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Open Access Article
1 - Diamond model of impulse buying behavior
JAVAD JOUKAR BORAZJANI Seid kamel kamali Vahid-Reza Mirabi Soheil Sarmad saeidiThe purpose of this research is to design and explain a model of impulse buying behavior in Iran. To achieve this goal, two qualitative and quantitative approaches have been used. In the qualitative stage, with the review of existing works, open interviews and content a MoreThe purpose of this research is to design and explain a model of impulse buying behavior in Iran. To achieve this goal, two qualitative and quantitative approaches have been used. In the qualitative stage, with the review of existing works, open interviews and content analysis techniques, four dimensions have been identified: cultural values, personalities, positions, and cognitive-emotional aspects of the buyer and In the quantitative stage, a sample of 3,168 shoppers from different cultures (Persian, Azeri, Kurdish, Lori, Arabic, Baluchi, Turkmen, Qashqai, Gilaki and Mazandaran) are sampled by cluster sampling Then, they were extracted by random sampling method and analyzed by factor analysis, exploratory factor analysis and structural equation modeling.The results of the study show that by recognizing the cultural values, personality, situations and the cognitive-affective of the buyers, can manage the buyer's impulse buying behavior and on the other hand, helps buyers and consumers to find out Under what conditions they buy impulsively, as well as the cultural values of buyers, have a special role in the impulse buying. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Measuring the Impact of Possible Actors on Future Land Wars in the Eastern and Southern East of Iran
سیدعلیرضا قاضی میرسعید حمیدرضا فرتوک زاده حسین ولیوند زمانی سید اصغر GH ابوالفضل باقریOne of the characteristics of future wars is the plurality and diversity of actors and forces involved in the war, and the analysis of actors is a process by which actors are identified; their role and contribution in the intended program and the relationships of the ac MoreOne of the characteristics of future wars is the plurality and diversity of actors and forces involved in the war, and the analysis of actors is a process by which actors are identified; their role and contribution in the intended program and the relationships of the actors are determined. To make Therefore, this research has been conducted with the aim of analyzing the main actors in the eastern and southeastern parts of the country to formulate controversy and possible ground warfare in the future.This research was exploratory and futuristic. In this regard, a panel of experts consisting of 11 tables of experts and experts in the field of war was formed and then interviewed with 9 senior officials associated with the situation in the region. Then, using the actor analysis method, the main actors in the future ground warfare in the area were identified and classified, and then the role of the actors and the relationship between them was identified. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Design Policy Template for Reforming and Improving the Administrative System (Case Study: National Iranian Gas Company)
Javad Fadaei masoud POur KianiPurpose: The purpose of this study was to provide a model for improvement and improvement of the administrative system in the National Gas Company using the mixed method (qualitative and quantitative). Methods: In the qualitative section, the data model of the foundatio MorePurpose: The purpose of this study was to provide a model for improvement and improvement of the administrative system in the National Gas Company using the mixed method (qualitative and quantitative). Methods: In the qualitative section, the data model of the foundation was used. In this section, the data model of the research foundation was conducted by interviewing 15 staff experts in the National Gas Company with Delphi method, axial and selective coding. In the quantitative part, using the modeling of structural equations in the male environment, Liserl and Amos, examine the proposed model and the hypotheses presented in the qualitative stage. The statistical population of the research in the small part consists of all administrators in 31 provincial gas companies along with the central headquarters. In this section, Morgan table was used to determine the sample. Results: The results show that the causal factors (structural and organizational domain, productivity area, human capital area, managerial field and legal and political system) affect the policy of improving and improving the administrative system in the National Iranian Gas Company. Also, the underlying factors (social and cultural flows, economic and technological flows, Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - Presenting the Organizational Architecture Model and its Effect on the Maturity of Human Resources Capabilities of Bushehr Gas Company
laila ghasemi hadi rezghi shirsavar maryam mosleh azita joubariBackground: In the third millennium, organizational architecture and the maturity of human resource capabilities emerged as a new and controversial category. Objective: The purpose of this study is to analyze and present an appropriate model of organizational architectu MoreBackground: In the third millennium, organizational architecture and the maturity of human resource capabilities emerged as a new and controversial category. Objective: The purpose of this study is to analyze and present an appropriate model of organizational architecture and its impact on the maturity of human resource capabilities of Bushehr Gas Company. Method: The research method was exploratory. In the qualitative part, exploratory factor analysis method and in the quantitative part, structural equations were used. The statistical population in the qualitative section was 12 university experts who were selected by purposive method. In a small part of the statistical population, 300 employees of Bushehr Gas Company were selected. According to Morgan table, 169 people were selected by simple random sampling. Data were extracted in the qualitative part from the exploratory factor analysis method and in the quantitative part from the structural equation method. The validity and reliability of the questionnaire were confirmed through heuristic factor analysis and Cronbach's alpha. Results: Organizational architecture with 4 dimensions and 20 indicators and organizational maturity with 4 dimensions and 60 indicators were identified. Organizational architecture with four dimensions (business, information, applications and technology) with a coefficient of 0.52 affects the maturity of human resource capabilities with four dimensions (managed, defined, predicted and optimized) Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - Presentation of a policy model for the protection of depositors' rights in banking crises in Iran
mohammad javad pourasadi kaveh timor nezhad mohammad reza rabiey mand[inBackground: Paying attention to depositors' rights and policy-making is currently ambiguous and due to the economic complexity of identifying a model in order to safeguard the rights of customers and depositors. Purpose: The present study aims to develop a policy model MoreBackground: Paying attention to depositors' rights and policy-making is currently ambiguous and due to the economic complexity of identifying a model in order to safeguard the rights of customers and depositors. Purpose: The present study aims to develop a policy model to safeguard the rights of depositors in banking crises in Iran. Methods: Factor analysis, path analysis and interpretive structural modeling were used to achieve this goal. Findings: The findings of the study, after analyzing the content of 23 concepts, 5 categories and 97 indicators in the field of policy making and then inputting them into quantitative analysis using factor analysis which is necessary; Depositors as the primary strategy to modify or improve the laws related to depositors should be considered by policymakers and policy makers as the driving force behind the implementation conditions. Finally, the concepts and categories identified should be taken into account in order to safeguard the rights of depositors. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - Affecting Factors on the Policy Innovation Capability of Active Public and Private Companies in the Food Industries with Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) Approach
Khadijeh Bahrami Houshang taghizadeh Mortaza Honarmand AzimiBackground: Innovation capability refers to a complete set of characteristics of the organization that facilitates innovation strategies, and Food industries are one of the most important branches of national economy in every country. Objective: this research, with purp MoreBackground: Innovation capability refers to a complete set of characteristics of the organization that facilitates innovation strategies, and Food industries are one of the most important branches of national economy in every country. Objective: this research, with purpose of determinating the affecting factors on the policy innovation capability of public and private companies in the field of food industry of Urmia is to identify and categorize the components by analytical approach. This research is an applied research. Methods: The present research is descriptive-analytical in terms of data collection and field in terms of method. The statistical population of the research is 221 and Sample size with Cochran formula was 143 government and Private companies.The research instrument was a questionnaire whose its content validity and its reliability was coefficient. Findings: The results of the sample fit test were based on the Bartlet index and the adequacy of the sample was 0.891, and the coefficient of aggregate extraction for all dimensions was more than 0.5 and the percentage of variance explained by the effective factors was 60.340%. Conclusion: The factors influencing innovation capability accordingly is categorized into three components: production, process and administrative innovation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - The explanation of Relation between Residential Satisfaction and renewal actions in Tehran city (Moghadam, Takhti, Hashemi Neighborhoods)
maliheh babakhaniDeteriorated urban textures are areas of a city isolated from developmental life cycle. They have turned into the focus of problems and inefficiencies. The evaluation of renewal actions claims to promote residents’ satisfaction in some cases. At the same time of i MoreDeteriorated urban textures are areas of a city isolated from developmental life cycle. They have turned into the focus of problems and inefficiencies. The evaluation of renewal actions claims to promote residents’ satisfaction in some cases. At the same time of improving objective and economic quality of life, there are claims regarding the lack of any improvements in their subjective quality of life. Above physical reforms, renewal actions in deteriorated textures should consider the issue of enhancing residents’ quality of life. Hence, besides considering physical aspects, renewal thoughts must also seek to provide and promote their quality of life and satisfaction. The Tehran Renewal Organization in 1388-92 years with the aim of achieving democratic renewal has tried to follow renewal actions with residents of the neighborhood and in keeping existing human and community development. This organization five activities defined: Social activities in order to identify the neighborhood for Awareness and Inform to the residents; Integration and renewal; Improve the quality of construction; Environmental sanitation and the definition of stimulus projects. The aim of this article is to explain the relationship between residential satisfaction of local residents with renewal actions of Tehran Renewal Organization. To do this, first, the aspects of residential satisfaction in deteriorated textures will be discussed. Then, the status of these aspects in renewal experiences will be reviewed. Accordingly, the aspects of achieving residential satisfaction in these fabrics are explained via deductive reasoning method. Based on historical research method, renewal experiences are studied regarding the aspects of residential satisfaction. Residential satisfaction in deteriorated fabrics is influenced by physical-environmental, services, socio-cultural, managerial, and economic aspects. According to aspects of the theoretical framework to examine this issue in renewal experiences 1388-92 years in Tehran. Three neighborhoods Hashemi in 10 district, Moghaddam in 17 district and Takhti in 12 district as selected samples in Tehran were selected based on The cluster analysis, k-means method. Target population are residents of neighborhoods that their homes renovated between 1388-92. then based on Cochran formula 325 questioner was determined to be distributed in the neighborhoods. Questionnaires were distributed and were filled through systematic method in neighborhoods. The data of the questionnaires analysis by statistical methods such as regression and factor analysis in Spss software. Based on outcome of Exploratory Factor Analysis seven factors (residential complex, social capital and environmental conditions residential neighborhood, The physical condition of housing units, Local Facilities and Services, Social-economic situation, Physical conditions of Neighborhood) defining as factors of residential satisfaction in these neighborhoods. The general characteristics of the residential complex, social capital and environmental conditions residential neighborhood residents account for a high percentage of residential' satisfaction. Based on renewal actions that done in these neiborhoods and results of regression analysis, Social activities, integration and renewal and environmental sanitation associate with residential' satisfaction. Activities in the field of improving the quality of construction and development stimulus projects although were defined in renewal activities but has not been considered in the following years and effectiveness of them on residential satisfaction cannot be investigated. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - Assessing the effective components on improving the quality of architectural space in the Public Libraries (case study: Central Library of Hamadan)
Vahid Majidi Mohsen Faizi سید باقر حسینی javad ahmadiEach designer in order to design a architectural space meeting a perfect qualities of the architectural space, needs regard some important factors as a guide line and in this context, libraries as a crucial territorial behavioral is very important. The main question of MoreEach designer in order to design a architectural space meeting a perfect qualities of the architectural space, needs regard some important factors as a guide line and in this context, libraries as a crucial territorial behavioral is very important. The main question of this study is to find that in the design of a desirable library meeting all the architectural qualities, which are the paramount factors and by which strategies we could achieve to the design of a desirable library? It means that all the effort of this study is to find the crucial design factors which by using them the designer could design a desirable library. The main purpose of this case study with quantitative, descriptive and analytic approach is to extract the main design factors and principles in order to improve the desirability of architectural spaces which by using them it would be possible to achieve to the future library designs. These qualities could be extended to the all parts of the country in terms of the design. This study has utilized factor analysis using SPSS 20 software. This method was used in order to reduction and to justify the most important design factors among vast design factors with less importance or affection. By this method, it would be possible to find the most important design factor which has the greatest effect on the design of a desirable library. The central and public library of Hamadan city was chosen for this perspective. This was because of its uniqueness and its contemporary features which meets all the new factors of Iranian architectural design procedures. This building as a cultural space in the large and urban scale was studied to unmask its current physical and behavioral features. The main hypothesis is that, in considering the desirability as a relative matter, as the main source to achieve, its intended users to answer. All users of the library were chosen to answer the questions revealing the amount of their satisfactions and their perception of the desirability of the library. And all the answers were considered as a guide line to usher to the main purpose so that it could possible to find the most important factors of the design. The outcomes of the study revealed that considering the natural and green zone and vegetation, internal lighting and proportion and scale in the internal design, are the main factors which should be considered to a perfect and desirable design of a library namely. By these results, it is possible to consider and to prioritize the principle into any field and subject of design of library to achieve to the main purpose of this study in which to achieve perfect and desirable design. Some of the strategies by these priorities could be asserted; using vegetation and green zones in the internal design of the reading rooms and corridors of the library. Utilizing the natural lighting by allowing the light to pierce to the rooms through a controller, Using human scale in the internal design. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - Regional Equilibrium Analysis Based on the Combined Indices of Core-Periphery Theory and Sustainable Tourism (Case Study: Khorasan-e-Razavi Province)
zeinab mirsondosi Behnaz aminzadehOne of the important issues in regional planning is the lack of attention to the inner strengths of the region and, therefore, its dependence on neighboring areas, while it itself has the power and capacity to be an environment for different activities such as tourism. MoreOne of the important issues in regional planning is the lack of attention to the inner strengths of the region and, therefore, its dependence on neighboring areas, while it itself has the power and capacity to be an environment for different activities such as tourism. Studies show little equilibrium in regional development in Iran in the last 50 years and this has created certain problems and issues for the spatial structure of cities and villages. The first step to face this problem is to evaluate a region according to its capacities and the way it benefits from them and then to provide a plan for enhancing or creating regional equilibrium, to help ordering the spatial structure of settlements in the region and to prevent some of the cities to grow unreasonably large. Sustainable tourism is a powerful tool for developing the regions and balancing them to an equilibrium point. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to examine how to use the sustainable tourism potential of a region in combination with the Core-Periphery planning theory for examining the region and, as a result, bringing it to a regional equilibrium. To this end, the conceptual model of this research and the indicators were developed using the meta-analysis method and then, they were rated using two methods of factor analysis and cluster analysis of Khorasan-e-Razavi province. The regional equilibrium is measured based on the sustainable tourism potential and is presented using the GIS software on the map of the province. The results of the research include providing a conceptual model for measuring regional equilibrium and paying attention to sustainable tourism potential. The research findings in the sample section show that Khorasan-e-Razavi Province does not have a sustainable balance for using the sustainable tourism potential of the province. Positioning Mashhad in the first place and 18 other cities at the lowest levels of tourism indicates an imbalance of the region which acts as a major factor in the collapse of the spatial order of the province on the one hand and causes the rapid and unpredictable growth of Mashhad on the other hand. In other words, tourism acts as an important factor in the collapse of the regional balance. Finally, in order to enhance tourism equilibrium in the province it is suggested that, first, all wealth gained for the province must be distributed in a balanced way, and second, development spread in the Core-Periphery theory is not sufficient on its own and the intervention of planners is also required. Therefore, through proper intervention and planning, planners can help to transfer tourism revenues from core to periphery to balance tourism development all over the province. So, the cities' rating and its spatial map provided in this paper are proper guides for finding the needs of the province by showing the parts in need of more consideration and those that are fertile and will flourish with a brief attention. Moreover, based on the results, some specific suggestions are put forward for enhancing the province equilibrium. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - Spatial Distribution of Community Disaster Resilience in Tehran Metropolis
Elnaz Baghernejhad Mohammadmahdi Azizi Different models of disaster resilience have been conducted to evaluate or promote resilience of cities prone to disasters. By considering resilience as a set of adaptive capacities, pre-event capacities influence resilience. Therefor providing a meth More Different models of disaster resilience have been conducted to evaluate or promote resilience of cities prone to disasters. By considering resilience as a set of adaptive capacities, pre-event capacities influence resilience. Therefor providing a methodology and a set of indicators to measure the present conditions influencing disaster resilience within communities is the focal argument in assessment of resilience to natural hazards. As the resilience has different dimensions, one of the quantitative approaches to measure city disaster resilience is to construct a composite index. The composite index, which encompasses a set of resilience indicators, can help in resilience quantitative evaluation, comparison between geographic units in terms of resilience, and elucidate resilience spatial distribution or assess resilience in a specific place in different periods of time. Tehran Metropolis, the capital of Iran, is located at the southern foot of Alborz Mountains, and surrounded by several fault lines. High vulnerability to disasters of Tehran Metropolis as well as the increasing population and the accumulation of resources in the capital highlight the importance of assessing the disaster resilience of this city in order to take appropriate measures to compensate for the shortcomings before the natural events occur. Based on the context represented here, the main objective of this study is to construct a composite indicator for evaluating inherent community disaster resilience for Tehran metropolis. In this regard, a set of resilient indicators extracted from three evaluation models -Baseline Resilience Indicators for Communities (BRIC), Community Resilience Index (CRI) and Community Disaster Resilience Index (CDRI) -were used to evaluate and construct a resilient composite index for Tehran metropolis. Taking into consideration indicators’ feasibility, operation-ability as well as data-accessibility, 34 of the 143 identified indicators from the three models were selected at the neighborhood level (for the 368 neighborhoods of the City). By using exploratory factor analysis, the inherent resilience dimensions are shown in five social, infrastructure, economic performance, community-neighborhood relations and community-participatory domains. The Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin (KMO) measure was 0.785, indicating that the correlation between the data is suitable for factor analysis and the cumulative variance of 5 factors explain 71.687 percent of the data variance. The spatial distribution of composite disaster resilience and its dimensions in Tehran metropolis indicate that the western and southwestern neighborhoods of the city have the least inherent resilience. The northern and central neighborhoods are in a better position than the southern neighborhoods in terms of resilience. Among the resilience dimensions, the infrastructure dimension has had the most negative impact on the neighborhoods with an adverse resilience situation. To conclude, the quantitative disaster resilience evaluation provides a clear picture of the status quo. Therefore, by assessing resilience in different geographic units, it is possible to compare and identify differences between areas, reduce shortcomings, and take advantage of opportunities. Besides, by measuring the resilience in different periods of time, one can understand any increase or decrease in resilience of a place and improve this quality before the events, especially in cities with high population density and prone to earthquakes like Tehran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - Investigating of the relationship between quality of life with sprawl and compact urban in Khoramdeh city’s neighborhoods
Ladan Mostafazadeh Esmaeil Shieh Ghader AhmadiThis paper examines the relationship between urban Sprawl and urban compaction with quality of life. By technology progress and the use of fast means of transportation, the deployment of citydwellers was possible in rural areas around the city. However, due to problems MoreThis paper examines the relationship between urban Sprawl and urban compaction with quality of life. By technology progress and the use of fast means of transportation, the deployment of citydwellers was possible in rural areas around the city. However, due to problems in urban centers (such as high price of housing and land, over population jamming, etc.) population is poured into the suburb and on the other side due to the existence of highways, they were able to meet their requirements easily by refering to urban centers where it was caused spread cities horizontally. Urban sprawl event was stared at the united states in twentieth century then it was taken in to place in other countries like Iran. And surely conseques of this event have had some effect on quality of life (positive or negative). The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of urban sprawl on the quality of life and the sample is Khoramdareh city. The main question in this study is that if the urban sprawl affects on the quality of life and how much is it? Therefore, after the study and examination of the theories, concepts and approaches to the phenomenon of urban sprawl and quality of life, the global experiences in respect of sprawl and quality of life and indicators of their measurement was investigated. First in the evaluation of case study, causing factors of dispersion in Khoramdareh was analyzed and then urban sprawl was investigated by examining 13 factors in 12 urban district. It was divided into sprawl district (1, 2, 3, 4, 10, 11, 12 neighborhoods) and compact districts (5, 6, 7, 8, 9 neighberhoods). Then urban neighberhoods of Khoramdareh gradation based on sprawl from 1 until 12 dirges (11, 12, 10, 1, 4, 2, 3, 5, 7, 8, 9 and 6 neighberhoods). Also quality of life by 18 indexes and questionnaire design by 18 indexes and by filling it in Khoramdeh selected neighberhoods (1 and 11 neighborhoods from sprawl district and 6 and 8 neighborhoods from compact district) were evaluated. The number of questionnaires was calculated by Cochran formula and the number rose to 130 in the four neighberhoods of Khoramdeh and by Using of this technique, the samples were made to collect data. Then the questionnaire data were analyzed and summarized by using of descriptive statistics tools (tables and charts) and finally analyzed by using of inferential statistical techniques and the results was granted with a certain confidence level of extension. Used analysis includes: Mann-Whitney Test and t Test by using of SPSS16 software and exploratory factor analysis by using the LISREL 8.5 software. The results show that the quality of life in 1 and 11 neighborhoods (ave = 2/5) is upper than the quality of life in 6 and 8 neighborhoods (Average = 2/22), with 95 percent confidence level. And then by this 95 percent confidence level, it can be said that quality of life in sprawl neighberhoods is upper than the quality of life in compact neighborhoods. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - Explaining Qualitative Criteria in the Process of Integrated Formation in Urban Public Spaces (Case Study: District Five of Tehran Municipality)
Nila Pazhouhandeh Esmaeil Shieh Maryam MoinifarIn recent decades, several approaches have been proposed regarding the formation of "quality of urban public spaces,« and various researches have been conducted in this field. However, what can be discerned so far is the lack of attention to the concept of integra MoreIn recent decades, several approaches have been proposed regarding the formation of "quality of urban public spaces,« and various researches have been conducted in this field. However, what can be discerned so far is the lack of attention to the concept of integrative spatial quality and its holistic approach in the field of urban planning as "the basic elements of urban design.» This research explains the critical criteria of the process of forming an integrative spatial quality in urban public spaces. To achieve the purpose of the study, District 5 of Tehran Municipality, due to numerous public spaces in line with the research criteria of the article and the low age of construction, has been studied as a case study. Based on the theories, views, and researche identified in the framework of the mentioned purpose, five critical criteria are essential. The research method is analytical-descriptive. In reference to the contribution and role of this research, it can be emphasized that the foundation of integrative spatial quality in public spaces is only possible by simultaneous attention to allthe key Components: "physical,« "perceptual,» "social,« "environmental,» "functional."Thirty-three variables have considered further study and explanation of these five criteria regarding structural equations and validity and reliability. Thus, it is possible to design a 5-factor model in the field of measuring the quality of integrative spatial in public spaces, which at the same time is a fundamental step in developing a structural model at a higher level, the adequacy of this measurement model, due to various indicators, indicates that the model in question has an acceptable fit from the view of data coordination, including 220 samples with its factor structure. The main goal, part of which, by pursuing the question, "What criteria in the process of forming an integrative spatial quality in urban public spaces, what is their role and position?« is reflected in the present article. This research showed that the optimal quality of selected urban public spaces in this region was related to physical –aesthetic, and functional attributes. In addition, evaluation of this process, planning, and acting in order to enhance it should be considered accordingly based on this framework. Further specific studies on these factors and their effectiveness and relationships are issues that can be addressed in future research to clarify the theoretical findings. Every public space needs unique features; but based on the results, these suggestions are also presented to improve the quality of the urban area and its integration in the five districts of Tehran:The ability to access the communication structure of public spaces for the disabled and people with disabilitiesExecutive diversification of public spaces in accordance with seasonal changes, forming a network of connected public spaces that have interactive quality indicators and also invite individuals to establish sustainable social interactionMeaningful spaces and granting new uses such as restaurants, coffee shops, and more for the proper use of public spaces in the direction of dynamism, vitality, and prosperity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - Analysis of the Effects of Urban Sprawl on Social Vulnerability (Case Study: Qazvin City Districts)
Esfandiar Zebardast Hossein GhanouniIran is a country prone to earthquakes in which so many cities have experienced earthquakes in far and near past. Although there is a high potential for earthquakes to be destructive, the level of losses and damages of them is not solely dependent on the magnitude and t MoreIran is a country prone to earthquakes in which so many cities have experienced earthquakes in far and near past. Although there is a high potential for earthquakes to be destructive, the level of losses and damages of them is not solely dependent on the magnitude and the location of the earthquake, or physical aspects of buildings and urban areas. In the analysis of the impacts of natural hazards, three broad categories have been defined: 1) focus on natural hazard's biophysical impacts because of the place it occurs; 2) focus on hazard's impacts on societies that experience the hazard because of the social characteristics of those societies and 3) an approach that takes into account both of impacts. This article takes the second approach to analyze the effects of natural hazards. In this approach, social characteristics of the communities and societies, in which earthquake happens, come to center stage. Social vulnerability is one of the important aspects of earthquake risks and consequences. In addition, the progress of communication and transportation technologies and an increase in agricultural production surplus because of the Industrial Revolution has caused many rural settlers to migrate to cities. The increasing population raise in cities has led to many economic, social and environmental consequences, of which excessive horizontal and leapfrog development (which is called urban sprawl in scientific literature) is one. In this article urban sprawl is defined as: "unplanned, far-from-center and automobile-accessed growth of cities which has environmental, economic and social effects and is characterized by low density, segregation of land-uses and limited accessibility". In this research, at first theoretical literature of urban sprawl and social vulnerability were reviewed and the indicators for measuring them were chosen (13 for urban sprawl and 7 for social vulnerability) and the relevant data for Qazvin was extracted by using national census data and Geographic Information System (GIS). Then explorative factor analysis for eigenvalues bigger than 1 was conducted by using SPSS software and the indicators for sprawl were categorized into 4 factors: “density”, “configuration”, “land-use” and “accessibility” (70.22% of variance explained), and the indicators for social vulnerability were grouped in 1 factor: social vulnerability (66.9% of variance explained). Then the maps for each factor of sprawl and two main topics (sprawl and social vulnerability) were made. The correlation analysis was conducted on four factors of sprawl, social vulnerability factor (which is representative of social vulnerability altogether) and sprawl as a whole. The results show that from 4 factors of sprawl, just density factor has a significant correlation (0.801) with social vulnerability. Sprawl is also significantly (although weaker) correlated to social vulnerability (0.44). In addition, regression analysis showed that four factors of sprawl can explain 67.6% of the variance of social vulnerability. The relation between social vulnerability and density/sprawl is positive/negative, i.e. by an increase in density/decrease in sprawl, social vulnerability increases. Finally, the maps of sprawl and social vulnerability in Qazvin city districts and the map of potential districts for development are shown based on the correlation of sprawl and social vulnerability. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - Assessing the effective components on improving the quality of architectural space in the Public Libraries (case study: Central Library of Hamadan)
Mohsen Faizi S.Bagher Hosseini Vahid Majidi Javad AhmadiArchitectural space, organizes the human life. Assessing and prioritizing the effective criteria in designing architectural space could be also effective on designer’s decision to improve the qualitative elements of space and provide the necessary physical utiliti MoreArchitectural space, organizes the human life. Assessing and prioritizing the effective criteria in designing architectural space could be also effective on designer’s decision to improve the qualitative elements of space and provide the necessary physical utilities for its inhabitants or potential users. The public libraries by responding to cultural capitation, and as major sources of public education are promoting public knowledge and playing an important role in attracting maximum number of people. In each architectural space, physical elements have been considered as main factors to shape the space. Space is one of the elements in architectural design which is considered continuously in both theory and profession. People perceive the architecture by space and recognize it by form and these two parts of architecture have inherent relationship with each other and therefor enrichment of space comes from the composition of physical elements. In other words, the Interconnectedness between essence of space and physical elements have been recognized as main parts of architectural process. Quality is a sophis ticated subject in architecture which in different situations gets disparate definitions. Quality is one of the accepted ideal of analysis and perceiving architectural projects. Quality of subject indicates the transcendence, similarity or inferior of subject in comparison with other subjects. Perceiving the superior or inferior quality of subjects could be accomplished by a subjective or objective process. Improving the quality of architectural space could have a major effect on sense of user and it could influence the user's satisfaction during the exis tence of a certain space. There are lots of s trategies to obtain high qualities in spaces such as increasing flexibility, multifunctioning the space, introducing active and passive spaces in architecture, promoting transparency, porosity, fluidity, and drawing connections between indoor and outdoor spaces.The main purpose of this s tudy is to find the criteria that promotes the quality of architectural space in libraries. This analysis-descriptive research has been done with a quantitative approach, by using factor analysis and SPSS20 software for balancing and reduction of measures in order to gain a desirable design in connection with the supply of user’s satisfaction of architectural space. In this research, forming out questionnaires for the case s tudy was necessary to achieve the aforementioned purposes. The population who participated in this research consisted of selected Hamadan library users, including men and women in the age range of 18-35 years old, who were observed carefully in a period of 4 months. According to s tatis tical methods, sample size was 226 and the type of sample selecting method was random sampling. With this arrangement, special physical specifications of central library of Hamadan as an exis ting and viable sample of cultural space in a city scale has been analyzed, and the results of this research have revealed that among 10 factors in improvement of special qualities in libraries, attention to view and vegetarian covering, interior lighting and the proportion in design are the mos t important factors that should be the main priorities for interventions, in order to supply the desirable s tudy room. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - Investigating Urban Expansion and Its Drivers in Ardebil
Haleh Hoseinpour Esfandiar Zebardast Hamid Majedi -
Open Access Article
16 - The Assessment of the Community Capacity on the Urban Vulnerability Based on Community Disaster Risk Management (CBDRM) (Case Study : Yousef-Abad, Tehran City)
Davood Kazemi Alireza Andalib -
Open Access Article
17 - Evaluation of the Urban Settlement s Optimal System
Melika Mehriar Kianoosh Zaker Haghighi -
Open Access Article
18 - Marginalization and Urban Crisis in City of Ilam
Mir Najaf Mousavi Hasan Hekmat Nia Mohamad Maleki Mousa Maleki Pour -
Open Access Article
19 - Identifying national strategies that have an impact on the development of environmental culture in sports organizations
Seyed Farzad Mirhosseini Seyyed Mustafa Tayibi Thani حیدر لطفی افسانه روحانیThe purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of environmental culture development in sports organizations. The research method is descriptive-analytical and considered applied research. The Delphi method was used in the qualitative research to identify the fa MoreThe purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of environmental culture development in sports organizations. The research method is descriptive-analytical and considered applied research. The Delphi method was used in the qualitative research to identify the factors affecting the development of environmental culture in organizations and to develop a questionnaire for the quantitative section. In the quantitative section, the results of the Delphi method were used to design a questionnaire to examine the level of development and implementation of environmental culture in the statistical population. The qualitative statistical population included all environmental culture specialists in organizational settings, where 20 people from 6 organizations were selected using snowball sampling. In the quantitative section, the statistical population consisted of employees of sports organizations, professors, and PhD and Master's students in sports management at the Islamic Azad University. Based on random sampling and the Kargar-Jessy and Morgan table, 297 people out of the statistical population (1300 people) were selected as the study sample. The research findings in the qualitative section identified 43 effective variables in the development of organizational environmental culture, which in exploratory factor analysis were classified into six main factors, explaining 65.34% of the total variance. The results also showed that all of these factors are effective in the development of environmental culture. Finally, suggestions were made for further development of these factors in the direction of environmental culture development. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
20 - Identify the behavioral factors involving in increasing students’ participation in recreational sport activities at the university Islamic Azad
Hadi AbdollahifarFinding the appropriate solutions for attracting students in active participating in recreational sports and to ensure their health needs a good command in knowing the effective factors in this regard. The aim of this study was to investigate the behavioral factors invo MoreFinding the appropriate solutions for attracting students in active participating in recreational sports and to ensure their health needs a good command in knowing the effective factors in this regard. The aim of this study was to investigate the behavioral factors involving in increasing students’ participation in recreational sport activities at the university. This research has an applied orientation and is a mixed research as it is qualitative, exploratory and quantitative, survey research.The statistical population of the qualitative section consisted of managers and faculty members related to the research subject, 22 of whom were selected by purposive quota sampling method. The statistical population of the quantitative section was the educational managers of the Azad University units including 381 persons. According to the condition of sufficient sample size for factor analysis, 200 were selected by stratified random sampling. Data collection method is the quantitative section, Libraries and semi – structured interviewed based on saturation in data collection, and at the quantitative stage a researcher-made questionnaire whose face validity was performed to confirm the questionnaire by experts. Delphi method was used for qualitative analysis of research variables and factorial analysis and confirmatory factorial analysis then the goodness of fit indices and Freedman was used in SPSS and LISREL soft wares. The results depicted that behavioral factors influencing students' participation in university leisure activities can be classified into three structural, interactive (interpersonal) and individual components. These results can help the officials formulate sports university strategies and policies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
21 - Design evaluating model of drivers impacting on Nostalgic behavior and its results via Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA)& Structural Equation Modeling (SEM)
Soraya Fathallahi Elham Faridchehr Nader gharib navaz VahidReza MirabiIn the present study, we first examined and identified the psychological-individual factors and considered the following components for each: psychological-individual factors included personality traits, lifestyle, motivation, learning, resistance against change; values MoreIn the present study, we first examined and identified the psychological-individual factors and considered the following components for each: psychological-individual factors included personality traits, lifestyle, motivation, learning, resistance against change; values included hedonic and utilitarianism values, self-concept and authenticity; Then, the effect of these factors on nostalgic behaviors, like tendencies, sentiments and nostalgic intensity were examined. Later on, the effect of nostalgic behaviors on need for belonging, consumption conditions, brand heritage, brand attitudes ,levels of feeling and emotions is examined, and the effects of these factors and nostalgic behaviors on purchase intention (PI) were investigated, and finally, the effect of PI on actual purchases were measured. Conceptual model that extraction of literature and testing the sample size of participants.The methodology of had two stages: stage one was examined using Exploratory Factor Analysis and the second stage using structural equations.Highlights to finding this research and present articles aims to provide managerial implications for customer nostalgia behavior via Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA)& Structural Equation Modeling (SEM).The analytical results showed the psychological-individual factors affect Nostalgia behaviors. Nostalgia behaviors, need for belonging, consumption conditions,levels of feeling and emotions brand attitudes, affect purchase intention,but brand heritage is not significantly related purchase intentions.Finally purchase intentions are significantly related purchase behavior. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
22 - Application of factor analysis in fuzzy DEA model combined with Markowitz's model portfolio to determine the most efficient companies in the Tehran Stock Exchange
Hamzeh Pourbabagol Mohammad hossin NayyeriThe main goal In this paper is to merge fuzzy DEA with Markowitz model to construct optimized portfolio of efficient companies in Tehran bourse. So, first using of DEA we choose efficient companies as efficient group, although we choose two type of efficient companies w MoreThe main goal In this paper is to merge fuzzy DEA with Markowitz model to construct optimized portfolio of efficient companies in Tehran bourse. So, first using of DEA we choose efficient companies as efficient group, although we choose two type of efficient companies with adding controlling relative weight constraints for two type of investors ( risk aversive & risk taker ), Then, using of Markowitz model with regarding of the level of risk aversion, we construct efficient portfolio from efficient group.The large number of criteria is one of the MCDM model's problems for solving this problem we can use of factor analysis to reduce a complex data set to a lower dimension. In this paper with respect to experts's opinions,firstly the main variables corresponding to company's efficiency were assigned ( 15 financial ratio ) and then using of factor analysis we reduse the number of these variables to eight, after that with adding controlling relative weight constraints to DEA model, we construct efficient groap for two type of investors ( risk aversive & risk taker ). due to relativeness of risk and return in terms of investors, whit imputing investors to type( risk aversive & risk taker), efficient groaps were constituted. Finaly investor can, with regarding of the level of his risk aversion, using of Markowitz model, construct optimal portfolio from efficient groaps. Though in final step optimal portfolios were choosed from efficient groaps, thus one of the main problem of Markowitz model that is nonregarding other criterion except risk and return, will be soleved Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
23 - Validating Organizational Silence Questionnaire at Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports of Iran
Salah Naghshbandi Nazanin Rasekh Fahimeh Mohammadhassan -
Open Access Article
24 - Designing and Validating the Model for Job Requirements and Job Resources Affecting Employees' Job Engagement
Leila Gilani Nader Bohlooli Mojtaba Ramazani Ahmad Vedadi -
Open Access Article
25 - An Investigation into Effects of Dividend Policy on Financial Growth of Advertising Firms in Kenya
B. Walter Okibo G. Chateya Alinyo -
Open Access Article
26 - Factors Affecting Mobile Handset (MH) Buying Decision: An Empirical Study
M. Aftab Uddin H. Xu M. Tahlil Azim -
Open Access Article
27 - Determination of the main factors influencing the Failure of customer relationship management projects (CRM) (Case Study: Customer Relationship Management Process Implementation Group Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Amirkabir University of Technology)
احد بنار مریم خالقی بایگی امین حبیبی رادCustomer Relations Management (CRM) encompasses a set of procedures that enable organizations to use business strategies in favor of developing long-term and profitable relationships with specific customers. Organizations well found that achieve their goals, haven't way MoreCustomer Relations Management (CRM) encompasses a set of procedures that enable organizations to use business strategies in favor of developing long-term and profitable relationships with specific customers. Organizations well found that achieve their goals, haven't way exclusive of right relationship with customers through the proper implementation of customer relationship management projects. Research indicates that a high percentage of these projects are in the implementation failed and eventually fails. The purpose of this study is identify and accurately classify the main factors affecting failure evaluate with the CRM projects. In this study used descriptive method and questionnaires and interviews have been utilized as measurement tools. The Population of Research are managers and consultants and experts of CRM projects Executive Department of Mathematics and Computer Department of Amirkabir University. 40 questionnaires were distributed to all members of the Population and accepted the 34 questionnaires were returned. Based on survey and comments of managers & consultants and experts: Executive, Technological, cultural, administrative and Cost as the main factors influencing the fail of customer relationship management projects. Then whit help Nonparametric methods and statistical analyzes by SPSS software and the Exploratory Factor analysis, Confirmatory Factor analysis & T Student test accuracy and relevance factors of the study was approved. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
28 - An Investigation of Influential Factors in Choosing Brands of Washing Products by Female Isfahanis Customers
حامد کرمیان ahmadreza shekarchizadeh reyhaneh rismankarzadehAbstract The present study is an investigation of the influential factors in how Isfahani women select detergent brands: Iranian (Golrang) or other (Peril)? This study is functional in purpose and descriptive-survey in methodology. The research population consists of fe MoreAbstract The present study is an investigation of the influential factors in how Isfahani women select detergent brands: Iranian (Golrang) or other (Peril)? This study is functional in purpose and descriptive-survey in methodology. The research population consists of female users of Peril and Golrang in Isfahan. Cochran formula was used to determine the population which finally amounted to 320 questionnaires. The findings reveal some 29 chief influential components which were sorted into 8 factors. These factors determine the motive of purchase for more than 66% of Golrang product and more than 71% of Peril product. Out of these 29 components, 5 were found to be the most important in selecting Golrang: distinction of product, Washing quality, aroma, compatibility with skin, the power of lathering. The most important components for Peril were: newness of name, distinction between this product and the others, washing quality, aroma, compatibility with skin, and power of lathering. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
29 - Measuring Model of Consumer’s Moral Emotions in Sport Marketing: A Scale Development
Jasem ManouchehriPurpose: Despite the various violations of athletes, researchers paid a few attentions to the negative effects of these violations on consumer’s responses. The main purpose of this research was to present a model for measuring the level of consumer’s moral e MorePurpose: Despite the various violations of athletes, researchers paid a few attentions to the negative effects of these violations on consumer’s responses. The main purpose of this research was to present a model for measuring the level of consumer’s moral emotions in facing with doping scandal by endorser celebrity athletes. Methodology: The present research was conducted by an exploratory mixed methodology. Logical induction was utilized for analyzing qualitative data collected from 18 interviews (9 men and 9 women), in addition, 224 sport sciences students of Iranian universities filled out the quantitative questionnaires to run confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) of the measuring model. Findings: The results from CFA and its goodness and badness indexes revealed standard amount of the indexes. Moreover, results showed that the extent of Average Variance Extracted (AVE) for contempt, anger and disgust was higher than 0.5 which revealed Convergent Validity of the named variables. Additionally, the extent of Average Variance Extracted (AVE) for all variables was bigger than the square of their pairwise relationships which also revealed Discriminant Validity. All variables reliabilities were higher than 0.7 which indicated Composite Reliability. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
30 - Identification of Obstacles and limitations Implementing Relationship Marketing in the Public Sector Insurance Companies in Iran
M. Amirshahi M. SaffianianIn this era, service sector has gone through such a drastic transformation never experienced in its history. These changes has affected both industry structure and competitive situation. In this challenging environment of quick changes, service companies MoreIn this era, service sector has gone through such a drastic transformation never experienced in its history. These changes has affected both industry structure and competitive situation. In this challenging environment of quick changes, service companies in general and financial institutions in particular are forced to change their reactions toward market factors: change their focus off their products and shift it towards their customers and competitors; change their outlook from short-term to long-term periods. Diversity and complexity of competitive pressures has inevitably forced these companies to welcome new marketing paradigm i.e." Relationship Marketing"(RM). Kotler defined RM as establishing, maintaining, and reinforcing strong relationships with customers and other stakeholders. This research is an effort to identify the obstacles and limitations in implementing RM in the public sector insurance companies in Iran. After a broad review of literature and other secondary sources on the topic, the researcher interviewed with more than 30 people who were experienced in the insurance industry in Iran. The purpose of the literature review and interviews was to identify the research variables (47 such variable in total) and to design the requiredquestionnaire for data collection. The questionnaire was launched among 380 of the managers and specialized staff of Iran, Dana, Alborz, and Asia insurance companies, which collectively hold more than 89 percent of the insurance market in Iran in 2005. Factor analysis of those variables diminished them to 12 factors that were responsible for 64.5 percent of their variance. Research findings include a detailed description of those 12 factors and present a new model which encompasses obstacles in implementing RM in the public sector insurance companies in Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
31 - An Investigation of Influential Factors in Choosing Brands of Washing Products by Female Isfahanis Customers
H. Karamian A. Shekarchizadeh R. RismankarzadehThe present study is an investigation of the influential factors in how Isfahani women select detergent brands: Iranian (Golrang) or other (Peril)? This study is functional in purpose and descriptive-survey in methodology. The research population consists of female user MoreThe present study is an investigation of the influential factors in how Isfahani women select detergent brands: Iranian (Golrang) or other (Peril)? This study is functional in purpose and descriptive-survey in methodology. The research population consists of female users of Peril and Golrang in Isfahan. Cochran formula was used to determine the population which finally amounted to 320 questionnaires. The findings reveal some 29 chief influential components which were sorted into 8 factors. These factors determine the motive of purchase for more than 66% of Golrang product and more than 71% of Peril product. Out of these 29 components, 5 were found to be the most important in selecting Golrang: distinction of product, Washing quality, aroma, compatibility with skin, the power of lathering. The most important components for Peril were: newness of name, distinction between this product and the others, washing quality, aroma, compatibility with skin, and power of lathering. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
32 - Evaluation of Consumer Preferences in the Consumer Decision-Making Process of Foreign Goods
K. Heidarzadeh H. Zand Hesami M. M. HasanlooIncreasing competition in global markets and consequent increase in marketing costs has made essential the improvement of effectiveness of marketing activities and strategies. On the other hand, the attractiveness of the Iran market, increasing competitio MoreIncreasing competition in global markets and consequent increase in marketing costs has made essential the improvement of effectiveness of marketing activities and strategies. On the other hand, the attractiveness of the Iran market, increasing competition among foreign products, and lack of enough investigation in this area, has made unavoidable the need to do such research in Iran. Through the gap analysis method, this research evaluated Iranian consumers’ product attitudes, associated marketing practices, and buying preferences concerning products made in Germany and Japan. The results show that consumers evaluate such products differently. In addition, by determining the priority of effective factors on buying preferences, active companies in the Iran market can apply the results to optimize their marketing strategies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
33 - An Investigation into Factors that Affect Brand Choice Using Factor Analysis Approach
M. Samiei Nasr S. M. Alavi M. Nadjafi SiahroudiNowadays, the importance of brand concept is so high that some researchers believe that brand is a perfect product and argue that most of the time customers instead of buying a product, buy the brand. Therefore, recognizing the factors influencing brand choice and inves MoreNowadays, the importance of brand concept is so high that some researchers believe that brand is a perfect product and argue that most of the time customers instead of buying a product, buy the brand. Therefore, recognizing the factors influencing brand choice and investigating the specific features of brand is of importance and requires various studies. The present study aimed at investigating into factors that affect brand choice. The methodology of this study was applied research and for data collection, survey approach was used. The statistical population consisted of buyers in Shiraz and statistical sample based on Factor Analysis were 400 buyers (sampling method: regional method). Based on statistical analyses, 30 factors that affect brand choice were categorized in 9 classifications; five factors, namely the simplicity of brand's pronunciation, non-ambiguity of brand, simplicity of brand memorization; writing language and understandability of brand, were classified as the important ones. Further, based on qualitative analyses, result revealed that “past experience of buying” for respondents affects in brand choice to a great extent. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
34 - Designing Structural Equation Model of Competitiveness in Level of Departments of Insurance Companies in Tehran
M. R. Abbasi H. RahimiKoloorIn the era of growing globalization competitiveness has been considered as a major issue among policy makers at different levels. In this paper we first review the research background, and study the factors affecting competitiveness. Then, using the confirmatory factor MoreIn the era of growing globalization competitiveness has been considered as a major issue among policy makers at different levels. In this paper we first review the research background, and study the factors affecting competitiveness. Then, using the confirmatory factor analysis technique, we identify a set of indices affecting competitiveness; classify them in three main indices (Environmental, Inter-organizational and Creating Perceptual Values Factors) and in the next stage, using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) the kind of relationship between new structure and indices affecting the competitiveness is studied so that while explaining conceptual model of competitiveness, the competitiveness domestic model is presented .The present study data has been collected from the insurance companies based in Tehran from among a 138 insurance expert. To analyze the data, we have used Lisrel software. The results of the research modified model have identified the factor creating conceptual value of the first importance. These results show that inter-organizational and environmental factors are of the next level of importance. Hence, the proposed model in this study has been different from its theoretical model. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
35 - Determination of the Main Factors Influencing the Failure of Customer Relationship Management Projects (CRM) (Case Study: Customer Relationship Management Process Implementation Group Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Amirkabir University of Technology)
M. Khaleghy Baygy A. Banar A. Habibi RadCustomer Relations Management (CRM) encompasses a set of procedures that enable organizations to use business strategies in favor of developing long-term and profitable relationships with specific customers. Organizations well found that achieve their goals, h MoreCustomer Relations Management (CRM) encompasses a set of procedures that enable organizations to use business strategies in favor of developing long-term and profitable relationships with specific customers. Organizations well found that achieve their goals, haven't way exclusive of right relationship with customers through the proper implementation of customer relationship management projects. Research indicates that a high percentage of these projects are in the implementation failed and eventually fails. The purpose of this study is identify and accurately classify the main factors affecting failure evaluate with the CRM projects.In this study used descriptive method and questionnaires and interviews have been utilized as measurement tools. The Population of the Research are managers, consultants and experts of CRM projects Executive Department of Mathematics and Computer Department of Amirkabir University. 40 questionnaires were distributed to all members of the Population and accepted the 34 questionnaires were returned.Based on survey and comments of managers and consultants and experts: Executive,Technological, cultural, administrative and Cost as the main factors influencing the fail of customer relationship management projects. Then whit help Nonparametric methods and statistical analyzes by SPSS software and the Exploratory Factor analysis, Confirmatory Factor analysis & T Student test accuracy and relevance factors of the study was approved. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
36 - Explaining environmental Criteria in companies with a phenomenological approach (Case Study: Cement, Lime & Waste Industry)
Roholla Baharloo Mahmoud Moeinadin Forogh HeyraniAt present, managers are under increasing pressure to not only reduce operating costs, but also to minimize the environmental impact of their activities and increase environmental performance. The main objective of this study is to identify environmental factors at the MoreAt present, managers are under increasing pressure to not only reduce operating costs, but also to minimize the environmental impact of their activities and increase environmental performance. The main objective of this study is to identify environmental factors at the corporate level. In order to achieve this, the research was carried out in two separate phases during the years 2018 and 2019.First, after studying the theoretical foundations of the research, a descriptive phenomenological baroque qualitative research method was used, based on the experiences of people involved in the field of research. Secondly, in order to confirm and meet the identified criteria, data analysis was performed by designing a questionnaire and conducting a survey of scientific experts.The result of the study is to identify 20 criteria and classify them into 4 general categories and in the second stage to confirm and fit the general structure of all instances using structural equation technique and factor analysis test. The research findings are effective in identifying and understanding environmental standards and adhering to them at the corporate level, developing environmental accounting standards across industries and encouraging organizations to implement green accounting and will have desirable consequences. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
37 - Factor analysis to explain the effectiveness of disclosing non-financial information in accounting reports
Yaser Radi JAMAL BAHRISALES Saeed Jabbarzadeh Kangarloei Ali AshtabThe aim of the current research is to explain the effectiveness of disclosing non-financial information in accounting reports based on factor analysis. For this purpose, all accounting reports of listed companies that have a non-financial (qualitative) aspect (including MoreThe aim of the current research is to explain the effectiveness of disclosing non-financial information in accounting reports based on factor analysis. For this purpose, all accounting reports of listed companies that have a non-financial (qualitative) aspect (including: attached notes, report of the board of directors to the assembly, internal control report, audit reports) to extract non-financial variables It was investigated and 50 non-financial variables were identified and sent to 380 people in the form of a checklist to obtain points from experts based on Morgan's table, refining the opinions of the research experts to 23 non-financial variables, finally, the mentioned non-financial variables were divided into four social and economic factors, environment and corporate governance were divided, also in order to measure the effectiveness of the mentioned factors, 5 criteria including: stock liquidity, information asymmetry, financial performance, price concurrency and cost of capital were used as dependent variables for the time period 2012 to 2021. The present research method is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive in terms of data collection method. In terms of the type of data, it is a qualitative and quantitative research, and in terms of the method of data analysis, it is a research with a mixed method, which will be used in a part of the research using a qualitative method and in another part, a quantitative method. And for data analysis, Stata software version 15 and tabular data model were used. The results of the research showed that, based on the factor analysis, all the mentioned factors have a positive and significant effect on the effectiveness of accounting reports. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
38 - Investigating Effect of Cultural and Behavioral Aspects on Auditors Professional Skepticism
S. Hossein Hosseini Hashem Nikoomaram Ali Akbar RezaeiProfessional Skepticism in one of the fundamental concepts in auditing standards and statements and its major focuses is on questioning mind for critical evaluation of audit evidence gathered during the audit process. In auditing literature and standards referred conseq MoreProfessional Skepticism in one of the fundamental concepts in auditing standards and statements and its major focuses is on questioning mind for critical evaluation of audit evidence gathered during the audit process. In auditing literature and standards referred consequences of professional skepticism such as, avoid ignoring suspicious circumstances; abstain from the use of incorrect assumptions in the determination of audit procedures and evaluating the results, but it has not been tested which are determinants of professional skepticism.In this research, by means of other studies in the field of professional skepticism (such as Hurtt 2013), major determinants of professional skepticism, include search for knowledge, suspension in judgment, self-determination, questioning mind, interpersonal understanding, and self-confidence have been investigated. Also, relationship between attribute of skepticism and culture and behavior characteristics has been investigated in the next step. For factor of culture we used renewed Gray’s theory (1988) by Lavinia Olimid (2005). Also, we used Fah’s revised model (2009) based on Schwartz’s study (2001) to explain motivational behavioral values. We used structural equation methods and factor analysis by means of Lisrel software ver. 8.8. To test reliability, validity and descriptive statistics of research we used PASW sofware ver. 18. According to the achieved results, three factors include search for knowledge, self-confidence and interpersonal understanding are major determinants of auditor's professional skepticism. Also, results show direct impact of behavioral factors on professional skepticism and no effect of culture factor. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
39 - Developing the corporate social responsibility Model and its impact on the Qualitative Characteristics of Financial Information
S. Ahmad Mousavi Farzin Rezaei Farhad ShahveisiThe purpose of research is to identify factors that explain the pattern of reporting and corporate social responsibility and corporate social responsibility influence on the Quality of information. to achieve this goal, Using various aspects of social responsibility the MoreThe purpose of research is to identify factors that explain the pattern of reporting and corporate social responsibility and corporate social responsibility influence on the Quality of information. to achieve this goal, Using various aspects of social responsibility theory based on Carroll, Indicators for economic, legal, ethical, environmental and social was considered and Using confirmatory factor analysis, appropriate indicators were selected each dimension. The sample consisted of 87 companies during the period 1385 to 1393 based on data envelopment analysis, the performance was calculated corporate social responsibility. The performance index of corporate social responsibility to check the effects on the quality of accounting information based on panel data and multivariate linear regression and logistic, the results showed that the index of fulfillment of corporate social responsibility and predictive value of a positive and significant Relationship exists. Also results showed that the index of fulfillment of corporate social responsibility with Feedback value was positive Relationship, but this Relationship was not Significant and the coefficient of performance of corporate social responsibility and other qualitative characteristics include the conservatism, Neutrality, Rep faith fullness and completeness was not significant relationship Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
40 - Determining Research, Education, and Extension Requirements for Application of the Precision Agricultural System in Iran
M. Omidi- Najafabadi S. Bahramnejad -
Open Access Article
41 - Assessment and analysis of effective factors on firewood and charcoal smuggling in local communities of the central Zagros, Ilam Province
Ali Mahdavi Majid Gholamhosseini Mohamad SalavarziApproximately, 30 percent of rural residents of Ilam County and Holeilan division are engaged in smuggling firewood and preparing charcoal alongside agricultural and livestock activities. Such activities of smuggling firewood and preparing charcoal are the main causes o MoreApproximately, 30 percent of rural residents of Ilam County and Holeilan division are engaged in smuggling firewood and preparing charcoal alongside agricultural and livestock activities. Such activities of smuggling firewood and preparing charcoal are the main causes of the cutting of trees and deforestation in these areas. The purpose of this study is to investigate the factors affecting firewood smuggling and charcoal production in the local communities of Ilam County and Holeilan district and to survey the status of charcoal in the livelihood and income of the villagers in the study area. In this study, the data were collected through a library study and a questionnaire. In the interview section, the attitudes and factors affecting charcoal production were investigated by directly communicating with the studied households. According to the results of factor analysis and examination of items (variables) related to each factor and their factor loadings, three economic-social, legal, and cultural-social factors were identified. The results of factor analysis showed that the first factor (socio-economic) with a specific value of 7.45 had the highest share (62.15%) and the third factor (socio-cultural) with a specific value of 1.15 had the lowest share (9.63%) in total variance explanation. The results of the investigations regarding the status of coal mining in the livelihood system of the studied households showed that each charcoal mining household in the area of Ilam city had 10,800,000 Rials and in Helilan district 11,400,000 Rials on average from the sale of coal in 2019. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
42 - Validating the Pattern of Moral Courage of Senior Managers in Iranian Governmental Organizations
هومن الوندی محمد محمدظاهریThe purpose of this study was to validate the model of moral courage of senior managers in government organizations. The statistical population of the study is all employees of Agricultural Bank in Hamadan province. 345 questionnaires were analyzed .In this applied rese MoreThe purpose of this study was to validate the model of moral courage of senior managers in government organizations. The statistical population of the study is all employees of Agricultural Bank in Hamadan province. 345 questionnaires were analyzed .In this applied research with quantitative approach and survey method in order to validate the only model presented for senior managers' moral courage in Iranian governmental organizations, a pilot questionnaire was designed and then the questionnaire was distributed to 15 research experts. Adjustments were made and after obtaining content validity, 30 items were selected as the main research questionnaire. These questionnaires were then provided to the statistical sample of the study using structural equations to calculate composite, divergent and convergent validity and Confirmatory factor analysis of the first and second order, validity of the original model and hypotheses They were tested .The results of calculations with the help of LISREL software confirm the model and the relationship between its variables. Accordingly, environmental factors are independent variables and affect organizational, individual and managerial factors. Affecting and influencing job factors and as mediating variables affecting the relationship between environmental factors and job factors such as executive suggestions to enhance ethical courage based on the model and its variables for senior managers in organizations. Government provided. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
43 - Presenting a model for developing Islamic organizational culture for education (Case study: cities of Tehran province)
علی صادقی سعید مرادی بتول فقیه آرام علیرضا عراقیه لیلی شریفیانConsidering the third millennium, organizational culture has become a new and controversial topic among sociologists and other related fields, scientists have proposed several models of organizational culture for Eastern society based on Western cultures, which These mo MoreConsidering the third millennium, organizational culture has become a new and controversial topic among sociologists and other related fields, scientists have proposed several models of organizational culture for Eastern society based on Western cultures, which These models are not very compatible with the Islamic principles of Iranian society so the present study was conducted with the aim of presenting the model of organizational culture development based on Islamic principles and descriptive exploratory study with an applied as well as developmental approach. The statistical population of the study was all employees of education departments of Tehran County. A statistical sample of 280 people was selected by purposeful classified sampling method. The data collection materials are included profound library studies and a researcher-made questionnaire. This research is based on a two-stage design. In the first stage, exploratory factor analysis method was used to identify the components and dimensions, and in the second stage, confirmatory factor analysis (smartpls3) was used, and finally the conceptual model along with four methods were evaluated in terms of validity. In the end, the results showed that five dimensions (value, organizational, developmental, human and perspective) have a favorable fit and it was also found that the human dimension and the value dimension are more important. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
44 - Factors Affecting the Satisfaction of Iranian Customers In Online Shopping From Instagram Stores
Bita Garshivaz Milad Padidarfard Mohammad MehrabiounFollowing the outbreak of Coronavirus (Covid-19), online businesses are booming. In order to stay in this highly competitive environment, we are required to satisfy and retain our customers. In this regard, the question arises that what factors affect customer satisfact MoreFollowing the outbreak of Coronavirus (Covid-19), online businesses are booming. In order to stay in this highly competitive environment, we are required to satisfy and retain our customers. In this regard, the question arises that what factors affect customer satisfaction in online shopping from Instagram stores? A similar question has been asked many times by various researchers regarding online shopping from different platforms; however, this article tries to examine these factors about Iranian customers in the "Instagram social network", which currently hosts thousands of Iranian online stores. Accordingly, in this article, using a designed questionnaire and exploratory factor analysis (EFA) via IBM SPSS Statistics 26 software, eight factors have been identified that can be considered by Instagram businesses. Identified factors affecting customer satisfaction from Instagram online shopping are: delivery and responsiveness, quality of visual contents, age and reputation of the store's Instagram page, product information quality, product quality and guarantee, store’s physical and virtual identity , store's Instagram page design, diversity and up-to-date store products. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
45 - Provide a Model for Measuring the Factors Affecting the Promote Social Health
houshang garavandBackground and Aim: Indeed the development of health promotion programs in the community would result in ineffective solutions if social and cultural backgrounds are not considered. Therefore, this study was conducted to provide a model for measuring the factors affecti MoreBackground and Aim: Indeed the development of health promotion programs in the community would result in ineffective solutions if social and cultural backgrounds are not considered. Therefore, this study was conducted to provide a model for measuring the factors affecting social health.method: This research is applied in terms of purpose and in terms of nature is a descriptive-analytic method. The statistical population were the Persons over 20 year’s resident of Lorestan province, equal to 1072186 people. According to Cochran formula, 395 people were selected as multistage random sampling method. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire based on the literature and background of the research. In its construction, the views of experts and also specialists in the field of education and research have been used. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis using SPSS software (PLS) was used for data analysis.Findings and Conclusion: Principal components analysis using varimax rotation yielded a six-factor solution of "believe factors", "socio-economic", "political" "well-being-cultural", "demographic" and "geographical-communication" that jointly accounted for 61.43 percent of the total variance. The next step to explain the concept, confirmatory factor analysis was performed. The results showed Factors affecting the promotion of social health building from six construct latent. Friedman test was used to rank the effective factors, which means "believe factors, socio-economic, well-being-cultural, political, geographical-communication and demographic", respectively, are effective on social health. According to the results, it is suggested that in order to promote social health in adults, believe factors, socio-economic and well-being-cultural factors should be considered. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
46 - Spatial Analysis and Evaluation of Development Indices in Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province (Using Factor Analysis and Cluster Analysis)
Asghar Zarrabi Seyed Ali Mousavi Noor -
Open Access Article
47 - prioritization of factors and categories affecting the demand of foreign tourist
sayyad Irani Heris Majid vali Shariat Panahi bijan rahmaniForeign tourists and tourism demand are important in developing city tourism. Based on this, planners and city managers have always sought to measure tourism demand and identify the factors and categories that affect it and identify and prioritize these factors in order MoreForeign tourists and tourism demand are important in developing city tourism. Based on this, planners and city managers have always sought to measure tourism demand and identify the factors and categories that affect it and identify and prioritize these factors in order to make the planning based on each group And clusters of influential factors in the demand for foreign tourism.The city of Tabriz, with its diverse tourist attractions, is one of the destinations of tourism for foreign tourists. The necessity of optimal development of foreign tourism in Tabriz city is to identify the factors affecting the demand of the city's foreign tourism and its clustering and prioritization. Therefore, the main objective of the study is clustering factors affecting the demand for foreign tourism in Tabriz for strategic planning purposes.For this purpose, through library and field methods, a set of factors influencing Tabriz tourism demand has been identified and after evaluating the amount of these factors through 221 foreign tourists entering the city of Tabriz, a sample from the Cochran formula in this study, Was evaluated and finally, clustered and prioritized through the exploratory factor analysis model. The final results show the main effects of factors such as the quality Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
48 - An analysis of urban livability indicators with the approach of structural equations(Case study: District 1 of Tehran)
hadiseh moazzami goudarzi Ali TavakolanThe high concentration of people and economic activities in urban areas strengthens the relationship between the city, health and environment. From the point of view of the World Health Organization, a livable city is a city in which, with the continuous creation and ex MoreThe high concentration of people and economic activities in urban areas strengthens the relationship between the city, health and environment. From the point of view of the World Health Organization, a livable city is a city in which, with the continuous creation and expansion of physical, social, environmental conditions and the optimal use of existing resources and facilities, an environment is provided in which the people of the society support each other and participate in the group in doing all Life matters, maximize their capabilities. The foundation of the livable city is based on the principle that health is more than medical care. Healthy environment and community cultivation are also key features. The research method is descriptive-analytical. In order to identify the various dimensions of livability in the urban areas of Tehran, using the latest statistics and information and the questionnaire tool in the form of 4 components and among the 10 districts of the first district of Tehran, it was studied and the results were evaluated using the factor analysis model. . The results show that the economic and physical components are good predictors for the livability variable. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
49 - Identifying and explaining the factors affecting the supply chain in Iran's religious tourism industry
jalil toshani parviz saeidi Majid nasiriReligious tourism is one of the most prosperous and diverse types of tourism in the world. And according to the cultural-religious situations, the accessibility of this type of tourism in Iran sets the stage for growth and development among Islamic countries and the wor MoreReligious tourism is one of the most prosperous and diverse types of tourism in the world. And according to the cultural-religious situations, the accessibility of this type of tourism in Iran sets the stage for growth and development among Islamic countries and the world. This research is applied in terms of purpose and in terms of descriptive-survey execution method and correlational type, which was carried out by mixed exploratory method. In the qualitative phase, the research team consists of 30 experts and university professors who have been selected using a targeted method and snowball technique. Also, in the quantitative stage, the statistical population consists of tourism experts , whose number is 2948 people, and 341 people were selected by simple random sampling to determine the sample size based on the Karjesi and Morgan table. The tools of data collection are interviews, documents and questionnaires, and the fuzzy Delphi method was used to identify and rank the dimensions and components. Also, the exploratory factor analysis method was used to fit the model. Based on the data analysis, the research findings showed. Ten main dimensions: accommodation, transportation, visiting centers, reception centers, stores, environment and energy, travel agencies and tours, security and safety, management and economy, information and communication, are the most important factors affecting the supply chain in Iran's religious tourism industry. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
50 - Assessment of Hydrogeochemistry and Groundwater Contamination of Shoush Plain Using Iso-Parameter Maps, Factor and Cluster Analysis
H.R NaseriFactor analysis of the hydrogeochemical data obtained in four rounds of sampling thegroundwater of Shoush plain reveals that the groundwater composition is largelycontrolled by the geochemical processes viz. dissolution, sedimentation and ionicexchange and surface activ MoreFactor analysis of the hydrogeochemical data obtained in four rounds of sampling thegroundwater of Shoush plain reveals that the groundwater composition is largelycontrolled by the geochemical processes viz. dissolution, sedimentation and ionicexchange and surface activities such as agriculture have little effect on it. Amongstothers, gypsum dissolution is the greatest contributer in regional groundwaterevolution since it increases the concentration of calcium, magnesium and sulphate ionson one hand and reduces the alkalinity through the processes of dedolomitization andcalcite deposition. The dendogram resulting from the cluster analysis also indicates thedominance of bicarbonate type in the unconfined aquifer of Shoush plain. Thesimilarity of Iso-EC and Iso-Cl Maps illustrates the effects of evaporation on thegroundwater composition of Shoush plain. Nitrate contamination is localized and is notspread in the Plain while bacterial contamination is associated with human and animalwaste that are diffused from sewage outlets, cesspools and irrigation wastewater intothe environment. Pollution probability increases from NE to SW corresponding to theflow direction of the groundwater. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
51 - Evaluation of groundwater quality of Rokh plain (Torbat-e Heydariyeh) using geostatistic methods
حمید رضا NASERIRokh is a large plain which is located at north east of central desert of Iran. Its climate is semi-arid to arid. Inefficient management, irregular exploitation from underground resources, decreasing of raining which is resulted in decreasing water resources, are consid MoreRokh is a large plain which is located at north east of central desert of Iran. Its climate is semi-arid to arid. Inefficient management, irregular exploitation from underground resources, decreasing of raining which is resulted in decreasing water resources, are considered of concern factors from the viewpoint of quality changes in aquifer of Rokh plain. Using quality data and multi-variant statistical methods (Factor Analysis & Cluster Analysis) quality situation of Rokh plain was analyzed. Concerning the result of factor Analysis, three factors as the most effective factors control 87% of chemical composition of ground water. Geology is the most important factor in quality changes of groundwater in area. Cluster Analysis of variants shows a great similarity in the amount of sodium and chloride ions. In Cluster Analysis of area quality data, Javadyeh area data is always located in different Cluster and has less similarity with other resources, concerning chemical composition. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
52 - Sustainable Urban Development (Case study, Cities in Yazd province)
Malihe Zakerian Akbar ParhizkarThis thesis aims to investigate and analyze the sustainable urban Development ofcities in Yazd province concerning 92 indexed in sections. The method used in thisstudy is descriptive- analytic. To analyze data, quantitative programming models andcomputer soft wares were MoreThis thesis aims to investigate and analyze the sustainable urban Development ofcities in Yazd province concerning 92 indexed in sections. The method used in thisstudy is descriptive- analytic. To analyze data, quantitative programming models andcomputer soft wares were used. According to this study Yazd was known as the mostsustained City and Khezr Abaad was known as the least sustained city, Ranking Citiesas Sustained, semi sustained and not sustained it was recognized that Yazd andmaybod were sustained Cities, Ardakan, Mehrize, Marvast, Haraat. Zarch, AhmadAbaad, Eshgh Abaad, Aghda, Neer, Deyhook, Nodoshan and Khezr Abaad were notSustained. Using multi-Variable regression model it is shown that demographicindexes are of highest priority, economical indexes as the second priority, hygienicindexes as the third priority and economical installation or equipment form,environmental, cultural, communicative and transportation indexes in next levels ofpriority which are suggested for sustainable urban development of cities Yazdprovince respectively, from bottom to the top. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
53 - Investigating the supply of urban housing in the form of neighborhood-based planning(Case study: Arak city)
mohammad najafi abas malekhoseini Majid ShamsProviding housing in the form of neighborhood-oriented, citizen-oriented, law-oriented planning is more important than ever before. On a macro scale, the planning and management of micro-urban units will have better and more tangible and far more presentable and underst MoreProviding housing in the form of neighborhood-oriented, citizen-oriented, law-oriented planning is more important than ever before. On a macro scale, the planning and management of micro-urban units will have better and more tangible and far more presentable and understandable results in improving the quality of life of the citizens of Arak. The aim of the research was to investigate the supply of urban housing in the form of neighborhood-oriented planning in Arak city. The research method is descriptive-analytical and the data is collected by documentary and field method (questionnaire). The statistical population of the research was 384 citizens and 10 specialists, urban affairs experts and university professors related to the subject, who were selected by simple random sampling. In order to determine the validity, the questionnaire was given to professors and experts, and some items were modified with their opinion and its content validity was confirmed. The reliability of the research tool (questionnaire) was evaluated with SPSS software and the Cronbach's alpha test was equal to 0.896. This value is suitable for research tools. Data analysis was done using the factor analysis process. Based on the method of analysis, physical-infrastructural dimensions with coefficient, transportation system, safe housing, environmental, management, local community, identification and location and access respectively, (28/95), (6/16), (7.34), (5.29), (6.83), (6.83), (5.14) and (5.93) percent of the variance explained. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
54 - The application of factor and cluster analysis of country space - place elevation in Fars province
طوبی امیر عضدی حمیدرضا صارمی سوسن عبداللهی Introduction and purpose of research: In geographic studies of province cities due to variation of spatial phenomena and their various features(such as population, extent, geographical area) it is not possible to study seprately, therefore the first st More Introduction and purpose of research: In geographic studies of province cities due to variation of spatial phenomena and their various features(such as population, extent, geographical area) it is not possible to study seprately, therefore the first step to study spatial phenomena of multiple characteristics is to classify them in homogeneous groups. Factor Analysis is one of the most complex and best methods for determining the most important factors which affects on the developement. Research Method: In the peresent research the procedure is combination of correlation, documentation, analytical methods. in this study with using Amarnameh of year1385 of Fars province, 43 indicators of 23 cities of Fars province are break into six departments of industry,agriculture, health, cultural-religious and political-administrative. And in analysis 3 statistical techniques of Z-score, Factor Analysis and Cluster are used. And eventually the results are city classification based on Cluster Analysis method and is presented in the form of map. Findings: Accordingly to the research, 43 chosen indicators were reduced to 6 factors that include 89.5 percent of variances. Among 6 factors social-economic factor is recognized as the best one and covers 59.5% of the variance and is the influential factor in the study. Then with using a Cluster method, cities of Fars province is classified in four homogenous groups in terms of developement levels. the city of Shiraz is in the first group( the most developed Fars province regions) and Farashband, Mrvdasht, Jahrom, Bavanat, Firooz abad, Ghir va karzin, Estahban, Khorambid, Arsanjan, Lamerd, Zarrindasht cities are in fourth group( the most deprived regions of Fars province). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
55 - Factor Analysis of the Effective Factors on Extension and Development of Agricultural Biotechnology Commercialization from Researchers of Research Centers Perspective
Vahideh Birjandi S. mahmoud Hosseini Mohammad Chizari Iraj Malek MohammadiAgricultural biotechnology has an important role in food security, biodiversity protection, decreasing of Agriculture's environmental effects, decreasing of changing climate's effects, eliminating of poverty and hunger. Although, research institutes must commercialize t MoreAgricultural biotechnology has an important role in food security, biodiversity protection, decreasing of Agriculture's environmental effects, decreasing of changing climate's effects, eliminating of poverty and hunger. Although, research institutes must commercialize their new biotechnology's research findings via collaborating with industry, and convert to profitable products for markets, most of them just publishing in scientific journals and aren’t usable for consumers. So, the major purpose of this study was to identify and sort the effective factors on extension and development of agricultural biotechnology commercialization from researchers of research centers perspective. The sample size for the study was 170 biotechnology researchers engaged in governmental agricultural research institutions of Iran and data collected by using a questionnaire. The results of exploratory factor analysis in SPSSWin16 were shown that 53.42% of the variance in the extension and development of agricultural biotechnology commercialization could be explained by five factors including infrastructure, policy, economic, extension-information, and education-human resources Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
56 - Analyzing the Barriers and Challenges of Failure to Achieve the Economic, Social and Cultural Development Goals of the Islamic Republic of Iran in the Agricultural Sector
Golam reza Yavari Vahid AziziThis study aims to investigate the reasons of not achieving the goals of first to fifth programs of social, economic and cultural development of the Islamic republic of Iran in Sector of Agriculture. The statistical population of this study consists of professionals who MoreThis study aims to investigate the reasons of not achieving the goals of first to fifth programs of social, economic and cultural development of the Islamic republic of Iran in Sector of Agriculture. The statistical population of this study consists of professionals who have sufficient information and deep understanding of the case study through Nonprobability Sampling and snowball sampling method, 100 people were identified and studied. Questionnaires were used to collect data. Validity and reliability were confirmed through a panel of specialists and Cronbach's alpha calculation (0.70 to 0.85). Factor analysis method was used to analyze the results. Based on the results, the most important reasons for not achieving the goals of development programs in the agricultural sector respectively are Economic-political barriers, Executive-structural barriers, scientific barriers and Socio-cultural barriers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
57 - Analysis of Education and Extension Barriers to Develop Dehydrated Products Resistance in Khorramabad Township
Hossein Mikhak Mehdi Rahimian Saeed GholamrezaiThe present research is a survey and applied research where the objectives were to analyze the challenges of development of crops resistant to dehydration and to recognize the status of educational and extension barriers among farmers in Khorramabad township. The statis MoreThe present research is a survey and applied research where the objectives were to analyze the challenges of development of crops resistant to dehydration and to recognize the status of educational and extension barriers among farmers in Khorramabad township. The statistical population consisted of two groups of experts in the field of water management and water crops farmers in Khoramabad township in 2016-2017 (N = 7050). From experts 'community of 38 people and from the farmers' society, 202 people were selected by multi-stage sampling method and the required data were collected by a questionnaire. Questionnaire's reliability and validity confirmed respectively through computing Cronbach's alpha coefficient (α=0.761) and content validity. Data analyzed by SPSS software. Based on the results of exploratory factor analysis, barriers to the development of crops resistant to dehydration were classified into four categories: perceptual-attitude, informational-cognitive, service-supportive and educational-promotional. The results of the Mann-Whitney test showed that among the 18 barriers examined, only two barriers to "poor communication between experts and farmers regarding the cultivation of crop resistant crops" and "the lack of up-to-date extension training with site pattern changes" You did not stop developing crop resistant dehydrating products. But the comparison of the average of the presence of any barrier in the region with the average importance of the same obstacle showed that 16 other barriers significantly impeded the development of crops resistant to dehydration in the Khorramabad Township. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
58 - Investigation of Arsenic Anomalies and Its Probable Origins in Maragheh Plain
shahram baikpour Zahra ArghavanBackground and Objective: The objective of this study is evaluating hydrochemical properties of groundwater in Maragheh area, including: Cations, Anions, Total Dissolved Solids, Electrical Conductivity, pH and Heavy metals (As, Fe, Mn) and investigating the statistical MoreBackground and Objective: The objective of this study is evaluating hydrochemical properties of groundwater in Maragheh area, including: Cations, Anions, Total Dissolved Solids, Electrical Conductivity, pH and Heavy metals (As, Fe, Mn) and investigating the statistical relations between these parameters and Probable Origins of contamination. Methods: In order to carry out ground water quality monitoring, and evaluate the controlling processes and to determine cations and anions sources of the groundwater, 34 wells were selected for sampling from July 2014 and April 2015and water quality parameters were measured and sent to the Laboratory Applied Research Center of Geological Survey & Mineral Explorations of Iran (Elburz). Data analysis was performed through SPSS software and Factor Analysis & Pearson correlation coefficient test. Results: The chemical composition of the surface and groundwater is controlled by several processes such as mineral dissolution, increasing evaporation from the aquifer, irrigation return flow, saline water intrusion in the Ajbashir Plain, geological status of the area, anthropogenic inputs. Discussion and Conclusion: The concentration of arsenic based on WHO standard is 10μg/L, while the maximum arsenic concentration in the study area is 308.5μg/L and the mean concentration is 44μg/L. According to the results, it relies that arsenic probable sources can be concerned to industrial waste water in Maragheh and Bonab industrial complex, agricultural activities (using pesticides and insecticides) and geological factors (existence of Shemshak formation), rocks and sediments derived from the erosion of these rocks and coal mines (Khormazard). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
59 - Statistical Assessment of Heavy Metals and Radioactive Elements Built in Sediments and Residual Salts in the Dry Bed of Lake Urmia
Asghar Asghari Moghaddam Fatemeh Nazari Mohsen Moazzen Vartan SimmondsBackground and Objective: In recent years, the water level of Lake Urmia has been increasingly reduced and a huge amount of sediment and salt has remained in its bed. Due to the geology around the lake as well as the effluents and sewage that have entered the lake, harm MoreBackground and Objective: In recent years, the water level of Lake Urmia has been increasingly reduced and a huge amount of sediment and salt has remained in its bed. Due to the geology around the lake as well as the effluents and sewage that have entered the lake, harmful elements have entered the lake water. With the regression of the lake, the complex contaminants in the water have been transferred to the sediments and salts of the lake bed, which in case of possible conversion of these sediments and salts containing hazardous elements into fine dust, will affect the surrounding areas. In this study, the content of heavy harmful metals (As, Cr, Ni, Cu, Pb, Zn, Co, Mn, V, Cd and Hg) and radioactive materials (Th and U) in sediments and salts of Lake Urmia were evaluated. . The purpose of this study is to identify and study the source of contamination of harmful elements in sediments and residual salts in the dried bed of the semi-eastern part and between the passage of Lake Urmia. Method: To investigate, sampling of sediments and surface salts of the lake was done from the eastern and middle part of the lake and the samples were geochemically evaluated and statistically analyzed. Findings: Comparison of the results of the obtained concentrations with the average crust showed that the elements As, Cu, Ni, Co, Hg, Cd, Th and U in the region are more than the average crust. Discussion and Conclusion: The studied elements were examined by statistical evaluations such as correlation coefficient, cluster analysis and factor analysis. The results of all three methods were consistent with each other. According to these results, the origin of U and Hg elements is geology and the origin of other human elements. The main sources of human pollution are from urban and industrial effluents and sewage in the areas around the lake. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
60 - Development of City Prosperity Model in Neighborhoods of Tehran with Emphasis on Quality of Life Component
ghazale rahsepartolooei Farah Habib zahra sadat saeedeh zarabadiBackground and Objective: Nowadays, cities are growing at an unprecedented rate which has caused significant challenges. Among these turbulences, we must seek a comprehensive and fundamental solution to improve the quality of life. The city prosperity model presented b MoreBackground and Objective: Nowadays, cities are growing at an unprecedented rate which has caused significant challenges. Among these turbulences, we must seek a comprehensive and fundamental solution to improve the quality of life. The city prosperity model presented by the United Nations Human Settlements Program in 2012 offers a new approach to urban prosperity and sustainability. This paper while discovering and studying the relationship between city and prosperity indicators, develops the most commonly used model in the world and creates a native model for measuring, identifying opportunities and promoting cities with an emphasis on the quality of life component in urban prosperity approach. Material and Methodology: In the theoretical part, this research has been conducted based on descriptive and analytical methods; and by conducting library studies and analyzing the attitudes associated with the city prosperity model and the concept of quality of life, it attempts to document and extract the components, dimensions and indicators of these two categories. These indicators were tested through 380 questionnaires in neighborhoods of Tehran metropolitan and then, using factor analysis statistical method, significant factors were selected. Findings: Using factor analysis, the 22 main factors of urban prosperity were identified based on the data of the neighborhoods of Tehran. Each of these factors, which have a more semantic and functional relationship, were expressed in the 6 main dimensions of urban prosperity in the proposed model. Finally, the developed and localized model of urban prosperity was presented emphasized on the quality of life component. Discussion and Conclusion: The proposed model can be very effective in achieving sustainable urban development, improving the quality of life and measuring the prosperity status in cities of Iran, It can be presented as a Localized and developed example of the global city prosperity model, which is a reliable measure for reviewing, analyzing and prioritizing urban actions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
61 - Ranking of Indicators of Green Supply Chain Management in the Cellulose Industry Using EDAS-SEM Method
majid nili ahmadabadi omidali adeli ,mohammad cheraghiBackground and Objective: Cellulose industries are closely related to forests and natural resources, and on the other hand, the chemicals used in them are sometimes transferred to nature. Therefore, they can affect the environment in two ways and therefore have an urgen MoreBackground and Objective: Cellulose industries are closely related to forests and natural resources, and on the other hand, the chemicals used in them are sometimes transferred to nature. Therefore, they can affect the environment in two ways and therefore have an urgent need for management with a green approach, especially in the field of supply chain. Achieving this is possible by finding the most effective factors in implementing green supply chain management in this industry, which has been done in this research. In previous similar studies, the weight of the same factors has often been considered, and in addition, the weight of the interviewees has been considered the same when collecting data. In this paper, both problems have been solved by using EDAS-SEM methods and a more valid ranking of the components of green supply chain management in the cellulose industry has been presented.To provide a green supply chain management model in the cellulose industry, including transparent factors and accurate weights so that it can be used to measure the performance of managers in this area and to suggest the most effective factors for future promotion to managers.Material and Methodology: This research is qualitative and survey in how to collect data and quantitative in processing them. In terms of practical purpose and in terms of method, it is mixed. Modeling and analysis methods include entropy, EDAS, SEM. The statistical population is 63 managers of Qom cellulose production industries, for whom a questionnaire was sent in 2019, and 55 were completed. Therefore, sampling method, sample is available. Data collection tool is a questionnaire and data analysis tool is confirmatory factor analysis with partial least squares approach and SmartPLS3 software. Excel was used for entropy and EDAS calculations.Findings: The most important indicators of green supply chain performance in Qom cellulose products industries are selecting suppliers with environmental criteria, determining environmental requirements for purchasing items and auditing compliance with environmental regulations. Also, the weight of managers varies according to the characteristics of the elites. These findings can be generalized to other cellulose industries.Discussion and Conclusion: The proposed model can be used for a better future in the management of the green supply chain of cellulose industries by evaluating the performance of managers in senior and middle levels at the organizational and unit levels. The achievements of this research can also be used to identify the most important factors at each level and allocate future resources to them. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
62 - Explaining factors affecting the formation of sociable spaces in educational environments using factor analysis method: (Case study of academic spaces)
Sayed Ali Sharifian Hossein Moradi Nasab Maryam GhalamborDezfuly vadihe Mulla SalehiBackground and Objective: As a scientific-cultural society, educational-academic space is one of the most important spaces which influences social interactions and possesses its own specific relations and norms. It is because the formation and dynamism of social interac MoreBackground and Objective: As a scientific-cultural society, educational-academic space is one of the most important spaces which influences social interactions and possesses its own specific relations and norms. It is because the formation and dynamism of social interactions among students depend on many individual and environmental factors, with the current article aiming to find the most important environmental factors affecting the formation of social interactions in academic environments.Material and Methodology: Using factor analysis method, this research has tried to explain the factors affecting the formation of social interactions in educational environments. The scope of the study includes three randomly chosen spaces of the University of Tehran, Iran University of Science and Technology and Alzahra University. This study has used SPSS22 in order to analyze data for summarizing variables and independent factors with R and orthogonal factor analysis methods.Findings: The findings show that six factors have an effect on the formation of social interactions in academic environments, which include furniture, comfort and physiological comfort and convenience; security and territory; sports and entrance space; shared open and closed public space; architectural form and pattern; and possibility of face-to-face proximity.Discussion and Conclusion: The results indicate that the factor of furniture, comfort and physiological comfort and convenience is the most vital effective factor affecting the formation of social interactions among university students and the parameter of the kind of space coloring is the most important index with a factor loading of 0.745. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
63 - Problems Sunflower Growers Sonqor with Emphasis on Sunflower Harvesting Machine
Masoomeh Amerian Afsaneh Malekhosini yasin mamarash hadi mamsoltan deh shamsBackground and Objectives: Due to the important role of Sonqor in the production of high quality sunflower and also observed reduce the area under cultivation of this crop in recent years, the present study aimed to investigate the problems were sunflower growers Sonqor MoreBackground and Objectives: Due to the important role of Sonqor in the production of high quality sunflower and also observed reduce the area under cultivation of this crop in recent years, the present study aimed to investigate the problems were sunflower growers Sonqor with an emphasis on sunflower harvesting machine. Materials and Methods: The research method used is descriptive - survey. The statistical society was all sunflower farmers Sonqor (N=300) that among them using Morgan table, 169 persons were selected using the random sampling as the statistical sample. Interview method and questionnaire instrument were used to collect data that Interview method was used to identify questionnaire items. So general approach was study qualitative-quantitative consecutive. For the questionnaire validity of the panel of experts was used and its reliability was evaluated by Cronbach's alpha that appropriate number 0.72 was obtained. To analyze the data was used of factor analysis. Findings: According to the results, 32.1% of sunflower growers were in the age range of 31-40 years and 75% of them had agricultural jobs. 31.2% had middle school education and 2.4% of sunflower growers were very satisfied with their jobs. About 90% of the sunflower growers had moderate to high satisfaction with the sunflower harvesting machine. Results of factorial analysis showed that sunflower growers Sonqor problems in six of the lack of government support, problem selling, planting and harvesting difficult, costly and manual harvesting, marketing problems, and difficulty processing were classified. Discussion and Conclusion: Among the factors, lack of government support has the most important role in explaining problems Sonqor sunflower growers. The basic problems of sunflower growers in this city are the lack of support for agricultural jihad and agricultural research centers, which can play a very important role in increasing the area of cultivation and reducing the harvest waste of this crop. It is important to observe the proportionality between the capacity and the cost of the harvesting machine for supply. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
64 - The Effective Factors on Efficiency of Urban Park (Emphasizing on Its Function and Vitality) The case study: Ellarbaghi park of Urmia city
Hossein Hamidi Naemeh EsmaeelzadeganIntroduction: The citizenry need to do optional and social activities. These activities won't happenunless the demanded public space exists. Function and vitality are indicators of public space'sdesirability and efficiency. Planning and designing functional spaces for c MoreIntroduction: The citizenry need to do optional and social activities. These activities won't happenunless the demanded public space exists. Function and vitality are indicators of public space'sdesirability and efficiency. Planning and designing functional spaces for citizenry leads to fulfill a partof urban engineers and city managers responsibility creating spaces for citizenry activities. Park is oneof the mentioned spaces.Materials & Methods: This analytic and practical article is prepared for determination of effectivefactors on efficiency of urban park by emphasizing function and vitality. Documentary and bibliothecamethod is used to understand theoretical aspects of this observation and research. Catching citizenrypoints of views about Ellarbaghi park of Urmia city are made by questionnaires and "Factor Analysis"method and finally mixed them with Excel and Spss software. " Kendall's tau_b and Spearman's rho "correlation analysis" is also used and considered with hypothetical targets of research.Results: Function, tranquility, cleanness, perspective, appropriate management and collectivity ofpark users are effective factors on efficiency of urban park according to users’ points of view feedbackfrom research circumstances. Examining research hypothesis proves increasing citizenry acquiescencefrom applicability of various activities in the park as well as functionality of park increase urbanpark vitality. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
65 - Comparative Analysis and Quality Assessment of Urban Residential Environment in Navab and Ekbatan Neighborhoods Using HMR and EFA Methods
Mojtaba Rafieian Zahra Asgarizade Farzin Amin SalehiQuality of the environment is part of the overall concept of quality of life (QOL). Quality of the environment is considered to be of minor importance as compared to other aspects of QOL including one's health, family life, work, and social network. Nowadays, decline or MoreQuality of the environment is part of the overall concept of quality of life (QOL). Quality of the environment is considered to be of minor importance as compared to other aspects of QOL including one's health, family life, work, and social network. Nowadays, decline or loss of environmental quality in the urban residential environment is one of the most important crises for urban planners and policy makers. The main goal of the present research is to perfom a comparative study in two residential areas including Navab and Ekbatan neighborhoods. To this end, a questionnaire was used based on satisfaction approach and theoretical model of environmental quality. Data collection was conducted at the study field using a questioner filled in for a sample of 540 residents. Data analysis has been also conducted using the SPSS software and statistical methods such as Hierarchical Multiple Regression (HMR) approach, one sample T test and One Way Anova. Reliability and validity of the questionnaires were tested by Exploratory Factor Analysis and Cronbach's Alpha methods. According to the results, environmental quality in the Navab residential area was lower than 5>98/2>1) Versus(5>23/3>1 the environmental quality in the Ekbatan residential. Results of Hierarchical Multiple Regression show that the environmental hygiene factor in Navab (β=0/657) and the sociability factor in Ekbatan (β=./288) were of top-importance from the residents point of view. The results of Exploratory Factor Analysis show that the experimental model of quality assessment was a good fit for quality evaluation. Results of Cronbach's Alpha in Navab (α=./87) and Ekbatan (α=./86) confirmed the validity of the questionnaire Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
66 - Validating the network policy making model in the field of digital banking in Iran
Mehdi Ghadami Morteza Mousa Khani Sayyed Mehdi Alvani Hamid Reza YazdaniGiven the increasing changes and transformations in various fields, including public policy-making, critics of public administration believe that hierarchical models are not efficient enough to address current challenges. For this reason, in pursuit of new solutions, th MoreGiven the increasing changes and transformations in various fields, including public policy-making, critics of public administration believe that hierarchical models are not efficient enough to address current challenges. For this reason, in pursuit of new solutions, the concept of networking has been entered the field of public administration issues and public policies. Networks make it possible to identify all stakeholders and involve them in the policy-making process. Regarding to the important fact that the digitalization of the economy and following that, the banking industry is one of the phenomena of the present age, the digital banking requires networking public policy-making with keeping actors, stakeholders and influencers in mind.The aim of this study has been the identification and validation of the dimensions and components of the digital banking network policy-making model in the Iran banking system. The research method is using qualitative (focusing on Thematic Analysis) and quantitative analysis techniques (based on the Confirmatory Factor Analysis - CFA). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
67 - Design the model for Glomar Stock Selection in the Tehran Securities Exchange
farzaneh hashemloo hashem nikoumaram taghi torabiThe main purpose of this research is to use the Factor Analysis-Taxonomy method to select the best stock from listed companies in Tehran Stock Exchange. Portfolio Selection is one of the most important issues in the field of finance and there are some models for optimal MoreThe main purpose of this research is to use the Factor Analysis-Taxonomy method to select the best stock from listed companies in Tehran Stock Exchange. Portfolio Selection is one of the most important issues in the field of finance and there are some models for optimal selection. One of the problems of the presented models is to ignore the multiple indexes and dimensions, and to not identify the reasons for the rejection or acceptance of a company in the selection of stocks.In this research, to solve these shortcomings, a taxonomy method, which is a multi-criteria decision-making method, is used. The results showed that 6% of the selected companies, the first priority shares, 68% of the shares with the second priority and 16% of the shares with the third priority and ultimately 10% of the shares with the fourth priority are considered. Finally, the analysis of the findings showed that the stocks with the higher priorities presented by the model only in some years had better performance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
68 - Comparing the superiority of Glomar stock using multi-criteria decision-making models, Taxonomy and PROMETHEE
farzaneh hashemloo hashem nikoumaram taghi torabiThe distribution of capital market resources depends on the presence of market participants, and the main issue we are facing is the decision to allocate resources, the selection of suitable securities for investment, and the formation of optimal stock portfolios. The d MoreThe distribution of capital market resources depends on the presence of market participants, and the main issue we are facing is the decision to allocate resources, the selection of suitable securities for investment, and the formation of optimal stock portfolios. The development of new techniques in operational research and financial science, along with advances in computer science and technology, has led to the emergence of models, including multi-criteria decision-making models for selecting stock portfolios.Based on the fundamental analysis of stock valuation, 18 financial ratios in 6 groups of profitability, liquidity, activity, leverage, market value, and ownership were used to evaluate 30 companies during 2011-2017. Two methods, Taxonomy and PROMETHEE, is done to rank the sample shares and compare the result. The results showed that the ranking of the Shannon- PROMETHEE entropy model in comparison with the taxonomic-factor analysis models has a better prediction of stock returns. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
69 - An Analysis of Financial Crimes in Iran Using Structural Equation Modeling
Ali Reza Amerian Ebrahim Chirani Mohammadhasan Gholizadeh Seyed Mozaffar MirbargKarThe increasing spread of financial crimes and the irreparable economic, and even social and cultural damage they cause, clearly illuminates the necessity of research and analysis in this area and to investigate the causes of such crimes. Therefore, the main issue in thi MoreThe increasing spread of financial crimes and the irreparable economic, and even social and cultural damage they cause, clearly illuminates the necessity of research and analysis in this area and to investigate the causes of such crimes. Therefore, the main issue in this research is the spread of financial crime and its concerns in Iranian society. The researcher seeks to understand financial crime economically and not from a sociological or criminological perspective. Therefore, the overall purpose of the present study is to design and test a model to explain and predict the causes of financial crime to prevent financial deviations. In this regard, a hybrid research approach was used which used the qualitative stage of the theory of grounded theory or the grounded theory and in the quantitative stage the descriptive-survey method. The qualitative findings were analyzed by MAXQDA software and at the end of the qualitative phase the conceptual model of financial crime was extracted. In the quantitative phase, the model was validated using partial least squares structural equation modeling with PLS software. Model fit indices indicate that the data fits well with the conceptual model. In other words, quantitative data fits well with the conceptual model of research and confirms the qualitative data. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
70 - presenting a model to optimize liquidity measures in tehran stock exchange
Alireza Fatemi Iraj Noravesh Farhad Hanifi Mani Sharifiliquidity is a fundamental aspect of stock market efficiency and in terms of methodology , most of the theories related to the structure of financial markets account for the implications of liquidity behavior more than other market characteristics . therefore , the cent Moreliquidity is a fundamental aspect of stock market efficiency and in terms of methodology , most of the theories related to the structure of financial markets account for the implications of liquidity behavior more than other market characteristics . therefore , the central role of market liquidity in the form of prices , and reducing the costs and risks of sustainable development and stability of financial systems is important , so liquidity issue has attracted much attention in recent years in academic studies as well as in important publications . in this research , the criteria of each liquidity type are introduced and the relationship between them is studied . in fact , the main question of this research is what measure is the criterion for the selection of liquidity in tehran stock exchange . the purpose of this thesis is to evaluate and compare liquidity capability and design a model for explaining liquidity measures in tehran stock exchange with emphasis on 11 different measures . for this purpose , a sample of eight firms listed in tehran stock exchange ( tse ) during the period 1380 to 1389 were reviewed . to achieve the goal of this research , factor analysis - vikor 's numerical algorithm which is one of multi - criteria decision making methods is used . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
71 - Predicting financial distress risk of firms listed in Tehran Stock Exchange using factor analysis, decision tree and logistic regression models
Rasoul Tahmasebi Ali Asghar Anvary Rostamy Abbas Khorshidi Seyyed Jalal Sadeghi SharifThis research predicts financial distress of companies listed on Tehran Stock Exchange using Factor Analysis, Decision Tree, and Logistic Regression models. For this purpose, 33 financial ratios have been investigated in the 5-year time horizon. In order to reduce the d MoreThis research predicts financial distress of companies listed on Tehran Stock Exchange using Factor Analysis, Decision Tree, and Logistic Regression models. For this purpose, 33 financial ratios have been investigated in the 5-year time horizon. In order to reduce the dimensions of the data and to find the internal relationship the variables, factor analysis model has been used. Then, the variables according to their relationships with financial distress are classified in eight factors. In the following, the results of the decision tree and the logistic regression models are compared with each other. The results show that both models have the ability to predict financial distress, but the decision tress model has a higher predictive power than the logistic regression model. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
72 - The Demographical Factors Role in Explanation of Retail Investors’ Financial Risk-Tolerance and Their Risk-Taking Behavior
Mohammad Hassan Ebrahimi Sarv Oliya Amin SabunchiAmong the most important concerns of policy makers in monetary and financial markets and particularly in stock exchange are supervising how to make decision and what are the influencing variables on decision making by the activists of this field. The general aim of the MoreAmong the most important concerns of policy makers in monetary and financial markets and particularly in stock exchange are supervising how to make decision and what are the influencing variables on decision making by the activists of this field. The general aim of the current study is to investigate the role of demographic factors in explaining the risk tolerance of real investors and their risk-taking behavior. The main question of this research is to identify the impact of demographic factors such as: gender, age, marital status, education, job status and income on the level of risk tolerance and risk-taking of real investors. The statistical population of the present study was real people who are active on the stock exchange. The sample size was 384 individuals. In addition to expert opinions, factor analysis was used to confirm validity and reliability. Finally, in order to demonstrate the validity of the research model findings, the fitting indexes of structural equation models were used by partial least squares method. The results of current study revealed that the level of risk tolerance and risk taking for men is more than women. In addition, age, education, job status and income have significant effect on level of risk tolerance and risk taking. The results also indicated that marital status has no significant effect on risk tolerance and risk taking. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
73 - Dietary pattern and risk of prostate cancer
جمال رحمانی محمد عطاییFactor analysis was conducted over two dietary patterns were identified. Western dietary pattern with high consumption of sweets, jams and preserves, mayonnaise, soft drinks, salty snacks, solid fats, high fat dairy products, fried potatoes, Ama’ and viscera, meat MoreFactor analysis was conducted over two dietary patterns were identified. Western dietary pattern with high consumption of sweets, jams and preserves, mayonnaise, soft drinks, salty snacks, solid fats, high fat dairy products, fried potatoes, Ama’ and viscera, meat and processed foods, tea and coffee , a healthy diet with a higher intake of refined grains and cooking oils, legumes, nuts, fruits, poultry and fish, whole grains, eggs, vegetables and low-fat dairy Bvd.ps adjusting for the impact of possible turbulence earn higher scores the Western pattern diet significantly (P <0.05) were associated with increased risk of prostate cancer (odds ratio 2.33; 95% CI, 9/4 to 1/1) in front earn a high score of a healthy diet significant relationship (P <0.05) with a reduced risk of prostate cancer (OR = odds of 25/0, 95%, 53/0 to 11/0). lower risk of prostate cancer.People with a diet rich in refined grains close to the Western dietary pattern, red and processed meat and high-fat and fried food more risk of prostate cancer versus those who risk their diet is closer to a healthy diet lower risk of prostate cancer. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
74 - Analysis of Rural Tourism Development (RTD) in Iran
Reza Dinpanah Navid Naeimian -
Open Access Article
75 - Obstacles to sustainable development of tourism in the coastal city Tonekabon
Soda Mohamadi Delband Sara Ghahri Lalkallo Frahnaz Khadem Fasghandis -
Open Access Article
76 - Tone management pattern (writing tone) and its relationship with financial reporting readability (content analysis and SEM)
rohalla vafaei poor mostafa ghasemi abdolreza mohseniThe linguistic features of the information provided and the type of writing of the financial statements (tone) can facilitate the achievement of the goals of conveying financial and economic facts and validating them financially. The eloquence and rhetoric used in the r MoreThe linguistic features of the information provided and the type of writing of the financial statements (tone) can facilitate the achievement of the goals of conveying financial and economic facts and validating them financially. The eloquence and rhetoric used in the reports is important for understanding quantitative information. In this regard, the present study was conducted with the aim of presenting a tone management model (reporting tone) and examining its relationship with the readability of financial reporting. This study is an exploratory mixed research, in the qualitative part, using thematic analysis technique and based on semi-structured interviews with 20 members of the chartered accountant community in Tehran and Shiraz, to present a qualitative model of tone management (reporting tone).has been discussed, and in the quantitative part, confirmatory factor analysis was used using a 30-question researcher-made questionnaire, in order to check the validity of the proposed qualitative model.In the theme analysis section, 19 basic themes, 3 organizing themes and one overarching theme were identified. Also, the results of the confirmatory factor analysis technique confirmed the fit of the proposed model. In addition, the result of the structural equation modeling technique showed that tone management (reporting tone) has an inverse and significant effect on the readability of financial reporting.Using tone management for informational purposes can help to improve the readability of financial reports and fundamental information of companies since the figures are not able to fully reflect economic realities due to inherent limitations or limitations in accounting standards. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
77 - Investigating the Reliability and Validity of the Power of Food Scale (PFS)
emad ashrafi mohsen kachooei mahsa ghazaghiThe present study aimed at investigating the reliability and validity of the Power of Food Scale (PFS) (Lowe, Butryn, Didie, Annunziato, Thomas et al., 2009) among Iranian students. 701 students, as participants, completed PFS, external eating subscale of Dutch Eating B MoreThe present study aimed at investigating the reliability and validity of the Power of Food Scale (PFS) (Lowe, Butryn, Didie, Annunziato, Thomas et al., 2009) among Iranian students. 701 students, as participants, completed PFS, external eating subscale of Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire (DEBQ) (Van Strien, Frijters, Bergers & Defares, 1986) and the Restraint Scale (RS) (Herman & Polivy, 1980). To evaluate validity of the scale construct, confirmatory factor analysis was used. Also, Pearson correlation was used to establish convergent and discriminant validity between PFS and the External Eating subscale of DEBQ, and between PFS and RS. The results of the confirmatory factor analysis showed that the current model of PFS along with three subscales and a total aggregate score fit the data well. PFS Cronbach’s alpha was 0.88 and a four-month test-retest PFS score was 0.65. Also, correlations between PFS and External Eating Subscale of DEBQ (r=0.67 P < 0.01) PFS and RS (r=0.24 P < 0.01) indicated an appropriate convergent and discriminant validity. The Power of Food Scale (PFS) is a brief and useful tool developed to assess the psychological impact of today food-abundant environments. This scale can be used to study eating behavior and also differences between homeostatic and hedonic hunger. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
78 - The Reliability, Validity and Factor Structure of the Revised Islamic Scale of Envy (ISE-R)
Abbas Ali Haratiyan Mohammad Reza Ahmadi ابوالقاسم ولی زادهThe present research was conducted to evaluate the reliability and validity of the revised version of the original Islamic Scale of Envy. This is a correlational research, in which from 30000 college students associated with the Consultation Department of the Supreme Le MoreThe present research was conducted to evaluate the reliability and validity of the revised version of the original Islamic Scale of Envy. This is a correlational research, in which from 30000 college students associated with the Consultation Department of the Supreme Leader’s Office at universities, 1918 persons were randomly selected. The students completed the original test of Envy Scale (Vali-Zadeh, 2010/1389s.c.). For the validity of the scale, factor analysis methods (exploratory and confirmatory) and concurrent validity were used. Factor analysis of the data showed that the revised form of the Islamic Scale of Envy have four factors (including sense of irritation by others’ success, sense of deprivation and inferiority, tendency to deprive others of their blessings, and sorrow of being compared) and have a good concurrent validity. To avaluate the reliability of the scale, internal consistency was measured by Cronbach’s Alpha yielding 0.93 which means a highly reliable scale. Based on findings of the reseach, it can be concluded that this questionnaire has a high reliability and validity, which can assist us in investigating people’s temperamental and personality envy-related traits and it can be employed for clinical activities and future studies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
79 - Factor structure, Validity and Reliability of the Maternal Emotional Styles Questionnaire (MESQ)
Hamideh Soleimani Layya BashashThis research intends to examine the psychometric properties of the Maternal Emotional Styles Questionnaire (MESQ) amongst mothers. The research method was descriptive-survey and validation through developing an instrument and reliability assessment. The sample consis MoreThis research intends to examine the psychometric properties of the Maternal Emotional Styles Questionnaire (MESQ) amongst mothers. The research method was descriptive-survey and validation through developing an instrument and reliability assessment. The sample consisted of 400 mothers selected by cluster multi-stage random sampling method. Measuring instruments were the Maternal Emotional Styles Questionnaire (MESQ) (Lagacé-Séguin & Copla, 2005), and Strength, and Difficult Questionnaire (SDQ) (Gooodman, 1997). Data analysis was done using SPSS and Amos software’s version 16. The (MESQ) demonstrated high internal consistency. A re-administration of the measure 1 month later yielded high correlation (P < 0.001). The scale was assessed using factor analysis and principle component method (KMO = 0.78). In total, these two factors accounted for 45.44% of the total variance. Confirmative factor analysis approved the results of exploratory factor analysis. In addition, this model was found fit with the data. Pearson’s correlation between (MESQ) and (SDQ) were respectively confirming their convergent and divergent validity. Results of this study showed that Farsi version of (MESQ) has good psychometrics particularity in measuring mother’s emotional styles. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
80 - Investigating the Reliability and Validation of Luchiano and His Collegues` Thought Control Ability Questionnaire
hajar barati hamidreza oreyziAccording to pervious researches it seems that thought control ability is a one-dimensional trait and it differs from one person to another. The aim of the current study was to investigate the reliability and validation of Thought Control Ability Questionnaire –TCAQ- (L MoreAccording to pervious researches it seems that thought control ability is a one-dimensional trait and it differs from one person to another. The aim of the current study was to investigate the reliability and validation of Thought Control Ability Questionnaire –TCAQ- (Luchiano et al., 2005) among students. The statistical population of the study included all the students of psychology and educational sciences, in the University of Isfahan. 275 students were selected as sample through simple random sampling and responded to TCAQ and Penn State Worry Questionnaire-PSWQ-(Meyer et al., 1990). Factor analysis and correlation coefficient used for analyzing data. Findings indicated that factor analysis with one dimension explains 43.7 percent of variance and the factor loadings of 23 items is higher than 0.59 (P < 0.01) and therefore suitable. Concurrent validity of Thought Control Ability Questionnaire with Penn State Worry Questionnaire was confirmed (P < 0.01). Also, the results showed that men compared to women and old people compared to younger people have higher thought control (P < 0.01). According to findings, researchers can use a new and short instrument that makes comparing and assessing individual’s thought control easier. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
81 - Standardization and Study of the Psychometric Properties of Randolph Attachment Disorder Questionnaire
Mahsa Movahed Abtahi Shole Amiri Golita EmsakiThe purpose of the present study was standardization and study of the psychometric properties of Randolph Attachment Disorder Questionnaire in Isfahan. This study was a survey research and was implemented among 7 to 12 year old students of Isfahan. Among statistical p MoreThe purpose of the present study was standardization and study of the psychometric properties of Randolph Attachment Disorder Questionnaire in Isfahan. This study was a survey research and was implemented among 7 to 12 year old students of Isfahan. Among statistical population, 340 students were selected using multistage sampling, and their parents responded to the items in Randolph Attachment Disorder Questionnaire . Due to percentile ranks and ROC table, the score of 30 was selected as the best cut off point which was equal to percentile rank 90. The face validity and construct validity of the questionnaire was approved by experts. The discriminant validity was studied using discriminant analysis. The reliability was desirable (0.83) using Cronbach’s alpha. Exploratory factor analysis approved 3 distinct factors in the questionnaire structure that were titled as bullying, impulsiveness and antisocial behaviors. According to the results obtaining from the validity and reliability analysis of Randolph attachment disorder questionnaire, this instrument is reliable and valid and is capable to be used in Iranian society in order to investigate attachment disorder. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
82 - Reliability, Validity and Factor Structure of Marital Jealousy Scale on the Use of the Social Networking Sites in the Married Staff of University of Kashan, Iran
Masoud Kiani zadeh MelaliThe objective of this research was to evaluate the reliability, validity and factor structure of marital jealousy scale on the use of the social networking sites (SNS). The research method was psychoanalysis and statistical population was the married men\women who MoreThe objective of this research was to evaluate the reliability, validity and factor structure of marital jealousy scale on the use of the social networking sites (SNS). The research method was psychoanalysis and statistical population was the married men\women who employee of University of Kashan, and that use social network sites daily, and from them 223 persons were selected using simple random sampling. The participants completed the Muise, Christofides, and Desmarais, SNS Jealousy Scale (2009) and Farrugia Partner Surveillance Scale (2013). For the validity of the scale, exploratory factor analysis methods and convergent validity were used. Factor analysis of the data showed that the SNS Jealousy have four factors (including sense of infidelity, suspicion, tendency in surveillance, and sense of apprehension) and have a good convergent validity (p<0/01). Correlation between tendency in surveillance subscale and Partner Surveillance Scale indicated an appropriate convergent validity (r=0/53, p<0/01). To evaluate the reliability of the scale, internal consistency was measured by Cronbach’s Alpha yielding 0.95 which means a highly reliable scale. Based on findings of the research, it can be concluded that this scale has a high reliability and validity, which can assist us in investigating marital Jealousy on the use of the social networking sites and it can be employed for future studies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
83 - Psychometric properties of active procrastination scale among students at Kharazmi University in Karaj
sana panahipour mehdi arabzadeh Fereshte CheraghiThe aim of this study was to investigate of psychometric properties of the active Procrastination scale, including reliability, validity and confirmatory factor analysis in order to prepare the test for Educational and cognitive research. This descriptive-correlation st MoreThe aim of this study was to investigate of psychometric properties of the active Procrastination scale, including reliability, validity and confirmatory factor analysis in order to prepare the test for Educational and cognitive research. This descriptive-correlation study was a type of validation and the sample size of this study was 273 students (127 girls and 146 boys) selected through random cluster sampling among Students at Kharazmi University and they were tested by the Active Procrastination and Passive Procrastination scale. The results of the confirmatory factor analysis confirm that the structure of the scale has an acceptable fit with the data. Internal consistency in term of the ordinal Theta and cronbach’s alpha coefficients in the sample group has been computed and confirmed. The Results of factor analysis, conducted in the main culture, reliability and validity coefficients were similar to the previous studies. According to the psychometric property, this present scale can be applied in Active procrastination research. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
84 - Construction and standardization of Wisdom Measuring Questionnaire (WMQ) for high school students in Isfahan
mohammad ali salmani ardani Mansoureh Shahriari Ahmadi mahdi davaeeThis study has been written with the aim of introducing a questionnaire to measuring of students' level of wisdom. The present study is a part of development-applied research in terms of purpose and descriptive-survey type in terms of data collection method. The statist MoreThis study has been written with the aim of introducing a questionnaire to measuring of students' level of wisdom. The present study is a part of development-applied research in terms of purpose and descriptive-survey type in terms of data collection method. The statistical population in this study included all adolescent students of girls 'and boys' high schools in Isfahan in the number of 52813 people in the academic year 1397-98. Cluster random sampling method was used and 400 people were included in the main sample. Factor analysis, content validity and construct validity were used to evaluate the validity of the questionnaire. Data were analyzed using Spss and AMOS software using correlation coefficient, heuristic and confirmatory factor analysis. The KMO value (0.892) indicated the adequacy of sampling. The results of factor analysis showed that the eight factors of general wisdom, religious wisdom, emotional wisdom, human wisdom, spiritual wisdom, moral wisdom, social wisdom and scientific wisdom and special values higher than one could have been 71.494% of the variance of items. The reliability of the questionnaire in terms of Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.895 and for the first factors (general wisdom) 0.756, the second factor (religious wisdom) 0.727, the third factor (emotional wisdom) 0.715, the fourth factor (human wisdom) 0.712, the fifth factor (spiritual wisdom) 0.700, the sixth factor (moral wisdom) 0.702, the seventh factor (social wisdom) 0.680 and The eighth factor (scientific wisdom) was calculated 0.672.The results of the first-order confirmatory factor analysis showed that the model fit index is at a desirable level. In general, the results of the validity study and the calculation of the reliability of the questionnaire and the coordination of the components with each other and with the total score, show that the questionnaire is sufficient and is a suitable tool for assessing the wisdom of adolescent students. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
85 - Psychometric Qualities of Principals' Emotions Inventory: Reliability and Validity in an Iranian Elementary and High school Principal
Mohammad Koohi Hossein Kadkhoda haadi keramati parvin kadivar Ferydoon Bayan Jam JahEmotions are central to all aspects of human experience and are an integral part of principals' jobs and lives. Due to the nature of their job, elementary and high school principals need to be aware of their own and others' emotions and manage their emotions. MoreEmotions are central to all aspects of human experience and are an integral part of principals' jobs and lives. Due to the nature of their job, elementary and high school principals need to be aware of their own and others' emotions and manage their emotions. These observations suggest that the emotional aspect of leadership warrants further investigation. The present study aimed to validate the Principals' Emotions Inventory (Chen, 2020). The statistical population of the study was all elementary and high school principals in Mashhad who were engaged in management in the academic year 2020-2021. The sample size determined 450 people based on Cochran's formula. Participants were selected by the available sampling method. Principals' Emotions Inventory, after translation and validation, was distributed and completed electronically and in pencil and paper format among the research sample. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to determine the validity of the structure and the alpha coefficient was used for reliability. The results confirmed the fit of the model and the structure of the internal relations of the items. The alpha coefficient for the Principals' Emotion Inventory was equal to 0.85 and for the factors of enjoyment (0.88), pride (0.96), frustration (0.86), anxiety (0.85), and hopelessness (0.89). The results showed that the principals' emotions inventory has acceptable psychometric properties and can be used as a valid instrument in the study of principal emotions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
86 - Development, Validation, and Standardization of the Rationality-Emotionality Test and Studying Its Relationship with Decision-Making in Maskan Bank Staff
khosro Rashid Fazlolah Hasanvand Maedeh Ataei Ahmad BayatThe aim of this research was to develop, validate, and standardize the Rationality-Emotionality Test and studying its relationship with decision-making ability in Maskan Bank staff. At first, a list of appropriate behaviors to measure the desired characteristics were pr MoreThe aim of this research was to develop, validate, and standardize the Rationality-Emotionality Test and studying its relationship with decision-making ability in Maskan Bank staff. At first, a list of appropriate behaviors to measure the desired characteristics were prepared. After confirming the content validity, in order to aware and inhibit the probable problems, 50 people completed the questionnaire and highlighted unclear phrases and words. Then, some of the items were deleted or modified and the final test was prepared. 1024 persons of Maskan Bank staff answered Rationality-Emotionality Test and Decision-Making Scale. The data analyzed by Lisrel software, and descriptive analysis, Pearson correlation, and exploratory factor analysis were calculated. The findings showed that the developed test measures four factors called: personal control, affective impression, patience, and neuroticism. By Cronbach's alpha, the reliability of the whole test was 0.86 and for personal control, affective impression, patience, and neuroticism was 0.78, 0.69, 0.65 and 0.63 respectively. The mean and standard deviation of the test were 67.002 and 12.63 respectively. According to the reliability and validity, it can be said that the Rationality-Emotionality Test is an appropriate tool for measuring the level of rationality or emotionality of individuals. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
87 - Development and Initial Validation of Foreign Language Anxiety Scale (FLAS)
Foroogh Mahigir -
Open Access Article
88 - Developing and Validating an English Language Teacher Commitment Questionnaire (ELTCQ) in Iran High Schools
Akram Bagheri Masood Siyyari Mojgan RashtchiThe notion of teacher commitment has grabbed much attention in the mainstream, and L2 teacher education as teaching has become more complex by recent sociocultural changes in educational practices. Consequently, several instruments have been developed to operationalize MoreThe notion of teacher commitment has grabbed much attention in the mainstream, and L2 teacher education as teaching has become more complex by recent sociocultural changes in educational practices. Consequently, several instruments have been developed to operationalize the construct. The instruments developed so far have addressed the construct generically. To be sure, this line of inquiry is still untouched in the ELT profession. The present exploratory mixed methods study attempted to develop a questionnaire to measure English language teachers’ commitment. In doing so, an initial 61-item questionnaire was developed conducting a comprehensive literature review and using interviews with domain experts and English language teachers. Then the trial instrument was administered to a sample of 352 teachers for Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA), reducing the instrument to 32 items. The subsequent Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) obtained from another sample of 577 individuals substantiated a seven-factor model as a robust and valid tool for measuring English language teacher commitment. The seven-factor model of teacher commitment included cognitive language teaching ability, language classroom environment, job satisfaction, opportunities for professional development, language teaching planning and support, language teaching self-image and beliefs, and language teaching exhaustion. ELTCQ can be used for measuring English teachers’ commitment. Researchers, administrators, and teacher trainers can use the questionnaire to improve the quality of in-service courses and examine teacher qualities for future professional predictions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
89 - Habitat potential modeling of Astragalus gossypinus using ecological niche factor analysis and logistic regression (Case study: summer rangelands of Baladeh, Nour)
Farhad Borna Reza Tamartash Mohammadreza Tatian Vahid GholamiThis study has been done with the purpose of modeling and prediction of the habitat Astragalus gossypinus map using Logistic regression (LR) and Ecological niche factor analysis (ENFA) in summer rangelands of Baladeh, Nour in Mazandaran province. To achieve this o MoreThis study has been done with the purpose of modeling and prediction of the habitat Astragalus gossypinus map using Logistic regression (LR) and Ecological niche factor analysis (ENFA) in summer rangelands of Baladeh, Nour in Mazandaran province. To achieve this objective, environmental map variables were prepared with the help of ArcGIS®9.3 techniques in cell size of 10 × 10. Also, 80 site as well as the presence or absence of species was recorded by sampling classified-random. For each sampling site was recorded information about the presence or absence of species and environmental variables, and the relationship between species distribution and environmental factors was determined by using logistic regression and ecological niche factor analysis, and forecast maps the distribution of the Astragalus gossypinus was produced in the study area. According to LR results, Elevation, pH, organic carbon, average temperature of the wet season and average temperature during the dry season were the most important environmental factors influencing the distribution of the species. According to this model, variable aspect, sand Percent, TNV of soil, precipitation in the wet season and average temperature during the coldest season were used as influential environmental variables. Evaluate the correctness statistical models were performed by using the kappa coefficient and ROC area under the curve plots. Value indices, respectively 0.42 and 0.78 for the logistic regression model and 0.84 and 0.92 for the ecological niche factor analysis, which represents that profile model shows higher accuracy than the discrimination group models in the study area. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
90 - Spatial analysis of chemical parameters affecting groundwater quality using factor analysis and geostatistical methods (Case study: Bayza-Zarghan plain)
Hossein Behzadi Karimi Kamal OmidvarThe aim of this study was to determine the most important variables affecting the quality of groundwater in the Bayza-Zarghan plain by using factor analysis technique and estimation of spatial distribution of quality parameters in ArcGIS software. Data of 12 water quali MoreThe aim of this study was to determine the most important variables affecting the quality of groundwater in the Bayza-Zarghan plain by using factor analysis technique and estimation of spatial distribution of quality parameters in ArcGIS software. Data of 12 water quality parameters related to 27 wells were collected in summer, 2013. After normalizing the data, using factor analysis (FA), of hardness, salinity and water acidity, that accounted for 90% of the total variance in the data. The share of variables in each factor was determined after Varimax rotation, and two parameters with the most significant correlation with its factor was determined for each factor. The first factor, TH and Mg, the second factor, SAR and Na, and the third factor, pH and HCO3 were selected as the most important parameters in groundwater quality in the region. The results of definitive and geostatistical methods for estimating the above parameters were analyzed using the statistical criterion of RMSe. The results showed that for all variables other than pH, COKriging method is the most appropriate method. For TH and Mg, the G-Bessel model, for SAR and Na, the Rational-Quadratic model, for HCO3, the Exponential model, and for pH, the IDW model with power 1, had a lower error and increased the accuracy of the prediction significantly. Spatial zoning maps for the quality parameters indicated that TH, Mg, SAR and Na parameters reach the highest density in the southeast and the lowest density in the north of the plain. The pH changes show that its value is higher in the Banish area in north of the plain than in other areas. And in terms of HCO3, the northeastern and southern regions of the region are in poor condition. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
91 - Evaluation of soil salinity by analyzing Landsat-8 images and field Observations (Case study: Behesht-e- Gomshodeh, Fars province)
Mohamad Kazemi Fariborz Mohammadi Ali Reza NafarzadeganSoil salinity is considered as one of the potential environmental hazards. The purpose of this study was to find the best index and the most suitable relationship for estimating soil salinity and its mapping using remote sensing data. At the first step, random sampling MoreSoil salinity is considered as one of the potential environmental hazards. The purpose of this study was to find the best index and the most suitable relationship for estimating soil salinity and its mapping using remote sensing data. At the first step, random sampling was performed using fishnet method and surface soil electrical conductivity (EC) measurements. Then, the threshold levels (92%, 95%, and 98%) were applied to the output images of each indicator. The methodology included using the least squares fitting (LS-fit) technique and principal components analysis (PCA) for halite and gypsum minerals, determining the correlation between the output of indices and ground data, and performing clustering and factor analysis between EC and output images. In order to select the best model derived from Landsat-8 band combinations and the amount of salinity, collinearity test, Durbin-Watson test, and backward multivariate regression were employed. The Cohen‘s kappa coefficient was also applied to evaluate the multivariate regression formed by Landsat-8 bands. The performance of the indicators was evaluated based on four criteria of root mean square error (RMSE), mean bias error (MBE), mean absolute error (MAE) and R-squared (R2). The results of the factor analysis showed the smallest distance between the EC, salinity index (SI) and brightness index (BI). The SI with an amount of 0.89 had the highest Pearson correlation with EC. In the dendrogram diagram, SI index with EC was placed in a cluster, and the RMSE, MBE, MAE and R2 values of the SI index were estimated to be 0.16, 0.11, 0.12, and 0.76, respectively. Compared to the rest of the indicators and linear, multivariate regression (with Cohen‘s kappa coefficient of 60%,), the SI index has provided better outcomes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
92 - Determining the potential habitat of Astragalus gossypinus Fischer in west region of Isfahan, using ecological niche factor analysis
Hamed Sangoony Hamid Reza Karimzadeh Mohammad Reza Vahabi Mostafa Tarkesh esfahaniAstragalus gossypinus Fischer is one of the most important range plants in west region of Isfahan, which is very critical for soil conservation and people's economic life. Nevertheless, the grazing pressure and overuses cause habitat destruction. This study has been don MoreAstragalus gossypinus Fischer is one of the most important range plants in west region of Isfahan, which is very critical for soil conservation and people's economic life. Nevertheless, the grazing pressure and overuses cause habitat destruction. This study has been done for determination of its potential habitat in Lenjan and Flavarjan parishes of Isfahan province. To achieve this purpose, spatial data of this specie's presence used as suitable places for its growth and the environmental condition (Climate, Soil & Physiographic) used for recognition of its habitat's necessities. Soil data turned to soil maps using antecedent studies and interpolating soil profile points. Climatic and physiographical data have been prepared as well and got ready to be imported to the ultimate model. By importing the information layers in ENFA model and using harmonic mean analysis in Biomapper software; the map of Astragalus gossypinus potential habitat has been created. The results show that gravel percentage, soil potassium, saturated moisture, electrical conductivity and annual precipitation are the most important factors in habitat choosing by Astragalus gossypinus in study area. 25300 hectares of the study site are potential habitat of Astragalus gossypinus which is 16 percent of the study site. To evaluate the verity of this model, Boyce's index has been used and model rectitude in this test was determined 85.2 percent. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
93 - Evaluating the Factors Affecting on Credit Ratings of Accepted Corporates in Tehran Securities Exchange by Using Factor Analysis and AHP
Ahmad Mohammaddoost Mir Feiz Falah Shams Dialestani Madjid Eshaghi Gordji Ali Ebadian -
Open Access Article
94 - Identifying the Effective Factors on Investors' Behavior and Developing a Measurement Model
Eslam Shafeie noghlebari Seyed mozaffar Mirbargkar Ebrahim Chirani mohamad Reza vatanparast -
Open Access Article
95 - Detection of metallic prospects using staged factor and fractal analysis in Zouzan region, NE Iran
Hamed Abdoli Sereshgi Alireza Ganji افشین اشجع اردلان Habibollah Torshizian جعفر طاهری -
Open Access Article
96 - Geochemical exploration for Li in regional scale utilizing Staged Factor Analysis (SFA) and Spectrum-Area (S-A) fractal model in north central Iran
Farshid Koohzadi Peyman Afzal Davood Jahani Mohsen Pourkermani -
Open Access Article
97 - Identification of Geochemical Distribution of REEs Using Factor Analysis and Concentration-Number (C-N) Fractal Modeling in Granitoids, South of Varcheh 1:100000 Sheet, Central Iran
Davoud Pirdadeh Beyranvand Mohammad Ali Arian Taher Farhadinejad Afshin Ashja Ardalan -
Open Access Article
98 - Geochemical Evaluation of Drinking Water in Arak City, Iran
Feridon Ghadimi Mohammad GhomiThis paper presents results of an assessment of dominant hydro-geochemical processes controlling groundwater chemical composition, using an integrated application of cluster analysis and factor analysis. The area is located in south of saline playa and in Arak city. Clu MoreThis paper presents results of an assessment of dominant hydro-geochemical processes controlling groundwater chemical composition, using an integrated application of cluster analysis and factor analysis. The area is located in south of saline playa and in Arak city. Cluster analysis classified samples into two main clusters according to their dominant chemical composition: cluster A (dominant composition: Ca, Cl and SO4) and cluster B (dominant composition: Ca–HCO3). These clusters were in turn described by factor analysis. Results of factor analysis and geochemical interpretation suggest that spatial variation of groundwater quality in the area is influenced by different processes: Analyses revealed three major sources of variation in groundwater composition: carbonat and silicate mineral weathering, saltwater intrusion and anthropogenic contamination. Factor 1 shows processes of dissolution of C and SO4 evaporative salts (for samples close to Arak playa). Factor 2 exhibits strong positive correlation in Zn and Cu and show anthropogenic or industrial sources. Factor 3 exhibits HCO3 and NO3 and is resulted from weathering of carbonate and silicat minerals by percolating water and disposal of domestic wastes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
99 - Separation of Geochemical Anomalies Using Factor Analysis and Concentration-Number (C-N) Fractal Modeling Based on Stream Sediments Data in Esfordi 1:100000 Sheet, Central Iran
Peyman Afzal Afshar Zia Zarifi Behnam SadeghiThe aim of this study is separation of Fe2O3, TiO2 and V2O5 anomalies in Esfordi 1:100,000 sheet which is located in Bafq district, Central Iran. The analyzed elements of stream sediment samples taken in the area can be classified into 5 groups (factors) by factor analy MoreThe aim of this study is separation of Fe2O3, TiO2 and V2O5 anomalies in Esfordi 1:100,000 sheet which is located in Bafq district, Central Iran. The analyzed elements of stream sediment samples taken in the area can be classified into 5 groups (factors) by factor analysis. The Concentration–Number (C-N) fractal model was used for delineation of the Fe2O3, TiO2 and V2O5 thresholds. According to the thresholds, the distribution of elemental concentration for Fe2O3 and TiO2 were divided to four lassifications and V2O5 has five geochemical populations in the area. Based on correlation between obtained results with geological and remote sensing data, the results show that the major anomalies of Fe2O3, TiO2 and V2O5 and related factor are mostly situated around granitic/rhyolitic rocks, iron alterations and along faults. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
100 - Explaining the Factors Promoting the Development of Conservation Agriculture، Using Factor Analysis (Case Study: Boukan County)
Amir Hmaekhani Loghman Rashidpour Solieman RasouliazarSustainability of agriculture requires a change from conventional methods to efficient methods that, while meeting the growing demand for food, take into account the security of future opportunities and maintain the quality and quantity of natural resources, including s MoreSustainability of agriculture requires a change from conventional methods to efficient methods that, while meeting the growing demand for food, take into account the security of future opportunities and maintain the quality and quantity of natural resources, including soil. The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors promoting the development of conservation agriculture of of Boukan County in West Azerbaijan province. This research was descriptive-survey. Statistical population of the study was included all leading farmers of Boukan county (N: 85) that out of them, 70 sample were selected by Cochran Formula. The researcher-made questionnaire was used for data gathering that’s validity and reliability was confirmed by experts and Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.82. The research questionnaire consisted of factors facilitating conservation agriculture. The results of factor analysis showed that six factors included; infrastructure, educational, planning, economic and technological could explain about 73% of the variance of the factors promoting conservation agriculture. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
101 - Factor Analysis of Factors Affecting the Improvement of Apple Marketing in West Azerbaijan Province
Kaziveh Chalabi Solieman Rasouliazar Loghman RashidpourThe aim of this study was to investigate the factors affecting the improvement of apple marketing in West Azerbaijan province using factor analysis method. The statistical population of the study includes all gardeners in West Azarbaijan province, of which 39315 are gar MoreThe aim of this study was to investigate the factors affecting the improvement of apple marketing in West Azerbaijan province using factor analysis method. The statistical population of the study includes all gardeners in West Azarbaijan province, of which 39315 are gardeners. Krejcie and Morgan table were used to determine the sample size (n=360). The present study method is descriptive-survey and in order to collect information from a researcher-made questionnaire, its validity was assessed by obtaining the opinions of a group of experts and necessary modifications were made. The results of factor analysis showed that the most important factors affecting the improvement of apple marketing in West Azerbaijan province were summarized and categorized into four factors, which could explain 66.3% of the changes in factors affecting the improvement of apple marketing in West Azerbaijan province. Among the effective factors studied, economic factor including the items of payment of facilities and credits to apple beneficiaries, the existence of border markets in the province, product diversity was identified as the most important factor affecting the improvement of apple marketing in West Azerbaijan province. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
102 - Identifying the Development Drivers of Emerging green Technologies to Realize Sustainable Agriculture in Iran
Akbar Foruzesh Ahmadreza kasraee Reza Dinpanah mehdi charmchian langeruodiIn an era that has been exposed by growing environmental concerns and the urgent need to review the common methods of producing agricultural products and achieving sustainable agriculture, the use of "green technologies" has emerged as the final solution. The MoreIn an era that has been exposed by growing environmental concerns and the urgent need to review the common methods of producing agricultural products and achieving sustainable agriculture, the use of "green technologies" has emerged as the final solution. The identification of factors driving the development of emerging green technologies to achieve sustainable agriculture was carried out. The type of descriptive-survey research and its statistical population were technology experts in the public and private sectors and users of emerging green technologies, 314 of them based on the table of Karjesi and Morgan by random sampling with proportional assignment. were investigated. The tool of data collection was a questionnaire, the validity of which was obtained by referring to experts in agricultural technologies, and the calculation of Cronbach's alpha coefficient (0.931) confirmed its reliability.Data were classified by SPSS version 21 software and exploratory factor analysis technique. The results showed that seven factors include the realization of sustainable agriculture, increasing efficiency and productivity in production, improving the form and quality of agricultural products, optimal use of production factors and cost reduction, penetration of green technologies in the agricultural production system, development of technology culture and innovation. In the society and increasing public awareness of emerging green technologies, more than 75% of the total variance of the factors promoting the development of emerging green technologies to achieve sustainable agriculture are explained. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
103 - A Developed Model for Purchase Intention of Foreign Food Products: An Empirical Study in the Iranian Context
Maryam Zarif Sagheb Seyed Kamran Nourbakhsh Mirfeiz Fallahshams -
Open Access Article
104 - Innovation Capability Based on Clustering and Ranking Approach (Case Study: Food and Beverage Industries of Urmia Metropolis)
Khadijeh Bahrami Houshang Taghizadeh Morteza Honarmand Azimi -
Open Access Article
105 - Construction and Validation of Dimensions and Components of the Organizational Anomie Scale in Order to Provide a Native Model in Government Hospitals
soodeh rafierad hasan ali aghajani Ghorbanali Agha ahmadi maryam rahmaty -
Open Access Article
106 - Dentifying and explaining a model for improving DNA genetic codes (Case study: Isfahan Tokafulad Holding Companies)
sara Etemadi Ali Shirvani Zahra Darvish -
Open Access Article
107 - Determination of the Environmental Design Factors Contributing to Children’s Creativity Based on the Concepts of Shahnameh
Hassan Rezaei Ali Kazemi Sude Farrokhfar Sare Farrokhfar -
Open Access Article
108 - The Validity، Reliability and Factor Structure of the Short Version of Attitude toward Women Scale
Negar Sadeghi Negar Sadeghi Alireza Moradi Shahram MohammadkhaniThe aim of the present study was to examine the validity, reliability and factor structure of the 15-items short version of Attitude toward Women Scale (AWS) (Spence & Helmreich, 1978). The Persian short version of AWS was administrated on Kharazmi students (150 fem MoreThe aim of the present study was to examine the validity, reliability and factor structure of the 15-items short version of Attitude toward Women Scale (AWS) (Spence & Helmreich, 1978). The Persian short version of AWS was administrated on Kharazmi students (150 females, 100males)that was selected using multi-stage cluster random sampling. The validity of the scale was assessed by Explanatory factor analysis and convergent validity. Explanatory Factor analyses indicated one factor model. Moreover, convergent validity of the AWS with the Bem Sex Role Inventory (BSRI) was satisfactory .also The Cronbach’s alpha(0/60) and item-rest correlations indicated that reliability of the scale was satisfactory. According to these results, The Persian short version of Attitude toward Women Scale (AWS) may be a useful tool in assessing gender role attitudes and can be used gender studies in Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
109 - Classify the Iranian’s Construction Projects Key Risks by Structural Equation Modeling
Kajal Zarei Bahareh Mohebban Alireza Esmaeilzadeh Ahmad JamalianProject Risk Management is a critical component of project management as risks that are not well-managed may lead to project failures. This study aims to classify Iranian’s Construction Projects key risks by using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) technique. At f MoreProject Risk Management is a critical component of project management as risks that are not well-managed may lead to project failures. This study aims to classify Iranian’s Construction Projects key risks by using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) technique. At first, based on a comprehensive literature review 28 indicators were identified to recognize the construction projects risk. Thereafter, a questionnaire was distributed amongst the experts of construction industry, and finally 239 questionnaires were collected. In the next step, the model of construction projects risks was estimated by using of Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) which the indicators explained five latent variables (Environmental, Quality, Cost, Time and Safety related factors). The results presented that priorities of the indicator of “Construction Projects Risks” are “Time Risk”, “Cost Risk”, “Quality Risk”, “Environment Risk” and “Safety Risk”, respectively. Furthermore, the results of the research provided a comprehensive model for the construction projects risks, which it can be used by scholars and project managers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
110 - Supply chain resilience in postal transport with factor analysis approach
Mansour Jangizehi Mohammad Reza MalekiThe purpose of this study is to investigate the resilience of the supply chain in the transportation of goods by postal companies in critical situations. For this purpose, after reviewing the literature and research background and interviewing experts, 14 resilience ind MoreThe purpose of this study is to investigate the resilience of the supply chain in the transportation of goods by postal companies in critical situations. For this purpose, after reviewing the literature and research background and interviewing experts, 14 resilience indices were extracted and questionnaires were distributed and collected among 98 postal customers. Preliminary data analysis was performed through SPSS software and principal component analysis and exploratory factor analysis. After varimax rotation, the variables with eigenvalues greater than one and factor loads greater than 0.55 were identified and explained the highest correlation and variance. Finally, six hidden factors were obtained. Also, in order to obtain the relationship between indicators and factors and the internal relationship between indicators, through MATLAB software, all super matrix calculations, weighted matrices and partial matrices have been performed through the network analysis process method. Finally, the value of the importance of each factor and the importance of the relative coefficient of each index are calculated, in which the insurance of the goods is the most important factor and the timely delivery of the goods is the most important indicator. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
111 - Identifying Agility Assessment Factors using a mixed approach of qualitative and quantitative methods (case study: Automotive Industry)
Eisa Roghani Mamaghani Jala Haghighat monfared Ahmad JafarnejadTo achieve agile manufacturing in any manufacturing industry, needed to measure agility in that industry. The purpose of article is to identify and explain the main factors for measuring agility in the automotive industry as the most important non-oil industry. This res MoreTo achieve agile manufacturing in any manufacturing industry, needed to measure agility in that industry. The purpose of article is to identify and explain the main factors for measuring agility in the automotive industry as the most important non-oil industry. This research is an applied research in terms of purpose and a mixed qualitative-quantitative research in terms of method. The statistical population of the research in qualitative section is the academics and the automotive industry managers, and in the quantitative section is the experts of the mentioned industry. The method of collecting information has been through a questionnaire. In the qualitative section, First, by researching related articles by meta-synthesis method, 89 sources were selected and 27 criteria for measuring agility were identified. Then the criteria were generalized to the automotive industry by surveying 16 experts using fuzzy Delphi method. Then these criteria were categorized into 4 general clusters of agility drivers, agility enablers, agility strategies and agility capabilities using cognitive mapping method and with the help of 5 industry and university experts. In the quantitative part, by distributing questionnaires and surveys of 286 experts in the automotive industry, the extracted factors were validated by confirmatory factor analysis. These factors and criteria can be a good tool for managers of manufacturing industries to assess and gap analysis of the agility of their organizations. Agility enablers, agility strategies and agility capabilities measure the current level of agility of the organization and agility drivers measure the level of agility required by the organization. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
112 - Validation the intelligence Model of Petrochemical Industry Parent Co.
ali abdali gholamreza godarzi Tsohrabi sohrabiThe importance of petrochemicals as the largest private sector in the country in terms of value creation for subsidiaries and the use of a smart model is of paramount importance. The purpose of this study was to present and validate the intelligence model of the petroch MoreThe importance of petrochemicals as the largest private sector in the country in terms of value creation for subsidiaries and the use of a smart model is of paramount importance. The purpose of this study was to present and validate the intelligence model of the petrochemical firm's parent firm and provide related solutions. The research is of mixed type which is interviewed by managers in petrochemical industry through snowball sampling and the interviews continued until a theoretical saturation of 23 interviews was reached. Research propositions were analyzed using the data base method and MAXQDA software. The statistical population includes 462 managers of the Persian Gulf Petrochemical Company. In the quantitative part, a researcher-made questionnaire was distributed among 90 managers of the subsidiaries at different levels. Finally, 82 questionnaires were identified for proper analysis. Factor analysis was performed using SPSS and WarpPLS software to analyze quantitative data. The intelligence model of the petrochemical firm specializes in 550 open source code divided into 95 common propositions. The propositions at this level are divided into 13 main categories and 4 concepts that include concepts: strategic decisions (with a beta coefficient of 0.979), tasks, services and resources (0.987), creator / creators of capital and structures (0.974), systems and processes (0.980). The beta coefficients obtained from the data analysis in the quantitative section indicate the high importance of each of the concepts and quantities of fit and factor analysis to confirm the model. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
113 - Identifying, evaluating and analyzing barriers and challenges of innovation development in Iranian industries (Case Study: Parts, Machinery and Automotive Industries of Tabriz)
shahin mohammadpour Allahyar MuradovToday, organizations have realized that in order to grow and survive in a turbulent environment, special attention must be paid to the issue of innovative industrial development. The main purpose of this study is to evaluate and analyze the obstacles and challenges of i MoreToday, organizations have realized that in order to grow and survive in a turbulent environment, special attention must be paid to the issue of innovative industrial development. The main purpose of this study is to evaluate and analyze the obstacles and challenges of innovation development in the parts, machinery and automotive industries of Tabriz with the fuzzy AHP approach. To achieve this goal, using the combined exploratory method, the data were collected in two stages: qualitative and quantitative, and through semi-structured interviews with 21 managers and industry experts (selected by snowball sampling method). Comments were identified. Study Experts After holding three panels of experts, they agreed on the obstacles and challenges of innovation development. The method of data analysis in quantitative part has been done in two parts. First, using the factor analysis approach and SmartPLS software, the components identified in the qualitative section were statistically and quantitatively validated. The statistical sample of this section that completed the factor analysis questionnaires, according to Cochran's formula, were 356 people who were randomly selected. Also, in the second part of prioritizing barriers to technology development, the fuzzy AHP approach has been used. The questionnaire of this section has been completed by 21 experts who were selected using the theoretical method. In this study, 25 barriers were identified and finalized, which were classified into 5 sections. The most important factors are government barriers, management and policy barriers, insufficient credit of government investment funds and ambiguity of the position of innovation in industries. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
114 - Determining the effective factors in the priorities of maintenance strategies by combining factor analysis and ahp methods (Case study: East Azerbaijan Water and Sewerage Company)
Somayeh Fakhimi Hossein Zad Yagoub Alavi Matin Suleiman IranzadehChoosing the right strategy for maintenance and repairs in an equipment-oriented organization is very important and has a direct impact on productivity, profitability and cost. Maintenance and repairs play an important role in maintaining the reliability of production q MoreChoosing the right strategy for maintenance and repairs in an equipment-oriented organization is very important and has a direct impact on productivity, profitability and cost. Maintenance and repairs play an important role in maintaining the reliability of production quality, reducing waste, reducing risk, increasing efficiency and increasing joint satisfaction, etc. Among the most important strategies of maintenance and repairs, we can mention the corrective and preventive maintenance and repairs based on condition and reliability, which according to the situation and environmental conditions, the application of each one has advantages and disadvantages. The purpose of this article is to provide a general method for choosing the best strategy for maintenance and repairs in equipment-oriented organizations such as water and sewage. It has been tried to use the method of confirmatory factor analysis to model the structural equations of least partial squares, the factors affecting the choice of maintenance and repairs strategy by expert questionnaire and SMSRT PLS software, which is a useful software for the modeling of structural equations of least partial squares, have been investigated and confirmed factors. In order to prioritize the four maintenance strategies of preventive, predictive, corrective and based on reliability by AHP technique, which process requires breaking the decision problem with several indicators into a hierarchy of levels, it should be used in EXPERT CHOISE software. The results of this analysis have determined the first priority of using the method of preventive maintenance and repairs to advance the goals of maintaining the company's critical equipment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
115 - A Combination of Factor Analysis and Combined Approach Techniques (AHP-TOPSIS) For Ranking Criteria and Evaluating the Factors Affecting Brand
Amir Nayeb Sina Jabari Mahdi Yousefi Nejad AttariNowadays, the brand personality is core and closest variable in customers’ decision making. Branding in the food industry of Iran is emerging phenomenon. This paper aims to investigate the effective factors on brand regarding the target population of 150 customers MoreNowadays, the brand personality is core and closest variable in customers’ decision making. Branding in the food industry of Iran is emerging phenomenon. This paper aims to investigate the effective factors on brand regarding the target population of 150 customers of Packard industrial bread factory in the city of Tabriz who is selected through available sampling method. In this paper, using factor analysis and combinatory approach (AHP-TOPSIS) in SPSS and EXCEL, a framework proposed in order to analyze the similarities and differences among consumers’ point of views about the effective factors on the brand. Findings show that management and customers’ political tendencies are the most effective and the least effective factors in the power of brand respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
116 - A Combination of Factor Analysis and Combined Approach Techniques (AHP-TOPSIS) for Ranking Criteria and Evaluating the Factors Affecting Brand
Amir Nayeb Gogani Sina Chartab Jabari Mahdi Yousefi Nejad AttariNowadays, the brand personality is core and closest variable in customers’ decision making. Branding in the food industry of Iran is emerging phenomenon. This paper aims to investigate the effective factors on brand regarding the target population of 150 customers MoreNowadays, the brand personality is core and closest variable in customers’ decision making. Branding in the food industry of Iran is emerging phenomenon. This paper aims to investigate the effective factors on brand regarding the target population of 150 customers of Packard industrial bread factory in the city of Tabriz who is selected through available sampling method. In this paper, using factor analysis and combinatory approach (AHP-TOPSIS) in SPSS and EXCEL, a framework proposed in order to analyze the similarities and differences among consumers’ point of views about the effective factors on the brand. Findings show that management and customers’ political tendencies are the most effective and the least effective factors in the power of brand respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
117 - The Role of Industrial Clusters on Regional Competitiveness ( Case Study: The Cluster Of Petroleum, Gas And Petrochemical Facilities Of Khuzestan
Hashem Dadashpor Zahra Ahmadipour Abolfazl MoarrefiAs a novel idea for discussion on the role of industrial development on regional development, the term “cluster” became noteworthy since 90’s in order to increase competitiveness. Territorial development researchers believe that formation of regional i MoreAs a novel idea for discussion on the role of industrial development on regional development, the term “cluster” became noteworthy since 90’s in order to increase competitiveness. Territorial development researchers believe that formation of regional industrial clusters improves competitiveness and plays a role in promoting competitive advantages and regional development. Hence, because of the possibility of realization of competitive advantage, industrial clusters became a focal point for research and policymaking. Against this background, the purpose of this research is to analyze and review the role of industrial clusters on the development of regional competitiveness and assumes that the higher number of relations in an industrial cluster leads to higher level of regional competitiveness. The research applies descriptive-analytical research method and utilizes questionnaire to collect data. The data was studied by SPSS and Lisrel software packs after approval of validity and reliability of data. Findings corroborate the relationship between the higher number of relations in industrial clusters with the higher level of regional competitiveness and also identifies the contributing factors to development and stimulation of regional development which is ranked by the order of their effect as follows: 1. Social relations, 2. Geographic and location relations, 3. Economic relations, and 4. Institutional relations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
118 - Necessity of adopting neighborhood-oriented participatory planning approach in revitalizing worn-out urban tissues using factor analysis method (Study example: Sartpoule neighborhood, Sanandaj)
saman salavati ali alavi khatereh ramazanipoorUrban managers have always tried to achieve their goals in order to achieve urban development and management by attracting people's participation at the neighborhood level. Participation of citizens at the neighborhood level is one of the important principles of stabili MoreUrban managers have always tried to achieve their goals in order to achieve urban development and management by attracting people's participation at the neighborhood level. Participation of citizens at the neighborhood level is one of the important principles of stability and democracy in urban societies. Considering the importance of participation in neighborhood development and urban management, the aim of this research is to adopt a neighborhood-oriented participatory planning approach in the revitalization of worn-out urban tissues and to identify the most important criteria that have the greatest effect on neighborhood-oriented participation in the revival of worn-out tissues. The current research method is descriptive-analytical and practical in terms of purpose. Sampling was purposeful and out of 308 households in the neighborhood, 50 heads of households were selected for questioning using Cochran's formula with a confidence level of 93%. The results were analyzed through SPSS software, including path analysis tests and factor analysis tests. The results of the analysis showed that the indicators related to social dimensions; Economic and management have had the greatest impact on worn-out tissues of Sartpoule neighborhood of Sanandaj city with weighted average (4.45, 3.739, 5.112). Also, through path analysis, the factors that have a direct and indirect effect on the improvement of the quality of the worn tissues of the target area were identified. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
119 - Innovation and Creativity in Determining and Prioritizing Corporate Disclosure Indicators
Amir Shams Koloukhi Ali reza Mehrazeen Abolghassem Massihabadee Mohamad reza ShorvarziBackground: In recent years, we have seen an increase in the importance of social responsibility (CSR) and reporting among organizations. In this regard, creativity and innovation are important in determining and prioritizing the components of corporate social responsib MoreBackground: In recent years, we have seen an increase in the importance of social responsibility (CSR) and reporting among organizations. In this regard, creativity and innovation are important in determining and prioritizing the components of corporate social responsibility. Objectives: The current research, the components and indicators of disclosure, provide and analyze social responsibility by examining expert opinion in a comprehensive framework. After determining the components, the gap between the expected and expected status of the experts was discussed. Method: The statistical population included university professors, experts and managers working in accounting, auditing and financial management of Iran in 1396. Data were analyzed by exploratory factor analysis and t-test using SPSS software. Findings: The results of exploratory factor analysis showed that 8 dimensions for corporate social responsibility (leadership and in-organization processes, environmental protection, work environment, community and country, employee support, reporting, public assistance and business Standards) can be extracted. Also, the results of t-test showed that there is a significant difference between the present situation (current performance) and the expected level of experts. Conclusion: The study was conducted with the hope that companies would prioritize transparency in their programs, and that managers would volunteer to disclose social responsibility information. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
120 - Designing a Confirmatory Factor Analysis Model to investigate the impact of Risk Management on Corporate Profit Sharing
Hossein Nouri Farid Alireza Momeni Aziz Gord -
Open Access Article
121 - Investigating the Factors Related to Measuring the Public Services Quality in the Public Sector with Service Delivery Processes
Ali Javidi Sanjar Salajegheh Masoud Pourkiani Saeed Sayadi -
Open Access Article
122 - Validation of the indigenous model of citizenship education in the elementary school
Seyedeh Janat Mousavi Abbas Gholtash Farzaneh Vasefian -
Open Access Article
123 - Translation Students' Self in Translation of Islamic Texts: Its Development and Relationship with their Translation Quality
Ghasem Modarresi مصطفی محمدی غلامرضا کاظمیThe present study tries to explore the possible selves of translator students to construct and validate the relevant questionnaire. During the first step of the study, using content analysis and theme-based categorization, the most frequently cited factors emerged from MoreThe present study tries to explore the possible selves of translator students to construct and validate the relevant questionnaire. During the first step of the study, using content analysis and theme-based categorization, the most frequently cited factors emerged from the interviews with the 20 participants included 1) Doing one’s best, 2) Developing the self, 3) Successful translator, 4) Gaining dignity in translation, 5) Danger of losing interest, 6) Approaching problems critically, 7) Becoming an effective citizen, and 8) inner satisfaction. Following this, the researchers designed the relevant questionnaire consisting of 50 items in likert scale, and a pilot study was done including two phases. Using factor analysis, the designed questionnaire was distributed to 186 students majoring in transition studies, and the validated questionnaire including 41 items was named English Translator Self Development (ETSD) including four underlying constructs: Factor one: Real Identity, Factor two: Ideal Identity, Factor three: Ought to Identity, and Factor four: Feared Identity. During the next step of the study, the researchers examined the relationship between students’ scores on ETSD and translation performance and the results revealed a moderate, positive correlation between translator students’ self-development and their performance on translation [r=–.45, n=62, p<.05]. An implication of the study is for teachers should promote relevant ideal and ought-to selves. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
124 - Explaining Voluntary Disclosure Components With Social Responsibility Approach From the Viewpoint of Higher Education Specialists
Amir Shams Ali reza Mehrazeen Abolghassem Massihabadee Mohamad reza ShorvarziThe purpose of this study was to explain the components of voluntary disclosure with a social responsibility approach from the point of view of higher education professionals. The present study presented and analyzed the components and indicators of voluntary disclosure MoreThe purpose of this study was to explain the components of voluntary disclosure with a social responsibility approach from the point of view of higher education professionals. The present study presented and analyzed the components and indicators of voluntary disclosure by examining the viewpoints of higher education graduates of Iranian universities in a comprehensive framework. To determine the components, voluntary disclosure of their weight was done by 108 faculty members. The statistical population included professors of Iranian universities in accounting, auditing and financial management in 2018. Targeted sampling was based on the field of research. Data were analyzed by exploratory factor analysis using SPSS software. The results of exploratory factor analysis revealed that three dimensions for voluntary disclosure of companies (general information and governance, performance, innovation and future growth) can be achieved. The results of this research can reflect the expectations of higher education professionals and users of financial reporting on voluntary disclosure. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
125 - Identifying the characteristics of transformational management in secondary schools in order to present a model (based on the study sample of secondary schools in Ardabil city)
hasan aslanzadeh Massod moradi mohammad mojtabazadehThe purpose of this research is to identify the necessary indicators to design a suitable model of transformational management for secondary schools.The research was conducted through a mixed (qualitative-quantitative) approach. In the qualitative phase, the Foundation' MoreThe purpose of this research is to identify the necessary indicators to design a suitable model of transformational management for secondary schools.The research was conducted through a mixed (qualitative-quantitative) approach. In the qualitative phase, the Foundation's data method was used, and semi-structured interviews were used to obtain the research model, and the research community consisted of selected experts, including university professors and general managers of education, who had expertise and experience in the subject. For this purpose, 30 samples were selected through non-probability targeted sampling and theoretical saturation approach. In the quantitative part, the statistical population, including all principals and teachers of secondary schools in Ardabil city, in the academic year of 1399-1400, was 1714 people, using the table of Karjesi and Morgan (1970), through the simple random sampling method, 314 people It was selected as a sample of the research, then a paired comparison questionnaire was prepared and completed by managers and related teachers. Validation of the qualitative part was done by retest method, and in the quantitative part, the method of content validity index and Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used, which indicated the validity and reliability of both qualitative and quantitative parts. The results showed that facilitating factors in planning and education; Management and maintenance of human resources; creating innovation; supportive leadership; self-management; motivational leadership; Organizational performance management system design, effectiveness and strategy are the key factors of transformational management. Also, the fit of the transformational management model was confirmed using the factor analysis method. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
126 - Investigating psychometric characteristics of school attachment questionnaire
ali pezhohandeh valiallah farzad parvin kadivarThe present study tries to investigate psychometric characteristics of attachment to school questionnaire. To do this, a random sample of 380 high school students, both female and male, was selected. Cronbach alpha was used to determine the reliability and explora MoreThe present study tries to investigate psychometric characteristics of attachment to school questionnaire. To do this, a random sample of 380 high school students, both female and male, was selected. Cronbach alpha was used to determine the reliability and exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis were carried out to determine the validity. The results show that the questionnaires has an acceptable internal consistency, the same as Mouton, et al.(1996). Factor analysis results also show that the questionnaire has fitting with the data. All Goodness of Fit Indices confirm the model. The questionnaire is consequently an effective instrument to study attachment to school. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
127 - Developing a questionnaire to identify factors affecting sharing knowledge in universities
negin jabari mehrdada madhoushi vahid falahThe present study aims to develop a questionnaire and determine its psychometric characteristics in accordance with cultural norms in Iranian society. The questionnaire is intended to measure factors affecting sharing knowledge in universities. The study is carried out MoreThe present study aims to develop a questionnaire and determine its psychometric characteristics in accordance with cultural norms in Iranian society. The questionnaire is intended to measure factors affecting sharing knowledge in universities. The study is carried out in three stages. Initially, the factors are identified using a qualitative method based on a grounded theory. They are put into a framework. Then, items in the questionnaire were formulated based on interviews with faculty members. Finally, psychometric characteristics of the questionnaire, i.e. validity, and reliability, were investigated. A sample of 90 faculty members participates in the study. The results, based on confirmatory factor analysis, support 20 items related to factors affecting sharing knowledge in universities. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
128 - Exploratory Factor Detection Challenges Questionnaire information management systems
Seyed mohamad hosein Hoseini ravesh Mahsa Nakhaei moghadamThe purpose of this study was to investigate the exploration structure of barriers to implementation of management information systems in sport and youth departments. The research method is descriptive and exploratory. The data of this research were gathered from 156 se MoreThe purpose of this study was to investigate the exploration structure of barriers to implementation of management information systems in sport and youth departments. The research method is descriptive and exploratory. The data of this research were gathered from 156 senior and middle managers and employees of the Information Technology sector and experts from the General Directorate of Sports and Youth Organization of Khorasan Razavi Province and the subsidiary cities. Data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire with 49 questions. In analyzing the data and presenting the findings, exploratory factor analysis method has been used to categorize and explain the obstacles and to explore the underlying structures. After collecting and analyzing the exploratory factor of the questionnaires, the minimum factor burden accepted for each variable was 0.3. Therefore, from 80 questions of the questionnaire, 31 questions were removed due to factor load less than 0.3 and 49 remaining questions of the class The questionnaire was subjected to a questionnaire using Cronbach's alpha of 0.83 which indicates that the questionnaire is appropriate. It was also found that both the entire questionnaire and all of the sub-tests have a high reliability coefficient. The results showed that this questionnaire can be used as a valid tool for measuring the establishment of management information systems in sports organizations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
129 - Prioritizing Customers’ Preferences of Iranian Domestic Flights Using Exploratory Factor Analysis and Confirmatory Factor Analysis
Amin Salimian Noudushan Mozhde Rabbani Shahnaz NayebzadeThe purpose of this study is to prioritize the preferences of domestic flights customers through exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. This research is practical in terms of its purpose and according to its nature, the applied method is descriptive-survey. The s MoreThe purpose of this study is to prioritize the preferences of domestic flights customers through exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. This research is practical in terms of its purpose and according to its nature, the applied method is descriptive-survey. The statistical population of that are customers of domestic flights of Islamic Republic of Iran airlines. The research sample consisted of 145 people who were selected by simple random sampling method. To collect data, a standard questionnaire was developed using the 5 options Likert range. Validity of the questionnaire was confirmed through content validity and its reliability was confirmed by the Cronbach's alpha coefficient, which is 0.910. Using exploratory factor analysis using SPSS software, 29 variables that affect the preferences of domestic airline clients were grouped into 7 factors and then they were prioritized by confirmatory factor analysis in LISREL software. The results of this study showed that safety factor has the most impact on the customers' preferences and hobby aspect has the least impact on customer preferences. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
130 - A grey decision-making and factor analysis technique approach to the supplier selection problem: A case study of Sazeh Gostar Saipa Company
Maghsoud amiri narges saberi hassan halehSupplier Selection is a Multiple-Attribute Decision- Making (MADM). The Grey Decision-Making method is a proper technique for ranking suppliers in cases where the existing qualitative attribute is in an uncertain environment. Taking Advantages of the grey theory concept MoreSupplier Selection is a Multiple-Attribute Decision- Making (MADM). The Grey Decision-Making method is a proper technique for ranking suppliers in cases where the existing qualitative attribute is in an uncertain environment. Taking Advantages of the grey theory concept, linguistic variables areturned in togrey numbers and then used in MADM techniques. But an important issue in most MADM techniques such asTOPSISmethod is independencerequest of attributes, which if notconsidered, may lead to false results. The proposed approach in this article is Factor Analysis(FA) technique for determination of independent factors and their substitution with attributes in grey TOPSIS method.In the proposed approach,independent factors areobtained by FA technique after determination ofthe weights of attributes and making initial grey decision- making matrix. Weight of any factor is obtained from average of the attributes' weight related to its factor. Alsocomponents of the grey decision- making matrix after FA rank will be obtainedfrom average of attribute components related to any factor in initial decision- making matrix. Finally, the suppliers are being ranked by using grey possibility degree. In this paper, the suggested approach has been used to ranking the five suppliers of SazehGostarSaipa company. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
131 - Strategic Selection of Suppliers Using Corrected Factor Analysis Based on Data Envelopment Analysis
Siyavash Hekmat Maghsoud AmiriEstablishment of strategic alliances and formation of integrated supply chains is an obligation nowadays. This is mainly forced by the necessity of specialization of businesses as the result of market requirements and tendency of customers to customized products and ser MoreEstablishment of strategic alliances and formation of integrated supply chains is an obligation nowadays. This is mainly forced by the necessity of specialization of businesses as the result of market requirements and tendency of customers to customized products and services. Under present circumstances, a supplier selection approach which is compatible with the long-term objectives and strategies of the enterprise increases corporate efficiency and effectiveness; this leads to a more productive enterprise. This research focuses on the strategic selection of suppliers considering the interrelation of decision data. Here, an integrated structure is built in order to appropriate determination of enterprise strategies as well as their transformation into applicable criteria for supplier selection. This structure employs a combination of an adjusted factor analysis approach with multi-attribute decision making techniques within data envelopment analysis framework to evaluate decision alternatives; the alternatives which are not appropriate to be evaluated with traditional approaches of data envelopment analysis due to small number of them. Finally, the presented methodology is implemented in a corporation within Iranian foodstuff industry and its results are validated using a nonparametric statistical test in comparison with an extended model of data envelopment analysis. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
132 - Land Administrator Personal Competency Model Using Exploratory Factor Analysis
Azmi Rohani Robiah Suratman Durrishah Idrus -
Open Access Article
133 - The barriers and critical success factor for implementing lean manufacturing at SMEs
Mohd Amran Mohd Daril Shazlen Farhana Mohamad Fadeli Mohamad Ikbar Abdul Wahab Khairanum Subari Latipah Nordin Muhammad Imran Queshi -
Open Access Article
134 - Free Vibration Analysis of Repetitive Structures using Decomposition, and Divide-Conquer Methods
L Shahryari -
Open Access Article
135 - Analysis of the relationship between the behavioral characteristics of residents and the physical environment of residential spaces in CPTED approach (Case study of Tabarestan neighborhood of Sari)
Arian Rezaei khonakdar Mehdi Ghafouri Hossein ZabihiIt's obvious that crime is a general society concern. There are two main logic in crime investigations. The first set of research is based on physical characteristics such as different kinds of land use. This approach is derived from Jin Jacobs and then improved by usin MoreIt's obvious that crime is a general society concern. There are two main logic in crime investigations. The first set of research is based on physical characteristics such as different kinds of land use. This approach is derived from Jin Jacobs and then improved by using CPTED(Crime Prevention Through environmental design) and its strategies which previously had been discussed by Oskar Neman via protect's spaces. Second set of studies are related to quarters inhabitants' social characteristics, such as neighborhood, taking responsibilities, have a feeling of belongings to a place, social capital, cultural patterns and other variables that have been among a wide range of focused social factors in this research. Many fields of studies by considering some concepts, compare summary of netted problems. Historically, safety is perceived as an important factor in social life of every society. We can state that, city expansion and safety are two linked compartments that are followed by city sustainability, in a manner that the absence of one would cause some problems for the others and might bring obstacles for it. During recent decades, Civil researchers became vigilant about the role of architecture and city construction via making decisions and policies to create a desirable place and found some defensible theories of preventing crime by crime prevention through environmental design (CPTED) and environmental crime identification. Evidences shows that researches about the linkage between environment and behavior are very rampant. Nevertheless, hypothesis and processes of CPTED have been poorly tested. Sari city, reaches Mazandaran Sea from north and it reaches Alborz range of mountain from south, according to 2016 census, it's population was 347,402 people and the rate of population growth till 2026 is equal to 1.9 %. In this study, by various inhabitants' behavioral variables such as place ownership and realm protection, the sense of crowd and lack of control on environment, and anatomical variables with subsets such as place ownership, defensive privacy according to CPTED subsystems, by explicating safe habitable places in Sari city we try to figure out how can we adjust them to CPTED characteristics? Cities are sustainable and Complicated economic and social systems that deteriorate if their imbalances, such as security, are not controlled. It seems essential to examine the effect of behavioral patterns of residents (isolation, affinity, tolerance and anonymity) on security as well as the relationship between physical environment features and behavioral characteristics of residents based on CPTED approach in favor of environmental security. One of the newest approaches to urban security is Crime prevention Through Environmental Design(CPTED). It seems essential to examine the effect of behavioral patterns of residents on security as well as the relationship between physical environment features and behavioral characteristics of residents based on CPTED approach in favor of environmental security.Given the success of the CPTED model in different parts of the world, it is hoped that according to the hypotheses, by explaining the patterns of safe residential environments in the city, it can be adapted to CPTED characteristics and the relationship between physical environment characteristics and behavioral characteristics of residents in residential spaces. The present study, which is a descriptive and exploratory research methodology with a quantitative research approach, evaluates the components of CPTED under the hypothesis that in the course of the research, documentary and library methodology was first used to systematically review the relevant resources to identify the main CPTED criteria. Physical and social cognition of Tabarestan neighborhood through the distribution of a questionnaire extracted from the components of residents' behavioral patterns and characteristics of the physical environment, purposefully and the analysis of qualitative data, the degree of importance of each criterion was evaluated to aim to examine the relationship between physical environment and residents' behavior Determinants in designing a safe urban environment and using descriptive statistics in GOF certification, using factor analysis model, using inferential statistics through the criterion of research hypotheses and using Kolmogorov-Smrinov test using analysis of 384 questionnaires in the present model of G-years for 98 and 99 It was calculated that it shows a strong overall fit of the model, all research hypotheses are confirmed and conclude the presentation of the CPTED conceptual model with challenges in generations of this concept. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
136 - Confirmatory Factor Analysis of Dimensions and Components of Organizational Excellence in Mazandaran Islamic Azad University
Abolghasem BarimaniThe aim of this study is dimensions confirmatory factor analysis and organizational excellence components in Mazandaran Islamic Azad University. This study is objectively applicational and methodologically correlational descriptive. Statistical sample has been selected MoreThe aim of this study is dimensions confirmatory factor analysis and organizational excellence components in Mazandaran Islamic Azad University. This study is objectively applicational and methodologically correlational descriptive. Statistical sample has been selected by random stratified sampling in terms of university campus and they were 212 of full-time faculty members with the rank of assistant professor, associate professor and professor. EFQM model standard questionnaire has been used to gather data. Congestive and formal validity has been approved by experts and authors. Questionnaire validity has been estimated as 0/97 by Cronbach's Alpha coefficient. Data analysis has been done by descriptive and deductive statistics methods, confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling in SPSS software and smart PLS. confirmatory factor analysis results showed that there is a positive and meaningful relationship between organizational excellence components and dimensions in Mazandaran Islamic Azad University. It can also be stated by the factor that 96/7 percent of organizational excellence can be explained by enablers dimension and 96/5 percent by results dimension. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
137 - Analysis of effective factors on Faculty Development of Azad University, Azadshahr Branch
Maryam Safari Kioumars NiazazariThe goal of this research is to analyze the effective factors on Faculty Development of members of Azad University, Azadshahr Branch. This is a survey research with factor analysis-exploration approach. Its statistical society is faculty members of Azad University, Azad MoreThe goal of this research is to analyze the effective factors on Faculty Development of members of Azad University, Azadshahr Branch. This is a survey research with factor analysis-exploration approach. Its statistical society is faculty members of Azad University, Azadshahr Branch in 2012-2013 (135 persons). Morgan &Kerjesi Sample Size Indication Tables were used to determine sample size. It was 80 persons selected by simple random method. Measurement tools were Faculty Development Questionnaire of Fathollah Sadeghi (2009) with reliability of 0.95. Assumptions were analyzed by SPSS and exoloratoin factor analysis. Then, the following five factors declared in total variance: psychological (8.45%), cultural-social (8.23%), organizational (8.18%), managerial (8.46%), and supportive (7.68%). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
138 - Development and Validation of Moral Behavior Inventory: the Facts related to Confirmatory Factor Analysis and Exploratory Factor
Mehrdad sabet Ali delavar Hassan Pasha Sharif Zahra KhoshnevisanThe purpose of this study was to develop and validate a Moral Behavior Inventory (MBI). For this purpose, 40 items associated with moral behavior were designed using the comments presented by six experts and tested along with the Big Five Personality Traits Inventory (B MoreThe purpose of this study was to develop and validate a Moral Behavior Inventory (MBI). For this purpose, 40 items associated with moral behavior were designed using the comments presented by six experts and tested along with the Big Five Personality Traits Inventory (BFI), Ethical Sensitivity Scale Questionnaire (ESSQ), and Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) on 329 undergraduate students. The results of the exploratory factor analysis as well as the confirmatory factor analysis (after the removal of 8 items) supported the eight-factor structure of the MBI which includes respect to differences, being considerate, responsible behavior, helping behavior, humble behavior, aggressiveness, cheating behavior, and caring behavior. The evidences related to convergent validity and internal reliability indicated the psychometric capacities of MBI. On the whole, the results of the present study introduced the 32- item inventory of moral behavior as an appropriate tool for conducting research in the field of morality. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
139 - The Study of psychometric properties of contingencies of self-worth scale
Milad SabzehAra Langroudi Mehdi Reza Sarafraz Nima Ghorbani Reza RostamiThe aim of this research was to investigate the psychometric properties of contingencies of self-worth scale in a sample of Iranian university students. 502 undergraduate Payam Nour university students of langroud city were selected by available sampling method and were MoreThe aim of this research was to investigate the psychometric properties of contingencies of self-worth scale in a sample of Iranian university students. 502 undergraduate Payam Nour university students of langroud city were selected by available sampling method and were asked to complete contingencies of self-worth scale (CSWS), Integrative self-knowledge (ISK), Self-compassion scale-short form (SCS-SF), Margolis-Thomas narcissism scale (MTNS) and Rosenberg self-esteem scale (RSES). First, confirmatory factor analysis indicate that the factor structure of the Iranian sample does not fit with factor structure of the American sample. Thus, to find appropriate factor structure with Iranian sample exploratory factor analysis with principal component analysis and rotation oblimin was conducted and showed that 6 factor are fitted with data structure. Convergent and divergent scale validities were confirmed and Cronbach's alpha coefficients also revealed a good internal consistency of factors scale. Results based on self-determination theory and contingencies of self-worth theory were discussed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
140 - Investigating the effect of The Supportiing Factors and Components of the Mentoring Model the Career Advancement of New Female of Teachers East Azerbayjan Province
Parvaneh Niroomand jafar Ghahramani Abolfazl Ghasemzadeh AlishahiMentoring is an effective way to promote women's training and professional development, as well as support and empower women and create positive organizational culture change. Historically, in our country, patriarchy is very evident in all social issues, especially in t MoreMentoring is an effective way to promote women's training and professional development, as well as support and empower women and create positive organizational culture change. Historically, in our country, patriarchy is very evident in all social issues, especially in the workplace, and creating opportunities for women's advancement and transformation in organizations requires structural changes. One of the development approaches for women as a valuable strategy is mentoring. The current research has been carried out with the aim of highlighting the importance of mentoring as a mechanism of support and career advancement for women in the country's educational system. A combined method was used to collect data. The findings showed that the supporting factors and components of the model extracted from the confirmatory factor analysis of mentoring effective on the career development of female teachers in the first stage include mentoring characteristics (mentee and mentor), and in the next stage mentoring factors mentoring factors (interpersonal factors, cultural factors, organizational factors and macro factors). Mentoring strategies (individual strategies, organizational strategies and trans-organizational strategies) and mentoring consequences (individual consequences, organizational consequences and trans-organizational consequences) have also been investigated in the extracted model for newly hired female teachers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
141 - Evaluation of Spring Bread Wheat Lines (Triticum aestivum L.) and Their Classification by Using Some Agronomic Traits
A. Daryani A.R. Tarinejad S. Aharizad F. Farahvash H. KhanzadeTo obtain superior genotypes from 30 advanced spring bread wheat cultivars a field experiment in RCBD was carried out in 1388. Traits like yield, yield components, harvest index, peduncle length, awn length, number of leaf, plant height, flag leaf area, penultimate leaf MoreTo obtain superior genotypes from 30 advanced spring bread wheat cultivars a field experiment in RCBD was carried out in 1388. Traits like yield, yield components, harvest index, peduncle length, awn length, number of leaf, plant height, flag leaf area, penultimate leaf area, days to booting, days to spike emergence, days to flowering and physiological maturity were recorded. Analysis of variance showed significant difference among genotypes for the traits measured at %1 probability level. This indicates considerable genetic variations among the lines evaluated. Cluster analysis of traits measured, grouped lines into three categories. Eight lines were located in third cluster with respect to some traits including grain yield and other important traits like biological yield, number of seed per spike, spike length, peduncle length, plant height, flag leaf area, and number of spike per m² were found to be superior. By using factor analysis, five factors determined 78.99% of total variation. In this analysis, the first factor could account for 35% of total variation and nominated as effective factor on grain yield. Line with accession number of N-75-5 was found to be highest yielding (289.5 g/m2 (as compared with the other lines. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
142 - Genetic Diversity for Grain Yield and its Components in Winter Wheat Genotypes (Triticum aestivum L.)
M. Tabrizi H. Kazemi-e- ArbatIn order to detect the most effective characters on grain yield and its component in winter wheat genotypes, an experiment in a randomized complete block design with three replications was conducted at Research Station of the Islamic Azad University, Tabriz Branch. Plan MoreIn order to detect the most effective characters on grain yield and its component in winter wheat genotypes, an experiment in a randomized complete block design with three replications was conducted at Research Station of the Islamic Azad University, Tabriz Branch. Planting seed, application of fertilizers and fertilizers and pesticides and irrigation regimes were processed as they are usually done in the region. Some traits such as days to heading, days to maturity, height plant, main spike weight, straw yield, grain number per spike, grain weight per spike, grain yield and harvest index were characterized. Analysis of variance revealed that there were significant differences among genotypes for most of the traits except the weight of main spike and grain number per plant. Results also showed that the highest phenotypic (19.77%) diversity belonged to the weight of main spike and least to days to maturity and days to heading (with 0.27% and 0.52% ) respectively. Results of factor analysis showed that four factors accounted for 82.73% of the total variation. Cluster analysis, based on traits under study, grouped the genotypes into two groups. The first group consisted of seven and the second on of five genotypes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
143 - Evaluation of Spring Bread Wheat Lines (Triticum aestivum L.) and Their Classification by Using Some Agronomic Traits
A .R. Tarinejad A. Daryani S. Aharizad F. Farahvash H. KhanzadeTo obtain superior genotypes from 30 advanced spring bread wheat cultivars a field experiment in RCBD was carried out in 1388. Traits like yield, yield components, harvest index, peduncle length, awn length, number of leaf, plant height, flag leaf area, penultimate leaf MoreTo obtain superior genotypes from 30 advanced spring bread wheat cultivars a field experiment in RCBD was carried out in 1388. Traits like yield, yield components, harvest index, peduncle length, awn length, number of leaf, plant height, flag leaf area, penultimate leaf area, days to booting, days to spike emergence, days to flowering and physiological maturity were recorded. Analysis of variance showed significant difference among genotypes for the traits measured at %1 probability level. This indicates considerable genetic variations among the lines evaluated lines. Cluster analysis through Ward method, by using all of the traits, grouped lines into three clusters. Eight lines located in third cluster with respect to some traits including grain yield and other important traits like biological yield, number of seed per spike, spike length, peduncle length, plant height, flag leaf area, and number of spike per m² were superior. Factor analysis, five factors discriminated 78.99% of total variation. In this analysis, the first factor could determine 35% of total variation and nominated as effective factor on grain yield. Line with accession number N-75-5 was found to be highest yielding (289.5 g/m2 (as compared with the other lines. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
144 - Response of Bread Wheat Recombinant Inbred Lines to Drought Stress and Their Grouping
S. Aharizad V. Ahmadi A. MohammadiIn order to study the response of bread wheat recombinant inbred lines to drought stress and their grouping an experiment was conducted in split plot based on randomized complete block design with three replications at Islamic Azad University, Tabriz Branch the Agricult MoreIn order to study the response of bread wheat recombinant inbred lines to drought stress and their grouping an experiment was conducted in split plot based on randomized complete block design with three replications at Islamic Azad University, Tabriz Branch the Agriculture Research Station. Main factor consist of different levels of irrigation (80, 120 and 160 mm evaporation water from class A evaporation pan) and sub factor included the lines. Result of analysis of variance revealed significant differences among different levels of irrigation for the most of the traits. Mean comparisons showed that drought stress reduced the value of these traits. Significant differences were observed among lines for all the traits except non fertile tiller number. Line × stress interaction was non significant for all of the traits studied. Cluster analysis using WARD algorithm based on the traits under study assigned the lines into two separate groups. Discriminate analysis confirms this grouping. Factor analysis based on principle component analysis and varimax rotation, showed that the first four factors accounted for about 88.69 percent of the total variation. The result revealed that yield and its components and plant height were important traits for selection of promising lines. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
145 - Evaluation of Genetic Diversity in 65 Genotypes of Potato by Using Factor and Cluster Analysis
D. HassanPanahTo evaluate genetic diversityamong 65 potato genotypes along with Agria, Draga and Marfona cultivars as controls an experiment based augmented design with three blocks was conducted at Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Station of Ardabil, Iran, during two year MoreTo evaluate genetic diversityamong 65 potato genotypes along with Agria, Draga and Marfona cultivars as controls an experiment based augmented design with three blocks was conducted at Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Station of Ardabil, Iran, during two years(2007-2008).During the growing period and after harvest, the traits such as days number till tuberization, growth period, main stem number per plant, plant height, total and marketable tuber number and weight per plant, marketable tuber yield and dry matter percent were measured. The ANONA results showed that there were significant differences among genotypes for main stem number per plant, plant height, total and marketable tuber number and weight per plant, marketable tuber yield, days number till tuberization and dry matter percent.The main stem number per plant, plant height, total and marketable tuber number and weight per plant and marketable tuber yield traits, had high but days number till tuberization and dry matter percent relativelyhighdiversity. Cluster analysis divided the 65 genotypes into four groups.The third group consisted of five genotypes (Caesar, Luca, Kennebec, Satina cultivars and 397007-9) were found to be higher in total and marketable tuber number per plant, marketable tuber yield than over all mean and the controls. In factor analysis, four independent factors represented 73.49% of the total variations. They were named as 1- yield and its components (marketable tuber yield, total and marketable tuber number and weight per plant), 2- the structural traits (plant height and number of main stems per plant), 3- quality (dry matter percent) and 4- phonology (number of days to tuberization) factors, respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
146 - Adaptability Evaluation of 104 Potato Hybrids in Ardabil and Alborz Provinces
Davoud Hassanpanah Ahmad Mousapour Gorji Majid Kahbazi Hossein Karbalaei Khiavi Raouf MohammadiThis study was performed to assess potato hybrids for their promising agronomic, and marketability traits and their adaptability to climatic conditions of potato production areas in country. Some 104 potato hybrids selected during five years (2010-2014) along with Saval MoreThis study was performed to assess potato hybrids for their promising agronomic, and marketability traits and their adaptability to climatic conditions of potato production areas in country. Some 104 potato hybrids selected during five years (2010-2014) along with Savalan, Ceaser, Agria and Khavaran cultivars, as controls, were compared in an augment design (preliminary experiment) without replications both at the Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Station of Ardabil and Seed and Plant Institute Improvement of Karaj. These hybrids (104), tested in this experiment, were from 8 breeding populations. One half of the hybrids (52) in Ardabil and the other half (52) in Karaj (a total of 104 hybrids) each were planted in the 4 blocks and each block consisted of 13 hybrids with four control (Agria, Khavaran, Ceaser and Savalan cultivars). During growing period and after harvest the traits like: plant height, main stem number per plant, main stem diameter, tuber number and weight per plant, marketable tuber yield and tuber dry matter percent were measured. Then 81 hybrids were selected as superior hybrids as to their marketable tuber yield and tuber dry matter content. Hybrids selected consisted of 17 hybrids from ♂ Satina × ♀ Luca population, 36 hybrids from ♂ Ceaser × ♀ Luca population, 14 hybrids from ♂ Savalan × ♀ Luca population, 7 hybrids from ♂ Savalan × ♀ Ceaser population, 4 hybrids from ♂ Ceaser × ♀ Savalan population, 1 hybrids from ♂ Satina × ♀ Savalan population and 2 hybrids from ♂ Satina × ♀ Savalan population. Cluster analysis divided 104 hybrids and cultivars into three groups. The first group with 49 hybrids had higher average tuber number per plant, marketable tuber yield and tuber dry matter percent than the remaining hybrids. In factor analysis, three independent factor total explained 73.90% of the variations. These were named as, 1- tuber yield and its components factor (marketable tuber yield, tuber number and weight per plant), 2- the plant structures factor (plant height, number of main stems per plant and main stem diameter) and 3- quality factor (tuber dry matter percent). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
147 - Evaluation of Genetic Diversity of Potato Genotypes for Some Traits Irradiated with Gamma Ray in Caesar Cultivar
داود Hassanpanah M. Rahimi S. VedadiThis research was performed to evaluate genetic diversity for some quantitative traits and tuber flesh color of potato genotypes irradiated with gamma ray of Caesar cultivar, at the Agricultural Nuclear Research Institute of Karaj, Ardabil Behparvar Sabalan Company and MoreThis research was performed to evaluate genetic diversity for some quantitative traits and tuber flesh color of potato genotypes irradiated with gamma ray of Caesar cultivar, at the Agricultural Nuclear Research Institute of Karaj, Ardabil Behparvar Sabalan Company and Ardabil Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Station during 2012 and 2013. The plantlets were irradiated with gamma rays at dose of 25 Gy. The plantlets were sub-cultured three cycles in MS culture and then were transferred to the greenhouse. The 3000 plantlets were planted in plastic pots 10×10 cm with Mikskaar peat-moss and punce (1:1 v/v) in the greenhouse. From 3000 plantlets irradiated belonging to 175 genotypes, 1424 mini-tubers waghed 4821.7 g, were selected with selection intensity of 5.8%. Mean minituber numbers and their weights per plant of genotypes were 8.14 and 27.55 grams and in that of control were 4 and 17.4 grams respectively. The selected genotypes along with control (Caesar and Agria cultivars) were planted in an augmented design in 2013. The ANONA results showed that there were significant differences among genotypes for all traits under study. The tuber yield in parental genotypes was 27.42 ton.ha-1 and in genotypes 3-60 ton.ha-1, number of tubers and their weight per plant in parental genotypes were6 and 555 g. and in genotypes 2-28 and 60-1200 g. respectivly. The tuber yield, tuber number and weight per plant, tuber average weight and main stem number per plant had high diversity. In factor analysis, three independent factors explained 83.07% of the total variation. These factors were: 1- yield and its components (tuber yield, tuber number and weight per plant) as the first factor, 2- the tuber uniformity (average tuber weight) as the second factor, and 3- plant structure (p) and height and number of main stems per plant)as the third factor. The selected genotypes (46 genotypes) possessed higher tuber yields, tuber numbers and weight per plant, tuber uniform, shallow eye depth, skin and flesh color of yellow to dark yellow. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
148 - Evaluating the Relationships among Traits in Thyme (Thymus daenensis subsp. Daenensis) Ecotypes under Non-Stress and Drought Stress Conditions
Masoud GolestaniTo study the relationships among traits of thyme ecotypes, two experiments under non-stress and drought stress conditions were carried out using randomized complete block design with four replications in Abarkouh during 2017-2018 cropping season. Correlation analysis wa MoreTo study the relationships among traits of thyme ecotypes, two experiments under non-stress and drought stress conditions were carried out using randomized complete block design with four replications in Abarkouh during 2017-2018 cropping season. Correlation analysis was used for evaluation of relationships among traits. Stepwise regression and path analysis were used for determination of effective traits on shoot dry weight and for determination of direct and indirect effects on shoot dry weight, respectively. Factor analysis was used for identifying factors that produce special correlations among measured variables. Correlation coefficients among traits showed that there were significant positive correlation among traits like shoot fresh and dry weight with maximum and minimum diameter of canopy, canopy area, leaf length, number of stems per plant and essential oil yield under both conditions. The result of stepwise regression showed that canopy area, leaf width, leaf length, number of flower in inflorescence and number of days to 50% of flowering under non-stress condition and canopy area, leaf width, leaf length and number of days to 50% of flowering under stress condition were entered to the stepwise regression model. The result of path analysis under both conditions showed that canopy area had the highest direct and positive effect on shoot dry weight and leaf width and negative effect on shoot dry weight. Based on factor analysis, three factors were selected and these factors explained 76% of total variation under both conditions and traits such as shoot fresh and dry weight, maximum and minimum diameter of canopy, canopy area, leaf length, number of stems per plant and essential oil yield were main components of these factors. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
149 - Factor Analysis, AMMI Stability Value (ASV) Parameter and GGE Bi-Plot Graphical Method of Quantitative and Qualitative Traits in Potato Genotypes
Davood Hassanpanah Hassan Hassanabadi Amiraslan Hosseinzadeh Bita Soheili Raouf MohammadiQuantitative and qualitative traits and stability of marketable tuber yield of 14 promising potato clones, along with three commercial cultivars (Agria, Marfona and Savalan) as checks, were evaluated at the Ardabil Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Station dur MoreQuantitative and qualitative traits and stability of marketable tuber yield of 14 promising potato clones, along with three commercial cultivars (Agria, Marfona and Savalan) as checks, were evaluated at the Ardabil Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Station during 2013 and 2014. The experiment was based on a randomized complete block design with four replications. During growing period and after harvest, traits like main stem number per plant, plant height, tuber number and weight per plant, total and marketable tuber yield, dry matter percentage, baking type, hollow heart, tuber inner ring and discoloration of raw tuber flesh after 24 hours were measured. Combined ANONA for quantitative traits showed that there were significant differences among promising clones as to total and marketable tuber yield, tuber number and weight per plant, plant height, tuber mean weight, main stem number per plant and dry matter percentage and their interactions with year in total and marketable tuber yield. The clone 9 (397078-3) with the least amount of marketable tuber yield had significant difference with clones 4 (397045-13), 1 (397031-16), 3 (397031-11), 6 (397009-8) and 12 (397067-6) in 2013 and with clone 4 (397045-13) and Agria cultivar in 2014. The clones 4(397045-13), 1 (397031-16) and 12 (397067-6) had uniform tuber, yellow to dark-yellow skin and light-yellow to yellow flesh color, tuber shape of oval round and round, shallow to mid shallow eyes, no tuber inner ring, hollow heart and tuber inner crack and mid-late maturity. They were selected for home consumption of chips, french-fries and frying. Based on the results of factor analysis, "tuber yield", "number of tuber" and "plant structural and quality "were named as first, second and third quality determining factors respectively. In this experiment, GGE Bi-plot model and AMMI Stability Value (ASV) parameter, were acceptable methods for the selection of marketable tuber yield stability which found to be simultaneously could introduce clones 1 (397031-16), 3 (397031-11), 4 (397045-13) and 12 (397067-6) to be selected as stable clones with high marketable tuber yield. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
150 - Presenting a competency model in appointing managers in service organizations by identifying and cultivating managers' competencies from the sociological perspective of organizations (Case study: Social Security Organization)
behrouz khoshnamak Suleiman Iranzadeh asadollah khadivi Hoshang TagizadehSelection of managers based on competency has always been one of the main concerns of decision makers and policy makers in the public sector and the provision of public services.The selection of the right managers at the levels of centralized and provincial units and th MoreSelection of managers based on competency has always been one of the main concerns of decision makers and policy makers in the public sector and the provision of public services.The selection of the right managers at the levels of centralized and provincial units and the central leadership of public service providers in the field of insurance has been of great importance and it is necessary to specify and develop the indicators of managerial competence required for management in this organization. The purpose of this study is to develop a competency model for selecting managers in one of the main organizations providing various insurance services in Iran. Statistical population, including general manager, deputy general managers, heads of departments and heads and senior experts and heads of branches of one of the general insurance departments of the north and northwest of the country (East Azerbaijan, West Azerbaijan, Ardabil, Zanjan, Kurdistan, Gilan, Mazandaran, Golestan , Qazvin and Hamedan) the statistical sample size is estimated at 228 people.Research method, integrated (qualitative and quantitative) and data collection tools in the qualitative part of the interview and the quantitative partThe questionnaire was based on the evaluation of competency criteria extracted from the qualitative part. The method of data analysis in the qualitative part was based on the theme analysis approach and in the quantitative part was based on the confirmatory factor analysis method to test the components of the competency model. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
151 - Modeling based on self-management variable measurement model based on experts' views with the aim of improving the productivity of Iran-Azerbaijan international cycling tour from the perspective of economic sociology
Ali Nemati Khiavi Jafar Barghi Moghadam Mohammad Rahim Najafzadeh Hamid JananiThe aim of the present study was a confirmatory factor analysis based on a self-management variable measurement model based on experts' views with the aim of improving the productivity of the Iran-Azerbaijan International Cycling Tour from the perspective of economic so MoreThe aim of the present study was a confirmatory factor analysis based on a self-management variable measurement model based on experts' views with the aim of improving the productivity of the Iran-Azerbaijan International Cycling Tour from the perspective of economic sociology. The research method was survey method and confirmatory factor analysis method based on structural equation model was used to review and confirm the subscales and variables of the questionnaires. The statistical population was different experts and thinkers in the field of Iran-Azerbaijan international cycling tour from different organizations and centers and 300 of them were selected by stratified sampling. Data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire consisting of 60 questions. Formal validity (opinions of the supervisor, consultant and experts in the field of sports management) was used to evaluate the validity of the tool. The reliability of the questionnaires was also tested through Cronbach's alpha test. The results obtained also increase with increasing profitability. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
152 - روش آزمونی و روایی آزمونهای شنیداری
رویا خویی سارا پایدار نیادر حیطه آزمون سازی و اندازه گیری، ارزیابی مهارت های شنیداری، علیرغم اهمیت بالای آن ، کمتر مورد توجه و درک متخصصین قرار گرفته و از پیشرفت کمتری نسبت به آنها برخوردار بوده است. اهمیت این حیطه بیشتر ریشه در تأثیرات بازگشتی آن روی تمرین های کلاسی دارد. با توجه به نقش شایان Moreدر حیطه آزمون سازی و اندازه گیری، ارزیابی مهارت های شنیداری، علیرغم اهمیت بالای آن ، کمتر مورد توجه و درک متخصصین قرار گرفته و از پیشرفت کمتری نسبت به آنها برخوردار بوده است. اهمیت این حیطه بیشتر ریشه در تأثیرات بازگشتی آن روی تمرین های کلاسی دارد. با توجه به نقش شایان توجه آزمون های شنیداری در اندازه گیری معلومات زبانی فراگیرندگان، از آن ها انتظار میرود که از روایی سازه ای بالایی برخوردار باشند. پژوهش حاضر به منظور بررسی روایی سازه ای سه نوع متفاوت از آزمون های شنیداری شامل آزمو ن های چهار جوابی، پر کردن جای خالی در خلاصه متن، و پر کردن در متن دست نخورده با هدف اندازه گیری مهارت شنیدن فراگیران زبان انگلیسی به عنوان یک زبان خارجی انجام شد. برای دستیابی به هدف تحقیق، سه متن با سطح دشواری نسبتا یکسان برای ساخت نه آزمون شنیدن برای درک مفهوم مورد استفاده قرار گرفتند. سپس این آزمون ها بر اساس طرح موازنه ای به 91 زبان آموز همگون داده شدند. تحلیل آماری داده ها نشان داد که آزمون چهارجوابی از بالاترین میزان روایی سازه ای برخوردار بود. بعلاوه، بعد از مقایسه ی نتایج آزمون ها با استفاد هاز آزمون ANOVA یکطرفه، نتیجه گرفته شد که آزمون پر کردن جای خالی در متن دست نخورده از همه ی آزمون ها دشوارتر و آزمون چهارجوابی از همه ی آن ها برای شرکت کنندگان در پژوهش آسان تر بود. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
153 - بررسی پایایی و ساختار عاملی مقیاس فارسی ظرفیت خودتنظیمی در یادگیری لغت در محیط انگلیسی به عنوان زبان خارجه در ایران
مریم طالب دعایی سید امیر حسین سرکشیکیان سید عبدالمجید طباطبائیمطالعه حاضر با هدف بررسی پایایی و ساختار عاملی مقیاس فارسی ظرفیت خود تنظیمی در یادگیری واژگان درمحیط زبان انگلیسی به عنوان زبان خارجه در ایران انجام شد. برای این منظور، ابتدا پرسشنامه اصلی با استفاده ازروش ترجمه/ پس ترجمه به زبان فارسی ترجمه ونسخه فارسی در بین 43 دانش آ Moreمطالعه حاضر با هدف بررسی پایایی و ساختار عاملی مقیاس فارسی ظرفیت خود تنظیمی در یادگیری واژگان درمحیط زبان انگلیسی به عنوان زبان خارجه در ایران انجام شد. برای این منظور، ابتدا پرسشنامه اصلی با استفاده ازروش ترجمه/ پس ترجمه به زبان فارسی ترجمه ونسخه فارسی در بین 43 دانش آموز دبیرستانی پایلوت گردید ،و مشخص شد که ابزار مورد مطالعه پایایی درونی قابل قبول دارد ( 0,81 =آلفا) . در مرحله اصلی این مطالعه، یکنمونه متشکل از 1167 دانش آموز (پایه های نهم تا دوازدهم دبیرستان) در پانزده مدارس در سه شهرستان ایرانبه مقیاس فارسی پاسخ دادند. بر اساس نتایج، نسخه فارسی این مقیاس پایایی درونی قابل قبولداشت( 0,81 =آلفا). همچنین، ساختار عاملی نسخه فارسی با استفاده از تحلیل عاملی مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. نتایجنشان داد که مقیاس ترجمه شده از یک بعد با پنج زیر بعد تشکیل شده است که با ساختار عاملی پرسشنامهاصلی تفاوت دارد. یافته های این مطالعه نشان می دهد که نسخه فارسی مقیاس ظرفیت خود تنظیمی درراهبردهای یادگیری واژگان ابزاری با پایایی و روایی لازم برای اندازه گیری راهبرد های خود تنظیمی در یادگیریلغت در ایران است. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
154 - Investigating the Factor Structure and Validity of Teacher Empowerment Scale
zahra shokooh shamsadini Vida Andishmand zahra zeinaddini Mitra Kamyabi Measuring and enhancing teachers' empowerment for developing and maintaining a high-performance and flexible workforce is essential; Therefore, the purpose of this study was to validate the teacher empowerment scale. This descriptive study was conducted using psyc More Measuring and enhancing teachers' empowerment for developing and maintaining a high-performance and flexible workforce is essential; Therefore, the purpose of this study was to validate the teacher empowerment scale. This descriptive study was conducted using psychometric method. The statistical population included all teachers working in Kerman province in 2022. The number of samples was determined according to psychometric criteria to 100 people for the convergent validity section, 750 people for the structural validity section and 100 people for reliability. The samples were selected by cluster sampling method. The research data were collected electronically by sending the questionnaire link to the participants' mobile phones through two scales of teacher empowerment of Ozkan Hidiroglu and Tanriyogen and psychological empowerment of Spreitzer and Mishra. To examine the validity of the scale, content validity, concurrent validity, and factor analysis methods were used. The reliability of the scale was examined using internal consistency and split-half reliability methods. The results showed that the scale has content and concurrent validity (P<0.001). The results of exploratory factor analysis showed that the teacher empowerment scale consists of four factors and has appropriate validity. Confirmatory factor analysis also confirmed the four-factor model. Cronbach's alpha coefficients for the whole scale and subscales ranged from 0.81 to 0/94, indicating the appropriate reliability of this scale. The 37-item teacher empowerment questionnaire can be used to assess teacher empowerment Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
155 - Confirmatory Factor Structure and Psychometric Properties of Student School Dropout Scale (SDS)
mahbnoobeh moosivand mohamamdjavad bagiyankolehmarz moslem ghobadiyan maryam haghaniThe aim of this study was to determine the factor structure and psychometric properties of the dropout risk questionnaire during the Covid-19 epidemic. The research was conducted in the form of a correlational research project. The statistical population of this study c MoreThe aim of this study was to determine the factor structure and psychometric properties of the dropout risk questionnaire during the Covid-19 epidemic. The research was conducted in the form of a correlational research project. The statistical population of this study consists of all high school students in Lorestan province in the second semester of the academic year 1399-1400. The sample of this study was 400 high school students in Lorestan province who were selected by cluster sampling method and answered the questionnaire on dropout risk, learning self-direction, and academic procrastination (for divergent validity). For data analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, Cronbach's alpha coefficient, and Pearson correlation were used using SPSS-26 and AMOS-24 software. The results of confirmatory factor analysis showed that the questionnaire has ten saturated factors and has good fit indicators. In confirmatory factor analysis, out of 48 items of the questionnaire, 45 items were approved. Cronbach's alpha coefficient for each of the subscales of school life satisfaction was 0.86, smartphone dependence 0.83, interest in learning 0.89, school stress 0.82, attitude towards academic life 0.73, relationships with peers, 0.72, parental apathy 0.87, academic achievement anxiety 0.78, life satisfaction 0.87 and will to graduate 0.71 were found to be at an acceptable level. The Persian version of the student risk dropout questionnaire in the student community has acceptable psychometric properties and can be used as a valid tool in psychological research Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
156 - Confirmatory Factor Analysis and Internal Consistency of the Farsi Version of the Questionnaire of Teacher Interaction
Mohammad Azad Abdollahpour Omid ShokriThe main purpose of the present study was to investigate psychometric properties of the Questionnaire of Teacher Interaction (QTI, Lourdusamy & Khine, 2001) among Iranian teachers. In this correlation study, 200 teachers (100 males, 100 female) completed the Questio MoreThe main purpose of the present study was to investigate psychometric properties of the Questionnaire of Teacher Interaction (QTI, Lourdusamy & Khine, 2001) among Iranian teachers. In this correlation study, 200 teachers (100 males, 100 female) completed the Questionnaire of Teacher Interaction (QTI). The confirmatory factor analysis method and internal consistency were used to compute the QTI's factorial validity and reliability, respectively. The results of confirmatory factor analysis, based AMOS software, indicated that multidimensional structure of the QTI consisted leadership, helpful/friendly behavior, understanding, student responsibility and freedom, uncertain, dissatisfied, admonishing and strict behavior had acceptable fit to data in the Iranian teacher’s sample. Internal consistencies for the scales of Questionnaire of Teacher Interaction ranged from 0/55 to 0/70. In sum, these findings provide evidence for the validity and reliability of the QTI as an instrument to measure model of interpersonal relation behavior among Iranian teachers Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
157 - Designing and Validating a Scale of Teachers` Instructional Strategies
Ehsan Azimpour Javad Mesrabadi Peyman YarmohammadzadehThis research was designed to achieve two objectives: a) designing a scale of teachers' instructional strategies and b) Validating the scale. To this end, Delphi method and content analysis were used to design the scale and a within group plan, using descriptive – MoreThis research was designed to achieve two objectives: a) designing a scale of teachers' instructional strategies and b) Validating the scale. To this end, Delphi method and content analysis were used to design the scale and a within group plan, using descriptive – survey method, was used to validate the scale. This study included two samples: for the first purpose of the study 43 teachers, through convenient sampling, were selected and for the second purpose 354 teachers, through stratified random multistage cluster sampling were chosen. To collect the data, two researcher – made instruments were employed. The first questionnaire included an open-ended question in which the teachers were required to list their instructional strategies in their class. The second questionnaire was a 29 – item scale in which the items were chosen from among the teachers` instructional strategies through content analysis and exploratory factor analysis. The results of the exploratory factor analysis showed that all of the teachers` instructional strategies can be classified in seven categories including strategies of learner – centered (cognitive activation), group – based education, focusing and motivating, providing an optimal environment, direct teaching (teacher – centered), controlling the educational process, and preparation. Teachers can employ various instructional strategies to provide appropriate learning environment for students and directly affect the quality of educational process. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
158 - Construction, Validation, Reliability and Normalization of Academic State Motivation Inventory
Noushin Derakhshan Aliakbar Saif Alireza Kiamanesh Hasan AhadiThe academic motivation due to its important role in school learning is the basis for several research in the field of educational psychology. However, less research has been paid to the distinction between state academic motivation and trait academic motivation. While MoreThe academic motivation due to its important role in school learning is the basis for several research in the field of educational psychology. However, less research has been paid to the distinction between state academic motivation and trait academic motivation. While there is no suitable tool for measuring this factor, this study aimed to make appropriate instrumentation to assess the academic motivation state. In order to achieve this goal, a questionnaire on the basis of theoretical principles in the areas of academic motivation was prepared. Through the pilot study and survey respondents and ten professors of psychology, the content related validity was confirmed, and its reliability in the pilot study with internal consistency and Cronbach`s alpha coefficient was calculated as. 0.95. This questionnaire had 53 questions for the final run conducted on a sample of 300 students of PNU based on random sampling. To analyze the research data, Bartlett`s sohericity test, factor analysis with various rotations, Cronbach`s alpha, percentage norm, and categorical norm were used. As a result of factor analysis and based on scree four factors were found in the academic motivation state questionnaire. Cronbach`s alpha coefficient for the total test was. 0.91, and for the subscales of interest in class and interpersonal communication 0.89, interest in competence and self – efficacy 0.68, interest in the course and field of study 0.67, and interest in praise and encouragement 0.76. Based on the performance of the participats, percentage norm table and categorical norm table were developed for the questionnar of academic state movtivation and its subscales. Highly valid and reliable tool with necessary standardization for application in educational and psychological research. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
159 - The normalization and exploratory factor analysis of the school attitude assessment survey-rivised
Javad MesrabadiIdentifying and assessment of effective emotional factors on academic achievement is one of the active and important area in educational psychology. This study examined normalization of reliability and validity of the school attitude assessment questionnaire–revis MoreIdentifying and assessment of effective emotional factors on academic achievement is one of the active and important area in educational psychology. This study examined normalization of reliability and validity of the school attitude assessment questionnaire–revised. The questionnaire included 35 questions which measures five effective emotional factors on academic achievement (academic self–perception, attitude toward school, attitude toward teachers and classes, goal-valuation of school, and motivation/self regulation). Out of the statistical population 317 people were chosen as the sample size. The method of sampling was multistage cluster random sampling. To investigate the validity and reliability confirmatory factor analysis and cronbach alpha were used respectively. Using varimax rotation and factor analysis and omission of three questions five components were revealed. The revealed components and the load of them corresponded with author’s findings. The results showed that the instrument and its subscales have a high reliability. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
160 - Resource Productivity Indicators in Scientific and Technological Organizations Human
Najaf Ghrachorloo Javid ghahremani nahrProductivity can be studied from different dimensions such as energy efficiency, capital, manpower, equipment, etc. Productivity of human resources is one of its most important dimensions and the correct use of other resources also depends on its productivity. Identifyi MoreProductivity can be studied from different dimensions such as energy efficiency, capital, manpower, equipment, etc. Productivity of human resources is one of its most important dimensions and the correct use of other resources also depends on its productivity. Identifying and describing productivity indicators in different dimensions is one of the basic steps of productivity management. This is especially important in scientific and technological organizations. In the current study, the statistical population includes managers and experts of scientific and technological organizations. In this article, the mentioned indicators, with a sample size of 350 were reviewed through a questionnaire using qualitative methods of content analysis and content analysis and confirmatory factor analysis using MAXQDA, SPSS and AMOS software. The results revealed five general indicators: "effective and efficient planning", "financial and technological factors", "motivation, commitment and teamwork spirit","competitiveness and development" and "knowledge, skills and system thinking" as the most important indicators of human resource productivity in scientific and technological organizations. The indicator of knowledge, skills and system thinking has the lowest coefficient and that of effective and efficient planning has the highest coefficient in the final model. Accordingly, to increase the productivity of their human resources, scientific and technological organizations should pay special attention to team building skills, development of decentralized decision processes, strengthening the spirit of participation along with factors such as improving the quality of equipment, technologies and financial issues. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
161 - Operationalizing Organizational Strategies to Predictively Control Implementational Risks
saba hedayatifar DAvood feiz hassan amiriAchieving higher organizational performance standards entails not merely vivid illustration but also implementation of policies and actions. The purpose of the present study, hence, was to identify risks involved in operationalization of organizational strategies and to MoreAchieving higher organizational performance standards entails not merely vivid illustration but also implementation of policies and actions. The purpose of the present study, hence, was to identify risks involved in operationalization of organizational strategies and to offer a pattern to predictively control their occurrence. To achieve the purpose, interviews were conducted with experts in the field to delineate probable risks and the results were interpreted through Soft System Modelling. Further, effective preventive activities to control the risks and promote successful implementation of organizational strategies were explored. Next, factors common in the activities were categorized through Exploratory Factor Analysis into three groups to promote efficient management of strategic operationalization. The findings discriminated probability measurement of strategic implementation, alignment and proportion exploration and implementation of strategies as three effective activities that can control implementational and operational risks. This led to a tripartite-stage pattern of organizational strategy operationalization capable of diagnosing viable flaws of the proposing and implementing strategies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
162 - Recognizing Factors Preventing the Establishment of Meritocracy System at the level of Management of Government Organizations in the City of Ahwaz
Faraj Allah Rahnavard Mahmoud Shirazi farhad gheisariThe present research has been carried out to identify the factors inhibiting the establishment of meritocracy at the level of professional managers of governmental organizations in the city of Ahwaz. To do this, the researchers have addressed three questions. The first MoreThe present research has been carried out to identify the factors inhibiting the establishment of meritocracy at the level of professional managers of governmental organizations in the city of Ahwaz. To do this, the researchers have addressed three questions. The first question tries to discover the factors preventing the establishment of meritocracy. The second question seeks to rate the inhibitory factors according to their importance. And finally, the third question tries to determine the structural relations between the preventing factors and meritocracy system. Based on the research methodology, the exploratory factor analysis has been applied for the statistical population (N=10377), and through the use of Morgan’s Sampling Table, a sample of 384 has been chosen. Also, for data analysis, a researcher-designed questionnaire has been utilized in two parts. The first part to identify the degree of meritocracy establishment and the second part to recognize the factors inhibiting the establishment of meritocracy. The reliability of the questionnaires, based on Cronbach’s alpha has been 0.93 and 0.83, respectively. The collected data have been analyzed by using the statistical software spss and other tools in descriptive and inferential statistics. The findings have led to the conclusion that nepotism, inequality of opportunities, and superficiality are the three preventing factors. Also, it can be concluded that nepotism is ranked first, inequality of opportunities the second, and superficiality the third from the viewpoint of importance. Finally, the results showed that there is a statistically significant relation between the inhibitory factors and meritocracy establishment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
163 - A Model for Organizational Resilience
Maghsood Amiri laya olfat Kamran Feizi Mohammad Ali Salehi AbarqueeResearch findings have indicated that the crisis management capacity of social organizations significantly influences the extent to which various communities can adequately which has been defined as an organization's capacity in anticipating crises, minimizing their imp MoreResearch findings have indicated that the crisis management capacity of social organizations significantly influences the extent to which various communities can adequately which has been defined as an organization's capacity in anticipating crises, minimizing their impacts, resisting resultant damages and effectively responding to and tackling challenging situations, has become a major concern in organizational research. Hence, the purpose of the present study was to identify various facets and indicators of organizational resilience, design a Resilience Model, and thereby, to help organizations to promote their resilience. The Resilient Model was designed employing a qualitative research methodology and using systematic review and interviewing experts as data collection instruments. The Model was validated via confirmatory factor analysis and was employed in evaluating resilience of three leather industrial firms. Results revealed that the firms were not resilient and significantly needed further investigation of organizational resilience indicators and reform planning. This Model can vividly identify strengths and weaknesses of organizational resilience and offer implications for overcoming weaknesses. Encounter crises and rise to challenges. Social organizations play a key role in accelerating the process of restoring social order by offering efficient emergency services. Therefore, organizational resilience Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
164 - Measuring the Degree of Development in East Azerbaijan Towns Based on Human Development Index (HDI)
Karamatollah Ziadi Navid Saidi Rezvani Leila Baggal SalehpourThe main purpose of this research is measuring the degree of development in East Azerbaijan towns based on some development indexes in order to obtain the quantity and reasons of regional non-equality along with presenting some solutions for decreasing the degree of non MoreThe main purpose of this research is measuring the degree of development in East Azerbaijan towns based on some development indexes in order to obtain the quantity and reasons of regional non-equality along with presenting some solutions for decreasing the degree of non-development of the areas. The method of research is descriptive - analytical using HDI model (human development index) that uses reduced indexes from 31 to 7 economical-social, popular, settlement facilities, sanitary-treatment, occupation, natural-economical substructures, agriculture and the combined index of seven indexes in years 1365,1375 and 1385 time sequences. According to the results obtained from the analysis of the model, there is a fundamental difference in providing development indexes among the towns and these towns are gradable in three groups of developed, semi developed and deprived, and with the passing of the time the rate of development has been increased. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
165 - The Prediction of the Success of New Product Development Using the Combination of Factor Analysis and Artificial Neural Network
Gholamraza Soltani Fesaghandis Alireza Pooya Mostafa Kazemi Zahra Naji AzimiThe success of new products is as the greatest element for the company's success and even their survival. However, numerous studies show that the failure rate of new product development as a fundamental problem in many companies has been raised. Many companies are tryin MoreThe success of new products is as the greatest element for the company's success and even their survival. However, numerous studies show that the failure rate of new product development as a fundamental problem in many companies has been raised. Many companies are trying to predict the success of the development of new product before its development. The aim of this study was to predict the success of new product development using a combination of factor analysis and artificial neural network in the food and beverage industry. This research based on purpose is practical and based on method is descriptive. The population of this research is the food and beverage manufacturers in the province of East Azerbaijan in 1394. In order to collect data two questionnaires have been distributed among the population after the validity and reliability assessments. In order to analyze the data in this study, factor analysis and artificial neural network is used. Analysis of the data revealed the presence of six main structures as factors in the success of new product development: conceptualization of new product, market orientation, design orientation, technology orientation, use of sources, and management of new product development as the effective elements in the development of the success of new product. Furthermore, the prediction of the success of new product’s development using neural networks shows that the designed network was able to predict the success of the development of new product correctly. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
166 - Presenting a desirable pattern for selecting the Faculty Members in Iranian universities
Nabiollah Mohammadi Reza Najaf Beigi Morteza Mousa Khani Akbar Alem TabrizThis study aimed at providing a desirable model for selection the faculty members for universities in Iran. Both qualitative and quantitative approaches were used in three successive stages. The method of this study was inductive exploratory, cross-sectional, and develo MoreThis study aimed at providing a desirable model for selection the faculty members for universities in Iran. Both qualitative and quantitative approaches were used in three successive stages. The method of this study was inductive exploratory, cross-sectional, and developmental study. The data were collected by using non-interactive method (library and content analysis) and survey method (open, structured and Semi-structured questionnaires). The Statistical population included all the faculty members in universities in Iran (with the exception of Universities of Medical Sciences and Health Services). For content analysis, the texts were selected based on theoretical sampling which is commonly used method in grounded theory strategy. Using snowball method, 21 experts participated in semi-structured interviews. In confirmatory factor analysis stage, the sample size was determined to be 360 participants; also, 20 experts completed the ANP questionnaire. In the first stage, the qualitative data were analyzed in the process of conducting grounded theory; this led to design of initial model. Then, using a quantitative approach, the conceptual model was validated and the final criteria for selecting faculty members were determined by using confirmatory factor analysis in software SPSS. The cluster network analysis process in software Super decision was used to determine the importance of each of the dimensions, criteria, and indicators of model. Then, the final model was provided. This model may be used for selection of faculty members and also for its pathology in universities in Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
167 - A Model of Employees' Empowerment Activities Aiming at Productivity Promotion in Small and Medium Industries
Houshang TaghizadehEmployees' empowerment is one of the most effective techniques to increase employees' productivity and optimal use of their individual and group capacities and capabilities in line with organizational goals. Accordingly, today issues and findings related to employees' e MoreEmployees' empowerment is one of the most effective techniques to increase employees' productivity and optimal use of their individual and group capacities and capabilities in line with organizational goals. Accordingly, today issues and findings related to employees' empowerment have attracted attentions of many researchers to focus on organizational issues. This article aims at providing employees' empowerment model aiming at productivity promotion from the managers' point of view in small and medium industries located in East Azarbaijan province. The research method was applied and the statistical population included all managers in small and medium industries in East Azarbaijan province. Using Cochran's formula the sample size included 601 people. To collect the data a questionnaire was used. In order to analyze the data the exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses have been used. The results showed that "individual growth and job designing", "formality recognition and transparency of tasks", "considering environment and decentralization", "leadership style" and "man-power issues, working teams were indicated as employees' empowerment methods for aforementioned population. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
168 - A Model for assessing Lean Production in SMEs using Combining Confirmatory Factor analysis, Cluster Analysis and LINMAP Technique
Nasser Fegh-hi FarahmandThe aim of the study was to present a model for assessing leanproduction in small and medium industries through combinationconfirmatory factor analysis, clustering and LINMAP Technique. Fourquestions were raised to achieve the mentioned objective. The researchmethod was MoreThe aim of the study was to present a model for assessing leanproduction in small and medium industries through combinationconfirmatory factor analysis, clustering and LINMAP Technique. Fourquestions were raised to achieve the mentioned objective. The researchmethod was descriptive survey. The statistical population included all thecompanies of small and medium units of basic metals and fabricatedindustries in East Azerbaijan province witch was added up to 245companies, using random sampling method and Morgan's table thesample size was 181 companies. To gather the data a questionnaireresearcher made was used. The reliability was 0.803. To analyze the datain the study of LINMAP, confirmatory factor analysis and clusteringwere used. The results for eight lean manufacturing structure includedtimely production, total quality management, maintenance, relations withsuppliers, customer relations, human resource management, processmanagement, and the betterment program on factory level. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
169 - Identification of Challenges and Designing a Product Sale Improvement Model via Structural Equation Modelling: East Azarbaijan Electronic Power Industry
Mir saeid Yazhari Hassan Rasooli saghai Morteza MahmoudzadehThe purpose of the present applied and descriptive study was to identify challenges in electric power industry in East Azarbaijan province and to design a model for promoting the level of product sales. A researcher-made questionnaire was employed to collect the researc MoreThe purpose of the present applied and descriptive study was to identify challenges in electric power industry in East Azarbaijan province and to design a model for promoting the level of product sales. A researcher-made questionnaire was employed to collect the research data. The content validity of the questionnaire was verified by the specialists in the field and especially the supervisor. The design of the questionnaire initiated with exploratory factor analysis to identify factors influencing efficiency in Electronics Industry. The analyses specified 18 intercorrelated variables that were classified under four general groups including Internal reinforcement like innovative product design, market and sale, macro business environment like technical, social, economic and environmental factors, strengthening internal infrastructures like laboratories, chip design and modern technology and factors related to the industrial context like consumers, customers and competitors. Further, the intervening effect of marketing, competitive and research factors as well as the moderating effect of professional shopping and chip design probability were examined. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
170 - A Study on the Political Participation and its Effective Factors Among High School Students
Mousa Tayabinia Asadollah Naghdi -
Open Access Article
171 - Express of the Physical –Functional Components of Life Quality using FA Method (case study: Hemmat Abad, Isfahan)
شیما صراف نیا Zahra Sadat Saeideh zarabadiToday, urban planning is a comprehensive issue that in its right way, addresses to improve the quality of life for citizens in the form of a dynamic and powerful process and to achieve this, improvement of citizens life quality is one of the requirements in all planning MoreToday, urban planning is a comprehensive issue that in its right way, addresses to improve the quality of life for citizens in the form of a dynamic and powerful process and to achieve this, improvement of citizens life quality is one of the requirements in all planning dimensions. According to importance of this issue, present study is carried out with the aim of improving life quality in Hemmat Abad of Isfahan with emphasizing effective physical-functional components. Therefore, in the research, basic and main aim is to improve urban life quality of citizens of Hemmat Abab. Research method is developmental-applied and data type is qualitative and quantitative mix. Data gathering was done using survey and documental studies and factor analysis was used for analyzing data. Results of this research indicate that inappropriate distribution of applications leads to different life quality in neighborhood blocks. Also, old texture of the neighborhood has reduced life quality in the neighborhood that satisfaction level of residents of their life quality is low. Finally, some solutions are also introduced for improving lie quality in the neighborhood to be useful evaluation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
172 - Assessing the Urban Quality of Life (Case Study: Manzarie Town of Khomeini Shahr)
Samira ShahinIn recent centuries, the rapid growth of urbanization in developing countries, along with an objective approach to development, has added to the objective and mental disorders of Third World cities. Nevertheless, the emergence of a qualitative approach to development co MoreIn recent centuries, the rapid growth of urbanization in developing countries, along with an objective approach to development, has added to the objective and mental disorders of Third World cities. Nevertheless, the emergence of a qualitative approach to development concepts provided the basis for raising the issue of quality of life. This is an issue that means the viability of a place today, and its promotion is emphasized not only as a tool to deal with the adverse consequences of conventional growth and development policies, but also as the main goal of development (Faraji et al., 2012: 49). Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the urban quality of life in Manzarie town located in KhomeiniShahr and determine the most effective factors in the formation of residents' satisfaction or dissatisfaction with the current urban quality of life in the area. The method of analysis of this research is descriptive-analytical. To collect information, library and survey methods and questionnaires and to assess the urban quality of life in the study area, factor analysis and t-test were used. First, by t-test, the satisfaction status of each The variable was determined from the respondents' point of view and then using factor analysis and normalization of their scores, the variables were classified into 8 factors and the score of each factor was determined. The results of the analysis indicate the low level of urban quality of life in the study area from the perspective of its residents. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
173 - Comparing Kordestan's Development Inequality with Iran's Other Provinces
Akbar Veisi Karim Hoseinzadeh Dalir بختیار عزت پناهThis research aimed to consider and compare Kordestan's development inequality with other provinces of Iran during two statistical periods, 1996-2006. The research method was descriptive-analytic. To measure development inequality 25 different population, hygienic, educ MoreThis research aimed to consider and compare Kordestan's development inequality with other provinces of Iran during two statistical periods, 1996-2006. The research method was descriptive-analytic. To measure development inequality 25 different population, hygienic, educational, cultural and social indexes whose data were gathered from written sources and published documents by economic-social official organizations (Statistical Center of Iran, Vice President of Strategic Planning and Monitoring) and conducted case studies were used. The required data were gathered through the calendars of the statistical center of Iran in 1996 and 2006 and were analyzed using factor analysis method in SPSS software. Then the total of factor scores was calculated and their average was considered as a criterion for Provinces' development level and provinces' rating was calculated and the total of factor scores of Kordestan and average of factor scores were computed and their difference and the amount of development inequality between them were obtained. The place of Kordestan and other provinces were traced using GIS9.3 software in Iranian Space Agency. The results of the research indicated inequality between Kordestan with state average in population, hygienic, educational, cultural and social levels and indexes which was 2.66 and 2.92 in 1996 and 2006 respectively named inequality and the gap of development level between this province and the average of the country. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
174 - Habitat suitability modeling Stipa barbata species using Ecological Niche Factor Analysis (case study: Taleghan Rangelands)
محمدعلی زارع چاهوکی محبوبه عباسیThis study was done aimed to determine the habitat suitability of S. barbata species using ecological niche factor analysis in rangeland of Taleghan miany. Stipa barbata species has good quality and the preference value that is important in soil conservation and forage MoreThis study was done aimed to determine the habitat suitability of S. barbata species using ecological niche factor analysis in rangeland of Taleghan miany. Stipa barbata species has good quality and the preference value that is important in soil conservation and forage production for livestock. In order to habitat suitability modeling for this species were used than presence point and the soil variables such as the information layers of gravel, pH, lime, organic matter, N, K, P, sand, clay, silt and topographic variables maps (slope, aspect and Height) were used as variables affecting the species. The results of the study indicate that in the habitat suitability of S. barbata species in the study area environment variables height, direction of North, EC has a negative impact and depth, lime, organic matter and pH variables has a positive impact, And have been important factors. Accuracy model is calculated 87/5% using continue Boyce index that to verify the accuracy of the model results. Kappa coefficient obtained by matching the prediction map with ground truth equal 0.76. According to the results obtained values marginality (1.64), specialization (8.39) and toleranc of (0.119) obtained from the model, it can be concluded that the S. barbata species is specialty relative to the specific conditions of the environment variables, and tolerate the specific domain of environmental variables in the range the study area. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
175 - An Analysis of the Factors Affecting the Decrease of Social Security in Urban Areas (A Case Study of District Two of the Holy City of Qom)
vahid barani pesyan Mohammad Reza Pour Ghlami mohammad reza pourgholami-sarvandaniThere are different opinions on the reasons why urban communities have been created. One of these views is the city's rise based on defense. In this research using a descriptive-analytical method, the factors of crime and social anomalies in the two regions of the holy MoreThere are different opinions on the reasons why urban communities have been created. One of these views is the city's rise based on defense. In this research using a descriptive-analytical method, the factors of crime and social anomalies in the two regions of the holy city of Qom have been investigated. For this purpose, a questionnaire was developed and distributed among the 212 citizens of district 2 in Qom. Using Chi-square, one-sample t-test, and factorial analysis the results of the study were analyzed in the SPSS software. Before the analysis the KMO test was used to ensure the researchers of the suitability of data for analysis. The KMO which was estimated to be 0.73 indicated the existence of suitable data in the study. The result of the study was that factors like spaces with minimal visibility, lack of proper urban management, low light spaces, lack of proper urban planning, inappropriate transportation, and inadequacies of the security forces have caused abnormalities and as a result have decreased the security in the district two of Qom. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
176 - The role of urban public space in the formation of social trust (Case study: Chamran Boulevard in Shiraz metropolitan)
alireza abdolahzadeChanges in human society, from Pre-modern societies to modern societies depends on the complexity, density and interconnectedness of social relations. Social trust, expand community has made. Without trust we cannot see social order, balance, solidarity and social cohes MoreChanges in human society, from Pre-modern societies to modern societies depends on the complexity, density and interconnectedness of social relations. Social trust, expand community has made. Without trust we cannot see social order, balance, solidarity and social cohesion in the society. Trust as one of the pre-conditions for comprehensive development of any society is essential. With the expansion of trust we can replace positive moral values with the negative ones. According to the idea of Giddens more distance between people will make more need of trust. Changing a traditional society in to modern causes that the modern people redefine the trust network and radius of it. The Theorist like Jacobs think that the urban spaces has an important role in making the face to face relations. The aim of this study is the investigation of the urban spaces role in the formation of social trust. Sample size determined by Morgan table. 150 Questionnaire completed in Chamran. Spss software was used for data analysis. According to the questionnaire and literature study Indexing was done. The correlation coefficient, multiple regression with enter method and factor analysis were used to analyze the data. Regression analysis showed that the selected variables in urban areas have an important role in the formation of social trust. Using factor analysis, it was found that the radius of trust and physical qualities the most influence in the development and increase of social trust in urban areas. The results between content and form showed that the content plays a dominant role in the formation of social trust. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
177 - Investigating and analyzing the developmental level of rural areas with factor analysis method (Case Study: Vakil Abad village of Kerman Province)
Mohammad Sadeqh Oliaei Somayeh AziziRural areas as the smallest geographical unit and the differences in them, despite the homogeneity of rural development, can be studied. Rural development is one of the country's development programs, One of the pillars of comprehensive development and its integration i MoreRural areas as the smallest geographical unit and the differences in them, despite the homogeneity of rural development, can be studied. Rural development is one of the country's development programs, One of the pillars of comprehensive development and its integration is to eliminate the economic and social imbalances of the regions and In order to solve problems caused by regional imbalances, the first step is to recognize and level the regions in terms of development in different fields. Considering the discussed issues, the present study is conducted using a descriptive-analytical approach to investigate and analyze the development level of villages in Vakil Abad village using factor analysis method.The 44 indicators used in this study in three environmental, socio-cultural and economic dimensions, which have been reduced to 12 significant factors by factor analysis, are selected to emphasize all aspects of rural villages in Vakil Abad village.The method is quantitative and the sample size is determined by the Cochran formula 310. For analysis of Excel software, Spss, ArcGIS is used to draw maps. After analysis, the results show that there is a significant difference between the villages of Vakil Abad village and these villages can be ranked in three groups with high development level, moderate level of development and level Development is low. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
178 - A Spatial Analysis of Poverty Traps and Urban Deprivation in Qom
mojtaba rafieian nafiseh zahedThe poverty traps in urban areas cause lack of effective development in the society and harm the urban society. The residents of these urban poverty traps are the poorest ones. They always have the minimum urban services and facilities and are in the lowest level of int MoreThe poverty traps in urban areas cause lack of effective development in the society and harm the urban society. The residents of these urban poverty traps are the poorest ones. They always have the minimum urban services and facilities and are in the lowest level of integration with the urban context and its residents. Paying serious attention to urban policies which seems very necessary and important can prevent the emergence and deep poverty traps. Therefore, the effective factors, at first, should be characterized and then, policies should be designed and implemented in accordance with them. In this study, the most important factors affecting the formation of spatial poverty traps in the city of Qom have been examined. In this process, to review the factors affecting the formation of spatial poverty traps and measuring the poverty level, the factor analysis type R was used. The results showed that five factors are the main effective factors of the emerging poverty traps in Qom which explain 88.93 percent of urban poverty in this city. Using the factor score, the traps were classified to 5 ranges, from very low to very high poverty rates. In this classification Sahrak­ Saheb-al Zaman, Jamkaran and Ismael Abad’s traps had the highest level of poverty. To measure the spatial distribution of urban traps Moran's I coefficient and General Statistics G were used. The results showed that the spatial distribution of poverty traps has cluster pattern with a high concentration. Also, the results of correlation analysis showed that poverty rate of traps has a strong correlation between the indices of the number of unskilled workers, rental house rates, the rate of illiteracy, lack of basic facilities of housing, unsustainable housing, and poor quality of the residential environment. So the most important action plan should be done to improve housing conditions, improving employment and improving access to public services such as educational services. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
179 - Analysis of Effective Factors in Increasing the Resilience of Urban Communities against the Corona Epidemic with a Community-Based Disaster Risk Management Approach) the Case of Zanjan (
mohsen ahadnejad reveshty Hossein Tahmasebi moghadam mohamad taghi heydariDuring the pandemic and spread of Corona Virus, human life, and cities were exposed to a difficult risk, which has exposed urban societies in all their elements, more than just local and topical damages. Therefore, the current research aims to analyze the effective fact MoreDuring the pandemic and spread of Corona Virus, human life, and cities were exposed to a difficult risk, which has exposed urban societies in all their elements, more than just local and topical damages. Therefore, the current research aims to analyze the effective factors that increase social resilience to the Corona epidemic through social crisis management. This research is descriptive-analytical and practical in terms of its purpose. Based on an analysis of the theoretical foundations of the research and a Delphi method with experts in urban planning who belong to research centers and universities as panelists, the research components were identified. This research used a library method and a survey method in the form of a questionnaire to collect the required data. In the analysis section of the confirmatory factor analysis model in the form of structural equation modeling in AMOS software, the type of components was analyzed according to the impact and effectiveness on other components. The analysis of the structure of the identified effective factors using confirmatory factor analysis shows that the identified factors have a significant structural relationship in creating resilient communities against Corona in Zanjan. The results also show that participation and social networks factor (F1) with a factor load of 0.89, social capital factor (F2) with a factor load of 0.88, knowledge and skills (F3) with a factor load of 0.85, and awareness (F4) with a factor load of 0.75, have the greatest effect in creating resilient societies against the corona disease. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
180 - Analysis and Explaining the Correlation Pattern between Dimensions and Indicators of Viability in Zahedan
Younes Shahnavazi Mahmoud Reza Anvari Maryam Karimian BostaniSustainability is one of the new approaches defined in the system of urban studies that is fully in line with sustainable development. Indeed, the biodiversity approach focuses on the overall health of an urban system. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to analyze MoreSustainability is one of the new approaches defined in the system of urban studies that is fully in line with sustainable development. Indeed, the biodiversity approach focuses on the overall health of an urban system. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to analyze and explain the correlation pattern between dimensions and indicators of viability in Zahedan. The qualitative and quantitative methods as well as applied research, software such as LISREL, SPSS, and factor analysis were used to analyze the obtained data. The results of the Kayser-Meier and Walkin (KMO) criterion showed that with a significance level of less than 0.05, factor analysis is significant to identify the structure and factor model. The results of LISREL software show a good proportion of data biodiversity dimensions. The second-order factor analysis also showed, that all factor loadings are meaningful and support the indicators and components well. The results of the study showed a correlation matrix of viability, the viability of the highest correlation between the size of the urban environment and urban infrastructure facilities, and a correlation coefficient of 0.81. It can also be concluded that the correlation coefficient between the components is of a high significance level of 0.000. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
181 - Assessing the Desirability of the Social Participation Component in Urban Regeneration (A case of historical context of Soro, Bandar Abbas)
Mehdi Jafari Koorosh Afzali Mostafa Zahiri NiaUrban regeneration is a comprehensive and integrated approach, emphasizing the expansion of intergroup relationships through voluntary associations, clubs, unions, and typically local and non-governmental groups. This applied research aims to assess the desirability of MoreUrban regeneration is a comprehensive and integrated approach, emphasizing the expansion of intergroup relationships through voluntary associations, clubs, unions, and typically local and non-governmental groups. This applied research aims to assess the desirability of social participation in the reconstruction of the historical neighborhood of Soro. Utilizing a descriptive-analytical methodology, this study is designed to evaluate the desirability of the social participation component in redeveloping the historical context of Soro from the perspective of local residents. The information was collected through library studies, employing a questionnaire and interviews. The sample size consists of 400 local residents, and for data analysis, SPSS software and the factor analysis method were employed. Through content analysis and a review of various sources and theoretical texts, indicators were extracted and classified into four groups: internal, relatively internal, external, and relatively external indicators. The results revealed that 44% of social indicators are most influenced by internal factors, followed by 28% for cultural indicators, 16% for physical indicators, and 12% for economic indicators, respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
182 - طراحی و روایی سنجی پرسشنامه سواد تحقیق کمی
Alireza Zaker Mania Nosratiniaهمزمان با پیدایش دغدغه ها و روش های جدید و متعدد در انجام تحقیق در حوزه آموزش زبان انگلیسی، انجام تحقیق در این حوزه تبدیل به فرآیندی پیچیده و چند بعدی شده است، و به نظر می رسد که محققان در حوزه آموزش زبان انگلیسی نیازمند به برخورداری از مهارتهای پیشرفته تحقیق به منظور پ Moreهمزمان با پیدایش دغدغه ها و روش های جدید و متعدد در انجام تحقیق در حوزه آموزش زبان انگلیسی، انجام تحقیق در این حوزه تبدیل به فرآیندی پیچیده و چند بعدی شده است، و به نظر می رسد که محققان در حوزه آموزش زبان انگلیسی نیازمند به برخورداری از مهارتهای پیشرفته تحقیق به منظور پرداختن به موضوعات مرتبط به آموزش می باشند. با تمرکز بروی تحقیق کمی، این تحقیق تالشی بود در جهت طراحی و روایی سنجی یک ابزار برای سنجش سواد تحقیق کمی در محیط های تربیت معلم آموزش زبان انگلیسی. بدین منظور، یک مدل 4 عاملی سواد تحقیق کمی بر پایه نظرات دریافتی از خبرگان دانشگاهی در حوزه تحقیق در آموزش زبان انگلیسی و مطالعه عمیق تحقیقات در زمینه آموزش زبان انگلیسی طراحی گردید که شامل دانش طراحی عنوان تحقیق، دانش طرح ریزی تحقیق، دانش رویه تحقیق، و دانش تحلیل داده ها می گردید. آزمایش مدل اولیه بواسطه انجام تحلیل عاملی اکتشافی و تاییدی بروی داده های گردآوری شده از 1180 مدرس زبان انگلیسی با 3 سطح مختلف تحصیالت دانشگاهی آشکار نمود که یک مدل 4 عاملی سواد تحقیق کمی با 9 عامل فرعی و 50 سوال به خوبی سواد تحقیق کمی را توضیح می دهد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
183 - A Study of Exploratory Factor Analytic Model: Identifying Optimal Number of Factors Affecting Reflection-for-action Scale
Nazanin Forghani Mohammad Bavali Ehsan Hadipour Fard -
Open Access Article
184 - Social, Cultural and Linguistic Factors Affecting EFL Learners’ Language Proficiency: A Quantitative Analysis
Somaye Amirabadi Seyyed Ayatollah Razmjoo -
Open Access Article
185 - Reconceptualizing the Main Factors of Reflection-for-Action in an Iranian EFL Context
Nazanin Forghani Mohammad Bavali Ehsan Hadipour Fard -
Open Access Article
186 - Presenting a model of organizational ambivalence based on the tasks of Islamic human resource management in Naja
salim Sanai Masoud Pour Kiyani Sanjar Salajegheh Saeed SayyadiIslamic human resource management is one of the most important organizational areas that has an impact on organizational performance, and with proper focus and optimal use of this important, a balance between stability and change can be created; On the other hand, atten MoreIslamic human resource management is one of the most important organizational areas that has an impact on organizational performance, and with proper focus and optimal use of this important, a balance between stability and change can be created; On the other hand, attention to the concept of dualism is growing. As a result, in the current research, the department of human resources management in the police force of the Islamic Republic of Iran has been considered as the most efficient department for the realization of organizational dualism, and in this research, the model of organizational duality has been presented based on the tasks of Islamic human resource management in Naja. In order to collect the data, the opinions of the experts and experts of Naja were used by using a semi-structured interview and a questionnaire. Excel software was used for theme analysis and SPS software was used for exploratory factor analysis. Using theme analysis, 120 core codes were identified in 8 selective code categories (planning, performance evaluation, requirements, Islamic work relations, retention, power of influence, recruitment based on Islamic criteria and Islamic education). Exploratory factor analysis also classified the selective codes in two dimensions of exploration and exploitation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
187 - Determining the Ranking of Industrial Investments in Gilan Province
Abdorrahim Hashemi Dizaj esmaeil sabouriThe main purpose of this study is to identify the capabilities and potentials of industrial sector in Gilan Province to direct the private sector investments toward these industries. For this purpose, we used a method mixed of factor analysis, numerical taxonomy, cluste MoreThe main purpose of this study is to identify the capabilities and potentials of industrial sector in Gilan Province to direct the private sector investments toward these industries. For this purpose, we used a method mixed of factor analysis, numerical taxonomy, cluster analysis by indexes related to the subject in industrial activities of the province during 2001-2009 in terms of ISIC (3rd Edition), and then by mixing the results obtained, the industries existing in province are divided in two priorities; the first and the second priority. Industrial activities related to the codes 152; production of dairies products, 171; spinning, knitting and completing textile, 172; production of other textile, 181; clothing production except the fur clothing, 201; sawing and grating of wood, 222; printing and service activities related to printing, 232; production of oil products refined, 242; other chemical products, 251; production of tire products except shoes, 281; production of metal construction products, reservoirs and steam generators, 343; production of motor vehicles parts and their motors and 361; production of furniture are the activities having next priorities in Gilan province to be invested. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
188 - Explaining Effective Factors on Tourism Satisfaction from Rural Tourism (Case Study: Village of Venus)
jamshid einali mohammadali elahi chooranresults Tourism development in rural areas. The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors affecting the satisfaction of tourists from the rural tourism space in the village of Venus. The type of applied research and descriptive-analytical method were used for Moreresults Tourism development in rural areas. The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors affecting the satisfaction of tourists from the rural tourism space in the village of Venus. The type of applied research and descriptive-analytical method were used for gathering information using library and field method (questionnaire, observation and questionnaire). The statistical population of the study in the studied area was measured randomly. The findings of the research indicate that the result of the reduction of 39 variables was eight factors: access to basic services, factor for the facilities in the area of attraction, the suitability of costs, the factor of the social and cultural personality of the inhabitants of the region The factor of safety, the factor of access to health and life has been the factor of access to natural attractions and cleanliness, among which the access to attraction and basic services with a special value of 8.678, which alone can calculate the 34/15 variance Which was recognized as one of the most important factors in the satisfaction of the village of Venus. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
189 - An Analysis of the Effects of Tourism on Rural Areas Development in Isfahan Province (The Case Study of Jaja Village)
Mohammad Sadegh Ebrahimi Esmaiel IzadRural tourism could be considered as an income-generating activity in rural areas. In this paper, some positive and negative effects of rural tourism were studied. The survey method was employed and the necessary data were collected through questionnaires. The num MoreRural tourism could be considered as an income-generating activity in rural areas. In this paper, some positive and negative effects of rural tourism were studied. The survey method was employed and the necessary data were collected through questionnaires. The number of questionnaire was determined using the Cochran formula (n=34). In this paper, the individual characteristics, priorities of respondents about positive and negative effects of rural tourism were examined and the relationship between the variables was estimated; also, the positive and negative effects of rural tourism on rural areas development were analyzed. The results of the study showed that the most important positive effect of rural tourism was to help create an extra income and the most important negative effect of rural tourism was increasing rural land prices and spreading mediates. The results of factor analysis have also shown positive effects factors for economic- infrastructure development, cultural development and physical development but negative effects factors for destruction of business environment, production environment and allocation resources. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
190 - Testing Factorial Structure of UseLearn Questionnaire and its Implementing in E-Learning Universities of Tehran
Peyman Kamkar Mohammad Reza Nili Khadijeh Ali AbadiUsability evaluation can be the first step to improve e-learning systems. Since there is not an appropriate toll in Iran to completely evaluate it, the goal of this study was validating a foreign sample called UseLearn and its implementing in e-learning universities of MoreUsability evaluation can be the first step to improve e-learning systems. Since there is not an appropriate toll in Iran to completely evaluate it, the goal of this study was validating a foreign sample called UseLearn and its implementing in e-learning universities of Tehran. The research method was descriptive–correlational. A sample size of 288 was chosen through proportional allocation. The tool used in this study was UseLearn. The data were analyzed by confirmatory factor analysis, Cranach’s alpha coefficient, one-sample t test, ANOVA and MANOVA. Results showed that 12-factor model tested in this study was approved by AGFI. Also, factor loadings obtained for the questions (except question 29) indicated the validity of the questionnaire. Single-sample t test results indicated that the e-learning systems in e-learning universities of Tehran are not in a good situation in terms of usability. Results of MANOVA showed that there was a significant difference between the means of components of UseLearn questionnaire. Thus, UseLearn questionnaire can be used as a valid tool for assessing the usability of e-learning systems in the country. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
191 - Examining the dimensions of the virtual approach to the development of fourth generation universities
manzar sadeghi kioumars niazazari Maryam Taghvaeei YazdiThe purpose of this study was to “investigate dimensions of the virtual approach to the development of fourth-generation universities”. The present research was carried out with an applied purpose with a mixed approach, and an exploratory design was used. In MoreThe purpose of this study was to “investigate dimensions of the virtual approach to the development of fourth-generation universities”. The present research was carried out with an applied purpose with a mixed approach, and an exploratory design was used. In the qualitative section, the sample size included twelve members of the faculty that were selected using Purposive samplingconsidering saturation law, and in the quantitative section, 255 faculty members including assistant professors from universities in Mazandaran province were selected as the sample size using the Cochran formula and Multi-stage cluster random sampling as well as relative proportional classification. The data collection tools in the qualitative section were semi-structured interviews, and in the quantitative section, a researcher-made questionnaire was used. The formal and content validity of the tools confirmed by experts. To verify the construct validity, confirmatory factor analysis was used and the average variance of the extracted variables was used to examine the convergent validity. In order to analyze the data in the descriptive statistics section, frequency distribution tables, charts and inferential statistics, exploratory factor analysis and structural equation modeling were used. Data was analyzed using SPSS and LISREL software. The results showed that virtual infrastructure approach, with impact coefficient (β = 0.93), has a direct and strong effect on the capacity-based learning. In other words, with the increasing utility of virtual infrastructure approach, development of fourth generation universities (Capacity-Based Universities)is improved with strong intensity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
192 - Studying the Use of Mobile Phone by Female and Male Students
Morteza ManteghiThis study was conducted to investigate how Tarbait Moallem university students use mobile phone. Having conducted a preliminary study on how mobile is used by 50 students, the researcher devised a questionnaire. Given the acceptable psychometric indices of the question MoreThis study was conducted to investigate how Tarbait Moallem university students use mobile phone. Having conducted a preliminary study on how mobile is used by 50 students, the researcher devised a questionnaire. Given the acceptable psychometric indices of the questionnaire, it was administered to a population of 400 female students and 400 male students randomly selected for the purpose of comparatively studying the use of mobile phone by female students and male students. The results of factor analysis showed 6 factors. The findings indicated that female students use mobile for keeping themselves updated on time and dates more frequently than male students. However, the male students use mobile for advanced communication, educational purposes and recreational use more frequently than female students. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
193 - Identifying Major Barriers of Application of Informational Technology in Aliabad Katul High Schools
Taraneh Enayati Farshideh Zameni Mohammad Javad ZanganehThe aim of this research was to recognize major barriers of application of information technology in high schools in Aliabad Katul and to study current situation and importance of these barriers. The method of research was descriptive, survey. Statistical population inc MoreThe aim of this research was to recognize major barriers of application of information technology in high schools in Aliabad Katul and to study current situation and importance of these barriers. The method of research was descriptive, survey. Statistical population included 240 high-school principals and teachers. By using random classified sampling method and based on Krejcie & Morgan table, 210 teachers and 36 principals (total 246) were chosen as sample. In order to collect data, researcher made questionnaire was used which had 43 questions. Face and content validity was confirmed and its reliability was 0/91. Factor analysis with Varimax rotation was used to analyse data. The results of this research showed that 12 main barriers identified which named: Motivational, Equipment–Technical, Cultural, Human, Economical–Financial, Educational Infrastructures, Accessibility, Social, Professional Ability, Users Premium Payment, Filtering, and Experts of Technology Planners Shortage. Studying Current situation revealed that all above-mentioned factors were barriers in applying informational technology in Aliabad Katul high schools. Also investigating their importance showed that Economical–Financial factor was the most important and Motivational factor was the least important barriers of application of informational technology in Aliabad Katul high schools. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
194 - توصیف چندمتغیره گاوهای اوولمس-زائر و تیدیلی با استفاده از صفات ظاهری
آی. بوجنان14 صفت مختلف ظاهری در 169 گاو اوولمس-زائر و 131 گاو تیدیلی رکورد برداری شده و با روش آنالیز چندمتغیره مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفتند. صفات اندازه­گیری شده شامل دور سینه، ارتفاع جدوگاه، ارتفاع کفل، طول کفل، عرض کفل، عمق قفسه سینه، طول بدن، طول گردن، دور استخوان کانن، More14 صفت مختلف ظاهری در 169 گاو اوولمس-زائر و 131 گاو تیدیلی رکورد برداری شده و با روش آنالیز چندمتغیره مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفتند. صفات اندازه­گیری شده شامل دور سینه، ارتفاع جدوگاه، ارتفاع کفل، طول کفل، عرض کفل، عمق قفسه سینه، طول بدن، طول گردن، دور استخوان کانن، طول گوش، عرض گوش، طول سر، طول شاخ و طول دُم بودند. نژاد تأثیر معنی ­داری بر روی همه صفات مطالعه شده داشت. ضرایب همبستگی بین اندازه­های بدنی در گاوهای اوولمس-زائر بین 12/0 تا 85/0 و در گاوهای تیدیلی بین 14/0- تا 81/0 متغیر بوده است. در تحلیل مختصات اصلی چرخش­یافته واریمکس، سه فاکتور استخراج گردیدند که حدود 1/65 درصد از تنوع در گاوهای اوولمس-زائر و 4/55 درصد از تنوع در گاوهای تیدیلی را توصیف می­کنند. اشتراک در گاوهای اوولمس-زائر از 28/0 (طول شاخ) تا 82/0 (دور سینه) و در گاوهای تیدیلی از 25/0 (طول شاخ) تا 79/0 (ارتفاع کفل) متغیر بوده است. آنالیز تشخیص پلکانی نشان داد که 9 صفت از 1 صفت مورد بررسی قدرت تشخیصی دارند. آنالیز تشخیصی استاندارد نشان داد که فاصله ماهالانوبیس بین میانگین­های نژادی معنی ­دار است. این موضوع حاکی از آن بود که تفاوت­های معنی­ داری بین نژادهای گاو اوولمس-زائر و تیدیلی وجود دارد. ضرایب استاندارد خام برای نخستین متغیر استاندارد بیشترین تفاوت بین میانگین­های نژادی (498/1 در برابر 933/1-) را نشان داد. دومین متغیر استاندارد تفاوتی بین میانگین­ها نشان نمی­داد. آنالیز تشخیص نشان داد که نژادهای اوولمس-زائر و تیدیلی به­ترتیب 2/98 درصد و 100 درصد به ­طور صحیح طبقه­بندی شده­اند. از داده­های حاصل چنین نتیجه­گیری شده است که تفاوت­های ظاهری واضحی بین نژادهای اوولمس-زائر و تیدیلی وجود داشته و این موضوع حاکی از آن است که این دو نژاد، جمعیت­های جداگانه و متمایزی هستند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
195 - Study the Effect of Drought on Groundwater Quality Using Statistical Methods (Case Study: Main Plains in Khuzestan Province)
Heydar zarei Masoumeh Ferasati Hadi MoazedDrought is a natural phenomenon that occurrence of which has its own laws but the intensification, frequency, occurrence and its repetition depend on the human activities in nature. Destroying water quality, destroying plant cover and soil erosion are the main effects o MoreDrought is a natural phenomenon that occurrence of which has its own laws but the intensification, frequency, occurrence and its repetition depend on the human activities in nature. Destroying water quality, destroying plant cover and soil erosion are the main effects of Drought. In this research in order to investigate the effect of the recent draughts on the groundwater quality, water samples taken from the wells in 3 plains (Ize-peun, Dezful-Andimeshk and Gotvand-Aghili) in Khuzestan province, in two hydrologic years; 2006 (With adequate rainfall) and 2007 (With a significant reduction in rainfall).The parameters under investigation include Ca, Mg, Na, K, HCO3, SO4, EC, TDS and pH. To investigate that if the drought the change in the processes affecting groundwater quality in the plains or not, a non-parametric test Mann–Whitney and Factor Analysis were used. Results showed that although drought year of 2007 didn’t have a significant effect on the groundwater quality of plains, but if the drought continues, water quality may change. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
196 - Identifying the factors and consequences of cyber loafing with the exploratory factor analysis approach (case study: government organizations of Isfahan city)
Zahra Rahmati Alireza Shirvani Mohammad Reza DalviToday, technological changes have caused the development of knowledge in the field of technology in organizations, and managers need to use computer technology for the progress of the organization. In addition, the Internet has become an essential part of the work and d MoreToday, technological changes have caused the development of knowledge in the field of technology in organizations, and managers need to use computer technology for the progress of the organization. In addition, the Internet has become an essential part of the work and daily life of many people. Spending work time for various non-work activities is called cyber loafing. The purpose of this research is to identify the factors and consequences of cyber loafing. The method of this research is a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods, which was done in the qualitative part by using the foundation data method and through interviews with experts, and in the quantitative part, through a questionnaire made by the researcher from the employees of government organizations in Isfahan city. The statistical population is the employees of twelve government organizations in the city of Isfahan, and the number of 363 people was determined based on simple random sampling. In order to analyze the data, exploratory factor analysis was used. Based on the results, the factors of cyber loafing in three categories: individual (personality trait, individual's attitude to work, individual characteristics, individual motivation, emotions, individual's perception of the environment, value and importance of work), group (communication, behaviors that promote social idleness) , contradiction and conflict), organizational (organizational structure, organizational policy and rules, dominant organizational culture, transformation and organizational technology) and individual, group and organizational consequences were identified. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
197 - Genetic diversity analysis of White, Red and Chiti Bean under non stress condition.
Shahab Khaghani Shohreh Khaghani Mahdi Changizi Masoud Gomariyan -
Open Access Article
198 - On the Analysis of Factors Affecting Urban Sustainability (Case Study: Ardabil City)
L. Sayad Y. Gholipour S. Feyzi Urbanization development and growing process of urban population has caused problems such as excessive use of resources, environmental pollution, increased social anomalies and economic problems at urban communities. Sustainable development has been the main slo More Urbanization development and growing process of urban population has caused problems such as excessive use of resources, environmental pollution, increased social anomalies and economic problems at urban communities. Sustainable development has been the main slogan in the third millennium and the new paradigm in the most popular theoretical and scientific literature concerning urban development and planning. The objective of this study was to analyze and categorize the factors affecting urban sustainability in Ardebil city from the citizens' points of view as the main beneficiaries of urban planning program. The study was descriptive-analytical research and the method of collecting information was documentary and survey (Field Finder). Population were the citizens of Ardabil city. The sample size included 384 members based on Cochran formula, while there was a two stage cluster sampling method. The 26 items of the research questionnaire were reduced to five factors using exploratory factor analysis. All the five factors explain 68.059 percent of total variance. The first factor (environment design) plays the most important role with specific value 5.636 (21.676% of variance) in setting all effective variance factors on urban sustainability. Then the social factor with specific value 3.707 (14.259% of variance), management factor with specific value 3.695 (14.212% of variance) economic-infrastructural factor with specific value 475/2 (518/9% of variance) environmental factor with specific value 183.2 (8.3394 percent variance) were located at second, third, fourth, and fifth level of factors affecting urban sustainability. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
199 - Quality of Life Assessment in High-Density Residential Areas (Case Study: Razmandegan Town, Yazd City)
M. Montazerolhodjah Z. FotouhiAccording to the final priorities of the residents’ dissatisfaction of assessed index, some suggestions for improving the quality of life in the studied area are provided. This study was also proposed to evaluate the new fabrics performance in order to have develo MoreAccording to the final priorities of the residents’ dissatisfaction of assessed index, some suggestions for improving the quality of life in the studied area are provided. This study was also proposed to evaluate the new fabrics performance in order to have development in urban management. Accordingly, for the planning strategies to be developed for the sustainable development of the urban areas, strategies and policies aiming to improve the urban quality of life should be handled in a comprehensive plan together with the strategies and policies for economic, social and environmental development of the city. In the end, strategies for improving the quality of life based on priorities to address are presented. Some of the strategies include: using residents and promoting their participation in needs assessment, decision-making, implementation of local programs, planning to increase social interaction, using the capacities of local communities to participate in matters that directly and indirectly affects their quality of life, creating an atmosphere of trust between residents and authorities through an ongoing relationship with the city council and municipal officials, creating fund and support institutions and attract investment, increasing social control and creating designed environments to fit children, orientation towards the transformation of economic development programs and resolve the problem of unemployment and creating new job opportunities, strengthening behavioral domains by creating diversity in activities that enhance the working hours in the area. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
200 - Analyze Factors Influencing Tourism Competitiveness (Case Study: Sarein City)
Hassan Afrakhteh Hamid Jalaliyan Ebrahim AramiAmong the major problems of today's tourism industry is the lack of competitiveness. One of the pillars of this problem is the lack of a clear approach to enhance competitiveness there is also a direct link between increasing the competitiveness of a country and the com MoreAmong the major problems of today's tourism industry is the lack of competitiveness. One of the pillars of this problem is the lack of a clear approach to enhance competitiveness there is also a direct link between increasing the competitiveness of a country and the competitive strength of the firm. Competitiveness of tourism destination is considered as one of the most important types of spatial competitiveness and an endogenous growth and development industry in many cities around the world. Sarein District has a combination of human and natural attractions and is ecotourist with many abilities. So far, various models have been proposed for tourism competitiveness. The aim of this paper is to investigate the factors affecting the tourism competitiveness of Sarein region by utilizing and integrating the two Karachi-Richi and Kano models. The research was carried out with a survey of 573 questionnaires among tourists, business people and local people during the period from June 15 to August 15, 1396. The results were analyzed using factor analysis and LISREL software. Findings indicate that among the six indicators in the consolidation model, priority axis resources, destination management, reinforcement factors, policy planning and destination development, tourist’s satisfaction, factors and backup resources are the priorities. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
201 - The Combined Application of Factor Analysis with Spatial Zoning in the Development of Rural Areas with the Approach of the Role of Rural Women's Employment in the Ramsar County
Mostafa Taleshi Seyed Yaser HakimdoostTOne of the characteristics of the settlement system in developing countries is intense focus and spatial imbalance, which in some cases is due to the effects of polar growth policies. Research methods in applied study descriptive and analytical approach to governing . MoreTOne of the characteristics of the settlement system in developing countries is intense focus and spatial imbalance, which in some cases is due to the effects of polar growth policies. Research methods in applied study descriptive and analytical approach to governing . This scheme for the rural areas and 38 indicators, factor analysis was used . The results of the application of Moran's index of spatial distribution of positive and equal to 0/237 or more. And given that the Z-Score value is equal to 16/38 was estimated at 1% confidence level was greater than expected: (EI = 2.58) is, As a result of the spatial distribution of cluster development in rural areas is approved. Also, the General G statistic equal to 0/25 to Z Rating 3/96, which is at 0/01 is significant and indicates that the spatial pattern of development in rural areas of Ramsar city is clustered. The results show that , in 63 villages in the city of Ramsar criteria for rural development , rural women are directly related to employment . This analysis confirmed the bivariate Moran's test, and the results indicate a direct impact on rural women's role in rural development, and 33 percent in rural areas is the city of Ramsar. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
202 - Spatial analysis of urban poverty Dynamics and zoning in Rasht metropolis
amer nikpour Mohammad Soleymani Behnaz Mohammadyarithe present study has identified different areas of poverty in Rasht. For this purpose, 23 indices extracted from statistical blocks were used. The results of the combination of indicators showed that poverty zones are concentrated phenomena, almost in the north, west a Morethe present study has identified different areas of poverty in Rasht. For this purpose, 23 indices extracted from statistical blocks were used. The results of the combination of indicators showed that poverty zones are concentrated phenomena, almost in the north, west and east of the city. And in contrast to the welfare zones in the central and southern parts of the city and concentrated throughout the city. Also, based on the other results of the study, we can conclude that overall poverty zone 61.21% of households, 61.46% The percentage of population and 34.11% of the total area of the city. The welfare zone covers 10.66 percent of the household, 10.43 percent of the population, and 23.2 percent of the city's area. Finally, using the Moran index available in Geoda software, the spatial autocorrelation of urban poverty in the study area was determined and the value of Moran's statistic (0.79) is indicative of the cluster pattern of poverty in Rasht. The results show that the increase in poverty reflects the growth of poor performance in the region. As class distances have increased, poverty is widened and class conflicts are more severe, social injustice is more severe and the mass of the unemployed is high, however, the fact is that urban areas are very diverse and there are significant differences in different viewing areas. The results show that government investment in specific areas has been influencing the rise of urban poverty in other areas. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
203 - Analysis and grading the employment indexes in Isfahan province towns (Using the factor and clus-ter analysis technique)
سمانه مسیبی سید اسکندر صیدایی علی زنگی آبادیEvaluation of employment and unemployment in human developing will be very important. Many sensitase items have effect on these process. Comperrision of&nbs MoreEvaluation of employment and unemployment in human developing will be very important. Many sensitase items have effect on these process. Comperrision of this pure mers in different population will give us different result , therefore they can not get a valuable disesion. Human development index for comporision among different towns in Isfahan province is our study for employing and unemploing of the people in this province. Our study evaluated by different factor analysis and reduse to five factor and combination of these five factors have a good significant. With claster analysis the category of different towns in this study have been evaluated, and First group is : Borkhar o meyme, Najaf abad , Mobarakeh, Kashan, Khomeyni shahr, Lenjan, Isfahan, Shahreza. Second group is: Falavarjan, Tiran va karvan, A ran va bidgol. Thid group is : Ardestan, Naeen. Forth group is : Khansar, Golpayegan, Chadegan, Fereydan, Fereydoon shahr, Semirom, Dehaghan, Natanz. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
204 - استفاده از روش تحلیل عاملی چند متغیره در ارزیابی تناسب اراضی گیاه زینتی- دارویی گل محمدی در شمال شرق ایران
علیرضا انورخواه حکم آبادی مریم تاتاری علی باقرزاده چهارجویی محید رحیمی زادهعدم آگاهی از عوامل حیاتی در تولید و کشت گیاهان در مناطق نامناسب ­می تواند باعث افزایش استفاده از کودهای شیمیایی برای جلوگیری از کاهش عملکرد گیاه شود. در پژوهش حاضر، از روش تحلیل عاملی (FA) با روش تحلیل مؤلفههای اصلی (PCA) بهعنوان روش آماری چند متغیره جهت ارزیابی پ Moreعدم آگاهی از عوامل حیاتی در تولید و کشت گیاهان در مناطق نامناسب ­می تواند باعث افزایش استفاده از کودهای شیمیایی برای جلوگیری از کاهش عملکرد گیاه شود. در پژوهش حاضر، از روش تحلیل عاملی (FA) با روش تحلیل مؤلفههای اصلی (PCA) بهعنوان روش آماری چند متغیره جهت ارزیابی پهنهبندی تناسب اراضی ۳۶۷۰۰ نقطه برای کشت گل محمدی در استان خراسان شمالی، شمال شرق ایران استفاده شد. برای این منظور ۱۶ متغیر استخراج شده پردازش شد که منتهی به چهار عامل شد که حدود ۹۰ درصد از واریانس کل را تبیین می کند. واریانس توضیح داده شده این عوامل از 28/573تا 8/855درصد به ­ترتیب برای فاکتورهای یکم و چهارم پس از چرخش واریماکس (Varimax) متغیر بود. نقشه پهنهبندی تناسب اراضی نشان داد که 2/61 درصد (665/6 کیلومترمربع) مساحت سطح بسیار مناسب، 95/78درصد (24210/47 کیلومترمربع) نسبتاً مناسب و 1/61درصد (409/74 کیلومترمربع) از سطح منطقه برای تولید گل محمدی مناسب است. پراکندگی جغرافیایی نشان داد که نقاط با تناسب بسیار بالا در بخشهای غربی، میانی و شرقی منطقه مورد مطالعه قرار گرفتهاند، در حالیکه بخش میانی منطقه مورد مطالعه و برخی از بخشهای پراکنده در شرق، شمال شرق و شمال غرب تناسب متوسطی دادند. مهمترین عوامل محدودکننده برای کاشت گل محمدی در منطقه مورد مطالعه، عوامل اقلیمی شامل میانگین دما در طول دوره رشد، میانگین دما در طول جوانهزنی و میانگین دمای گلدهی بود. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
205 - Factor Analyses the Management Skills in Development of Organic Agriculture in West Azerbaijan Province Farms
Solieman Rasouliazar Maryam Sadeghi Nouraldin Shayesteh -
Open Access Article
206 - Identifying Factors affecting Optimal Management of Agricultural Water
Masoud Samian Karim Naderi Mahdei Heshmatollah Saadi Reza Movahedi -
Open Access Article
207 - Effects of Tourism on Rural Development in Iran (Case Study: Myshkhas Rural in Ilam)
Shima Malekshahi Roya Eshraghi Samani Alireza Poursaeed -
Open Access Article
208 - شناسایی عاملهای مؤثر برتولید ضایعات مرکبات در استان مازندران
نرگس گرجی حسین شعبانعلی فمی هوشنگ ایروانیمدیریت ضایعات کشاورزی یکی از مهم­ترین موضوعاتی است که تولیدکنندگان بخش کشاورزی به منظور ارتقاء سطح درآمد خویش و حمایت از محیط­زیست باید آن را مورد توجه قرار دهند. بنابراین، شناسایی عاملهایی که موجب کاهش ضایعات محصولات کشاورزی و بهطور ویژه ضایعات مرکبات میشون Moreمدیریت ضایعات کشاورزی یکی از مهم­ترین موضوعاتی است که تولیدکنندگان بخش کشاورزی به منظور ارتقاء سطح درآمد خویش و حمایت از محیط­زیست باید آن را مورد توجه قرار دهند. بنابراین، شناسایی عاملهایی که موجب کاهش ضایعات محصولات کشاورزی و بهطور ویژه ضایعات مرکبات میشوند، میتواند به مدیریت ضایعات، کاهش تخریب محیط­زیست و اکوسیستم، و افزایش سطح امنیت غذایی و رشد اقتصادی کمک شایان توجهی نماید. بر این پایه، هدف این پژوهش شناسایی عاملهای مؤثر بر تولید ضایعات مرکبات در میان مرکباتکاران استان مازندران بود (7867= N). برای تعیین حجم نمونه از روش نمونهگیری تصادفی ساده استفاده شد. ابزار اصلی گردآوری دادهها پرسشنامه محقق ساخت بود که روایی محتوایی آن توسط پانل متخصصان و تحلیل عاملی اکتشافی و پایایی آن از طریق محاسبه آلفای کرونباخ تأیید شد (70/0 α ≥) یافتههای حاصل از تحلیل عاملی اکتشافی نشان داد که دو عامل اجتماعی-اقتصادی و تکنیکی در مجموع 257/60 واریانس ضایعات تولیدی مرکبات را تبیین میکنند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
209 - بررسی مقایسه ای روش های تاپسیس، تحلیل عاملی و اسکالوگرام برای سطح توسعه یافتگی روستایی (مطالعه موردی روستاهای شهرستان اسلامشهر)
سحر ده یوریمناطق روستایی به دلیل ارائه طیف گسترده­ای از مواد غذایی و مواد خام، از دیرباز نقش مهمی در اقتصاد جهان بازی می­کنند، که این نقش بخصوص در کشورهای درحال توسعه پررنگ­تر است. توسعه روستایی نیز بخش مهمی از سیاست ناحیه­ای است که کشاورزی، جنگلداری، مدیریت منابع Moreمناطق روستایی به دلیل ارائه طیف گسترده­ای از مواد غذایی و مواد خام، از دیرباز نقش مهمی در اقتصاد جهان بازی می­کنند، که این نقش بخصوص در کشورهای درحال توسعه پررنگ­تر است. توسعه روستایی نیز بخش مهمی از سیاست ناحیه­ای است که کشاورزی، جنگلداری، مدیریت منابع طبیعی، استفاده از زمین و تنوع اقتصادی در جوامع روستایی را پوشش می­دهد. هدف اصلی از این مطالعه به منظور بررسی سطح توسعه روستایی شهرستان اسلامشهر در ایران است. از آن­جایی که رتبه­بندی به روش­های مختلفی انجام می­شود، در این پژوهش، میزان اعتبار و امتیاز سطوح توسعه منطقه روستایی توسط TOPSIS بر پایه AHP ، تحلیل عاملی و اسکالوگرام اندازه­گیری شد. نتایج حاصل از این مطالعه نشان داد که با در نظر گرفتن 35 معیار برای ارزیابی گزینه­ها، دسته­بندی در روش­های تاپسیس و تحلیل عاملی نتایج نزدیکی را نشان داد. هم­چنین به صورت کلی اسکولاگرام نیز نتایج بالا را تایید کرده است. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
210 - عوامل موثر بر توسعه فعالیتهای پژوهشی در زمینه کارآفرینی در نظام آموزش عالی کشاورزی: رهیافت دو مرحله ای مدل سازی معادلات ساختاری
مسعود احمدی نژادهدف از این تحقیق شناسایی عوامل مؤثر در توسعه فعالیتهای تحقیق (RPD) در خصوص کارآفرینی در آموزش عالی کشاورزی، مطالعه موردی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی استان خوزستان، ایران است. اعضای هیئت علمی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی استان خوزستان به عنوان جامعه آماری در نظر گرفته شدند. حجم نمونه بر Moreهدف از این تحقیق شناسایی عوامل مؤثر در توسعه فعالیتهای تحقیق (RPD) در خصوص کارآفرینی در آموزش عالی کشاورزی، مطالعه موردی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی استان خوزستان، ایران است. اعضای هیئت علمی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی استان خوزستان به عنوان جامعه آماری در نظر گرفته شدند. حجم نمونه بر اساس فرمول کوکران (210 نفر) تعیین شد. نمونهگیری تصادفی طبقه بندی شده برای انتخاب اعضای هیئت علمی استفاده شد. برای جمع آوری دادهها از پرسشنامه محققساخته استفاده شده است. روایی آن با اعتبار محتوا تأیید شد و پایایی آن توسط آلفای کرونباخ 81/0 محاسبه شد. داده ها با استفاده از آمار توصیفی برای توصیف عملکرد RPD در مورد کارآفرینی در آموزش عالی کشاورزی و آمار استنباطی به تجزیه و تحلیل عوامل مؤثر بر RDP پرداخته شد. نتایج تحلیل عاملی نشان داد که چهار عامل از جمله تشویق محققان به پژوهش در کارآفرینی (MF1)، نهادینه کردن کارآفرینی در تحقیقات دانشگاهی (MF2)، برقراری ارتباط مناسب بین دانشگاه و صنعت (SF) و ایجاد قوانین و زیرساخت های لازم برای تجاریسازی دانش در مورد کارآفرینی (LF) به عنوان عوامل مؤثر در توسعه فعالیتهای تحقیقاتی (RPD) درخصوص کارآفرینی در آموزش عالی کشاورزی شناخته شد که 62.55٪ از کل واریانس را در کل توضیح داد. نتیجه مدلسازی معادلات ساختاری (SEM) نشان داد که ، میتوان تأثیر مثبت پیشبینی کننده MF1 به RDP را پشتیبانی کرد (β = 0.38 ، t-value = 4.86 ، p <0.001). علاوه بر این ، MF2 بر RDP اثر مثبت دارد (β = 0.39 ، t-value = 5.08 ، p <0.001). همچنین LF تاثیر مثبتی بر RDP دارد (β = 0.31 ، t-value = 4.05 ، p <0.001). MF2 ، SF و LF همچنین تأثیر قابل توجهی در MF1 دارند. یافتهها نشان داد که R2 برای RDP برابر با 0.53 است. به این ترتیب، چهار عامل MF1 ، MF2 ، SF و LF 62 درصد از واریانس RDP را تشکیل میدهند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
211 - Communication Skills of Agricultural Sciences University Teachers in Iran
Ebrahim Ezzati LarsariThis study concerns determining the factors that may influence the communication skill of those university teachers involved in the field of agricultural sciences in Iran. Accordingly, based on a cross-sectional survey method, a conceptual model of communication skill h MoreThis study concerns determining the factors that may influence the communication skill of those university teachers involved in the field of agricultural sciences in Iran. Accordingly, based on a cross-sectional survey method, a conceptual model of communication skill has been devised through reviewing the related literature. Next, the model was revised by the expert panel of the study into a seven-factor model with 58 variables. Then, this revised model was transformed into a questionnaire. Once the expert panel studied, revised and at last confirmed the questionnaire, it was submitted to the subjects, around 234 university teachers of agricultural sciences selected randomly from some main universities in Iran. In order to run Explanatory Factor Analysis (EFA), the obtained data were analyzed by SPSS software (version 16.00). Consequently, EFA explained three factors such as naturalness, eloquentness and emotionalness as the main effectiveones on teaching agriculture in the universities of Iran. Finally, it is worth mentioning that naturalness comprised six variables, eloquentness was consisted of eight variables and emotionalness concerned three variables. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
212 - Analysis of Marketing Strategies in Dairy Processing Industries in Hamedan Province
Atena Eftekhari Vali BorimnejadAs the conditions in the market and in the world of work and commerce gets more complicated, this requires cor-rection, improvement and also updating marketing attitude among manufacturers and marketers. It is an urgent requirement to choose and determine strategies in MoreAs the conditions in the market and in the world of work and commerce gets more complicated, this requires cor-rection, improvement and also updating marketing attitude among manufacturers and marketers. It is an urgent requirement to choose and determine strategies in order to achieve the objectives. Strategy means the comprehensive and main plan in manufacturing unit revealing the way it achieves the goals.On the other hand, as processing inducts toward market, the rate of wastage (losses) reduces. This Study concerns processing industries and finding suitable important strategies. Toward this end, present study seeks to investigate the market and the strategies of marketing in processing industries. The society under study in this investigation consists of producers, retailers and the consumers of dairy processing industries in Hamedan province. The data required for this study are connected using three groups of questionnaire. Mreover, factor analysis and structural equation modelling have been used as the statistical method of the investigation. The output of Lisrel and Amos softwares are used to study the variables. The common marketing strategies are defined in results section and each one is compared with prefent conditions of dairy processing industry market in Hamedan province, and acceptable and unacceptable marketing strategies are assigned separately. In the end, several recommandations are presented for using strategies and conducting future investigations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
213 - شناسایی هوش سازمانی سازمان جهاد کشاورزی استان گیلان
Hajar Eftekhari Mohammad Sadegh Allahyariدر دنیای مدرن امروزی سازمان­ها به­طور فزاینده­ای به­عنوان سیستم­های هوشمند در نظر گرفته می­شوند. افزایش هوش سازمانی کمک می­کند تا سازمان­ها داده­های خود را به­طور مؤثر تجزیه و تحلیل کرده، نتایج را ذخیره کنند و از نتایج به­دست Moreدر دنیای مدرن امروزی سازمان­ها به­طور فزاینده­ای به­عنوان سیستم­های هوشمند در نظر گرفته می­شوند. افزایش هوش سازمانی کمک می­کند تا سازمان­ها داده­های خود را به­طور مؤثر تجزیه و تحلیل کرده، نتایج را ذخیره کنند و از نتایج به­دست آمده در تصمیم­گیری­های حرفه­ای استفاده کنند. هدف از این پژوهش سنجش میزان مؤلفه­های هوش سازمانی در سازمان جهاد کشاورزی استان گیلان بود. یک نمونه 183 نفری از کارکنان سازمان­ جهاد کشاورزی استان گیلان (1296N=) از طریق روش نمونه­گیری خوشه­ای متناسب انتخاب شدند. ابزار تحقیق شامل پرسشنامه استاندارد هوش سازمانی آلبرشت (2003) با 49 گویه تحت هفت مؤلفه می­باشد. یافته­ها نشان­دهنده وجود هوش سازمانی متوسط در سازمان جهاد کشاورزی استان گیلان بود. رتبه­بندی مؤلفه­های هوش سازمانی نشان داد که مؤلفه سرنوشت مشترک در بالاترین رتبه و میل به تغییر در پایین­ترین رتبه­ قرار گرفتند. هم­چنین نتایج تحلیل عاملی نشان داد که از بین 7 مؤلفه، روحیه بیشترین سهم را در تبیین هوش سازمانی داشت. نتایج کلی تحقیق بر طراحی سیاست­ها و برنامه­هایی جهت افزایش هوش سازمانی دلالت دارد. لذا توصیه می­شود که سازمان جهاد کشاورزی استان گیلان برای دست­یابی به موفقیت­های حرفه­ای خود به بررسی و اندازه­گیری هوش سازمانی و شناسایی استراتژی­های لازم برای رسیدن به سطح بالایی از هوش سازمانی بپردازد Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
214 - Confirmatory Factor Analysis of Public Service Motivation Model in Higher Education Sector
Mohammad Reza Lotfollah Hamedani Ahmad Vedadi Kaveh TeymournejadAbstract Background and purpose: The increasing importance of public service motivation in the past three decades has led to its greater use in the field of human resource management. The purpose of this research is confirmatory factor analysis of public service motiva MoreAbstract Background and purpose: The increasing importance of public service motivation in the past three decades has led to its greater use in the field of human resource management. The purpose of this research is confirmatory factor analysis of public service motivation model in higher education sector. Research method: This research is a mixed research from the methodological point of view. The model was explained and presented using the meta-composite qualitative method. In the quantitative part, the studied population included the faculty members of Islamic Azad University, central Tehran branch, and the sample size was 200 people using Klein's formula and simple random sampling was done. By using a researcher-made questionnaire, the data was collected and the external and internal validity of the model was examined by Smart-PLS software. Findings: The findings showed that the motivation of public services in the higher education sector is a multi-dimensional structure including environmental, value and behavioral-social dimensions. In the external model, composite reliability and convergent validity were confirmed, and in the first-order factor analysis, the factor loadings of all indicators were estimated above 0.4. The findings of the second-order factor analysis in the external model showed that the coefficients of all paths were significant and the causal relationship of dimensions and components was confirmed. Conclusion: The research model in the form of a multidimensional structure provides a useful framework for understanding the nature of the motivation of public human resources services in the higher education sector for officials, managers and specialists in this field. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
215 - Presenting a model of Human Resource Flexibility Enhancements at Saderat Bank of Iran
Mohammad Heidari Goujani Mehraban Hadi Peykani Reza Ebrahim Zadeh DastjerdiThe purpose of this study is to present a model of human resource flexibility enablers in Bank Saderat Iran .Human resource flexibility emphasizes the multiple talents of individuals through changes in their expertise, behavior, and learning .This research is a mixed re MoreThe purpose of this study is to present a model of human resource flexibility enablers in Bank Saderat Iran .Human resource flexibility emphasizes the multiple talents of individuals through changes in their expertise, behavior, and learning .This research is a mixed research that has been done in two phases, qualitative and quantitative . In the qualitative part, the phenomenological approach was used and in the quantitative part, the validation approach was used. The statistical population of the study is banking system experts and management experts and employees of Bank Saderat Iran. Structural equations, confirmatory factor analysis were used to fit the model using LISREL, Amos and SPSS software .Findings showed that the ranking order of the 6 identified dimensions of employee flexibility enablers are: training and development, organizational structure, managerial attitude, employee retention and organizational climate. The results of fitting indices of the general structural model of the research have been confirmed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
216 - Development of Main Success Factors in Technology Transfer: An Empirical Study of Iranian Oil Industry
Matin Milani Tabrizi Akbar Alemtabriz Mohammad Fallah Hamed Kazemipoor -
Open Access Article
217 - Determination constructs validity of an agile organization model by using factor analysis
A N. Mashayekhi A Toloie Eshlaghy A Rajabzadeh M.M Razavian -
Open Access Article
218 - Exploratory and Confirmatory Factor Analysis of Internal Consistency and Behavioral Factors Affective Scholarly Communication
Farshad Parhamnia Fatemeh Nooshinfard Nadjla Hariri Sedegh Mohamad EsmaeilObjective: The present study aimed to investigate the factors affecting scholarly communication among the faculty members in Iran’s Universities. It also explained the validity and reliability of the scale. Methods: The study, is a descriptive study. The target st MoreObjective: The present study aimed to investigate the factors affecting scholarly communication among the faculty members in Iran’s Universities. It also explained the validity and reliability of the scale. Methods: The study, is a descriptive study. The target statistical population included the faculty members working at Ministry of Science, Research and Technology, Ministry of Health and Medical Education and Islamic Azad University of all the selected sample 380 were chosen based on the Krejcie and Morgan (1970) Table. After the selection of the sample using stratified sampling, the participants were chosen. The instrument was an organized questionnaire. The data analysis, exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and the internal consistency were calculated using SPSS and Amos 21. Results: The findings showed that the six obtained factors were responsible for 77.45 percent of the whole variance of the behavioral factors. Based on the analysis of confirmatory factor analysis the presented model with six factors had an acceptable good fit. The alpha Cronbach showed that the reliability of the questionnaire was acceptable. Furthermore, Cronbach alpha coefiecient showed an acceptable internal reliability. Conclusion: Overall, based on the findings, the resultant model was of a good fit; therefore, the questionnaire with six factors and twenty items was an acceptable measure to scholarly communication among faculty members of the Iranian university. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
219 - Identify Appropriate Data Attributes in order to Knowledge Discovery from Health Big Data Systems
Fatemeh Soleimani Roozbahani Ali Rajabzadeh Ghatari Reza RadfarObjective: This study aimed to introduce the factors confirming the desirability of the data attributes in order to knowledge discovery from health big data systems by using factor analysis.Methodology: This research was a Survey-Analytical study. The statistical popula MoreObjective: This study aimed to introduce the factors confirming the desirability of the data attributes in order to knowledge discovery from health big data systems by using factor analysis.Methodology: This research was a Survey-Analytical study. The statistical population consisted of 655 specialists in the fields of data science, bioinformatics, and health information analysis inside and outside Iran, who were identified by snow flack method, and the research tool, researcher-made questionnaire was sent for them, and 247 questionnaires were completed and turned back. Data analysis methods were exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis using SPSS 22.0 and Lisrel 8.8 software. Results: The results of Exploratory Factor Analysis explained six factors for identifying data characteristics that are: data quality, data stability, data compatibility, data value and accessibility, data efficiency and accuracy and completeness, which altogether had 68% of the total variance of the data. Confirmation analysis fit indices showed that the six-factor model has an acceptable fit with the data.Conclusion: Findings indicate that based on the proposed model, data properties affect the process of knowledge discovery of health big data systems and six identified factors and 20 items of these factors, can be a good tool to identify the characteristics of data suitable for knowledge discovery of health big data systems for the effective use of these systems, emphasizing the independence of data format, and can help in the early diagnosis and treatment of diseases. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
220 - Analysis, discovery and explanation the effective factors in web knowledge sharing and ranking them in public libraries
leyli taherkhani safiyeh tahmasebi limooni Mitra GhiasiObjective: The purpose of this research is to identify and explain the effective factors in sharing web knowledge and ranking them in public libraries.Methodology: This research is mixed in terms of applied objective, in terms of exploratory approach and in terms of dat MoreObjective: The purpose of this research is to identify and explain the effective factors in sharing web knowledge and ranking them in public libraries.Methodology: This research is mixed in terms of applied objective, in terms of exploratory approach and in terms of data collection method. The statistical population in the qualitative section includes 15 experts and in the quantitative section, all the employees of the country's public libraries are 7000 people, and 364 people were selected using Cochran's formula. The data collection tool was used in the qualitative part of semi-structured interviews, and in the quantitative part, the researcher-made questionnaire of web knowledge sharing was used. The formal, content and structural validity of the instrument and its reliability were confirmed. In order to identify the factors affecting the sharing of web knowledge from the theme analysis and to analyze the quantitative data obtained from the questionnaires and their ranking from the sign test, confirmatory factor analysis and structural equations were used and the data were analyzed by PLS3.8 software. were analyzed.Results: The findings obtained from theme analysis and factor analysis showed that the three factors of desirability of web space, desirability of web information, and desirability of people with an influence coefficient of 0.917, 858. and 0.813 were placed in the first to third priorities. Also, the average results and significant levels showed that the sharing of web knowledge is at the desired level.Authenticity/value: Web knowledge sharing is a flexible capability to provide content with the aim of quickly accessing knowledge in the web space, so it is necessary for organizations to identify and exploit it. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
221 - Identifying and prioritizing factors affecting visionary leadership style
elham berenji alireza ghasemizad pari mashayekh hamidreza motamedSince a specific model for identifying and prioritizing the factors affecting visionary leadership style in petrochemical industry managers has not been developed yet, in this research, an attempt is made to provide a model to identify factors affecting the visionary le MoreSince a specific model for identifying and prioritizing the factors affecting visionary leadership style in petrochemical industry managers has not been developed yet, in this research, an attempt is made to provide a model to identify factors affecting the visionary leadership of petrochemical managers. The statistical population of this research was sources related to managers, especially petrochemical managers. The reliability of the results was estimated to be 0.95 using the Holstein method. In this article, the themes and patterns of managers have been compiled using thematic analysis. The theme analysis process was done manually and also using Nvivo software. The results of the research showed that the factors affecting visionary leadership can be summarized in two themes strategic leadership and capability-building. The theme of strategic leadership itself has an organizing theme and seven basic themes collective progress (team orientation, nurturing others and setting the stage), charismatic (self-management and credibility), and strategic thinking (active strategy and visionary). The enabling theme also has two organizing themes and four basic themes, result-oriented, resource optimizer, intra-functional knowledge and extra-functional knowledge. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
222 - Sources of Nitrate and Bromide ContaminantsinGroundwater ofthe Alluvial Aquifer of Arak, Iran
Feridon Ghadimi Mohammad Ghomi Reza Azimi -
Open Access Article
223 - Statistical Analysis of the Hydrogeochemical Evolution of Groundwater in Alluvial Aquifer of Arak Mighan Playa, Markazi Province, Iran
F Ghadimi M Ghomi -
Open Access Article
224 - Sources of contamination in rainwater by major and heavy elements in Arak, Iran
F Ghadimi M Ghomi M Ranjbar A Hajati -
Open Access Article
225 - نقش استراتژیهای اجتماعی عاطفی مدرسین زبان انگلیسی در تمایل به ارتباط زبان آموزان: دیدگاه زبان آموزان
Nahid Zarei مهناز سعیدی سعبده آهنگریمطالعه حاضر با هدف طراحی و ارزیابی روایی سازه و پایایی پرسشنامه تمایل به ارتباط که استراتژی های اجتماعی-عاطفی مدرسین زبان انگلیسی را هدف قرار می دهد انجام شده است. شرکت کنند گان در این مطالعه، که با روش نمونه گیری غیر محتمل انتخاب شده بودند، 153 زبان آموز از سه آموزشگاه Moreمطالعه حاضر با هدف طراحی و ارزیابی روایی سازه و پایایی پرسشنامه تمایل به ارتباط که استراتژی های اجتماعی-عاطفی مدرسین زبان انگلیسی را هدف قرار می دهد انجام شده است. شرکت کنند گان در این مطالعه، که با روش نمونه گیری غیر محتمل انتخاب شده بودند، 153 زبان آموز از سه آموزشگاه معتبر انگلیسی در ایران بودند. پرسشنامه اولیه با 45 گویه با رجوع به مصاحبه متمرکز مدرسین زبان که قبلا توسط نویسندگان حاضر انجام شده بود و همچنین پیشینه طراحی شد. پس از تکمیل پرسشنامه توسط زبان آموزان، تجزیه تحلیل عامل اکتشافی انجام گرفت. نتیجه تحلیل منتهی به 37 گویه و شش عامل شد: الف) ایجاد تعامل مثبت (8 گویه) ، (ب) اشتیاق معلمان (6 گویه) ، (ج) رفتار منصفانه معلمان (5 گویه) ، (د) حضور و تمرکز معلمان ( 6 گویه) ، صمیمیت معلمان (6 گویه) و مهارتهای تدریس و مشارکت در فعالیتهای گروهی (6 گویه). معیارهای پایا یی نیز مورد بررسی قرار گرفت و نتایج رضایت بخش بود. پس از مقایسه شش عامل با همدیگر، نتایج نشان داد که میزان اشتیاق و رفتار منصفانه معلمان مهمترین عامل در ارتقا تمایل به ارتباط زبان آموزان می باشند. در آخر پیامدهای این نتایج برای مدرسین و تربیت مدرسین و برای تحقیق بیشتر مورد بحث قرار گرفت. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
226 - طراحی و اعتبارسنجی پرسشنامه هوش معنوی زبان آموزان با روش تلفیقی
Masoumeh Azadi Parviz Maftoon Minoo Alemiما می توانیم از دریچه هوش معنوی (SI) نگاهی تازه و جدید به موقعیت آموزشی و ظرفیت های یادگیرندگان داشته باشیم. در مطالعه حاضر بر اساس پیشینه موضوع و تاریخچه مطالعه شده و مصاحبه با 22 زبان آموز، یک پرسشنامه 27 آیتمی طراحی شد که بین 360 زبان آموز انگلیسی توزیع شده و ا Moreما می توانیم از دریچه هوش معنوی (SI) نگاهی تازه و جدید به موقعیت آموزشی و ظرفیت های یادگیرندگان داشته باشیم. در مطالعه حاضر بر اساس پیشینه موضوع و تاریخچه مطالعه شده و مصاحبه با 22 زبان آموز، یک پرسشنامه 27 آیتمی طراحی شد که بین 360 زبان آموز انگلیسی توزیع شده و از روش پژوهشی اکتشافی تلفیقی استفاده شد. از طریق تجزیه و تحلیل داده های کیفی(تحلیل عاملی اکتشافی (EFA عناصر هوش معنوی زبان آموزان مشخص و چهار فاکتور استخراج شد با عناوین: (1) یادگیری زبان انگلیسی برای منافع شخصی، اجتماعی و آموزشی، (2) یادگیری زبان انگلیسی برای پیشرفت های شخصی، اجتماعی و تحصیلی، (3) یادگیری زبان انگلیسی برای ترویج ارزش های مذهبی، و (4) یادگیری زبان انگلیسی برای ارتباطات بین فرهنگی. نتایج مطالعه حاکی از آن است که این مقیاس، معیاری با روایی و پایایی معتبر و قابل اعتماد برای اندازه گیری هوش معنوی زبان آموزان زبان انگلیسی است. نتایج حاصل از مطالعه همچنین نشان داد که هوش معنوی با جنسیت و سطح تحصیلات رابطه معناداری دارد. این یافته ها می تواند به محققان کمک کند تا تعریفی از هوش معنوی ارائه دهند و هوش معنوی زبان آموزان زبان انگلیسی را اندازه گیری کنند. نتایج این مطالعه می تواند برای مربیان، دانشگاهیان، نظریه پردازان، مراکز تربیت معلم، معلمان، طراحان برنامه درسی، و برنامه ریزان آموزشی مفید واقع شود بویژه اگرآنان به اهمیت هوش معنوی در زمینه آموزشی و تأثیر آن بر عملکرد زبان آموزان توجه داشته باشند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
227 - Investigating the Psychometric Properties of the Persian Version of the Interpersonal Mindfulness Scale
Mohsen mohammadpour somayeh pourshams marzieh kolivand Bahareh Moradhasel samira moradithe present study aimed to investigate the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the Interpersonal Mindfulness Scale. The method of descriptive-correlation research. 321 people were investigated by the available sampling method. Participants completed the In Morethe present study aimed to investigate the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the Interpersonal Mindfulness Scale. The method of descriptive-correlation research. 321 people were investigated by the available sampling method. Participants completed the Interpersonal Mindfulness Scale (Pratcher et al., 2019), Basic Empathy Scale (Farrington, 2006), and Kessler& Psychological Distress Scale (Kessler et al., 2002 to examine convergent and divergent validity. For data analysis, the internal consistency method was used using Cronbach's alpha method, and for construct validity, confirmatory factor analysis was used. The results of factor analysis showed that the Cronbach& alpha coefficient for the total score of the scale was 0.87 and for the sub-components of presence, awareness of self and others, non-judgmental acceptance and non-reactivity were 0.69, 0.83, 0.69 and 0.72, respectively. The interpersonal mindfulness scale showed a significant positive correlation with the basic empathy scale (0.429) and a negative correlation with psychological distress (-0.356). Based on the obtained results, interpersonal mindfulness can have positive relationship consequences in interpersonal interactions. In general, the Iranian version of the interpersonal mindfulness scale showed a 4-factor structure and good reliability and validity, and it can be used in various research. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
228 - Psychometric Properties of Preschool Children Anxiety Scale (Teacher Form)
Saeed Ghanbari Rahim Rabieenejad Parisa Ganje Sanaz Khoramzadehthe present study examined psychometric properties of teacher form of Preschool Children Anxiety Scale (Spense & Rapee, 2001) among a sample of 4-6 year old children of Ahvaz city. One hundred and fifty children from care centers of four areas of Ahvaz were selected Morethe present study examined psychometric properties of teacher form of Preschool Children Anxiety Scale (Spense & Rapee, 2001) among a sample of 4-6 year old children of Ahvaz city. One hundred and fifty children from care centers of four areas of Ahvaz were selected by multi-stage sampling. The children’s teachers completed the Teacher Form of Preschool Children Anxiety Scale and the Teacher Report Form of the Conner’s Child Behavior Checklist (Conner, 1999). The exploratory factor analysis with principal component and varimax rotation led to extraction of five factors, including general anxiety, social anxiety, fear of physical injury, separation anxiety, and obsessive-compulsive. The results indicated good psychometric properties of the teacher form of Spence Preschool Children Anxiety Scale. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
229 - Psychometric properties of UPPS impulsive scale in high school students
Haidar Ali Hooman Shirin Kooshki Mahsa Amirbagloie DaryaniIn order to investigate the practicality, reliability, validity, and norming of UPPS Impulsive Behavior Scale46 items Whiteside & Lynam, 2001), 560 high school students (281 females, 279 males) of Tehran were selected by multistage random sampling method. The resul MoreIn order to investigate the practicality, reliability, validity, and norming of UPPS Impulsive Behavior Scale46 items Whiteside & Lynam, 2001), 560 high school students (281 females, 279 males) of Tehran were selected by multistage random sampling method. The results indicated that two items were omitted because of the negative and weak correlation with total score and weak factor loading. The reliability coefficient using Cronbach’s was 0.77. Using the principle component analysis and varimax rotation, four factors: lack of premeditation, sensation seeking, urgency and lack of perseverance, extracted which explained 33.9 percent of the total variance. Correlation between sensation seeking factor of the Impulsivity Scale with Zukerman Sensation Seeking Scale (Zackerman et al., 1978) was significant (r=0.45). Other factors of the Impulsivity Scale didn’t have significant correlations with Zukerman Sensation Seeking Scale. Manuscript profile -
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230 - Exp;oring the validity,reliability and factor structure pf adolescent coping strategies
Parirokh Dadsetan Marzie Hajizadegan Ahmad Alipour Ali AsgariThis study investigated the validity, reliability and factor structure of Adolescent Coping strategies (Frydenberg & Lewis, a e through multi-stage sampling method and administe MoreThis study investigated the validity, reliability and factor structure of Adolescent Coping strategies (Frydenberg & Lewis, a e through multi-stage sampling method and administered the ACS and Persian version of Defense Mechanism Questionnaire (Andrews, Singh, & Bond, - sults based on item analysis (item-total correlation & ! the total) constituted a sub-scale (apathetic withdrawal) whit alpha coefficient " # $ % & - retest coefficient for the scale were "'' & " respectively. The result of principle component analysis (PC) and Promax rotation suggested the structure of the scale in && &( try & anticipation, focus of the positive, denial, passive aggression, seek spiritual support, physical recreation). Goodness-of-fit indices of confirmatory factor analysis ) of second-order factor analysis showed the model of two first order factors as adjusted (with - djusted (with one-factor model. The positive correlation coefficients between the factors of ACS and Defense Mechanism Questionnaire confirmed the convergent validity of the scale. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
231 - Psychometric Properties of the Self-Esteem Contingency Questionnaire for Adolescents
Sohrab Amiri Amir Ghasemi Navab Yuosef JamaliThis study aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties the Self-esteem Contingency Questionnaire for Adolescents (SCQA; Wouters, & et al., 2016 ) among student population. Two hundred and eighty six students were selected by using multi-stage cluster sampling. The MoreThis study aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties the Self-esteem Contingency Questionnaire for Adolescents (SCQA; Wouters, & et al., 2016 ) among student population. Two hundred and eighty six students were selected by using multi-stage cluster sampling. The participants completed the SCQA, the Conditional Self-Worth Scale (Croker, & et al., 2003) and the Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale (Frost, et al., 1990). The validity of the SCQA was assessed by Cronbach's alpha, test-retest and splitting methods. The criterion validity of the SCQA was assessed using the Contingencies of Self-Worth Scale and the Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale. The results indicated that the discriminant and convergent validity of the SCQA were desirable and the stability of the SCQA. The factor structure of the was assessed by exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. The results of the factor analysis indicated that the Self-esteem Contingency Questionnaire for Adolescents (SCQA) had eight factors. Overall, the findings suggests that the Self-esteem Contingency Questionnaire for Adolescents has a good psychometric properties in a sample of Iranian Adolescent Students and can be used in the Iranian culture -related studies Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
232 - Examining the Gender-based Equivalence of Factorial Structure of the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire- Short Form
Monireh Hosseinabadi Omid ShokriThis study aimed to examine the measurement invariance of the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ, Garnefski, Kraaij & Spinhoven, 2001) among male and female students. Three hundred and forty nine university students (182 females, 167 males) completed t MoreThis study aimed to examine the measurement invariance of the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ, Garnefski, Kraaij & Spinhoven, 2001) among male and female students. Three hundred and forty nine university students (182 females, 167 males) completed the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire. Multi-group confirmatory factor analysis was used to examinethe factorial invariance of the CERQ for both females and males. The results of single-group confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the nine-factor model of CERQ consisted of self-blame, acceptance, rumination, positive refocusing, refocus on planning, positive reappraisal, putting into perspective, catastrophizing and other-blame fit to the datafor the total sample and also for male and female groups, independently. The results of multi-group confirmatory factor analysis indicated cross-group invariance of measurement residuals, structural covariances and regression weights of the CERQ for both male and female. The findings suggested that multiple factors of the CERQ were perceived equally across the two gender. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
233 - Developing a coping strategies scale in iranian students:parallel forms
Parirokh Dadsetan Ali Asgari Marzieh HajizadeganIn order to develop an instrument for measuring coping strategies, a questionnaire was administered to 496 females, 649 males Iranian students selected by multi-stage sampling method. After conducting several explanatory factor analysis using oblique rotation (in two st MoreIn order to develop an instrument for measuring coping strategies, a questionnaire was administered to 496 females, 649 males Iranian students selected by multi-stage sampling method. After conducting several explanatory factor analysis using oblique rotation (in two stages), 100 items were selected that had high item total correlation ( > 0.4) and factor loadings (> 0.35). These items distinguished 8 coping strategies : 1) Social support, 2) spiritual support (religious), 3) cognitive restructuring, 4) problem solving, 5) wishful thinkibg and worry, 6) distracting (Physically and emotionally), 7) cognitive avoidance), 8) submission, and accounted for 33% of the variance. Two forms of the questionnaire, each consisting of 50 items, were developed based on similarity in content and equal factor loading such that the correlation coefficients between the factors of the two forms were significant and the difference in their means was insignificant. Cronbach's alpha for the two forms were 0.910 and 0.913 and SE were 3.60 and 3.61 respectively. Factor analysis of the forms confirmed 8 factors. Psychometric indices were calculated for the factors and their theoretical bases are discussed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
234 - Psychometric Properties of Behavioral Emotion Regulation Questionnaire
Hamid Barani Mahboobeh Fooladchang Mohsen Arbezi Ziba KabiriThe aim of the present study was to investigate the psychometric properties of Kraaij & Garnefski's behavioral emotion regulation questionnaire (BERQ). The present study was a correlational study, and more precisely the validation of the test. The study participants MoreThe aim of the present study was to investigate the psychometric properties of Kraaij & Garnefski's behavioral emotion regulation questionnaire (BERQ). The present study was a correlational study, and more precisely the validation of the test. The study participants were 291 people (121 male, 170 female) who were studying in 1398-99 academic year at Shiraz University and completed Kraaij & Garnefski's behavioral emotion regulation questionnaire (2019), Garnefski et al.'s cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire (2001), Chen et al.'s Basic Psychological Needs Satisfaction and Frustration Scale (2015) and Costa & McCrae'sNeuroticisim subscale (1992). After translating the BERQ, Confirmatory factor analysis and correlation with other scales were used to determine the validity. Cronbach's alpha method was also used to evaluate the reliability. The results of confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the five factors of Seeking Distraction, Withdrawal, Actively Approaching, Seeking Social Support and Ignoring. The results of correlation with other tests also confirmed the convergent validity of the scale. Also, all Cronbach's alpha coefficients indicated a high internal consistency of the factors. The results show that the BERQ has a very good validity and reliability in Iranian students, and is effective in measuring behavioral emotion regulation in the five dimensions mentioned. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
235 - Cross-Group Invariance of Factorial Structure of the Identity Style Inventory among Iranian Adolescents
Mahnaz Aliakbari Dehkordi Ali Khodaei Omid Shokri Zohreh Daneshvarpoorthis study was aimed to test the invariance of factorial structure of the Identity Style Inventory (ISI; Berzonsky, 1992) in 15– 17 year olds adolescents. The sample consisted of 376 high school students (181 males, 195 females). The ISI was adminestered to the pa Morethis study was aimed to test the invariance of factorial structure of the Identity Style Inventory (ISI; Berzonsky, 1992) in 15– 17 year olds adolescents. The sample consisted of 376 high school students (181 males, 195 females). The ISI was adminestered to the participants. Multi-group confirmatory factor analysis was used to examine the cross-group validity or invariance of factorial structure of ISI among males and females studying in first, second and third grades of high school. The results of single-group confirmatory factor analysis indicated that both the three-factor structure of identity styles ( informational identity, normative identity, and diffuse avoidant identity) and the mono-factor structure of identity commitment fit the data in an acceptable level for males and females and the three grade subgroups. The results of multi-group confirmatory factor analysis indicated crossgroup invariance of factor structure, factor loadings, and factor variances and covariances of the ISI in gender and grade subgroups. Emphasizing the group invariance of factorial structure of ISI, these findings indicate that ISI is a promising tool for measuring identity styles in gender and grade subgroups. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
236 - Core Self-Evaluations Scale: The Formation of a Construct
Mohtaram Nemat Tavousi Mahboobeh MohammadAli SharifiThis study investigated reliability, validity and confirmatory factor structure of the Core Self-Evaluations Scale (CSES; Judge, Erez, Bono & Thoresen, 2003). Six hundred and twenty two students (198 males, 424 females) were selected using multi-stage sampling metho MoreThis study investigated reliability, validity and confirmatory factor structure of the Core Self-Evaluations Scale (CSES; Judge, Erez, Bono & Thoresen, 2003). Six hundred and twenty two students (198 males, 424 females) were selected using multi-stage sampling method. The participants completed the CSES, the Personal Views Survey (PVS; Hardiness Institute, 1985), the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (1965), the Generalized Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES; Judge, Locke, Durham & Kluger,1998), the Internality, Powerful Others and Chance Scale (IPC; Levenson,1981), the Youth Coping Index (YCI; McCubbin, Thompson & Elver, 1996), the Neuroticism Scale of the Eysenck Personality Inventory (Eysenck & Eysenck, 1968),the Beck Depression Inventory-Short Form (BDI-SF; Beck & Beck, 1972). The factor structure of theCSESwas assessed by exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis.The results indicated that the CSES had a good internal consistency. The Cronbach α and 2-weeks test-retest reliability were .87 and .82, respectively. The positive correlation of the CSES with the Personal Views Survey, the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, the Generalized Self-Efficacy Scale, the Internality, Powerful Others and Chance Scale, and the Youth Coping Index indicated the convergent validity of the CSES. The negative correlation of the CSES with the Neuroticism Scale and the Beck Depression Inventory indicated the divergent validity of the CSES. The factorial analyses indicated that the CSES Scale was unidimensional.The findings suggest that the Core Self-Evaluations Scale has a good psychometric properties in a sample of Iranian Students. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
237 - The invariance of factorial structure of the academic expectations stress inventory in gifted and nongifted students
Mona Malekian Jabali Omid ShokriIn order to test the invariance of factorial structure of the Academic Expectations Stress Inventory (AESI; Ang & Huan, 2006), 680 high school students (355 gifted, 325 non-gifted) completed the AESI. Multi-group confirmatory factor analysis was used to examine the MoreIn order to test the invariance of factorial structure of the Academic Expectations Stress Inventory (AESI; Ang & Huan, 2006), 680 high school students (355 gifted, 325 non-gifted) completed the AESI. Multi-group confirmatory factor analysis was used to examine the cross-group validity or invariance of factorial structure of AESI in gifted and non-gifted students. The results of single-group confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the two-factor model of AESI (academic stress arising from self-expectations factor and academic stress arising from parents/teachers expectations factor) fit well to the data across two groups. The results of multi-group confirmatory factor analysis revealed the cross-group invariance of factorial structure, factor loadings, and factor variances and covariances of the AESI across gifted and non-gifted adolescents. The findings emphasizing the group invariance of factorial structure of AESI in gifted and non-gifted students suggested that it measured the same construct in these two groups. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
238 - Assessing the psychometric properthes of the ouality of life scale for diabetics(developing over aged 20-60)
Saeedeh Bazazian Asadollah RajabT his study assessed the reliability and validity of Quality of Life Scale for patients with diabetes (D-39, Boyer & Earp, 1997). 263 female and 197 male diabetic patients (age range 20-60 years) of the Iranian Diabetes Society completed the D- 39 and psychological MoreT his study assessed the reliability and validity of Quality of Life Scale for patients with diabetes (D-39, Boyer & Earp, 1997). 263 female and 197 male diabetic patients (age range 20-60 years) of the Iranian Diabetes Society completed the D- 39 and psychological well-being subscale of the Mental Health Inventory (Besharat, 1388). The coefficients of internal consistency and test-retest reliability, done in a 4 week interval, were 0.89 and 0.75 respectively. Results of principle component analysis using Promax rotation and confirmatory factor analysis revealed that the structure of the D-39 scale contains the following factors: diabetes control, energy and mobility, social burden, anxiety and worry, diabetes complications and other illnesses, and sexual functioning. These factors accounted for almost 64% of the variance. A significant negative correlation between the total score of the D-39, scores from its extracted sub-factors and the psychological well-being subscale of Mental Health Inventory confirmed the convergent validity of the scale. Differences among factors in the original scale and the Farsi version are discussed based on the age range of patients. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
239 - Construction and Standardization of a School Maladjustment Scale for High School Students
Mahsa Amirbagloie Daryani Hamzeh Ganji Hassan Pasha SharifiIn order to construct and standardize a School Maladjustment Scale, 405 students (261 girls, 144 boys) were selected from junior high schools of City of Tehran by cluster sampling method. The participants completed the School Maladjustment Scale. Examining the item-tota MoreIn order to construct and standardize a School Maladjustment Scale, 405 students (261 girls, 144 boys) were selected from junior high schools of City of Tehran by cluster sampling method. The participants completed the School Maladjustment Scale. Examining the item-total correlation led to elimination of 23 items. The results of principle components analysis and varimax rotation indicated that 24 items had factor loading less than 0.3, so these items were eliminated. The Cronbach's Alpha reliability coefficient for 88 item scale was 0.979. The results of factor analysis led to extraction of six factors: 1) academic indifference and lack of attention, 2) inappropriate behaviors toward teachers and classmates, 3) destructive and indiscipline behaviors, 4) bullying and antisocial behaviors, 5) deception and violation of rules, and 6) withdrawal and victimization by bullies, which explained 57.80 percent of the total variance. The concurrent validity of the scale using comparison to the Student Adjustment Inventory (Sinha & Singh, 1993) was 0.405. The results of confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the 6-factor model was supported by more than seven fit indices. All of the six components yielded high reliability coefficient Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
240 - Factor structure of the academic expectations stress inventory
Omid Shokri Ahmad BehPajouh Zohreh Daneshvar Pour Mohammad Molaei Zahra Naghsh Reza A. Tarkhan Fahimeh KehtariIn order to evaluate the factor structure and psychometric properties of the Academic Expectations Stress Inventory (AESI, Ang and Huan, 2006), 143 male and 182 female high school students were administered the AESI and the Brief Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale (FNES- MoreIn order to evaluate the factor structure and psychometric properties of the Academic Expectations Stress Inventory (AESI, Ang and Huan, 2006), 143 male and 182 female high school students were administered the AESI and the Brief Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale (FNES-B, Leary, 1983). Exploratory factor analysis confirmed the two factor-structure of the AESI in the Iranian sample: Expectations of Parents/Teachers and Expectations of Self. The findings of confirmatory factor analysis provided support for the factor structure derived from exploratory factor analysis and suggested that the two-factor model of AESI, compared to the one-factor model, was a better fit to the data. Significant positive correlations between the scores of BFNES scale and AESI's total and subscales scores provided empirical support for the convergent validity of the AESI. Internal consistency of the AESI total score and its subscales was good. The findings support the consistency of the AESI factor structure, and its validity in measuring stress of academic expectations in Iranian students. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
241 - A Psychometric Analysis of the Young Children's Appraisals of Interparental Conflict Scale
Sara Salavati Omid ShokriThe present study aimed to test psychometric properties of the Young Children's Appraisals of Interparental Conflict Scale (CPIC-Y; McDonald &Grych, 2006) among students between the ages of 9 and 11. One hundred and sixty two elementary school students (104 bo MoreThe present study aimed to test psychometric properties of the Young Children's Appraisals of Interparental Conflict Scale (CPIC-Y; McDonald &Grych, 2006) among students between the ages of 9 and 11. One hundred and sixty two elementary school students (104 boys, 54 girls) completed the Young Children's Appraisals of Interparental Conflict Scale and the Beck Depression Inventory for Youth (BDI-Y; Beck, Beck, Jolly & Steer, 2005). The confirmatory factor analysis method and internal consistency were used to investigate the CPIC-Y factorial validity and internal consistency, respectively. The results of confirmatory factor analysis supported three-factor structure of conflict properties, threat, and self-blame. The confirmatory factor analysis indicated that multidimensional structure of CPIC-Y was an acceptable measurement model. The significant positive correlations of all three CPIC-Y scales with depression provided support for the CPIC-Y convergent validity. Internal consistencies of the CPIC-Y scales were good. The findings suggested that CPIC-Y was an appropriate measure for assessing specific dimensions of interparental conflict in a sample of Iranian children. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
242 - Explanation and Validation of Effective Factors in the Tax Audit Quality Improvement model
Ramin Jamshidi Bahram Barzegar Abdolreza MohseniAbstract The purpose of this research is to explain and validate the effective factors in the tax audit quality improvement model. Since an important part of each country's macro decision-making is budget information and its related resources, and also a major part of MoreAbstract The purpose of this research is to explain and validate the effective factors in the tax audit quality improvement model. Since an important part of each country's macro decision-making is budget information and its related resources, and also a major part of social inequalities is caused by the lack of transparency in incomes and income gap, therefore identifying the factors that improve the quality model of tax audit And the evaluation of their relations can be a step in the direction of helping to fully secure the spending credits of the government's general budget, providing and increasing stable incomes, promoting tax justice and improving the structure of income distribution, helping the country's growth and development and realizing social justice. . The current research is an applied research. The data collection for the process of testing the designed model was done through a questionnaire and according to the categories obtained from the subsets of the main categories, and to measure the validity of the designed model from the structural equation model (analysis of quantitative data through confirmatory factor analysis ) and to test the hypotheses, PLS and SPSS software were used to analyze the correlation between variables and other tests. The findings of the research showed that the causal factors affecting the improvement of the tax audit quality model have a positive and significant effect on the central phenomenon categories affecting the improvement of the tax audit quality model. Also, the findings showed that the categories of the central phenomenon, background and intervening factors effective on the improvement of the tax audit quality model have a positive and significant effect on the strategic factors effective on the improvement of the tax audit quality model. Also, the findings showed that strategic factors have a positive and significant effect on the results. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
243 - Assessing Temporal and Spatial Variations of Groundwater Quality (A case study: Kohpayeh-Segzi)
Kh. Ebrahimi S. Feiznia M. Jannat rostami kh. Ausati -
Open Access Article
244 - Assessment of Relationships among Yield and Quality Traits in Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) under Dryland Farming System, Hamadan, Iran
M. Davodi A. A. Jafari G. Assadian A. Ariapour -
Open Access Article
245 - Variability and Correlation between the Seed Yield and its Component in Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) Populations under Dry Land Farming System, Hamadan, Iran
Ali Ashraf Jafari Milad Lak Ghasem Assadian -
Open Access Article
246 - Designing and explaining a model for organizational transformation of Governmental service Organizations with Mixed approach (Case Study: educational offices Iran)
Javad Deihim Mahmood Ghorbani Ahmad Zendehdel Ahmad Akbari. The purpose of this study was to design and explain the model of organizational transformation of educational office. This research was an applied research using a mixed-method design. In the qualitative approach, the Delphi method is used by referring to 25 academic More. The purpose of this study was to design and explain the model of organizational transformation of educational office. This research was an applied research using a mixed-method design. In the qualitative approach, the Delphi method is used by referring to 25 academic and educational experts selected by purposeful methods. In this study, 276 participants were selected by a stratified sampling method with appropriate allocation. The validity of the model was confirmed using face validity, and the reliability of the questionnaire was determined using the Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The results identified 7 dimensions, including a mission, leadership style, human capital, organizational communications, organization structure, information technology, reward system and 17 components for organizational transformation model. Also, the leadership style dimension and the components of transformational leadership and internal reward were determined as the most important ones. In addition to being very rich in the theoretical base, this research will also help to develop the cognition domain. The study suggests that if Managers of government organizations use the dimensions and components of the organizational transformation model, organizational transformation was highly effectiveness to achieve organizational performance and innovation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
247 - Exploratory Factor Analysis and Confirmatory Factor Analysis of Marketing Capabilities of Bank Melli Iran Brand in Tehran Province
mohammad najafzadeh ziaodin Sayyed Abbas Heidari Bahram KheiriBackground: Marketing capabilities, if high in companies, will enable them to obtain information about competitors' actions and reactions, create special value for their customers and create barriers to the entry of competitors and prevent their threats.Objective: Explo MoreBackground: Marketing capabilities, if high in companies, will enable them to obtain information about competitors' actions and reactions, create special value for their customers and create barriers to the entry of competitors and prevent their threats.Objective: Exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis of marketing capabilities of Melli Bank of Iran brand in Tehran province. Materials and Methods: In terms of the type of research, the research was applied and based on the path in terms of descriptive type, based on cross-sectional time and based on the implementation of the field type that was conducted in Melli Bank of Tehran. The type and method of research in this research is descriptive method. Results: For all models, the value of the division of kai statistics 2 to the degree of freedom less than 2 and the amount of RMSEA was less than 08.0, so it can be concluded that the mentioned models have a good fit. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
248 - آزمون "الگوی کاربردی توسعه پایدار اخلاق حرفهای حسابداری" با استفاده از تحلیل عاملی تائیدی
محمد نمازی حسین رجب دری -
Open Access Article
249 - Predicting Information Quality Ranking with Factor Analysis and Artificial Intelligence Approach
Akram Karimi Roya Darabi Mohammadreza Poor Fakharan Hossein MoghadamAbstractThis study examines the ranking of information quality ranking with the approach of factor analysis and artificial intelligence in companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange. The independent variable used in this research is the criteria of the management sys MoreAbstractThis study examines the ranking of information quality ranking with the approach of factor analysis and artificial intelligence in companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange. The independent variable used in this research is the criteria of the management system and the dependent variable of this research is the criteria of accounting information quality, which based on factor analysis method, all criteria have been converted into a single variable. The present study is part of experimental accounting research and artificial intelligence method has been used to test the research hypotheses. The results indicate that according to the variable selection method of neighborhood analysis, among the variables of the management system, the percentage of institutional owners "," dual role of CEO "," CEO tenure "," management ownership "," government ownership "have the highest correlation with rank Other results of Jackie's research are that the linear and non-linear artificial intelligence method pls has a high ability to predict the quality rating of accounting information of companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
250 - Study Different Rice Genotypes Using Factor and Cluster Analysis
ahmad majidimehr hannaneh khoshcherehRice is the staple main food more than half the world's supply and in large part from Asia Continent suppler more than 80 percent of calories, and 75 percent protein, consumption people. One way of increasing production, using than techniques plant breeding, and from to MoreRice is the staple main food more than half the world's supply and in large part from Asia Continent suppler more than 80 percent of calories, and 75 percent protein, consumption people. One way of increasing production, using than techniques plant breeding, and from tool important is selection plant breeding. So advice from genetic diversity and classification of genotypes to scope select parents suitable course may be recombination new genes in necessary breeding projects. So 10 rice genotypes Iranians was used at the Research and Natural Resources kohgiloyeh and boyer -Ahmad. Analysis of variance showed that the between genotypes experimental from course traits chlorophyll, leaf area, leaf length, 100-grain weight, length and width grain and grain yield of a significant difference existed. Study the correlation showed that between grain yield and with chlorophyll, leaf area, length panicle relationship positive and is significant. Result Analysis of factor to method varimax method identifies five factors that together explained 86.75 percent of the total variation. Classification genotypes with using cluster analysis to the minimum variance method, Genotypes Euclidean distance 16 in the groping three different classes. With the results of this research can for be set to generate genotypes short, early high-yield from cluster of genotypes 1 and 2 as suitable parental crossing used. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
251 - Investigation of correlation and causal relationships affecting yield of 14 cotton genotypes in normal conditions and imposing drought stress after flowering
saman sedigh Mohammad zabed M.Gh Ghaderi A. SamadzadehThe purpose of this study was to identify the most important traits affecting yield in 14 cotton genotypes in normal conditions and imposing drought after flowering. Two separate experiments were conducted in a randomized complete blocks design with three replicates at MoreThe purpose of this study was to identify the most important traits affecting yield in 14 cotton genotypes in normal conditions and imposing drought after flowering. Two separate experiments were conducted in a randomized complete blocks design with three replicates at the Agriculture Research Farm, University of Birjand during 2013. Phenotypic correlation analysis showed that the correlation between cotton yield with fiber weight, biological yield, harvest index, 1000-seed weight, number of bolls per plant, days to second harvest, oil percent in normal conditions and with fiber weight, biological yield, harvest index, 1000-seed weight and number of bolls per plant in stress condition was positively significant. The stepwise regression analysis showed that the boll number per plant and fiber weight was the most important traits that affected the cotton yield in normal and stress conditions, respectively. The path analysis showed that the fiber weight and biological yield in normal and the biological yield and harvest index in stress conditions had the greatest positive impact on cotton yield. For two conditions the genotypes were grouped into five classes by cluster analysis. Factor analysis was detected that five factors in normal conditions and four factors in stress conditions, showed % 90.03 and % 81.28 of total of variations. In normal and stress conditions yield factor selected as the first and secend important factors, respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
252 - Assessment the relationship between grain yield and agronomic traits of spring wheat genotypes in dry land condition
ali ahmadi R. Porghasemi T. Hosseinpor S. SohrabiTo investigate the relationship between agronomic characteristics with 18 spring wheat genotypes, an experiment was carried out in a randomized complete block design indry land condition of Agriculture and Natural Resources Research Station in Khorramabad during 2011-20 MoreTo investigate the relationship between agronomic characteristics with 18 spring wheat genotypes, an experiment was carried out in a randomized complete block design indry land condition of Agriculture and Natural Resources Research Station in Khorramabad during 2011-2012. Fourteen traits including seed yield and their components and morphological characteristics were evaluated. Correlation analysis showed that biomass has the highest positive and significant correlation coefficient (r= 0.79**) with yield. And then straw yield, harvest index and spike r = 0.56*, r = 0.50* and r = 0.49* respectively. Based on stepwise regression spike, harvest index, weight and height of the main spike yield components and grain yield were greater share of justification. Path analysis showed that the number of spike per square meter, harvest index, spike weight and height were important factors in increasing yield. The highest positive direct effects on grain yield were also related to the number of spikes and spike weight. Factor analysis showed that four factors (yield, biological yield, straw yield and seed weight) and independent of the total 72% of total variance explained data. The first factor is the factor with the greatest variance function against three traits of effective biological yield, straw yield and grain weight on grain yield confirmed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
253 - The selection of top genotypes in forage corn using multivariate methods in Varamin region
seyed mohammadreza ehtashami mahdi ramezani matin frouziIn order to investigate the various morphologic and physiologic characteristics of forage corn genotypes, an experiment carried out at Agricultural and Natural Resource Research Center of Tehran province during 2009-2010 growing season. Twenty genotypes of forage corn w MoreIn order to investigate the various morphologic and physiologic characteristics of forage corn genotypes, an experiment carried out at Agricultural and Natural Resource Research Center of Tehran province during 2009-2010 growing season. Twenty genotypes of forage corn were compared with based on Randomized Complete Blocks Design with four replications. Studied traits were growth period, number of leaf, plant height, stem diameter, fresh and dry weight of leaf, fresh and dry weight of stem, fresh and dry weight of sheath, fresh and dry weight of ear as well as fresh and dry forage yield and its quality. Results showed significant difference in 1% level for all of traits except length of growth period. The results of factor analysis using principal component analysis after varimax rotation showed that there are four main factors including forage quality (28.78%), forage yield (19.96%), morphologic characteristics (12.18%) and physiologic characteristics (12.13%) explained totally 73.05% changes of variance. Based on the bi-plot of the first and second principal components, genotypes No. 2, 17, 4 and 12 identified as top cultivars. The result of cluster analysis in two ways of Ward and Average distance was suggested to separate all of cultivars in three distinct clusters. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
254 - Combining Application of Factor Analysis and SWOT to Survey Marketing and Advertisement: A Case Study of Pistachio in Kerman Province
T. Sadeghi K. Ehsanpour R. Sedaghat -
Open Access Article
255 - The Classification of Agility Enablers for the Auto-Part Industry Suppliers
Mostafa Ziyaei HajipirluIn nowadays' turbulent business environment, perhaps it could be said that the role and importance of achieving the agility paradigm requirements in order to achieve excellence in all levels: individual, organizational and supply chain to manufacturing enterprises is mo MoreIn nowadays' turbulent business environment, perhaps it could be said that the role and importance of achieving the agility paradigm requirements in order to achieve excellence in all levels: individual, organizational and supply chain to manufacturing enterprises is more vital than other new emerged contributions. In the present study the agility enablers for automotive industry suppliers identified and classified. All of the small and medium enterprises producing auto- parts as suppliers in this industry in North West of the country consisted as the study population. The statistical sampling selected among the heads of this companies, also specialists, researchers and university professors which have executive or strong research history on the agility of the supply chain was conducted as a group of experts. The sample number using the Cochran relation for statistical community with an undisclosed amount of population, 265 people were identified. Data by using the questionnaire consists of 36 items has been collected. Its validity and reliability investigated by content validity and test-retest reliability using Spearman's correlation coefficient (r =0.814) has been reviewed and approved respectively. The results of exploratory factor analysis identified all of 36 indicators as the enablers of agility for suppliers in the auto-part industry. The results of exploratory factor analysis, classified indicators in the form of eight components, as follows: "management capabilities, flexible human resources, improving time performance, information technology methods, reduction of destabilizing factors, improving product quality, cost effectiveness and dynamic approach to the customers", with regard to the factor names constructing each of the component. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
256 - Genetic variation for quantitative and morphological traits related to grain yield in pure lines of barley (Hordeum Vulgare) using multivariate analysis
Omid Farami Mohsen Esmaeilzadeh Moghadam Eslam Majidi Heravan Hamid reza Nikkhah Mehdi Zaki zadeh In order to determine, genetic variation for quantitative and morphological traits related to grain yield in ninety nine pure lines of barley derived from barley breeding programs in different field stations and one commercial cultivar (Nosrat) More In order to determine, genetic variation for quantitative and morphological traits related to grain yield in ninety nine pure lines of barley derived from barley breeding programs in different field stations and one commercial cultivar (Nosrat) as check. This study was conducted using an alpha-lattice design with two replications at the Seed and Plant Improvement Institute (SPII), Karaj in 2007 - 2008 cropping season. The number of days to physiological maturity showed the highest (h2=100) and the grain yield (h2=60.5) medium heritability, respectively. Genetic correlations between the traits were similar to phenotypic correlations and were commonly greater. Factor analysis for studied traits revealed three factors which justified 100 percent of the total variation. The first factor which was named yield factor was included number of grain per square meter, grain yield and grain filling rate. The second factor consisted number of spike per square meter, number of grain per spike and grain weight per spike. The third factor included grain filling rate, thousand grain weight, and spike length. Path analysis also detected the same results as the other analyses and indicated the importance of number of grain per square meter in increasing grain yield. Cluster analysis based on all traits, detected three groups and identified the lines that derived from a specific breeding program/location were not very different and distributed in all three groups. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
257 - Studies on the Effect of Potassium,Zinc and Copper on Yield Production Wheat in Water Deficient
Hamid reza Mobaser Hosein Heydari Sharifabad Hamid Madani To determine the effect of water deficiency in different stage of two wheat cultivars; Chamran and Kavir, accompany with application of various elements such as potassium (K), zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) on quantity and quality of yield. Two More To determine the effect of water deficiency in different stage of two wheat cultivars; Chamran and Kavir, accompany with application of various elements such as potassium (K), zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) on quantity and quality of yield. Two years field experiments was carried out as Completely Randomize Block under spilt - spilt plot design with three replicates, on loamy fine sand soil during 2001 until 2003 growth season at the Research Center Institute of Zabol which is located in the Eastern of Iran. In these experiments, treatments of irrigation involved; well -irrigation, stop - irrigation after pollination (1 - 10.5, Fix scale) and stop- irrigation after milky stage of grain (5 -10.5, Fix scale), and fertilizer treatments included; nil fertilizer, copper sulphate (Cu So4) and zinc sulphate (ZnSo4), potassium sulphate (K2 So4) as 0, 30, 40 and 150 kg per hater, respectively. All fertilizer is applied at sowing time as sub- plots. The results of this study highlight that the stopped- irrigation at pollination stage reduced significantly biological yield, grain yield production and harvest index. However, in this case Chamran produced high biological yield and grain yield than Kaiver. In addition, application of fertilizer has significant effect on grain yield. In this experiment, stopped-irrigation treatments had significant effect on, nitrogen (N) concentration of grain. Also, K, Zn, and Cu increased high concentration of N in grain, and Chamran varity accumulated high N in grain than Kaiver. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
258 - Benefit segmentation in the Chain store (Case study on Adan chain stores)
seyed mohamad mirmohamadi Matan najandfard mohamad mahdi izadkhahIn recent years, marketers gradually take some distance from mass marketing to targeted marketing and this is a trend in marketing. Targeted Marketing can be performed on various bases. Targeted marketing steps are segmenting, targeting and positioning. Market segmentat MoreIn recent years, marketers gradually take some distance from mass marketing to targeted marketing and this is a trend in marketing. Targeted Marketing can be performed on various bases. Targeted marketing steps are segmenting, targeting and positioning. Market segmentation is the first step for targeted marketing and benefit segmentation is one of the methods of segmenting. This paper discusses about segmenting a large retail chain store customers based on benefit segmentation Method. Thus, after determining the expected benefits of customers with Delphi approach, using factor analysis, we identified six main factors expected benefits and then, based on these factors using cluster analysis, five clusters were identified and described. Since the process of market segmentation is done in organizations and companies, as subjective, providing a model that turns the process into a systematic and scientific process, it is innovation of this paper and could help marketing experts to develop this method in their researches and projects Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
259 - Developing a strategic model based on structural equation modeling and fuzzy logic approach in supplier selection
Mohammad menatian yahya chaghoei mohamad hosan adibisadeh This study was performed in Khoozestan Steel Company for the development of a model for strategic supplier selection approaches using structural equation modeling and fuzzy logic .The purpose of this research was to design and develop a suitable model for s More This study was performed in Khoozestan Steel Company for the development of a model for strategic supplier selection approaches using structural equation modeling and fuzzy logic .The purpose of this research was to design and develop a suitable model for supplier selection using structural equation modeling and fuzzy logic approaches in the Khoozestan Steel Company. Survey was done across all employees associated with the evaluation and selection of suppliers of the steel company, which had a total of about 200 people. Sampling method of this study is sampling available. Questionnaire used as a data collection tool, and for this research two questionnaires prepared to provide two levels of selection A comprehensive approach inclusive two-level structural equation modeling and fuzzy logic approach is proposed. SPSS, Lisrel and Matlab softwares were used for data analysis. After reviewing the literature and views of the experts of Khoozestan Steel, 8 criteria have been identified including high quality, Supplier delivery performance, service standard level, the cost and pricing level, high standard of management and organization, financial status, level of technology and technical capabilities and experience in providing funding for supplier evaluation and selection. After analysis, the results of the study showed that eight specified criteria have significant impact on the choice of supplier. The findings also confirmed the fitness and suitability of the supplier selection model and determination of the relative importance of research in the first level and position options for the Khoozestan Steel Company for determination of the supplier of alloy components at the second level and confirmation of compatibility and validity of decisions and final output of the proposed model showed that the scores are calculated. The highest of the A supplier has the most importantce and highest rank, and therefore the best option for Khoozestan Steel Company for supplying the alloy components. After A supplier, the suppliers of C, D and B are next in rank respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
260 - Rainfall water quality assessment in atmospheric deposition of an urban area: A case study of Akure in Nigeria
Francis Abulude Mohammed Ndamitso Aishat Abdulkadir -
Open Access Article
261 - Grouping of spring wheat recombinant inbred lines in term of some agronomic traits
hamze hamze Ali Asghari Seyed Abulghasem mohammadi Omid Sofalian Soleiman MohammadiIn order to Grouping of spring wheat recombinant inbred lines in term of some agronomic traits, an experiment was conducted by using a 148 recombinant inbred lines resulted of cross between two parent, Yecora Rojo & No. 49 at two places of Mahabad and Mian'doab in a MoreIn order to Grouping of spring wheat recombinant inbred lines in term of some agronomic traits, an experiment was conducted by using a 148 recombinant inbred lines resulted of cross between two parent, Yecora Rojo & No. 49 at two places of Mahabad and Mian'doab in alpha lattice design with two replications on normal and water deficit condition during two cropping season (2013-15). According to the combined analysis of variance, significant differences existed between the two moisture conditions for all traits and drought reduced the amount of 35.11% of grain yield in genotypes. The genotypes had significant difference for all traits and genotypes× environment interaction was significant only on biomass, so it became possible to compare lines in the average environmental conditions. In factor analysis based on principle component analysis, four factors were recognized that explained 75.04 percent of total variation of data. According to the dendrogram of cluster analysis, genotypes were divided into 4 groups that the first group, devoted the highest grain yield and yield component. Finally genotypes 7, 15, 17, 21, 27, 30, 34, 36, 37, 40, 56, 58, 59, 60, 62, 66, 67, 69, 76, 81, 89, 90, 91, 97 , 99, 109, 117, 118, 121, 125, 136 and No. 49 due to high yield and exposure to high-yield and its components cluster were identified a suitable genotypes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
262 - The effect of foliar application manganese on quantitative and qualitative traits of barley (Hordeum vulgare) and the relationships between them
nafiseh mahdinezhad mahmod mohammadkhani Brat Ali FakheriThis research was carried out at research farm of agricultural and natural resource station of Zabol, in 2014-2015. Cropping cycle, under alpha lattice design with two replications under two normal conditions and foliar manganese. Foliar Manganese at a concentration of MoreThis research was carried out at research farm of agricultural and natural resource station of Zabol, in 2014-2015. Cropping cycle, under alpha lattice design with two replications under two normal conditions and foliar manganese. Foliar Manganese at a concentration of 1 kg/ha was carried out in three stages of planting, stemming and flowering on 148 spring barley cultivars. The results showed that in different growth stages, foliar manganese increased the height, fresh and dry weight of forage, number of tillers per plant, leaf to stem ratio and reduction of seed to forage ratio, compared to normal treatment. Manganese solution increased Crude Protein, Crude Fiber, Acid detergent fiber, Natural detergent fiber and acid detergent lignin traits, as well as reduced qualitative characteristics of dry mater digestibility, Water soluble carbohydrate and ash compared with normal treatment. Simple correlation coefficients between traits showed that there is an inverse relationship between quantity and forage quality. As a result, the factors that increase the amount of forage reduce its quality and vice versa. In the following, using factor analysis, 14 variables were defined in five factors for normal conditions and four factors for manganese soluble conditions which justify 80.81% and 83.85% of the variation of the data, respectively. They made the results of this study indicated the total digestibility of dry mater digestibility, Water soluble carbohydrate, acid detergent fiber and natural detergent fiber from the oral parameters of forage, which can influence on forage quality and animal feed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
263 - Assessment of relationship between grain yield and some related traits in oilseed sunflower genotypes
Ali Saremi-Rad Seyede Maryam Seyed Hassan Pour Khodadad Mostafavi Hosein Sadeghi GiveThe purpose of this study is surveying the genetic diversity between oilseed sunflower genotypes and relationships between traits and grain yield, so 12 genotypes cultivated in a completely randomized block design with three replications. Based on the results of analysi MoreThe purpose of this study is surveying the genetic diversity between oilseed sunflower genotypes and relationships between traits and grain yield, so 12 genotypes cultivated in a completely randomized block design with three replications. Based on the results of analysis of variance, traits were observed among genotypes at a probability level of 1% for the traits of 100 seeds and at 5% probability for the traits of diameter and grain yield of diversity. The results of simple correlation coefficients of traits showed that the diameter of the plant had the highest correlation with plant height and 100 seed weight. The results of simple correlation coefficients of traits showed that the diameter of the plant had the highest correlation with plant height and 100 seed weight. The results of path analysis showed that the highest direct effect on seed yield was observed on seed width and plant height. Using factor analysis by principal component analysis, four factors justify 82.5% of the data variation. The first factor justified 34.2% of the total variance of the data, that named seed yield, the second factor justifying 21.9% of the variation factor that named length factor ,the third factor, justifying 14.5% of the data changes as the factor of 100-grain weight and the fourth factor justified 11.7% of the total data variance, was named dimeter factor. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
264 - Evaluation of sugar beet cultivars in agro ecological Miandoab region using multivariate statistical techniques in drought stress
Shahab Haidari Mehdi Panahi Kayvan FotuohiIn order to assessment of sugar beet varieties by using multivariate statistical methods in agro ecological conditions mentioned in normal and drought conditions a field study was conducted in Agriculture research center in Miandoab during year of 2014.Result of combine MoreIn order to assessment of sugar beet varieties by using multivariate statistical methods in agro ecological conditions mentioned in normal and drought conditions a field study was conducted in Agriculture research center in Miandoab during year of 2014.Result of combine analysis showed environment had significant effect Root yield, sugar content, the amount of sodium root, white sugar content, sugar yield, alkaline extraction of sugar and molasses. Difference between genotypes for all traits, except for the amount of potassium was significant. The interaction between environment and genotype had significant on all pages except white sugar yield. In represent study in normal and drought conditions white sugar yield had positive and significant correlation root yield, root potassium concentration, sugar yield and extraction of sugar. Based on cluster analysis genotypes were classified in 4 clusters under normal conditions that genotypes in cluster 2 had highest amount of root yield, sugar yield, the percentage of sugar white and white sugar yield than the average of the whole clusters and lower amount of sodium, potassium, amino nitrogen and molasses than average of the whole clusters. in drought stress genotypes were classified in 4 clusters that group of 3 had highest value of root yield, sugar percentage, amino nitrogen, the percentage of white sugar, sugar yield, extraction of sugar and white sugar yield than the average and had lower amount of sodium, sugar molasses and alkaline than average. The results of factor analysis showed in normal and drought conditions 2-factor were identified that explained 97.77 and 94.85 per cent of the total variance in the two conditions respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
265 - An Evaluation of Reliability, Validity and Factor Structure of the Questionnaire of Security of Sport Facilities.
نغمه سعیدی مجد حسین عبدالملکی عباس خدایاریThe aim of this study was to investigate the reliability, validity and factor structure of the questionnaire of security of sport complexes. The statistical population consisted of two parts: qualitative and quantitative. The qualitative section included sport managemen MoreThe aim of this study was to investigate the reliability, validity and factor structure of the questionnaire of security of sport complexes. The statistical population consisted of two parts: qualitative and quantitative. The qualitative section included sport management experts comprising 11 Delphi community members. In the quantitative section, the statistical population consisted of managers and staff of Karaj sport facilities (N = 785). In the qualitative section, all 11 experts who were the members of Delphi panel were selected as the research sample. In the quantitative section, given the nature of the study, 150 subjects were randomly selected in the research instrument design phase; they performed exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis of the questionnaire. A researcher-made questionnaire with 51 items and 12 components was used in this study. The components included environment control (4 items), entrance control (5 items), qualification and accreditation of individuals (4 items), physical protection systems (4 items), risk management (4 items), emergency management (5 items), communication (3 items), security personnel (4 items), education (modeling and simulation) (5 items), protection against toxic substances (4 items), sport facility structure (6 items) and cultural practices (4 items). Each item was on a 5-point Likert scale. The validity of the questionnaire was face and construct. The face validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by 10 sport management professors. KMO test was used for sampling adequacy and to understand if the number of items were enough to predict each component. Bartlett test was used to determine if the items were adequately correlated. In inferential statistics, exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis were used. The following components were identified: environment control, entrance control, qualification and accreditation of individuals, physical protection systems, risk management, emergency management, communications, security personnel, education (modeling and simulation), protection against toxic substances, sport facility structure and cultural practices. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
266 - Analysis and psychometrics of tools for measuring the development ofsocial capital through sport
mehdi tavakol hassan fahim hossein peymanizad Mohammad Reza Esmaeilzadeh GhandehariAbstractThe purpose of the present study was to construct and validate an instrument for assessing and measuring the effective indicators on the development of social capital through sport. The purpose of this study was to use applied research method and in terms of dat MoreAbstractThe purpose of the present study was to construct and validate an instrument for assessing and measuring the effective indicators on the development of social capital through sport. The purpose of this study was to use applied research method and in terms of data analysis method, descriptive and correlational type was used to collect information by field and survey. The statistical population of the study consisted of all faculty members of sport management and sociology of universities of the country, which were selected by random sampling based on the Morgan sample table. A tool for collecting research data in the qualitative section of the deep and exploratory interview and in the quantitative section, a researcher-made questionnaire consisting of 113 questions and 6 components. For analyzing the data and responding to the research hypotheses, descriptive statistics and inferential statistics methods were used with the help of SPSS version 23 and LISEREL 8/8. The results of the fitting indexes of the measured model showed that the questionnaire on the effective indicators on the development of social capital through sport was desirable. In general, the results of the research indicate that the indicators can satisfactorily measure the questionnaire of indicators that influence the development of social capital through sport. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
267 - Identifing the Behavioral Factors Involved in Increasing Students’ Participation in Recreational Sport Activities at Islamic Azad University
هادی عبداللهی فر علی محمد صفانیا مهدی نمازی زاده شیوا آزادفداFinding the appropriate solutions for attracting students in active participating in recreational sports and to ensure their health needs a good command in knowing the effective factors in this regard. The purpose of this study was to investigate the behavioral factors MoreFinding the appropriate solutions for attracting students in active participating in recreational sports and to ensure their health needs a good command in knowing the effective factors in this regard. The purpose of this study was to investigate the behavioral factors involved in increasing students’ participation in recreational sport activities at the university. This research has an applied orientation and is a mixed research in which is exploratory from qualitative point of view and is a survey research from quantitative view point.The statistical population of the qualitative section consisted of managers and faculty members related to the research subject, 22 of whom were selected by purposive quota sampling method. The statistical population of the quantitative section was the educational managers of the Azad University units including 381 persons. According to the condition of sufficient sample size for factor analysis, 200 were selected by stratified random sampling. Data collection method is the quantitative section, Libraries and semi – structured interviewed based on saturation in data collection, and at the quantitative stage a researcher-made questionnaire whose face validity was performed to confirm the questionnaire by experts. Delphi method was used for qualitative analysis of research variables and factorial analysis and confirmatory factorial analysis then the goodness of fit indices and Freedman was used in SPSS and LISREL soft wares. The results revealed that behavioral factors influencing students' participation in university leisure activities can be classified into three structural, interactive (interpersonal) and individual components. These results can help the officials formulate sports university strategies and policies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
268 - Construction and Validation of E-Readiness Questionnaire in Sports and Youth Departments: A case study of East Azarbaijan province
abbas mostafazadeh parivash nourbakhsh mehdi kohandelThe purpose of this study was to construct and validate the e-readiness questionnaire in sports and youth departments in East – Azerbaijan. To achieve this goal, scientific documents and various articles of 15 experts and university professors in the field of e-re MoreThe purpose of this study was to construct and validate the e-readiness questionnaire in sports and youth departments in East – Azerbaijan. To achieve this goal, scientific documents and various articles of 15 experts and university professors in the field of e-readiness of questionnaire were reviewed and 65 items were obtained. Then by reconsidering the opinion of experienced professors the questionnaire was reduced to 58 items. After exammining the qualitative stages, the questionnaire was administered among 162 employees of sports and youth departments of East –Azerbaijan. After going through qualitative and quantitative stages, the final questionnaire was designed with 53 items and seven factors. Confirmatory factor analysis was performed on e-readiness questionnaire and fitting model, regarding square root error variance of 0.068, was obtained which was an indication of suitability of fitness model. The reliability of the questionnaire on the basis of Cronbach’s alpha correlation coefficient of 0.86 was obtained which indicated that the reliability of the questionnaire was acceptable. According to the result of the research, factors of e-readiness on the basis of their significance are as following: management, human forces, politics, technology, organization, e-business environment readiness, environment. The designed questionnaire in this study can be a suitable tool for evaluating the e-readiness in sports organizations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
269 - Multivariate analysis of yield and its components in sunflower genotypes (Helianthus annuus L.) under favorable irrigation and moisture stress conditions
Ali Saremi-Rad Khodadad MostafsviConsidering the important role of sunflower in human life, in order to investigate the relationship between grain yield and other traits, 12 genotypes were cultivated in two conditions under favorable irrigation conditions and moisture stress in a randomized complete bl MoreConsidering the important role of sunflower in human life, in order to investigate the relationship between grain yield and other traits, 12 genotypes were cultivated in two conditions under favorable irrigation conditions and moisture stress in a randomized complete block design with three replications in 2015. Plant height and 100 seed weight in optimum irrigation condition and stem diameter, grain diameter, plant height, leaf length and leaf width were significantly and positively correlation with grain yield at 1 and 5% levels. The results of stepwise regression analysis in non-stress conditions showed that only two grain width and grain length traits were enteredinto the regression model and explained 80% of grain yield changes. However, under stress conditions, two traits of plant height and grain diameter were enteredinto the regression model and 91% of the changes explained. In factor analysis, four independent factors under normal conditions and three independent factors under stress conditions were 69.62% and 74.16% of total data changes. Considering the results obtained in terms of moisture stress, plant height and grain diameter, and under non stress conditions, traits related to seed characteristics (grain width, grain length and 100 seed weight) were the best traits for evaluating sunflower genotypes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
270 - Identification of information literacy status of teachers and provide a suitable pattern(Case study:education Qom city)
زهرا عباسزاده amirhosain mahmoodi fereshteh kordestani mehdi shariarmadari -
Open Access Article
271 - Assessing the Factor Validity of the Questionnaire "Creating a Distance Education System in Rural Areas" With Emphasis on Confirmatory Factor Analysis
Amir Hossein Oraki Mahboubeh Sadat Fadavi Narges SaeidianThe purpose of this study was to investigate the factor validity of the "Establishment of distance education system in rural areas" questionnaire with emphasis on confirmatory factor analysis. The research method was a series of exploratory explorations. In the qualitat MoreThe purpose of this study was to investigate the factor validity of the "Establishment of distance education system in rural areas" questionnaire with emphasis on confirmatory factor analysis. The research method was a series of exploratory explorations. In the qualitative part of the study, content analysis with inductive approach was used. Research environment in this section, 84 documents including 67 articles and books, 17 texts of interviews in the field of distance education that were selected as a sample, the components obtained in this research include 7 main components including management and leadership infrastructure, Economic infrastructure, technical infrastructure, educational infrastructure, socio-cultural and value infrastructure, organizational infrastructure and human infrastructure and 25 sub-components. The relative content validity coefficient was used to assess the validity and the Holsti coefficient was used to determine the reliability of the themes. The extracted reliability coefficient was 0.98 which indicated the high reliability of the themes. In the quantitative part, 290 members of the sample were selected by Cochran method and stratified random sampling method. The research tool was a 70-item researcher-made questionnaire. To evaluate the validity of the questionnaire, face, content and structural validity were used, and to assess its reliability, Cronbach's alpha with a value of 0.90 was used. According to the relative chi-square fit indices, adaptive fit, adaptive fitting and barbell, the model had a good fit. Finally, the factor validity of the "Establishment of distance education system in rural areas" questionnaire was confirmed using confirmatory factor analysis. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
272 - Instrumentation and validation of a questionnaire of factors affecting behavioral consequences in accidents
Shahin Fathi Ahmad Ghazanfari Farhad Jomehri Tayebeh SharifiAbstract Due to its geographical location, Iran has frequently faced natural disasters, especially earthquakes, which highlights the need to use the disaster management process. The purpose of the present study was to validate and construct a questionnaire of factors a MoreAbstract Due to its geographical location, Iran has frequently faced natural disasters, especially earthquakes, which highlights the need to use the disaster management process. The purpose of the present study was to validate and construct a questionnaire of factors affecting behavioral outcomes in accidents. Since this questionnaire was not designed and validated by local and indigenous researchers, the design of such a questionnaire is very important. Thus, using a survey research, 384 citizens of Tehran were selected and studied using multi-stage cluster sampling method, so that the desired test can be tested and validated based on it. First, 28 items were designed and 8 experts in the field of accident management and psychology, relying on the content validity based on the panel of experts, evaluated and corrected the items as well as the validity of the questionnaire. The questionnaire had both validity and acceptable reliability. Then, using exploratory factor analysis, more accurate validation was performed on the questionnaire. The findings of this analysis showed that the behavioral consequences of accidents can be examined based on the four components of civic behavior in accidents, lawfulness in accidents, self-care in accidents and empathy in accidents. Keywords: Behavioral Consequences, Accidents, Validation, Factor Analysis. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
273 - Investigation of psychometric properties of Enrich Couple Inventory of married women residing in Tehran
fahime vahidi Roya Kochak Entezar fariba Hassani fatemeh golshaniMarital satisfaction as an indicator of the health of husband and wife relationships has been a topic of interest for researchers. One of the most widely used tools for assessing marital satisfaction is the Enrich Marital Satisfaction Scale. This questionnaire has long MoreMarital satisfaction as an indicator of the health of husband and wife relationships has been a topic of interest for researchers. One of the most widely used tools for assessing marital satisfaction is the Enrich Marital Satisfaction Scale. This questionnaire has long and short forms. The present research was conducted to determine the psychometric properties of Enrich Couple Inventory (Fowers & Olson, 1989). This scale has 35 questions and 4 subscales. The research method is descriptive and correlational. Sampling method is convenience. Sample size consists of 200 married women residing in Tehran who responded to the Enrich Couple Inventory. The results of exploratory factor analysis showed that Enrich Couple Inventory has a four-factor structure in Iranian culture. The internal consistency of the scale is acceptable and the Cronbach's alpha is equal to 0.70. Enrich Couple Inventory as a tool can help specialists in the assessment of Marital Satisfaction and can be applied in Couples Therapy and research activities. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
274 - Factor Structure, Reliability and Measurement Invariance of the Achievement Goal Questionnaire in Male and Female University Students
zahra shabrokh foumani Seyed ali Hosseini AlmadaniThe main purpose of the present study was to investigate psychometric properties of the Achievement Goal Questionnaire- Revised (AGQ-R, Elliot & Murayama, 2008) among Iranian male and female university students. 332 students (141 male and 191 female) completed the A MoreThe main purpose of the present study was to investigate psychometric properties of the Achievement Goal Questionnaire- Revised (AGQ-R, Elliot & Murayama, 2008) among Iranian male and female university students. 332 students (141 male and 191 female) completed the AGQ-R, the Schoolwork Engagement Inventory (SEI, Salmela-Aro & Upadaya, 2012) and the School Burnout Inventory (SBI, Salmela-Aro, Kiuru, Leskinen & Nurmi, 2009). The confirmatory factor analysis and multi-group confirmatory factor analysis methods were used to compute the AGQ-R's factorial validity and its gender invariance, respectively. The results of confirmatory factor analysis based AMOS software showed that the fore factor model of AGQ-R (mastery-approach, mastery-avoidance, performance-approach and performance-avoidance) fit well to the data across two groups. The results of multi-group confirmatory factor analysis revealed the cross-group invariance of factorial structure, factor loadings, and factor variances and covariance’s of the AGQ-R across male and female university students. Internal consistency for the different types of achievement goals consisting of mastery-approach, mastery-avoidance, performance-approach and performance-avoidance goals was 0/76, 0/78, 0/90 & 0/85, respectively. In sum, the findings emphasizing the group invariance of factorial structure of AGQ-R in male and female students suggested that it measured the same construct in these two groups. On the other hand, these findings provide evidence for the validity and reliability of the AGQ-R to measure achievement goals in the 2×2 conceptual framework in both sexes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
275 - The Study of psychometric properties of Work-related Acceptance and Action Questionnaire in university’s staffs
mohammad sadegh sarizadeh Parviz Sabahi Fatemeh AkbariAbstractProper evaluation of psychological flexibility in various tissues can be strongly correlated with the variables associated with that tissue. Therefore, aim of current study was the Study of psychometric properties of the Persian version of Work-related Acceptanc MoreAbstractProper evaluation of psychological flexibility in various tissues can be strongly correlated with the variables associated with that tissue. Therefore, aim of current study was the Study of psychometric properties of the Persian version of Work-related Acceptance and Action Questionnaire in the staff of Semnan University in 2018. The statistical population of the study was the included all employees of Semnan University in 2018. Based on the criteria for entering the study and with using multi-stage cluster sampling, 241 people were selected. The original questionnaire was translated from English to Persian by method of Backward-Forward. To evaluate the psychometric properties of the questionnaire, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis using SPSS and Lisrel softwares were used. The results of this study showed that this questionnaire, like the original version, is a one-factor questionnaire. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient of the questionnaire was 0.871 for the whole questionnaire. Based on the results, it seems that Persian version of Work-related Acceptance and Action Questionnaire is the appropriate to evaluate the psychological flexibility in the job context. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
276 - Psychometric Properties of the Persian Version of Drivers Questionnaire in Iranian Students
gashav sharifi Abbas Abdollahi simin HosseinianPsychometric Properties of the Persian Version of Drivers Questionnaire in Iranian Students AbstractThe purpose of the present study was to prepare a Persian version of the Drivers Questionnaire (Winfield, Edwards, and Reddy, 2012) and to investigate its psychometric pr MorePsychometric Properties of the Persian Version of Drivers Questionnaire in Iranian Students AbstractThe purpose of the present study was to prepare a Persian version of the Drivers Questionnaire (Winfield, Edwards, and Reddy, 2012) and to investigate its psychometric properties among university students. The research method was testing and its statistical population was all undergraduate, master and Ph.D. students of Tehran, Al-zahra and Azad universities in 2020. Of these, 287 were selected through available sampling. The data were analyzed using Cronbach's alpha indices, composite reliability, content validity index, content validity ratio, and confirmatory factor analysis. Cronbach's alpha was 0.60 for all drivers’ Questionnaire standards. Also, the composite reliability scores 88%. CVR was more than 62% and CVI more than 79%, indicating good content validity of the scale. The results of confirmatory factor analysis showed that factor loadings were greater than 0.3 and all paths from items to hidden variables were significant at the .001 level and the scale had appropriate construct validity. CMIN/DF 1/83 (p=.001); GFI 0.92, CFI 0.91, NFI 0.90, and RMSEA 0.54 were within acceptable thresholds. Given the desirable psychometric properties of the Persian version of the Drivers Questionnaire, it can be suggested to psychologists and counselors in research and diagnostic situations.Keywords: Accreditation, Factor Analysis, Psychometric Assessment, Drivers Questionnaire Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
277 - Psychometric properties of the Perceived Social Support Questionnaire and its relationship with the quality of life of nurses
Roghyeh MalakimahmoodabadiThe aim of this study was to investigate the factor validity and reliability of the Perceived Social Support Questionnaire and its relationship with the quality of life of nurses. This questionnaire was developed by Zemit et al. (2008). For this purpose, 355 male and fe MoreThe aim of this study was to investigate the factor validity and reliability of the Perceived Social Support Questionnaire and its relationship with the quality of life of nurses. This questionnaire was developed by Zemit et al. (2008). For this purpose, 355 male and female nurses were randomly selected from public hospitals in Tehran. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to evaluate the reliability of the questionnaire and exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis was used to determine its factor validity. Consistent with the results of Zamit et al.'s (2008) study, the present study showed that this questionnaire has acceptable internal consistency and Cronbach's alpha coefficients in its subscales are between 0.79 and 0.90. Also, the results of exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis confirm that the structure of the questionnaire has an acceptable fit with the data and all goodness indicators of the fit confirm the model. The results also showed that the components of friends, family and society have a positive and significant relationship with quality of life and its dimensions. Physical and mental health and quality of life in general had a positive and significant relationship with all dimensions of perceived social support (P <0.05). Therefore, this questionnaire can be a good tool to assess the perceived social support of nurses and ultimately the perceived social support has an impact on the quality of life of nurses. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
278 - The Development, Evaluation, and Refinement of the Planning to Achieve Goals scale: Applying Graded Response Model of Item-Response Theory in Test Construction
mohammad ahmadi deh qutbaddini valiyohhah farzadThis study aims to design, evaluate, and refine the scale of planning to achieve future goals based on indicators from the American School Counselors Association. For this purpose, a sample of second-grade students from Sirjan and Rafsanjan in three disciplines of human MoreThis study aims to design, evaluate, and refine the scale of planning to achieve future goals based on indicators from the American School Counselors Association. For this purpose, a sample of second-grade students from Sirjan and Rafsanjan in three disciplines of humanities, experimental science, and mathematics (n = 1030) was selected by multistage cluster sampling method and the desired scale was implemented on them. The initial scale consisted of 48 questions and 7 factors designed on a 5-point Likert scale continuum which was analyzed using the principal component analysis model and graded response model of item-response theory. The results showed that of the first 48 questions according to the item information function diagram, eight questions were omitted, the remaining questions had a slope parameter in the range of 1.091 to 2.899 and category thresholds between -0.056 to 1.379. To validate the long and short form factor scores, the correlation between the two test factor scores showed that the correlation between the two general scores and the component scores were all above 0.9 and nearly 96.8% of the respondents in both test forms correctly classified. Therefore, it can be concluded that IRT models are a useful tool for constructing, evaluating, and refining short measurement tools that are valid as long forms. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
279 - Psychometric properties academic hardiness for late elementary school children
Zahra Nasseri Fatemeh Shaterian mohammadiThe purpose of this study was to examine the psychometric properties of School Related Hardiness Scale (SHRS) in Saveh’s late elementary school Students. The research method was descriptive type based on exploratory-survey method. Statistical population was contai MoreThe purpose of this study was to examine the psychometric properties of School Related Hardiness Scale (SHRS) in Saveh’s late elementary school Students. The research method was descriptive type based on exploratory-survey method. Statistical population was containing all of Saveh’s late elementary school students in 2017-2018 academic years. Sample of research was consisted of 399 students of late elementary schools who were selected using stratified random sampling. A total of 221 people, 55.4% of male and 178 male participants, 44.6%, are female. Assessment instruments consisted of School Related Hardiness Scale (SRHS). Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) based on principles component analysis and Varimax rotation and Confirmatory Factor Analysis(CFA) was conducted. Exploratory factor analysis showed a three main factors measurement model(tree factor of control, commitment, and challenge) and nine subsidiary factors confirmed by confirmatory factor analysis. The total value of reliability with the value of 0.778 represents the internal validity of the hardiness questionnaire. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
280 - Determing determining psychometrice characteristics of Brief Core Schema Scales (B C S S)
Zahra Hoseinpour Adis KraskianMojmbaryThe aim of study was to evaluate The psychometric characrteristics of the Brief Core Schema Scales (BCSS) in Iranian society This study was from descriptive_type research The study. Sample consisted of 542 students(280 female and 262 male). Selected in randomly mu MoreThe aim of study was to evaluate The psychometric characrteristics of the Brief Core Schema Scales (BCSS) in Iranian society This study was from descriptive_type research The study. Sample consisted of 542 students(280 female and 262 male). Selected in randomly multi_step random students of Karaj Azad University In order to answer the reserch questions analyses of classical psychometric Theory incoluding analysis of exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis with principal components were used Also to check The validity of the scale Some methods were used in coluding The correlation between The total score andSubscale criterion _referenced validity And cronbach’s alpha coefficiend to estimale the In ternal consistency and tables of norm scale for Presenting the Z sigma _aligned scores The T score and rating percentin SPSS software. The results showed that exploratory Factor analysis and confirmatory factor Analysis showed The Validity of The Brief Core Schema Scales in the Iranian community The results of this study Confirmed the crite rion_refernced Validity Of dissociative Experiences scule of Juveniles in Iran.Estimated coefficients showed reliability of scale and Subscales in both dimension of in ternal in both dimension, of internal consistency and reliability. Also regarding the results of Comparison of juveniles Dissociative Experiences scores and subscalein Gender . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
281 - Intercultural Comparison of Resilience Construct
noor mahe haj mohamad rezaResilience is the ability of human beings to adapt and overcome threats and hardships. Resilience is affected by different factors. The present study uses the descriptive method that was carried out with the aim of intercultural comparison of resilience. Sample populati MoreResilience is the ability of human beings to adapt and overcome threats and hardships. Resilience is affected by different factors. The present study uses the descriptive method that was carried out with the aim of intercultural comparison of resilience. Sample population included all of the university students of Tehran. 400 students were chosen through cluster sampling. Evaluation tool was the resilience questionnaire (Connor-Davidson, 2003) that was analyzed by factor analysis after completion by students. Findings showed that the resilience construct has a proper validity and reliability and includes five factors of purposivism, self-control, problem solving ability, belief and optimism. A comparison of the obtained results with the factor analysis results of the questionnaire in other countries (Spain, India and South Korea) showed that: the number of components and the questions related to each component of resilience construct is different in different countries. In addition, the purposivism and ability to self-control are more important in Iranian culture. So, intercultural differences should be taken into account while considering the resilience of people. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
282 - School engagement: factor structure and validation study of scale
Mohamad Hosein Khani Enayat Olah Zaman Por Seydeh Khadijeh MoradyaniBackground: School engagement is associated with several positive academic outcomes which cause growing interest among researchers. Inconsistencies in measures of school engagement in the literature around the world have called for reexamining its components a MoreBackground: School engagement is associated with several positive academic outcomes which cause growing interest among researchers. Inconsistencies in measures of school engagement in the literature around the world have called for reexamining its components and subscales in Iran. Goal: The aim of this study is exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis of school engagement scale for Iranian high school students Method: The research's method is correlation. The population is taken from students of the public high school of Rey, Tehran. The total number of the participants is 322 which were selected by the random cluster sampling method. They respond to Wang, Willett & Eccles school engagement questionnaire. Results: Exploratory factor analysis extracts 4 components which were confirmed by first order confirmatory factor analysis. Second order confirmatory factor analysis showed that these four components can be categorized in two subscales. Discussion: In summary, our revised scale of school engagement has suitable reliability and validity. We can use this scale to assess school engagement of students. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
283 - Parity Reading Scale Approval in Elementary School Students in Ilam City
Zeynab Mihan DoustAbstractThe purpose of this study was to analyze the diagnostic checklist for disintegration readings. The studied population consists of 3rd, 4th and 5th grade students of Ilam city in the academic year of 2010-2010. A sample group of 310 students (136 boys and 174 gir MoreAbstractThe purpose of this study was to analyze the diagnostic checklist for disintegration readings. The studied population consists of 3rd, 4th and 5th grade students of Ilam city in the academic year of 2010-2010. A sample group of 310 students (136 boys and 174 girls) from elementary school students in Ilam and the suburbs selected by multi-stage sampling method. The research tool is a student reading questionnaire which has 33 questions and is completed by teachers. The coefficient of validity of the test was obtained by using Cronbach's alpha of 0.93. The implementation of the analysis of the main components of the test in this study shows that the test materials are generally correlated with one factor Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
284 - The Consideration of Validity and reliability of Adult Self xpression Scale and relationship between Self Expression and quality of interpersonal relationship on male and female teachers
Ahmad Davodi Rahim DavariThe purpose of this study was to investigate the validity and reliability of adult self expression scale and relationship between Self Expression and quality of interpersonal relationship on male and female teachers of Qazvin in t MoreThe purpose of this study was to investigate the validity and reliability of adult self expression scale and relationship between Self Expression and quality of interpersonal relationship on male and female teachers of Qazvin in the academic year of 2017-2016. Sample consists of 400 teachers selected randomly cluster sampling. The data gathering tool included self-disclosure scale-the adult forms of Hollandsworth‚ Galassi & Gay (1977), the quality of interpersonal relationships, Pierce, Sarason, & Sarason (1991), and Rathus assertivness Schedule (1973). To analyze the data and to investigate the research hypotheses, exploratory and confirmatory research was applied, Pearson correlation coefficient and regression were used. The results of Cronbach's alpha coefficient and point-to-point coefficient showed that 33 of 47 questions were eliminated due to lack of clean factor higher than 0.20 and the standardized Cronbach's alpha coefficient for 14 questions was calculated 0.78. Exploratory factor analysis by main component analysis and varimax rotation method showed that the self-detection scale has one factor, and this is a factor with a specific value of 3.65, alone, reveals 26.04% of the variance of the test.The results of the first factor analysis also showed the validity of the scale structure. The results of Pearson correlation coefficient showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between self-disclosure and quality of relationship with parents, quality of relationship with each other, overall score of the quality of interpersonal relationships. The results of self-regression self-disclosure on the quality of interpersonal relationships revealed that 0.014% of the variance in the quality of the relationship with the parents, 0.12% of the variance of the quality of the relationship with the spouse, and 0.018 of the variance of the quality of the relationship between, are explained through self-disclosure. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
285 - Validation of Adolescent Dissociative Experiences Scale in Iran
Nieusha alaii fardzari Adis kraskebanThe aim of this study was to evaluate the psychometric characteristics of Adolescent Dissociative Experiences Scale (A-DES) in Iranian society. This study was form descriptive-type research. The study sample consisted of 530 students (280 female and 250 male) selected i MoreThe aim of this study was to evaluate the psychometric characteristics of Adolescent Dissociative Experiences Scale (A-DES) in Iranian society. This study was form descriptive-type research. The study sample consisted of 530 students (280 female and 250 male) selected in a multistage random cluster among students of Alborz Province high schools;After the translation of the Dissociative Experiences Scale of teens and revert back to the original language, the scale was translated into Farsi again. After final approval, surveys were taken for implementation of questionnaires in the sample. In order to answer the research questions and examine the hypotheses of research, analyses of classical psychometric theory including analysis of exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis with principal components were used. Also to check the validity of the scale, some methods were used including the correlation between the total score and subscales as convergent validity, dividing method and Cronbach's alpha coefficient to estimate the internal consistency and tables of norm scale for presenting the Z sigma-aligned scores, the T score and rating percent in SPSS software. The results showed that exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis showed the validity of the test to measure the Dissociative Experiences of teens in the Iranian community. The results of this study confirmed the convergent validity of Dissociative Experiences Scale of juveniles in Iran. Estimated coefficients showed reliability of scale and subscales in both dimensions of internal consistency and reliability. Also regarding the results of comparison of juveniles Dissociative Experiences scores and its subscale in gender groups, norm scale was drafted based on the percentile ranks and Z and T-standard scores for all subjects. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
286 - Teens perception scale standardization of practices by parents, and compared the relationship between the girls and boys in Tehran
Narges Babakhani Elahe Hejaze moghani Hasan PashasharifiA questionnaire perception of parental educational practices (POPS) by (Grvlnyk et al., 1997) was prepared,A questionnaire perception of parental educational practices (POPS) by (Grvlnyk et al., 1997) was prepared, Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
287 - The standardize Social Skills Rating System for Parents and Teachers ,Preschool Level (SSRS-PT) Gresham & Elliott in AMOl
Ali Asghar Abbasi Asfjir Fereshteh KhatibiThis study was done to standardize Social Skills Rating System for Parents and Teachers ,Preschool Level (SSRS-PT) Gresham & Elliott (1990) in a sample of 420 (210 males,210 females) prescoolers, 4-6 years in the city of Amol.Children were chosen based on multi stag MoreThis study was done to standardize Social Skills Rating System for Parents and Teachers ,Preschool Level (SSRS-PT) Gresham & Elliott (1990) in a sample of 420 (210 males,210 females) prescoolers, 4-6 years in the city of Amol.Children were chosen based on multi stage Cluster Sampling method and rated by Parents and Teachers with SSRS-P and SSRS-T questionnaires. In order to determine the Reliability of questionnaires,Cronbach’s alpha and Retest method was used.Content related and Construct Validity was used to assess the Validity of questionnaires.Construct Validity was evaluated by Factor Analysis.Datas were analysed by ststistical T-test, Chi Square and Correlation Coefficient .Cronbach’s alpha for both SSRS-P and SSRS-T reports was 0.93 and for behavorial problems was 0.87 that reveal Parent and Teacher’s reports are reliable and show high Internal Consistency.The results of Retest method confirmed the Reliability of both reports with high Correlation.. Factor Analysis of Social Skills addressed three factors of Cooperation,Assertion and Self Control in Teachers reports and four factors of Cooperation , Assertion , Responsibility and Self Control in Perent report . For Behavorial Problems obtained Internalized and Externalized factor in both reports.Goodness of Fit Index (GFI) showed that theoretical and experimental pattern was good. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
288 - Confirmatory factor analysis of Applied Metacognitive questionnaire in group exercises
Rahman Akbari Tayebeh Sharifi Shirali Kharamin Jamal AbediThe purpose of this study was to investigate the confirmatory factor analysis of Applied metacognition questionnaire in group exercise. The statistical population of the study consisted of all professional athletes in the first group and the nationa MoreThe purpose of this study was to investigate the confirmatory factor analysis of Applied metacognition questionnaire in group exercise. The statistical population of the study consisted of all professional athletes in the first group and the national league of group disciplines (football, volleyball, handball, and basketball). The sample included 800 athletes selected by random cluster sampling. The applied metacognition questionnaire in group exercise consisted of 30 items that were graded with a five degree Likert scale (from very low = 1, very much = 5). The results of Factor analysis showed that the quadratic model is consistent with the exploratory factor analysis of the questionnaire for the purpose of separation of questions and adaptation. The reliability obtained using Cronbach's alpha for quadruple factors ranged from 0.51 to 0.73, indicating a good reliability of the tool. The results of confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the four-factor model of metacognitive questionnaire in group exercises, including perceived speed, planning, self-esteem, and awareness with appropriate fitness. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
289 - Survey on validity and reliability of Emotion awareness questionnaire in primary school students of Tehran
Atefeh Gholamreza Hayedeh saberiOne of the indicators of behavioral problems in children and adolescents is the emotional intelligence. The most important component of emotional intelligence is emotional awareness. One of the novel tools for measuring emotional awareness in childr MoreOne of the indicators of behavioral problems in children and adolescents is the emotional intelligence. The most important component of emotional intelligence is emotional awareness. One of the novel tools for measuring emotional awareness in children and adolescents is Rieffe emotional self-awareness questionnaire. The aim of this study is to determine the validity and reliability of this questionnaire. For evaluating the reliability of this questionnaire, internal consistency, Cronbach's alpha, was used. For checking the validity of the questionnaire, Face Validity and confirmatory factor analysis based on structural equation modeling were used. The results showed that this questionnaire with 30 questions in three measures has not been sufficient reliability (Cronbach's alpha coefficient less than 6.0) and with eliminating a question of each subscale, validity condition was provided. As a result, recommended the modified version with 27 questions, that fits Iranian children and adolescents, to be used for future studies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
290 - Scientific Study, Validity, Reliability and Norming of Spiritual Intelligence Test in University Students Tonekabon
Dr. Hamidreza vatankhahAbstract The general purpose of this investigation is scientific study, validity, reliability and norming of spiritual intelligence test in Tonekabon city. To gain this purpose a sample group including 451 people (190 boys & 261 girls) were selected randomly MoreAbstract The general purpose of this investigation is scientific study, validity, reliability and norming of spiritual intelligence test in Tonekabon city. To gain this purpose a sample group including 451 people (190 boys & 261 girls) were selected randomly. Afterward a questionnaire including 83 items applied to assess their spiritual intelligence. This was measured on a six-point likert scale with categories from never to almost always. To obtain the correlation of each item with total score of the group, Cronbach’s alpha was used. For the group concluding 82 items, the coefficient of Cronbach alpha was 0.875. Whenever a question of the assessment is omitted, validity coefficient (homogenous) of the test which is equal to 0.875 in normal condition, decreases but if the questions number 5,6,9,11,22,23,31,33,34,44,53,55,60,68,74,75,76,79 are omitted, the validity coefficient increases. The maximum increase of validity is 0.877 which is related to the questions 9,11,22,23,34,75,76. Question 61 was omitted from the questionnaire due to weak correlation. To survey about the reliability of the concept and to know that this measurement is satiated with what factors, we used factor analysis. As the amount of Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) was 0.77 and as Croit Bartlet’s particular is meaningful, there is a proper condition to perform factor analysis. By analyzing principal components and Varimax Rotation and with regard to factor Matrix, 14 factors were extracted. Average scores of boys and girls in factors 2,3,4,5 have meaningful differences at level of 0.01 and 0.05. In every four factors average scores of girls are more than boys; however there were not significant differences between the other 10 factors. Generally there are significant differences between average scores of girls and boys. Introduction Spirituality is one of inner requirements by human which exists in hearts, minds and customs especially religious customs. As Tillich has said spirituality is the final concern; as all humans have a final concern so all are spiritual (Akins et al, 1988). In the recent decades, the theories of multiple-intelligence have increased our general perception about intelligence beside traditional perception (linguistic and logical abilities related to Intelligent Quotient (IQ) including spiritual, existential, social intelligence and talent which change to creative and emotional practices) (Bar, 2000; Gardner, 1983, 2000; Emmons, 1999; Halama & Stridence, 2004; Goleman, 2001; Mayer & Salovey, 1993; Sternberg, 1997). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
291 - Designing and validating the entrepreneurship curriculum model in technical and vocational colleges
Mohammad Sadegh Yousefipour mohamadhosein yarmohamadian ahmadali foroughia abri Mohammad Ali NadiThe general purpose of the research is to design and validate the entrepreneurship curriculum model for students of technical and vocational colleges and to validate it from the perspective of specialists and educators. Constituencies were selected. To evaluate entrepre MoreThe general purpose of the research is to design and validate the entrepreneurship curriculum model for students of technical and vocational colleges and to validate it from the perspective of specialists and educators. Constituencies were selected. To evaluate entrepreneurship, in the first step, an entrepreneurship framework was developed, in the second step, based on that, tools for evaluating entrepreneurship components in the curriculum of technical and vocational colleges were developed. The reliability of the research instrument using internal consistency methods (Cronbach's alpha and combined reliability) is higher than 0.70. . In the statistical part, standard deviation, t-test, analysis of variance and confirmatory factor analysis were used. After analyzing the data by Smart-PLS3 and SPSS19 software, the findings showed that the entrepreneurship framework is valid. Entrepreneurship includes three general components: cognitive, skill and attitude. According to the research findings, the goals of entrepreneurship are familiarity with the concepts of knowledge, motivation, entrepreneurial skills. The content of those theoretical foundations of entrepreneurship; Learning and managing business and communication were the personality traits and skills of entrepreneurs. Active teaching approaches; Direct, practical and operational presentation methods are appropriate. Also in evaluation approaches; Methods of assessing knowledge, attitude, and skill are important. And finally, the entrepreneurial status is below average. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
292 - Validity, reliability and factor structure of theexperiences ofclose relationships questionnaire - the relationship structure (ECR-RS)
Mino Poravari Saeid GHanbari Ali Zadeh Mohammadi Leila PanaghiThe experiments scale related to close relationship, structure of the relationship, is based on attachment dimensional approach and it is one of the most widely used tests in the field of adult attachment. The present study examined the reliability, validity and factor MoreThe experiments scale related to close relationship, structure of the relationship, is based on attachment dimensional approach and it is one of the most widely used tests in the field of adult attachment. The present study examined the reliability, validity and factor structure of the experience of close relationship-relationship structure questionnaire. For this purpose, a sample size of 340 unmarried young adults aged 18 to 30 years living in various parts of Tehran, were selected from available samples and they were evaluated in terms of closed relationship- relationship structure , anxiety, depression and stress. The result of factor analysis revealed that a two-factor model using both factor of avoidance and anxiety in every field fit in Iranian society. Cronbach's alpha coefficient, was higher than 0.70 and was satisfactory; in addition, the test-retest coefficient of the questionnaire after two weeks intervals was between 69.0 to 80.0 respectively. Correlation efficient analysis indicated that the scores of close relationship-structure of relationship has positive and significant relationship with anxiety, depression, and stress. This relationship indicates convergent validity of the close relationship-relationship structure questionnaire. We can say that the aforesaid questionnaire is a valid and useful tool for carrying out related research in various fields associated with attachment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
293 - Exploratory Factor Structure and Reliability of Preliminary Version of Mental Health problems Scale- Teacher Form for Iranian Students in Late Adolescent Age
saeed akbari nader mansourkiayi alimohammad zanghaneh fatemeh erfanifar mohsen jalalat danesh s.mohammad shahvarani siamak tahmasbi garmtani s. ein allah tiymori fardAdolescents are at risk for behavioral and emotional problems. Most of the disorders that firstly are diagnosed in adulthood have roots in late adolescence. The aim of the current study was to develop a preliminary version of Mental Health Problems Scale- Teacher Report MoreAdolescents are at risk for behavioral and emotional problems. Most of the disorders that firstly are diagnosed in adulthood have roots in late adolescence. The aim of the current study was to develop a preliminary version of Mental Health Problems Scale- Teacher Report for Iranian in late adolescent age (15-18 years). For this purpose, 207 teachers from Fars, Sistan and Baloghestan, Kermanshah, Khorasan razavi, East Azarbaijan, and Alborz Provinces were selected by convenience sampling method and asked him to complete the Mental Health Problem Scale and Achenbach’s Behavior Problems Scale- Teacher Report Form. Item analysis and exploratory factor analysis showed that the 7-component model has the best fit with the theoretical framework of the study. Also, correlation coefficients of the subscales of mental health problem scale and the subscales of the Achenbach Scale indicated the appropriate criterion validity of this instrument. Generally, the findings indicate that the Adolescents Mental Health Problem Scale- Teacher Report has the psychometric adequacy to screen the behavioral problems of students in late adolescent age (second high school) Manuscript profile
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