Development and Initial Validation of Foreign Language Anxiety Scale (FLAS)

Subject Areas : Research in English Language Pedagogy

Foroogh Mahigir ¹

1 - Department of Counseling and Psychology, Farhangian University, Tehran, Iran

Received: 2021-06-04 Accepted : 2021-08-28 Published : 2021-12-01

Keywords:

References:

Abu-Rabia, S., Peleg, Y., & Shakkour, W. (2014). The relation between linguistic skills, personality traits, and language anxiety. Open Journal of Modern Linguistics, 4, 118-141 https://doi.org/10.4236/ojml.2014.41011.

Aida, Y. (1994). Examination of Horwitz, Horwitz, and Cope’s construct of foreign language anxiety: The case of students of Japanese. Modern Language Journal, 78(2), 155-168 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-4781.1994.tb02026.x.

Al-Saraj, T. M. (2014). Foreign language anxiety in female Arabs learning English: Case studies. Innovation in Language Learning and Teaching, 8(3), 257-278.

Anandari, C. L. (2015). Indonesian EFL students’ anxiety in speech production: Possible causes and remedy. TEFLIN Journal, 26(1), 1-16.

Anika Deinert, Astrid C. Homan, Diana Boer, Sven C. (2015). Voelpel and Daniela Gutermann, Foreign Language sub-dimensions and their link to leaders' personality and performance. The Language Quarterly, 26(6), 1095-1010.

 Ariyanti, A. (2016). Psychological factors affecting EFL students’ speaking performance. ASIAN TEFL, 1(1), 77-88. 

Arnaiz, P., & Guillen, F. (2012). Foreign language anxiety in a Spanish university setting: Interpersonal differences. Revista de Psicodidáctica, 17(1), 5-26.

Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2013). Successful qualitative research: A practical guide for beginners. London: Sage Publications.

Cutrone, P. (2009). Overcoming Japanese EFL learners’ fear of speaking. In L. J. O’Brien & D. S. Giannoni (Eds.), Language studies working papers (Vol. 1, pp. 55-63). Berkshire: University of Reading.

Dewaele, J. (2013). The link between foreign language classroom anxiety and psychoticism, extraversion, and neuroticism among adult bi- and multilingual. Modern Language Journal, 97(3), 670-684. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-4781.2013.12036.x.

Fallah, N. (2017). Mindfulness, coping self-efficacy and foreign language anxiety: a mediation analysis. Educational Psychology, 37(6), 745-756.

Horwitz, E., & Young, D. J. (1991). Language anxiety. Englewood Cliffs.

Horwitz, E. K. (1986). Preliminary evidence for the reliability and validity of a foreign language anxiety scale. TESOL Quarterly, 20, 559-562.

Horwitz, E. K. (2016). Factor structure of foreign language classroom anxiety scale. Psychological Reports, 119(1), 71-76.

Horwitz, M. B., Horwitz, E. K., & Cope, J. (1986). Foreign language classroom anxiety. Modern Language Journal, 70(2), 125-132.

Jennifer M., Sarah H., & Nina E. (2015). Foreign language and organizational change: How do leaders approach trauma-informed organizational change. Twice? Families In Society, 96(3), 156-163.

Mostafa, S. Gh., Claudine, S., & Carmen, R. (2015). The emerging role of Foreign Language. The Journal of Developing Areas. , 49(6), 459-467.

Natia, S., & Pontso, M. (2017). Do we see through their eyes? Testing a bilingual questionnaire in education research using cognitive interviews, International Journal of Research & Method in Education, 40(5), 524-530.

Park, G. P. (2014). Factor analysis of the foreign language classroom anxiety scale in Korean learners of English as a foreign language: Psychological reports. Relationships and Communications, 115(1), 261-275. https://doi.org/10.2466/28.11.PR0.115c10z2.

Schwarzer, R. (1994). Optimism, vulnerability, and self-beliefs as health-related cognitions: A systematic overview. Psychology and Health, 9,161-180.

Sparks, R. L., & Ganschow, L. (2007). Is the foreign language classroom anxiety scale measuring anxiety or language skills? Foreign Language Annals, 40(2), 260-287. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1944-9720.2007.tb03201.x.

Spielberger, C. D. (1972). Anxiety as an emotional state. In C. D. Spielberger (Ed.), Anxiety: Current trends in theory and research (Vol. 1, pp. 23-49). New York: Academic Press. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-657401-2.50009-5

Tafvelin, S., Hyvonen, U., & Westerberg, K. (2014). Foreign language in the social work context: The importance of leadership continuity and co-worker support. British Journal of Social Work, 44(4), 886-904. DOI: 10.1093/bjsw/bcs174. 

Trang, T. T. T., Moni, K., & Baldauf Jr, R. B. (2013). Foreign language anxiety: understanding its sources and effects from insiders' perspectives. Journal of Asia TEFL, 10(1).

Yashima, T. (2002). Willingness to communicate in a second language: The Japanese EFL context. Modern Language Journal, 86(1), 54-66. https://doi.org/10.1111/1540-4781.00136

Yashima, T., Kimberly, A. N., Shizuka, T., Takeuchi, O., Yamane, S., & Yoshizawa, K. (2009). The interplay of classroom anxiety, intrinsic motivation, gender in the Japanese EFL context. Foreign Language Education Study, 17, 41-64.