• List of Articles fatty acid

      • Open Access Article

        1 - Laying hens’ diet modification with flaxseed and fish oils to enrich egg yolks with omega-3 fatty acids and vitamin D3
        Reza Kazempoor Arman Ghorbanzadeh Mohsen Mokhtarian Saeed Rasoulinezhad
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      • Open Access Article

        2 - Association Between Dietary Atherogenic Index and Risk of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Case-Control Study in Tehranian Women
        Parisa Navidgouei Behnood Abbasi Sedigheh Hosseini
        10.30495/fh.2023.76378.1150
        Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a heterogeneous endocrine disorder characterized by impaired glucose metabolism and insulin resistance. Dietary fatty acids may play a role in the progression of PCOS and related metabolic abnormalities. We conducted a case-control st More
        Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a heterogeneous endocrine disorder characterized by impaired glucose metabolism and insulin resistance. Dietary fatty acids may play a role in the progression of PCOS and related metabolic abnormalities. We conducted a case-control study to examine the association between dietary atherogenic index (AI) and PCOS risk. The study included 203 women with PCOS and 291 healthy controls from Taleghenai Hospital in Tehran, Iran. Demographic, anthropometric, and dietary data were collected using a validated food frequency questionnaire. AI was calculated based on dietary fatty acid intake. Participants’ mean ages were 28.98±5.43 and 30.15±6.21 years for cases and controls, respectively. No significant differences in intakes of total fat, cholesterol, saturated, trans, monounsaturated fatty acids, linoleic, or linolenic acids were observed across AI quartiles (p>0.05). However, polyunsaturated fatty acid intake decreased significantly with increasing AI quartiles (p=0.034). In addition, this case-control study found no relationship between the dietary atherogenic index and the risk of PCOS among Iranian women. Further research is needed to validate these findings and elucidate the role of dietary fatty acids in PCOS pathogenesis. Manuscript profile
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        3 - Association of fast food intake and high-grade brain tumors: Primary evidence among a subset of Iranian patients
        Fatemeh Karami Marjan Ghodsi Mohammad Shahmohammadi
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        4 - Evaluation of Oil Content and Fatty Acid Composition in Seeds of Different Genotypes of Safflower
        M. Vosoughkia L. Hossainchi Ghareaghag M. Ghavami M. Gharachorloo B. Delkhosh
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        5 - Study of survival and growth performance of Kutum (Rutilus frisii kutum) fed by oil emulsion-enriched Daphnia magna
        neda fathi
        This study was conducted to investigate the effects of daphnia (Daphnia magna) enriched with essential fatty acids on growth and survival larval kutum (Rutilus frisii kutum) of the Caspian Sea over two weeks. The Kutum fish fries had initial weight of 52.62 mg which wer More
        This study was conducted to investigate the effects of daphnia (Daphnia magna) enriched with essential fatty acids on growth and survival larval kutum (Rutilus frisii kutum) of the Caspian Sea over two weeks. The Kutum fish fries had initial weight of 52.62 mg which were in triplicate with daphnia enriched with essential fatty acids, non-enriched daphnia and hand-fed biomar diet. The results indicated significant difference in growth performance between three treatments (p<0.05). The maximum specific growth rate (8.5±00 % d-1), weight gain (120.48±2.1 g) and final total length (31.3±0.1 cm) were observed in the daphnia treatment enriched by essential fatty acid. However, there was no significant difference in survival rate between treatments (p>0.05). This study showed that enrichment of daphnia with essential fatty acid enhances growth performance. Manuscript profile
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        6 - The Effect of Different Auxiliary Collector in Flotation of Phosphate Ore
        Melina Seyed Momen Makan Etefagh Amir Hassanjani Roshan Hassan Koohestani
        10.30495/jptc.2021.20868
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        7 - Determination of the significance of beta-hydroxy butyrate, non esterified fatty acids and some other serum biochemical parameters as predictors of left displacement of abomasum in cattle
        نوید Basiri SH Safi ایرج Norouzian عباس Rahimi Foroushani
        Left displacement of abomasum (LDA) is one of the major metabolic diseases in dairy cattlewhich cause a large economic loss in dairy industry. Thus, predicting the occurrence of LDA,especially in early weeks post parturition is very important. In the present study, 14 b More
        Left displacement of abomasum (LDA) is one of the major metabolic diseases in dairy cattlewhich cause a large economic loss in dairy industry. Thus, predicting the occurrence of LDA,especially in early weeks post parturition is very important. In the present study, 14 biochemicalparameters of cows with LDA before and after parturition were compared to those of healthycows (control group) using logistic regression statistical model. Changes in six parameters,including beta-hydroxy butyrate (BHB), non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), aspartateaminotransferase (AST), calcium, sodium and potassium were significant (p<0.05) between thegroups and were included in the prediction model. Manuscript profile
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        8 - The Effect of Butter Making Procedure on the Nutritional Characteristics and Cardiovascular Risk Factors
        L. Roufehgari Nejad M.R. Ehsani M. Mizani M. Tabibi Azar
          Introduction: In the Northwest part of Iran, a traditional product with high popularity among consumers is produced and is named “Nehre Butter”. This study is concerned to evaluate and compare the nutritional characteristics of this product with the i More
          Introduction: In the Northwest part of Iran, a traditional product with high popularity among consumers is produced and is named “Nehre Butter”. This study is concerned to evaluate and compare the nutritional characteristics of this product with the industrial products, with a particular emphasis on the risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Materials and Methods: Industrial and traditional butter samples were prepared and fatty acid profile and cholesterol content were measured using gas chromatography and atherogenic and thrombogenic indexes were calculated. In order to investigate the effect of feeding prepared butters, 40 Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups of ten, including one control group and three groups were treated with fermented cream butter, non-fermented cream butter and traditional butter respectively. The end of the sixty days treatment period, serum cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL-C and HDL-C were measured using colorimetric methods. Results: The most favourable thrombogenic and atherogenic indexes, hypercholesterolemic/ hypocholesterolemic ratio and cholesterol content were found in the traditional butter. The traditional butter also showed a high percentage of conjugated linoleic acid. In the case of the biological model survey, serum lipids were higher in the traditional butter fed rats as compared to the control, but lower than cream butter fed groups. Conclusion: This study showed that the traditional butter due to its mild effects on health in comparison with the industrial ones is recommended, although moderate consumption is advised.  Manuscript profile
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        9 - Chemical Evaluation of Oil Extracted from Chia Seed (Salvia hispanica L.)
        Y. Imani Motlagh M. Gharachorloo
        Introduction: Oils and fats play important roles in human nutrition. Due to its special and important compounds, chia oil might be employed in food and pharmaceutical industries. The aim of this investigation was to evaluate the chemical properties of the oil extracted More
        Introduction: Oils and fats play important roles in human nutrition. Due to its special and important compounds, chia oil might be employed in food and pharmaceutical industries. The aim of this investigation was to evaluate the chemical properties of the oil extracted from chia seed. Materials and Methods: Three different varieties of chia seeds were obtained from local market and subjected to cold solvent extraction. The extracted oils were subjected to a series of chemical tests consisting of the determination of fatty acids composition, iodine and saponification values, identification and quantification of fractions present in the nonsaponifiable matter and measurement of phosphorus and phospholipid concentration. Results: The results indicated that the seeds contained approximately 31-34% oil. Linolenic acid was the predominant fatty acid present (66%) followed by linoleic, palmitic, oleic and stearic acids in respective decreasing order. Beta-sitosterol and gama-tochopherol were the predominant sterol and tochopherol present. Conclusion: Chia seed has become increasingly important for human health and nutrition because of its high content of -linolenic acid. Although the oil might be susceptible to oxidative rancidity due to high content to linolenic acid, however it might be employed in food and pharmaceutical industries. Manuscript profile
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        10 - A Comparative Study Concerned with Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC) and Fatty Acid Profile Methods to Detect the Adulteration of Sunflower Seed Oil in Extra Virgin Olive Oil
        A. Pashaei F. Shovakhi M. Fahimdanesh F. Badei A. Rahmani
        Introduction: Extra virgin olive oil represents the popular source of oil in the Mediterriancountries. The price of extra virgin olive oil is increasing rapidly in the world market, due tomany factors namely special organoleptic and health attributes. Therefore this pop More
        Introduction: Extra virgin olive oil represents the popular source of oil in the Mediterriancountries. The price of extra virgin olive oil is increasing rapidly in the world market, due tomany factors namely special organoleptic and health attributes. Therefore this popular oilmight be subjected to adulteration. In this research, the application of Differential ScanningCalorimeter (DSC) and fatty acid profile methods to detect the adulteration of sunflower seedoil in extra virgin olive oil has been studied.Materials and Methods: Refined sunflower seed oil was added to extra virgin olive oil atdifferent portions (5, 10, 15 and 20 percent) and the thermal analysis of the samples wereperformed using DSC and the fatty acid composition of the samples were determined by GCapparatus.Results: The results of the thermal analysis showed that the addition of sunflower seed oilcreated significant changes in cooling and heating thermograms of DSC. The enthalpy, onsetand maximum temperature of major crystallization peak for at least 10% adulteration and theenthalpy and maximum temperature of minor melting peak for 5% adulteration indicatedsignificant differences as compared to the extra virgin olive oil (P<0.05). The results alsoindicated that the major fatty acids in the mixture with at least 5% sunflower seed oil showedsignificant differences as compared to extra virgin olive oil (P<0.05). The quantities ofbehenic and linoleic acids in the mixtures of 15 and 20 % added sunflower seed oil to olive oilindicated higher amounts than those defined as standard values.maximum limit of standardvalue.Conclusion: The DSC method might be evaluated as a valuable method to detect theadulteration of refined sunflower seed oil in extra virgin olive oil however this method has itslimitations regarding the percent of added oil. Manuscript profile
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        11 - Fatty Acid Profile and Chemical Composition of Lobster (Panulirus homarus) Caught from the Persian Gulf
        F. Baghlani M. Raissy L. Roomiani
        Introduction: Unsaturated fatty acids such as DHA (Docosa-hexaenoic acid) and EPA (Eicosa-pentaenoic acid,) might be considered important unsaturated fatty acids with several double bonds and have important role in human health. Research shows strong evidence that the o More
        Introduction: Unsaturated fatty acids such as DHA (Docosa-hexaenoic acid) and EPA (Eicosa-pentaenoic acid,) might be considered important unsaturated fatty acids with several double bonds and have important role in human health. Research shows strong evidence that the omega-3s EPA and DHA can help to lower triglycerides and blood pressure. Panulirus homarus, is the most important lobster in Asian fishery. Materials and Methods: A total of 20 male and female lobsters (Panulirus homarus) were randomly collected from Abadan (Khuzestan Province) in spring 2016. Chemical composition (protein, fat, moisture, ash) and polyunsaturated fatty acids after biometry were determined according to the standard methods of analysis. Results: According to the results, protein and fat contents in lobster meat was 23 and 4%, respectively. Chemical composition of lobsters indicated that protein, fat, moisture and ash contents of male and female lobsters were not significantly different (P> 0.05). Oleic acid was one of the major unsaturated fatty acids and found to be 17.11 and 17.93% in the male and female lobsters, respectively. Palmitic acid was also present in high concentration. The results indicated that palmitic, oleic and docosahexaenoic acids were the predominant fatty acids present. Conclusion: Lobster; Panulirus homarus with more than 23% protein and 4 % fat is a good source of Omega-3, EPA, DHA that has high nutritional value for human consumption. Therefore, its usage is recommended along with other aquatic animals. Manuscript profile
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        12 - Effect of Deep Frying on Fatty Aid Composition and Sterol Content of Grape Seed Oil
        S. Gholam Saghaee Z. Piravi Vanak
        Introduction: Grape seed oil is important to human health due to its very pleasant taste, odor, as well as its high nutritional values. Consumption of the grape seed oil in the diet has been increasing in recent years. Long periods of heating will deteriorate the oil an More
        Introduction: Grape seed oil is important to human health due to its very pleasant taste, odor, as well as its high nutritional values. Consumption of the grape seed oil in the diet has been increasing in recent years. Long periods of heating will deteriorate the oil and fried products due to oxidative and hydrolytic changes and reactions. Therefore, accurate control of the frying processes and changes are quiet essential. Materials and Methods: In this study, the effects of deep frying at 180 °C (24 and 48 hours) on some chemical characteristics of grape seed oil namely sterol profile and fatty acid composition have been studied using chromatography techniques. Results: The results indicated that, the predominant fatty acid was linoleic acid, and by increasing the heating period, more unsaturated fatty acids namely linoleic acid was decreased due to oxidation. The phytosterols study showed that beta-sitosterol was the predominant phytosterol and deep fat frying did not affect its concentration. Conclusion: Due to the high concentration of linoleic acid and beta-sitosterol in grape seed oil, it might be stated that the oil has a high nutritional value, but considering the changes during frying it might not be recommended for frying practices. Manuscript profile
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        13 - Evaluation and Comparison of Chemical Compositions and Fatty Acids of Purslane Leaves from Different Regions of Iran
        M. Afshar B. Ghiasi Tarzi M. Gharachoorloo A.R. Basiri H. Bakhoda
        Introduction: Purslane (Portulaca oleracea) is a warm climate annual plant classified as a weed. Purslane has been described as a power food of the future due to its high nutritive and antioxidant properties. It is listed in the world health organization as one of the m More
        Introduction: Purslane (Portulaca oleracea) is a warm climate annual plant classified as a weed. Purslane has been described as a power food of the future due to its high nutritive and antioxidant properties. It is listed in the world health organization as one of the most used medicinal plants and it has been given the term “Global panacea”. This study is concerned with the evaluation and comparison of the chemical and fatty acids composition of the Purslane leaves from north (province of Gilan) and south (province of Fars) of Iran. Materials and Methods: In this research work purslane leaves were prepared for chemical composition tests consisting of ash, protein, fibre, carbohydrate and oil contents. The fatty acid compositions and profiles were determined by conversion of the fatty acids into their methyl esters and their application on to a GC equipped with a capillary column and Flame Ionisation Detector according to the defined methods of standard. Results: The comparison between north and south samples indicated significant differences in the ash, protein, oil, and carbohydrate contents. Evaluation of the fatty acids compositions showed that α-linolenic acid was the predominant fatty acid present in the purslane leaves oil in both samples. Conclusion: It was concluded that purslane leaves oil due to its high nutritive and antioxidant values might be regarded as a valuable oil for specific applications. Manuscript profile
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        14 - Evaluation of the Effect of Refining Operations on Olive Oil Sterols in Iranian Oil Industry
        M. Azadeh Ranjbar A. Ghavami
        Introduction: Olive oil due to the unique characteristics being monounsaturated, resistant to oxidation, having considerable quantities of phenolic compounds namely α-tocopherol, being liquid at room temperature with excellent taste and aroma might be regarded as More
        Introduction: Olive oil due to the unique characteristics being monounsaturated, resistant to oxidation, having considerable quantities of phenolic compounds namely α-tocopherol, being liquid at room temperature with excellent taste and aroma might be regarded as a healthy oil. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of refining operation on the sterol content of olive oil in Iran's oil industry. Materials and Methods: Samples were prepared before and after refining from three brands of olive oil production industries. Each sample was subjected to determination of iodine, saponification values and isolation of non saponifiable mater. The samples were also subjected to fatty acid and sterol analyses and compositions according to the standard methods defined nationally. Results: The results of this study indicated that small changes in fatty acid composition and values related to fatty acids have occurred. The study also indicated that the sterols have been affected by refining operations and has been lost and collected mainly in the distillate. Conclusion: The results of this study confirms that olive oil refining affects the quantities of sterols and these compounds with others namely tocopherols are collected in the distillate. Therefore distillate collected after deodorization of olive oil might be considered as a valuable fraction to be used in industries. Manuscript profile
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        15 - Comparison of Muscle Fatty Acid Profile and Biochemical Composition in Kutum (Rutilus frisii) from the Caspian Sea in Winter and Spring in the Eastern and Western Mazandaran Province, Iran
        M. Tirneitali M.K. Khalesi S. Kohestan Eskandari
        Introduction: Caspian kutum (Rutilus frisii) is of great importance among consumers. The aim of this study is to investigate the changes in the fatty acid profiles of fish caught in east of Sari and west of Noshahr. Materials and Methods: The studied fish (three fish fr More
        Introduction: Caspian kutum (Rutilus frisii) is of great importance among consumers. The aim of this study is to investigate the changes in the fatty acid profiles of fish caught in east of Sari and west of Noshahr. Materials and Methods: The studied fish (three fish from each gender) were purchased in winter and spring from Sari Shahid Beheshti Cooperative and the Veterans Cooperative of Noshahr (east and west of Mazandaran province, respectively). Biochemical analysis and fatty acid profile were determined by the application of gas chromatography using standard methods. Results: Stearic acid, oleic acid, and DHA were the highest in Sari in winter being the significantly different from other fatty acids (p < 0.05). Total fatty acids in male and female fish from Noshahr and male fish from Sari were significantly lower in spring than in the others, and male and female fish from Nowshahr contained relatively higher total fatty acids in winter. Maximum DHA values were higher than EPA in both sexes, seasons, and regions. The chemical composition of male and female fish did not differ significantly in both seasons and regions (p > 0.05). SFA percentages in both sexes and regions were generally higher in winter than in spring, while PUFA percentages in both sexes and regions were higher in spring than in winter. The percentage of ω-3 fatty acids (41.12%) in winter samples of Noshahr was higher than that (30.91%) in Sari, and it was higher in spring samples of Sari (55.27%) than that of Noshahr (17.29%). The lowest total ratios of ω-3/ω-6 were obtained in Sari (3.12) in male fish in winter and in Noshahr (3.23) in spring. The highest PUFA/SFA ratios were observed in Sari (1.9) and Noshahr (0.74) kutum in spring and winter, respectively. Conclusion: Fish examined in winter contained more fatty acids (especially DHA and EPA) in the muscle and are therefore more important for human consumption. The two regions, two seasons, and two sexes had significant effects on body biochemical composition and fatty acid profile of Caspian Sea kutum. Manuscript profile
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        16 - Evaluation and Comparison of Some Chemical Properties of Sesame Seed and Flaxseed
        SH. Momeni بابک Ghiassi Tarzi
        Introduction: Sesame seed and flaxseed are rich sources of the essential fatty acids and dueto their unique nutritional characteristics valuable research works have been carried out onthese oil seeds. In this study, some of the chemical characteristic of sesame and flax More
        Introduction: Sesame seed and flaxseed are rich sources of the essential fatty acids and dueto their unique nutritional characteristics valuable research works have been carried out onthese oil seeds. In this study, some of the chemical characteristic of sesame and flaxseed areevaluated and compared to each other.Materials and Methods: Sesame and flaxseed were purchased randomly from Grand Bazaarof Tehran. The fat, fiber, protein and ash contents were determined by standard methods ofevaluation. The cold press hexane extracted oil was subjected to series of tests consisting offatty acid composition, Peroxide, acids, totax and anisidine values. The induction period, theoil resistance to oxidation was also measured.Results: This study indicated that the amounts of protein, fiber, ash and acid value in theflaxseed were significantly higher (P<0.01) while the amount of oil content, totox andanisidine values and resistant to oxidation were significantly lower in the flaxseed ascompared to the sesame seed. In respect of peroxide index, there was no difference betweenthe examined samples. The fatty acid analysis showed that linoleic acid (W6) and linolenicacid (W-3), were the predominant fatty acids in sesame seed and flaxseed oils respectively.Conclusion: The results of this study indicated that sesame seed and flaxseed are rich sourcesof essential fatty acids, proteins, fiber, minerals and other nutrients. Thus, the extracted oilsmight be considered valuable oil resources and might be employed in food formulations. Manuscript profile
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        17 - Fatty Acid and Sterol Composition of Oils Extracted from Pistachio, Walnut, Hazelnut and Almond Employing by Cold Press Method
        Z. Piravivanak Sh. Poufalatoon
        Introduction: Oils extracted from nuts by the cold press might be regarded as valuable oils due to their high yield, unique flavors characteristics. Due to the role of nuts in Iranian society regarding its high consumption, this preliminary study concerned with the fatt More
        Introduction: Oils extracted from nuts by the cold press might be regarded as valuable oils due to their high yield, unique flavors characteristics. Due to the role of nuts in Iranian society regarding its high consumption, this preliminary study concerned with the fatty acid and sterol compositions of the oils extracted from the related nuts by cold press have been carried out. Materials and Methods: To define the chemical compositions of nut oils, four nuts consisting of pistachio, walnut, hazelnut and almond were collected from Kerman, Tuyserkan, Qazvin and Azarshahr areas respectively and the oils were extracted at 25°C using the cold press methods. Fatty acid and sterol compositions were determined using a gas chromatography equipped with a capillary column and Flame Ionisation Detector according to the defined methods of standard. Results: The results showed that oleic acid was predominant fatty acid in hazelnut (83.3%), almond (67.6%) and pistachio (63.3%) oils while the linoleic acid had the highest concentration in walnut oil (52.5%). The analysis of the sterol fractions of the nonsaponifiable matters of the extracted oils indicated that the apparent β-sitosterol was the predominant sterol and covered 85-91% of the total sterol fractions in all the oils examined. Conclusion: The results showed that the oils extracted from nuts have desirable quantities of oleic and linoleic acids. The results also indicated the absence of trans acids. Due to the presence of high concentrations of oleic acid in hazelnut, almond and pistachio, these oils have a good stability against oxidation chain reactions. Manuscript profile
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        18 - Physicochemical Evaluation of Purslane Seed Oil
        Neda Ahmadi Kamazani Maryam Amiri
        Introduction: purslane (Portulaca oleracea) is a member of the portulacaceae .Purslane has been described as a power food of the future because of its high nutritive and antioxidant properties. Purslane is listed in the world health organization as one of the most used More
        Introduction: purslane (Portulaca oleracea) is a member of the portulacaceae .Purslane has been described as a power food of the future because of its high nutritive and antioxidant properties. Purslane is listed in the world health organization as one of the most used medicinal plants and it has been given the term “ Global panacea “. This study is concerned with the evaluation of physicochemical characteristics of the oil extracted from purslane seeds.Materials and Methods: In this research work purslane seeds were subjected to oil extraction. The extracted oils were subjected to a series of physical and chemical tests consisting of fatty acid composition, iodine value, colour measurement, saponification value, nonsaponifiable matter contents, acid value, peroxide value, phospholipids contents, metal contents, sterols and tocopherol compositions and contents.Results: The extracted oils accounted for 13.4% of the total weight of the seeds. The fatty acid profile of the isolated oil indicated that linoleic and V– linolenic acids were the predominant fatty acids present. Examination of the isolated nonsaponifiable matter of the oil showed that V- tocopherol and X- sitosterol were the predominant tocopherol and sterol respectively.Conclusion: It was concluded that purslane seeds oil due to its high nutritive and antioxidant values might be regarded as a valuable oil for human consumption. Manuscript profile
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        19 - Investigation the Saturated and Trans Fatty Aid contents of Confectionary Products in Kermanshah City
        N. Mardafkan F. Beigmohammadi Sh. Ahmadi
        Introduction: There is a relationship between the consumption of saturated, trans fatty acidsand coronary heart disease, however there are unresolved matters to be concerned about thecontent of saturated and trans fatty acids in Iranian confectionery sweets.Materials an More
        Introduction: There is a relationship between the consumption of saturated, trans fatty acidsand coronary heart disease, however there are unresolved matters to be concerned about thecontent of saturated and trans fatty acids in Iranian confectionery sweets.Materials and Methods: Four types of confectionary sweets popular and consumedfrequently consisted of dry, semi-dry, wet and frying types were selected and purchased fromthree famous confectionary shops with six replicate orders during six month periods. The oilsamples after extraction were subjected to methylation to prepare methyl ester of the fattyacids. The methyl ester samples were injected to a gas chromatography equipped with BPX70capillary column and Flame Ionisation Detector where the firm identification was made bycomparison with standards.Results: The results showed that the major saturated fatty acid in all the pastries was palmiticacid accounting for 25 to 35 % for different samples. The other major saturated fatty acid wasstearic acid ranging 5 to 10%. The unsaturated fatty acid; elaidic acid (C18:1t) accounted for7 to 13%, expect for Doughnut that was less than 1%. In total the amount of saturated fattyacids and trans fatty acid of the samples was much higher than the minimum standardtherefore total TFA content in Nan Brenji A, B and C brands were13.3, 8.03 and 11.45,respectively. The values of TFA in Danish type were 15.67, 15.25 and 16.78, respectivelyand in Napeloni type was11.82, 15.9 and 11.46, respectively.Conclusion: It is necessary and advisable to replace the edible oils containing high trans fattyacids in the formulation of these sweets with healthier ones containing lower trans content. Manuscript profile
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        20 - An Overview of Kermanshahi Oil as a Functional Food
        B. Mehraban Kh. Safaei M. Chalabi
        10.30495/jfbt.2022.67267.10291
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        21 - Evaluation of the Effect of Argan Kernel Roasting on Physicochemical Properties and Oxidative Stability of Cold-Pressed Argan oil
        N. Moradi M. Gharachorloo P. Ghasemi Afshar
        10.30495/jfbt.2022.67036.10290
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        22 - The Effect of Different Solvent Systems on Some Chemical Properties of Pistachio Nut Oil Contaminated with Aflatoxin
        N. Ahmadi Kamazani S. A. Mortazavi M. Ebrahimi Tajabadi , M. Hasani M. Ghotbi
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        23 - Detection of Chemical Properties of Ghee Containing Various Levels of Palm Oil and Beef Tallow on RSM
        S. H. Erfani M. Ghavami S. Shoeibi H. Rastegar A. Zand Moghaddam
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        24 - Blending of Milkfat with Refined Palm Oil and its Fractions: Impact on Physicochemical Properties and Fatty Acid Profile
        S. Khorsandmanesh M. Gharachorloo M. Bahmaie A. Zand Moghaddam R. Azizinezhad
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        25 - The Effect of Different Concentrations of Activated Carbon with Bleaching Earth During Bleaching Process on Physicochemical Properties of Soybean Oil
        N. Aliyar Zanjani Z. Piravi Vanak
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        26 - Evaluation and Analysis of the Ultrasound-Assisted Extracted Tomato Seed Oil
        N. Ahmadi Kamazani H. Tavakolipour M. Hasani M. Amiri
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        27 - Evaluation of Fatty Acid Composition of Oil Extracted from Nine Varieties of Sunflower Seed
        N. Amini M. Jamali Kermanshahi P. Mahasti
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        28 - Evaluation of Chemical Characteristics of Extra Virgin Olive Oils Extracted from Three Monovarieties of Mari, Arbequina and Koroneiki in Fadak and Gilvan Regions
        M. Homapour M. Ghavami Z. Piravivanak E.S. Hosseini
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        29 - Evaluation of Physicochemical Properties of Nettle Leaf Oil
        S. Kamyab A. Zamani P. Mahasti M. Zojaji
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        30 - The Effect of Hydrogenation on Physical and Chemical Characteristics of Soyabean Oil
        P. Parsania M. Ghavami A. Heydari-Nasab M. Gharachorloo
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        31 - Determination of Diesel Index of biodiesel fuel Produced from Fatty Acid Ethyl Ester Composition by ASTM D-611
        Saleh Mohamadi Bahman Najafi
        Introduction: One of the quality parameters of combustion is Diesel index (DI) that Indicating thedegree and quality of diesel fuel. One of the methods that can be measured this parameter withoutspending too much time is the ASTM D 611 standard.Material and Methods: In More
        Introduction: One of the quality parameters of combustion is Diesel index (DI) that Indicating thedegree and quality of diesel fuel. One of the methods that can be measured this parameter withoutspending too much time is the ASTM D 611 standard.Material and Methods: In this study to produce biodiesel fuel was used ethanol and bytransesterification method from seven kinds of vegetable oils (corn, soybean, rice bran, grape seed,olive, sunflower and rapeseed) method was used. In order to get the diesel index, determination ofaniline point and the API degree is required. Therefor Aniline point was evaluated by ASTM D611-04.Results and Discussion: The results showed that the values of index of diesel fuels produced formfrom Fatty Acid Ethyl Ester Composition are in 38-45 range. While the DI value of diesel fuel is51.56. Also, the results presented that the low values of density of biodiesel fuels is reduced thedegree of API. Manuscript profile
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        32 - The importance of short chain fatty acids synthesized by intestinal microorganisms, as an epigenetic factor, in reducing the incidence of colon cancer
        Shiva Darabi Fatemeh Keshavarzi parviz Ahtari Farahnaz Motamedi Sedeh Behrouz Alirezapour
        Objective: The mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer are still not well understood, but diet is the main factor that has multifaceted effects, including changes in the host's metabolome and transcriptome. Metabolites obtained from diet can directl More
        Objective: The mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer are still not well understood, but diet is the main factor that has multifaceted effects, including changes in the host's metabolome and transcriptome. Metabolites obtained from diet can directly affect the metabolism of the whole body. The purpose ofthis study is to review the effect of intestinal microbiota through the synthesis ofshort chain fatty acids (acetate, butyrate and propionate), and as a result, the induction of cytochrome P4501A1 gene expression in the prevention and treatment of colon cancer.Materials and methods: Using keywords, searching and collecting articles from PubMed and citation databases, I.S. I. (ISI web of Knowledge), SCOPUS, Google Scholar, ProQuest, Oxford and Ovid, as well as the most famous internal databases including the Academic Jihad Database (SID), Iranmedex, Magiran, Irandoc and MedLib were performed.Findings: Undigested food ingredients that enter the large intestine are fermented by intestinal microbiota and fermentative metabolites are produced that perform a wide range of effective functions. Some of these metabolites interact with the intestinal immune system, including short-chain fatty acids, aryl hydrocarbon receptor ligands, and bile acid metabolites that play a role in inducing intestinal immune homeostasis.It seems that the protective effects of short chain fatty acids synthesized by microorganisms, in colon cancer by inhibiting the activity of histone deacetylase and strengthening the aryl hydrocarbon receptor and thus protecting DNA against damage caused by carcinogens, by activating xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes, such as Cytochrome P4501A1, apply.Conclusion: The present study presented a new perspective regarding the importance of intestinal microbiota through the production of short chain fatty acids, especially acetate, butyrate and propionate, as medicinal targets for the prevention and even treatment of colorectal cancer. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        33 - Lipid and volatile composition of Borage (Borago officinalis L.) leaf
        Wissem Aidi Wannes Baya Mhamdi Moufida Saidani Tounsi Brahim Marzouk
        Manuscript profile
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        34 - Chemical constituents, antioxidant and antibacterial activities of the hexane extract of Alchemilla sericata Reichenb
        Ali Shafaghat Akram Panahi Masoud Shafaghatlonbar
        Manuscript profile
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        35 - Antioxidant properties of orange and lemon peels and their efficacy in preventing lipid peroxidation in stored oils
        Abdol Hadi Tajer Aisha Siddiqi Divya Prakash J. Jamuna Prakash Prabhavathi S.N.
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        36 - The Effect Of Using Choline Supplement on Free Fatty Acid and Β-Hydroxybutyrate Level Of Plasma During a Prolonged Exercise Session
        Mahdi Reza Gholizadeh Elham Karami Mohammad Reza Changhizi Masoud Mohammadian
        Inroduction and Objective: This study attempts to evaluate the effect of using Choline supplement on free fatty acids changes and β-hydroxybutyrate of plasma and subsequently on fat metabolism during a prolonged exercise session in elite triathlete men.Materials and Met More
        Inroduction and Objective: This study attempts to evaluate the effect of using Choline supplement on free fatty acids changes and β-hydroxybutyrate of plasma and subsequently on fat metabolism during a prolonged exercise session in elite triathlete men.Materials and Methods: Nine elite triathlete men were chosen for this purpose and in a one blind, cross over design; they fulfilled two 120 min running exercise session on treadmill at intensity of 59-64 % Vo2max.One hour before first exercise, subjects were received placebo and one hour before second exercise they were received choline bitarate supplement.For measuring free fatty acids and β-hydroxybutyrate of plasma, sampling from subject's blood was done before and after each exercise and colorimetric method was used to measure these characteristics.For analyzing data, repeated-measures ANOVA was used in a meaningful level (pResults: The results from comparing two exercises shows that free fatty acid level of plasma at the end of exercise by using choline supplement was meaningfully lower than the analogous amount in exercise by placebo. On the other hand, amount of β-hydroxybutyrate at the end of exercise by using choline supplement was meaningfully more than the analogous amount in exercise by placebo. Findings show that using choline supplement increases free fatty acid uptake from plasma and increases β-hydroxybutyrate level of plasma at the end of exercise.Conclusion:These changes can indicate the increase of fat oxidation in prolonged exercise session Manuscript profile
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        37 - Functional Egg; Enriched with Omega Fatty Acids
        Dariush Khademi Shurmasti Abdollah Alizadeh karsalari Hoda Shokri
        10.30495/qafj.2023.1983324.1068
        The health benefits of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) are generally recognized. Unfortunately, in most countries, the recommended daily intake of these compounds is rarely met. Therefore, the enrichment of commonly occurring foods and the production of f More
        The health benefits of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) are generally recognized. Unfortunately, in most countries, the recommended daily intake of these compounds is rarely met. Therefore, the enrichment of commonly occurring foods and the production of functional foods can increase intake of these fatty acids. From this point of view, eggs are an interesting target due to their superior nutritional value and low cost, because they form an integral part of the diet. Their n-3 PUFA profile can be modified through dietary supplements. For this purpose, the oilseeds such as flaxseed, rapeseed, camelina, plant sources rich in alpha-linolenic acid and fish oil, which is rich in long-chain n-3 PUFA eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) have been used. A more recent trend is feed supplementation with microalgae as a source of EPA and/or DHA. On the other hand, it seems necessary to use effective approaches to increase people's awareness of consuming functional foods. In this paper, recent scientific literature concerning n−3 PUFA enrichment in eggs is reviewed, giving an overview of advantages and disadvantages of the different approaches and the effect of consuming enriched eggs on human health was presented. Manuscript profile
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        38 - Comparison of physicochemical properties and fatty acid profile of salicornia oil with iranica, persica Akhani and persplitana varieties
        Behzad Rahnatzadeh Simin Asadollahi Leila Nateghi
        AbstractRecently, with the growth of public knowledge, people desire to consume oils that in addition to providing energy and flavor, is also beneficial to health. It has been reported that 96% of the oil consumed in Iran is imported, while the potential for growing cro More
        AbstractRecently, with the growth of public knowledge, people desire to consume oils that in addition to providing energy and flavor, is also beneficial to health. It has been reported that 96% of the oil consumed in Iran is imported, while the potential for growing crops similar to salicornia that can grow in saline soils and habitats in Iran is significant. in this study, salicornia plant was used as an oil source in the production of blend oils. In this study ,Physicochemical properties assessment of salicornia plant (fatty acid profile, acidity, refractive index, iodine, density, soap number, percentage of extracted oil, oxidative stability, peroxide) in three varieties of salicornia variety )Persica, Salicornia perplitana and Iranica) were examined. The results showed that the amount of oil extracted efficiency in Salicornia varieties was significantly(p≤ 0.05) , respectively of iranica 001/0± 9/15 % , persplitana  002/0± 700/5% and persica Akhani 002/0± 800/8% and in gas chromatography test 10 types of fatty acid profiles in extraction oils as well as formulated oils were analyzed. Among these, linolenic fatty acids varieties was significantly(p≤ 0.05) ,  in different varieties were iranica 005/0± 946/2% , persplitana 010/0± 230/3and persica Akhani 005/0± 133/42 , respectively. Manuscript profile
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        39 - Effect of Mycorrhizae Species on the Quantitative and Qualitative Charachteristics of Soybean (Glycine max L.) under Different Irrigation Systems
        Nadia Dorostkar Alireza Pirzad
        To evaluate mycorrhizal symbiosis of soybean plants (Glycine max L. cv. Williams) under different irrigation systems, a split plot experiment was conducted based on randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications at Urmia University in 2015. Treatments w More
        To evaluate mycorrhizal symbiosis of soybean plants (Glycine max L. cv. Williams) under different irrigation systems, a split plot experiment was conducted based on randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications at Urmia University in 2015. Treatments were irrigation systems (drip and sprinkler irrigation) assigned to main plots, and mycorrhizal fungi species (non-inoculated as control,Funneliformis mosseae, Rhizophagus intraradices andSimiglomus hoi) to sub-plots. Results indicated that the highest plant height, pod weight, seed yield, 100 seed weight, number of nods per stem, biological yield, harvest index of oil, oil percent and oil yield were obtained by using drip irrigation. The highest LWR (ratio of leaf/aerial parts weight) and SPAD (chlorophyll index) were observed in sprinkler irrigation system. The significant interaction effects were exhibited variable responses of soybean plants to mycorrhizal species under irrigation systems. The highest photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll-a, -b and total chlorophyll) and carotenoids were obtained from AMF-inoculated plants under sprinkler system, regardless of fungal species. The highest leaf phosphorus belonged to inoculated plants (F. mosseae) in sprinkler irrigation system. All fungi species increased leaf protein, similarly. While the leaf potassium did not show significant differences with non-AMF inoculated control plants. Despite highest root colonization with R. intraradices under sprinkler irrigation system, colonization by all three species of fungi under both irrigation systems were higher than non-AMF inoculated soybean plants. In both irrigation systems, the ratio of fatty acids (unsaturated fatty acids which were four times higher than of saturated fatty acids) in AMF-inoculated plants were equal to that of non-mycorrhizal control soybean. Regardless of different responses of soybean plants to mycorrhizal species, biological seed and oil yields, under drip irrigation system were about 23, 53 and 84% higher than that of sprinkler irrigation system. Manuscript profile
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        40 - Effect of Vermicompost Fertilizer Application on Physiological Characteristics of Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) Genotypes in Two Sowing Dates
        Elnaz Samadzadeh ghale joughi Eslam Majidi Hervan Amir Hoseain Shirani Rad Ghorban Noormohammadi
        To investigate the effect of vermicompost fertilizer application on physiological characteristics of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) genotypes in different sowing dates, an experiment was conducted using randomized complete block design arranged in factorial split plot wit More
        To investigate the effect of vermicompost fertilizer application on physiological characteristics of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) genotypes in different sowing dates, an experiment was conducted using randomized complete block design arranged in factorial split plot with three replicates. The factorial combination of two sowing dates 17 and 27 October, considered as optimum and late sowing dates, respectively and two vermicompost rates, 0 and 20 t.ha-1 were allocated to the main plots and six canola genotypes (BAL104, DIE710.08, BAL102, FJL290, FJL330, Okapi) were randomized in sub-plots. The results indicated that seed yield, yield components, seed oil percentage and fatty acid compositions increased in all genotypes by different sowing dates. The highest seed yield (5853 and 5762 kg.ha-1), seed oil percentage (43.98 and 43.85%), oleic acid (65.23 and 64.93%) and linoleic acid (20.51 and 20.37%) were produced at optimum sowing date by FJL290 and BAL102 lines, which represent a high potential of this genotypes under this sowing date. In addition, application of vermicompost increased all traits under study. The result olso indicated that FJL290 and BAL102 lines can produce the highest seed and oil yields in the region, if the seeds were sown at 17 October 17th and application of 20 t.ha-1 of vermicompost. Manuscript profile
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        41 - Changes in Seed Oil Yield and its Components of Black Mustard (Brassica nigra L.) as Affected by Rhizobacteria and Growth Regulators under Cadmium Stress Conditions
        Ali Barghi Abdolghayoum Gholipoori Akbar Ghavidel Mohammad Sedghi
        10.30495/jcep.2020.671173
        Cadmium is one of the soil primary pollutants which is categorized as heavy metals and brassicaceae family are able to accumulate high amounts of heavy metals such as cadmium by producing high amounts of dry matter. In order to evaluate fatty acids variation, seed oil p More
        Cadmium is one of the soil primary pollutants which is categorized as heavy metals and brassicaceae family are able to accumulate high amounts of heavy metals such as cadmium by producing high amounts of dry matter. In order to evaluate fatty acids variation, seed oil percentage, yield and yield components of black mustard as affected by growth promoting rhizobacteria and growth regulators under cadmium stress condition, a factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design was conducted at the Research Green House of Mohaghegh Ardabili University with four replications. Experimental treatments were two cadmium levels (0 and 100 milligrams per kilograms of soil), three rhizobacteria levels (control, Azospirillum and Pseudomonas) and three growth regulator levels (control, salicylic acid and brassinosteroid). Mean comparisons indicated that cadmium treatment decreased pods number per plant, grain number per pod, root dry weight, seed oil percentage, oleic, linoleic, eicosenoic and erucic acid percentages, significantly. Growth promoting rhizobacteria increased all of above mentioned parameters significantly, where as, it decreased palmitic acid content. Plant growth regulating sprays resulted in a significant increment in plant yield, shoot and root dry weight, seed oil percentage and all kinds of unsaturated fatty acids while it reduced stearic acid content and saturated fatty acids. The interaction of cadmium×rhizobacteria indicated that both cadmium levels used, along with rhizobacteria treatment, increased plant yield, thousand seed weight, shoot dry weight, linolenic acid and unsaturated fatty acids, where as decreased stearic and saturated fatty acids, significantly. In general, the effects of cadmium on these traits were different. Interaction of cadmium×growth regulators, spray application of growth regulators, under both cadmium levels, reduced palmitic acid and induced unsaturated fatty acids significantly and cadmium application had an inverse result. Manuscript profile
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        42 - Effect of Winter Planting Date on Qualitative Traits and Yield of Spring Rapeseed (Brassica napus) Cultivars by Using Zinc Spray in Karaj Region
        Majid Valipour dastenaei Amir Hossein Shiranirad Seyed Alireza Valadabadi Saeed Seifzadeh Hamid Reza Zakerin
        10.30495/jcep.2020.671175
        To study the effect of winter planting and zinc spraying on yield and yield components of canola (Brassica napus) cultivars, a factorial split plot experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replications was conducted for two years (2014-2015 and 20 More
        To study the effect of winter planting and zinc spraying on yield and yield components of canola (Brassica napus) cultivars, a factorial split plot experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replications was conducted for two years (2014-2015 and 2015-2016 cropping seasons) at the experimental farm of Seed and Plant Improvement Institute of Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization of Karaj, Iran.. In this experiment, winter plantings with three levels (24th February, 6th, and 16th March) and Zinc factors with two levels, including application of zinc sulfate spray and spray with pure water assigned to main plots and spring cultivars, including RGS003, Zafar, Julius, Jerry, Zabol 10, Hyola 4815 to subplots. The results of combined analyses of data showed that the effect of year, planting date, zinc spray, cultivar and planting date × cultivar interaction effects on qualitative traits (grain glycosinolate content and fatty acid percentages) in different planting dates and cultivars were significant at 1% level of probabilities. According to the results, the highest (66.89%) and lowest (66.02%) oleic acid percentages belonged to zafar and zabol10 cultivars, respectively. Planting dates × cultivar interaction effect on the glucosinolate content indicated that the lowest glucosinolate content produced by Zafar (8.313 mg.g-1) and hyola4815 (8.567 mg.g-1), when they were sown on March 16th. The results of this experiment showed that delayed planting, decreased percentages of palmitic, linoleic and oleic acids of seed oil, while increased percentages of linolenic and erousic acids and glycosinolate contents. Manuscript profile
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        43 - Comparison of the chemical composition and fatty acids profile of wild carp (Cyprinus carpio) in natural and cultivated environments
        sara jorjani
        Abstract[1]The present paper aimed at evaluating nutritional value and fatty acid profile of muscle textures of Caspian Sea wild carp and farmed wild carp. No significant differences were found between chemical composition indices (total lipid, crude protein, moisture a More
        Abstract[1]The present paper aimed at evaluating nutritional value and fatty acid profile of muscle textures of Caspian Sea wild carp and farmed wild carp. No significant differences were found between chemical composition indices (total lipid, crude protein, moisture and ash contents) (P>0.05). Following determination of fatty acid profiles in the Caspian Sea wild carp and farmed wild carp, fatty acid compositions in two groups of fish were found to be significantly different in terms of various fatty acid groups and ratios. In both fish, Palmitic acid (C16:0) and Oleic acid (C18:1 ω-9 cis) were found to be the most abundant saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids, respectively. Saturated fatty acid (SFA), monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) rates were estimated to be 26.71%, 52.57% and 17.68% in farmed wild carp and 22.78%, 40.53% and 25.06% in Caspian Sea wild carp, respectively. Oleic acid was significantly higher in farmed wild carp than the Caspian Sea one (P≤0.05). Linoleic acid (C18:2 ω-6) and decosahexaenoic acid (DHA, C22:6 ω-3) were the most abundant PUFA in farmed wild carp and Caspian Sea wild carps, respectively. ω-3 fatty acids were measured to be 15.79 and 6.16 gr/100 gr lipid in wild and farmed carps, respectively. ω-3 fatty acids content in Caspian sea wild carp was significantly higher than that of farmed wild carp (P≤0.05). ω-3/ω-6 ratio 1.69 and 0.76 in Caspian sea wild carps and farmed carps, respectively, that in both group exceeded the eligible rates proposed by nutritionists. PUFA/SFA ratios were 1.10 and 0.66 in Caspian sea wild carp and framed one, respectively; the rates exceeded the eligible rate (0.45) recommended by HMSO. Considering exceeding PUFA/SFA and ω-3/ω-6 ratios in both Caspian Sea wild carp and farmed wild carps, both fish were considered invaluable fisheries and nutritional resources. It is noteworthy that Caspian Sea wild carp is more nutritious than farmed counterparts thank to its higher rates of PUFA, ω-3, EPA+DHA, ω-3/ω-6 and PUFA/SFA.    Manuscript profile
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        44 - Identification and quantification of fatty acids in edible and confectionary oils in Tabriz by gas chromatography
        JALIL KHANDAGHI Farnoosh Saadlouy
        Triglycerides are the most abundant form of fats in human bodies and plants. They are also the most important type of fats that are present in the diet. Physicochemical properties of the fats are dependent on the kinds and amount of fatty acids present in their structur More
        Triglycerides are the most abundant form of fats in human bodies and plants. They are also the most important type of fats that are present in the diet. Physicochemical properties of the fats are dependent on the kinds and amount of fatty acids present in their structure. Therefore, to evaluate their quality, these two factors i.e. kind and amount of fatty acids have to be investigated. So in the present study, the fatty acids profile of some edible oils and confectionary oils (Minarines) were quantitatively and quantitatively investigated. In this study myristic acid (C14), palmitic acid (C16), stearic acid (C18), oleic acid (C18:1cis), elaidic acid (C18:1T), linoleic acid (C18:2) and linolenic acid (C18:3) were extracted simultaneously from 60 samples of edible oil and 10 samples of minarine oil, using liquid-liquid extraction followed by GC-FID procedure. The obtained results showed that 16 samples of the tested oil (22.8%) contained trans-fatty acids higher than 2% (w/w), of which 6 samples were hydrogenated oils and 10 samples were confectionary oils. Also, the sum of saturated fatty acids in 14 samples (20%) was over 30% of which 4 samples were frying oils and 10 samples were confectionary oils. Altogether, based on the regulations of the Institute of Standards and Industrial Research of Iran, 27 samples (38.5%) were identified as not usable. Manuscript profile
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        45 - Effect of dietary Lactobacillus fermentum and lactulose on fatty acid profile and heavy metal residues in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
        S. Madreseh H.R. Ghaisari S. Hosseinzadeh
        10.30495/jfh.2020.671509
        Recently, demands upon the consumption of various seafood are increasing in a human diet. Heavy metals naturally occur in the environment and contamination of foodstuffs are causing great concerns. This study was aimed to investigate the effects of encapsulated and lyop More
        Recently, demands upon the consumption of various seafood are increasing in a human diet. Heavy metals naturally occur in the environment and contamination of foodstuffs are causing great concerns. This study was aimed to investigate the effects of encapsulated and lyophilized Lactobacillus fermentum as probiotic and lactulose on heavy metal residues and fatty acid profile in rainbow trout. Thus, fishes were randomly allocated into three replicates of six different treatments. The experimental groups received basal diet (control group), basal diet plus lactulose, basal diet plus lyophilized L. fermentum and lactulose, basal diet plus encapsulated L. fermentum and lactulose, basal diet plus lyophilized L. fermentum, basal diet plus encapsulated L. fermentum. All the groups were fed three times daily for a period of 56 days. At the end of experiments, samples of the fillet and liver were taken. Our results showed that encapsulated L. fermentum and lactulose as synbiotic, significantly increased n-6 fatty acid in muscles and reduced moisture (p < 0.05). This supplementary diet significantly reduced Pb and Cd residues in muscles and Pb, Zn and Cd residues in liver (p < 0.05). Results showed that using encapsulated L. fermentum and lactulose in the diet improve the overall quality of fish. Manuscript profile
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        46 - Fatty acid profile and heavy metal (copper, chromium and cobalt) content in animal oils in Ilam province
        S. Gholami Gilani A. Taheri Gh. Gholami Gilani M. Shahmari
        10.30495/jfh.2020.1879716.1234
        In determining the quality of oils, heavy metal content, physical-chemical indices, and fatty acid profile, especially trans fatty acids are important factors. In this study, animal oil samples of different regions of Ilam province studied. After digestion and extractio More
        In determining the quality of oils, heavy metal content, physical-chemical indices, and fatty acid profile, especially trans fatty acids are important factors. In this study, animal oil samples of different regions of Ilam province studied. After digestion and extraction by microwave-assisted acid digestion, the heavy metals content of the samples measured by an improved flame atomic absorption spectroscopy method. Moreover, after extraction and derivatization of the oils, the fatty acid profile was analyzed by gas chromatography. To facilitate the conclusion of the data obtained, samples of different regions of the province are divided into three parts: northern, southern, and central cities. According to the results, copper, cobalt, and chromium levels were reported in the range of 0.04-4.47, 0.02-2.33, and 0.02-3.54 mg/kg, respectively, which were below the maximum permissible levels. It was revealed that using the modified gas chromatography method, it is possible to separate and measure 27 fatty acids simultaneously. Besides, an acceptable degree of extraction of oleic and linoleic acid is extracted to calculate the cis and trans isomers, which was achieved. Manuscript profile
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        47 - Proximate composition and protein electrophoresis pattern of muscle from black mouth croaker (Atrobucca nibe) in the Oman Sea
        S.P Hosseini-Shekarabi S.E Hosseini مهدی Soltani ابولقاسم Kamali تورج Valinassab
           Black mouth croaker is considered as a new and valuable resource in the deepwater of the Oman Sea. This study describes the chemical proximate composition, the fatty acid profiles of the fish oil using gas chromatography and phosphorus element (colorimetric More
           Black mouth croaker is considered as a new and valuable resource in the deepwater of the Oman Sea. This study describes the chemical proximate composition, the fatty acid profiles of the fish oil using gas chromatography and phosphorus element (colorimetric method) of the fish muscle. Moreover, the pattern of protein using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) was carried out. Proximate composition of the fillet was calculated in wet weight as follow: 79.32±0.299% moisture, 18.19±0.145% protein, 1.01±0.032% fat and 1.434±0.047% ash. The concentration of total saturated fatty acids (SFA), monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) were measured 39.54±0.272%, 37.66±0.161% and 23.56±0.369%, respectively. Among PUFA, concentration of DHA (9.43±0.345%) was obtained more than EPA (1.16±0.051%) (p<0.05). Phosphorus content was 260.73±0.134 mg/100 wet weight. Based on SDS-PAGE, the 11 protein bands in the range of 10 to 200 kDa were detected. Myosin heavy chain (MHC) showed the most dense band. According to high nutritional value and lean-flesh of black mouth croaker, this species may be appropriate for the production of frozen fillet and surimi. Manuscript profile
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        48 - Effect of chitosan enriched with lycopene coating on fatty acid profile and fat oxidation parameters of rainbow trout fillet during refrigerated storage(orginal reserch article)
        Seyede Samane Naghibi Ali Ehsani Hossein Tajik Alireza Talebi Nowruz Delirezh
        Fish are the major dietary source of the polyunsaturated fatty acid for humans. Therefore, protection of fish against all types of oxidative corruption seems to be necessary. Lycopene is the source of natural antioxidant. The present study was conducted to evaluate anti More
        Fish are the major dietary source of the polyunsaturated fatty acid for humans. Therefore, protection of fish against all types of oxidative corruption seems to be necessary. Lycopene is the source of natural antioxidant. The present study was conducted to evaluate antioxidant properties of lycopene (using the method of DPPH) and the combined effect of its various doses (1.5 and 3%) and chitosan on fat oxidation parameters and fatty acids composition of Rainbow trout fillet. The analysis was performed after 0, 8 and 16 days of storage of the samples at 4°C to determine peroxide value (PV) and free fatty acid content (FFA). In addition, fatty acid compositions was determined by Gas chromatography assay. In control treatment, the fatty acid composition of Rainbow trout fillet was consisted of %20.6±0.03 saturated fatty acids (SFA), %43.81±0.04 monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) and %32.83±0.03 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in 0 day. Statistical analysis showed that there were fewer changes in PV, FFA and proportion of fatty acids between chitosan and lycopene-chitosan treatment in regard to control sample during 16 days of refrigeration storage. Chitosan coated samples enriched with lycopene exhibited less rapidly lipid damages than all the other samples (p<0.05). In conclusion, the study indicated that lycopene has a good antioxidant activity that caused in favorable changes in the profile of fatty acids. Therefore, it can be used as a preservative in fish. Manuscript profile
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        49 - Effect of gutting on sensory, microbial and chemical characteristics, and fatty acid profile of Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) during storage at -18 º C
        فرشته Shokri مسعود Hedayatifard زینب Raftani-Amiri
           The aim of this study was to assess the effect of gutting on sensory, microbial and chemical characteristics, and fatty acid profile of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) during storage at -18 º C. To this end, 42 rainbow trout were prepared and divid More
           The aim of this study was to assess the effect of gutting on sensory, microbial and chemical characteristics, and fatty acid profile of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) during storage at -18 º C. To this end, 42 rainbow trout were prepared and divided into two groups. First group selected as whole fish and the other group were gutted, washed and were placed in selofan-pack and then were frozen at -18 °C. Afterwards, the quality characteristics (TVB-N, TBA, and PV), nutrient compounds (protein, fat, moisture and ash), fatty acid profiles, microbial community (total count and psychrophilic bacteria) and sensory indices were evaluated during 3 months of frozen storage. The results showed a different between two groups in moisture contents, PV, TBA and TVB-N parameters during storage (P< 0.05). Evaluation of fatty acid profile revealed 15 fatty acids. In both groups, the MUFA, SFA and PUFA were the most abundant fatty acids, respectively. During the storage period, the composition of fatty acids was found to be different between the two groups. Although microbial examinations showed no significant difference in the population of psychrophilic bacteria among the two groups, the load of total bacteria was found significantly (P< 0.05) different. Sensory evaluations revealed significant (P< 0.05) difference among all indices between the gutted and whole fishes. In addition, the texture and appearance changes were remarkable in gutted fish, meanwhile the odor and branch appearance were adequately preserved. Manuscript profile
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        50 - Soybean and canola oils induced changes in fatty acids’ profile of chicken Lyoner during storage
        معصومه Moslemy رامین Khaksar هدایت Hosseini اقدس Taslimi روح اله Ferdosi
           Chicken sausage is among popular meat products which in turn, has a share in daily diets.Accordingly, study on meat products and the variation of their characteristics during processing and storage conditions are of the uppermost importance. In this study, More
           Chicken sausage is among popular meat products which in turn, has a share in daily diets.Accordingly, study on meat products and the variation of their characteristics during processing and storage conditions are of the uppermost importance. In this study, chicken sausages containing 90% chicken meat were manufactured under similar conditions except for the added oil type. That is to say, the two batches of chicken sausages were manufactured by the addition of canola and soybean oils in their formula. The samples were stored at 4 to 5 °C for 45 days. With 15-day interval, the samples were analyzed for the fatty acid profile (palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoleic and linolenic acids), microbial (total psychrotrophic bacteria and lactobacillus) and chemical [moisture content, pH, peroxide and thiobarbituric acid (TBA) values as well as free fatty acid (FFA)] properties. Except for the peroxide value, all parameters showed statistically significant (p<0.05) variations throughout the storage period. Moreover, the PUFA/SFA was in the recommended range in all samples excluding the sample containing soybean oil on day 15. The results concluded that the samples formulated with canola oil undergo less variation during storage period. Manuscript profile
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        51 - Evaluation of the effect of adding different levels of n-3 fatty acids to the Bioxcell® extender on freezing ability of goat semen
        مهدی Ansari آرمین Towhidi محمد Moradi Shahrbabak
        The objective of this study was to investigate adding different levels of a n-3 fatty acid source to the Bioxcell® extender on freezing ability of goat semen. Six mature Mahabadi bucks were selected and semen was collected using an artificial vagina. Semen samples w More
        The objective of this study was to investigate adding different levels of a n-3 fatty acid source to the Bioxcell® extender on freezing ability of goat semen. Six mature Mahabadi bucks were selected and semen was collected using an artificial vagina. Semen samples were pooled together and divided into four equal groups, after evaluating for qualitative characteristics. Treatment groups were supplemented by 0, 0.1, 1 and10 ng/ml levels of n-3 fatty acid, respectively. The rates of motility, progressive motility, viability and sperm abnormality were evaluated and recovery rate was calculated. Data were analyzed using proc GLM of SAS. Percentage of motility and recovery rate were significantly higher in 10 ng/ml group than the other groups.  Percentage of progressive motility was significantly higher in 10 and 0.1ng/ml than the other groups. Percentage of viability was significantly lower in 1ng/ml group than the other groups. Percentage of abnormality was not significant between the levels of n-3 fatty acid. The results indicated that adding of 10 ng/ml n-3 fatty acids to extender could improve freezing ability of goat semen. Manuscript profile
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        52 - Effects of food restriction on serum concentration of glucose, triacylglycerol, beta-hydroxy butyrate, non-esterified fatty acids and urea in pregnant ewes
        علی Rezapour مهدی Taghinezhad GH.R Assadnasab
        Food restriction is a potential unwanted risk for a developing fetus in pregnant ewe. The objective of this study was to study the effects of food restriction on serum concentration of glucose, triacylglycerol, non-esterified fatty acids, beta-hydroxybutyrate and urea i More
        Food restriction is a potential unwanted risk for a developing fetus in pregnant ewe. The objective of this study was to study the effects of food restriction on serum concentration of glucose, triacylglycerol, non-esterified fatty acids, beta-hydroxybutyrate and urea in the last 8 weeks of pregnancy in Ghezel sheep (Azerbaijan native). We used Split-plot in time design and the overall sample was 14 Ghezel ewes. After a primary preparation period and using flashing diet, oesterus cycle was synchronized in an out of breeding season with sheep CIDR. Pregnancy induction was carried out through natural mating. Primary sampling (P0) was done 4 weeks after mating and then the ewes were divided and assigned to two groups: Control (T2) and food restriction group (T1). In different stages of pregnancy (P1 – P3) sampling was performed and the above mentioned parameters were measured. We used 16.5-27.5% food restriction. Our results surprisingly showed that food restriction had no statistically significant effect on serum glucose and triacylglycerol concentration, but it had a statistically significant effect on serum beta-hydroxy butyrate, non-esterified fatty acids and urea concentration (p<0.05). Food restriction resulted in mild to moderate ketosis in some individual animals. We conclude that food-restricted pregnant ewes following initial flashing diet at the beginning of pregnancy could maintain their glucose homeostasis and end her pregnancy period by using fat reserves and gluconeogenesis. Only one ewe aborted during food restriction in the end stage of pregnancy and others tolerated the situation.   Manuscript profile
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        53 - Study on the effect of consumption period of fish oil on serum concentration of cholesterol and triglyceride and antibody response in broiler chicks
        حسین Iravani M.A Karimi Torshizi بابک Khierkhah
        The aim of the present study was to determine the optimal time of fish oil inclusion in broiler feed formulation on antibody response and concentration of serum cholesterol and triglyceride. A 49 day study was conducted on 600 one-day old chicks from a commercial hybrid More
        The aim of the present study was to determine the optimal time of fish oil inclusion in broiler feed formulation on antibody response and concentration of serum cholesterol and triglyceride. A 49 day study was conducted on 600 one-day old chicks from a commercial hybrid (Ross) which were randomly allocated to 6 groups. The control group was fed a diet containing 5 % corn oil and in experimental groups the fish oil was substituted for corn oil from 2,3,4,5 and 6 weeks. Serum concentration of cholesterol and triglyceride were determined on days 37 and 44. Titer of antibody against sheep red blood cells (SRBC) were determined 7 days after immunization on days 30 and 37. Supplementation of diet by fish oil did not affect concentration of serum cholesterol. However, concentration of serum triglyceride decreased significantly (p<0.01). Titer of IgG against SRBC was affected in first injection (p<0.01) and the maximum antibody response was seen in control group and chickens feeding fish oil for 2 weeks, and antibody response decreased with increase of consumption length of fish oil. Titer of IgM in the second injection (p<0.05) were affected by dietary treatments. Chickens which were fed fish oil for 2, 3 and 4 weeks had higher antibody response than other treatments.   Manuscript profile
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        54 - The Reaction of Some Qualitative Changes in the kernel of Different Walnut Genotypes in the Storage Period
        Zahra Davarkhah Mehdi Hosseinifarahi محسن Radi Sedigheh Gholipour
        The walnut has a multipurpose use, so that it is cultivated in pomology for its fruit, in forestry for the use of wood, in pharmaceuticals as a medicinal plant, and in parks as an ornamental plant. In order to investigate some qualitative postharvest characteristics th More
        The walnut has a multipurpose use, so that it is cultivated in pomology for its fruit, in forestry for the use of wood, in pharmaceuticals as a medicinal plant, and in parks as an ornamental plant. In order to investigate some qualitative postharvest characteristics the kernel of 14 superior walnut genotypes (Sisakht 1 and 2, Delirej 1 and 2, Shahniz 1 and 2, Kowkhdan 1 and 2, Setangan 1 and 2, Ganjegun 1 and 2 and Vezeg 1 and 2), an experiment was conducted in Kohgiluyeh and Boyar Ahmad provinces during 2019 to 2020. Qualitative characteristics such as oxidative stability of walnut kernels (peroxide value), percentage of moisture and weight loss of kernels after 6 months of storage and sensory evaluation after 14 months of storage at 25°C were evaluated. The results showed that the peroxides value in walnut kernels increased during storage. After 6 months of storage in the warehouse, the lowest peroxide value was observed in the genotypes of Vezg 1 and Ganjegun 2. The results of the sensory evaluation showed that Ganjegun 2 and Vezg 1 genotypes had the highest and Delirej 1 and 2 genotypes showed the lowest overall acceptance rate after 14 months of storage. Finally, Vezg 1 and Ganjegun 2 genotypes are recommended for consumption and also in breeding programs due to their better quality and durability after harvesting. Manuscript profile
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        55 - The comparison of oil biochemical compositions of three olive cultivars (Olea europaea L.) in different regions of Golestan province
        Esmaeil Seifi Arezoo Jalali Somayyeh Ebraheimnia Hossein Fereidooni
        Olive has a suitable oil, which shows excellent nutritional values. Due to our country's huge need to edible oil and the high quality of olive oil, developing the area under cultivation of olive is an important aim of Iran's agricultural programs. In this study, three c More
        Olive has a suitable oil, which shows excellent nutritional values. Due to our country's huge need to edible oil and the high quality of olive oil, developing the area under cultivation of olive is an important aim of Iran's agricultural programs. In this study, three cultivars including Mission, Koroneiki and Zard from three regions in Golestan province (Varsan, Ganareh and Minoodasht) were studied in terms of quantity and quality of the oil. Results showed that there were some significant differences among various regions and cultivars. Mission in Varsan and Koroneiki in Minoodasht had the highest and lowest fruit weight, respectively. Cultivars Mission and Zard in Ganareh and Mission in Varsan had the highest percentage of dry matter in fruits. The highest percentages of oil in dry and fresh weights were observed in cultivars Koroneiki and Zard in Ganareh, respectively, though they were not significantly different from the other treatments. In term of oil physicochemical traits, cultivar Mission in Ganareh showed the lowest free fatty acids. Cultivar Koroneiki Minoodasht had the lowest K232 value; while, it had the highest amount of total chlorophyll and carotenoid. The oil produced in Varsan region had the lowest and highest amount of peroxide and K270 value, respectively. In general, the results showed that cultivar Koroneiki is suitable to produce in all three regions of Varsan, Ganareh and Minoodasht. Manuscript profile
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        56 - Evaluation of some physicochemical traits in selected oil and table olive (Olea europaea) genotypes compatible with climatic conditions of Gorgan
        Somayyeh Ebraheimnia Esmaeil Seife Khodayar Hemmati Hossein Fereidooni
        Because of the importance of identifying the native genotypes and selecting the appropriate cultivars for successful development of olive tree cultivation, the present study was conducted to evaluate the selected oil and table genotypes compatible with climatic conditio More
        Because of the importance of identifying the native genotypes and selecting the appropriate cultivars for successful development of olive tree cultivation, the present study was conducted to evaluate the selected oil and table genotypes compatible with climatic conditions of Gorgan. The experiment was done in a completely randomized design with three replications on 24 genotypes in Hashemabad complex in Golestan province. The maturity index of fruit was measured according to a method suggested by International Olive Oil Council and the percentage of oil was determined using a soxhlet method. Six genotypes with higher percentage of oil were selected and the physicochemical properties of the oil and the percentage of fatty acids were determined. Results showed that the highest and lowest fruit weights were observed in genotypes I7 and E6, respectively. The highest percentage of fruit flesh was observed in I7. E11 and D5 had the highest percentages of oil in dry and fresh matter. The lowest acidity was observed in B7 and the lowest peroxide was seen in E11. Genotypes F1 and E11 had the highest oil phenolic compounds. A10 showed the highest amounts of chlorophylls and carotenoids. F9 had the lowest indexes of K232 and K270 and following that A10 had the lowest index of K270. The highest percentage of oleic acid and the lowest percentage of linoleic acid were observed in A10. Genotype B7 had the lowest percentage of palmitic acid. Due to fruit weight, percentage of flesh and fruit sphericity, eight table genotypes were selected for further study. Among the selected table genotypes, genotype I7 had the highest levels of flavonoids, phenolic compounds, antioxidants, and anthocyanin. According to the results, the best oil genotypes were A10 and E11, the best table genotype was I7 and the best dual-purpose genotypes were F10 and B7. Manuscript profile
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        57 - Effect of drought stress and spraying of gibberellic acid and salicylic acid on the quantitative and qualitative yield of canola (Brassica napus)
        naser ezati Abbas Maleki Amin Fathi
        An experiment was conducted as split-split plot based on randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications during cultivation season 2017-2018 in Darreh-Shahr, Ilam Province. The experimental factors were four levels of irrigation as main plots including n More
        An experiment was conducted as split-split plot based on randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications during cultivation season 2017-2018 in Darreh-Shahr, Ilam Province. The experimental factors were four levels of irrigation as main plots including normal irrigation, cut of irrigation at stem elongation stage, cut of irrigation at the beginning stage of flowering, and cut of Irrigation at the beginning of the pod. Sub-factors included two levels of spraying and non-spraying of gibberellin hormone (100ppm) and salicylic acid (150 ppm), respectively. The comparison of mean effects of gibberellin showed that application of gibberellin resulted in highest saturated fatty acid while the plants receiving no gibberellin contained the lowest saturated fatty acid. The later drought stress occurred, the more significant was reduction in the oil percentage. The effect of drought stress on saturated fatty acid was significant but it had no significant impact on the unsaturated fatty acid. Both applications of gibberellin and salicylic acid increased the oil percentage and saturated fatty acid content. Results showed that normal irrigation with both uses of gibberellin hormone and salicylic acid produced the highest biological yield and the lowest dry matter was obtained in irrigation cutting at the beginning of podding stage without any spraying . The combined application of these two hormones increased seed oil content significantly. Finally, the findings indicated that the spraying of gibberellin and salicylic acid under drought stress significantly affected the yield in canola and when these hormones are applied at a suitable time they decrease the adverse effects of drought stress and increases oil yield.   Manuscript profile
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        58 - Analysis of physiologic characteristics of green algae for biodiesel production
        Ramazanali Khavarinejad fatemeh malekahmadi neda soltani farzaneh najafi Taher Nejadsattari
        Global warming, due to the excessive use of fossil fuels, rising prices, environmental pollution, and greenhouse gas emission, have made scientists produce a renewable fuel as a replacement for fossil fuels. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of four sp More
        Global warming, due to the excessive use of fossil fuels, rising prices, environmental pollution, and greenhouse gas emission, have made scientists produce a renewable fuel as a replacement for fossil fuels. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of four species of green algae as raw materials for biodiesel production. After purification, samples were kept in BBM and N8 culture medium at 25° C, pH 7, and under constant light. Growth rate, chlorophyll content, carotenoid concentration, and lipid content were measured. The total fatty acid contents and fatty acid profiles were measured with FTIR and GC-Mass, respectively. Findings showed that the highest growth rate and biomass production, and the minimum division time and also the maximum lipid contents belonged to the green algae Scenedesmussp ISC 94. Moreover, palmitic acid (42.74%), stearic acid (29.56%), palmitoleic acid (10.2%), oleic acid (6.72%), linoleic acid (1.72%), and α-linolenic acid (1.64%) were measured in Scenedesmussp ISC 94. The fatty acid composition of the microalgal lipid comprised over %80 of saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids with a double bound. Also, palmitic and oleic acids were the majore fatty acids isolated. Therefore, ecause of high lipid production and the best lipid content, Scenedesmussp ISC 94 is recommended for its potential as a biodiesel feedstock.   Manuscript profile
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        59 - The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of fatty acids and sterols of Eryngium caucasicum Trautv and Caucalis platycarpos L
        sahar mohammadipour Abdollah Hatamzadeh Davood Bakhshi Ardalan Pasdaran
        Inflammation and oxidative related disorders consist the most important public health threating diseases. This study investigates the fatty acid and sterol contents of E. caucasicum and C. platycarpos, which are part of the nutrition culture of the Caspian region. Their More
        Inflammation and oxidative related disorders consist the most important public health threating diseases. This study investigates the fatty acid and sterol contents of E. caucasicum and C. platycarpos, which are part of the nutrition culture of the Caspian region. Their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potentials are also tested with regard to preparing supplemental foods. The fatty acid and sterol contents are quantified by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC MS), and are identified by comparison to standard components. All fractions were tested for free radical scavenging properties with respect to 1, 1-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), phosphomolybdenum, 2, 2’-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline)-6-sulphonic acid radical cation(ABTS), cupric ion reducing activity (CUPRAC), Ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and metal chelating activity on ferrous ions methods. Furthermore, the anti-inflammatory activity of the fatty acid and sterol fractions of E. caucasicum and C. platycarpos were assayed by the human red blood cell (HRBC) membrane stabilization method. The total oil content of these plants was 18.21% and 7.39%, respectively, with E. caucasicum yielding a higher percentage of oil. Stigmastanol (21.35%) and β-sitosterol (12.19%) constituted the predominant sterols in E. caucasicum and C. platycarpos, respectively. Manuscript profile
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        60 - Effect of chitosan and nano-chitosan on agronomic properties and omega-3, 6 and 9 fatty acids in some cultivars of Nigella sativa L. under drought stresscondition
        Atena Alaghmand shahab khaghani Mohamad Reza Bihamta masoud Gomarian Mansour Ghorbanpour
        Abstract Water stress is one of the limiting factors of plant growth. In order to investigate the effect of chitosan and nano-chitosan on Nigella sativa L. under drought stress, a split plot experiment based on randomized complete block design was conducted in research More
        Abstract Water stress is one of the limiting factors of plant growth. In order to investigate the effect of chitosan and nano-chitosan on Nigella sativa L. under drought stress, a split plot experiment based on randomized complete block design was conducted in research Field of Islamic Azad University Arak Branch in 2016. The main plots consisted of spraying with chitosan, nano-chitosan and water as control and the sub plots consisted of cultivars Arak, Azerbaijan, Semirom, Yasuj and Torbat-e-Heydariyeh. Irrigation was performed regularly from the beginning of planting until flowering stage and then stopped and spraying was achieved. After 80% emergence of floret, plots were sampled and number of secondary branches, capsules per plant, plant height, 1000 seed weight and oil percentage were evaluated. Percentages of oil and fatty acids were measured by gas chromatography.Experimental results were showed that drought stress reduced the components of black cumin yield but improved qualitative factors such as oil and fatty acids percentage. The highest and lowest seed oil content was in Azarbaijan (28.76%) and Semirom (26.39%), respectively. Yasuj can be considered as a drought tolerant cultivar due to its high content of capsules, 1000-grain weight and weight/m2. The effect of nano-chitosan in moderating stress-induced effects was better than chitosan. Azerbaijan and Semirom cultivars had the highest amount of oleic acid (Omega 9), Yasuj cultivar had the highest amount of linoleic acid (Omega 6) and Torbat Heydariyeh and Arak cultivars had the highest amount of linoleic acid (Omega 3). Manuscript profile
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        61 - Comparison of physicochemical properties and fatty acid profile of seed oil from Citrus aurantium L. extraction in different extraction methods
        Samad Nejad Ebrahimi masoumeh sadeghinik
        10.30495/ejmp.2022.1948588.1669
        Citrus aurantium L. seed is a by-product of fruit juice industries. In this research, the main fatty acids and phytosterols in C. aurantium seed oil were evaluated with the aim of nutritional evaluation and its biological properties. The C. aurantium oil extracted by tw More
        Citrus aurantium L. seed is a by-product of fruit juice industries. In this research, the main fatty acids and phytosterols in C. aurantium seed oil were evaluated with the aim of nutritional evaluation and its biological properties. The C. aurantium oil extracted by two methods of cold pressing and using hexane solvent.The C. aurantium seed fatty acids composition was analyzed by GC-MS, 1HNMR, and 13CNMR. In addition, the effects of ultrasonic waves and air pressure on the C. aurantium pulp obtained from cold press extraction by n-hexane was studied. The findings showed that the highest oil yields were obtained using ultrasound-assisted extraction (25%) compared to other methods. The five fatty acids including 9-oleic (18.07%), Linoleic (36.69%), palmitic (21.90%), stearic acid (6.6%) and 10-oleic acids (1.1%) were the most phytosterols in C. aurantium seed oil. According to the obtained results, C. aurantium oil can be considered as a new food source. Manuscript profile
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        62 - Effect of different levels of somatic cell count of cow milk and lipase enzyme on free fatty acids composition and sensory properties of White brined cheese
        Hamed Zarei Ali Reza Shahab Lavasani
        Manuscript profile
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        63 - Investigating the growth ability of Lactobacillus plantarum on sesame meal multure medium
        Marjan sadat Mousavi Mohammad Hojjatoleslamy Zeinab Al-Sadat Ebrahimzadeh Mousavi Hossein Kiani Seyed Mohammad Ali Jalali
        10.30495/jfm.2023.1961304.1777
        Sesame oil meal is a protein-rich by-product obtained from sesame seed oil extraction, which is seen as one of the cultivation wastes with high nutritional value and cheap price and is abundantly accessible in the agriculture industry. This product can also be used as a More
        Sesame oil meal is a protein-rich by-product obtained from sesame seed oil extraction, which is seen as one of the cultivation wastes with high nutritional value and cheap price and is abundantly accessible in the agriculture industry. This product can also be used as a cheap substrate for the growth of Beneficial microorganisms including probiotics. This research examines the growth of Lactobacillus Plantarum As a probiotic in the sesame meal culture media under different incubation conditions to achieve the best microbial count of probiotic bacterium of Lactobacillus Plantarum. Sesame meal paste with an initial pH of 6.5 was used as the culture medium, with incubation conditions including aerobic conditions under three temperature rates of 30, 37 and 44°C for 48 hours. The findings revealed that the bacterium could grow in the sesame meal medium, increasing the microbial population to 108cfu/g at the end of fermentation under 30 and 37°C. Also, Lactobacillus Plantarum significantly reduced the pH of all fermented samples under all temperatures (p<0/05), with the pH decreasing by most around 4.85 at 37°C. The findings also suggested that the combination of fatty acids of the sesame meal culture medium changed due to Lactobacillus Plantarum growth. Fatty acids (C15:0), (C15:1), (C16:0), (C16:1), (C18:1t), (C18:1c), (C21:0) and (C24:1) increased significantly (p<0.05), whereas fatty acids (C14:1), (C17:0), (C18:1c), (C18:2c), (C20:0), (C18:3n3), (C20:1), (C22: 0) and (C24: 0) decreased significantly (p<0/05). In the meantime, fermentation helped produce (C17:1) and (C22:1) and consume linoleic acid. In sum, sesame meal can serve as a nutrient and cost-saving medium to grow Lactobacillus Plantarum. Manuscript profile
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        64 - بررسی اسیدهای چرب غیر اشباع در دانه ریحان (Ocimum basilicum L)
        غلام رضا بخشی خانیکی
        مقدمه و هدف: دانه‌های ریحان ( (Ocimum basilicum L.منبعی غنی از اسید‌های چرب غیراشباع بوده و مقدار زیادی موسیلاژ  نیز تولید می‌کنند. این مطالعه به منظور مقایسه میزان و نوع  اسیدهای چرب غیراشباع موجود در ریحان متعلق به ده جمعیت مختلف به مرحله‌ی اجرا درآمد. روش ت More
        مقدمه و هدف: دانه‌های ریحان ( (Ocimum basilicum L.منبعی غنی از اسید‌های چرب غیراشباع بوده و مقدار زیادی موسیلاژ  نیز تولید می‌کنند. این مطالعه به منظور مقایسه میزان و نوع  اسیدهای چرب غیراشباع موجود در ریحان متعلق به ده جمعیت مختلف به مرحله‌ی اجرا درآمد. روش تحقیق: بذرهای جمع‌آوری شده از این گیاه در شرایط گل­خانه در سه تکرار کشت شدند و در نهایت روغن بذرهای جمع آوری شده و بذرهای به دست آمده از گیاهان کشت شده به طور جداگانه استخراج و تبدیل به متیل استر گردیدند، سپس ترکیب­های اسید چرب روغن بذرها توسط کروماتوگرافی گازی تعیین شدند. نتایج و بحث: نتایج نشان داد که بالاترین میزان روغن کل در بین تمام جمعیت‌های محلی و آزمایشگاهی در جمعیت آزمایشگاهی اردبیل (98/28 درصد وزنی) و کمترین میزان آن (25/17 درصد وزنی) در جمعیت محلی آذربایجان غربی 2 مشاهده گردید. هم‌چنین بالاترین میزان اسید پالمتیک (81/34 مول درصد) در جمعیت آزمایشگاهی کرمانشاه و کمترین میزان آن (05/2 مول درصد) در جمعیت آزمایشگاهی کرمان مشاهده شد. از طرفی بالاترین مقدار اسید استئاریک (56/7 مول درصد) در جمعیت آزمایشگاهی اهواز و کمترین آن (42/1 مول درصد) در جمعیت وحشی اردبیل مشاهده شد و بالاترین میزان اسید اولئیک (81/22 مول درصد) در جمعیت آزمایشگاهی قم و کمترین آن (10/11 مول درصد) در جمعیت محلی  آذربایجان غربی 2 مشاهده گردید. بالاترین میزان اسید لینولئیک (60/25 مول در صد) در جمعیت آزمایشگاهی آذربایجان غربی 1 و کمترین آن (55/15 مول درصد) در جمعیت آزمایشگاهی کرمانشاه مشاهده شد. بالاترین میزان اسید لینولنیک (89/53 مول درصد) در جمعیت محلی آذربایجان غربی1 و کمترین آن 08/28 مول درصد در جمعیت آزمایشگاهی کرمانشاه مشاهده شد. به طورکلی چنین به نظر می‌رسد که بذر جمعیت‌های مختلف ریحان دارای مقدار زیادی از اسیدهای چرب غیر اشباع و مقدار کمی از اسید‌های چرب اشباع هستند.توصیه کاربردی/ صنعتی: بذر جمعیت‌های محلی ریحان متعلق به نواحی شمالی‌تر ایران با آب و هوای معتدل دارای مقادیر بیشتری اسیدهای چرب غیراشباع بلند زنجیر مانند اسید اولئیک و اسید لینولئیک می­باشد که این اسیدهای چرب دارای کاربرد‌های دارویی، صنعتی، بهداشتی و آرایشی فراوانی هستند. بنابراین انتخاب جمعیت‌های محلی شمال کشور با هدف تولید اسید چرب غیراشباع توصیه می‌شود. Manuscript profile
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        65 - خصوصیات فیزیکو شیمیایی و رفتار حرارتی روغن استخراج شده از دانه دو گونه گزنه کشت شده در ایران
        مریم جعفری سارا امیری سامانی زهرا جعفری
        مقدمه و هدف: گیاه گزنه دارای گونه‌های متعددی است که از دیرباز از نظر دارویی در طب سنتی توجه زیادی را به خود جلب کرده است. علی‌رغم مطالعات متعدد بر روی خواص دارویی و درمانی بخشهای مختلف این گیاه، ولیکن خلا ناشی از گزارشات علمی بر روی خصوصیات شیمیایی روغن دانه آن کاملا مح More
        مقدمه و هدف: گیاه گزنه دارای گونه‌های متعددی است که از دیرباز از نظر دارویی در طب سنتی توجه زیادی را به خود جلب کرده است. علی‌رغم مطالعات متعدد بر روی خواص دارویی و درمانی بخشهای مختلف این گیاه، ولیکن خلا ناشی از گزارشات علمی بر روی خصوصیات شیمیایی روغن دانه آن کاملا محسوس است. بنابراین در این تحقیق، برخی از خصوصیات روغن استخراج شده از دانه دو گونه گزنه کشت داده شده در ایران مورد بررسی و مقایسه قرار گرفت. روش تحقیق: دانه‌های مربوط به دو گونه گزنه تحت عنوان Urticapilulifera و Urticadioica تهیه و درصد روغن در آنها با روش مرجع سوکسله اندازه‌گیری شد. ترکیب اسید چرب با استفاده از کروماتوگرافی گازی و ترکیب توکوفرولها نیز با کروماتوگرافی مایع با کارایی بالا مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. در نهایت رفتار حرارتی دو روغن با دستگاه کالریمتری پیمایشی تفاضلی در دامنه حرارتی 50 تا 100- درجه سانتیگراد مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. نتایج و بحث: بر اساس نتایج به دست آمده هر دو گونه گزنه حاوی درصد قابل ملاحظه‌ای روغن می‌باشند(1/34% و 5/29% به ترتیب برای Urticadioica و Urticapilulifera که قابل مقایسه با منابع متداول روغن است. اسیدهای چرب غالب در روغن هر دو گونه به ترتیب شامل اسید لینولئیک، اسید اولئیک و اسید پالمتیک بودند. هر دو روغن عمدتاً حاوی گاما توکوفرول و سپس دلتا توکوفرول بوده و آلفا توکوفرول مقدار بسیار کمتری را به خود اختصاص داده بود. پروفیل انجمادی و ذوبی هر دو روغن شباهت نزدیکی بهم داشته و شامل سه پیک اگزوترمی و چهار پیک اندوترمی بودند که با توجه به ترکیب اسید چرب در این دو روغن، مربوط به تری‌گلیسریدهای مختلف با درجه غیراشباعیت متفاوت می‌باشند. توصیه کاربردی/صنعتی: با توجه به نتایج به دست آمده، دانه‌های مورد بررسی منابع خوبی از روغن بوده و غنی از اسیدهای چرب چندغیر اشباعی می‌باشند که آنها را مناسب برای کاربردهای خوراکی، داروسازی و حتی صنعتی خواهد کرد. Manuscript profile
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        66 - استخراج روغن کنجد با کمک امواج فراصوت
        حسن غزالی وردنجانی سمیه تقیان مهدی عمو حیدری
        مقدمه و هدف: کنجد یکی از قدیمی‌ترین گیاهان کشت شده در جهان و یکی از قدیمی‌ترین محصولات روغنی مورد استفاده بشر است. روغن کنجد به عنوان یک روغن صنعتی،خوراکی و دارویی دارای اهمیت ویژه‌ای است. امروزه استفاده از امواج فراصوت با توجه به اثرات مؤثر آن در نگهداری و فرآیند مواد More
        مقدمه و هدف: کنجد یکی از قدیمی‌ترین گیاهان کشت شده در جهان و یکی از قدیمی‌ترین محصولات روغنی مورد استفاده بشر است. روغن کنجد به عنوان یک روغن صنعتی،خوراکی و دارویی دارای اهمیت ویژه‌ای است. امروزه استفاده از امواج فراصوت با توجه به اثرات مؤثر آن در نگهداری و فرآیند مواد غذایی گسترش قابل توجه‌ای یافته است. روش تحقیق: در این تحقیق از مدل آماری سطح پاسخ به منظور بررسی اثرات دو متغیر نسبت دانه به حلال و زمان استخراج باامواج فراصوت بر متغیرهای وابسته شامل راندمان استخراج، عدد پراکسید، عدد 2-تیوباربیتوریک اسید، فاکتورهای رنگ سنجی و نوع و میزان اسیدهای چرب موجود در روغن استحصالی استفاده شد. نتایج و بحث: نتایج تجزیه واریانس نشان داد افزایش نسبت حلال به دانه و زمان استخراج با امواج فراصوت دارای اثر آماری معنی‌داری (01/0 P ≤)بر افزایش راندمان استخراج بودند. شرایط عملیاتی بهینه برای فرآیند استخراج جهت حصول بیشینه راندمان شامل زمان استخراج 55 دقیقه و نسبت دانه به حلال 25/0 تعیین شد. توصیه کاربردی/ صنعتی: نتایج این مقاله نشان داد که فرایند استخراج اولتراسونیک نسبت به زمان مشابه استخراج با روش سوکسله، بازده بیشتری حاصل نمود. همچنین نتایج حاکی از آن بود که امواج فراصوت تأثیر نامطلوبی روی رنگ روغن استخراج شده نداشت و در شرایطی حتی باعث بهبود رنگ روغن استحصالی نیز شد. Manuscript profile
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        67 - ارزیابی کمی و کیفی اسیدهای چرب بذر خیار چنبر (Cucumis melo var. flexuosus)
        ابوالفضل امینی حسینعلی اسدی قارنه الهام فروزنده
        Background & Aim:Armenian cucumber (Cucumis melo var. flexuosus) is one of the varieties of Cucurbitaceae family that is freshly consumed in Iran, while due to the presence of useful fatty acids and minerals, it can play a special role in the health diet. The a More
        Background & Aim:Armenian cucumber (Cucumis melo var. flexuosus) is one of the varieties of Cucurbitaceae family that is freshly consumed in Iran, while due to the presence of useful fatty acids and minerals, it can play a special role in the health diet. The aim of this study was to evaluate the quantitative and qualitative of fatty acids in the seeds of Armenian cucumber. Experimental: Fruits were harvested in summer of 2018 at a fully ripened stage.The seeds were manually separated from the fruits and dried in roomtemperature. Evaluation of morphological traits was performed in the laboratory of horticulture sciences department. The seed oil extraction was done using Soxhlet apparatus and fatty acids analysis was performed by gas chromatography at Central Research Institute of Islamic Azad University, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch. Results: The mean of 100-seed weight was 4.08 g, the mean of seed length and diameter were 12.46 and 4.84 mm, respectively, andthe ratio of kernel to seed shellwas 2.75. The seed oil content was 34.8% and included of 24 kind of different fatty acids. The most important unsaturated fatty acids were linoleic with 51.62% and oleic acid with 28.31% and the most important saturated fatty acids were palmitic and stearic acids with 11.16% and 7.16%, respectively. The sum of unsaturated fatty acids, saturated fatty acids and the ratio of unsaturated to saturated fatty acids were 19.46, 80.54 and 4.13, respectively. Recommended applications/industries: According to the results of this research, America cucumber seeds are rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids that will make them suitable for food, pharmaceutical and industrial applications. Manuscript profile
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        68 - استخراج و تعیین مقدار اسیدهای چرب ضروری در برگ گیاه خرفه (Portulaca oleracea L)
        ژیلا اصغری سهره علی محمد زاده محسن مظاهری تهرانی
        مقدمه و هدف: گیاه خرفه (Portulaca oleracea L.) یک گونه خودرو از خانواده پورتولاکاسه است که در اغلب مناطق ایران می‌روید. بر اساس نتایج مطالعات انجام شده، این گونه منبعی غنی از اسیدهای چرب ضروری امگا-3 و امگا-6 می‌باشد. خرفه از لحاظ گستردگی، هشتمین گیاه متداول در دنیا می‌ More
        مقدمه و هدف: گیاه خرفه (Portulaca oleracea L.) یک گونه خودرو از خانواده پورتولاکاسه است که در اغلب مناطق ایران می‌روید. بر اساس نتایج مطالعات انجام شده، این گونه منبعی غنی از اسیدهای چرب ضروری امگا-3 و امگا-6 می‌باشد. خرفه از لحاظ گستردگی، هشتمین گیاه متداول در دنیا می‌باشد. هدف از پژوهش حاضر، مقایسه‌ی میزان اسیدهای چرب ضروری در نمونه‌های دو جمعیت گرگان و سردشت می‌باشد.روش تحقیق: روغن موجود در برگ گیاه خرفه از طریق دستگاه سوکسله و با استفاده از حلال پترولیوم اتر استخراج شد. اسیدهای چرب قبل از تزریق به کروماتوگرافی گازی، جهت بررسی کمی و کیفی، به متیل استر تبدیل شدند.نتایج و بحث: میزان روغن استخراج شده برای نمونه گرگان و سردشت، به ترتیب 73/4% و 81/4% برای نمونه‌‌ی گرگان و سردشت بود. در هر دو نمونه سه اسید چرب ضروری شناسایی شد که بیشترین مقدار مربوط به لینولنیک اسید، به میزان 43/105 و 97/148 (میلی‌گرم اسیدچرب به گرم روغن)، پس از آن لینولئیک اسید به میزان 13/30 و 31/39 (میلی‌گرم اسیدچرب به گرم روغن) و کمترین مقدار مربوط به آراشیدونیک اسید به میزان  16/5  و 30/8 (میلی‌گرم اسیدچرب به گرم روغن)، به ترتیب برای نمونه گرگان و سردشت بود.توصیه کاربردی/صنعتی: نتایج حاصل نشان می دهد که میزان اسیدهای چرب ضروری در نمونه سردشت بیشتر از نمونه گرگان می‌باشد که بیانگر آن است که میزان روغن و ترکیب اسیدهای چرب روغن خرفه ممکن است تحت تاثیر شرایط آب و هوایی محل رویش آن باشد. Manuscript profile
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        69 - A study on the catalytic activity of a new acidic ordered mesoporous silica (SBA-15)
        Kayvan Habibi Manouchehr Mamaghani Mohammad Nikpassand
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        70 - Sulfonated porous carbon catalyzed esterification of free fatty acids
        Arash Shokrolahi Abbas Zali Hamid Pouretedal
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        71 - Effect of Metabolic Stress on Ovarian Activity and Reproductive Performance of Dairy Cattle: A Review
        م. فرمان س. ناندی و. گریش کومار س.ک. تریپاسی پ.س.پ. گوپتا
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        72 - ترکیب اسید چرب داخل عضلانی ماهیچه Longissimus گوساله‌های از شیر گرفته نشده نژاد Minhota در سن کشتار متفاوت
        جی.پی. آرایجو پی. پیرس جی.ل. سرکواِیرا م. باروس ت. مورنو
        محصولات گوشتی از 16 نژاد گاو پرتقالی ارزش اقتصادی و فرهنگی بالایی برای جمعیت‌های بومی نشان می‌دهد. در این میان، Minhota یکی از مهمترین‌ها در توانایی تولید گوشت واقع در شمال غربی کشور است. این نژاد برای کیفیت گوشت بالا استفاده می‌شود. این مطالعه تاثیر سن کشتار، گوشت گوسا More
        محصولات گوشتی از 16 نژاد گاو پرتقالی ارزش اقتصادی و فرهنگی بالایی برای جمعیت‌های بومی نشان می‌دهد. در این میان، Minhota یکی از مهمترین‌ها در توانایی تولید گوشت واقع در شمال غربی کشور است. این نژاد برای کیفیت گوشت بالا استفاده می‌شود. این مطالعه تاثیر سن کشتار، گوشت گوساله (6 ماهه) و گاو (9 ماهه) و جنس، پرورش یافته در سیستم تولید سنتی، روی ترکیب اسید چرب داخل عضلانی ماهیچه longissimus و کیفیت تغذیه را شرح می‌دهد. نمونه‌هایی از ماهیچهlongissimus thoracis  برای ترکیب اسید چرب چربی درون ماهیچه‌ای از 41 گاو نژاد Minhota آنالیز شدند. گوساله شیرگیری نشده (22) و گاو (19)، مربوط به نرها (n=25) و ماده‌ها (n=16) آنالیز شدند. هر دو گروه از حیوانات در یک سیستم تولیدی سنتی پرورش یافته‌اند. گوشت نژاد Minhota یک منبع ارزشمند از اسیدهای چرب غیر اشباع،  خصوصاً اسیدهای چرب C-20 و C-22 n-3 در جیره انسانی است. یک نسبت n-6:n-3 پایین نشان می‌دهد که چربی در این نژاد ارزش تغذیه‌ای خوبی دارد. تفاوت‌ها در ترکیب چربی از گوساله و گاو می‌تواند به این واقعیت که مکیدن مادری (maternal suckling) در حیوانات جوان‌تر مهم‌تر است نسبت داده شود. Manuscript profile
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        73 - ماده خشک مصرفی، تولید شیر و ترکیب اسیدهای چرب شیر گاوهای شیری تغذیه شده با جیره غذایی حاوی پنبه دانه و جایگزین آن با دانه گلرنگ خام و مایکروویو شده
        ح. پایا ا. تقی زاده
        تحقیق حاضر جهت بررسی تأثیر افزودن دانه گلرنگ خام و مایکروویو شده بر میزان ماده خشک مصرفی، تولید و ترکیبات شیر، ترکیب اسیدهای چرب شیر، پارمترهای خونی و قابلیت هضم ظاهری در گاوهای تازه‌زا انجام شد. 9 رأس گاو شیری تازه‌زا و چند شکم زایش به ­صورت تصادفی یکی از سه جیره آ More
        تحقیق حاضر جهت بررسی تأثیر افزودن دانه گلرنگ خام و مایکروویو شده بر میزان ماده خشک مصرفی، تولید و ترکیبات شیر، ترکیب اسیدهای چرب شیر، پارمترهای خونی و قابلیت هضم ظاهری در گاوهای تازه‌زا انجام شد. 9 رأس گاو شیری تازه‌زا و چند شکم زایش به ­صورت تصادفی یکی از سه جیره آزمایشی را در قالب طرح مربع لاتین 3 × 3 دریافت کردند. جیره­های آزمایشی شامل جیره حاوی پنبه دانه (جیره شاهد)، جیره حاوی دانه گلرنگ خام به میزان 40 گرم در کیوگرم ماده خشک جیره (جایگزین شده با پنبه دانه) و جیره حاوی دانه گلرنگ مایکروویو شده به میزان 40 گرم در کیوگرم ماده خشک جیره (جایگزین شده با پنبه‌ دانه) بود. نتایج حاصل نشانگر عدم تأثیر معنی­دار اضافه کردن دانه گلرنگ خام و مایکروویو شده بر تولید، چربی، پروتئین و لاکتوز شیر بود. افزودن دانه گلرنگ خام و مایکروویو شده میزان اسیدهای چرب بلند زنجیر، اسید چرب 18 کربنه با یک پیوند دوگانه ترانس، اسیدهای چرب 18 کربنه با دو پیوند دوگانه و اسیدهای چرب با چندین پیوند دوگانه را افزایش و میزان اسید چرب 16 کربنه را کاهش داد (0.05>P). میزان اسید چرب لینولئیک کونژوگه سیس 9– ترانس 11 شیر تولیدی در اثر تغذیه دانه گلرنگ مایکروویو شده تمایل به افزایش نشان داد. در کل نتایج نشان دادند که مصرف دانه گلرنگ خام و مایکروویو شده تأثیر منفی بر راندمان تولید شیر نداشته و در مقابل توانسته کیفیت شیر تولیدی را با افزایش اسیدهای چرب غیر اشباع بهبود بخشد. Manuscript profile
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        74 - اثرات آمیخته‌گری بر پروفایل اسیدهای چرب در بزهای بومی قزوینی
        م.ح. هادی-تواتری ا. رشیدی ح. جهانی-عزیزآبادی م. رزم‌کبیر
        در این مطالعه پروفایل اسیدهای چرب ماهیچه longissimus lumborum (LL) بزغاله‌های نر سه گروه ژنوتیپی بزهای بومی استان قزوین (Q، 10=n)، آمیخته‌های بومی قزوین× سانن (QS، 10=n) و (بومی قزوین×سانن)×سانن (QSS، 9=n) مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. همه بزغاله‌ها در سن 75 ر More
        در این مطالعه پروفایل اسیدهای چرب ماهیچه longissimus lumborum (LL) بزغاله‌های نر سه گروه ژنوتیپی بزهای بومی استان قزوین (Q، 10=n)، آمیخته‌های بومی قزوین× سانن (QS، 10=n) و (بومی قزوین×سانن)×سانن (QSS، 9=n) مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. همه بزغاله‌ها در سن 75 روزگی از شیر گرفته شده بودند و با جیره‌ای حاوی 30 درصد یونجه و 75 درصد کنسانتره تغذیه شدند. بزغاله‌ها در سن 130 روزگی ذبح شده و بلافاصله از ماهیچه LL آنها نمونه‌‌ها جمع‌آوری گردید. داده‌ها با استفاده از تجزیه واریانس یک‌طرفه و روش GLM آنالیز شد. مجموع تغییرات پروفایل اسیدهای چرب گروه‌های ژنتیکی از طریق تجزیه تشخیص کانونی (CDA) مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفت. تفاوت میانگین چربی درون ماهیچه‌ای (0.94=Q، QS=2.01 و 1.05=QSS، گرم در 100 گرم گوشت)، اسیدهای چرب اشباع (SFA، Q=40.78، QS=25.43 و 36.9=QSS)، اسیدهای چرب غیر اشباع با چندین باند مضاعف (PUFA، 99/12=Q، 89/13=QS و 41/22=QSS)، کل اسید لینولئیک مزدوج (CLA، Q=10.2، QS=2.32 و 1.02=QSS) و اسیدهای چرب مفید (73.63=Q، 67.18=QS و 74.87=QSS) معنی‌دار بود (0.05>P). همچنین نسبت‌های PUFA:SFA و C18:2,n-6:C18:2,n-3 درگروه‌های ژنتیکی معنی‌دار بود (0.05>P). گروه‌های ژنتیکی توسط روش CDA و بر اساس کل اسیدهای چرب موجود در چربی داخل ماهیچه LL در دسته بندی‌های متفاوت قرار گرفتند. نتایج حاصل نشان داد که آمیخته‌گری دارای اثر معنی‌دار (0.05>P) بر تغییرات پروفایل اسیدهای چرب ماهیچه LL بزغاله‌ها بود و پروفایل اسیدهای چرب ماهیچه LL بزغاله‌های آمیخته نسبت به بزغاله‌های بومی استان قزوین کیفیت بهتری داشت. بر اساس شرایط این آزمایش آمیخته‌گری می‌تواند استراتژی مناسبی برای تولید گوشت بز با غلظت بالایی از اسیدهای چرب غیر اشباع با جنبه‌های مفید برای سلامتی مصرف‌کننده ‌باشد. Manuscript profile
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        75 - Effect of Dietary and Animal Factors on Milk Fatty Acids Composition of Grazing Dairy Cows: A Review
        A.I. Roca Fernandez A. Gonzalez Rodriguez
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        76 - ترکیب اسیدهای چرب در چربی دنبه و احشایی بره های خالص نژادهای شال و زندی و آمیخته آنها با نژاد زل (سه نژاد ایرانی)
        م. مؤمن ن. امام جمعه کاشان س.د. شریفی م. امیری رودبار ا. آیت‪الهی مهرجردی
        مطالعه حاضر به منظور بررسی اثر نژاد، جنس و محل نمونه برداری بر ترکیب اسیدهای چرب در چربی دنبه و احشایی در پنج گروه بره‪های خالص و آمیخته حاصل از سه نژاد ایرانی انجام شد. محتوای اسیدهای چرب اشباع و غیر اشباع در این دو منبع چربی قابل جدا شدن از لاشه (دنبه و احشایی) به طور More
        مطالعه حاضر به منظور بررسی اثر نژاد، جنس و محل نمونه برداری بر ترکیب اسیدهای چرب در چربی دنبه و احشایی در پنج گروه بره‪های خالص و آمیخته حاصل از سه نژاد ایرانی انجام شد. محتوای اسیدهای چرب اشباع و غیر اشباع در این دو منبع چربی قابل جدا شدن از لاشه (دنبه و احشایی) به طور ویژه بررسی شد. تمامی بره‪ها در شرایط یکسان تغذیه و پروار شدند. تفاوت آماری معنی‪داری در دوسطح 5 درصد و 1 درصد در نسبت برخی از اسیدهای چرب در بین نژادها، دو جنس و محل نمونه برداری مشاهده شد. مقادیر اسیدهای چرب غیراشباع (USF) در چربی دنبه بسیار بیشتر از چربی احشایی بود (01/0P<). علاوه بر این، تفاوت معنی‪داری از لحاظ مجموع کل اسیدهای چرب اشباع (SFA) در بین چربی احشایی و دنبه مشاهده نشد (05/0P>) و همچنین این دومنبع چربی تحت تأثیر جنس قرار نگرفتند (05/0P>). نتایج نشان داد که میزان SFA  در بره‪های نژاد زل × زندی، شال × شال و زندی × زندی بیشتر از USF می باشد (05/0P<). در تمامی پنج گروه ژنتیکی مورد مطالعه بیشتر محتوای اسیدهای چرب اشباع (SFA) متشکل از پالمتیک اسید (C16:0) و استئاریک اسید (C18:0) و همچنین، پالمیتو لئیک (C16:1 n7)، اولئیک (C18:1) و لینولنیک اسید (C18:2 n6) بخش اعظمی از مجموع اسیدهای چرب غیر اشباع را تشکیل می‪دادند. به طورکلی، محتوای کلیSFA  و USF به طور معنی‪داری تحت تأثیر محل نمونه برداری قرار گرفت (01/0P<). Manuscript profile
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        77 - تأثیر منابع مختلف چربی بر عملکرد و متابولیت‌‌های خونی در جیره پایانی جوجه‌های گوشتی
        س.ع. میرقلنج ا. گلیان م.ع. بهروزلک س. مرادی
        این آزمایش به منظور بررسی اثرات منابع اسیدهای چرب اشباع و غیر اشباع در جیره پایانی بر عملکرد، ذخایر چربی بدن و متابولیت‌های سرم خون جوجه‌های گوشتی انجام گرفت. این آزمایش با استفاده از 144 پرنده 28 روزه سویه تجاری راس (308) در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با 4 تیمار و 6 تکرار More
        این آزمایش به منظور بررسی اثرات منابع اسیدهای چرب اشباع و غیر اشباع در جیره پایانی بر عملکرد، ذخایر چربی بدن و متابولیت‌های سرم خون جوجه‌های گوشتی انجام گرفت. این آزمایش با استفاده از 144 پرنده 28 روزه سویه تجاری راس (308) در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با 4 تیمار و 6 تکرار انجام شد. چهار تیمار جیره‌ای در این تحقیق شامل: سطوح 5 درصد از چربی پیه به عنوان منبع چربی اشباع و روغن زیتون، روغن کنجاله سویا و روغن کانولا به عنوان منابع چربی غیر اشباع بودند که در طول دوره پایانی پرورش جوجه‌های گوشتی از سن 29 تا 42 روزگی مورد استفاده قرار گرفتند. استفاده از چربی پیه در این آزمایش، مقادیر میانگین مصرف خوراک و میانگین افزایش وزن بدن را در مقایسه با روغن‌های گیاهی بطور معنی‌داری کاهش داد (05/0­<­P). میزان چربی محوطه شکمی در پرندگانی که چربی پیه و روغن زیتون را مصرف کرده بودند در مقایسه با پرندگانی که روغن کنجاله سویا و روغن کانولا را مصرف کردند افزایش معنی‌داری نشان داد (05/0­<­P). در طی دوره پایانی، جوجه‌های تغذیه شده با جیره حاوی چربی پیه نسبت به سایر تیمارها وزن نسبی کیسه صفرا بالاتری داشتند (05/0­<­P). میزان لیپوپروتئین با چگالی بالا (HDL) و تری‌گلیسرید سرم خون جوجه‌های گوشتی در سن 42 روزگی با مصرف روغن سویا و روغن کانولا در مقایسه با چربی پیه کاهش معنی‌داری را نشان دادند (05/0­<­P). این نتایج نشان می‌دهد که مقادیر عملکرد، چربی محوطه شکمی، وزن نسبی کیسه صفرا و برخی متابولیت‌های سرم خون جوجه‌های گوشتی ممکن است با تغییر منابع چربی جیره در حدود 14 روز قبل از کشتار تغییر یابند. Manuscript profile
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        78 - ارزیابی خصوصیات عملکردی و پروفیل اسیدهای چرب گوشت شتر تک کوهانه و آمیخته
        ز. عبادی ف. سرحدی
        در این تحقیق، 24 نفر شتر تک­ کوهانه و آمیخته (Camelus dromedarius and Camelus bactrianus)، در دو جنس نر و ماده و در دو دوره پروار (شش و نه ماه)، مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. خصوصیات گوشت شتر و پروفیل اسیدهای چرب آن، در نواحی مختلف بدن (ران، سردست، راسته و گردن) اندازه&sh More
        در این تحقیق، 24 نفر شتر تک­ کوهانه و آمیخته (Camelus dromedarius and Camelus bactrianus)، در دو جنس نر و ماده و در دو دوره پروار (شش و نه ماه)، مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. خصوصیات گوشت شتر و پروفیل اسیدهای چرب آن، در نواحی مختلف بدن (ران، سردست، راسته و گردن) اندازه­ گیری شد. نتایج نشان داد که pH  نهایی گوشت شتر آمیخته کمتر از نمونه­ های تک ­کوهانه بود و مقدار آن در نمونه ­های شتر نر بیشتر از ماده بود (0.05>P). اثر توده ­های ژنتیکی آمیخته و تک­ کوهانه، بر ویژگی ­های گوشت همچون؛ درصد افت وزن پس از پخت، قابلیت نگهداری آب (WBC) و غلظت رنگدانه­ های گوشت، اختلاف معنی­ دار داشتند. نتایج نشان داد ترکیب اسیدهای چرب گوشت شتر متأثر از آمیخته­ گری و دوره ­های مختلف پرواری، به ویژه در برش نواحی گردن، راسته و سردست، بود. بیشترین میزان اسیدهای چرب غیر اشباع (UFA) و همچنین بالاترین نسبت اسیدهای چرب دارای یک و چند باند غیراشباع (MUFA+PUFA) به اسیدهای چرب اشباع (SFA)، در نمونه ­های گوشت شتر آمیخته مشاهده شد. افزایش دوره  پروار از شش به نه ماه، موجب افزایش نسبت MUFA + PUFA/SFA  و شاخص سلامت در گوشت شتر شد. Manuscript profile
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        79 - Assessment of Lipid Metabolism in Broilers against Plant Extract and Probiotic Substance or Their Combined Use
        G. Duskaev O. Kvan I. Vershinina S. Rakhmatullin
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        80 - مروری بر بیوهیدروژناسیون و اثرات تانن بر آن
        ر. ولی‌زاده یونجالی ف. میرزایی آقجه قشلاق ب. نویدشاد س. کرامتی جبه‌دار
        فرآیند تحت عنوان بیوهیدروزناسیون اساساً  در دام­های نشخوارکننده اتفاق افتاده و در طی آن اسیدهای چرب غیر اشباع و به ویژه اسیدهای چرب غیراشباع با چند پیوند دوگانه (لینولئیک و لینولنیک) به شکل اشباع استئاریک اسید تبدیل می­شوند. برای سال­های زیادی، اثرات سو More
        فرآیند تحت عنوان بیوهیدروزناسیون اساساً  در دام­های نشخوارکننده اتفاق افتاده و در طی آن اسیدهای چرب غیر اشباع و به ویژه اسیدهای چرب غیراشباع با چند پیوند دوگانه (لینولئیک و لینولنیک) به شکل اشباع استئاریک اسید تبدیل می­شوند. برای سال­های زیادی، اثرات سودمند اسیدهای چرب میان مرحله­ای بیوهیدروژناسیون مانند سیس 9 ترانس 11 لینولئیک اسید، ایزومر طبیعی اصلی لینولئیک اسید مزدوج (CLA)، و ایزومر ترانس 9 ترانس 11 CLA به ویژه در پیشگیری از سرطان، اثبات شده است. محققان بسیاری تلاش در استفاده از ترکیباتی برای مداخله در بیوهیدروژناسیون و افزایش سوبستراهای CLA (مانند واسینیک اسید) داشته­اند. اخیراً، به دلیل اثرات بر جمعیت میکروبی شکمبه و بدین ترتیب بر بیوهیدروژناسیون، تانن، یک ترکیب پلی­فنولی، در مرکز توجه قرار گرفته است. به خوبی شناخته شده است که تانن به ویژه تانن متراکم جمعیت باکتری­های دخیل بیوهیدروژناسین را تحت تأثیر قرار می­دهد. در نتیجه، کاهش در بیوهیدروژناسیون از طریق افزودن جیره­ای تانن روشی سودمند برای تغییر پروفیل اسیدهای چرب شیر به سمت اسیدهای چرب مروج سلامتی است. Manuscript profile
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        81 - Feeding of Safflower (Carthamus tintorius) Cake in Small Ruminant Total Mixed Rations: Effects on Growth Traits and Meat Fatty Acid Composition
        V. Tufarelli A. Vicenti M. Ragni F. Pinto M. Selvaggi
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        82 - مروری بر اثرات متابولیسمی اسیدهای چرب با چند باند دوگانه بر مرغ‌ها
        ب. نوبدشاد م. رویان ع. اخلاقی
        مرغ به عنوان مدلی مناسب برای مطالعات متابولیسم لیپید مورد استفاده قرار گرفته است، زیرا تغییرات جیره‌ای به ویژه نوع چربی جیره می‌توانند ترکیب بدن مرغ را تغییر دهند. چربی‌ها به عنوان منبعی از انرژی و برخی اسیدهای چرب نظیر اسیدهای چرب با چند پیوند دوگانه (PUFAs) مورد More
        مرغ به عنوان مدلی مناسب برای مطالعات متابولیسم لیپید مورد استفاده قرار گرفته است، زیرا تغییرات جیره‌ای به ویژه نوع چربی جیره می‌توانند ترکیب بدن مرغ را تغییر دهند. چربی‌ها به عنوان منبعی از انرژی و برخی اسیدهای چرب نظیر اسیدهای چرب با چند پیوند دوگانه (PUFAs) مورد نیاز حیوان و انسان عمل می­نمایند. اسیدهای چرب با چند پیوند دوگانه از نوع n-3، به خصوص اسید آیکوزاپنتوانوئیک (EPA) و اسید دوکوزاهگزاانوئیک (DHA) اثرات مطلوب شناخته شده­ای بر سلامت انسان دارند. اسیدهای چرب با چند پیوند دوگانه از نوع n-3 به عنوان محرک‌های با منشاء غذایی اکسیداسیون اسید چرب عمل نموده و مهار کننده برگشتی سنتز اسیدهای چرب جدید هستند. این سازوکارهای تنظیمی نه تنها میزان لیپید کبد و ترشح لیپوپروتئین با چگالی خیلی پایین (VLDL) را کاهش می­دهند، بلکه مقادیر اضافه اسیدهای چرب بلند زنجیر با چند پیوند دوگانه را که ممکن است منجر به تنش اکسیداسیونی یا آسیب رساندن با یکپارچگی غشاء شوند را از غشاء سلولی حذف می­نمایند. این مقاله به اختصار به مهمترین اثرات متابولیکی اسیدهای چرب با چند پیوند دوگانه در مرغ می­پردازد. Manuscript profile
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        83 - Effect of Different Levels of Chromium Methionine Supplementation on Growth Performance, Meat Oxidative Stability and Ruminal Metabolites of Male Goat Kids
        A. Emami A. Zali M. Ganjkhanlou A. Hozhabri A. Akbari Afjani
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        84 - اثرات آنزیم‌های بیرونی تجزیه‌کننده الیاف روی تخمیر شکمبه‌ای علوفه ذرت جارویی وحشی در محیط آزمایشگاه
        اس. سوجانی آ.ن. پاتهیرانا ر.ت. سرسینهه ک.ب. داسانایاکا
        این مطالعه برای ارزیابی توانایی آنزیم­های تجاری سلولاز، زایلاناز و مخلوط آنها برای بهبود تخمیر شکمبه­ای علوفه ذرت جاروییاکوتیپ A انجام شد. آزمایش بر اساس طرح بلوک­های کامل تصادفی انجام شد. انکوباسیون داخل آزمایشگاهی با چهار دوز 50، 100، 150 و 200 میکرولیتر ا More
        این مطالعه برای ارزیابی توانایی آنزیم­های تجاری سلولاز، زایلاناز و مخلوط آنها برای بهبود تخمیر شکمبه­ای علوفه ذرت جاروییاکوتیپ A انجام شد. آزمایش بر اساس طرح بلوک­های کامل تصادفی انجام شد. انکوباسیون داخل آزمایشگاهی با چهار دوز 50، 100، 150 و 200 میکرولیتر از آنزیم­های فردی سلولاز و زایلاناز و مخلوط آنها (با نسبت 1 به 1) با 500 میلی­گرم سوبسترا انجام شد. تولید گازهای شکمبه­ای در فواصل چهار ساعت تعیین شدند. در پایان 24 ساعت انکوباسییون، ناپدید شدن ماده خشک، ازت آمونیاکی، جمعیت پروتوزوایی و اسیدهای چرب فرار تخمین زده شدند. مکمل کردن با سلولاز، زایلاناز و مخلوطی از آنها به­ طور معنی­داری تولید گاز و ناپدید شدن ماده خشک را افزایش داد. تولید ازت آمونیاکی به طور معنی­داری با زایلاناز و مخلوط آنها افزایش یافت. اگرچه مجموع اسیدهای چرب فرار تغییر معنی­داری نشان نداد، تولید استات به­ طور معنی­داری توسط مخلوط آنزیم سلولاز و زایلاناز کاهش یافت در حالیکه همین تیمار تولید بوتیرات را افزایش داد. تیمار سلولاز و زایلاناز منجر به کاهش معنی­دار در نسبت استات به پروپیونات شد. کاهش غیر معنی­داری در جمعیت پروتوزوایی شکمبه در پاسخ به تیمار آنزیمی مشاهده شد. در نتیجه، مکمل آنزیم­های بیرونی تجزیه­کننده الیاف در محیط آزمایشگاه توانست تخمیر شکمبه­ای علوفه ذرت جارویی اکوتیپA  را بهبود دهد. Manuscript profile
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        85 - Olive Cake and Barley Malt Rootlets in Hen Diets to Improve Egg Lipids and Fatty Acids
        S.M. Hashish L.D. Abd El-Samee
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        86 - مقایسه پروفیل اسید‪های چرب لیپیدهای زرده تخم مرغ‪های بومی و تجاری
        ع. کیانی م.ح. قارونی
        مصرف کنندگان معمولاً تخم مرغ‪های تولیدی از مرغان بومی را به تخم مرغ‪های تولیدی نژاد‪های تجاری ترجیح می‪دهند. در پژوهش حاضر پروفیل اسید‪های چرب لیپیدهای زرده تخم مرغ‪های توده بومی (بومی ، تعداد 20 عدد) با تخم مرغ‪های تجاری (تجاری، تعداد 20 عدد) مقایسه شد. تخم مرغ‪های بوم More
        مصرف کنندگان معمولاً تخم مرغ‪های تولیدی از مرغان بومی را به تخم مرغ‪های تولیدی نژاد‪های تجاری ترجیح می‪دهند. در پژوهش حاضر پروفیل اسید‪های چرب لیپیدهای زرده تخم مرغ‪های توده بومی (بومی ، تعداد 20 عدد) با تخم مرغ‪های تجاری (تجاری، تعداد 20 عدد) مقایسه شد. تخم مرغ‪های بومی و تجاری به ترتیب از مرغان بومی لری در شرایط روستایی و مزرعه تجاری مرغ تخمگذار تهیه شد. اسیدهای چرب تخم مرغ‪ها به وسیله دستگاه گاز کروماتوگرافی تعیین شد. وزن تخم مرغان بومی (7/47 گرم) به طور معنی‪داری کمتر از وزن تخم مرغان تجاری (6/59 گرم) بود. کل اسیدهای چرب در تخم مرغ‪های بومی و تجاری به ترتیب با 7/27 و6/28 گرم در 100 گرم زرده تفاوت معنی‪داری نداشت. تخم مرغ‪های بومی مقدار بیشتری اسید دکوزاهگزونیک (DHA, C22:6n3) ، اسید آلفا-لینولئیک (ALA, C18:3n3)، و اسید اولئیک (C18:1n9) و در مقابل مقدار کمتری اسید لینولئیک (C18:2n6) در مقایسه با تخم مرغ‪های تجاری داشت. تخم مرغ بومی دارای مقدار بیشتری اسیدهای چرب امگا-3 و اما دارای مقدار کمتری اسیدهای چرب امگا-6 نسبت به تخم مرغ تجاری بود. در نتیجه، نسبت اسیدهای چرب امگا-6 به امگا-3 در تخم مرغ‪های بومی (1/8) در مقایسه با تخم مرغ‪های تجاری (4/17) کمتر بود که می‪تواند نشان دهنده سالمتر بودن تخم مرغ‪های بومی نسبت به تخم مرغ‪های تجاری برای مصرف کنندگان باشد. Manuscript profile
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        87 - The Comparison of Chemo Signal Compositions in Body Fluids of Holstein Cows from Different Estrus Periods
        Ö. Anitaş S. Göncü
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        88 - In vitro Evaluation of Oil Releasing Extent from a Calcium Salt of Fatty Acids in Different Sites of Gastrointestinal Tract
        P. Peravian H. Mirzaei-Alamouti M. Dehghan-Banadaky H. Amanlou M. Vazirigohar H. Khalilvandi P. Rezamand
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        89 - Effect of Exogenous Enzymes on Nutrient Digestibility and Ruminal Fermentation of Holstein Cows
        R.J. Tseu L.L.C. Paucar F. Perna Junior R.F. Carvalho R.G.S. Nogueira E.C.O. Cassiano D.C.Z. Vasquez L.A.R. Solórzano P.H.M. Rodrigues
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        90 - پروفایل اسید چرب در شیر گاوهای جرسی تغذیه شده با علوفه سبز یا خشک
        ر. اورتگا پرز ای. پالاسیوس مچتنوو اُ. آرجونا لوپز ا. پالاسیوس اسپینوزا ب. موریلو آمادور ا. گیلن تروجیلو ج.ل. اسپینوزا ویلاویسنسیو
        هدف از این مطالعه تعیین غلظت اسیدهای چرب (FA) خصوصاً اسیدهای چرب ترانس و لینولئیک کونژوگه شده در شیر گاوهای جرسی تغذیه شده با یونجه سبز (GA) یا یونجه خشک (AH) بود. 40 گاو جرسی با رکورد گوساله­زایی دو تا پنج، روز شیردهی 60 تا 90 و غیرآبستن در یک سیستم تولیدی محدود اس More
        هدف از این مطالعه تعیین غلظت اسیدهای چرب (FA) خصوصاً اسیدهای چرب ترانس و لینولئیک کونژوگه شده در شیر گاوهای جرسی تغذیه شده با یونجه سبز (GA) یا یونجه خشک (AH) بود. 40 گاو جرسی با رکورد گوساله­زایی دو تا پنج، روز شیردهی 60 تا 90 و غیرآبستن در یک سیستم تولیدی محدود استفاده شدند. در یک تیمار (20GA n=) گاوها با یونجه سبز تازه خرد شده و کنسانتره تجاری تغذیه شدند. در تیمار دیگر (20AH n=)، گاوها با یونجه خشک و کنسانتره تجاری مشابه تغذیه شدند. یک نمونه شیر (10 میلی‌لیتر) از هر گاو جمع­آوری شد. لیپید کل، اسیدهای چرب استریفه شده متیله (FA)، و اسیدهای لینولئیک کونژوگه شده (CLA) توسط کروماتوگرافی تعیین شدند. مقدار اسیدهای چرب اشباع، تک­گانه و چندگانه غیر اشباع بین تیمارها مشابه بود (05/0P>). محتوای اسیدهای چرب امگا 3 و امگا 6، همچنین نسبت امگا 6: امگا 3 توسط نوع علوفه تحت تأثیر قرار نگرفتند (P>0.05). با این حال، غلظت‌های اسید ترانس واکسینیک (P<0.01)، اسید رامنیک (P<0.01)، کل اسیدهای چرب ترانس (P<0.001) و CLA تام (P<0.01) در گاوهای تغذیه شده با GA بالاتر بودند. ما نتیجه گرفتیم که مصرف یونجه خرد شده سبز در گاوهای جرسی تولید CLA و اسید واکسینیک ترانس 18:1 n-7 trans-11 در شیر را افزایش می‌دهد. Manuscript profile
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        91 - The Effects of Replacement of Soybean Meal by Mechanically-Processed Sesame Meal on Performance and Milk Fatty Acids Profile in Lactating Holstein Dairy Cows
        V. Ashjae A. Taghizadeh Y. Mehmannavaz A. Nobakht
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        92 - ترکیب شیمیایی، پروفیل اسیدهای چرب و ارزش زیستی تانن در هسته‌های خرمای منتخب در ایران
        آ. رضایی‌نیا ع.ع. ناصریان ا. مختارپور
        این مطالعه به منظور بررسی ترکیب شیمیایی و پروفایل اسیدهای چرب هسته­های شش واریته غالب خرما پرورش یافته در ایران شامل برهی، استعمران، مضافتی، خاصی، خرک و زاهدی و اثرات زیستی تانن آنها به صورت تولید گاز در شرایط برون تنی انجام گرفت. قابلیت هضم ماده آلی (OMD)، انرژی قا More
        این مطالعه به منظور بررسی ترکیب شیمیایی و پروفایل اسیدهای چرب هسته­های شش واریته غالب خرما پرورش یافته در ایران شامل برهی، استعمران، مضافتی، خاصی، خرک و زاهدی و اثرات زیستی تانن آنها به صورت تولید گاز در شرایط برون تنی انجام گرفت. قابلیت هضم ماده آلی (OMD)، انرژی قابل متابولیسم (ME) و غلظت اسیدهای چرب کوتاه زنجیر (SCFA) پس از 24 ساعت کشت با و بدون استفاده از پلی اتیلن گلیکول (PEG) تخمین زده شدند. نتایج نشان داد که تمام واریته­های هسته خرما حاوی مقادیر بالای فیبر نامحلول در شوینده خنثی (NDF)، عصاره اتری و کل ترکیبات فنولی بودند که دامنه تغییر آنها به ترتیب برابر با 689 تا 782، 82 تا 118 و 41 تا 110 گرم در کیلوگرم ماده خشک بود. ولی، دارای سطوح پایین پروتئین خام (50 تا 69 گرم در کیلوگرم ماده خشک) و خاکستر (10 تا 26 گرم در کیلوگرم ماده خشک) بودند. کروماتوگرافی گازی نشان داد که اسید چرب غیر اشباع اصلی اسید اولئیک (13/40 تا 35/46 گرم در 100 گرم اسید چرب) بود، درحالی که اسید چرب اشباع اصلی اسید لوریک (96/20 تا 25/26 گرم در 100 گرم اسید چرب) بود. بجز استعمران، همه واریته­ها دارای OMD (کمتر از 334 گرم در کیلوگرم ماده خشک) و ME (کمتر از 1/4 مگاژول در کیلوگرم ماده خشک) پایین بودند. استفاده از PEG حجم گاز تولیدی، OMD، ME و SCFA را افزایش داد (05/0P<) که نشان دهنده اثر ممانعت کنندگی تانن­های هسته خرما بر تخمیر میکروبی است. کل تانن با ارزش تغذیه­ای (OMD و ME) هسته­های خرما همبستگی منفی داشت. می­توان نتیجه­گیری کرد که با وجود قابلیت هضم و انرژی قابل متابولیسم پایین، هسته خرما بدلیل وجود مقادیر زیاد کربوهیدرات­ ساختمانی و عصاره اتری ممکن است به عنوان منبع دیگری از خوراک تلقی گردد. Manuscript profile
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        93 - Effects of the Time of the Switch from an Unsaturated (Sunflower Oil) to a Saturated (Tallow) Dietary Fat Source on Performance and Carcass Fatty Acid Profile of Broiler Chickens
        M. Ahmadi Y. Mohammadi H. Darmani Kuhi Y. Yousefi
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        94 - Milk Production, Milk Fatty Acid Profiles and Blood Metabolites in Holstein Dairy Cows Fed Diets Based on Dried Citrus Pulp
        B. Ebrahimi A. Taghizadeh Y. Mehmannavaz
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        95 - Potential Relevance of Pomegranate (Punica granatum) Peel in the Nutrition, Health, and Quality Products of Poultry
        E.A. Akuru C.I. Chukwuma C.E. Oyeagu T.C. Mpendulo F.B. Lewu
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        96 - Effect of Tannins and Monensin on Rumen Fermentation and Feed Energy Partitioning of Nellore Cows
        R.J. Tseu F. Perna Junior R.F. Carvalho G.A. Sene C.B. Tropaldi A.H. Peres F. Dos Anjos P.H.M. Rodrigues
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        97 - Effect of Grape By-Products Inclusion on Ruminal Fermentation, Blood Metabolites, and Milk Fatty Acid Composition in Lactating Saanen Goats
        M. Badiee Baghsiyah M. Bashtani S.H. Farhangfar H. Sarir
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        98 - اثر کنجاله منداب جیره‌ای روی پروفایل اسید چرب لاشه
        M.R. Yossifov
        موضوع این مطالعه تعیین اثرات تغذیه کنجاله‌های منداب (27 درصد بر اساس ماده خشک) و آفتابگردان به عنوان مکمل-های پروتئینی روی ترکیب اسید چرب، پروفایل (نسبت‌ها و شاخص‌ها)، فعالیت آنزیمی لاشه در بره‌های تغذیه شده با جیره-های بر پایه دانه غلات بود. در این آزمایش، همچنین ارتبا More
        موضوع این مطالعه تعیین اثرات تغذیه کنجاله‌های منداب (27 درصد بر اساس ماده خشک) و آفتابگردان به عنوان مکمل-های پروتئینی روی ترکیب اسید چرب، پروفایل (نسبت‌ها و شاخص‌ها)، فعالیت آنزیمی لاشه در بره‌های تغذیه شده با جیره-های بر پایه دانه غلات بود. در این آزمایش، همچنین ارتباط بین اسید چرب هضم شده و اسید چرب لاشه بررسی شد. نمونه‌ها از بره‌ها نر پروار (جمعیت سنتتیک شیری بلغاری با سن 146 روز و وزن بدن پایانی 91/0±95/36 کیلوگرم) با دو تیمار جیره-ای یکسان از نظر انرژی، پروتئین و نسبت کلسیم به فسفر به دست آمدند. تیمارهای جیره‌ای شامل گروه شاهد (حاوی کنجاله آفتابگردان) و آزمایشی (حاوی کنجاله منداب) بودند. چربی لاشه برای پروفایل اسید چرب مورد آنالیز قرار گرفتند. حیوانات تغذیه شده با کنجاله منداب به طور معنی‌داری (01/0P<) عملکرد (8/38 در مقابل 1/35 کیلوگرم) و وزن نصف لاشه (26/5 در مقابل 67/4 کیلوگرم) بالاتری بودند. کنجاله منداب در مقایسه با کنجاله آفتابگردان، C18:3 (01/0P<) و  C18:3 / CLA(05/0P<) را افزایش ولی نسبت  C18:2 / C18:3(01/0P<) را کاهش داد. همبستگی بالا و خوبی بین اسید چرب جیره‌ای هضم شده و اسید چرب لاشه مشاهده شد (05/0P<). نتیجه اینکه، تغذیه حیوانات با کنجاله منداب به عنوان یک روش برای اصلاح اسیدهای چرب لاشه، کاهش مقدار اسیدهای چرب اشباع و اسیدهای چرب غیر اشباع با چندین پیوند دوگانه و افزایش اسیدهای چرب غیر اشباع با یک پیوند دوگانه، اسیدهای چرب غیر اشباع و مفید لاشه پیشنهاد می‌شود. Manuscript profile
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        99 - اثر وزن پیش از کشتار، وزن لاشه و جنسیت بر ترکیب اسیدهای چرب لاشه بره‌های نژاد بوتسیکو
        V. Alexandridis B. Skapetas D. Kantas P. Goulas A. Eleptheriadou
        هدف از مطالعه، بررسی اثر وزن پیش از کشتار، وزن لاشه، سن کشتار و جنسیت بر پروفایل اسیدهای چرب بره‌های نژاد بوتسیکو یونان است. 20 بره (شامل 10 نر و 10 ماده) مورد آزمایش قرار گرفتند. بره‌ها در سن 48 روزگی کشتار شدند. هرکدام از لاشه‌ها به 5 بخش تقسیم شدند و یک نمونه تصادفی More
        هدف از مطالعه، بررسی اثر وزن پیش از کشتار، وزن لاشه، سن کشتار و جنسیت بر پروفایل اسیدهای چرب بره‌های نژاد بوتسیکو یونان است. 20 بره (شامل 10 نر و 10 ماده) مورد آزمایش قرار گرفتند. بره‌ها در سن 48 روزگی کشتار شدند. هرکدام از لاشه‌ها به 5 بخش تقسیم شدند و یک نمونه تصادفی 100 گرمی از هر کدام از این بخش‌ها برداشت گردید (مجموعاً 180 نمونه). از هر کدام از این نمونه‌ها یک نمونه 2 گرمی جهت استخراج چربی و تخلیص آنزیم متیل استراز اسید چرب، اخذ گردید. جهت پیش‌بینی رابطه سن، جنسیت و وزن با اسیدهای چرب اشباع (SFA)، اسیدهای چرب غیر اشباع یگانه (MUFA) و اسیدهای چرب غیراشباع چندگانه (PUFA)، از یک آنالیز مسیر استفاده شده و همه معادلات تابعیت به طور همزمان مورد آزمون قرار گرفتند. فرض شده است که سن کشتار اثری غیرمستقیم از طریق وزن پیش از کشتار و وزن لاشه دارد. نتایج نشان می‌دهد که مدلی که از وزن کشتار به جای وزن لاشه استفاده می‌کند، بهتر می‌تواند ترکیب اسیدهای چرب بره‌های نژاد بوتسیکو را پیش‌بینی نماید. با در نظرّ گرفتن ارزش غذایی گوشت گوسفند برای انسان، نسبت اسیدهای چرب غیراشباع چندگانه به اسیدهای چرب اشباع نسبتاً پایین بوده ولی نسبت اسیدهای چرب غیراشباع چندگانه اُمگا 6 به اًمگا 3 برای تغذیه سالم انسان در سطح قابل قبولی بوده است. بهترین ترکیب اسیدهای چرب در دست و پا، کتف و شانه دیده شده است. می‌توان این‌گونه نتیجه‌گیری کرد که تولیدکنندگان می‌توانند سن کشتار را افزایش دهند ولی در این کار بایستی جیره به نحوی تغییر داده شود که با حداقل هزینه همراه باشد تا از این طریق تولید و بهره‌وری آن بهبود یافته و همزمان کیفیت گوشت بره‌ها نیز حفظ گردد. Manuscript profile
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        100 - Influence of drought stress and Chitosan on fatty acid compounds of rapeseed varieties
        Morteza Rezaeizadeh Saeid Sayfzadeh Amir Hossein Shirani Rad Seyed Alireza Valadabadi Esmaeil Hadidi Masouleh
        10.30495/ijpp.2019.667143
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        101 - Effect of salicylic acid on the quality of edible oil and fatty acids composition in different regions of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) heads.
        Hajar Khani Basiri Mohammad Sedghi Raouf Seyed Sharifi
        10.30495/ijpp.2017.539072
        Manuscript profile
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        102 - Effects of penconazole on hormonal crosstalk and fatty acids from salt-stressed safflower
        Fatemeh Shaki Vahid Niknam Hasan Ebrahimzadeh Maboud
        10.30495/ijpp.2020.1872682.1149
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        103 - Fatty Acid Composition of Canola Cultivars Affected by Different Sowing Dates
        Taraneh Samarzadeh Vazhdehfar Farzad Paknejad Amir Hossein Shirani Rad Saeed Vazan ‎Mostafa‎ Oveisi‎
        10.30495/ijpp.2021.1884670.1182
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        104 - Stigmasterol alleviates the impacts of drought in flax and improves oil yield via modulating efficient antioxidant and ROS homeostasis
        Mamdouh Nemat Alla Nemat Hassan Inas Budran Zeinab El-Bastawisy Ebtisam El-Harary
        10.30495/ijpp.2022.689073
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        105 - Physicochemical changes in olive oil (cv. Koroneiki) due to fruit ripening and extraction method.
        Akram Salmani Esmaeil Seifi Mahdi Alizadeh Aman Mohammad Ziaiifar Hossein Fereydooni
        10.30495/ijpp.2016.532687
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        106 - Essential oil composition and total phenolic compounds of naked and normal seed types of different accessions of Cucurbita pepo L. in Iran .
        Forouzandeh Soltani Roghayeh Karimi Abodlkarim Kashi
        10.30495/ijpp.2016.532428
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        107 - Physiological Responses and Nutritional Implications of Physalis alkekengi L. Under Varied Salinity Stress and Si and Se Nanoparticle Treatments
        Mohammad Javad  Abdi Marzieh Ghanbari Jahromi Seyed Najmmaddin Mortazavi Sepideh  Kalateh Jari Mohammad Javad Nazarideljou
        This study systematically investigates the physiological responses of Physalis alkekengi to diverse conditions of salinity stress (0, 50, 100, and 200 mM NaCl), coupled with the application of selenium (Se) nanoparticles at concentrations of 25 and 50 mgl-1, as well as More
        This study systematically investigates the physiological responses of Physalis alkekengi to diverse conditions of salinity stress (0, 50, 100, and 200 mM NaCl), coupled with the application of selenium (Se) nanoparticles at concentrations of 25 and 50 mgl-1, as well as silicon (Si) nanoparticles at concentrations of 100 and 200 mg.l-1. The experiment involved a thorough examination of many characteristics connected to biomass, such as antioxidant enzyme activity, fatty acid composition, and elemental content. This analysis was conducted at varying levels of salinity and with the addition of nanoparticles. The findings revealed that exposure to salt stress has a detrimental effect on both plant development and fruit output, leading to changes in vegetative and morphological characteristics. The utilization of Se and Si nanoparticles had a significant alleviating impact on stress caused by salinity. The correlation matrix analysis revealed complex correlations among the examined parameters, emphasizing the interrelated responses of P. alkekengi to environmental stressors and nanoparticle interventions. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) revealed the hidden patterns and connections between variables, highlighting the significant influence of biomass-related features, antioxidant enzymes, and fatty acid content on the observed variability. The results of this study enhance our knowledge of the physiological processes that regulate P. alkekengi's reaction to high salt levels. Additionally, it offers valuable information on the possible beneficial impacts of Se and Si nanoparticles in reducing the negative consequences of salinity stress. The study's comprehensive breadth increases its relevance to future research focused on optimizing growth circumstances and strengthening the resistance of P. alkekengi in demanding situations. Manuscript profile
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        108 - Quantitative and Qualitative Evaluation of Seed Oil in Some Halophyte species
        Simin Sajjadi Shahr Babaki Hossein Ali Asadi-Gharneh
        10.2./jpps.2022.691240
        Salinity is one of the most important issues that significantly reduce the area of arable land and also the amount of production and product quality. Identification and domestication of salinity-resistant plant species which have economic value is an important strategy. More
        Salinity is one of the most important issues that significantly reduce the area of arable land and also the amount of production and product quality. Identification and domestication of salinity-resistant plant species which have economic value is an important strategy. This study was conducted for evaluation of oil percent and fatty acids content in some wild halophyte’s plants. The results showed that the highest percentage of oil (14.20%) was obtained in Salicornia saline plant and the lowest amount (2.65%) was obtained in Halostachys caspica salinity plant. The highest levels of palmitic acid, stearic acid and linolenic acid were observed in Halostachys caspica. The highest amount of linoleic acid was obtained in Salicornia, Anabasis setifera and prickly pear plants and the lowest amount was obtained in Halostachys caspica. The highest total of saturated fatty acids was obtained in Halostachys caspica plant. The highest total of unsaturated fatty acids was observed in Salicornia and saline plants. In general, the results of this study showed that the use of halophyte species as a source of vegetable oil is economical, because these plants do not compete on quality soil and water with conventional crops. In addition, the percentage of unsaturated fatty acids in all studied species except Halostachys caspica was shown to be high and equal to most oilseeds. Due to the ability of these plants to grow in saline soils, they can be used as a resource of oil extraction in this condition. Manuscript profile
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        109 - Evaluation of Oil Percent and Fatty Acids Composition of Caper Genotypes in some Southern Regions of Iran
        Zahra Zangeneh Hossein Ali Asadi-Gharneh
        10.2./jpps.2022.693329
        Caper (Caparis spinosa L.) is a herbaceous and perennial plants belonging to the Capparidaceae family. The different species of Caparis are valuable plants which have used as a medicine, food and spices. This research was conducted for evaluation of oil percent and fatt More
        Caper (Caparis spinosa L.) is a herbaceous and perennial plants belonging to the Capparidaceae family. The different species of Caparis are valuable plants which have used as a medicine, food and spices. This research was conducted for evaluation of oil percent and fatty acids composition of some caper genotypes in several regions of south Iran. Oil extraction and determination of fatty acids were done by Soxhlet and Gas Chromatography, respectively. The oil percent in studied genotypes varied from 21.10% (Dashte-arzhan genotype) to 29.70% (Noor Abad genotype). In caper seed oils, 12 different fatty acids were identification. The highest amounts of saturated fatty acids were related to palmitic (C16:0) and stearic acids (C18:0). Also, linoleic acid C18:2(n-6), oleic acid C18:1(n-9) and plmitoleic acid (C16:1) were the main unsaturated fatty acids. The highest amount of linoleic acid (46.74%), palmitoleic acid (2.93) and oleic acid (37.92%) were observed in Noorabad, Kaskan and Parishan genotypes, respectively. The highest and the least value of unsaturated fatty acids were measured in Saadat-shahr and Ghaleh-sefid genotypes. In over all, according to obtained results, there are noticeable variation were observed among caper genotypes in terms of oil percent and fatty acid components. Seed oils of caper due to possess noticeable unsaturated fatty acids, which are important role on human health can be consideration as plants oil resources. Manuscript profile
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        110 - Preparation of Double-layer Nanofibers Base on Hydrogel, Silver nanoparticles, and Fatty Acid using electrospinning technique
        ensieh ghasemian lemraski elaheh khajehali sahar yari
        10.30495/jacr.2022.1940386.1973
        Today, electrospinning method is widely used to produce nanofibers based on polymers. Poly (vinyl-alcohol) and chitosan are among the most widely used polymers in biochemistry and medicine, especially in wound healing and tissue engineering. In this project, an attempt More
        Today, electrospinning method is widely used to produce nanofibers based on polymers. Poly (vinyl-alcohol) and chitosan are among the most widely used polymers in biochemistry and medicine, especially in wound healing and tissue engineering. In this project, an attempt has been made to make polymeric materials and silver nanoparticles, nanofibers with protection and antimicrobial capabilities. Electrospinning method for making bilayer nanofibers, top layer containing poly (vinyl alcohol) and chitosan containing silver nanoparticles or silver ions as antimicrobial layer, and bottom layer containing polyvinylpyrrolidone and fatty acid as layer Moisturizes the skin of injured skin. Morphology and structure of nanofibers produced using various methods such as XRD X-ray spectroscopy, FTIR infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy, thermal weighing method or TGA, X-ray energy diffraction spectroscopy (EDAX-EDS), electron microscopy method (SEM), and finally the transmission electron microscopy (TEM) method was examined. The results of the instrumental analysis indicate the production of polymer fibers with a diameter in the range of 200-500 nanometers, which indicates the successful production of nanofibers, and also structural analyzes confirm the presence of silver nanoparticles and silver ions. The results of microbial tests show that nanofibers containing silver ions have a greater antimicrobial effect than silver nanoparticles. Manuscript profile
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        111 - Fatty Acid Profile in the Phytoplankton of the South Coast of the Caspian Sea (Noshahr Reign)
        Nakhshe A. R. Mousavi Nadoushan
        Fatty acids profile of phytoplankton was studied in the spring and summer in the Caspian Sea in 1394, in order to evaluate seasonal changes. Sampling was performed in three repetitions, for each season (noshahr area). The volume of water that filtered by filtration devi More
        Fatty acids profile of phytoplankton was studied in the spring and summer in the Caspian Sea in 1394, in order to evaluate seasonal changes. Sampling was performed in three repetitions, for each season (noshahr area). The volume of water that filtered by filtration device was about 25 liters. The profile of fatty acids for samples were obtained by GC/mass. The results that were related to the profile of fatty acids in the spring and summer showed that the overall percentage of saturated fatty acids (SFA) were %54.5 and %32.3, respectively. Mono unsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) were %30.22 and %37.39 and poly unsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) were %15.31 and %16.67, respectively. It was observed that SFA in the spring, MUFA and PUFA in the summer showed high levels. Some of the essential fatty acids such as Omega-3 (EPA and DHA) that play a main role in the food chain and human health increased in the summer. Statistical analysis suggested that there was no significant difference between spring and summer for total fatty acid groups, but some important fatty acids, such as Palmitic acid, Oleic acid and DHA, showed significant difference between two seasons.   Manuscript profile
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        112 - Fatty acid composition in Acartia tonsa - South Caspian Sea (Noshahr)
        S. Sarkeshikian R. Mousavi Nadoushan
        In this study, fatty acid profile of Acartia tonsa in the summer and spring of 2015 in the Caspian Sea (Noshahr) was studied. Sampling was performed below the surface of the water by special zooplankton sampling net (100 microns). .Acartia tonsa samples were isolated, f More
        In this study, fatty acid profile of Acartia tonsa in the summer and spring of 2015 in the Caspian Sea (Noshahr) was studied. Sampling was performed below the surface of the water by special zooplankton sampling net (100 microns). .Acartia tonsa samples were isolated, filtered and frozen for fatty acid examination and composition of fatty acids was investigated by GC/MS instrument. The results showed that total saturated fatty acids in spring and summer were 62% and 31,12% , unsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) were 23.89% and 26.11% and  unsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) were 14.59% and 23.51%, respectively. Statistical analysis suggested that there was no significant difference between the independent groups of fatty acids in spring and summer except for some of the important fatty acids such as Myristic acid, Palmitic acid, Oleic acid, EPA and DHA which were significantly different in two seasons. The reasons for the differences in the composition of fatty acids are probably related to seasonal changes, availability of food resources, and the composition of fatty acids in the food supply and density of phytoplankton species in each season. Manuscript profile
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        113 - Identification of fatty acid contents and study the effects of environmental factors on their seasonal variations in two dominant gastropods of Chabahar bay
        N. Sajjadi P. Eghtesadi
        Fatty acid contents and their seasonal variations studied in Nerita textilis and Turbo coronatus, two dominant gastropods of Chabahar bay, in the South east of Iran and northern part of Oman Sea in Indian Ocean. This area provides high rates of primary productivity and More
        Fatty acid contents and their seasonal variations studied in Nerita textilis and Turbo coronatus, two dominant gastropods of Chabahar bay, in the South east of Iran and northern part of Oman Sea in Indian Ocean. This area provides high rates of primary productivity and so a diverse food source for mollusks. Environmental factors, including temperature, chlorophyll a and salinity measured monthly and their effects on fatty acids variations considered by statistical analysis. By Gas Chromatography twelve and fifteen fatty acids identified in Nerita textilis andTurbo coronatus, respectively. Unsaturated fatty acids dominated over saturated ones in Nerita textilis and oleic acid was the major fatty acid, while saturated fatty acids were dominants in Turbo coronatus and the major fatty acid was palmitic acid. Statistical analysis showed correlation of oleic acid with temperature, gadoleic acid with chlorophyll a and margaric acid with salinity in Nerita textilis , while salinity was the only environmental factor which showed correlation with lignoceric acid in Turbo coronatus . In conclusion it could be finding that the fatty acid contents might be different and also, there could be different effects of environmental factors on fatty acid variations in two species of a class in a common habitat. Manuscript profile
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        114 - The Profile and Concentration of Fatty Acids in Aquaculture Fish in the Samenolaemeh Pond in Qom
        P. Abomahbob R. Mousavi Nadoushan
        Fish is one of the most significant and valuable food resources that plays an important role in nutraceutical foods and is the most important source of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), in particular n-3 fatty acids. Increasing fish consumption is the only realistic w More
        Fish is one of the most significant and valuable food resources that plays an important role in nutraceutical foods and is the most important source of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), in particular n-3 fatty acids. Increasing fish consumption is the only realistic way to increase the beneficial PUFAs and to create more favorable W-6: W-3 in the human food diet. The objective of this project was to determine the fatty acid composition of the muscle tissue of three species of brackish water fish, carp fish, white fish and beluga. In all three types of fish, oleic acid (C18:1c) concentration was the highest. The highest levels of PUFA found in beluga and white fish was linoleic acid (C18:2c) and in carp fish, docosahexaenoic acid (C22:6).   The results showed that the saturated fatty acid in the studied species were 47, 50.2, 24.45 percent respectively. The results for PUFAwas 8.9, 15.9, and 40.73 percent and finally for MUFA were 45.6, 34.4, and 34.9 percent of total fatty acids, respectively. The W6:W3 ratio in these fish species was 0.64, 0.74, and 2.99 respectively. The total amount of fatty acids was analyzed using GC/MS and results were statistically analyzed using analysis of variance method (one - way ANOVA). No significant difference was observed among three studied species of fish (P>0.05). In all three species the unsaturated fatty acid levels were higher than the saturated fatty acid levels and according to their W6:W3 ratio, all three species are considered to be valuable sources of nutrition.  Manuscript profile
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        115 - Production of live food enriching suspensions
        Y. Asadpor Ousalou
        Enrichment of live-food for aquatics, to enhance their nutritional value, is essential for fish aquaculture. Accordingly, various commercial suspensions are prepared and are available in the world. These suspensions are widely used in Iranian aquaculture. In this study, More
        Enrichment of live-food for aquatics, to enhance their nutritional value, is essential for fish aquaculture. Accordingly, various commercial suspensions are prepared and are available in the world. These suspensions are widely used in Iranian aquaculture. In this study, in order to prepare similar suspensions in the Research Institute, analysis of foreign suspension was done. In this study Artemia nauplii were used as the representative live-food. Shark liver oil and extraction of sunflower oil and other substances were also used. Suspensions were compared with the control sample via various tests. Live foods were enriched with fatty acids in the suspensions as defined according to standard procedures. The results showed that the enriching percent of these suspensions in control nauplii and research center enriched nauplii were 3±37 and 25 ± 3, respectively. Then the influence of live enriched Artemia nauplii on 500 new feed trout larvae in 4 treatments were experimented for a 30 days period, to evaluate the biometric factors. The results showed that treatments 1 and 2 significantly differed compared with the treatments 3 and 4 in survival, growth rate, the total length and the abnormalities. However, no significant difference was observed between treatment 3 and 4 together. Final research results suggest that the prepared suspension containing essential fatty acids similar to foreign samples was successful in all field trials.          Manuscript profile
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        116 - A Study on the Effect of Dry Candy Processing on Fatty Acids in Silver Carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) and their Shelf Life in Cold Conditions
        S. Moeini R. Mosavi Nadoshan S. Aghayipour
        The fatty acid profile of fresh and dry candy fish of Hypophtalmichthys molitirix were identified and effects of the dry candy on them were investigated. In addition, the shelf life of dry candy of the fish was found in cold conditions (3-4ºC). The profile of fatty More
        The fatty acid profile of fresh and dry candy fish of Hypophtalmichthys molitirix were identified and effects of the dry candy on them were investigated. In addition, the shelf life of dry candy of the fish was found in cold conditions (3-4ºC). The profile of fatty acids in fresh and dry candy samples were identified and measured using a GC instrument equipped with a FID detector. The fatty acid content in initial samples for SFA, MUFA and PUFA were 27/5± 0/2, 46/39± 0/5 and 26/11± 0/1 %, respectively. During a 90-day storage, the percentage changes of dry candy samples were, for SFA (27/82± 0/7 to 33/69± 0/84), MUFA (46/77± 0/2 to 46/39± 0/2) and PUFA (26/11± 0/2 to 17/45± 0/2) which were statistically significant (p>0/05). During the 90 days of storage, temperature was about 3-4ºC, the peroxide changed from 3/08± 0/02 to 6/10± 0/02 and reached 5/48 meq O2kg -1. In conclusion, the shelf life of dry candy flesh of this fish in cold conditions was predicted to be one month. Manuscript profile
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        117 - Identification of fatty acids composition in fresh and frozen silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) for determination of its shelf life at -18ْc
        A. R. Najafi N. Beheshtiseresht
        In this work, after extraction and methylation of the lipids form silver carp tissues in fresh and frozen stages and their changes during 6 months in -18°C, identification of fatty acids of the samples were done by gas chromatography (Shymatsv HSSA4). Results of thi More
        In this work, after extraction and methylation of the lipids form silver carp tissues in fresh and frozen stages and their changes during 6 months in -18°C, identification of fatty acids of the samples were done by gas chromatography (Shymatsv HSSA4). Results of this investigation showed that amounts of unsaturated and saturated fatty acids in fresh samples were 70/95% and 28/95% respectively. In fresh tissues the amount of oleic acid was 30/16%, and Iino leice amount was 11/44%. Alpfa – lino lenice acide was 4/41%, Gcosapanethanoic was 6/42% and docosa hexanoic was 6/15%. These were the most important poly-saturated fatty acids. But after six months of freezing at -18° c the amounts of these fatty acids decreased to 10/02%, 3/18%, 2/97%, 1/05% and 1/02% respectively. Results showed a decrease in freezing condition of fatty acids. Based on these results, the best storage for frozen fish in -18°C is four months. These results were subjected to tests of Tukey and Analysis of Variance and were significant at the level of 95%.   Manuscript profile
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        118 - Identification of fatty acids in Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus myksis) marinade in sauce and determination of its shelf life in 90 days
        S. Ahmadpour S. Moeini
        Manuscript profile
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        119 - Effect of vitamin C on changes in fat and fatty acids in frozen fillet and vacuum package of Alosa caspia caspia
        F. Ansarifard M. Khani S. Moeini M. Hadayatifard
        In these research 9 samples of Alosia caspia from Caspian Sea, were collected in winter 2009. Main idea of this research was to find fatty acid effect of vitamin C on vacuum packaging and effect of freezing condition chang on fatty acids during the storage in refrigerat More
        In these research 9 samples of Alosia caspia from Caspian Sea, were collected in winter 2009. Main idea of this research was to find fatty acid effect of vitamin C on vacuum packaging and effect of freezing condition chang on fatty acids during the storage in refrigerator under -18 about 120days. Results showed that  by adding vitamin C on sample which contain %5 had less changes comparing to %1 doses. Total none saturated fatty acids in base sample. And samples containing 1 and 5 percents vitamin C during 120days, were %36.87, %40.45, %38.33and total of unsaturated fatty acids were:48.73,38.16,41.35. In a same order amounts of fat were %2.82, %2.49, %2.62, also amounts of protein were %17.1, %16.60, %16.55. Ranges of moisture were: 77.35%, 88.05%, 79.15% and amounts of ash were:1.7%, 1.25%, 1.23%.Result of statistical analysis showed values of (p<0.05) less than 0.05. Manuscript profile
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        120 - Optimization of L-asparaginase production using native soil-isolated Bacillus sp. and evaluation of its anticancer activity
        Forough Rahnamay Roodposhti Leila Asadpour Mahdi Shahriarinour Behnam Rasti Sajjad Gharaghani
        10.30495/jmw.2022.1967544.2035
        Background and Objectives: Bacteria are one of the most important sources of L-asparaginase (ASNase) production which is used as an anticancer agent in the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia worldwide. This study aimed to optimize the ASNase production by bacteri More
        Background and Objectives: Bacteria are one of the most important sources of L-asparaginase (ASNase) production which is used as an anticancer agent in the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia worldwide. This study aimed to optimize the ASNase production by bacteria isolated from the soil in northern Iran, and to determine its anti-cancer activity.  Materials and Methods: ASNase production by bacterial strains isolated from forest soil samples in Guilan Province, northern Iran was investigated. The optimized condition of enzyme production, kinetics, effect of activators and inhibitors and anticancer activity of the partially purified L-asparaginase against MCF-7 cell lines were studied. Results: A promising ASNase producing isolate, was identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing as Bacillus sp. The glutaminase activity of the enzyme was found to be 5.9 times lower than its asparaginase activity and the enzyme showed affinity for L-asparagine with a Km value and Vmax of 0.055M and 35.71 µM/mL/min, respectively. The current ASNase enzyme was stable from pH 6.5 to 8.5 and stable up to 55°C. ASNase activity was not significantly affected by the presence of two metal ions Na+, K+; Mg2+ showed enhancement in enzyme activity, while Ca2+ decreased it. Anticancer activity of the purified L-asparaginase was detected against MCF-7 cell lines with IC50 of 21µg/ml. Conclusion: The soil isolate Bacillus sp. was identified as a candidate for L-asparaginase production. The future prospect of this enzyme recommends its utility in pharmaceutical and food industry.   Manuscript profile
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        121 - Optimization of fatty acids produced by Candida glabrata isolated frome soil
        Elahe Tajedini Mahboobeh Madani Masoud Fouladgar Rasoul Mohammadi Ali Zarei Mahmoudabadi
        10.30495/jmw.2022.1954786.2014
        Background & Objectives: Oils extracted from microorganisms (SCO) are preferable to vegetable oils due to containing more gamma-linolenic acid, more stability against oxidation, and less content of residual pesticides. The oils can be used as dietary supplements. Th More
        Background & Objectives: Oils extracted from microorganisms (SCO) are preferable to vegetable oils due to containing more gamma-linolenic acid, more stability against oxidation, and less content of residual pesticides. The oils can be used as dietary supplements. The aim of this study was molecular identification of lipid-producing yeasts and molds in soil and optimization of fat production by Candida glabrata using the Taguchi design.Materials & Methods: Several yeasts and molds were isolated from the soil samples of groves and near oil change shops and restaurants. Molecular identification was performed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Among them, the highest lipid producers were selected and using the Taguchi design. The best conditions in terms of carbon and nitrogen sources as well as pH for maximum lipid production were determined. The fat obtained was examined by gas chromatography with a mass spectrometer detector (GC-MS).Results: Among the identified species, C. glabrata had the highest lipid production. Production of palmitoleic, palmitic, linoleic, linolenic, and stearic acid was proven in this study. Lipid production in C. glabrata and Mortierella alpina was 6.9 and10.8 grams per litre, respectively.Conclusion: Due to the rapid reproduction in yeasts and their ability to produce fatty acids, C. glabrata is a suitable option for fat production.  Manuscript profile
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        122 - Nutritional Value and Acceptability of some Selected Forages in the Derived Savanna Zone of Nigeria as Ruminant Feed
        Oluwatosin Omotoso Opeyemi Olatunji Olawale Obameso Ayodele Odufoye Adebowale Fajemisin Adebayo Alokan
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        123 - In vitro Gas Production and Fermentation Parameters of Some Plants Species Collected from Algerian Arid Rangelands
        Souhil Boufennara Samir Medjekal Lyas Bouazza Amal Hamedellou Ibtissem Bella Nour Elhouda Ayeb Secunino Lopez
        10.30495/rs.2022.681818
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      • Open Access Article

        124 - Evaluation of Pomological Traits and Fatty Acid Composition of Some Persian Walnut (Juglans regia L.) Cultivars in Bursa, Turkey
        Umran Erturk Sevil Yucel Dilan Ahi Koşar M.Batuhan Koşar Hacer Akturk
        10.22034/jon.2020.1883280.1073
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      • Open Access Article

        125 - Nutritional Value and Physical Properties of Syrian Pine Nuts
        Hamza Radhi Shad Emad Mahmood Al-Mualm Saif A. J. Al-Shalah Talib Kh. Hussein Ghadaa Tarak Zedian Khattab Fawwaz
        10.22034/jon.2022.1968627.1199
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        126 - Pomological and Phenological Description of the New ‘Bahri Koz’ Cultivar of Walnut (Juglans regia L.) and Its Nutritional Value
        Mehmet Sütyemez Şakir Burak Bükücü Akide Özcan
        10.22034/jon.2022.1952690.1154
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        127 - Effects of Almond Genotype and Growing Location on Oil Percentage and Fatty Acid Composition of its Seeds
        M. Abaspour A. Imani T. Hassanlo
        10.22034/jon.2013.515709
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        128 - Determination of Nutritional Value and Oxidative Stability of Fresh Walnut
        Najmeh Chatrabnous Navid Yazdani Kourosh Vahdati
        10.22034/jon.2018.540862
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        129 - Evaluation of Protein, Fat and Fatty Acids Content of the Pistachio (pistacia vera l.) Cultivars of Damghan, Iran
        A Abdoshahi S.A Mortazavi A.A Shabani A.H Elhamirad M Taheri
        10.22034/jon.2011.515733
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        130 - Oil Content and Fatty Acid Profile of some Pine Nuts Species (Pinus spp.)
        Vida Meshgi Hossein Ali Asadi-Gharneh
        10.22034/jon.2019.664765
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      • Open Access Article

        131 - Investigation on nutritional value and fatty acid composition of the black Pomfret Parastromateus niger muscle tissue in Bushehr coasts
        Esmaeil Pagheh Mohammad Eslami
        Black pomfret is the species with high commercial value in the Persian Gulf and the Oman Sea. This study was aimed to determine nutritional value and fatty acid composition in the muscle of this fish. 12 fish pieces with mean weight 754 gram purchased from Bushehr fishi More
        Black pomfret is the species with high commercial value in the Persian Gulf and the Oman Sea. This study was aimed to determine nutritional value and fatty acid composition in the muscle of this fish. 12 fish pieces with mean weight 754 gram purchased from Bushehr fishing ground were evaluated. Crude protein, crude lipid, ash and moisture contents were measured using AOAC (1990) standard methods, and fatty acid composition analyzed using Murph (1993) method. The results showed that the mean of crude protein, crude lipid, ash and moisture contents in the meat of this fish was 21.38, 0.25, 1.62 and 72.06 percent respectively. 29 fatty acids identified in the muscle of this species among which saturated fatty acids, mono unsaturated fatty acids and poly unsaturated fatty acids contents were 35.19, 16.73 and 41.24 percent of total fatty acids respectively. The most abundant saturated fatty acids, mono unsaturated fatty acids and poly unsaturated fatty acids were palmitic acid (20.14 percent), oleic acid (11.91 percent) and docosa hexaenoic acid (23.37 percent) respectively. The ω3 to ω6 and poly unsaturated fatty acids to saturated fatty acids ratios were 12.9 and 1.20 respectively. The results showed that this species is an excellent source of protein and lean fish but contain high amounts of ω3 and poly unsaturated fatty acids therefore can consume in Iranian families as a safe and nutritious seafood. Manuscript profile
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        132 - The effect of gelatin coating on fatty acid and proximate composition of Otlithes ruber(Bloch & schneider,1801) during refrigerated-storage(4 ± 1 ° C)
        mahboobeh hassanzadeh
        The protective properties of gelatin have caused it to be used as a strong coating for fish, which are important sources of protein to humans. In this study, the effect of gelatin coating in the composition of the fatty acid and the chemical compounds of the body Weakfi More
        The protective properties of gelatin have caused it to be used as a strong coating for fish, which are important sources of protein to humans. In this study, the effect of gelatin coating in the composition of the fatty acid and the chemical compounds of the body Weakfishes (Otlithes ruber) were carried out during 20 days of preservation at a temperature of 4 ± 1° C. the treatments included raw, treatment of gelatin and Gelatin-free treatment, for this purpose samples were coated with a concentration of 10 % of gelatin and then they were packed inside plastic bags and stored at 4 c in the laboratory refrigerator. in the days of 0 - 5 - 10 – 15, three replicates and 3 treatments were tested and the index changes were determined by tiobarbitoric acid, peroxide, approximate analysis, fatty acids. the results of this study showed that there was no significant difference in body composition influenced by gelatin and other group(P > 0.05). The results of the oxidation index showed that the oxidation rate in samples containing gelatin coating was higher than the observed sample. saturated fatty acids(SFA) were the main class of fatty acids followed by Monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) and polyunsaturated (PUFA). In general coated slices (CS) had higher content of EPA and DHA when compared to non-coated slices (NCS). The results of the beneficial effects of gelatin as a natural and safe cover in fish meat. Manuscript profile
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        133 - Physicochemical and Organoleptic Properties of Lighvan Cheese Fortified with Protulaca Oleracea Seed Oil
        Majid Keyvani Marzieh Bolandi
        10.22034/jchr.2018.544089
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      • Open Access Article

        134 - The Effect of Aluminium on Antibacterial Properties and the Content of Some Fatty Acids in Microalgae, Chlorella vulgaris Beijernick, under Heterotrophic and Autotrophic Conditions
        Hossein Abbaspour Sahar Soleymanian
        10.22034/jchr.2017.544165
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      • Open Access Article

        135 - Evaluation of Medical Metabolites in Boraginaceae Family
        Golnaz Taravati Nahid Masoudian Asadollah Gholamian
        10.22034/jchr.2018.544057
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      • Open Access Article

        136 - Chemical Composition of Hexane Extract of Different Parts of Anthemis talyschensis and its Potential to Use in Sunscreen Products
        Alireza Motavalizadehkakhky Ali Shafaghat Jamshid Mehrzad Masoud Shafaghatlonbar Farzaneh Azimi Zohreh Ebrahimi Abollfazl Sakeri
        10.22034/jchr.2016.544147
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        137 - The Influence of Fish Oil Supplementation on the Adverse Effects of Chemotherapy in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma
        Radhwan M. Hussein Adil Tawfeeq Mohammed Duha Mahdi Hussein Ali Abdulhussain Fadhil Muzahem Shallal Al-Ani Suhail Bayati Ahmed Abbas Sahib
        10.22034/jchr.2022.697645
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      • Open Access Article

        138 - Comparative Study of Pituitary Extract, LHRH, and Thyroxine on Sex steroids, Histochemistry and (Labeo rohita) Producing Fatty Acids
        Ehsan Eslamizadeh Hadideh Mabudi Laleh Roomiani Mehran Javaheri Baboli Mojdeh Cheleh Mal Dezfooli Nezhad
        10.22034/ascij.2022.1934909.1269
        This study aimed at assessing the comparative effect of pituitary hormones, LHRH, and thyroxine on hormonal indices and ovarian fatty acids of Labeo rohita. Blood samples were taken before injection, between the first and second injection, after the second injection and More
        This study aimed at assessing the comparative effect of pituitary hormones, LHRH, and thyroxine on hormonal indices and ovarian fatty acids of Labeo rohita. Blood samples were taken before injection, between the first and second injection, after the second injection and after ovulation, using a 5 ml plastic syringe from the tail stem. According to the measurement results, at the time between the first and second injections, after the second injection and after ovulation, the levels of estradiol, testosterone, 17-alpha hydroxy progesterone, cortisol and LH reached their peak levels in the pituitary and treatment receiving 50 μg dose had the lowest body weight in treatments receiving LHRH and control (P <0.05). Among thyroxine-receiving treatments, increasing thyroxine levels could significantly increase the hormones stimulating the maturation process (P <0.05). Pituitary receiving treatment and thyroxine receiving 50 μg per body weight had the highest amount of ovarian protein (P <0.05), with 16.70 and 15.99% dry weight and two LHRH and control treatments had the lowest ovarian protein level (P <0.05). Regarding fat, thyroxine-receiving treatments had a significantly higher amount compared to pituitary, LHRH, and control (P <0.05). The highest amount of saturated fatty acids (ΣSUF) with values ​​of 63.15 and 58.73% of dry weight to the pituitary receiving treatment and receiving 50 μg per body weight and the lowest amount of this parameter with 54.55 and 50.14% dry weight belonged to the control and LHRH recipient, respectively. C17: 1 and C18: 1n9c fatty acids in the range of 3.43-4.77 and 3.28-5.40% of dry weight and C24: 1n9 fatty acids in the range of 0.03-0.18% by dry weight had the highest and lowest levels of unsaturated fatty acids (ΣPUF), respectively. Both pituitary and 50 μg treatments of thyroxine had higher total omega-6 (Σω6) and 3 (Σω3) fatty acids (P <0.05). The results of the present study revealed that pituitary hormone followed by thyroxine at a dose of 50 μg per body weight compared to low doses of thyroxine and LHRH were more effective in increasing the level of sex hormones involved in the process of sexual maturation and the combination of acids.  Manuscript profile
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        139 - The Effect of Linseed Oil and Ginger Powder on Production Performance and Egg Yolk Fatty Acid Profile in Broiler Chickens
        Amin Kazemizadeh Khalil Mirzadeh Ali Aghaei Zarbakht Ansari Pirsaraei
        10.22034/ascij.2023.1972554.1441
        The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of flaxseed oil and ginger powder on production performance and egg yolk fatty acid profile in broiler hens during three periods of 28 days. Number 200 pieces of Ross 308 broiler chicken with 45 weeks of age and in a c More
        The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of flaxseed oil and ginger powder on production performance and egg yolk fatty acid profile in broiler hens during three periods of 28 days. Number 200 pieces of Ross 308 broiler chicken with 45 weeks of age and in a completely random factorial design (2×4) including 2 levels of ginger (zero and 1.5%) and two levels of flax (zero, 1, 2 and 3%) in 8 experimental treatments 5 replications of 5 hens per replication were performed. Only in the period of 28 to 56 and 56 to 84 days, egg production was affected by ginger powder and flax oil and their mutual effects (P<0.05). In the whole period, only ginger powder and the mutual effects of ginger powder and flax oil increased egg production (P<0.05). In none of the periods, linseed oil and the simultaneous effects of ginger powder and linseed oil had no effect on egg weight (P>0.05), and only the effects of ginger powder in the period 56 to 84 days were significant, which caused a decrease in egg weight (P<0.05). Egg mass measurement was affected by ginger powder and linseed oil and their simultaneous effects only in the period of 28 to 56 and 56 to 84 days and the whole period (P<0.05). Consumption of flaxseed oil and ginger powder and flaxseed oil at the same time led to a significant increase in egg yolk fatty acids and a significant decrease in the ratio of omega-6 to omega-3 (P<0.05). In general, supplementing the diet of mother hens with 1.5% level of ginger and 2% level of linseed oil has a positive effect on production performance and egg yolk fatty acid profile. Manuscript profile
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        140 - The Relation of Chemical Blend, Diet Fatty Acids and Filet of Oncorhynchus mykiss in the Growth Period
        M. Salehi M. Ghaeni M. Javaheri Babeli
        In this survey, the influence of protein diminution and increscent of diet lipid on chemical blend and fatty acids of filet (in three weights, 10-25 gr, 25-75 gr and 130-300 gr) in Oncorhynchus mykiss was studied. Accordingly, between the total length, and standard leng More
        In this survey, the influence of protein diminution and increscent of diet lipid on chemical blend and fatty acids of filet (in three weights, 10-25 gr, 25-75 gr and 130-300 gr) in Oncorhynchus mykiss was studied. Accordingly, between the total length, and standard length and the weight of three filets, there was a great difference (P >0.05). The maximum amount of protein (18.6%) found in 150-250 gr filets and its lipid was 2.3%. The minimum amount of protein (17.05%) was measured in 15-25 gr filets with 46.2% lipid. The maximum amount of ash in 150-250 gr size was 1%, and its minimum amount was measured in 50-70 gr size as 0.53%. As for the saturated fatty acids (MUFA), the maximum amounts were measured in the filet of 150-250 gr fishes, and its minimum amount was found in the filet of 15-25 gr fishes (P>0.05). In fatty acids (PUFA), the maximum amounts of these acids were measured in filet of 150-250 gr fishes, and its minimum amount was in filet of 15-25 gr as (0.27%). This proportion (DHA/EPA) showed that the increase of size of fish is caused this proportion to be increased. The diminution of diet protein had no negative effect on the growth of fish, and as for the cost of protein, it can be decreased in diet and replaced with lipid. O. mykiss especially, 130-300 gr filets because of having valuable protein and fatty acids, in contrast to two another filets (15-25 gr and 50-70 gr) are very valuable in feeding.   Manuscript profile
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        141 - Comparison of corpus analysis and of fatty acid profiles between rainbow trout of river and farm (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and red speckled trout (Salmo trutta fario) from Haraz River
        Niloofar Fallah Mehrnoush Norouzi Taghi Mohammadi Fotemi
        The purpose of this study was to determine the chemical composition and fatty acid profile of muscle tissue in three groups of salmonids including:Rainbow trout river and farmed (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and red speckled trout (Salmo trutta fario(.A total of 27 rainbow trou More
        The purpose of this study was to determine the chemical composition and fatty acid profile of muscle tissue in three groups of salmonids including:Rainbow trout river and farmed (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and red speckled trout (Salmo trutta fario(.A total of 27 rainbow trout of river and red speckled trout from the river Haraz and farmed fish were sampled from around the Haraz River. The samples were transferred frozen to the laboratory. The carcass composition biometry was conducted and then the fatty acid profiles were prepared with three replications. According to biometric and carcass analysis (ash, moisture, protein and fat), there was no significant difference between the three groups (P <0.05).The highest amount of saturated fatty acids content of (SFA) 24.85 ± 0.87, monounsaturated (MUFA) of 48.33 ± 1.06 and polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) of 45.95 in river trout, speckled red and farmed there was a significant difference between the three species (p < 0.05). But in the omega-3, omega-6 EPA and DHA, there was no significant difference between species. The ratio of ω-3/ω-6 was higher than one in all species. The highest ratio of ω-3/ω-6 were observed in farmed trout 3.30± 0/625, red spotted trout 2.44± 0.458 and river trout 2.36± 0.706. In all three groups of ω-3/ω-6 was higher than the recommended dose of experts. Based on the results a river trout, farmed and red speckled trout are very rich in nutritional value. Manuscript profile
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        142 - Considering fatty acids changes of body composition of (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) during the embryonic and larval stages
        Shokofeh Mehdi Zaree
        In the recent years, the proliferation of fish and native fish in the world has been of particular interest. Hypophthal michthys molitrix is one of the important species of breeding native fish and lives in Amor river basin. Because of the importance of this kind of fis More
        In the recent years, the proliferation of fish and native fish in the world has been of particular interest. Hypophthal michthys molitrix is one of the important species of breeding native fish and lives in Amor river basin. Because of the importance of this kind of fish, it is necessary recognize  its  physiological status. During the embryonic and larval development of most species of this fish, development and marketing of energy depends on the yolk reserves which are transported by the producers. The larval and survival growth depends on access to the foreign food in sufficient quantities and of good quality after the yolk sac is absorbed. Given the amount and composition of fat in the yolk, the timing and amount of fat burning can be used to produce fatty acids of different changes. For example, some researches are done about percafluviati and oncorhynchus mykiss. After considering the role of fatty acids in growth, survival and quality of larvae to identify process changes in the fatty acid composition during the early stages of development of silver carp, knowing the exact combination of feeding high quality for the active feeding as well as breeding producers is being required.  Manuscript profile
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        143 - Effect of organic and chemical fertilizers on quantitative and qualitative oil and Grain yield in Camelina sativa L. as a medicinal plant
        firouzeh Khalatbari Mokaram hamidreza Chaghazardi danial Kahrizi hossain Rostami Ahmadvandi
        The use of organic fertilizers is very important in sustainable agriculture. Accordingly, this experiment was conducted to evaluate the Camelina sativa (DH1025 line) plant response to chemical and organic (sheep and cattle manure) fertilizers. And their impact on quanti More
        The use of organic fertilizers is very important in sustainable agriculture. Accordingly, this experiment was conducted to evaluate the Camelina sativa (DH1025 line) plant response to chemical and organic (sheep and cattle manure) fertilizers. And their impact on quantitative and qualitative yields. The experiment was carried out based on a complete randomized design with 5 replications in fall 2016 in the village of Zalkah, Mahedasht, Kermanshah Province, Iran. The experiment was carried out in 4 treatments including: control (without fertilizer), full fertilizer (150 kg ha-1), sheep and cow manure (both 50 tons per hectare). In this research, quantitative and qualitative yields and biochemical traits were evaluated. The results of data analysis showed that the use of cow manure had a significant effect on grain yield. There was a significant difference between fertilizer treatments on fatty acids. The cow manure indicated the highest effect palmitic acid, oleic, linoleic and arachidic acid which was 1.8%, 8%, 0.81%,6/6% respectively. The cow manure fertilizer showed the lowest effect on stearic  acid( 4.57% lower than the control). Also, cow manure treatment reduced the amount of Erusic acid to 12.93% lower than the control, which is a significant nutritional result.   Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        144 - Investigating the effect of foliar application of micronutrient fertilizers and humic acid on sesame yield in Gorgan
        مریم Taheri Nejad حسین Ajamnourozi محمدرضا Ajamnourozi
        In order to determine the effect of foliar application of micronutrient fertilizers and humic acid consumption on the yield and yield components of sesame in the delayed planting date, an experiment was conducted in the research farm of Iraqi Mahalle station in the crop More
        In order to determine the effect of foliar application of micronutrient fertilizers and humic acid consumption on the yield and yield components of sesame in the delayed planting date, an experiment was conducted in the research farm of Iraqi Mahalle station in the crop year of 2022. This research was carried out as a completely randomized block design with 9 treatments in 3 replications in the research farm of the Iraqi Mahalle. In each plot, 5 rows were planted, the distance between rows was 40 cm and the distance between replications was 3 meters. The studied traits included plant height, harvest index, seed yield, thousand seed weight and biological yield. The results obtained from this study showed that the treatment with humic acid + micronutrient, control and control + irrigation fertilizer + humic acid fertilizer had the highest biological performance, and the lowest biological performance was related to humic acid irrigation fertilizer and irrigation fertilizer + micronutrient. Also, the weight of one thousand seeds in the control group and the eighth treatment was significantly lower compared to other treatments. These results show that the use of micronutrient fertilizers and humic acid could significantly increase the weight of a thousand seeds. Finally, the seed yield was significantly higher in control, control + humic acid seed, and control + humic acid seed + micronutrient than other treatments. These results show that application of humic acid has better effects on grain yield than other treatments. Manuscript profile
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        145 - Physicochemical Characteristics and Fatty Acid Profile of Meat and Adipose Tissue from Lambs Fed Diets with Different Levels of Pomegranate Seed Oil
        A.R.  Karampour R.  Naseri Harsini F.  Kafilzadeh
        Twenty-one male Sanjabi lambs (body weight (BW)=27.5±2.6 kg, 3-month-old), were used to study the effects of diet supplementation with pomegranate seed oil (PSO) on the performance, carcass and meat quality, and fatty acid composition of muscle and subcutaneous fat. Lam More
        Twenty-one male Sanjabi lambs (body weight (BW)=27.5±2.6 kg, 3-month-old), were used to study the effects of diet supplementation with pomegranate seed oil (PSO) on the performance, carcass and meat quality, and fatty acid composition of muscle and subcutaneous fat. Lambs were randomly distributed be-tween three treatments (0, 2, and 4% of dry matter (DM) pomegranate seed oil) and were fed for 90 days before slaughter. Average daily feed intake (g/d) increased by pomegranate seed oil inclusion in diet (P<0.05). Hot carcass weight (HCW) and cold carcass weight (CCW), weight of fat depots, subcutaneous fat depth, longissimus thoracis area and weight of carcass cuts, were not affected by pomegranate seed oil. Colour lightness (L*) index and fat content of longissimus thoracis muscle increased by 4% pomegranate seed oil supplementation (P<0.05); however, moisture, protein and ash content of muscle did not affect. Addition of pomegranate seed oil to lamb’s diet slightly affected fatty acid profile of longissimus thoracis muscle and couldn’t change the total amount of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), and the n-6/n-3 or polyunsaturated fatty acids/saturated fatty acids (SFA) ratios. Pomegranate seed oil supplementation sig-nificantly increased total polyunsaturated fatty acids n-3 and n-6 content and significantly decreased n-6/n-3 ratio in subcutaneous fat (P<0.05). In conclusion, the results obtained in current study suggest that addition of up to 4% pomegranate seed oil to fattening lambs diet have potential to increase some polyunsaturated fatty acids content and decrease n-6/n-3 ratio of carcass deposited fats without negative impact on fattening performance, carcass traits, and colour stability of meat. Manuscript profile

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