Fatty acid profile and heavy metal (copper, chromium and cobalt) content in animal oils in Ilam province
Subject Areas :
Food Science and Technology
S. Gholami Gilani
1
,
A. Taheri
2
,
Gh. Gholami Gilani
3
,
M. Shahmari
4
1 - M.Sc Graduate, Department of Food Science and Technology, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
2 - Assistant professor, Department of Chemistry, Ilam branch, Islamic Azad University, Ilam, Iran
3 - Assistant professor, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urumia University, Urumia, Iran
4 - Assistant professor, Department of Food and Drug, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
Received: 2019-09-27
Accepted : 2020-03-12
Published : 2020-06-21
Keywords:
Fatty Acids,
liquid-liquid extraction,
Heavy metals,
Physicochemical indices,
Abstract :
In determining the quality of oils, heavy metal content, physical-chemical indices, and fatty acid profile, especially trans fatty acids are important factors. In this study, animal oil samples of different regions of Ilam province studied. After digestion and extraction by microwave-assisted acid digestion, the heavy metals content of the samples measured by an improved flame atomic absorption spectroscopy method. Moreover, after extraction and derivatization of the oils, the fatty acid profile was analyzed by gas chromatography. To facilitate the conclusion of the data obtained, samples of different regions of the province are divided into three parts: northern, southern, and central cities. According to the results, copper, cobalt, and chromium levels were reported in the range of 0.04-4.47, 0.02-2.33, and 0.02-3.54 mg/kg, respectively, which were below the maximum permissible levels. It was revealed that using the modified gas chromatography method, it is possible to separate and measure 27 fatty acids simultaneously. Besides, an acceptable degree of extraction of oleic and linoleic acid is extracted to calculate the cis and trans isomers, which was achieved.
References:
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· Tchounwou, P.B., Yedjou, C.G., Patlolla, A.K. and Sutton, D.J. (2012). Heavy metal toxicity and the environment. Molecular, Clinical and Environmental Toxicolog, 133-164.
· Tricon, S. and Yaqoob, P. (2006). Conjugated linoleic acid and human health: a critical evaluation of the evidence. Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition & Metabolic Care, 9(2): 101: 105-110.
· Turan, S., Topcu, A., Karabulut, I., Vural, H. and Hayaloglu, A.A. (2007). Fatty acid, triacylglycerol, phytosterol, and tocopherol variations in kernel oil of Malatya apricots from Turkey. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, 55(26): 10787-10794.
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_||_
· Al-khalifah, A. and Al-kahtani, H. (1993). Composition of ghee (Samn Barri's) from cow's and sheep's milk. Food Chemistry, 46(4): 373-375.
· Alisher, K.K., Khamza, T.S. and Ikbol, Y.S. (2019). Quantum-chemical study of geometric and energy characteristics of some bases of shiff gossipol. Progress in Chemical and Biochemical Research, 2(1): 1-5.
· Blasi, F., Montesano, D., De angelis, M., Maurizi, A., Ventura, F., Cossignani, L., Simonetti, M. and Damiani, P. (2008). Results of stereospecific analysis of triacylglycerol fraction from donkey, cow, ewe, goat and buffalo milk. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 21(1): 1-7.
· Brown, S.A., Morrisett, J.D., Boerwinkle, E., Hutchinson, R. and Patsch, W. (1993). The relation of lipoprotein [a] concentrations and apolipoprotein [a] phenotypes with asymptomatic atherosclerosis in subjects of the atherosclerosis risk in communities (ARIC) Study. Arteriosclerosis and Thrombosis: A Journal of Vascular Biology, 13(11): 1558-1566.
· Brühl, L. (1997). Official Methods and Recommended Practices of the American Oil Chemist's Society, Physical and Chemical Characteristics of Oils, Fats and Waxes, Section I. Ed. The AOCS Methods Editor and the AOCS Technical Department. 54 pages. AOCS Press, Champaign, Lipid / Fett, 99, pp: 197-197.
· Dashti, N., Feng, Q., Freeman, M.R., Gandhi, M. and Franklin, F.A. (2002). Trans polyunsaturated fatty acids have more adverse effects than saturated fatty acids on the concentration and composition of lipoproteins secreted by human hepatoma HepG2 cells. The Journal of Nutrition, 132(9): 2651-2659.
· Dini, T.M. and Carapetian, Z. (2008). An investigation of physical and chemical characteristics of seed in ten sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) vareities. Iranian Journal of Biology, 20(4): 327-33.
· Filazi, A., Baskaya, R., Kum, C. and Hismiogullari, S.E. (2003). Metal concentrations in tissues of the Black Sea fish Mugil auratus from Sinop-Icliman, Turkey. Human & Experimental Toxicology, 22(2): 85-87.
· Folch, J., Lees, M. and Stanley, G.S. (1957). A simple method for the isolation and purification of total lipides from animal tissues. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 226(1): 497-509.
· Hua, T., Chunyi, L., Chaohe, Y. and Honghong, S. (2008). Alternative processing technology for converting vegetable oils and animal fats to clean fuels and light olefins. Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering, 16(3): 394-400.
· Institute of Standards and Industrial Research of Iran (ISIRI), (2014(. Animal and Vegetable Oils and Fats –Crude Corn Oil -Specifications and Test methods. 1st revision, ISIRI No. 8634. [In Persian]
· Institute of Standards and Industrial Research of Iran (ISIRI), (2014) Animal and Vegetable Oils and Fats –Crude Sunflower Oil -Specifications and Test methods. 1st revision, ISIRI No. 10086. [In Persian]
· Institute of Standards and Industrial Research of Iran (ISIRI), (2016) Animal and vegetable fats and oils - Determination of acid value and acidity -Test method. 2ed revision, ISIRI No. 4886. [In Persian]
· Institute of Standards and Industrial Research of Iran (ISIRI), (2005( Pasteurized butter Specification and test method. 6ed revision, ISIRI No. 162. [In Persian]
· Itodo, A.U., Itodo, O.M., Iornumbe, E. and Fayomi, M.O. (2019). Sorptive chelation of metals by inorganic functionalized organic WOx–EDA nanowires: adsorbent characterization and isotherm studies. Progress in Chemical and Biochemical Research, 1(1): 50-59.
· Jalilian, R. and Taheri, A. (2018). Synthesis and application of a novel core-shell-shell magnetic ion imprinted polymer as a selective adsorbent of trace amounts of silver ions. e-Polymers, 18(2): 123-134.
· Kamari, K. and Taheri, A. (2018). Preparation and evaluation of magnetic core–shell mesoporous molecularly imprinted polymers for selective adsorption of amitriptyline in biological samples. Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers, 86: 230-239.
· Lin, Q., Song, Y., Su, D., Chen, R. and Chen, W. (2005). Study on characteristic indexes of fatty acids in fish oil for feeds. Fujian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 20(2): 128-132.
· Matthan, N.R., Welty, F.K., Barrett, P.H.R., Harausz, C,. Dolnikowski, G.G., Parks, J.S., et al. (2004). Dietary hydrogenated fat increases high-density lipoprotein apoA-I catabolism and decreases low-density lipoprotein apob-100 catabolism in hypercholesterolemic women. Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology, 24(6): 1092-1097.
· Micha, R. and Mozaffarian, D. (2010). Saturated fat and cardiometabolic risk factors, coronary heart disease, stroke, and diabetes: a fresh look at the evidence. Lipids, 45(10): 893-905.
· Mohammadi, S., Taheri, A. & Rezayati-zad, Z. (2018). Ultrasensitive and selective non-enzymatic glucose detection based on pt electrode modified by carbon nanotubes@ graphene oxide/ nickel hydroxide-Nafion hybrid composite in alkaline media. Progress in Chemical and Biochemical Research, 1(1): 1-10.
· Motevalli, S.M. and Mirzajani, F. (2019). Biotic/Abiotic Stress Influences on Human Epidermal Keratinocyte Cells. Progress in Chemical and Biochemical Research, 2(1): 53-58.
· Rezayati-zad, Z., Davarani, S.S.H., Taheri, A. and Bide, Y. (2018). A yolk shell Fe3O4@PA-Ni@Pd/Chitosan nanocomposite -modified carbon ionic liquid electrode as a new sensor for the sensitive determination of fluconazole in pharmaceutical preparations and biological fluids. Journal of Molecular Liquids, 253: 233-240.
· Rosenfeld, J. (2002). Application of analytical derivatizations to the quantitative and qualitative determination of fatty acids. Analytica Chimica Acta, 465(1-2): 93-100.
· Sağdıç, O., Dönmez, M. and Demirci, M. (2004). Comparison of characteristics and fatty acid profiles of traditional Turkish yayik butters produced from goats', ewes' or cows' milk. Food Control, 15(6): 485-490.
· Salimon, J., Omar, T.A. and Salih, N. (2017). An accurate and reliable method for identification and quantification of fatty acids and trans fatty acids in food fats samples using gas chromatography. Arabian Journal of Chemistry, 10: S1875-S1882.
· Silvestre, C.I., Santos, J.L., Lima, J.L. and Zagatto, E.A. (2009). Liquid–liquid extraction in flow analysis: a critical review. Analytica chimica acta, 652(1-2): 54-65.
· Society, A.O.C. and Firestone, D. Association of Official Agricultural Chemists (AOAC), (1994). Official methods and recommended practices of the American Oil Chemists' Society, Vol. 5, pp: 2–93.
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· Tricon, S. and Yaqoob, P. (2006). Conjugated linoleic acid and human health: a critical evaluation of the evidence. Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition & Metabolic Care, 9(2): 101: 105-110.
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· Van ruth, S., Villegas, B., Akkermans, W., Rozijn, M., Van der kamp, H. and Koot, A. (2010). Prediction of the identity of fats and oils by their fatty acid, triacylglycerol and volatile compositions using PLS-DA. Food Chemistry, 118(4): 948-955.
· Willett, W. (2006). Trans fatty acids and cardiovascular disease-epidemiological data. Atherosclerosis Supplements, 7(2): 5-8.
· Woodside, J.V., Mckinley, M.C. and Young, I.S. (2008). Saturated and trans fatty acids and coronary heart disease. Current Atherosclerosis Reports, 10(6): 460-466.
