Effect of Winter Planting Date on Qualitative Traits and Yield of Spring Rapeseed (Brassica napus) Cultivars by Using Zinc Spray in Karaj Region

Subject Areas : Journal of Crop Ecophysiology

Majid  Valipour dastenaei ¹ (Ph.D. Student in Agronomy, Takestan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Takestan, Iran)
Amir Hossein  Shiranirad ² (Professor, Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Promotion Organization, Karaj, Iran)
Seyed Alireza  Valadabadi ³ (Associate Professor, Department of Agriculture, Takestan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Takestan- Iran)
Saeed  Seifzadeh ⁴ (Assistant Professor, Department of Agriculture, Takestan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Takestan- Iran)
Hamid Reza  Zakerin ⁵ (Assistant Professor, Department of Agriculture, Takestan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Takestan- Iran)

Received: 2018-10-10 Accepted : 2019-02-19 Published : 2020-01-21

Keywords: Rapeseed, Zinc, fatty acid, Winter planting date,

Abstract :

To study the effect of winter planting and zinc spraying on yield and yield components of canola (Brassica napus) cultivars, a factorial split plot experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replications was conducted for two years (2014-2015 and 2015-2016 cropping seasons) at the experimental farm of Seed and Plant Improvement Institute of Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization of Karaj, Iran.. In this experiment, winter plantings with three levels (24th February, 6th, and 16th March) and Zinc factors with two levels, including application of zinc sulfate spray and spray with pure water assigned to main plots and spring cultivars, including RGS003, Zafar, Julius, Jerry, Zabol 10, Hyola 4815 to subplots. The results of combined analyses of data showed that the effect of year, planting date, zinc spray, cultivar and planting date × cultivar interaction effects on qualitative traits (grain glycosinolate content and fatty acid percentages) in different planting dates and cultivars were significant at 1% level of probabilities. According to the results, the highest (66.89%) and lowest (66.02%) oleic acid percentages belonged to zafar and zabol10 cultivars, respectively. Planting dates × cultivar interaction effect on the glucosinolate content indicated that the lowest glucosinolate content produced by Zafar (8.313 mg.g-1) and hyola4815 (8.567 mg.g-1), when they were sown on March 16th. The results of this experiment showed that delayed planting, decreased percentages of palmitic, linoleic and oleic acids of seed oil, while increased percentages of linolenic and erousic acids and glycosinolate contents.

References:

· Anonymous. 2011. Food outlook. Global Market Analysis. Available at http://www.fao.Food outlook.com (visited 15 April 2013).

· Azizi, M., A.S. Soltani, and V. Khori Khorasani. 2006. Culture, physiology, agriculture, breeding and biotechnology, translation. Compiled De Camerre and Mc Gregor. Mashhad University Press, 230 pages. (In Persian)

· Burton, W.A., V.L. Ripley, D.A. Potts, and P.A. Salisbury. 2004. Assessment of genetic diversity in selected breeding lines and cultivars of canola quality Brassica juncea and their implications for canola breeding. Euphytica. 136: 181-192.

• · Bybordi, A., and M.J. Malakouti. 2007. Effects of zinc fertilizer on the yield and quality of two winter varieties of canola. Zinc crops. International Congress of Improving Crop Production and Human Health. 24–26 May. Istanbul. Turkey.


• · Cakmak, I. 2000. Possible roles of zinc in protecting plant cells from damage by reactive oxygen species. New Phytol. 146: 185-205


• · Carvalho, I.S., I. Miranda, and H. Pereira. 2006. Evaluation of oil composition of some crop suitable for human nutrition. Indian Journal of Crop Production. 24: 75-78.


• · Codex. 1999. Codex standard for named vegetable oils. CODEX-STAN 210-1999, 1-16.


• · Dmytryshyn, S.L., A.K. Dalai, S.T. Chaudhari, H.K. Mishra, and M.J. Reaney. 2004. Synthesis and characterization of vegetable oil derived estres evaluation for their diesel additive properties. Journal of Biological Technology. 92: 55-64.


• · Enjalbert, J.N., S. Zheng, J.J. Johnson, J.L. Mullen, P.F. Byrne, and J.K. Mc Kay. 2013. Brassicaceae germplasm diversity for agronomic and seed quality traits under drought stress. Industrial Crops and Products. 47: 176–185.


• · Fanaei, H.R., M. Galavi, A. Ghanbari Bongar, M. Solouki, and M.R. Naruoei-Rad. 2008. Effect of planting date and seeding rate on grain yield and yield components in two rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) cultivars under Sistan conditions. Iranian Journal of Crop Science. 10(2): 15-30. (In Persian).


• · Fieldsend, J.K., F.E. Murray, P.E. Bilsborrow, G.F.J. Milford, and E.J. Evans. 1991. Glucosinolate accumulation during seed development in winter sown oilseed rape (B. napus), In: Mc Gregor, D.I. (edn.). Proceedings of 8th International Rapeseed Congress, Canada Saskatoon, 686694-.


• · Gecgel, U., M. Demirci, E. Esendal, and M. Tasan. 2007. Fatty acid composition of the oil from developing seeds of different cultivars of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.). Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society. 84: 47-54.


• · Graham, A., and G.K. Mc Donald. 2000. Effects of zinc on photosynthesis and yield of wheat under heat stress. Austuralian Agronomy Conference. pp. 27-33


• · Grant, G.A., and L.D. Baily. 1998. Fertility management in canola production. Candian Joplin Science. 73: 651-870


• · Grewal, H.S., and R.D. Graham. 1999. Residual effects of sub soil zinc and oilseed rape genotype on the grain yield and distribution of zinc in wheat. Plant and Soil. 207: 29-36.


• · Hocking, P.J., and M. Stapper. 2001. Effects of sowing time and nitrogen fertilizer on canola and wheat on Indian mustard. Australian Journal of Agriculture Research. 52: 635-644.


• · Kurmi, K., and M.M. Kalita. 1992. Effects of sowing date, seed rate and method of sowing on growth, yield and oil content of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.). Agriculture Sciences. 108: 195-200


• · Morshedi, A., and H. Naghibi. 2004. Effects of foliar application of cu and zn on yield and quality of canola grain (Brassica napus L.). Journal of Agricultural Scienceand Natural Resources. 11(3): 15-22. (In Persian).


• · Munawar, M.S., S. Raja, M. Siddique, S. Niaz, and M. Amjad. 2009. The pollination by honebee (Apismellifera L.) increases yield of canola (Brassica napus L.). Pakistan Journal of Entomology. 31(2): 103-106.


• · Nasr, N., M. Khayami, R. Heidari, and R. Jamei. 2006. Genetic diversity among selected varieties of Brassica napus (Cruciferae) based on the biochemical composition of seeds. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology (JUST). 32(1): 37-40.


• · Pritchard, F.M., H.A. Eagles, R.M. Norton, S.A. Salisbury and M. Nicolas. 2000. Environmental effects on seed composition of Victorian canola. Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture. 40: 679-685


• · Pospisil, M., D. Skevin, Z. Mustapic, N. Nakic, J. Butorac, and D. Matijevic. 2007. Fatty acid composition in oil of recent rapeseed hybrids and 00-cultivars. Agriculturae Conspectus Scientificus. 72(3): 187-193.


• · Raymer, 2002. Canola: an emerging oilseed crop. J. Janick and Whipkey (eds), Trend in new crops and new uses. ASHS Press, Alexandria, VA. 122-126


• · Robertson, M.J., J.F. Holland, and R. Bambach. 2004. Response of canola and Indian mustard to sowing date in the grain belt of north-eastern Australia. Australian Experimental Journal of Agriculture. 44: 43-52.


• · Salisbury, P.A. 2002. Genetically modified canola in Australia: agronomic and environmental considerations. Australian Oilseed Federation: pp 107.


• · Shahsavari, N., H.M. Jais, and A.M. Shiranirad. 2014. Effect of zeolite and zinc on the biochemical characteristics of canola upon drought stress. Sains Malaysiana. 43(10): 1549–1555.


• · Sherma, D.K. 1992. Physiological analysis of yied variations mustard varieties under water stress and non stress conditions. Annals Agricultural Research. 13(2): 174-176.


• · Shirani rad, A.M. 2012. The study of agronomical traits of spring rapeseed cultivars in condition of differentplantings dates (Karaj region in Iran). Annals of Biological Research. 3(9): 4546-4550.

· Jabari, H. 2013. Identification of dehydration stress tolerance mechanisms in reproductive stage of rapeseed. Doctorate dissertation. Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding. Abourihan Campus.University of Tehran. ( In Persian).

· Khayawi, M., M.B. Khorshidi benam, M. Ismaili Aphtabdary, S. Azarabadi, A.S. Faramarzi,andJ. Emaratpardaz. 2010. Effect of zinc and boron sulfate on yield and some qualitative traits of two canola cultivars (Brassica napus L.). Journal of Water and Soil Science. 20(30): 45-31. (In Persian).

· Seyed Ahmadi, A.R. M.H. Gharineh, A.M. Bakhshandeh, Gh. Fathi and A. Naderi 2011. Study of phenological and growth of canola cultivars to thermal unit accumulation in three planting dates Ahvaz climate. Journal of Plant Production Research. 4(19): 116-97. (In Persian).

.   Tandon, K. 1995. Micronutrients in soil, crops, and fertilizers. Fertilizer Development and Consultation Organization, New Delhi, India