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Open Access Article
1 - Cyanobacteria are a rich source of anticancer drugs
bahareh NowruziThe increase in cancer mortality as a result of excessive use of chemical drugs has made it one of the deadliest diseases worldwide. For this reason, most of the research today is focused on natural medicinal products. As a result, the aim of this article is to review t MoreThe increase in cancer mortality as a result of excessive use of chemical drugs has made it one of the deadliest diseases worldwide. For this reason, most of the research today is focused on natural medicinal products. As a result, the aim of this article is to review the anticancer properties of cyanobacteria in the pharmaceutical and medical industry. To write this article, both the experiences and articles of the authors of the article and the latest articles available in the Web of Science, Pub Med, Google Scholar, Scopus and ScienceDirect databases have been used. Natural products are an important source of new medicinal compounds that not only have medicinal value, but are also used as building models for creating synthetic analogs. In the meantime, secondary marine metabolites extracted from cyanobacteria as a desirable source of potential new medicinal active compounds have structural diversity and diverse biological activities such as anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antimicrobial and anti-tumor properties. This review article examines the potential of compounds and metabolites of cyanobacteria as anticancer drugs and examines their chemical structure and mechanisms of actionof action. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Effect of dietary phytogenic combination (Biomin P.E.P 1000) on growth performance, nutrition and survival rate of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) fry
Shayan Ghobadi Hamed Manuchehri Seyede Mohadese Talebzade HoseiniThe aim of present study was to evaluate the effects of different levels of dietary Phytogenic combination (Biomin PEP 1000) on nutrition and growth performance and survival rate of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) fry which has done for 56 days. The exper MoreThe aim of present study was to evaluate the effects of different levels of dietary Phytogenic combination (Biomin PEP 1000) on nutrition and growth performance and survival rate of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) fry which has done for 56 days. The experiment was completely randomized design consisting four levels 0 (Control group), 1, 2, and 3 g of Biomin PEP 1000 kg-1 diet in four treatments with three replications. Twenty five specimens of grass carps fry with initial mean weight 0.51 ±0.02 g were distributed in 12 small tanks with 100 liters volumes filled with 80 liters water and fed up to satisfy. Growth parameters such as final weight, body weight increase, specific growth rate, daily food intake, feed conversion ratio and protein efficiency ratio were measured. The results were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Duncan test. According to the results, phytogenic combination (Biomin PEP 1000) addition had no significant effect in Feeding, growth performance and survival rate in any experimental levels (P>0.05). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - شناسایی ترکیبات شیمیایی موجود در ساقه برنج به روش کروماتوگرافی گازی- طیفسنجی جرمی
مجید کیائی رامین ویسی -
Open Access Article
4 - Environmental Monitoring and Assessment of Pollutants in Sports Floors
sahar razzazan bagher morsal Ali Fahiminezhad hooman bahmanpourIntroduction and Objective: Nowadays, environmental quality is considered as one of the important parameters in the management of sports spaces. The presence of environmental pollutants can affect the health and efficiency of athletes.The aim of the research is to measu MoreIntroduction and Objective: Nowadays, environmental quality is considered as one of the important parameters in the management of sports spaces. The presence of environmental pollutants can affect the health and efficiency of athletes.The aim of the research is to measure the elements and toxic compounds in the granular flooring used in the sports facilities of Shahrood city.Method: This research is applied and laboratory method.Heavy elements, monomer, free hydrocarbon and phenolic compounds were measured.To measure the pollutants, ICP-OES model Vista Pro and visible and ultraviolet spectrophotometer model 1240 mini were used.The experiments were repeated three times.Time-weighted average (OEL-TWA) was used to determine the exposure limit.Results: Free isoprene with 3400 ppm and then dioctyl phthalate with 3280 ppm included the highest amount of compounds.The highest amount of the element belonged to the heavy metal tin with 125,000 ppm and copper with 75,280 ppm, respectively.The results showed that there is a big difference between the standard and the permissible limit of pollutants with the numbers obtained from the tests.2 pollutants arsenic and chromium with "confirmed human carcinogenicity" were identified in the structure of polyurethane flooring.Silica was also identified as "pollutants suspected of carcinogenicity in humans".Lead was also identified as a "confirmed animal carcinogen of unknown relevance to humans" and 12 were assessed as "not classifiable as a human carcinogen".Conclusion: Some of the elements and compounds in the structure of sports flooring have a range higher than the standards and permissible limits of exposure, which can affect the health of users and, on the other hand, have the possibility of harming the environment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - Antibacterial activity evaluation of Ephedra Major Host acetonic, aqueous and alcoholic extracts against standard strains of E. coli, P. aeruginosa, S. aureus and S. pyogenes
P. Torabzadeh Khorasani پورداد Panahi, آذر Sabokbar علیرضا MokhtariAccording to WHO reports increase of antibacterial resistance is a growing problem in manycountries. Many efforts have been made to discover new antimicrobial compounds from variouskinds of sources such as micro-organisms, animals, and plants. One of such resources is f MoreAccording to WHO reports increase of antibacterial resistance is a growing problem in manycountries. Many efforts have been made to discover new antimicrobial compounds from variouskinds of sources such as micro-organisms, animals, and plants. One of such resources is folkmedicines. Systematic screening of them may result in the discovery of novel effectivecompounds. This study was undertaken to evaluate the growth inhibitory activity of Ephedramajor Host, an important medicinal plant with various biological activities, against pathogenicBacteria involved in common infection.Plant collection was made from district west Tehran,Iran. Extracts were obtained from arial part of plant using ethanol, acetone, methanol and water.Extract was evaporated under vacuum at 60° C. Antibacterial activities of extracts weredetermined by In Vitro bioassays using agar diffusion-method, MIC and MBC against standardstrains of Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 6538), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853),Streptococcus pyogenes (PTCC 1447) and E. coli (ATCC 8739). E. coli exhibit sensitive only toacetone extract, Pseudomonas aeruginosa was resistance to water extract. Staphylococcusaureus and Streptococcus pyogenes were sensitive to all tested extracts. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - A review of the cytotoxic, antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of nanoparticles biosynthesized from cyanobacteria
بهاره Nowruzi ملیکا Adelkhani AA AnvarSpecial features of nanoparticles such as high surface to volume ratio, homogeneous particle size, high stability and ease of production have led to their widespread use in various fields of pharmacy, dentistry, medicine, biology and materials engineering. In fact, the MoreSpecial features of nanoparticles such as high surface to volume ratio, homogeneous particle size, high stability and ease of production have led to their widespread use in various fields of pharmacy, dentistry, medicine, biology and materials engineering. In fact, the existence of many pathogenic bacteria that have created many risks in various industries, including medical equipment, dentistry, drinking water treatment and sewage treatment, is another reason for using nanoparticles to protect human health. Meanwhile, the green synthesis of nanoparticles by different strains of cyanobacteria has led to the production of environmentally friendly nanoparticles with various unique biological, physical and chemical properties. Cyanobacteria also have a variety of bioactive compounds such as pigments and enzymes that can act as regenerating and stabilizing agents in the process of producing nanoparticles. In addition, with their unique biochemical compositions that include several bioactive compounds with proven pharmacological activities, they also have potential antibacterial, antifungal, anti-algal, anti-cancer and photocatalytic properties. These properties have caused cyanobacteria to be used not only as useful natural resources, but also to be effective in the prevention and treatment of many diseases. Although many researches have been conducted in the field of biological synthesis using various microorganisms, fewer studies have focused on the use of cyanobacteria in the synthesis of nanoparticles. This article comprehensively examines the characteristics and commercial applications of nanoparticles synthesized by cyanobacteria in different fields, as well as the strategies of toxicity of nanoparticles against living cells. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - Evaluation of the effects of some biofertilizers on nutrient uptake and essential oil yield in the golden plant (Dracocephalum kotschyi Boiss) under different soil moisture regimes
Ramin Cham Seyed Ali Abtahi Mojtaba Jafarinia Jafar yasrebiDracocephalum kotschyi is one of the most important medicinal plants of the family Lamiaceae which is endangered due to unfavorable environmental conditions. Therefore, in order to investigate the effect of biofertilizers at four levels (nitroxin, super nitroplus, bioph MoreDracocephalum kotschyi is one of the most important medicinal plants of the family Lamiaceae which is endangered due to unfavorable environmental conditions. Therefore, in order to investigate the effect of biofertilizers at four levels (nitroxin, super nitroplus, biophosphorus and non-use of biofertilizer) on essential oil yield and nutrient uptake of D. kotschyi seedlings under drought stress at three levels (irrigation to completion 80, 60 and 40% of field capacity) a completely randomized design in 3 replication (each replication includes 25 pots containing one seedling) was performed in the greenhouse as a pot experiment containing cocopeat and perlite culture medium in a ratio of 1: 1. The highest amount of root nitrogen uptake (2.2 mg kg-1) and leaf nitrogen (57.5 mg kg-1) was observed in conventional irrigation treatment (irrigation treatment up to 80% of field capacity) and application of super nitroplus biofertilizer. The percentage of essential oil under mild stress increased by 77.53% compared to the control, while with the intensification of drought stress, the percentage of essential oil decreased by 94.49% compared to the control. The results of this study showed that the most increasing effect on essential oil percentage (1.1%) and essential oil yield (1.5 g plant-1) of D. kotschyi was related to inoculation with Super Nitroplus biofertilizer and mild drought stress, while cultivation of D. kotschyi under normal irrigation conditions and no biofertilizer resulted in the lowest production and yield of essential oil. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - Evaluation of cadmium accumulation and absorption of micronutrient elements in lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) under cadmium chloride stress
R. Heydari E. Mohajel Kazemi H. Nosrati M. Kolahi A. MovafeghiIntroduction: The high mobility and solubility of cadmium pose a serious threat to the health of humans and other organisms. There are no signs of toxicity when cadmium metal accumulates in the tissues of plants and enters the human food chain. Cadmium transfer rates fr MoreIntroduction: The high mobility and solubility of cadmium pose a serious threat to the health of humans and other organisms. There are no signs of toxicity when cadmium metal accumulates in the tissues of plants and enters the human food chain. Cadmium transfer rates from vegetables to the human diet depend on their accumulation. Thus, inorder to investigate heavy metal absorption by lettuce, this research evaluated the levels of cadmium accumulating in various lettuce organs. Materials and Methods: The seeds of lettuce (Lactuca sativa Linn) were cultivated in autoclaved pots containing perlite and cocopeat (with a ratio of 2 to 1). The pots were kept under greenhouse conditions of 25±1 (day temperature) and 20±1 (night temperature) and light/dark conditions were placed. About three weeks after the plants reached the three-leaf stage, the seedlings were treated with cadmium chloride in 3 replicates. Four concentrations (0, 30, 60 and 90 μg/g perlite) were used every 3 days. After 5 stages of treatment and 28 days after cultivation, the third leaf of the plants was used for the studies. Results: Cadmium increased lettuce's phenol, flavonoid and antioxidant content significantly as compared to the control sample. Furthermore, by increasing the concentrations of cadmium, lettuce showed an increase in total protein, soluble sugar, free amino acids, proline, malondialdehyde, and hydrogen peroxide as compared to the control sample. Due to the increasing amount of cadmium applied to lettuce plants, an increase in the amount of cadmium in the roots was greater than in the aerial parts. Conclusion: In general, the results of this research indicated that lettuce is a cadmium accumulating plant with the ability to accumulate heavy metals in its roots and aerial parts. Contaminated with heavy metals, it seems necessary to protect the health of consumers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - Identification of Chemical Compounds and amount of CarbohydratesSsoluble in Trehala manna
Farzaneh Darikvand Mehrdad Ghavami Mustafa Ghanadian M. HonarvarIntroduction: One of the most challenging issues in food and pharmaceutical industries is finding effective and safe saccharides from natural sources instead of the synthetic counterparts which can have side effects. In this regard, Trehala manna is considered a promisi MoreIntroduction: One of the most challenging issues in food and pharmaceutical industries is finding effective and safe saccharides from natural sources instead of the synthetic counterparts which can have side effects. In this regard, Trehala manna is considered a promising natural source of sugar and produced by Echinopes in response to insect activity.Results: The highest percentage of protein (2.97%), fat (0.87%), moisture (5.83%), fibre (0.83%) and ash (3.51%) was related to samples in Jahrom, and followed by Sabzevar, Mehriz, Jahrom, and Banaroyeh, in order of magnitude. Benaroyeh sample had the highest proportion of trehalose (17.11). However, Shiraz sample had the highest total sugar content (115 mg/g) and water-soluble sugar (45 mg/g) among the samples.The values of sucrose, glucose, fructose were ranged 2.4-8.2 (mg/gr), 7.6-4.5 (mg/gr) and 4.4-1.2 (mg/gr), respectively. In all cases, there were significant differences (p<0.05). Conclusion: The origin of Trehala manna in different regions of Iran significantly affect their chemical components, especially trehalose. In this regard, Trehala mana from Benaroyeh region can be used as a proper source of trehalose (17.11%) for industrial purposes and the production of functional food. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - Investigating the antioxidant and antibacterial properties of Froriepia subpinnata extract encapsulated with maltodextrin-whey concentrate
raheleh alipour Abdollah Alizadeh Dariush Khademi ShurmastiAbstract Introduction: In recent years, the use of encapsulation has been associated with promising results to preserve and increase the biological effects of the active compounds of plant extracts. The present study was conducted to address of antioxidant and antibact MoreAbstract Introduction: In recent years, the use of encapsulation has been associated with promising results to preserve and increase the biological effects of the active compounds of plant extracts. The present study was conducted to address of antioxidant and antibacterial properties of the maltodextrin-whey concentrate-based encapsulation of Froriepia subpinnata hydroalcoholic extract. Materials and Methods: Froriepia subpinnata was extracted by ultrasonic method. Then its antioxidant and antibacterial activity were evaluated and compared in 500 and 1000 ppm levels. Results: The particle size of the encapsulated extract and the encapsulation efficiency measured 169.89 nm and 65.25% respectively. The encapsulated extract had significantly higher activity of DPPH free radical inhibition (91.25%) and beta-carotene (92.24%) than other treatments at 1000 ppm (P<0.05). In addition, the inhibition zone of Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus (26.02 and 22.03 mm respectively) and Gram-negative Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica (20.49 and 19.38 mm respectively) in 1000 ppm encapsulated extract has also more extend than others (P<0.05). Conclusion: The results showed that the maltodextrin-whey concentrate-based encapsulation significantly improved Froriepia subpinnata extract antioxidant and antibacterial properties. Therefore, it is possible to use 1000 ppm of encapsulated Froriepia subpinnata extract as a suitable alternative for synthetic antibiotics and antioxidants. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - Evaluating the effect of Commiphora Myrrha aqueous extract on the chemical and microbial properties of ground beef at refrigerator temperature
yasaman mohammad namdar shahrokh shabani hossein bakhoda Introduction: The myrrh herb by the scientific name of Commiphora myrrha is traditionally used for chronic diseases treatment, anti-inflammatory, painkiller, and an antimicrobial agent. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of aqueous extract More Introduction: The myrrh herb by the scientific name of Commiphora myrrha is traditionally used for chronic diseases treatment, anti-inflammatory, painkiller, and an antimicrobial agent. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of aqueous extract on properties of ground beef stored at refrigerator temperature.Materials and Methods: In this study, aqueous extract (0.5, 2, and 3%) of Commiphora myrrha (Myrrh) was used as a Bio Preservative to extend the shelf life of the ground beef during 14 days of storage at 4 °C. In this study, chemical properties (peroxide value, Thiobarbituric acid value, and total volatile basic nitrogen), microbial properties (total count of microorganisms, Staphylococcus aureus, and psychrophilic and mesophilic bacteria), and sensory properties of ground beef samples were evaluated.Results: Examination of pH changes showed that by increasing the storage time up to 7 days, the pH of all samples decreased (p<0.05), and then from 7 to 14 days, the pH of the samples increased significantly (p<0.05). Changes in oxidative indices, i.e. peroxide index and Thiobarbituric acid index, showed that increasing the storage time led to an increase in these indices, but the use of Myrrh extract prevented significant changes in oxidative indices (p<0.05). Measurement of the TVB-N index showed that by increasing storage time, this index increases, by increasing the level of bio preservatives significantly (p<0.05) led to a decrease in TVB-N changes. Examination of the antimicrobial activity of Myrrh extract in ground beef showed an increase in the total count, S. aureus, and psychrophilic and mesophilic bacteria in the tested samples. However, by increasing the concentration of Myrrh extract (p<0.05) significantly reduced the microbial population and minimized their changes. The sensory evaluation of ground beef samples showed that the treated sample with 3% Myrrh extract had the highest score and also the highest acceptability as compared to other samples.Conclusion: It might be concluded that the application of 3% Myrrh extract as a bio preservative to extend the shelf life of perishable products is a promising way to reduce the use of chemical preservatives in these products. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - The Effect of Ultrasound on the Bioactive Compounds of Essential Oil Extracted from the Peel of Orange Thomson Cultivar
Elham Azarpazhooh Parvin Sharayei Shahin Zomorodi Hedieh Yazdanfar Soodabeh SharayeiIntroduction: In recent years, the use of citrus peel essential oil as a natural preservative in foods has been widely considered. There are several methods to extract the essence oil of orange peel, one of which is the use of ultrasound. The objective of this study was MoreIntroduction: In recent years, the use of citrus peel essential oil as a natural preservative in foods has been widely considered. There are several methods to extract the essence oil of orange peel, one of which is the use of ultrasound. The objective of this study was to evaluate the extraction conditions of essential oil by ultrasound method from the peel of Thompson cultivar using the response surface methodology. Materials and Methods: Independent variables included ultrasound intensity, time and process temperature at three levels of 20, 60 and 100%, 5, 10 and 15 min and 25, 35 and 45 ͦ C were studied, respectively. Efficiency of extraction, total phenolic compounds, DPPH and inhibitory of orange peel essential oils against Aspergillus niger fungus were determined. Results: The optimal conditions for extracting the essential oil of orange peel were sonication intensity 60%, processing time and temperature of 19 min and 35 °C respectively. At this optimum condition, efficiency of extraction, phenolic compounds and DPPH value of the orange peel essential oils were 13.09%, 42.16 mg/100g and 55%, respectively. The experimental values were in a good agreement with the predicted values. Also, at the optimal conditions, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the orange peel essential oils was 18.5 mm and potassium sorbate was 18.3 mm. Therefore, orange peel essential oil at a concentration equal to potassium sorbate (1000 mg/ml) has antifungal activity against Aspergillus niger. Conclusion: The present study revealed that the essential oil of orange peel has a potential source of active ingredients like polyphenols that are well-known for their antioxidant properties. Ultrasound extraction is an effective technique for extraction of these compounds. Also orange peel essential oil can be used in foods instead of chemical and synthetic antioxidants and preservatives. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - Optimization of Extraction of Antioxidant and Phenolic Compounds of Caulerpa sertularioides by Microwave-Assisted Extraction Process
Y. Fayaz M. Honarvar N. MoorakiIntroduction: Plants have been always considered as one of the main raw materials to be used in food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. Marine algae is a rich sources of bioactive compounds with antioxidant activity. Materials and Methods: In this study optimizati MoreIntroduction: Plants have been always considered as one of the main raw materials to be used in food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. Marine algae is a rich sources of bioactive compounds with antioxidant activity. Materials and Methods: In this study optimization of extraction of antioxidant compounds including chlorophyll a and b, carotenoids and total phenolic contents of Caulerpa sertularioides has been carried out by microwave-assisted extraction, based on extraction time, microwave power, solvent type and solvent to sample ratio. Experimental design was performed by Design Expert with 25 runs and the amounts of antioxidant compounds were evaluated. Results: The results of chlorophyll a and b evaluation showed that among 4 studied factors only solvent type had significant effect (p < 0.05). According to the results the optimum conditions of chlorophyll a and b extraction included methanol as solvent, microwave power of 180 watt, extraction time of 20 minutes and solvent to sample ratio of 12.5. Regarding carotenoid solvent was the only significant factor (p < 0.05) and its optimum extraction conditions included methanol as solvent, microwave power of 90 watt, extraction time of 10 minutes and solvent to sample ratio of 5. Concerning total phenolic content none of the 4 parameters of extraction process had significant effect on its extraction (P>0.05). Conclusion: According to the results of this study Caulerpa sertularioides is an important source of antioxidant compounds and by studying the effect of extraction factors on its antioxidant and phenolic compounds and determination of the optimum extraction conditions for each compound, this algae could be employed appropriately. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - Evaluation of the Antioxidant Activities of Roasted and Unroasted Coffee Extracts
Sahar Khorsand Manesh Mehrada Ghavami Behzad BazyarIntroduction: Oxidation is one of the most important spoiling reaction in the oils and fats and might be delayed by the use of antioxidants to some extent. Coffee contains some effective phenolic antioxidants such as chlorogenic acids, caffeic acids ester and quinnic ac MoreIntroduction: Oxidation is one of the most important spoiling reaction in the oils and fats and might be delayed by the use of antioxidants to some extent. Coffee contains some effective phenolic antioxidants such as chlorogenic acids, caffeic acids ester and quinnic acids. The object of this research is to study the antioxidant activities of coffee extracts. Materials and Methods: In this research work coffee extracts were obtained by hexane and isopropanol after three hours of extraction period. The extracts yields and total phenolic compounds were determined using Folin ciocalteu method. The hexanolic and isoporopanolic extracts of both roasted and unroasted coffee from two varieties of coffee (Arabica, Robusta) were added to tallow at different concentrations. Peroxide value at 100UC (oven) and Induction period measurements at 110UC (Rancimat) were used as means to examine and investigate the antioxidant activities of the above extracts. Results: The results indicated that coffee extracts inhibited antioxidant activities and were able to reduce the oxidation chain reaction. The highest yield of phenolic compounds, taking Gallic acid as the index was related to the extracts obtained by isopropanol and accounted for 2.17 mg/g of dry matter. This might be due to higher polarity of isopropanol as compared to hexane. Conclusion: Among the extracts isopropanolic extract of roasted Robusta with 15% concentration exhibited the best antioxidant activity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - The Effect of Ultrasound-Assisted Conditions on the Extraction of Phenolic Compounds and Flavonoids from Autumn Olive Fruits (Elaeagnus umbellate)
سعیده Khademi شاهین Mardani NejadIntroduction: Plants are rich source of phenolic compounds (phenolic acids, flavonoids and tannins) that are natural antioxidants. The purpose of the present study was to use two ultrasonic methods including probe and bath for the extraction of phenol MoreIntroduction: Plants are rich source of phenolic compounds (phenolic acids, flavonoids and tannins) that are natural antioxidants. The purpose of the present study was to use two ultrasonic methods including probe and bath for the extraction of phenolic compounds and flavonoids from autumn olive and evaluate the ability of the extracts to scavenge DPPH free radical using three extraction solvents consisting of water, 80% methanol and 70% ethanol. Materials and Methods: Water, 80% methanol and 70% ethanol were used as extracting solvents and the effect of different extraction periods (30, 60 and 90 min) for bath method and 5, 10 and 20 min for probe method were evaluated on the extraction of phenolic compounds. Results: The results showed that in the probe method of ultrasonic, the highest phenolic compounds (13.8 ± 0.05 milligrams gallic acid/ g dried sample) and DPPH radical scavenging activity (98.94%) were obtained using70% ethanol as solvent within 20 minutes of extraction period. In the ultra sound bath, the highest extraction rate of phenolic compounds (15.82 ± 0.057mg gallic acid equivalent/ g dry sample) and flavonoids (7.09 ± 0. 110 mg of quercetin per gram of dry sample) were obtained by the application of 70% ethanol within 90 minutes. Conclusion: The results indicated that the probe and bath methods of ultrasound had different effects on extraction of bioactive compounds from autumn olive. In each extraction method, the rate of extraction of phenolic compounds and flavonoids were solvent dependent and in all the extraction method, 70% ethanol showed the best effect as extracting solvent . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
16 - Identification of Bioactive Compounds from Brown Alga Cystoseria.Sp and Evaluation of Physicochemichal and Sensory Properties of Its Enriched Edible Jelly
M. Mohammadi GH. Mohebbi M. Bolourian A. Barmak E. EhsandoostIntroduction: Alga Cystoseria is a brown macroalga belonging to the Phaeophyta family. This alga with irregular branches is found in tropical, sub-tropical waters near rocks and wetlands. The aim of the study was to identify the bioactive compounds of Cystoseria brown a MoreIntroduction: Alga Cystoseria is a brown macroalga belonging to the Phaeophyta family. This alga with irregular branches is found in tropical, sub-tropical waters near rocks and wetlands. The aim of the study was to identify the bioactive compounds of Cystoseria brown algae extract and to evaluate the physicochemical and sensory properties of the edible jelly fortified with algae. Materials and Methods: The chemical compositions of the Cystoseria alga extract were detected by the GC-MS method, and the extracts were added to the jelly formulation at concentrations of 50, 100 and 150 mg, then the effects on sensory properties and synereses were studied. Sensory evaluations of oral jelly were carried out by ten evaluators and using a five-point hedonic test to examine the color, taste, texture and general acceptance of the prepared jelly. Results: The GC-MS analysis identified twelve biologically active compounds effective in food and drugs. The study indicated that the color score increased with the addition of algae extract. According to the results of acceptability, adding 50 mg of the extract to the jelly had the most effects on color, taste and texture factors. The syneresis reduction in treatments was an indication of high water content within the jelly, resulting in improving the appearance of edible jelly. Conclusion: It can be concluded that the addition of 50 mg of Cystoseria alga extract can be as criteria for the selection of the best formulation that can be used for its high nutritional value. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
17 - Evaluation of the Antioxidant Activity of the Essential Oil of Satureja hortensis on the Stability of Colza and Anchovy Oil
B. Amini J. Keramat M. hojatolislami M. Jahadi K. MohmodianIntroduction: The consumers demand foods with high nutritional value that are free from chemical preservatives.This has led to numerous efforts to find natural antioxidants from herbal resources. Savory essence is a colorless to pale yellow liquid that contains phenolic MoreIntroduction: The consumers demand foods with high nutritional value that are free from chemical preservatives.This has led to numerous efforts to find natural antioxidants from herbal resources. Savory essence is a colorless to pale yellow liquid that contains phenolic compounds such as carvacrol, P-cymen and thymol that exhibit anti-oxidative and antimicrobial activities. The aim of this study is to quantify the phenolic compounds present in the essential oil of Satureja hortensis as a source of natural antioxidant and to examine its stabilising effect on colza and anchovy oils. Materials and Methods: The aerial parts of plant was collected, dried and the essential oils was extracted and analysed by GC/MS. Total content of phenolic compounds of the essential oils was determined by Folin-Ciocalteu method. The extracted essential oil was added to canola and anchovy oils at the concentrations of 0.05, 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3% and the antioxidant activities were measured and compared to the control and sample containing BHA. Peroxide value and tiobarbitoric acid value and induction period measurements by Rancimate were used as means to evaluate the antioxidant activities. Results: Carvacrol, gamma-terpinene, alpha-terpinene and p-cymene were determined as the predominant compounds in the extracted essential oil. The total concentration of the phenolic compounds in the extracted oil was 0.739±0.27 mg/ml as Gallic Acid Equivalent .The added essential oil at the concentration of 0.3% exhibited the highest antioxidant activity in canola and anchovy oils. Conclusion: This study has indicated that the application of the natural essential oilsto suitable substances such as canola or anchovy oils in order to improve the stability of the oils and also to replace the synthetic antioxidants is desirable and preferred. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
18 - A Review of Microalgae as Dietary and Medicinal Useful Complements
S.A.A. Anvar B. NowrouziIntroduction: Microalgae are important components in the food chain of aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems, the number of which is increasing and being consumed as food or medicine. Microalgae and cyanobacteria are produced in controlled culture processes or removed from MoreIntroduction: Microalgae are important components in the food chain of aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems, the number of which is increasing and being consumed as food or medicine. Microalgae and cyanobacteria are produced in controlled culture processes or removed from natural habitats and marketed as a complete food supplement worldwide.Materials and Methods: For this paper review of the results and conclusions of investigated research articles concerned with the subject.Results: Cyanobacteria have a wide range of biologically active compounds that produce and are expected to be used in the food and pharmaceutical industries. Due to the active composition of cyanobacteria such as fatty acids, sterols, volatile compounds, stable isotopic compounds, carotenoids, polysaccharides, lectins, mycosporin-like amino acids, bioemulsifiers that are anti-virus and anti-inflammatory due to their elevation and etcetra are used for marketing purposes.Conclusion: This review article attempts to introduce the active compounds of microalgae and their biological activities, their nutritional value in human diet and health, during different periods, aquatic and other animals if possible. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
19 - Evaluation and Comparison of Chemical Compositions and Fatty Acids of Purslane Leaves from Different Regions of Iran
M. Afshar B. Ghiasi Tarzi M. Gharachoorloo A.R. Basiri H. BakhodaIntroduction: Purslane (Portulaca oleracea) is a warm climate annual plant classified as a weed. Purslane has been described as a power food of the future due to its high nutritive and antioxidant properties. It is listed in the world health organization as one of the m MoreIntroduction: Purslane (Portulaca oleracea) is a warm climate annual plant classified as a weed. Purslane has been described as a power food of the future due to its high nutritive and antioxidant properties. It is listed in the world health organization as one of the most used medicinal plants and it has been given the term “Global panacea”. This study is concerned with the evaluation and comparison of the chemical and fatty acids composition of the Purslane leaves from north (province of Gilan) and south (province of Fars) of Iran. Materials and Methods: In this research work purslane leaves were prepared for chemical composition tests consisting of ash, protein, fibre, carbohydrate and oil contents. The fatty acid compositions and profiles were determined by conversion of the fatty acids into their methyl esters and their application on to a GC equipped with a capillary column and Flame Ionisation Detector according to the defined methods of standard. Results: The comparison between north and south samples indicated significant differences in the ash, protein, oil, and carbohydrate contents. Evaluation of the fatty acids compositions showed that α-linolenic acid was the predominant fatty acid present in the purslane leaves oil in both samples. Conclusion: It was concluded that purslane leaves oil due to its high nutritive and antioxidant values might be regarded as a valuable oil for specific applications. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
20 - The Effect of Ultrasonic Pretreatment on Antioxidant Activity and Phenolic Compounds of White and Brown Rice Extracted from Lenjan Sorkhe Cultivar
K. Pourmohammadi E. Abedi M. Khaleghan M.R. MahmoodiIntroduction: Brown rice cultivars has higher nutritional values than the white rice cultivars due to the total phenolic compounds. Ultrasonic pretreatment is an efficient method for the extraction of phenolic compounds due to time saving, high performance efficiency an MoreIntroduction: Brown rice cultivars has higher nutritional values than the white rice cultivars due to the total phenolic compounds. Ultrasonic pretreatment is an efficient method for the extraction of phenolic compounds due to time saving, high performance efficiency and also less solvent consumption. Materials and Methods: Total phenolic compounds and flavonoid contents were determined and antioxidant potential was assessed by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay. Bioactive compounds of white and brown rice were extracted under various solvents including (water, ethanol 100%, methanol 100%, ethanol 50%, methanol 50% and ethanol 50%-methanol 50%) and two extraction methods such as Soxhlet extractor and ultrasonic bath. The comparison of the test variables were performed by Duncan's test and three-way multivariate analysis of variance. Results: The results showed that the highest flavonoids content (162 mg gallic acid/ Kg sample), poly phenols (142.5 mg quercetin / kg sample) and radicals scavenging effect DPPH (%76.4) belonged to brown rice under ultrasonic method and ethanol:methanol (50:50) solvent extraction. The results exibited that all the main related factors such as methods of extraction, solvents and rice have significant effects on the amount of polyphenols, flavonoids and DPPH. Conclusion: Under the same extraction condition, total phenol and flavonoid contents of brown rice is higher than the white rice. Ultrasonic extraction could enhance the total phenol and flavonoids contents compared to the soxhlet extraction. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
21 - Evaluation of the Antioxidant Activity of Dorema Aucheri Extract in Soybean Oil
R. Mohammadi M. Fazel E. KhosraviIntroduction: Due to the recognized antioxidant activities of compounds present in herbs and spices, there has been considerable interests concerned with this subject and the biological systems. This research work has been carried out in order to investigate the antioxi MoreIntroduction: Due to the recognized antioxidant activities of compounds present in herbs and spices, there has been considerable interests concerned with this subject and the biological systems. This research work has been carried out in order to investigate the antioxidant activity of Dorema Aucheri plant and also the application of its ethanolic extract to refined bleached and deodorized soyabean oil to retard the rate of oxidation. Materials and Methods: The effects of water and 96% ethanol as solvents on extracting efficiencies of phenolic compounds and flavonoids of the sample were investigated. The antioxidant activities of the samples with different added concentrations of the extract using DPPH radical scavenging and Ferric-reducing power were determined and evaluated. Results: The results showed that the aqueous extract has the highest extraction rate as compared to the ethanolic extract, however the highest concentrations of phenolic compounds (21.73 ± 0.89 mg GAE/g) and flavonoid (14.99 ± 0.60 mg QE/g sample), and the lowest IC50 concerned with DPPH (2.05 mg extract/ mg DPPH) and the highest rate of Ferric reducing power (14.13 ± 0.06 mM Fe+2/mg) were related to the ethanolic extract. The results of oven test also indicated that the ethanolic extract at certain concentrations could control the rate of oxidation. Conclusion: The results of this investigation suggested that the Dorema Aucheri ethanolic extract might be employed as an antioxidant. Therefor one might introduce Dorema aucheri as a good source of natural antioxidant due to the presence of phenolic compounds. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
22 - Optimization of the Extraction of the Total Phenolics and Antioxidant Compounds from Solanum nigrum Fruit using Response Surface Methodology
F. Khanlari A. Yasini Ardakani N. NasirizadehIntroduction: Solanum nigrum L. (SN) is a herbal plant indigenous to the north-east of Asia. The plant is believed to have various biological activities. In this study, the optimum conditions for the extraction of phenolic compounds from Solanum nigrum were determined u MoreIntroduction: Solanum nigrum L. (SN) is a herbal plant indigenous to the north-east of Asia. The plant is believed to have various biological activities. In this study, the optimum conditions for the extraction of phenolic compounds from Solanum nigrum were determined using response surface methodology (RSM). Materials and Methods: Extraction was carried out using different solvents in order to determine the best solvent for the highest extraction yield. Central composite design was employed to optimise the three independent variables such as incubation temperature (25–70 ºC), time (30–240 min) and liquid-to-solid ratio (10–20 ml/g). Total phenols (TP) was measured using Folin – Ciocalteu method and IC50 scavenging activity was analyzed using DPPH method. Results: The preliminary experiments with p<0.05 showed that ethanol was the best solvent for the extraction of Solanum nigrum. The experimental data were fitted into a second-order polynomial equation and 3D response surfaces showed that the optimal conditions were at the temperature of 70 ºC, time of 30 min and liquid to solid ratio of 20 ml/g. These optimum conditions obtained the total phenolic compounds of 18.04 mg gallic acid equivalents/100 g and DPPHsc of 61.9 μg/ml. Conclusion: The result of this study indicated the suitability of the response surface methodology employed in optimizing the extraction conditions. The optimized conditions showed a fast and high extraction yield of phenolic and antioxidant compounds from Solanum nigrum. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
23 - Evaluation of the Antioxidant Activity and Phenolic Content of Chamomile (Chamomilla recutita L) Extract
A. Abaee M. Mohammadian S. JaberipourIntroduction: Nowadays, there is a great intetest to use natural additives in food products especially compunds that are extracted from plants. Chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.) is an annual herbaceous flowering plant native to Europe. It has been used traditionally MoreIntroduction: Nowadays, there is a great intetest to use natural additives in food products especially compunds that are extracted from plants. Chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.) is an annual herbaceous flowering plant native to Europe. It has been used traditionally as a medicinal and pharmaceutical preparation due to its anti-inflammatory and antispasmodic properties. Materials and Methods: The amount of polyphenolic compounds and radical-scavenging activity of the aqueous extract of chamomile were studied under different conditions of heating, pH alterations and storage. Results: Heat treatment of 70-120°C at pH of either 5.6 or 2.6 for 5 and 15 minutes did not influence the phenolics content. However, acidification of the extract from the inherent value of 5.6 to 2.6 decreased the polyphenols content by 10%. The antioxidant activity of the extract decreased due to heating at 70, 80 and 90°C and the higher the heating temperature and the longer the heating duration, the lower was the antioxidant activity of the heat-treated extract. The amount of polyphenols in the extract with the inherent pH of 5.6 was increased over 25-day storage period that was attributed to the release of some phenolic compounds being bound to other compounds. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that polyphenols present in aqueous extract of chamomile are resistance to thermal process. But, the antioxidant activity of extract was reduced as the result of heating. However, it can be concluded that the phenolic compounds of chamomile extract had a high resistance to heat and showed a significant antioxidant activity after pasteurization process. Moreover, the phenolic compounds of the extract were stable in acidic pH during long-term maintenance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
24 - Effect of Microliposomes Containing Phenolic and Tocopherol Compounds of (Pistacia atlantica) Kernel Oil on the Butter Stability
M. Nikkhah J. Khoshkho S. E. Hoseini P. Mahasti A. AkhondzadehIntroduction: Wild pistachio (pistacia atlantica), as a plant source is rich in phenolic and tocopherol content that has significant antioxidant, therapeutic and antimicrobial effects. Encapsulation can be used as an effective method to improve the stability and prevent MoreIntroduction: Wild pistachio (pistacia atlantica), as a plant source is rich in phenolic and tocopherol content that has significant antioxidant, therapeutic and antimicrobial effects. Encapsulation can be used as an effective method to improve the stability and prevent undesirable taste of phenolic compounds. Therefore in this study, the effect of micro liposomes containing phenolic and tocopherol compounds of pistacia atlantica (Beneh) oil on oxidative stability of butter was investigated.Results: The particle size of liposome was in the range of 4-9μm. The addition of cholesterol had a significant effect on particle size. The addition of cholesterol increased the zeta potential of the samples. The total concentration of 40 to 20 mg lecithin to cholesterol was identified as an optimal concentration in the production of micro liposomes and it was used in determination of oxidative stability of butter. The results showed that N400 (sample containing 400 mg / 1000g of phenolic and tocopherol compounds of pistacia atlantica) had the highest stability.Conclusion: The results of this study showed that use of phenolic and tocopherol compounds of Beneh kernel oil, in form of microcapsules might be used to prevent chemical spoilage and also increase the shelf life and beneficial properties of cream and butter derived it, and it has taken a positive step towards producing functional products and promoting consumer health. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
25 - Using Conocarpus erectus Tree pruning Residue for Paper product
ahmad azizi mossello Pejman Rezayati-Charani ّFarshid MehriBackground and Objective: Due to raw materials shortage for lignocellulosic industries, and cultivating Conocarpus erectus tree in the country due to its significant growth rate and adaptation to the country's climatic conditions, the use of its pruning residues can be MoreBackground and Objective: Due to raw materials shortage for lignocellulosic industries, and cultivating Conocarpus erectus tree in the country due to its significant growth rate and adaptation to the country's climatic conditions, the use of its pruning residues can be considered as an alternative raw material.Material and Methodology: The Conocarpus erectus pruning residues were divided into three groups: 1- leaf, 2- branch, and 3- branch-leaf. Then the chemical composition and morphological properties were measured. Afterward, these residues were cooked by soda method and from the obtained pulps, laboratory handmade papers were made and to end, the properties of resulting pulps and the handmade papers were evaluated.Findings: The results showed that different parts of the Conocarpus residues have completely different properties, so that the leaves with the highest content of extractives, lignin and ash and lowest amount of cellulose and hemicellulose gave pulp with lowest screened yield and highest kappa number that was not suitable for paper production due to very low freeness and high drainage time. In contrast, the branch with the highest amount of cellulose and hemicellulose and lowest amount extractive materials, lignin and ash produced pulp with highest screened yield, freeness and lowest kappa number and drainage time. Also, in Compared to leaf- branch, pulp from branch produced paper with higher thickness, light scattering coefficient and tear but lower tensile and appear density.Discussion and Conclusion: In general, leaves and branches residue of Conocarpus compared to other lignocellulosic materials such as wheat straw and bagasse, which is widely used in the pulp and paper industry, due to qualitative properties reasons are not suitable in pure form for use in pulp and paper industries but are recommended to evaluation as the mixing with the recycled pulp. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
26 - Reducing the emissions of Volatile Organic Compounds from Process Equipments in petrochemical industry using the LDAR program
majid esmaeili keivan saebBackground and Objective: Developing of petrochemical industry has increased the amount of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) released to the environment and has caused to reduce air quality and to increase global warming and also serious problems for public health. The MoreBackground and Objective: Developing of petrochemical industry has increased the amount of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) released to the environment and has caused to reduce air quality and to increase global warming and also serious problems for public health. The main objective of this research is to determine and reduce the amount of VOC compounds in oil, gas and petrochemical industries.Material and Methodology: In this study, the LDAR program which its results are based on the use of two analyzers equipped with PID detector and infrared camera was used. The EPA-21 method was also used to determine the leakage of compounds.Findings: The total amount of leakage potential was estimated to be 727.401 tons per year, considering all equipment, while the calculated emission components were precisely measured to be 320.16 tons; by doing the LDAR program these leakages were eliminated.Discussion and Conclusion: Based on the results of estimating the emission of pollutants from EPA in the selected petrochemical unit, it was found that the condition of the studied unit is much better than the global average, it should be noticed that valves and fittings have the highest contribution in VOCs emissions. Regarding the findings of the present study, it can be concluded that the proper implementation of the LDAR program will not only reduce VOC emissions and improve the economic situation but also reduce costs and produce a better and cleaner product. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
27 - Application of Soil Vapor Extraction (SVE) Technique for the Treatment of Hydrocarbon Contaminated Soils
Saeid Gitipour Emad Sanati Farvash Hadi Tarebari Mahmoodreza Abdi Alireza Gitipour Saeid HeidariAbstract Background and Objective: In recent years, production and use of petroleum products, such as gasoline, have been increasing. This increase is followed by numerous ecological consequences. Among them, the most important ecological effects of using gasoline MoreAbstract Background and Objective: In recent years, production and use of petroleum products, such as gasoline, have been increasing. This increase is followed by numerous ecological consequences. Among them, the most important ecological effects of using gasoline is contamination of soils at refineries and gas stations. Hazards of gasoline leakage into the soil and its migration to groundwater could be attributed to the existence of BTEX compounds, which are the main constituents of gasoline with high toxicity and volatility values. Method: In this study, the removal of BTEX contaminants from soil samples contaminated with gasoline has been investigated using Soil Vapor Extraction technique. The treatment tests were conducted at 3 time intervals of 4, 8 and 12 hours and 3 different temperatures of 20, 40 and 60°C. Results: The results of tests indicate the high suitability of SEV technique showung %99 removal efficiency for BTEX compounds from soil samples. Moreover, the results of the analysis present that the removal of contaminants an inverse relation with their boiling points in this techniques. Also, raising the temperature of the samples from 20°C to 40°C and from 40°C to 60°C during 12 hours increased the removal efficiencies of BTEX compounds by %10 and %26, respectively. Conclusion: The results of this study revealed that SVE technique for the removal of aromatic organic compound from soil is an efficient technique which can lead to high efficiency for the removal of such contaminats from soil, if implented properly. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
28 - Effect of retention time and temperature on the efficiency stabilization ponds in treatment of petroleum wastewater
Abdollah Dargahi Meghdad Pirsaheb Mohamadtaghi Savadpoor Mortaza Alighadri Mehrdad FarookhiBiological treatment method is one of the best and most cost-effective methods for the treatment ofcontaminated wastewaters. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of retention time andtemperature on the efficiency of stabilization ponds in removing organi MoreBiological treatment method is one of the best and most cost-effective methods for the treatment ofcontaminated wastewaters. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of retention time andtemperature on the efficiency of stabilization ponds in removing organic compounds, N-NH3 and PO4from oil refinery wastewater.Materials and Methods:The method used in the present study was of an experimental type, in which an anaerobic stabilizationpond with dimensions of 1 × 0.2× 1 m and a laboratory scale facultative pond with the capacity of 400L were designed, set up and operated, using fiberglass sheet with a thickness of 6 mm. In this study,the hydraulic retention time of 2 and 5 days for anaerobic pond and 5 and 10 days for facultative pondwere set in both hot and cold temperatures. Then, N-NH3 and PO4 parameters were measured at thewavelengths of 425 and 690 nm respectively. Also, TCOD, SCOD, TBOD, SBOD and pH of sampleswere measured according to the standard methods for water and wastewater tests.Results and Discussion:These results indicated that the retention time and temperature had a significant effect on theefficiency of stabilization ponds, so that the efficiency of anaerobic and facultative stabilization pondsin the removal of organic compounds was significantly increased with the increase of retention timeand temperature (p<0.05). The maximum removal efficiency for COD, BOD, N-NH3 and PO4 wasobtained to be 93.31, 93.66, 88.15 and 73.17 % respectively (at the retention time of 5 days ofanaerobic and 10 days of facultative and hot temperature), and the minimum removal efficiency for1-Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Khalkhal Medical, Ardabil University ofMedical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran2-Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Kermanshah University ofMedical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran3- Department of Nursing, School of Khalkhal Medical, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran4-Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Ardabil University of MedicalSciences, Ardabil, Iran5- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Alborz University of MedicalSciences, Karaj, IranJ.Env.Sci,TechJ.Env. Sci. Tech., Vol 16, No.2, Summer 2014153the same parameters was obtained to be 41.47, 40.55, 34.26 and 22.46% respectively (at the retentiontime of 2 days of anaerobic and 5 days of facultative and hot temperature). Also, the single algaavailable in the facultative pond was formidiom and it was able to grow in high concentrations ofsulfur.The results of this study showed that the pilot-scale stabilization ponds in hot temperature, if operatedproprly, have the ability to remove organic compounds with a high efficiency. However, in coldweather, its efficiency is low but in acceptable level. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
29 - Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) in the Ambient Air Of Concentration Unit of Sar-Cheshmeh Copper Complex
Ali Faghihi-Zarandi Mohammad Reza AkhgarIntroduction: Air pollutants including gases, vapors and particles, are emitted from different sources. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are the most important pollutants in the ambient air of industries. The present study was carried out to identify and measurement of MoreIntroduction: Air pollutants including gases, vapors and particles, are emitted from different sources. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are the most important pollutants in the ambient air of industries. The present study was carried out to identify and measurement of volatile organic compounds in concentration unit of Sar-Cheshmeh Copper Complex. Material and Methods: In this study, sampling of the volatile organic compounds was done by using activated charcoal tube. To identify and measure these compounds gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy (GC/MS) were used. Results: Thirteen volatile organic compounds were identified in the ambient air of concentration unit. Among these compounds, the mean value and maximum concentration of isopropyl alcohol and nonane were 255, 640 μg/m3 and 1577, 14400 μg/m3, respectively. Conclusion: By using SPSS software and independent sample t- test, showed that there were no significant difference between mean value concentration of isopropyl alcohol and nonane in the ambient air and TLV values of these compounds (isopropyl alcohol; 200 ppm and nonane; 200 ppm) (P >0.05). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
30 - The Necessity of Revising Energy Consumption and the Ways of Reducing Energy Consumption in Cement Industry
Afshar Ali Hosseini Ali Reza AbbasZadeh Darush BastaniThe increasing rate of energy consumption and limitation of fossilized sources which are the main sources ofenergy in Iran and the world has made the industrial societies to seek for providing their essential energy fornow and future. More than 26% of total energy is us MoreThe increasing rate of energy consumption and limitation of fossilized sources which are the main sources ofenergy in Iran and the world has made the industrial societies to seek for providing their essential energy fornow and future. More than 26% of total energy is used in industrial section. Cement section is one of theimportant sub-sections of industry which is greatly energy-dependand, so that more than 15% of the energyallocated to industry is consumed in sub-section. Considering the “targeted subsidy plan” and “energy priceliberalization”, the current rate of energy consumption in cement industry needs to be seriously revised.Production management, changing the ingredients of cement, finding alternative ways for replacing energy, andimporting new technology can have good results in reducing energy consumption in cement industry. In thispaper, energy consumption in its electrical and heat forms in a cement factory is investigated. The different waysfor reducing energy consumption were also investigated in this paper. Findings of different studies carried out bythe research units involved in cement industry in recent years indicate changes in production methods with anemphasis on energy consumption reduction and production increase. These changes include replacing wetmethod by dry method or development of pre-heating center. Nowadays, in cement industry, not only there is anemphasis on decreasing energy consumption to decrease the production costs, but also the environmental factorsare focused. Over 0.7 kg of CO2 and other pollutants is released into the invironment as per production of 1 kcement particles. Therefore, application of alternative fuels which contain less carbon in their structural formulawill result in reduction of both consumption and production cost as well as fewer pollutants released into theenviroment Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
31 - Bioremediation of soil contaminated with light crude oil using Fabaceae family
Bahareh Lorestani Rashin Noori Nasrin KulahchiSoil pollution by petroleum compounds is one of the most common environmental problems, which causes soil contamination during extracting, transferring and refining. Bioremediation is an economic technology that makes use of plants to reduce oil pollution in soil. The a MoreSoil pollution by petroleum compounds is one of the most common environmental problems, which causes soil contamination during extracting, transferring and refining. Bioremediation is an economic technology that makes use of plants to reduce oil pollution in soil. The aim of this study was to evaluate growing ability of Lathyrus sativus, Lens culinaris, Trigonella foenum and Glycyrrhiza glabr of the Fabaceae family in the soil contaminated with light crude oil. Also potential oil removal from soil by these species through bioremediation was shown. In this study, after examining the developmental stage of 4 samples of Fabaceae plant family, potential of removing hydrocarbons from the soil contaminated by light crude oil with different concentrations (1, 2, 3, and 4%) at 40 days in Completely Randomized Design (CRD) was investigated. The result shows that the maximum possibility of pollution reduction is in lathyrus sativus with 73.3% in sample (1%) and the minimum possibility of pollution reduction is in Trigonella foenum with 38.6 in sample (4%). Moreover, Person's correlation coefficient showed that by increasing dry weight of the plant, the amount of pollution reduction in the soil increases. Given the acceptable performance of oil pollution cleanup by these species and economic saving as compared to other methods, the use of this method is recommended for the contaminated areas in Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
32 - مروری نظام مند بر روش های مکاشفه ای ترکیب سرویس در محیط محاسبات ابری
محمدباقر کریمیدر دهه حاضر، مفهوم سرویس و ارائه نرم افزار به صورت سرویس بر روی معماری سیستم های ابری به عنوان دو تحول مهم، دنیای سیستم های اطلاعاتی را متحول کرده است. این تغییر، چرخه حیات تولید نرم افزار را با یک دگرگونی پارادیمی مواجه کرده است که در آن تولید نرم افزار از طریق ترکیب س Moreدر دهه حاضر، مفهوم سرویس و ارائه نرم افزار به صورت سرویس بر روی معماری سیستم های ابری به عنوان دو تحول مهم، دنیای سیستم های اطلاعاتی را متحول کرده است. این تغییر، چرخه حیات تولید نرم افزار را با یک دگرگونی پارادیمی مواجه کرده است که در آن تولید نرم افزار از طریق ترکیب سرویس های آماده در بستر ابر انجام میگیرد. یکی از الزامات ترکیب سرویس در محیط ابر این است که باید به صورت on-the-fly انجام گیرد که تحقق آن نیاز به یک مصالحه بین بهینه بودن سرویس مرکب و زمان ترکیب سرویس دارد. مسئله ترکیب سرویس با اطلاع از QoS، مسئلهای است که برای آن چندین راه حل بالقوه وجود دارد که معمولاً چند تا از آنها بهینه محسوب میشوند، بر این اساس این مسئله، یک مسئله بهینه سازی و در زمره مسائل NP-Hard به شمار میآید. با توجه به این واقعیت که به دلیل افزایش روزافزون تعداد سرویسها که منجر به بزرگتر شدن فضای جستجوی مسئله میشوند، در سال های گذشته محققان زیادی به تحقیق بر روی ارائه روش های مبتنی بر الگوریتم های ترکیباتی و مکاشفه ای برای حل مسئله ترکیب سرویس در محیط ابر، علاقه نشان داده اند و این اقبال ادامه دارد. در این مقاله، بر اساس مروری نظام مند بر ادبیات تحقیق، پرسش های مهمی که می توان در حوزه تحقیقاتی ترکیب سرویس به روش مکاشفه ای می توان مطرح کرد، استخراج شده اند. سپس با طبقه بندی پژوهش ها بر اساس رویکردهای حل مسئله، اهداف و اولویت های مورد نظر محققین، نتایج و آمارهای مفیدی ارائه شده که می تواند به تحقیقات آینده کمک کند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
33 - Microalgal Biodiversity as a Biotechnology and Environmental Potential
Maryam Akhoundian Seyed Danial MirhasanniaMicroalgae is a group of highly versatile aquatic plants that nowadays have achieved a wide range of applications in the science of biotechnology. These microscopic photosynthesizers, despite performing an effective role in the oxygen production on the earth, due to the MoreMicroalgae is a group of highly versatile aquatic plants that nowadays have achieved a wide range of applications in the science of biotechnology. These microscopic photosynthesizers, despite performing an effective role in the oxygen production on the earth, due to their high distribution and frequency are almost found in the entire ecosystems on the globe. The high nutritional value and even potential of these microscopic plants in the production of bioactive compounds with varied food and medicinal usages, also as primary raw materials for the extraction of sustainable biofuels (biodiesel), besides their application in monitoring and refinement of environmental pollutants such as heavy metals, pesticides and herbicides; have nestled these small scale plants in the spotlight of the countless researchers worldwide. Although, globally several researches have been focused on the biotechnological potentials of microalgae, but it seems that so far in our country, the considerable efficiency has not been provided to this valuable resource. Therefore, this article is an overview of the microalgal potential to use in modern biotechnology and can attract the attention of researchers to carry out research in this area. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
34 - Rebellion and Iconoclasm by Baudelaire and Youshij
Mah NazariNima as well as Baudelaire enlighted new color to contemporary poetry by their new look. His poems' structure owns unity. They get distance from romticism norms consciously and unwrap the evils by realistic, symbolic and surrealism images to show social and industrial h MoreNima as well as Baudelaire enlighted new color to contemporary poetry by their new look. His poems' structure owns unity. They get distance from romticism norms consciously and unwrap the evils by realistic, symbolic and surrealism images to show social and industrial human's suffers. The most pivotal characteristic of such poetry – which is based on norm – deviation – is ambiguity and iconoclasm and cloggy rules and traditions; because mechanism era and modern industry breaks all moral, natural, traditional and literal borders. Even the concept of love has been changed form modernism view point. This article – by descriptive – analytical method – intends to express Baudelaire and Nima Youshij's evolution in innovation and growth toward realism. Because no researches has been done to compare Baudelaire and Nima's works. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
35 - The Influence of the Arabic Language on Fifth Century's Poetries
Ibrahim FallahLanguage and literature express the identity, originality and personality of a nation. The connection and influence between Persian and Arabic language and literature has always been reciprocal. The influence of Arabic on Persian dates back to afore the advent MoreLanguage and literature express the identity, originality and personality of a nation. The connection and influence between Persian and Arabic language and literature has always been reciprocal. The influence of Arabic on Persian dates back to afore the advent of Islam. However, by manifestation of Islam, the mentioned influence spread in Iranian thought and culture, but the fifth century which is one of the brilliant centuries of the Islamic period, the influence of Qur'an and Arabic on Persian poetry is more visible than previous periods. Since Arabic literature enriches Persian language and literature, its influence has been in various fields including words, phrases, imagination, thought, and style. As Arabic is the language of Qur'an and sacred texts, Iranians and Persian literature paid special attention to it and were greatly influenced by it. The present research entitled "The Influence of the Arabic Language on Fifth Century's Poetries" seeks to study and analyze the impact of Arabic language on fifth-century poetry as well as to examine the influential genres. The results show that the types of influence of Arabic language on fifth century's poems include applying Arabic words and phrases, contents of Arabic concepts translated into Arabic verses, rhetorical figures of speech such as quotation and simile. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
36 - Comparative Study of Terms in Molana, Sanaei and Attar Sample Poetries
Nahid Safari Hakvani Hamid Samsaam Ahmad Reza Keykha FarzanehTo claim there are no other poets but Hafez and Molanaa who are all Iranian families, various classes of society, literate and illiterate, common and jurist, king and dervish’s favorite (poets) is not wrong. Words are keys to enter poets’ world and manifest MoreTo claim there are no other poets but Hafez and Molanaa who are all Iranian families, various classes of society, literate and illiterate, common and jurist, king and dervish’s favorite (poets) is not wrong. Words are keys to enter poets’ world and manifest in various forms such as syntax, expression, announcement, allusion and figurative applications. In spite of having remarkable importance in understanding poetry, words are not compiled systematically in a single book via considering principles yet. The present article is the first attempt in this regard and the method is librarian, by taking notes and referring to reliable interpretations, new and old dictionaries. The outstanding characteristic of the research is the couplet – based form of the words and phrases; which means that target is not to compile a dictionary, but the main aim is to solve Molana’s “Mathnavi” problems of his first Book. According to abovementioned note, the meaning of the couplet is chosen – amongst various and different meanings of a single term or word – which is appropriate for it. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
37 - سمیت و سمشناسی گیاهان دارویی
مانی جباری میترا جباری -
Open Access Article
38 - Investigation of total phenolic and flavonoid contents, and evaluation of antioxidant activities of Verbascum cheiranthifolium Boiss. extract from Kolakchal region, Tehran Province
ZAHRA SADAT AGHAKHAH RAZLIGHI Rustaiyan Abdolhossein Kambiz LarijaniThis plant Verbascum cheiranthifolium Boiss. belonging to the Scrophulariaceae family, is derived from traditional Iranian medicine and vicinal countries which is used both edible and topical for treatment. For the first time in this research the amount of total phenol, MoreThis plant Verbascum cheiranthifolium Boiss. belonging to the Scrophulariaceae family, is derived from traditional Iranian medicine and vicinal countries which is used both edible and topical for treatment. For the first time in this research the amount of total phenol, Flavonoid and antioxidant property of aerial parts extract of plant of Iran in the Kolakchal area (Tehran-Iran) were investigated. To measure The amount of Phenol and Flavonoid respectively is used from reagents Folin- Ciocalteu and Alcl3 and the method DPPH is used to measure the Antioxidant potential. The result showed the phenolic content for samples respectively 0.925 milligram of galic acid per gram dry weight and 18.887 milligram quercetin per gram dry weight. In evaluation of antioxidant potential by method DPPH amount of Ic50 for BHT 72301/428 µgr/ml and for the extract is 45829/364 µgr/ml. As a result, the antioxidant activity of this plant have higher potential against the antioxidant synthesis of BHT. The results of this study showed that this plant has a good antioxidant power against a variety of oxidative systems and as an accessible natural antioxidant can be used in food and pharmaceutical industries. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
39 - Extraction and measurement of β-Carbolines and evaluation of antioxidant properties of leaf and seed extract of Spand (P.harmala) of Zahedan
Saeedeh Fahimi Shahrbanoo Oryan Ramesh Ahmadi Akram Eidiβ-Carbolines are an alkaloid containing indole group that easily passes through the blood-brain barrier and change the concentration of neurotransmitters, as well as a range of neurophysiological and toxic effects, including effects on body temperature, seizures, a Moreβ-Carbolines are an alkaloid containing indole group that easily passes through the blood-brain barrier and change the concentration of neurotransmitters, as well as a range of neurophysiological and toxic effects, including effects on body temperature, seizures, anti-depressant activity, vascular dilatation, anti-cumulative effects of platelets and effects on appetite. The aim of this study was to extract and measure β-Carboline and also phenolic compounds of Spand (p.harmala) collected from Zahedan. Further phytochemical analysis of extracts was carried out and the quantitative and qualitative analysis included identification of anthocyanins, flavonoids, tannins, anthraquinones, an antioxidant test of extract, FT-IR analysis of extract, quantitative and qualitative analysis of HPLC extract and alkaloids. The results showed that although the antioxidant properties of methanolic extract from leaves are higher (due to the presence of flavonoids and phenolic compounds) than the methanolic extract seeds, the amount of β-Carboline in the seeds of this plant (p.harmala) is higher. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
40 - The effect of extraction conditions using ultrasonic and maceration methods on the extraction rate of phenolic compounds and the extraction efficiency of jujube fruit (Ziziphus spp.)
Zahra Khoshdouni Farahani Mohammad Ali h MousaviBackground: Plants are among the most important sources of phenolic compounds, which also include natural antioxidants. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of two methods of extraction by ultrasonic bath and maceration on the extraction of phenolic compo MoreBackground: Plants are among the most important sources of phenolic compounds, which also include natural antioxidants. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of two methods of extraction by ultrasonic bath and maceration on the extraction of phenolic compounds from jujube fruit using water and 80% ethanol solvents. Methods: In the ultrasonic bath method, water and 80% ethanol solvents were used in three time levels of 15, 30 and 60 minutes and two temperature levels of 50 and 70 °C. In the maceration method, water and 80% ethanol solvents and their combinations were used and the content of phenolic compounds using the Folin-Ciocalteu method and the extraction efficiency of the extracts were determined. Results: Based on the results of ultrasonic bath extraction method, 80% ethanol solvent, 60 minutes and 50 °C extracted the highest content of phenolic compounds (86.33 mg GAE/100 g of dry sample) from the fruit and the extraction efficiency of its extract was 95.66%. In the maceration extraction method, 80% ethanol solvent extracted the highest content of phenolic compounds (61.40 mg GAE/100 g of dry sample) and the extraction efficiency of the extract was 77%. Conclusion: According to the results of both methods, the content of extraction of bioactive compounds based on the type of solvent, temperature and time were significantly different and 80% ethanol solvent was the best solvent for the extraction of compounds. Ultrasonic extraction had a significant effect on the extraction of phenolic compounds of jujube fruit. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
41 - Evaluation of antioxidant activity of water and ethanol extract of asgari grape residue
Seyed Hashem AkhlaghiIn this study, water and ethanol extracts of grape residuum was prepared by ultrasound and percolation extraction methods. The total amount of phenolic compounds present in the extracts was determined by of Folin ciocalteu method, free radical scavenging strength was de MoreIn this study, water and ethanol extracts of grape residuum was prepared by ultrasound and percolation extraction methods. The total amount of phenolic compounds present in the extracts was determined by of Folin ciocalteu method, free radical scavenging strength was determined by DPPH method and chelating ability of iron ion was determined by Ferrozine assay. Analysis of variance with SAS program showed that the effect of solvent, time, intensity and interaction [intensity × time] and [intensity × solvent] and [Time × solvent] on the strength of radical scavenging has significant difference in 0.01 (one percent) between the experimental levels. Comparison of means showed that the 50% radical scavenging power (IC50) of ethanol extract is more than aqueous extract. Maximum radical scavenging power for ultrasound extract was observed at 40 minutes sonication and minimum power was observed at 30 minutes sonication. Increase the intensity of ultrasound can reduce radical scavenging power, while its maximum was observed in the intensity of 20% and its minimum in the intensity of 40 percent. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
42 - Simulation of the interaction of the enzyme Fumarate reductase with Nizatidine and comparison with the inhibitory effect some Yarrow compounds of the plant to enhance the effects of Metronidazole on Helicobacter pylori in Insilico
khadijeh tavakoli hafshejani ali kazemi babahydari afsaneh nikkhahHelicobacter pylorus is a spiral-shaped bacterium that is Microaerophilic and gastric ulcer and gastritis is still a major factor. Fumarat reductase (FRD), a key enzyme in the anaerobic respiration Helicobacter pylori. Recently, the effect of some medications, includin MoreHelicobacter pylorus is a spiral-shaped bacterium that is Microaerophilic and gastric ulcer and gastritis is still a major factor. Fumarat reductase (FRD), a key enzyme in the anaerobic respiration Helicobacter pylori. Recently, the effect of some medications, including drug nizatidine inhibit FRD activity in H. pylori has been shown to inhibit cell growth and leads to cell death The aim of this study was to compare the antimicrobial effects of compounds on enzyme FRD yarrow plant molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations are used. For this purpose, three-dimensional structure of compounds taken yarrow and optimized with Gaussian software and how to connect the components (energy connection) FRD enzyme was determined after modeling three-dimensional structure of the enzyme with the application Mdlr (Modeller10.14) and to evaluate and compare the results of yarrow compounds bind to the enzyme FRD of Nizatidine drug that has proven its effectiveness on FRD were used in docking studies and then yarrow compounds, three compounds had the highest binding energy for molecular dynamics simulations on FRD were selected enzymes. Complex molecular dynamics simulations using the best connection from docking were obtained after 10 nanoseconds of simulation showed that the calculated root mean square displacement (RMSD) fumarate reductase enzyme backbone of the entire simulation is almost homogenous. Indicating that the enzyme was stable during the simulation; Calculation distance of the center of gravity low thymol also stated that the distance between the three combined to better the enzyme's effect. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
43 - One-Pot Synthesis of Some Heterocyclic Organic Compounds by Magnetic Nanoparticles and its Application in Electrosynthesis of Silver Nanoparticles
Seyed Hashem AkhlaghiHeterocyclic compounds are a subset of cyclic compounds inwhich the ring-forming atoms are composed of two or more different typesof atoms. Heterocyclic chemistry is an important part of organic chemistrythat studies the properties, production methods, and reactions ofh MoreHeterocyclic compounds are a subset of cyclic compounds inwhich the ring-forming atoms are composed of two or more different typesof atoms. Heterocyclic chemistry is an important part of organic chemistrythat studies the properties, production methods, and reactions ofheterocyclic compounds. Among the heterocyclic compounds, pirans areone of the most important and valuable categories of heterocycles that havemany applications in medicine and therapy. In this project, we intend tosynthesize three of the Pirans derivatives under temperature and refluxconditions. The purpose of synthesizing these derivatives is theimmobilization of Ag nanoparticle, with uniform distribution, on thesurface of glassy carbon electrode such that the electrocatalytic current ofAg nanoparticle be constant. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
44 - Preparation of Biocompatible Polyvinyl Alcohol Composite Nanofibers Containing Artemisia aucheri Extract with Desirable Antibacterial Properties
V. Nezamabadi M.R. Akhgar B. Tahamipour P. Rajaei -
Open Access Article
45 - اثر سطوح مختلف پروتئین جیره بر شاخص های رشد و ترکیب بیوشیمیایی بدن خیار دریایی(Holothuria scabra) در مرحله جوانی
حمید علاف نوریان آبتین بیایانی -
Open Access Article
46 - Research onthe Process Of Knee’s school
Ahmadreza Yalameha Moslem RajabiPoetry andmysticism have long history with Together and deep and unbreakable’sbond. Mysticpoets in the sky of Persian literature and poetry cause link of literature and mysticism to more tightly. Among theseare Poets that Although they arenotmystic. But with the publi MorePoetry andmysticism have long history with Together and deep and unbreakable’sbond. Mysticpoets in the sky of Persian literature and poetry cause link of literature and mysticism to more tightly. Among theseare Poets that Although they arenotmystic. But with the publication and development of mystical terms, mysticism heat have doubled and Andhave usedmoremystical terms. Each of the terms that were common among the mystics, has a specific meaning. One of the mystical-literari’s terms is "the process of the knee" that Many poets of the Persian language and literature,often in hispoems andspeeches referred andStated that htis school has many benefits for the seeker and the mystic and his followers. Because process and knees cometogether thisfactcan bereached that the Sufipoetsandtheconscious have believed that this process In fact can lead to higher authority Followers and leishmaniasis. This study attempts to explain the various manifestations ofthis school with analytical-descriptive metod. Because thisisa newresearch and thisresearch and Andin the valleymysticismis important Canincludevaluablefindings. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
47 - Defense responses of apple treated with the yeast Pichia guilliermondii and silicon against Penicillium expansum
Leila Farahani Hassan Reza EtebarianIn this study variation of Peroxidase activity and phenolic compounds were studied after treating with Pichia guilliermondii (A6) and silicon (Si) and inoculation with Penicillium expansum (F1). The samples were taken in zero, second, fourth, sixth and eighth days after MoreIn this study variation of Peroxidase activity and phenolic compounds were studied after treating with Pichia guilliermondii (A6) and silicon (Si) and inoculation with Penicillium expansum (F1). The samples were taken in zero, second, fourth, sixth and eighth days after pathogen inoculation. The results showed that Peroxidase activity increased during these days and achieved the highest activity in sixth and eighth days. These results indicated that the phenolic compounds were in maximum amount in the second day after pathogen inoculation. These findings emphasized that increase in peroxidase activity and phenolic compounds could be the reason for induction of resistance in apple fruits. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
48 - کاربرد بلاغی واژگان مرکّب بر ساخته از نام حیوانات در قصاید خاقانی
seyedeh- narjes moosavi sooteh morteza mohseni -
Open Access Article
49 - The study of relationship between molecular descriptors and LD50 of organophosphate pesticides
E. Mohammadinasab M. kianpourThe organophosphate pesticides are considered as dangerous chemical pesticides for human health. The possibility of absorbing these toxins through the skin is accessible to many researchers who have been studying the toxicity of organophosphate compounds. Experimental m MoreThe organophosphate pesticides are considered as dangerous chemical pesticides for human health. The possibility of absorbing these toxins through the skin is accessible to many researchers who have been studying the toxicity of organophosphate compounds. Experimental methods are time-consuming and high cost, and they come with a lot of dangers. Quantitative structure activity/property relationship studies provide the capability to access data, information and physico-chemical properties of chemical compounds, using the methods and modeling. In this study, the multiple regression linear method and the artificial neural network with multi-layer perceptron (MLP) model were used to investigate the quantitative relationship of LD50 (mgkg-1) toxicity index with some molecular descriptors of some organophosphate compounds. Investigation of correlation coefficients and root mean square errors values of final models in this study showed that ANN method using the MLP model was higher than the MLR method for prediction of LD50(mgkg-1) of organophosphates compounds. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
50 - The effect of several inorganic compounds on oviposition and egg hatching rate of common pistachio psylla Agonoscena pistaciae Burckhardt & Lauterer (Hem.: Psyllidae) in orchard conditions
K. Ahmadi m. asadi B. ValizadehCommon pistachio psylla, Agonoscena pistaciae Burckhardt & Lauterer is a serious economic pest of pistachio orchards in the world. Chemical control is a widely applied method to manage this pest problem. The intensive use of chemical insecticides has led to the MoreCommon pistachio psylla, Agonoscena pistaciae Burckhardt & Lauterer is a serious economic pest of pistachio orchards in the world. Chemical control is a widely applied method to manage this pest problem. The intensive use of chemical insecticides has led to the development of resistant populations of the common pistachio psylla and environmental hazards. It seems that the use of inorganic compounds as insecticides is one of the ways to reduce the residual amount of dangerous toxins. In this study, the insecticidal effects of 10 kinds of inorganic compounds (subarkose, calcite, biomicrite, granite, coarse crystal sparitic limestone, monzogabbro, fine crystal sparitic limestone, monzodiorite, oomicrite and pelsparite) on oviposition and egg hatching rate were investigated. The results showed that the treated leaves with monzogabbro (0.00 ± 0.00), granite (0.54 ± 0.01), biomicrite (1.50 ± 0.21) and calcite (1.56 ± 0.17) at a concentration of 50 g/l were reported to have the greatest decrease in terms of the oviposition rate of the pest in the first year. The results of oviposition rate in the second year indicated that the treated leaves with biomicrite had a significant increase compared to calcite, granite and control. This study also showed that biomicrite treatment could not make any changes in the process of egg hatching. So, based on the results of the present study, monzogabbro, granite and calcite can be used to control pistachio psylla in pistachio orchards. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
51 - Susceptibility of larval stage of Tribolium confusum Duval (Col., Tenebrionidae) to IGR insecticides in vitro
S. Loni H. Farazmand A. Sheikhi-Gorjan Z. Rafiei-KarahrodiConfused flour beetle, Tribolium confusum Duval (Col., Tenebrionidae) is one of the most important stored product pests in Iran. Regarding the environmental risks of pesticides, scientists are exploring substitute compounds with less hazard MoreConfused flour beetle, Tribolium confusum Duval (Col., Tenebrionidae) is one of the most important stored product pests in Iran. Regarding the environmental risks of pesticides, scientists are exploring substitute compounds with less hazard to man and environment, such as RGRs. The purpose of this project is to evaluate the efficacy of three IGR insecticides, Teflubenzuron, Hexaflumuron and Pyriproxyfen on T. confusum larvae in laboratory condition. Different concentrations of the above insecticides have been used on 3-4 (young) and 17 day-old (old) larvae. Bioassay tests showed that Teflubenzuron (LC50=116.47) and Hexaflumuron (LC50=307.04) had the most and the least efficacy on young larvae, respectively. The most and the least efficacy, on old larvae have been induced by Teflubenzuron (LC50=135.51) and Pyriproxyfen (LC50=1513.95), respectively. Results showed that, mortality was directly correlated with the IGRs concentrations, and so young larvae of T. confusum were the most susceptible to IGR insecticides. These results revealed that, Teflubenzuron, chitin biosynthesis inhibitor, were the most effective and can be used safely for controling pest. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
52 - A review of the antioxidant compounds of plant sources in Iran
seyyed moein nazari mohammad malekiAntioxidants are compounds that delay oxidation in low concentrations. They are divided into two categories: natural and synthetic. The most used antioxidant groups in the food industry are synthetic phenolic antioxidants BHA, BHT, TBHQ and PG. These antioxidants are vo MoreAntioxidants are compounds that delay oxidation in low concentrations. They are divided into two categories: natural and synthetic. The most used antioxidant groups in the food industry are synthetic phenolic antioxidants BHA, BHT, TBHQ and PG. These antioxidants are volatile and sensitive to heat and are not favorable for food stability, on the other hand, their use threatens human health. For this reason, today scientists and researchers are trying to find natural compounds with antioxidant properties to replace natural antioxidants with synthetic antioxidants or to reduce their consumption. The results of the studies showed that plants are a rich source of phenolic compounds, flavonoids, tannins and other antioxidant compounds, which are the most important natural antioxidants.Nowadays, a wide group of plants and their extracts are considered as natural sources with antioxidant properties. The studies of carried out in Iran shows that edible and medicinal plants and their derivatives (essential oils, plant extracts) are widely used to prevent oxidative spoilage of food due to their strong and diverse antioxidant compounds. Among these, we can mention olive leaves, saffron petals, oregano, Froriepia subpinnata, Malva Sylvestris, Ferulago angulate, basil, hortensisj Sature, Salvia officinalis, turmeric, fennel, nettle, and black raspberry. Also, Dorema Aucheri, thyme, cinnamon and pomegranate peel have medicinal and therapeutic properties. Heizah grass plant is recommended as a health-giving and stabilizing combination of oils due to its easy access and cost-effectiveness in Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
53 - The Effect of Culture Medium, Organic Matter and Salinity on the Amount and Active Ingredients of Lemon Balm (Melissa officinalis L.) Essential Oil
Shima Rahmanian Abolhossein Aboutalebi Jahromi Mehdi Hoseini FarahiTo study the effect of culture medium, organic matter, and salinity on active compounds of lemon balm, a factorial experiment was conducted in completely randomized design with 3 replications. First factor (culture medium at three levels; compost+arable soil, vermicompo MoreTo study the effect of culture medium, organic matter, and salinity on active compounds of lemon balm, a factorial experiment was conducted in completely randomized design with 3 replications. First factor (culture medium at three levels; compost+arable soil, vermicompost+arable soil, and compost+vermicompost+arable soil), second factor (organic matter; humic acid (HA) and effective microorganisms (EM) both 5 per 1000); and third factor (salinity; tap water, 40 and 80mM). Examination of essential oils by the GC method revealed the presence of 34 compounds. These compounds were affected by substrate and salinity. The major constituents of essential oils including Trans-carveol, Carvacrol acetate, Isoborneol, Isopulegol and γ-3-Carene were observed in the combined substrate of arable soil+compost+vermicompost, and the highest levels of 1,3,8-P-menthatriene, Citronellol, and γ-Terpinene were observed in the combined substrate of arable soil+compost. With increasing salinity, amount of Trans-carveol, Carvacrol acetate, γ-Terpinene, Isoborneol, Citronellol increased, and γ-3-Carene, Isopulegol and 1,3,8-P-menthatriene decreased significantly. The highest percentages of Trans-carveol (21.85), Isoborneol (12.90), Carvacrol acetate (11.78) were observed in the salinity of 80mM in combined substrate of arable soil+compost+ vermicompost. The highest percentage of Citronellol (11.12) and γ-Terpinene (9.87) were recorded under compost substrate. In the control and with a combined substrate of arable soil+compost, the highest percentage of compounds, including 1,3,8,P-menthatriene (9.93) was observed. Finally, the combined substrate of arable soil+compost+vermicompost caused the highest percentages of Isopulegol (8.98) and γ-3-Carene (8.47). Application of HA could increase the main constituents, in lemon balm. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
54 - Drying Peppermint Medicinal plant (Mentha piperita) using Combinations of Shade and Microwave Treatments –Part Two: Investigating the Effects of Treatments on some Phytochemical Properties of Dried Leaves
Fatemeh Roozdar Majid Azizi askar ghaniDrying is the most common way to preserve medicinal plants and protect their biochemical compounds. In order to investigate the effect of different drying methods on some phytochemical properties of Mentha piperitae, including the content of total phenolics, total flavo MoreDrying is the most common way to preserve medicinal plants and protect their biochemical compounds. In order to investigate the effect of different drying methods on some phytochemical properties of Mentha piperitae, including the content of total phenolics, total flavonoids, flavon and flavonol, and also antioxidant activity and total carbohydrates, two experiments were conducted separately based on a completely randomized design with three repetitions. The results showed a significant effect of different drying methods on the studied traits (p<0.05). In simple drying, the maximum amount of total phenolics, total flavonoid, flavone and flavonols related to fresh sample, while the minimum amount of these compounds was obtained in oven treatment with a temperature of 70oC, but in the combined drying method, the maximum amount of total phenolics, total flavonoid and flavon and flavonol were found in the combination treatment of shade + microwave 450 W, and the minimum amount was observed in the microwave drying method of 100 W + shade. Also, in the simple drying method, samples dried in artificial shade with 88.83% and in combined drying with treatment shade + 450 W microwave with 0.48% had the maximum antioxidant activity. Therefore, it can be concluded that in the simple drying of the fresh sample and in the combined drying of the shade + 450 W microwave method, they will be very favorable because they will maintain the biochemical characteristics. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
55 - Additional compounds confluence with knowledge of grammar and rhetoric, stylistics (relying on Kalila)
Samere Shahgoli Mohammad MojaveziOne of the remarkable features of the Persian language, the additional compounds that presents the relationship between addition and possessive.This means that the combined addition of possessive always the same and not the same, but different relationships such as owne MoreOne of the remarkable features of the Persian language, the additional compounds that presents the relationship between addition and possessive.This means that the combined addition of possessive always the same and not the same, but different relationships such as ownership, allocation, metaphor, and the addition of a non-possessive And this has led many people in the grammar of views and a variety of criteria and its variants provide additional division of the chaotic and haphazard And inconsistent with the standards and scope of language and grammar. In this study, to investigate the nature and value of a variety of additional compounds as well as their relationship with knowledge, such as rhetorical and stylistic discussed. And then the composition of the index of technical prose, the Kalila, is studied. The research result shows that the division of additional linguists, and literary meaning is based on criteria and standards .Not merely formal and structural grammar is concerned. They also use more and more prominent in poetry and literature To the everyday language of the grammar it deals. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
56 - Investigation of Factors Affecting the Diffusion of cadmium from Electronic Waste In soil environments
homan BahmanpourElectronic and electrical wastes are special types of wastes whose main components include capacitors, transistors, ICs, electronic circuits, cathode and anode components, and have toxicity, pathogenicity and stability in the environment and even in the corpuscles, corr MoreElectronic and electrical wastes are special types of wastes whose main components include capacitors, transistors, ICs, electronic circuits, cathode and anode components, and have toxicity, pathogenicity and stability in the environment and even in the corpuscles, corrosive installations and Equipment and the like. Accordingly, the purpose of this study is to investigate and identify the effective factors in the liberation of these metals and especially the cadmium element in the surrounding environment. To investigate this, the effect of different factors such as temperature, pH, HMC and time on the release of cadmium from these wastes to soil environments has been studied. For this purpose, the selected parts were analyzed and examined. The results indicate that in the soil environment, the level of cadmium penetration in very acidic and very alkaline pH increases the amount of release. Also, in the soil environment, the increase in temperature increases the penetration of the cadmium element in the environment, and the effect of the contact time parameter is also proportional to the pH variation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
57 - Effect of Palizin, Diflubenzuron, Chlorpyrifos, Deltamethrin and Hexaflumuron on bio- demographic characteristic and feeding index of Flour moth, Anagasta kuehniella, (Lep: Pyralidae)
Bahramullah Tavakoli Maryam Ajam HosniFlour moth Anagasta kuehniella (Lep: Pyralidae) is one of the stored product’s and nut’s pests which controlling of it, is highly essential. In the present study, the sub lethal of these mixtures Palizin, Diflubenzuron, Chlorpyrifos, Deltamethrin and Hexaflu MoreFlour moth Anagasta kuehniella (Lep: Pyralidae) is one of the stored product’s and nut’s pests which controlling of it, is highly essential. In the present study, the sub lethal of these mixtures Palizin, Diflubenzuron, Chlorpyrifos, Deltamethrin and Hexaflumuron on index of bio- demographic of third instar larval, pupa and adult stage of flour moth and pest feeding indices are examined. Larvae of flour moth were grown under the experiment conditions: temperature 25±3, humidity 40±5 percent and light period 14:10 hours. In order to calculate food indices used of the floured disks covered in poisons. The minimum larva period, the minimum pupal period and the minimum pupa weight were 14±0.4 day, 7.75±0.25 day and 0.016±0.0004 gram respectively, related to Palizin and the maximum larva period, the maximum pupal period and the maximum pupa weight were 19.75±0.25 day, 9.75±0.25 day and 0.012±0.0004 gram respectively, related to Deltamethrin. Also the minimum amounts of oviposition and the minimum amounts of eggs hatching percent and the minimum percent of perfect insects exit were 237±2.27, 61±0.81 percent and 27.5±2.5 percent, respectively and the maximum amounts of these were 247.75±1.25, 73.75±0.47 percent and 42.5±2.5 percent, respectively related to Deltamethrin. In the results of calculation of feeding index, Deltamethrin treatment had the minimum amounts of the relative growth rate, the relative usage rate and the efficiency index of transforming swallowed food in third instar larvae and the maximum of these related to Palizin. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
58 - In vitro of essential oils effects on mycellial growth of Fusarium solani the causal of storage disease Fusarium Dry Rot of potato on their tubers.
Roya Tavousi Mohammad Torabi Hosain VafaeiThe use of antifungal compounds such as essential oils for the preservation of natural fruits during the storage period has dramatically been rising. In this study, the individual essential oils of Majorom (Origamum marjorana), wild mint (Mentha longifolia) and Summer s MoreThe use of antifungal compounds such as essential oils for the preservation of natural fruits during the storage period has dramatically been rising. In this study, the individual essential oils of Majorom (Origamum marjorana), wild mint (Mentha longifolia) and Summer savory (Satureja khuzistanica) were employed for the control of corruption of tubers during the storage period. In this study, the antifungal activity of essential oils was investigated on growth a specie of plant pathogenic fungus (Fusarium solani)on PDA medium and tuber tissues. Antifungal activity on PDA medium were measured by disk diffusion and volatile essential oil methods. To evaluate the effects of the essential oils on fungal growth in tuber tissue, the potato were inoculated with 30 µl of spore suspension (106 spore/ml), and then tubers were sprayed with 4 and 20 µl/ml of the essential oils. Seven days after inoculation, tubers were evaluated in terms of pollution. To calculate the percentage of infected tuber was divided into eight parts and the number of infected tuber fungus pathogen contamination in 12.5% multiplication and percentages were calculated. Data were analyzed as a completely randomized design with three replications. Essential oils has showed Significant inhibitory effect on fungus growth. The results showed that most inhibition of growth in a paper disk method was in order for fungus F. solani related to the essential oil of summer savory 59.41 percent, respectively and volatile essential oil methods was related to the essential oil of Summer savory was 41.12 percent respectively. The results inoculated of the tuber tissue with a spore suspension F. solani showed that respectively treatment (20µl/ml) of Majorom (with 27.08% of disease) had the most inhibitory against pathogen Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
59 - Review article on the functional and antioxidant properties of ginger
Fatemeh kavian Azam RivandiAntioxidants are compounds that protect against cell damage caused by molecules called free radicals. These free radicals cause damage to DNA, cell membrane and enzymes. Various food sources rich in antioxidants, such as fruits, vegetables, spices, and types of tea... r MoreAntioxidants are compounds that protect against cell damage caused by molecules called free radicals. These free radicals cause damage to DNA, cell membrane and enzymes. Various food sources rich in antioxidants, such as fruits, vegetables, spices, and types of tea... reduce the effect of free radicals or oxidative stress. Ginger is a plant with the scientific name Zingiber officinale, whose rhizome is used as a medicine to treat a wide range of diseases in the form of fresh, powder, spice, oil and extract. Scientific studies have shown that ginger has many bioactive compounds, among these compounds we can mention 6-gingerol, which is one of the main factors responsible for the pungency of ginger and has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-tumor properties. Ginger is related to it. Also, the use of ginger in food improves the physicochemical properties of different food products. This presented article is the result of the results of published articles related to the functional properties of ginger based on review and research studies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
60 - Fermented fish sauce review article
Fatemeh Kavian Fish sauce is a famous semi-fermented product that is consumed in Southeast Asia including Thailand, Cambodia, Malaysia, Philippines and Indonesia. In Iran, a kind of local fish sauce is also produced, which is called Mahyaveh, Maveh, Mahveh or Suragh. Mahyaveh is More Fish sauce is a famous semi-fermented product that is consumed in Southeast Asia including Thailand, Cambodia, Malaysia, Philippines and Indonesia. In Iran, a kind of local fish sauce is also produced, which is called Mahyaveh, Maveh, Mahveh or Suragh. Mahyaveh is traditionally produced in the southern provinces of Iran, including Fars and Hormozgan cities, by the natives, and it is generally prepared from sardine fish or anchovy fish, along with salt, mustard and water. This product is obtained by breaking down fish proteins in the presence of high salt concentration. The purpose of this study is to investigate nitrogen properties and bioactive compounds of fish sauce. The findings obtained from various articles show that fish sauce is not only a flavoring, but biochemical tests indicate that this product has a suitable environment of essential amino acids for the body and is very valuable in terms of nutrition. . According to the results of this study, fish sauce is a nutritious product with favorable and beneficial quality properties. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
61 - Functional and antioxidant properties of ginger
Azam Rivandi Fatemeh kavianAntioxidants are compounds that protect against cell damage caused by molecules called free radicals. These free radicals cause damage to DNA, cell membrane and enzymes. Various food sources rich in antioxidants such as fruits, vegetables, spices and types of tea reduce MoreAntioxidants are compounds that protect against cell damage caused by molecules called free radicals. These free radicals cause damage to DNA, cell membrane and enzymes. Various food sources rich in antioxidants such as fruits, vegetables, spices and types of tea reduce the effect of free radicals or oxidative stress. Ginger is a plant with the scientific name Zingiber officinale, whose rhizome is used as a medicine to treat a wide range of diseases in the form of fresh, powder, spice, oil and extract. Scientific studies have shown that ginger has many bioactive compounds that among these compounds, we can mention 6-gingerol, which is one of the main factors responsible for the pungency of ginger, and the anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antitumor properties of ginger are related to it. Also, the use of ginger in food improves the physicochemical properties of different food products. This presented article is the result of the results of published articles related to the functional properties of ginger based on review and research studies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
62 - Investigation on germination and phenolic content of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) in response to cell phone radiation
Elham Rajabbeigi Mohammadreza RoustaNowadays, the use of cell phone has increased with the modernization. It has led to the increase in the radiations in the environment which further has effect on the plants and animals including human beings. In this research, the grains of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) MoreNowadays, the use of cell phone has increased with the modernization. It has led to the increase in the radiations in the environment which further has effect on the plants and animals including human beings. In this research, the grains of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) were placed in petridish and the mobile phone set was placed over them and it was activated by calling from another phone. The grains under the treatment for 14 days, were radiated for 10 minutes every day. After the treatment, the effects of cell phone waves on tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) seedlings were investigated and the percentage of germination, radical scavengering capacity, and phenolics were examined in compared to control samples. It was observed that radiations emitted from cell phone show considerable increasing in the germination percentage and lipid peroxidation. Radical scavenging activity (RSA) and protein content were declined in response to cell phone radiations. Increasing of seed germination could be caused by inducing gene expression in response to cell phone radiations. It seems that although the decrease in radical scavenging activity, ROS was increased. It could be led to lipid degradation in compare to control ones. Total phenolics decreased in response to phone radiation. It seems that cell phone radiation can affect cells through the membrane degeneration and the production of reactive oxygen species. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
63 - Evaluation of changes in nitrogen, zinc, potassium sources and their combined application on some growth factors and physiological traits flavonoid , phenolic compounds and Anthocyanin of maize (Zea mays L.) cultivar single cross 704
Tahereh Tavan Mohammad Ali Rezaei Mehr Ali Mahmood JanlouIntroduction: Corn is one of the valuable agricultural plants whose diversity, adaptability and high nutritional value have placed it among the most important agricultural plants in the world. Foliar spraying of nitrogen, zinc and potassium fertilizers on corn plants ca MoreIntroduction: Corn is one of the valuable agricultural plants whose diversity, adaptability and high nutritional value have placed it among the most important agricultural plants in the world. Foliar spraying of nitrogen, zinc and potassium fertilizers on corn plants can provide farmers and researchers with very good information about the effect of nitrogen, zinc and potassium fertilizer consumption in the climatic conditions of Golestan province.Aim: Considering the medicinal effects of corn cob and its importance in medicine and the presence of special effective substances in this connection in corn silk, it seems that their quantity and quality are affected by the use of nitrogen, zinc, and potassium. Therefore, examining these changes is one of the practical goals of this research.Materials and methods: In order to evaluate the changes resulted from nitrogen, zinc, potassium and their simultaneous application were done on some morphophysiological traits of single cross 704 hybrid maize as a randomized complete block design with four replications in spring and summer of 2019 in Golestan province, the Katoul farm. Treatments included nitrogen(N), potassium(P), zinc(Z) fertilizer and combined application of nitrogen+potassium(NP), nitrogen+zinc(NZ), potassium+zinc(PZ) and their combined application of nitrogen+potassium+zinc(NPZ) with control. The results showed the traits were affected by fertilizer sources significantly (p≤ 0.01).Results: The studied treatments had a significant effect on the traits of height to the first corn, number of rows, ear length and ear diameter at the time of full ripening at the probability level of (p≤ 0.01). With the application of zinc, nitrogen and potassium elements, a significant increase in the content of phenolic compounds of leaves, silk and corn seeds was observed. The flavonoids of leaves, silk and seeds were influenced by the supply of nitrogen (N), zinc (Zn), potassium (K) fertilizers and their simultaneous application. Leaf anthocyanin in foliar spraying treatments with single potassium fertilizer, due to creating optimal conditions, most of the current energy of the plant was spent in the direction of growth, development and increasing the yield of treated plants, so the biosynthesis and production of anthocyanin in corn leaves with single application of potassium was less, but silk anthocyanin And the seed with single application of potassium and simultaneous application of potassium+nitrogen, potassium+zinc, potassium+nitrogen+zinc showed a significant increase compared to the control. Conclusion: according to the obtained results, the simultaneous application of fertilizers is recommended to increase the morpho-physiological traits and yield of plants. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
64 - Phytochemical investigation of the extract of Astragalus tragacantha collected from the vegetative areas of Meshkin Shahr and its antimicrobial effects on some common oral and dental bacteria
Hojjat Eghbal Mehdi Ahmadi SabeghIntroduction and purpose: Recently, due to the increasing resistance of microorganisms to common antibiotics, the use of phenolic and antimicrobial compounds in medicinal plants has received special attention.Materials and methods: Gon extract was extracted by maceratio MoreIntroduction and purpose: Recently, due to the increasing resistance of microorganisms to common antibiotics, the use of phenolic and antimicrobial compounds in medicinal plants has received special attention.Materials and methods: Gon extract was extracted by maceration method and their phenolic compounds were identified by HPLC, the antimicrobial effect of the extract was investigated in concentrations (25, 50 and 100 µg/ml). These bacteria included common microbes and fungi, including Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sanguinis, Streptococcus salivaris, Streptococcus subrinus, Escherichia coli, Icnella cordens, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Disc diffusion and MIC methods were used to investigate the antimicrobial activity of the extracts.Findings: In the investigation of the effect of the desired extract on bacteria, it was found that the medicinal plant Gon has the least inhibitory effect against Streptococcus sanguinis bacteria and the most inhibitory effect on Candida glabrata fungus. The results of the MIC test also confirm these effectsConclusion: According to the phytochemical results obtained from the extract of this research, it can be stated that the studied medicinal plant has antibacterial phenolic compounds. Therefore, the results of the research showed that the extract of the medicinal plant Goon has a suitable anti-microbial effect against the bacteria causing oral and dental infections, and it was expressed as an alternative to the standard drugs chlorhexidine and nystatin. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
65 - Investigation of medicinal compounds and analysis of food supplements formulated from cereals
Hojjat Eghbal Mehdi Ahmadi SabeghFood supplements are one of the most important and widely used products in the field of health, which have their own special supplements, classifications and subsets. Today, plant sources are receiving more and more attention as substitutes for chemicals in medicines an MoreFood supplements are one of the most important and widely used products in the field of health, which have their own special supplements, classifications and subsets. Today, plant sources are receiving more and more attention as substitutes for chemicals in medicines and food supplements, so this research aims to The investigation of medicinal compounds and the analysis of food supplements formulated from cereals were carried out. After preparation of plant samples and formulation, extraction by maceration method and identification of its constituent compounds was done by high-performance liquid chromatography-HPLC device, and then analysis and mineral elements of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, sodium, Iron, zinc, manganese, copper and cadmium were measured by flame photometer and atomic absorption spectrophotometer using a more digestible method using nitric acid, hydrochloric acid and perchloric acid according to AOC standard methods and compared with each other. According to the results of the extract analysis, it was observed that the studied sample has 31.76% of phenolic compounds, of which 41.2% is gallic acid, and the most substance belongs to alpha-linolenic acid with It is 26.80 percent, it also has 43.51 mg/g of omega 3, 58.44 mg/g of omega 6 and 19.24 mg/g of omega 9, as well as various vitamins from The content was 52.4 mg of vitamin C and 63.6 micrograms of vitamin K. Based on the review of medicinal compounds and the analysis of food supplements formulated from grains and the results of extract analysis, it was observed that the studied food supplement has phenolic index compounds as well as macro and micro minerals and very effective vitamins. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
66 - Density Functional Theory studies of heterocyclic compounds furan and pyrrole
Leili Rahimi Zahra JavanshirIn the present investigation, HOMO-LUMO energy gap, polarizability, structural parameters, molecular mass, hardness, softness, chemical potential of the heterocyclic compounds furan and pyrrole in the gas phase were calculated. Density Functional Theory calculations wer MoreIn the present investigation, HOMO-LUMO energy gap, polarizability, structural parameters, molecular mass, hardness, softness, chemical potential of the heterocyclic compounds furan and pyrrole in the gas phase were calculated. Density Functional Theory calculations were performed by the B3LYP method with 6-311++G(3df,3pd) basis set on the compounds. The bond length of R(1,2) of pyrrole larger value of furan and the bond length of the R(2,3) of furan have the larger value of pyrrole. Furan and pyrrole present polarizability of 48.45834 and 54.29600 a.u. at the B3LYP method, respectively. The HOMO–LUMO energy gap of 6.36730 and 5.63534 ev were obtained for the furan and pyrrole using B3LYP method, respectively. According to the calculations, HOMO–LUMO energy gap, hardness of furan, and dipole moment, polarizability and softness of pyrrole in the gas phase have the largest values. The furan and the pyrrole have the most negative charge and negative electrical potential on O5 and N5 atoms respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
67 - Application of prebiotics in biofloc environment: Investigation of nitrogen compounds and growth performance of common carp (Cyprinus carpio)
hojat jafaryanAbstractThe present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of probiotics (A-max ultra and Celmanax) inoculated into the biofloc system on and water quality and the growth and feeding efficiency of common carp. In a completely random experimental de MoreAbstractThe present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of probiotics (A-max ultra and Celmanax) inoculated into the biofloc system on and water quality and the growth and feeding efficiency of common carp. In a completely random experimental design, 300 pieces of finger fish (4.09 ± 0.70 g) were distributed in fifteen 32 L tanks for 40 days. Two levels of prebiotic and one control was designed which include; 0 (T0), 0.1 and 0.2 mg/l A-max (T1 and T2), 0.1 and 0.2 mg/l Celmanax (T3 and T4) Inoculation in the culture water. The physical and chemical parameters of water were investigated in 4 stages (days 10, 20, 30 and 40 of the experiment). There was a statistical difference in the Ammonia concentration between experimental treatments, which decreased at the end of the experiment. The performance of growth and feeding of fish in biofloc treatments was significantly better than the control treatment. In general, the results showed that the use of A-max ultra and Celmanax probiotics in the biofloc environment can improve the water quality and growth performance of common carp. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
68 - Effect of heat drying on the biochemical compound, quality and sensory properties of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
Hadi AlemiAbstract[1] In this study, the biochemical composition, and quality and sensory properties of rainbow trout were studied by thermal drying process. For this purpose, the amount of moisture, protein, fat, ash and dried fish were measured and stored, as well as to th MoreAbstract[1] In this study, the biochemical composition, and quality and sensory properties of rainbow trout were studied by thermal drying process. For this purpose, the amount of moisture, protein, fat, ash and dried fish were measured and stored, as well as to the impact of this process on the composition of fatty acids, fatty acid profile of fresh fish and dried were determined. To evaluate the quality of tests measuring volatile nitrogenous bases, free fatty acids, pH and TBA were used. sensory properties were carried out in five Hedonic methods. The results showed that the drying rate from 16.70 to 28.89 percent protein and fat from 4.10 to 13.09 percent as reducing the amount of water during the drying of fish. Drying increases the saturated fatty acids and mono-unsaturated (4%) and a decrease in unsaturated fatty acids, especially polyunsaturated (26.7 percent), respectively. Drying temperature had a significant effect on the level of omega-3 fatty acids found in fish rainbow trout and its rate from 1.16 percent to 7.37 percent increase. During the drying of fish generally decreased during storage, this reduction was observed with greater intensity. The TBA from 0.032 to 1.065 varied TVBN rate and pH during storage showed a significantly increased. Free fatty acid content of fresh meat rainbow trout 0.36 percent during drying maintenance and 1.56, respectively, to 1.1 percent. Sensory characteristics of fish, most fish smell sensory factors except factor, fell slightly during drying during storage at refrigerator continued to decline. *-Corresponding Authors; rezkazemi2000@yahoo.com Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
69 - A review of different methods of green synthesis of nanoparticles by microalgae
bahareh nowruziThe use of microalgae for the synthesis of nanoparticles is a safe, environmentally friendly and inexpensive method with energy saving that produces nanoparticles of various shapes and sizes. Nanoparticles produced by microalgae have various biological, physical and che MoreThe use of microalgae for the synthesis of nanoparticles is a safe, environmentally friendly and inexpensive method with energy saving that produces nanoparticles of various shapes and sizes. Nanoparticles produced by microalgae have various biological, physical and chemical properties that have all-round applications as antimicrobial, anticancer, photocatalytic agents, etc. Although many studies have been conducted on biological synthesis using microorganisms, few studies have been conducted on the synthesis of nanoparticles using cyanobacteria. This article comprehensively describes the production of nanoparticles by cyanobacteria, the abiotic and biotic conditions of their biosynthesis, including lighting, pH, temperature, the type of synthesis process (extracellular and intracellular), the mechanisms related to biological synthesis, and also explain the factors affecting the synthesis process. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
70 - Application of minor compounds in detection of vegetable oils adulteration (Review Article)
F. Hashempour-Baltork M.A. Torbati S. Azadmard-DamirchiOils and fats have important roles in cooking, frying and salad dressings or in food formulations. Adulterants misusing from the oil market in different ways including blending expensive oils with cheaper ones or incorrect labeling to inform variety, geographical origin MoreOils and fats have important roles in cooking, frying and salad dressings or in food formulations. Adulterants misusing from the oil market in different ways including blending expensive oils with cheaper ones or incorrect labeling to inform variety, geographical origin and production process method. In recent years, researchers have suggested several methods for analyzing oils and determination of their minor and major compounds based on the high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography (GC) methods. The oils have a different composition of sterols, tocopherols, hydrocarbons, pigments, lignans and phenolic compounds which can be detected by HPLC and GC methods. The aim of this study was to evaluate and review the application of vegetable oil minor compounds including sterols, tocopherols, hydrocarbons, pigments, lignans, phenolic compounds and volatile compounds to detect of their adulteration. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
71 - The Effect of Thermal Sonication of Bioactive Compounds and some of the Quality Parameters of Sour Cherry Juice Compared to the usual Pasteurization Method
L. Hoshyar J. Hesari Sodeif Azadmard-Damirchi M. ŞengülThe purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of thermal sonication in comparison with the usual pasteurization method on the bioactive compounds and their contents in sour cherry juice.The treatments were: controlled sample, pasteurized sample (90 °C, 30 s MoreThe purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of thermal sonication in comparison with the usual pasteurization method on the bioactive compounds and their contents in sour cherry juice.The treatments were: controlled sample, pasteurized sample (90 °C, 30 sec), heated sample at 60 °C for 4,8,12 min, ultrasound sample without heating for same times with amplitudes of 24.4, 42.7, 61µm (50, 75, 100%), ultrasound sample with heating (60 °C) for same times and amplitudes. Pasteurization treatment caused a significant decrease of 31.7% in vitamin C content, 22.9% of phenolic content, 19.4% in the antioxidant content, 6.2% in anthocyanin content of the sour cherry juice. At maximum thermal ultrasound intensity and time of 12 minutes, 20.8% of vitamin C content was decreased. With increasing temperature, intensity and time of ultrasound, phenol content decreased. High intensities of ultrasound caused a significant decrease in anthocyanin content, in a way that in the intensity of 61 µm, 4 min and 60 °C, the anthocyanin content was reduced by 6.6%, respectively. In general, the results of this study indicate that increasing the intensity of ultrasound, temperature and treatment time reduced the positive effect of these treatments on qualitative properties and even reduced the bioactive compounds, that with regard to the combined results, 42.7 µm (75%) amplitude at 60 °C can be the most effective treatment in maintaining the qualitative characteristics of sour cherry juice compared to the pasteurization method Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
72 - Bioactive products of cyanobacteria and microalgae as valuable dietary and medicinal supplements
S. A.A. Anvar B. Nowruzi M. TalaCyanobacteria and microalgae have great potential to produce a wide variety of biotoxic and non-toxic biologically active compounds and could lead to the development of the food and pharmaceutical industries soon. The commercial proliferation of algae on a large scale i MoreCyanobacteria and microalgae have great potential to produce a wide variety of biotoxic and non-toxic biologically active compounds and could lead to the development of the food and pharmaceutical industries soon. The commercial proliferation of algae on a large scale is due to their ability to produce a wide range of valuable secondary metabolites such as polyunsaturated monounsaturated fatty acids, polysaccharides, glycerol, glycoproteins, antioxidant compounds, and antibiotics. Today, with the potential spread of bacterial resistance and reduced efficacy of existing antibiotics, researchers are looking to find new antibiotics among the products produced by microalgae. However, many cyanobacterial strains contain toxic compounds that cause the death of many humans and animals. In this review article, an attempt has been made to introduce valuable biologically active products along with various types of cyanotoxins in foods and treatment methods by collecting the latest research. It is hoped that the results of this study could pave the way for the introduction of valuable metabolites produced by cyanobacteria and microalgae in the food and pharmaceutical industries. TRANSLATE with x English Arabic Hebrew Polish Bulgarian Hindi Portuguese Catalan Hmong Daw Romanian Chinese Simplified Hungarian Russian Chinese Traditional Indonesian Slovak Czech Italian Slovenian Danish Japanese Spanish Dutch Klingon Swedish English Korean Thai Estonian Latvian Turkish Finnish Lithuanian Ukrainian French Malay Urdu German Maltese Vietnamese Greek Norwegian Welsh Haitian Creole Persian // TRANSLATE with COPY THE URL BELOW Back EMBED THE SNIPPET BELOW IN YOUR SITE Enable collaborative features and customize widget: Bing Webmaster Portal Back // TRANSLATE with x English Arabic Hebrew Polish Bulgarian Hindi Portuguese Catalan Hmong Daw Romanian Chinese Simplified Hungarian Russian Chinese Traditional Indonesian Slovak Czech Italian Slovenian Danish Japanese Spanish Dutch Klingon Swedish English Korean Thai Estonian Latvian Turkish Finnish Lithuanian Ukrainian French Malay Urdu German Maltese Vietnamese Greek Norwegian Welsh Haitian Creole Persian // TRANSLATE with COPY THE URL BELOW Back EMBED THE SNIPPET BELOW IN YOUR SITE Enable collaborative features and customize widget: Bing Webmaster Portal Back // TRANSLATE with x English Arabic Hebrew Polish Bulgarian Hindi Portuguese Catalan Hmong Daw Romanian Chinese Simplified Hungarian Russian Chinese Traditional Indonesian Slovak Czech Italian Slovenian Danish Japanese Spanish Dutch Klingon Swedish English Korean Thai Estonian Latvian Turkish Finnish Lithuanian Ukrainian French Malay Urdu German Maltese Vietnamese Greek Norwegian Welsh Haitian Creole Persian // TRANSLATE with COPY THE URL BELOW Back EMBED THE SNIPPET BELOW IN YOUR SITE Enable collaborative features and customize widget: Bing Webmaster Portal Back // TRANSLATE with x English Arabic Hebrew Polish Bulgarian Hindi Portuguese Catalan Hmong Daw Romanian Chinese Simplified Hungarian Russian Chinese Traditional Indonesian Slovak Czech Italian Slovenian Danish Japanese Spanish Dutch Klingon Swedish English Korean Thai Estonian Latvian Turkish Finnish Lithuanian Ukrainian French Malay Urdu German Maltese Vietnamese Greek Norwegian Welsh Haitian Creole Persian // TRANSLATE with COPY THE URL BELOW Back EMBED THE SNIPPET BELOW IN YOUR SITE Enable collaborative features and customize widget: Bing Webmaster Portal Back // TRANSLATE with x English Arabic Hebrew Polish Bulgarian Hindi Portuguese Catalan Hmong Daw Romanian Chinese Simplified Hungarian Russian Chinese Traditional Indonesian Slovak Czech Italian Slovenian Danish Japanese Spanish Dutch Klingon Swedish English Korean Thai Estonian Latvian Turkish Finnish Lithuanian Ukrainian French Malay Urdu German Maltese Vietnamese Greek Norwegian Welsh Haitian Creole Persian // TRANSLATE with COPY THE URL BELOW Back EMBED THE SNIPPET BELOW IN YOUR SITE Enable collaborative features and customize widget: Bing Webmaster Portal Back //TRANSLATE with xEnglishArabicHebrewPolishBulgarianHindiPortugueseCatalanHmong DawRomanianChinese SimplifiedHungarianRussianChinese TraditionalIndonesianSlovakCzechItalianSlovenianDanishJapaneseSpanishDutchKlingonSwedishEnglishKoreanThaiEstonianLatvianTurkishFinnishLithuanianUkrainianFrenchMalayUrduGermanMalteseVietnameseGreekNorwegianWelshHaitian CreolePersian // TRANSLATE with COPY THE URL BELOW BackEMBED THE SNIPPET BELOW IN YOUR SITE Enable collaborative features and customize widget: Bing Webmaster PortalBack// Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
73 - Comparison of the effect of hydroethanolic and aqueous solvents on functional potential and evaluation of active compounds in pumpkin extract (Cucurbita moschata) by GC/MS method
Z. Latifi S. Abediankenari Aliakbar MashayekhPumpkin (Cucurbita moschata) is one of the vegetables that has high nutritional value and bioactive compounds. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of hydroethanolic and aqueous solvents on the functional potential and to investigate the bioactive compounds o MorePumpkin (Cucurbita moschata) is one of the vegetables that has high nutritional value and bioactive compounds. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of hydroethanolic and aqueous solvents on the functional potential and to investigate the bioactive compounds of Pumpkin extract. For functional evaluation of extracts, the amount of ascorbic acid, total phenol and flavonoids, antioxidant capacity were performed by DPPH and FRAP methods and also the chemical compounds in the extracts were identified by GC/MS. The results showed highest levels of ascorbic acid, total phenol and flavonoids in the hydroethanolic extract were 98.66±13.29 mg/100g, 1.663±0.004 mg GA/100g and 0.381±0.01 mg QU/100g, respectively. Hydroethanolic extract showed the highest ability to inhibit DPPH radicals compared to aqueous extract in all prepared concentrations; so that hydroethanolic extract with a concentration of 800 μg/ml with 61.866% inhibition had the highest inhibitory properties. Detected chemical compounds in hydroethanolic and aqueous extracts using GC/MS were identified 16 and 7 chemical compounds, respectively, when the highest compound content in hydroethanolic extract equal to 34.86767% related to D-erythro-pentose, 2-deoxy and the aqueous extract was related to 5,2-dichlorophenol (74,2053%). The results of this study suggest the use of hydroethanolic solvent for higher extraction of bioactive compounds from pumpkin. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
74 - Comparing of thermal and cold plasma non-thermal pasteurization on bioactive compounds and microbial load of red orange juice (Sanguinello L.)
A. Olyaee Sh. Berenjy L. NateghiNon-thermal methods are introduced to lessen the color degradation and loss of nutritional compounds in fruit juices caused by conventional thermal pasteurization. This research aimed to investigate the effect of cold atmospheric gas phase plasma on physicochemical prop MoreNon-thermal methods are introduced to lessen the color degradation and loss of nutritional compounds in fruit juices caused by conventional thermal pasteurization. This research aimed to investigate the effect of cold atmospheric gas phase plasma on physicochemical properties, bioactive compounds, and microbial load of red orange juice. The results show a significant difference (p≤ 0.05) between the samples treated with cold plasma and thermally pasteurized ones, in terms of physicochemical characteristics (acidity, pH, Brix, and color), bioactive compounds (anthocyanin, total phenol, and vitamin C) and microbial load (yeast/mold population and aerobic bacteria). The microbial load in the samples treated with cold plasma was within the acceptable range approved by the Iranian National Standard. The highest values of bioactive compounds (anthocyanin 51.248 mg/l, total phenol 1988.2 mg/l, and vitamin C 398 mg/l) were observed in the cold plasma pasteurized sample (at 20 kV, for 10 min and atmospheric gas). These values were significantly (p≤ 0.05) higher than those of thermally-pasteurized samples. The results showed that by applying the cold plasma process for the pasteurization of red orange juice, along with obtaining a healthier product, more bioactive compounds are preserved. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
75 - Investigation of the antioxidant properties of metanolic peel extract of pomegranate (Punica granatum var. Rabbab)
Enayat Beriz Seyed Shahramr Shekarforoush Saeid HosseinzadehPlants are riched by phenolic compounds and considered as the main natural antioxidants. Many efforts have been recently made to clarify the source of natural antioxidants and their roles to protect from oxidative stress injuries. The present study was aimed to qualify MorePlants are riched by phenolic compounds and considered as the main natural antioxidants. Many efforts have been recently made to clarify the source of natural antioxidants and their roles to protect from oxidative stress injuries. The present study was aimed to qualify the phenolic compounds of pomegranate peel extract (PPE) of Rabbab variety and their antioxidant effect to substitute the synthetic compounds. Folin- Ciocalteu method was employed to investigate phenolic compound, while, spectrophotometery is used to measure flavonoid, antocyanin and oxidative ability. The antioxidant activity of different concentration of PPE was measured using DPPH. Results showed the concentrations of 70.83 mg TAE/g, 21.33 mg CE/g and 136.66 mmol/100 mL corresponding to the phenolic, flavonoid and antocyanin compounds, respectively. The antioxidant effect by linoleic system has shown to inhibit 89.61% of linoleic oxidation in the methanolic extract of PPE. Increasing the concentration of phenolic compound was simultaneous to raise its effect and a significant correlation between the antiradical activity and its reduction ability in the methanolic extract. The current results revealed the antioxidant activity of methanolic extract of Rabbab variety PPE and thus are recommended to apply in food industries. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
76 - Association of Mercury, Cadmium and Arsenic bioaccumulation with the chemical compositions of Liza auratus muscle in Anzali Wetland
SH Janatmakan مهران Javaheri Baboli ابوالفضل Askary Sary محمد Velayatzadeh This study aimed to evaluate protein, fat and ash contents as well as the concentrations of As, Hg and Cd in muscle tissues of Liza auratus cached from Anzali Wetland. Eighteen samples of Liza auratus were collected using gill net. Heavy metals were extract More This study aimed to evaluate protein, fat and ash contents as well as the concentrations of As, Hg and Cd in muscle tissues of Liza auratus cached from Anzali Wetland. Eighteen samples of Liza auratus were collected using gill net. Heavy metals were extracted using wet digestion method and the concentrations were measured by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. Concentration of Hg, As and Cd in the muscle of mullet was 57.20±7.56, 97.29±13.27 and 200.80±31.39 µg/Kg. Moreover, the percentage (mean±SD) of protein, fat and ash in the muscle of the samples were determined as 17.69±0.42, 0.74±0.08 and 1.37±0.12%, respectively. The positive and significant relationship was observed between the concentration of Hg, As and Cd in the muscle of mullet (P<0.05). Besides, the highest correlation was found between Hg and As (R=0.982, R2=0.952, P < 0.05). Results also showed a relationship between concentrations of Hg, As and Cd with the chemical compositions of the muscle (P < 0.05). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
77 - Effect of ozone treatment on quality features and microbial load of sumac, cumin and pepper spices
A. Hemmati Moghadam N. Asefi S. HanifianHerbs are often produced by traditional methods and in poor sanitary conditions and can contain high amounts of spoilage and pathogenic microbes. The aim of this study has investigated the effect of ozone on some qualitative characteristics and microbial spices sumac, c MoreHerbs are often produced by traditional methods and in poor sanitary conditions and can contain high amounts of spoilage and pathogenic microbes. The aim of this study has investigated the effect of ozone on some qualitative characteristics and microbial spices sumac, cumin and pepper. For this purpose, samples were treated by ozone at a concentration of 2 g per hour for 10, 20, 40 and 60 minutes. Then microbial count and chemical characters such as moisture content, antioxidant properties, and phenolic compounds were determined. The results showed that compared with controls, treatment with ozone decreased 2 logarithmic units (P <0.05) the total number of micro organisms, 4 logarithmic unit mold and yeast populations, and 1 logarithmic unit coliform. On the other hand, 60-minute treatment with ozone caused a significant reduction (P <0.05) the amount of moisture in the cumin and pepper But this was not statistically significant reduction in sumac. After treatment as well as 60 minutes of ozone, the number of phenolic compounds in cumin and pepper significantly was fell compared to control (P<0.05) While there was no significant reduction in sumac. In the case of the antioxidant index (percentage of Scavenging of DPPH radical) Results showed that At time zero and after 60 minutes of treatment with ozone, the highest antioxidant activity respectively was observed in crushed spices, pepper, and cumin. According to the findings, we can ignore the negative effects of ozone on some qualitative features of spices, used it effectively to reduce microbial seasonings. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
78 - Determination of total phenolic compound contents and antioxidant capacity of persimmon skin
مرتضی Mohamadi زهرا Pourfallah A.H Elhami RadDue to the adverse side effects of synthetic antioxidants, the search for natural and safe antioxidants has become crucial. In this study, the total phenolic compound contents and antioxidants activity of persimmon skin was investigated. The extraction was carried out b MoreDue to the adverse side effects of synthetic antioxidants, the search for natural and safe antioxidants has become crucial. In this study, the total phenolic compound contents and antioxidants activity of persimmon skin was investigated. The extraction was carried out by means of maceration method using ethanol and methanol solvents with ratio of 1 part persimmon skin to 5 parts of solvents. Afterwards, the total phenolic compounds and antioxidants activity was measured. According to the results, ethanolic and methanolic extracts contained 255.6 and 214.15 mg gallic acid per 100 g of persimmon skin, respectively. Moreover, ethanolic extracts showed a higher activity for scavenging free radicals compared to methanolic extracts. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
79 - A study on the relationship of arsenic accumulation with protein, lipid, ash and moisture contents in muscle of eight species of fish in Iran
ابوالفضل Askary Sary محمد Velayatzadeh A comparative study was conducted to investigate a relationship between concentration of arsenic with protein, lipid, ash and moisture content in Cyprinus carpio, Oncorhynchus mykiss, Aristichthys nobilis, Hypophthalmichthys molitrix, Ctenopharyngodon idell More A comparative study was conducted to investigate a relationship between concentration of arsenic with protein, lipid, ash and moisture content in Cyprinus carpio, Oncorhynchus mykiss, Aristichthys nobilis, Hypophthalmichthys molitrix, Ctenopharyngodon idella, Scomberomorus commerson, Scomberomorus guttatus and Otolithes ruber. A total of 72 sample of common carp, Bighead carp, silver carp and grass carp fishing from Azadegan fish farming center, Ahvaz; Rainbow trout from Cheshme Dimeh and Scomberomorus commerson, Scomberomorus guttatus and Otolithes ruber caught with gill netfrom Hendijan. Wet-digestion method was performed prior to arsenic determination in the samples. The level of arsenic was measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The results showed that concentration of arsenic in the muscle of fishes was 269.87 ± 20.96 µg/Kg. Moreover, levels of protein, lipid, ash and moisture in the samples were estimated at 19.67±0.78 g/100, 2.45±0.45 g/100, 1.49±0.23 g/100, 78±1.89 g/100, respectively. Results also showed a positive correlation between the accumulation of arsenic in muscle of fishes with levels of protein, lipid, ash and moisture (p<0.05). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
80 - Total phenolics, flavonoids content and antioxidant capacities of grape pomace fermented by Aspergillusoryzae
رقیه Ashrafi Yorghanloo محمد Alizadeh Khaledabad محمود Rezazad Bari لطیفه Pour Akbar Antioxidants due to the extensive biological properties and their role in preventing of various diseases, are considered as components of health. Grape pomacevitisviniferacv.rish baba contains high amounts of antioxidant compounds. Fermentation of grape pom More Antioxidants due to the extensive biological properties and their role in preventing of various diseases, are considered as components of health. Grape pomacevitisviniferacv.rish baba contains high amounts of antioxidant compounds. Fermentation of grape pomace by Aspergillusoryzae increases the extraction of these compounds. Ultrasound – assisted extraction is the most important methods for the extraction of valuable compounds from plant sources and accelerates the rate of extraction. The aim of this study was to evaluate of various factors effect on the extraction of phenolic compounds, flavonoids and antioxidant properties of grape pomace fermented by Aspergillusoryzae and using response surface methodology. The variables were temperature (55-67°c), time (24-32 min), solvent concentration (37-49%) and whey powder content (10-50gr). The highest rate of phenolic compounds and flavonoids were obtained at 64°c for 30 min and the solvent concentration of 46%. The highest level of DPPH and FRAP were obtained at 58°c for 30 min and the solvent concentration of 46%. With increasing extraction time phenolic compounds, flavonoids, DPPH and FRAP were ascending. Obtained results proved that fermentation by Aspergillusoryzae and using ultrasound – assisted extraction was a suitable method for the extraction of biological material from grape pomace with benefites such as high extraction rate, reducing the amount of solvent, temperature and time required. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
81 - بررسی اثر زمان کاشت و کاربرد کود شیمیایی نیتروژن و فسفر بر ویژگیهای جوانهزنی بذر بالنگو شیرازی Lallemantia royleana Benth.))
طاهره کریمی جلیله وندی -
Open Access Article
82 - Changes of antioxidative systems in various color leaves of Japanese spindle (Euonymus japonicus Thunb.)
Nader Chaparzadeh Samane Safikhani Laila Zarandi-MiandoabSome physiological parameters and antioxidant responses were investigated in different color leaves of the evergreen shrub Japanese spindle (Euonymus japonica Thunb.). The shrub has leaves with three colors including dark green, light green, and yellow. Oxidative stress MoreSome physiological parameters and antioxidant responses were investigated in different color leaves of the evergreen shrub Japanese spindle (Euonymus japonica Thunb.). The shrub has leaves with three colors including dark green, light green, and yellow. Oxidative stress markers (hydrogen peroxide concentration, cell membrane stability, and lipids peroxidation), activity of peroxidase and some antioxidant molecules (phenolic compounds, proline, and free amino acids) were studied. Significant differences were found in hydrogen peroxide content, cell membrane stability, and membrane lipids peroxidation among leaves. In yellow leaves, the total content of proline and free amino acids were higher than those of the dark green and light green leaves. The highest and lowest free phenolic compounds contents were found in the dark green and yellow leaves, respectively. The POD activity increased significantly with changing leaf color from dark green to light green and to yellow. As a result, despite the activity of the antioxidant systems, the color change from dark green to yellow caused a gradual increase in the oxidative damage. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
83 - Effects of methanol spraying on some biochemical and physiological characteristics of soybean (Glycine max L.) under drought stress
Behzad Amraei Farzad Paknejad Mohammadali Ebrahimi Hamid SobhanianIn order to investigate the effect of foliar application of methanol and drought stress on some biochemical properties of soybean (Glaycine max L.), a pot experiment was done in farm environment. The experiments were done in factorial form based on a completely random d MoreIn order to investigate the effect of foliar application of methanol and drought stress on some biochemical properties of soybean (Glaycine max L.), a pot experiment was done in farm environment. The experiments were done in factorial form based on a completely random design with 3 repetitions. Treatments included three irrigation levels of normal (irrigation after 40% depletion of available soil moisture), average stress (irrigation after 60% depletion of available soil moisture), and severe stress (irrigation after 70% depletion of available soil moisture) as the main factor and levels of methanol in the form of foliar application including control solutions (foliar application without use of methanol) and solutions of 14.7% and 21% of methanol as secondary factor. Results obtained from the study showed that there were significant differences between various levels of methanol in content of chlorophyll and carotenoid compounds, relative water content, phenolic compounds, total protein content, proline, and leaf peroxide hydrogen in (P≤0.01). With the application of stress from mild to severe, application of 14% methanol showed more pronounced effects on total chlorophyll content, chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b. Moreover, under mild and severe stress conditions, with application of the highest value of methanol, production of peroxide hydrogen reached lowest level and the content of phenolic compounds increased with the increased application of methanol from 7% to 14%. According to the obtained results, with application of 14% methanol, more increase was observed in the efficiency of proline under severe stress conditions. Increasing the volume of methanol from 7 to 14%, the relative water content was preserved under stress conditions. For protein, with increased drought stress, the effect of application of 14% methanol was the same in comparison with 21% methanol. Therefore, according to the obtained results, it is concluded that methanol could improve plant resistance against drought stress. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
84 - Phytochemical analysis of various organs of Rheum ribes weed at the phonological stage of flowering (Case study: heights of Karizak Village of Kashmar)
ابراهیم Gholamalipour Alamdari فاطمه Makari جواد Bayat KohsarAn experiment was conducted for phytochemical analysis of the compounds of Rheum ribes weedat the phonological stage of flowering in Weed Science Laboratory of Gonbad-e Qabus University in 2015. Plant samples of Rheum ribes were collected from heights of Karizak Village MoreAn experiment was conducted for phytochemical analysis of the compounds of Rheum ribes weedat the phonological stage of flowering in Weed Science Laboratory of Gonbad-e Qabus University in 2015. Plant samples of Rheum ribes were collected from heights of Karizak Village of Kashmar. After identifying the Rheum species, various organs of stem, leaf, and inflorescence were separated from each other, dried and finally powdered. Chemical compounds like the organic matter, ash, crud protein, ADF, NDF, starch, soluble carbohydrates, and total phenols contents of the organs under study and a combination of organs were measured using the standardized phytochemical methods. Results of the variance analysis showed that there were significant differences in the phytochemical traits among various organs of Rheum ribes. Findings suggest that the highest percentage of organic matter, ash, crud protein, NDF, and ADF were obtained in the inflorescence, both the stem and leaf, leaf and inflorescence, and stem and inflorescence, respectively. The study also recorded the highest levels of total phenols in both in floresvence and combination of the organs while the lowest phenols contents were observed in the stem. Results generally showed variations in the content of phytochemical compounds under study in Rheum ribes organs. Therefore, regarding high productivity of Rheum ribes biomass and the role of phenolic compounds as well as suitable content of some primary metabolites, optimization of suitable method to extract these compounds is necessary. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
85 - The effect of mycorrhiza fungi on the morphological characteristics, phenolic compounds. and chlorophyll fluorescence of Borage (Borago officinails L.) under draught stress
علی Rahimi Sh Jahanbin امین Salehi هوشنگ FarajiDrought is one of the factors that affect medicinal plants. On the other hand, the role of mycorrhiza fungi was effective in improving the performance of some medicinal plants exposed to draught stress. For this purpose, an experiment was conducted as split-plot in a ra MoreDrought is one of the factors that affect medicinal plants. On the other hand, the role of mycorrhiza fungi was effective in improving the performance of some medicinal plants exposed to draught stress. For this purpose, an experiment was conducted as split-plot in a randomized complete block design with 3 replications in the Boyerahmad region during 2015 - 2016. The experiment factors consisted of irrigation levels (main plot) as irrigation after S1 =30, S2 =60, S3 =90, S4 =120 and S5 =150 mm water evaporation from evaporation pan class A and mycorrhiza fungi (sub plot) consisted of non-inoculation (NG), inoculation with mycorrhiza fungi species of Glomus mosseae (GM) and Glomus intraradices (GI). Results showed that the effect of year on the studied traits of Borage was not significant. The effect of drought stress on leaf area index of Borage was significant and in the irrigation after 30 and 60 mm evaporation the highest LAI was obtained. The application of mycorrhiza fungi Glomus mosseae and Glomus intraradices increased the amount of phenols of Borageby %13 and% 9, respectively as compared with the plants not inoculated with mycorrhiza fungi. Increase in the drought from 30 mm to 150 mm decreased evaporation, height, number of tributaries and chlorophyll fluorescence, but the application of mycorrhiza could increase the studied characteristics of Borage under drought stress conditions and decrease the negative effects of stress. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
86 - A study on the allelopathic effect of olive fruit pomace (Olea europaea L.) on some physiological parameters and yield of three wheat cultivars in climatic conditions of Khuzestan
Azin Ghafarizadeh Seyyed Mansour Seyyed nejad Mozhan Vafaei Abdolali Gilani Azra SabooraThis study was designed in order to investigate the allelopathic effect of olive fruit pomace on some physiological parameters and yield of three wheat cultivars (Triticum aestivum). A pot experiment was used based on a factorial study with completely randomized design MoreThis study was designed in order to investigate the allelopathic effect of olive fruit pomace on some physiological parameters and yield of three wheat cultivars (Triticum aestivum). A pot experiment was used based on a factorial study with completely randomized design and three replications at five levels (0, 1, 3, 5, and 7 % W/W) of olive fruit pomace and three wheat cultivars (Triticale, Karkhe and Chamran). The amount of soluble proteins of leaf, activities of peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase, and catalase enzymes of leaf, and amount of malondialdehyde of leaf at ear emergence stage and spike weight, spike length, grain number per spike, grain weight per spike, 1000 grain weight, total harvest index, grain proline content, and grain soluble carbohydrate content at complete ripeness stage of wheat were measured. According to the results, amount of soluble proteins of leaf, activity of peroxidase of leaf, spike weight, spike length, grain number per spike, grain weight per spike, 1000 grain weight and total harvest index decreased in the three wheat cultivars with an increase in the content of olive pomace in the soil compared to the control. But the amount of activity of ascorbate peroxidase and catalase enzyme of leaf, amount of malondialdehyde of leaf, grain proline, and grain soluble carbohydrate content showed increase in the three wheat cultivars by increasing the content of olive pomace in the soil compared to the control. Since olive fruit pomace contains phenolic compounds, the inhibitory effects of olive pomace on wheat growth are attributed to these compounds. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
87 - The effects of irrigation period and humic acid on morpho-physiological and biochemical traits of thyme (Thymus vulgaris)
Hossain Gorgini sarah khorasaninejad mohammadreza abbasi alireza tabasiIn order to study the effects of irrigation period and humic acid on some morpho-physiological and biochemical characteristics of Thymus vulgaris L., an experiment was conducted as split plots based on randomized complete block design with three replications at research MoreIn order to study the effects of irrigation period and humic acid on some morpho-physiological and biochemical characteristics of Thymus vulgaris L., an experiment was conducted as split plots based on randomized complete block design with three replications at research farm of Baharan University of Gorgan, during growing season of 2016- 2017. Treatments were four levels of irrigation periods (every 3, 6, 9 days and everyday as control) and humic acid at three levels (0, 150, and 300 mg/l). Results showed that irrigation periods increased phenolic compounds, antioxidant activity, proline, and soluble carbohydrate. The effect of the longest irrigation period (every 9 days) increased 1.07, 0.016, 14.53, 1.87 and 3.82 percent of proline, phenolic compounds, antioxidant activity and soluble carbohydrate, respectively. Also the highest concentration of essential oils was observed with the every 6 days irrigation treatment showing 15% difference as compare with the control. On the other hand irrigation period decreased significantly shoot height and wet and dry weight. Moreover, humic acid had a significant effect on all characteristics under study. Also, interaction effect of humic acid and irrigation periods had significant effects on all traits except for phenolic compounds. Foliar application with 150 mg/l humic acid and every 9-day irrigation resulted in the maximum increase in thymol and antioxidant activities. The highest level of essential oils was achieved in 300 mg/l humic acid and every 6-day irrigation period. Maximum proline content was also recorded under 300 mg/l humic acid and every 9-day irrigation period. Generally, findings suggested application of 300 mg/l humic acid and every 9-day irrigation as economically the best treatment since under humic acid application and less irrigation water the same yield is achieved as under high water consumption. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
88 - Investigation of antioxidant activity and application of HPLC technique for analysis of phenolic compounds of Amygdalus haussknechtii leaf extract
Ali Asghar Hatamnia Rabie SharifiThis study was conducted to investigate antioxidant compounds contents and antioxidant activity of three Amygdalus haussknechtii genotypes in the natural habitat of Ilam Province. Total phenolic content was measured using Folin–Ciocalteu method and antioxidant act MoreThis study was conducted to investigate antioxidant compounds contents and antioxidant activity of three Amygdalus haussknechtii genotypes in the natural habitat of Ilam Province. Total phenolic content was measured using Folin–Ciocalteu method and antioxidant activity was estimated by two methods, namely DPPH (2,2-diphenyl- 1- picrylhydrazyl) and nitric oxide radical scavenging. High- performance chromatography was used for quantitative estimation of the phenolic compounds. Results showed that antioxidant activity of leaf extract of H3 genotype was significantly higher than that of H1 and H2 genotypes. The high antioxidant activity can be attributed to higher total phenolic and flavonoid contents, so that high correlation coefficient was observed between total phenolic content and DPPH and nitric oxide radical scavenging, R = 0.902 and R= 0.806, respectively. Analyzing the phenolic compounds by HPLC method indicated that catechin, sinapic acid, quercetin, and apigenin were found in H3 genotype. Also, apigenin compound was observe in all three investigated genotypes. Generally, the results suggested that leaf extract of H3 genotype with high phenolic and flavonoid content and antioxidant activity can be presented as a source of natural antioxidant and used in pharmaceutical industries. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
89 - Comparison of morphological and phytochemical traits in some endogenous genotypes of sweet violet (Viola odorata l.) in Mazandaran and Golestan provinces
Hossein Moradi Mahdi Haddadinejad Alireza Yavari Mahdi Mohammadi Azni SeyedMaryam Musavi Syyed Mohammad Amin HosseiniIn order to evaluate genetic diversity using phenotype and phytochemical properties of sweet violet (Viola odorata), 10 regions of Mazandaran and Golestan provinces were studied. Phytochemical traits such as phenol content, flavonoid, antioxidant capacity, chlorophyll a MoreIn order to evaluate genetic diversity using phenotype and phytochemical properties of sweet violet (Viola odorata), 10 regions of Mazandaran and Golestan provinces were studied. Phytochemical traits such as phenol content, flavonoid, antioxidant capacity, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, and morphological characters of leaf size, petiole length, pedicel length, and root length were evaluated. Sari and Kosout genotypes had the highest chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll contents and the Sari ecotype had the highest flavonoid content. The highest level of antioxidant capacity was observed in Sari and Vari ecotypes. The ecotypes of Zanglab, Aq Cheshmeh, Tangeh Chehel Chai with lower height showed the highest total phenol contents. Results of morphological evaluation showed that ecotypes of Vari, Sar,i and kosout had the longest leaves and ecotypes of Azni and Vari had the longest roots. Also, ecotypes of Vari, kosout, Tangeh Chehel Chai, and Zanglab had the highest petiole length and Tangeh Chehel Chai ecotype had the highest leaf number. Correlation of traits showed that leaf height, leaf width, petiole length, leaf number, leaf flavonoid, and leaf phenol contents of sweet violet decreased with increasing altitude. In general, Sari, Vari, and Kosoot ecotypes from Mazandaran province had superior genotypes for most of the traits that could be used for future breeding programs. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
90 - The effect of solvent type and concentration on extraction of phenolic compounds and evaluation of antioxidant activity of Crataegus elbursensis L. leaf collected from Golestan province
Mohammad Moghaddam Leila MehdizadeIn order to investigate the effect of the type and concentration of solvent on the amount of extraction of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity of Crataegus elbursensis leaves, a research was performed in two separate experiments. At first experiment the effect o MoreIn order to investigate the effect of the type and concentration of solvent on the amount of extraction of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity of Crataegus elbursensis leaves, a research was performed in two separate experiments. At first experiment the effect of solvent type (acetone, ethanol, methanol) at three concentrations (50, 80 and 100%) on extracted total phenolics content of C. elbursensis leaf was evaluated. At second experiment antioxidant capacity of produced extract from the best solvent at first experiment with the highest phenolic compounds (methanol 80%) was investigated by two different methods including total antioxidant and Fe reduction capacity. The results of these experiments showed that all three solvents; acetone, ethanol and methanol; in the form of mixture with water have more potential for extracting phenolic compounds toward the pure ones. The highest total phenolic content (118 mg GAE/g DW) was obtained at 80% concentration of all solvents, especially at methanol 80%. The results of evaluating antioxidant activity showed that with increasing the concentration of extract up to 500 µg/mL, antioxidant activity (0.8 mg/mL) was increased. Investigation of Fe reduction capacity indicated that with increasing the concentration of extract up to 800 µg/mL, the amount of absorption of the solvents contain the extract significantly increased. Therefore, according to the results of this study, the leaves of this plant can be used as the source of phenolics and antioxidants in different industries. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
91 - Biochemical defense response of the greenhouse cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) to complex disease caused by a root-knot nematode and Fusarium wilt fungus
Mehdi Mohamadian Sarcheshmeh Saeed Rezaee Alireza IranbakhshComplex disease caused by the root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne javanica, and the fungus, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-cucumerinum, has limited cucumber cultivation in Iran. Therefore, access to the nematode-resistant cultivars has a crucial role in disease control. MoreComplex disease caused by the root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne javanica, and the fungus, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-cucumerinum, has limited cucumber cultivation in Iran. Therefore, access to the nematode-resistant cultivars has a crucial role in disease control. The Assessment of plant defense compounds in the Complex disease helps understand the molecular mechanisms of resistance and the production of nematode-resistant cultivars. After inoculation of the plants in a greenhouse, the peroxidase enzyme and the phenolic compounds were measured using spectrophotometric method. The experiment was conducted based on a factorial completely randomized designed with 14 treatments, including control, fungi alone, nematode alone in four inoculations level viz. 1500, 3000, 4500, and 6000 J2s, fungus + nematode simultaneously, and fungus a week after nematode inoculation with 4 replications. Phenolic compounds increased by %54.74 and %92.34 and peroxidase enzyme activity increased by %50.64 and %63.31 in plants inoculated with fungus alone and nematode alone (6000 larvae) compared to the control, showing that these substances act as defensive compounds in cucumber. Results showed that increasing the nematode population in inoculated plants improved the defense compounds levels. Inoculation of nematode (6000 larvae) followed by fungus led to %80 and %54.48 increases in phenolic compounds and peroxidase activity, respectively as compared with the control which might be attributed to the synergistic effects of pathogens. The fungi had a more active role than nematodes in increasing the peroxidase compared to the phenolic compounds, which indicated the complex nature of nematode parasitism in the nematode-plant interaction. Decrease in the defense compounds in Negin cultivar (susceptible to Fusarium) and increase in the level of these compounds in Khasib (tolerant to Fusarium) and Dastjerdi (tolerant to nematode) cultivars showed that the production of the defensive compounds may be related to the cucumber resistance to pathogens. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
92 - The effect of screening and optimization of osmopriming on seed germination properties of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) using surface-response method
Afagh Yavari Ghader Habibi Masumeh Abedini Gholamreza Bakhshi KhanikiSeed osmopriming is an effective strategy to improve the germination process. Screening and estimating the optimal concentrations of different osmotic compounds is the first step in seed osmopriming. In this study, the effects of treatment with single osmotic compounds MoreSeed osmopriming is an effective strategy to improve the germination process. Screening and estimating the optimal concentrations of different osmotic compounds is the first step in seed osmopriming. In this study, the effects of treatment with single osmotic compounds were initially evaluated at different concentrations, namely NaCl (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 10, 20, 30 g/l), ZnSO4 (0, 1, 5, 10, 20, 30 and 40 mM), proline (0, 1, 5, 10, 20, 30 and 40 mM), and trehalose (0, 1, 5, 10, 20, 30 and 40 mM) on wheat seeds. Then, the surface-response method was designed in the form of a Box-Benken design. Results showed a significant increase in wheat seed germination at concentrations of 3 and 10 g/l NaCl, 1 and 20 mM ZnSO4, 1 and 10 mM proline, and 0 and 1 mM trehalose. These concentrations were validated using the surface-response method and experiments. The values of coefficient of determination (R2 = 0.99) and adjusted R2 (R2adj = 0.99) showed that the obtained model is suitable for data analysis. One-way analysis of variance confirmed the quadratic model as the best model to determine the interaction of the studied variables (P<0.0001). The optimal values were proposed as a combination of 3 g/l NaCl, 1 mM ZnSO4, and 1 mM proline. In another experiment, using the values predicted by the model, it was found that the surface-response method can be used in screening and germination optimization tests. The results of the follow up experiment using the values determined in the model revealed that the surface-response method can be considered in screening and optimization studies of seed germination. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
93 - Effect of height and soil properties on some secondary metabolites of different organs of sweet violet (Viola odorata L.) in different natural habitats of Mazandaran province
Niloofar Zakaria Nejad Hossein Moradi Pourya Biparva Zahra MemarianiVarious environmental factors including altitude and soil properties affect the growth and production of plants in natural ecosystems. Sweet violet (Viola odoratata L.) is a gramineous and perennial plant of the Violaceae family and grows as a wildflower in the mountain MoreVarious environmental factors including altitude and soil properties affect the growth and production of plants in natural ecosystems. Sweet violet (Viola odoratata L.) is a gramineous and perennial plant of the Violaceae family and grows as a wildflower in the mountainous areas of northern Iran and some other regions of the country. This study was performed to compare the phytochemical properties and antioxidant activity of Viola odoratata L. shoot and root extracts in nine habitats of Mazandaran province in March 2020. To investigate the analysis, leaf, flower and root organs of the plant in the flowering stage were collected from nine habitats of Mazandaran province along with soil samples of these areas in March 2018. After collecting the root and shoot samples at the florescence stage and preparing methanolic extract through ultrasonic method, the phenolic and flavonoid contents were determined by Folin-Ciocalteu and aluminum chloride colorimetric methods, respectively, the antioxidant activities were assayed by Diphenyl Picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and the anthocyanin contents of flowers were measured by Wagner method. According to the findings, phenolic contents of the flowers and leaves decreased and increased, respectively with increasing height, and percentage antioxidant activities of the flowers increased while the amount of flavonoids was not affected by the habitat altitude. Analysis of soil properties revealed that the anthocyanin contents of flowers increased under the effect of deficient absorbable phosphorus in habitat 3 (Firoozjah Babol) and habitat 6 (Mohammadabad Behshahr). Also in the study of secondary metabolites, Sweet violets in habitat 7 had 67.95% and 86.18% antioxidant activities in flowers and roots, respectively; leaf and root phenol contents of 142.32 mg/g and 55.21 mg/g, respectively, and 6.52 μmol/g flower anthocyanin, so it can be selected as the superior region, and samples from this region can be used as gene banks in sexual and asexual reproduction. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
94 - The effect of salicylic acid on the yield of vegetative organs and active ingredients of stevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni) under drought stress
Mehrdad Maleki Hamid Sobhanian Enayatollah Yazdanpanah Abbas MalekiThis study was performed to investigate the effect of drought stress and salicylic acid on quantitative and qualitative yield and biochemical and physiological properties of stevia. An experiment was carried out based on a split plot design and randomized complete block MoreThis study was performed to investigate the effect of drought stress and salicylic acid on quantitative and qualitative yield and biochemical and physiological properties of stevia. An experiment was carried out based on a split plot design and randomized complete blocks with 3 replications in a research farm in Sarableh, Ilam during 2020-2021. Drought stress in 3 levels (control or 100% of field capacity, 75% of field capacity, and 50% of field capacity) and salicylic acid treatment in 2 levels (non-consumption and foliar application with a concentration of 1 mM) were applied. Plant height, number of periphery shoots, dry weight of stems and leaves, total dry matter yield, extractable sugars, and protein, proline, total chlorophyll, stevioside, glycoside, rebaudioside, and phenolic compound contents were assayed in the study. Findings showed that the highest total dry matter yield were obtained in irrigation control and salicylic acid consumption (77.2 g per plant), showing 34% increase compared to the lowest total dry matter yield obtained under 50% of field capacity irrigation and no salicylic acid consumption 34%. Also, in all drought stress treatments, applying salicylic acid improved total dry matter yield. In the treatment with no drought stress, the lowest sugar contents per plant were observed and in the treatment with salicylic acid the glucoside contents were more than the control. In general, drought stress reduced the amount of sugar and other growth traits of stevia plants. Applying salicylic acid in addition to improving the quantitative and qualitative traits of the stevia, improved the plant’s yield under various levels of drought stress, which is very important Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
95 - Effect of nanoselenium and sodium selenate on some of physiological and biochemical parameters of Vasha (Dorema ammoniacum L.)
Elham Abedi Ramazan Ali Khavari-Nejad Laleh Mosharraf Sara Saadatmand Hossein Ali Asadi-GharnehSelenium with antioxidant properties, has positive effects on growth and development of biological activities of many plants but its excessive levels in soil causes physiological problems. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of selenium (bulk) and nanosel MoreSelenium with antioxidant properties, has positive effects on growth and development of biological activities of many plants but its excessive levels in soil causes physiological problems. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of selenium (bulk) and nanoselenium on some of physiological and biochemical of Vasha, in a completely randomized experiment. Selenium in form of sodium selenate was applied in nutrient solution at concentrations (0, 2.5, 5 and 10 mg L–1) and nanoselenium at concentrations (0, 2.5, 5, 10 and 20 mg L–1). The results showed that application of both bulk and nano-Se treatments significantly increased plant growth parameters (i.e. length of roots and shoot, the root and shoot fresh and dry weights), as well as the content of photosynthetic pigment, total flavonoids, total phenol, anthocyanin and carbohydrate content by 2.5 mg L–1 and 10 mg L– 1 of selenium and nanoselenium respectively. Moreover, the abovementioned concentrations were associated with a significant increase in plant antioxidant activity. All treatments reduced malondialdehyde. The most increase in chlorophyll a was observed at a concentration of 10 mg L-1 nano-Se, which decreased with increasing selenium concentration compared to the control treatment. The results showed that the positive effect of selenium on the growth and increase of phenolic compounds depends on the type and concentration of selenium application. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
96 - Evalution of phytochemical screening of Rhamnus pallasii parts at different phenological stages
Akram Taleghani Soghra Mahmoudi Majid Mokaber EsfahaniRhamnus pallasii Fisch. & C.A.Mey. is one of the most important species of the Rhamnaceae family, which have widely distributed in Iran. Various factors such as different harvest period, habitat, and climate affect the content of plant secondary metabolites. In this MoreRhamnus pallasii Fisch. & C.A.Mey. is one of the most important species of the Rhamnaceae family, which have widely distributed in Iran. Various factors such as different harvest period, habitat, and climate affect the content of plant secondary metabolites. In this study, phytochemical screening in different morphological parts (fruit, leaf, bark and root) investigated in April, May, July, August and October based on different climatic and phenological conditions. Different parts extracted with water-methanol (80%). The content of phenolics, flavonoids, anthocyanins and phenolic acid compounds of extracts was determined by spectrophotometry method and the antioxidant diphenyl pykryl hydrazyl (DPPH) test was used. The results are significant at the level of 0/05. Methanolic extract of fruit collected in October showed the largest content of total phenolics (583.66 ± 1.02 µg GAE/g DE), anthocyanin (9.06 ± 0.019 mg /l) and phenolic acid (53.87 ± 1.52 µg CAE/g). Also, the highest total flavonoid content was found in methanol extract of leaves in April (514.48±1.77µg QE/g). The fruits exhibited excellent antioxidant properties with IC50 value of 7.52±0.24 µg/ml in October, followed by leaves (8.18±0.29 µg/ml in March), roots (13.50±0.29 µg/ml in March) and barks (14.79±0.37 µg/ml in May). As a result, there is seasonal variation in both the quality and quantity of phenolic compound in different parts of Rhamnus. The phenolic-rich extracts in this study can be effectively used for both research and industrial applications. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
97 - تجزیه ترکیبات آلی میوه دو گونه بلوط (C.A.Mey.Quercus castaneifolia و Quercus persica Jaub & Spach.) در شمال و غرب کشور و اثر روشهای آغشتگی با محلول قلیایی و آب بر کاهش میزان ترکیبات فنلی
ابراهیم غلامعلی پور علمداری مرضیه کرامت لو جواد بیات کوهسار -
Open Access Article
98 - مطالعه علل ناکارآمدی فیزیولوژیکی کشت مجدد زعفران در مزرعهای با چند سال کشت متناوب
مژگان فرزامی سپهر علی حسینی -
Open Access Article
99 - Evaluation of some primary and secondary metabolites of medicinal plant Proveskia abrotanoides Karel. in different phenological stages
Somaye Sabbagh Maryam Niakan Ibrahim Gholamali pour AlamdariTo evaluate the quality and quantity of primary and secondary metabolites at different phenological stages of Brazmbl medicinal plants, plant organs at both vegetative and flowering stages of Vamanan region in Āzādshahr were collected and dried. Whole plant extracts fro MoreTo evaluate the quality and quantity of primary and secondary metabolites at different phenological stages of Brazmbl medicinal plants, plant organs at both vegetative and flowering stages of Vamanan region in Āzādshahr were collected and dried. Whole plant extracts from Proveskia abrotanoides were used in this study at both vegetative and flowering stages to identify and evaluate the quality of tannins, saponins, anthocyanins and terpenoids compounds, flavones, and flavonoids. Also some primary metabolites such as soluble and insoluble carbohydrates, proline and total phenol in roots, stems, leaves, and flowers of plant were evaluated quantitatively. Qualitative analysis showed that saponins, anthocyanin, and tannin compounds were present at both vegetative and flowering stages of Proveskia abrotanoides. Also, quantitative analysis showed the maximum amount of starch in the root and the highest concentration of soluble carbohydrates, proline, and phenolic compounds in the leaves at vegetative stage. Overall, the results showed that at the vegetative stage regardless of starch, leaves had the highest soluble carbohydrates, proline, and phenolic compounds while at the reproductive stage root contained the highest level of these compounds. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
100 - Effect of salt, gibberellin and ascorbate on germination growth and anti oxidant system in Barely (Hordeum vulgare L.) seedling
مریم Niakan وحیده Rashidzadeh عباسعلی Norinia, AIn different stress such as salinity, strong oxidant as reactive oxygen species is produced that damages to membrane structure in plant. Different antioxidant as ascorbate scavenger them. Between hormone, gibberellic acid has different roles that depend to king of gibbe MoreIn different stress such as salinity, strong oxidant as reactive oxygen species is produced that damages to membrane structure in plant. Different antioxidant as ascorbate scavenger them. Between hormone, gibberellic acid has different roles that depend to king of gibberellin, density and plant space. In this research Hordeum (4222) treated to ascorbate (1mm), gibberellin (200 and 400ppm) and NaCl (150, 350mm) and the effect of them on germination percentage, radicle lenght and antioxidant enzymes such as catalase, peroxidase,poly phenol oxidase, ascorbate peroxidase and phenolic compounds was evaluated. The result of this research showed that in present of NaCl germination decreased but in NaCl and Ascorbate and Gibberellin germination and radicle length increased significanty. Also in absence of ascorbate and gibberellin and present of NaCl activity of catalase, peroxidase decreased but activity of poly phenoloxidase and ascorbate peroxidase increased. Also NaCl cause decreased phenolic compounds in barley seedling but by increasing ascorbate and gibberellin the content of them increased. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
101 - The effect of petroleum hydrocarbons on survival and pigments of cyanobacteria isolated from Abadan
ندا Soltani, لادن Baftehchi sh ShokraviRemediation of petroleum polluted soil and water is very important. One of the pathways of oil remediation is usage of microalgae and cyanobacteria. In this research the effects of oiled based drilling mud waste (including 70% gasoline) on survival, growth and pigments MoreRemediation of petroleum polluted soil and water is very important. One of the pathways of oil remediation is usage of microalgae and cyanobacteria. In this research the effects of oiled based drilling mud waste (including 70% gasoline) on survival, growth and pigments of three cyanobacteria (Oscillatoria+Calothrix, Nostoc, Calothrix) in mix and unialgal forms were investigated. These cyanobacteria were isolated from soil of Arvand-rood in Abadan city. Results indicated that biomass of first sample was three fold of other samples. Growth rate in first sample was increasingly. In second and third samples, growths were decreased and reach to stationary phase after one week. All samples survived in treated experiments and oil compound did not have any toxic effects of them. Chlorophyll contents were similar to biomass and in first sample were three fold of others. Totally, results showed the resistance and potential of these species to degradation of oil pollution. Also these results are the first report from oil polluted fields of Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
102 - Essential oils composition and antimicrobal effects of essential oils and methanol extracts of Salvia multicaulis.Vahl against Xanthomonas translucens pv. Cerealis
امیر Azizi A.M Azizi غلامرضا AziziSalvia multicaulis Vahl. is one of the important unique medicinal plants the it use has been known from past by native people. Ground parts of plant collected were submitted to water distillation for 3 h using a Clevenger-type apparatus and sample were extracted by usin MoreSalvia multicaulis Vahl. is one of the important unique medicinal plants the it use has been known from past by native people. Ground parts of plant collected were submitted to water distillation for 3 h using a Clevenger-type apparatus and sample were extracted by using a scxhlet apparatus for about 6 h. Constituents of essential oils and methanolic extracts of Salvia multicaulis Vahl were collected from arak and analysed by GC & GC-Mass. Twenty-tree componets representing 98.2% of the oil, were identified. The main constituents of the oil and extracts were 1,8 cyneol (24.78%) and camphor (17.95%). Then the effects of different concentrations of essential oil and methanolic extracts prepared from leaves of Xanthomonas translucens pv. Cerealis were tested. In this investigation use of controller and different dilutions of essential and extracted of Salvia multicaulis Vahl were treatments. The disc diffusion method was employed for the determination of antimicrobial activites of essential oil and methanolic extracted. At concentration used inhibition zone was 12.5 mm indiameter wholl applayed extracted solution for well and disc method. But inhibition zone was 8 mm indiameter at each two method. The essential oil (60 percent) and the dilutions of methanolic extracts (80 percent) on Xanthomonas translucens pv. Cerealis had MBC efficacy.The dilutions of essential oil 20 percent also the dilutions of methanolic extracts 20 percent on Xanthomonas translucens pv. Cerealis had MIC efficacy. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
103 - Chemical compositions of the essential oils in Salvia sahendica Boiss. & Buhse at two different growth stages
A. A Majrouhi,Salvia, the largest genus of Lamiaceae, is represented in Iranian flora by 58 species, 17 of which are endemic. Some of these species have been used in folk medicine all around the world for their antibacterial and antitumor activities as well as flavoring agent in perf MoreSalvia, the largest genus of Lamiaceae, is represented in Iranian flora by 58 species, 17 of which are endemic. Some of these species have been used in folk medicine all around the world for their antibacterial and antitumor activities as well as flavoring agent in perfumery and cosmetics. The aerial parts of Salvia Sahendica were collected at vegetative and flowering stages from the Sahand Mountain near to Sardroud (Azarbayjan province, Iran). The essential oils were isolated by hydrodistillation Clevenger type apparatus and analyzed by GC and GC-MS. In vegetative stage, Thirty-two components were identified, representing 98.5 % of the total oil. α- pinene (28.5%), β- pinene (26.1%), sabinene (10.3%), germacrene- D (9.6%) and 1,8- cineole (4.9%) were the main components in vegetative stage. In flowering stage, Thirty-five components were identified, representing 99.8% of the total oil. α- pinene (18.9%), β- pinene (18.5%), 1,8- cineole (13.9%), linalyl acetate (8.4%), bicyclogermacrene (8.2%), sabinene (7.6%) and linalool (5.3%) were the main components at flowering stage. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
104 - Seasonal changes of alkaloids and phenolic compounds in Chelidonium majus L. in two habitats
مه لقا Ghorbanli پروانه Fani آرین SateeiChelidonium majus L., a wide spread medicinal plant of the Papaveraceae family, has multiple applications in folk medicine because of its antitumoral, cytotoxic, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activities.Since the most of this plant medicine benefits treat the alka MoreChelidonium majus L., a wide spread medicinal plant of the Papaveraceae family, has multiple applications in folk medicine because of its antitumoral, cytotoxic, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activities.Since the most of this plant medicine benefits treat the alkaloids and phenolic compounds, in this research, the amount of alkaloids and phenolic compounds in Chelidonium majus L., in two regions of "Gorgan" & "Ziarat" and in three seasons (autumn, winter and spring) were studied. The plants were collected from 2 regions of ‘‘Ziarat’’ and ‘‘Gorgan’’, and the amount of alkaloids and phenolic compounds were determined by spectrophotometrical methods. Comparison of Chelidonium plant in two regions showed significant differences for alkaloids, flavonoids and phenolic compounds in three seasons (P<0.05). This survey was that the most alkaloid in Chelidonium’s root is from Ziarat (in spring season), and the most phenolic compounds in Chelidonium’s root is from Gorgan (in winter season). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
105 - آنالیز کمی و کیفی برخی متابولیتهای اولیه و ثانویه علفهای هرز رایج منطقه گنبد کاووس
ابراهیم غلامعلی پور علمداری جواد بیات کوهسار امیر قربانی علی محمد خوجه فاطمه حسنعلی زاده چاری -
Open Access Article
106 - Ethno pharmacology and investigation secondary metabolites of Perovskia abrotanoides Karel. in two natural regions, North of Iran
معصومه Mazandarani مایا بیک BeykMohammadi هومان BayatPerovskia abrotanoides karel. belongs to Lamiaceae family,is one of the most important medicinal herbs in North and North east of Iran, with wild grown in mountainous road of Golestan and North Khorasan provinces. Long times ago, it has been used by the rural people in MorePerovskia abrotanoides karel. belongs to Lamiaceae family,is one of the most important medicinal herbs in North and North east of Iran, with wild grown in mountainous road of Golestan and North Khorasan provinces. Long times ago, it has been used by the rural people in traditional medicine of this regions for treatment of their current ailments. In this research flowering aerial parts and of plant were collected in two natural habitats (1074m in Chamanbid region and 2300m in Shahkooh) respectively, from silty clay loam soils. Methanolic extracts were obtained for evaluated of quantities of flavonoids, phenolic and anthocyanin compounds and analysed by Pearson chisquare in p<0.05. Ethno pharmacological data were obtained from rural healers and Sheepers due to its important ecological effects it has been used by the rural healers as a tonic, anti septic, anti inflammation, rheumatic pain, expel worms and treat leishmaniosis especially with combination to another medicinal plants. The quantities of flavonoide, total phenol and anthocyanin were increased in higher region (2300m), especialy to confirm rural believed about P. abrotanoides, which more effective in mountainous region to treat of their current ailments. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
107 - استخراج ترکیبات فنلی از برگهای درخت اکالیپتوس (Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehn.) به کمک مایکروویو و پیش گویی روند استخراج با استفاده از شبکههای عصبی مصنوعی
مهدی قرهخانی امیراحمد دهقانی احمد قرهخانی شاهرخ جبرائیلی محمد قربانی -
Open Access Article
108 - تاثیر محلول پاشی اسید سالیسیلیک بر میزان اسمولیتها و رنگدانههای فتوسنتزی گیاه بادمجان (Solanum melongena L.) تحت تنش سرما
محسن فرزانه مژگان قنبری علیرضا افتخاریان جهرمی شورانگیز جوانمردی -
Open Access Article
109 - تاثیر پوتریسین برون زا بر میزان ترکیبات فنلی، فعالیت آنزیمهای آنتیاکسیدان و نیترات ردوکتاز دانه رست گیاه بنگ دانه (Hyoscyomus niger)تحت تنش خشکی
زهرا زمانی مریم نیاکان مه لقا قربانلی -
Open Access Article
110 - مطالعه تغییرات ریختشناسی- تشریحی و فعالیت آنتیاکسیدانی ناشی از امواج الکترومغناطیس در مرزه بختیاری (Satureja bachtiarica L.)
فریبا رمضانی ویشکی احمد مجد طاهر نژاد ستاری صدیقه اربابیان -
Open Access Article
111 - Essential oil composition and antioxidant activity of Salvia officinalis L. and Achillea millefoliom L. from Kerman province
syed Mohammad Ali Vakili ShahrbabakiSalvia officinalis L. and Achillea millefoliom L. have been reported as an antioxidant, anti infection and anti inflammatory. In this study aerial parts of both of plants in blooming were collected in June 2014 (1700m) from their natural habitats in Kerman provinc MoreSalvia officinalis L. and Achillea millefoliom L. have been reported as an antioxidant, anti infection and anti inflammatory. In this study aerial parts of both of plants in blooming were collected in June 2014 (1700m) from their natural habitats in Kerman province. Essential oils were obtained by hydro-distillation (Clevenger apparatus) and were analyzed by GC/MS. Total phenol content was measured by Folin–Ciocalteau method and their antioxidant activity was measured by DPPH. Results were showed that the oil of Salvia officinalis L. had higher amount of phenolic compounds (1.8 mg E GA/ml) and antioxidant activity(99.48% radical scavenging). The camphor (33.6%), α-tujene (25.4%) and 1,8-cineole(13.8%) were the most components of S.officinalis L. essential oil, respectively and the 1,8-cineole (22.3%), carvacrol (15%) and γ-terpinene were the most components of A.millefolium L. These results were confirmed that the secondary metabolites of these plants possess antioxidant activity and could be used as a natural antioxidant ingredient in food and drug industries. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
112 - The study variation of phytochemical and antioxidant activity of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni. irrigated with magnetized saline water (Golestan province)
madeh Ahmadi, Azem Ghasemnezhad Ali Reza Sadeghi Mahoonak Abbas Rezaie AslStevia rebaudiana Bertoni. is one of the valuable medicinal plants, in which extremely used in pharmaceutical and nutritional industries as a sources of non-calories sugar. The present experiment was carried out investigation of phytochemical variation, resistance to sa MoreStevia rebaudiana Bertoni. is one of the valuable medicinal plants, in which extremely used in pharmaceutical and nutritional industries as a sources of non-calories sugar. The present experiment was carried out investigation of phytochemical variation, resistance to salinity and increasing the saline water usage efficiency using magnetic field. Experiment was evaluate by using four levels of salinity (0, 2, 4 and 6ds/m2) and three levels of magnetic fields (0, 3000 and 6000 G) as treatment in three replications. In September 2015 the leaves of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni. Were collected from the research field of Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources. The total phenol content was measured by folin ciocalteu method, flavonoid content with aluminum chloride, antioxidant activity by DPPH methode and the total and reduced sugar content were measured by using Fehling methods. Results were showed that the salinity had significant influence on total phenol and flavonoid contents at 1% probability and by increasing the level of salinity the content of these compounds were decreased. The salinity did not have statistically significant effect on the other parameters like antioxidant activity, total sugar and reduced sugar. Although no significant effect of magnetic water was observed on these parameters, but the interaction effect of salinity and magnetic field on the antioxidant activity of extract and total sugar was significant. So according to present study, the stevia is sensitive to salinity of pre-treatments water with magnetic field in this case is not effective Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
113 - Study and comparison of phenolic compounds, flavonoids and antioxidant activity of the native populations of licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra L.) Iran
ghasem eghlima mohsen sanikhani Azizollah Kheiry javad hadian mitra aelaeiGlycyrrhiza glabra L. is a family of Legominos, herbaceous, perennial and Iran is one of the countries exporting its root. This plant grows in different regions of Iran, hence the study of phytochemical diversity in different regions is important. This study was carried MoreGlycyrrhiza glabra L. is a family of Legominos, herbaceous, perennial and Iran is one of the countries exporting its root. This plant grows in different regions of Iran, hence the study of phytochemical diversity in different regions is important. This study was carried out to evaluate the content of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity of 2 cm diameter roots of licorice populations in 15 provinces and 30 regions of Iran in 2017 in October and were transferred to the laboratories of the Department of Horticulture of Zanjan University. Total phenol (Folin–Ciocalteu method), total flavonoid (Aluminum Chloride method), anthocyanin (pH difference method) and antioxidant activity (DPPH method) were studied. The results of analysis of variance of data showed that among 30 populations, for all traits, there was a significant difference in the level of one percent. Total phenol traits ranging from 456.05 to 826 mg gallic acid per 100 g, total flavonoid between 1909.25 to 292.62 mg of quercetin per 100 g, anthocyanin levels ranging from 6.89 to 26.24 mg cyanidine-3-glucoside in Liter, the antioxidant activity varied between 62.07% and 87.14%. There was a significant and positive correlation between phenol total phenotype and antioxidant activity at 1% level, but there was no significant correlation with total flavonoid, anthocyanin and height. Based on the results of cluster analysis, 30 G. glabra were divided into two main groups. The evaluation of populations in terms of phytochemical traits showed a high variation that N, KA, BA, T, E, Y, M, MR, and SB populations Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
114 - Phenolic Compounds and Antioxidant Activity of Plant Milkweed (Calotropis Procera)
somayeh Gholamshahi ali salehi sardoeiPlants are rich sources of phenolic compounds (flavonoids, tannins and anthocyanins) in the most important natural antioxidants. Dietary antioxidants to protect the body against stress and health are important oxiddative. This study was designed to investigate the quali MorePlants are rich sources of phenolic compounds (flavonoids, tannins and anthocyanins) in the most important natural antioxidants. Dietary antioxidants to protect the body against stress and health are important oxiddative. This study was designed to investigate the quality and quantity of phenolic compounds and antioxidant milkweed plants as an alternative to synthetic antioxidants has been done. After preparing the methanolic extract, the phenol concentration was measured by spectrophotometry and finally, the antioxidant activity of the extract was measured using radical 2 and 2-diphenyl-1-picaril hydrazil (DPPH) method. Analysis of variance was performed using SAS software and the means by Duncan's test at P> 0/05 were compared. The results obtained showed that the phenolic The results showed that, the phenolic and antioxidant compounds in leaf were more than other organs and so higher the Bam region than Jiroft region. The results were the same applies to fruit. But the flowers and sap (latex) more phenolic compounds found in Jiroft native milkweed. Phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity of leaf sap compared with 2/5 times. Latex (sap) Milkweed in Bam and Jiroft region Compared with organs (leaves, flowers, fruits) had the lowest total phenolic compounds. The results of this study medicinal plant milkweed and antioxidant phenolic compounds as natural antioxidants and can be used in pharmaceutical and food industry. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
115 - (Short Paper) Study on the effect of different concentrations of colchicine on the secondary metabolites production in Linum usitatissimumcalli (Flax)
Raheleh khademian Fatemeh Karimzadeh behnam sedaghatiAbstract In this factorial study in a completely randomized design, the effect of different concentrations of colchicine (0, 15, 30, 45 and 60 mg/L) and different time intervals (12, 24 and 48 hours) on the amount of phenol and lignan production was investigated in the MoreAbstract In this factorial study in a completely randomized design, the effect of different concentrations of colchicine (0, 15, 30, 45 and 60 mg/L) and different time intervals (12, 24 and 48 hours) on the amount of phenol and lignan production was investigated in the callus tissue of Linum usitatissimum L. For callus induction, cotyledon explants were cultured on solid MS medium supplemented with 2 mg/l 6-Benzylaminopurine (BAP) and 1 mg/l 1-Naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA).The total phenolic and lignan contents were measured by spectrophotometric method based on the standard curves of gallic acid and sesamin at 765 and 288 nm, respectively. The highest amount of fresh and dry weight of callus was related to 45 mg/l colchicine treatment. Maximum and minimum levels of lignin in experimental periods were obtained from 15 mg/l (in average 28.4 mg SE/ g DW) and 30 mg/l (in average 19.75 mg SE/ g DW) colchicine, respectively. According to the results, the highest (164 mg GA/g) and lowest (145.6 mg GA/g) levels of total phenol content were observed in 60 and 30 mg/l colchicine treatments, respectively. The results indicated that the production of valuable secondary metabolites such as phenol and lignan in flax callus were increased under some colchicine treatments. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
116 - Phytochemichl and antioxidant analysis of different parts of Citrullus colocynthis L. in different regions from Southeast of Iran
صدیقه اسمعیل زاده بهابادی foroogh yousefzaeiCitrullus colocynthis L. belonging to the cucurbitaceae family, is used to treat many diseases such as inflammation, rheumatism, and diabetes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the total phenol and flavonoids content of different parts (leaf, seed, fruit pulp and pe MoreCitrullus colocynthis L. belonging to the cucurbitaceae family, is used to treat many diseases such as inflammation, rheumatism, and diabetes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the total phenol and flavonoids content of different parts (leaf, seed, fruit pulp and peel) of C. colocynthis in Kerman, Iranshahr and Zabol habitats. All plant samples were collected from these habitats during June in 2017. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents were determined by using spectrophotometry method. Antioxidant activity of extracts was determined by using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) radical scavenging assay. Based on the results, the most phenol content was observed in leaf extract of C. colocynthis in Kerman (52.19 mg/g DW) and Iranshahr (44.86 mg/g DW), respectively. Most of flavonoid content were in leaf of C. colocynthis in Kerman, in addition, it had the highest antioxidant activity (86percentage). The present study shows the potential of C. colocynthis leaf as a pharmaceutical agent and we hope this study encourage further studies to investigate its phytochemistry and pharmacology. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
117 - Effects of different levels of humic acid and planting density on antioxidant activity and biochemical properties of Trigonella foenum- graecum L.
Mohammed Hossein Aminifard homeyra. ghaderiFenugreek (Trigonellafoenum- graecum L.) is one of the significant medicinal plants and application of organic materials is very important for achieving maximum yields of that. In this study, the effects of applications of humic acid and planting density on biochemical MoreFenugreek (Trigonellafoenum- graecum L.) is one of the significant medicinal plants and application of organic materials is very important for achieving maximum yields of that. In this study, the effects of applications of humic acid and planting density on biochemical characteristics of fenugreek were evaluated under field conditions. Treatments were of three levels of humic acid (0.5 and 10 kg ha-1) and two plant density (25 and 50 plants/m2). This experiment was carried out as factorial based on randomized completely block design with three replications in research farm of University of Birjand, Iran, during growing season 2016.The leaves` antioxidant compounds (antioxidant activity, total phenol and anthocyanin) were recorded at flowering stage. The results were showed that humic acid had significant effect on most biochemical characteristics(antioxidant activity, flavonoid content, total phenol and carbohydrate). The highest of antioxidant activity (64. 67%) and carbohydrate (6.73 mg/g) were observed in 10 kg/ha humicacid, while the lowest antioxidant activity (50.03%) and carbohydrate (3.45 mg/g) were recorded in control. Also, the humic acid uses significantly increased photosynthetic pigments (total chlorophyll, a, b and carotenoids). The highest and the lowest total chlorophyll content were observed (4.51 mg /g) in 10 kg/ha humic acid andcontrol (3.18 mg/g), respectively. Based on the results, the highest flavonoid content (6.43 mg/g) was obtained in the plant density of 25 plants /m2, whereas the lowest flavonoid content (5.46 mg /g) was in planting density of 50 plants /m 2. There were significant differences in the total phenolic and flavonoid content due to interaction plant density and humic acid treatments, in which the highest amount of total phenolic content (42.07 mg/g) was observed in 10 kg/ha humic acid with the plant density of 25 plants /m2.and the lowest content was recorded (41.86 mg /g) in the control with density of 25 plants /m 2. According to the results, using 10 kg ha-1 of humic acid and planting density of 25 plants/ m2 had a significant role in increasing biochemical characteristics of fenugreek. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
118 - Essential oil composition and gum phytochemistery of Dorema ammoniacum D. which collected from Birjand
Mohamad Norani Mohammad-Taghi Ebadi Alexander Crawford Mahdi Ayari NoushabadiDorema ammoniacum D. Don. is a perennial herbs from Apiaceae family that grows wild in central and eastern regions of Iran such as Yazd, Isfahan, Kerman, Semnan and Khorasan provinces, and its local names are Kandal, Vasha or Oshagh and Koma-kandal. There is some eviden MoreDorema ammoniacum D. Don. is a perennial herbs from Apiaceae family that grows wild in central and eastern regions of Iran such as Yazd, Isfahan, Kerman, Semnan and Khorasan provinces, and its local names are Kandal, Vasha or Oshagh and Koma-kandal. There is some evidence in Iranian traditional medicine about the anticonvulsant and anti-inflammatory properties of D. ammoniacum gum resin exuding from its root and stem. In this study, roots, stems, leaves, flowers and gums of D. ammoniacum were collected in the spring 2018 from Birjand in South Khorasan province. After drying the samples, the essential oils were extracted by hydro distillation and their content and compositions were investigated with gas chromatography techniques. The highest and lowest yield of essential oil in D. ammoniacum was obtained for gum and roots with a value of 1.0% and 0.2%, respectively. Based on the analysis of essential oils, 73 compounds were identified in organs and gum. In roots, stems, leaves, flowers and gum essential oils 91.3 %, 97.15 %, 91.8 %, 88.4 % and 89.4 % of the total components were identified, respectively. (Z)-sabinene hydrate, (2E, 6E)-farnesol, elemicin and n-hexacosane were common compounds among all essential oils. In addition, a series of monocyclic bisabolene compounds such as α-bisabolol, Z-α-bisabolene, β-bisabolene, ar-curcumene, ar-dihydro turmerone in different organs of the D. ammoniacum essential oils. The percentage of bisabolene compounds identified in different D. ammoniacum essential oils was 35.5% for root, 3.4% for stem, 1.4% for leaf, 14.5% for flower and 8.5% for gum essential oil. The most identified compounds in the D. ammoniacum essential oil were sesquiterpene compounds. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
119 - Effects of different drying methods on drying time and some phytochemical traits of Solidago virgaurea L.
Sepideh Parsafar ghasem eghlima Mohammad Hossein Mirjalili Samad Nejad Ebrahimi Javad HadianTo investigate the effect of different drying methods on the Solidago virgaurea L., an experiment based on a completely randomized design with six treatments and three replications was conducted in 2018 in the Ecophysiology Laboratory of Shahid Beheshti University of Te MoreTo investigate the effect of different drying methods on the Solidago virgaurea L., an experiment based on a completely randomized design with six treatments and three replications was conducted in 2018 in the Ecophysiology Laboratory of Shahid Beheshti University of Tehran. In this study, aerial parts of S. virgaurea L. was harvested from Sangdeh natural habitat located in Mazandan province at full flowering stage. The drying methods were shade and sun-drying (natural drying), oven-drying (40 and 50 °C), and microwave-drying (550 and 1000 watt). In all methods, drying of the plant materials was continued until the moisture content reached 10% (based on plant fresh weight). Methanolic extract was obtained from the dried samples and some secondary metabolites including content of total phenol, total flavonoid and leiocarposide were measured by Folin-Ciocalteu method, aluminum chloride method, and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), respectively. The minimum (7 minutes) and maximum (60 hours) drying times were related to 1000 watt microwave drying and shade drying methods, respectively. The highest content of total phenol (30 mg Gallic acid /g DW) in shading drying treatment and the highest content of total flavonoids (7.95 mg Rutin/g DW) and leiocarposide (3.07 mg/g DW) was observed in the oven at 40 °C. In addition, active metabolites content decreased with increasing microwave power and oven temperature. In general, the correct choice of drying method depends on several factors, and among them, the type of active ingredient, optimal energy consumption and cost savings should also be considered. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
120 - Investigation of effective compounds and antioxidant properties of five cultivar of hops (Humulus Lupulus L.) in different regions of Golestan province
mostafa hamidi saeed navabpour mohsen fathi sadabadiTo investigate the effect of the environment on phenolic and flavonoid contents and antioxidant and phytochemical properties of essential oils in five cultivars of hop, in four regions of Golestan province (Gorgan, Aliabad, Galikesh, and Azadshahr), an experiment was co MoreTo investigate the effect of the environment on phenolic and flavonoid contents and antioxidant and phytochemical properties of essential oils in five cultivars of hop, in four regions of Golestan province (Gorgan, Aliabad, Galikesh, and Azadshahr), an experiment was conducted as randomized complete block design with three replications during 2021-2022. Fruit extracts were prepared by soaking method using acetone solvent and the phenolic and flavonoid contents and the antioxidant properties were determined via Folin-Ciocalteu, aluminum chloride colorimetric, and DPPH method, respectively. Extraction of essential oils from fruit and identification of the compounds in the essential oil were carried out by water distillation method (Clevenger machine) and a gas chromatograph connected to a mass spectrometer (GC/MS), respectively. Overall, 32 compounds were identified, including Beta-acid, Alpha-acid, Co-humulone, total oil, Caryophyllene, Humulene, and Myrcene compounds, as the main components of the essential oil. Cascade cultivar in Gorgan region had the highest rate of phenolic and flavonoid contents as well as antioxidant activity, which can be related to the climatic conditions of the region and the higher potential of this cultivar. Also, all cultivars in Gorgan region had the highest content of secondary metabolites than others. Among the cultivated cultivars, Cascade and then Centennial had the highest content of secondary metabolites in all cultivation areas. Therefore, in order to achieve higher secondary metabolites, cultivation of Cascade in Gorgan region is recommend. On the other hand, Nugget in Galicash had the lowest content of secondary metabolites, which can be related to its lower potential in production of secondary metabolites and the climatic conditions of Galicash region which is located at a higher altitude and has a negative effect on the production of secondary metabolites. Therefore, considering the effect of different environmental conditions on the medicinal compounds of the species, it is recommended to evaluate the effect of the other factors, including the soil of the habitats. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
121 - Investiganting the effect of methyl jasmonate and titanium dioxide nanoparticles on physiological and phytochemical variations of Rosa damascena. Mill. esential oil
Zahra Allahverdi Mehrab Yadegari Mohammad MoghaddamRosa damascena Mill. belongs to Rosaceae family and is considered as one of the most important medicinal and industrial plant. In the present study, the effects of foliar application of methyl jasmonate and titanium dioxide nanoparticles were investigated on physiologic MoreRosa damascena Mill. belongs to Rosaceae family and is considered as one of the most important medicinal and industrial plant. In the present study, the effects of foliar application of methyl jasmonate and titanium dioxide nanoparticles were investigated on physiological and phytochemical traits of Rosa damascena Mill. in two separate experiments based on a randomized complete block design with 3 replications in Farsan during two growing seasons (2019 and 2020). Foliar application of methyl jasmonate (0, 0.5, 1, and 2 mM) and titanium dioxide nanoparticles (0, 100, 200, and 300 mg L-1) was performed three times with 4-day intervals before the flowering stage. Essential oil extraction was done by steam distillation (a clevenger apparatus), phytochemical evaluation was performed using spectrophotometric method, and antioxidant performance was evaluated through DPPH test. Results showed that foliar application of elicitors increased dry weight of leaves and photosynthetic pigments. The phenolic compounds of leaves and petals of R. damascena Mill. also increased in response to applied elicitors and the highest increment was observed in plants treated with 1 mM methyl jasmonate and 100 mg L-1 titanium dioxide nanoparticles. Also the results showed the positive effect of applied treatments on increasing macro (N, P, K and Mg) and micro elements (Fe, Mn, and Zn) in leaves of damask rose. Methyl jasmonate (0.5-1 mM) increased the essential oil content of the treated plants by 34.32%. According to the obtained results, methyl jasmonate applied at concentration of 1 mM is suggested to improve the physiological and phytochemical characteristics of the R. damascena plants. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
122 - Phytochemical investigation of the extract of different organs of Silene conoidea. L. using gas chromatography-mass spectrometer in Sabzevar
Samira Eghbali Mino Qalichi Akram TaleghaniSilene weed plant (Silene conoidea. L) is a medicinal and edible plant from the Caryophyllacea family. The medicinal properties of this species are mostly attributed to its phenolic chemical compounds. This plant in traditional and modern medicine, used for treatment of MoreSilene weed plant (Silene conoidea. L) is a medicinal and edible plant from the Caryophyllacea family. The medicinal properties of this species are mostly attributed to its phenolic chemical compounds. This plant in traditional and modern medicine, used for treatment of skin infections, and blood coagulation which its medicinal properties are attributed to phenolic compounds. In this research, flower, stem, leaf and root of S. conoidea collected from Sabzevar in Spring 2022, the chemical compositions of chloroform and dichloromethane fractions were reported by GC-MS. In order to preparation of fractions for all the organs under the same conditions, petroleum ether was used for defatting, and chloroform and dichloromethane were used to extract the effective phytochemicals by maceration method. Analysis GC-MS of chloroform fractions showed that terpene derivatives, phenolic derivatives, hydrocarbons, fatty acids, heterocyclic derivatives, phenylpropanes, silane derivatives and steroids are the main constituent compounds in all organs. Hydrocarbon derivatives (69.16%) in flower, terpene derivatives (40.46%) in stem and fatty acid derivatives (40.46% and 63.98%) respectively in leaf and root are the most constituent compounds in chloroform fractions. Also, the analysis GC-MS of dichloromethane fractions showed that terpene derivatives (47.62% and 40.53%) in leaf and stem and silane derivatives (52.70%) in root are the most constituent compounds, respectively. The properties of solvents play an important role in determining the extraction of phytochemical compounds with unique biological properties. In general, the results of this research show that the non-polar extract of chloroform and the stem of plant have valuable effective substances, especially terpene compounds for medicinal purposes. These results suggested that other genetic resources of S. conoidea can be further explored to screen high bioactive compounds and purification of phytochemical compounds, which are valuable to produce, expand, and develop natural antioxidants in production of bio-medicine and food. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
123 - Analysis and Identification of Essential Oil Constituents in the Vegetative and Reproductive Organs of Salvia macrosiphon Boiss. in Natural Habitat of Fars Province
Ali Bahrami Alireza Yavari Alireza RahebThis study is the first to investigate the chemical composition of three organs (flower, leaf and stem) essential oils of Salvia macrosiphon Boiss., which grows wild and belongs to Lamiaceae family, in Fras procince. In the present experiment, 30 plants in full flowerin MoreThis study is the first to investigate the chemical composition of three organs (flower, leaf and stem) essential oils of Salvia macrosiphon Boiss., which grows wild and belongs to Lamiaceae family, in Fras procince. In the present experiment, 30 plants in full flowering stage were randomly prepared from Jahrom region of Fars province and divided into three groups of 10 and then flowers, leaves and stems of each group were isolated for testing. Essential oil was extracted from each organ with three replications and in each repetition 200 g of plant material was done by hydro-distillation using Clevenger apparatus and they were analyzed by a combination of GC-FID and GC-MS techniques, to check for chemical variability. The yield of essential oil (w/w%) was the highest in flowers (0.48%) > then in leaves (0.28%) > and finally in stems (0.06%). The total number of compounds identified and quantified were twenty-five in flowers, eighteen in leaves and twenty-one in stems, representing 93.1%, 93.4% and 92.2% of the total oil, respectively. Results of essential oil compound analysis illustrated that flower expressed a high content of linalool. Meanwhile, bicyclogermacrene + (E)-caryophyllene and germacrene D + bicyclogermacrene were the major compounds in leaf and stem organs, respectively. Also, results showed that sesquiterpene hydrocarbons were the common and the highest amount in the three studied organs, which were the highest in leaves (69.1%) > then stems (68.0%) > and at last in flowers (34.5%). The highest level of oxygenated monoterpens was found at the flower part, represented by 27.3% of linalool. In conclusion, the plant organs of S. macrosiphon affected its essential oil quality and its concentration. Flowers were the most beneficial organ of this species for essential oil and linalool compound productions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
124 - Investigation of the effect of habitats height on phytochemical and morphological characteristics of Ziziphus nummularia (Burm.f.) Wight. & Arn. - A case study of the habitats of Khuzestan province
Kourosh Zandifar Ali Mehrafarin Hassanali Naghdi Badi Majid Ghorbani NohoojiZiziphus nummularia is a thorny shrub belonging to the Rhamnaceae family which has a variety of phytochemical compounds. This study was conducted with the aim of phytochemical and morphological evaluation of Z. nummularia populations in different heights of habitats in MoreZiziphus nummularia is a thorny shrub belonging to the Rhamnaceae family which has a variety of phytochemical compounds. This study was conducted with the aim of phytochemical and morphological evaluation of Z. nummularia populations in different heights of habitats in Khuzestan province.The leaves and fruits of Z. nummularia were collected from different heights of natural habitats of Khuzestan province, including altitude groups of 0-200, 200-400, 400-800 and 800-1000 meters above sea level in summer and autumn. The morphological characteristics were measured using accurate measuring tools and also phytochemical characteristics were measured using a Spectrophotometer.The results showed that different morphological and phytochemical traits including leaf length, thorn length, ripe fruit weight, ripe fruit diameter, number of thorns, and also content of phenolic compounds, flavonoids, tannins and saponins were significantly different in various habitats of Khuzestan province. Based on the cluster analysis of morphological traits, the trees in habitats with a height of 200-400 m were different from other groups. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed that leaf length and width, saponin and phenol content of leaf and fruit, and leaf tannin content were identified as the most important traits with the highest correlation factor for population identification. Altitude above sea level is an important factor that had a significant impact on various morphological and phytochemical traits of Z. nummularia, including the quality and quantity of leaves and fruits. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
125 - بررسی میزان فنل، فلاونوئید کل و فعالیت آنتیاکسیدانی صمغ گیاه Pistacia atlantica از منطقه سراوان (استان سیستان و بلوچستان)
زهرا صادقی جعفر ولی زاده امید عزیزیان شرمه -
Open Access Article
126 - بررسی ترکیبات فنلی و عملکرد آنتیاکسیدانی عصارههای آبی و متانولی برگ سه گونه از جنس Pistacia در منطقه سروستان شیراز
علی خدیو سروستانی محمود دژم -
Open Access Article
127 - بررسی اثر تنشهای خشکی و شوری بر میزان ترکیبات فنلی گیاه دارویی Thymus vulgaris L.
افسانه صیادی جعفر احمدی بهور اصغری سید محسن حسینی -
Open Access Article
128 - بررسی اثر زمان کاشت و کاربرد کود شیمیایی نیتروژن و فسفر بر ویژگیهای جوانهزنی بذر بالنگو شیرازی Lallemantia royleana Benth.))
طاهره کریمی جلیله وندی -
Open Access Article
129 - بررسی ترکیبات شیمیایی و فعالیت آنتی اکسیدانی عصاره برگ به
اکرم شریفی محمد مهدی معدنی پور -
Open Access Article
130 - The Effect Ef Tragopogon Collinus Extract On Physicochemical, Microbial And Sensory Properties Of Probiotic Yogurt Containing Lactobacillus Casei
Mohammad Maleki Peiman Ariayi Mahdi Sharifi Soltani -
Open Access Article
131 - Effect of Percolation and Microwave-assisted Extractions on Bioactive Compounds of Red Alga Gracilariacorticata
Atoosa Shaeri Masoud Honarvar Nargess Mooraki -
Open Access Article
132 - بررسی تأثیر عصاره قاصدک بر ویژگیهای فیزیکوشیمیایی و میکروبی ماست کمکالری پروبیوتیک
الهه کارگذار علی مرتضوی اکرم شریفی -
Open Access Article
133 - فعالیت ضداکسایشی عصاره میکروامولسیون شده چای سبز در روغن کلزا
صدیقه امیری محسن رادی فرود باقری ویدا انصاری -
Open Access Article
134 - بهینهسازی فرایند استخراج ترکیبات فنولی برگ درخت بنه (Pistica atlantica.sub.sp.mutica)با استفاده از دستگاه اولتراسوند
الهام احمدی رقیه دلیری محمد رضا سعیدی اصل نرگس رحیمی -
Open Access Article
135 - تاثیر نفوذ اسمزی ترکیبات موثره پسماند انگور بر خصوصیات کمی و کیفی ژل آلوئه ورا
الهام آذرپژوه پروین شرایعی نصرت عظیمی فرزاد غیبی -
Open Access Article
136 - بررسی خصوصیات ضداکسایشی و ضدمیکروبی عصارة آبی پوست انار در شرایط آزمایشگاهی و غذایی
پروین شرایعی الهام آذرپژوه -
Open Access Article
137 - Triglyceride, Phospholipid and Tocopherol Contents of Grape Seed Oil Extracted Using Cold Press and Hexane
Ali Ebrahimi Malati Karamatollah Rezaei Amir Pourfarzad Zahra Piravi-vanak Rouhollah Karimi -
Open Access Article
138 - Addition of Aqueous Extract of Pomegranate Peel as an Antioxidant in Sunflower Oil Using Microemulsion System
Sedigheh Amiri Elahe Parishani Mohsen Radi -
Open Access Article
139 - بررسی برخی خواص فیزیکوشیمیایی، حسی و آنتی اکسیدانی آب میوه های فرموله شده ترکیبی
لیلا هوشیار مهناز منافی دیزج یکان هدی جعفری زاده مالمیری جواد حصاری صدیف آزادمرد دمیرچی -
Open Access Article
140 - The Effect of Free and Microencapsulated Extract of Nepeta Binaludensis on Sensory and Microbial Properties of Doogh
Afsaneh Azimi Mahalleh Parvin Sharayeei Elham Azarpazhooh Azam Azimi Mahalleh -
Open Access Article
141 - تعیین میزان و مقایسه ترکیبات فنلی و فعالیت آنتیاکسیدانی عصارههای آبی، متانولی، اتانولی و هگزانی حاصل از اندامهای مختلف گیاه دارویی برازمبل (Perovskia abrotanoides Karel.)
حسن بیات مرتضی علیرضایی نقندر محمد حسین امینی فرد -
Open Access Article
142 - Determination of Phenolic Compounds and Free Radical Scavenging Activity of Microalgae Spirulina platensis by Various Extraction Methods
Parisa Delfan Ali Mortazavi Amir Hassein Elhami Rad Masoud Shaffafi Zenoozian -
Open Access Article
143 - Optimization of Bioactive Components Extraction from Onion by-products by Microwave-Assisted Using Response Surface Method (RSM)
Mehranoosh Gharibi Tehrani Amir hosein Elhamirad Elham Azarpazhooh Ahmad Pedramnia Parvin Sharayei -
Open Access Article
144 - Formulation of Rhubarb Alcohol Free Beer and Evaluation of Its Physicochemical Properties During Storage
Mandana Moghimani Akram Sharifi -
Open Access Article
145 - Effect of Ultrasound-assisted Extraction Method on the Contents of Phenolic Compounds and Anti-oxidant Properties of Damask Rose (Rosa damascena Mill.) Extract
Nasim Pourebrahim Amir Hossein Elhamirad Soodabeh Einafshar Mohammad Armin -
Open Access Article
146 - بررسی تأثیر صمغگیری با حمام فراصوت بر ویژگیهای فیزیکوشیمیایی و پروفایل اسید چرب روغن کانولا
رضا اسماعیل زاده کناری راضیه رضوی کبری مرادعلی نیا -
Open Access Article
147 - استفاده از شاخص جذب در ناحیه فرابنفش – مرئی به منظور تعیین نقطه دور ریز روغن سرخ کردنی
علیرضا حسن پور زهرا پیراوی ونک سیمین اسداللهی -
Open Access Article
148 - اثر عرق گشنیز، شوید و رازیانه برترکیبات فنولی و فعالیت آنتی اکسیدانی عسل تولید شده به روش پروسه و بیولوژیکی
سارا خدری محمد گلی فروغ مرتضایی نژاد -
Open Access Article
149 - بررسی خصوصیات ضداکسایشی و ضدمیکروبی عصارةآزاد و ریزپوشانی شدة گیاه پونهسای بینالودی (Nepeta Binaludensis)
افسانه عظیمی محله سید علی مرتضوی پروین شرایعی الهام آذرپژوه راضیه نیازمند -
Open Access Article
150 - بررسی خواص آنتی اکسیدانی و شناسایی ترکیبات شیمیایی عصاره های حاصل از برگ گیاه پرسیاوشان(Adiantum capillus-veneris)
محمد مهدی نعمت شاهی امیر حسین الهامی راد نفیسه نعمت شاهی سید حسین استیری -
Open Access Article
151 - حاملهای لیپیدی نانوساختار به عنوان سیستمهای رسانش هدفمند جهت غنی سازی نوشیدنی های آبی با ترکیبات فعال زیستی
اکرم پزشکی نجف آبادی مریم محمدی -
Open Access Article
152 - بررسی و شناسایی خصوصیات فیزیکی و شیمیایی دانه کهور(PROSOPIS FARCTA)
افشین جعفرپور امیرحسین الهامی راد حسین میر سعید قاضی -
Open Access Article
153 - ارزیابی استخراج ترکیبات فنلی و آنتی اکسیدانی عصاره شقاقل تحت پیش تیمار فراصوت و حلال های ترکیبی
زهرا گرایلی اکرم شریفی هما بقایی -
Open Access Article
154 - مقایسه ترکیبات شیمیایی عضله دو ماهی قباد (Scomberomorus guttatus) و کفشک زبان گاوی (Cynoglossus arel)
غالب بنفشی ابوالفضل عسکری ساری مژده چله مال دزفول نژاد محمد ولایت زاده -
Open Access Article
155 - بررسی اثر جوانه زنی بر برخی ویژگی های شیمایی و فعالیت آنتی اکسیدانی عدس قرمز
فاطمه مسلم ریحانه احمدزاده قویدل اکرم شریفی سید حسین استیری -
Open Access Article
156 - بررسی ویژگیهای کیفی و میکروبیولوژیکی آویشن شیرازی تحت تیمار پرتودهی
ساناز آقاجانی اینچه کیکانلو حمید توکلی پور محسن مختاریان -
Open Access Article
157 - بهینه سازی شرایط استخراج ترکیبات فنلی فلفل قرمز با استفاده از امواج فراصوت به روش سطح پاسخ
راحله دهقان تنها الهام مهدیان محمدحسین امینی فرد حسن بیات رضا گاراژیان -
Open Access Article
158 - بررسی اثر آنتی اکسیدانی عصاره سنجد (Elaeagnus angustifolia L.) بر ماندگاری آب پرتقال
مریم سروریان افشین جعفرپور -
Open Access Article
159 - بررسی تاثیرجایگزینی ساکاروز با دوشاب خرما لوی وحشی بر روی خواص آنتی اکسیدانی و ترکیبات فنولی وویژگی های حسی، بافتی کلوچه فراسومدمند
خورشید آذرهوش اکرم شریفی سیدحسین استیری -
Open Access Article
160 - فعالیت آنتیاکسیدانی عصاره آبی و بافری ژله رویال تازه و خشک شده به روش انجمادی و اثرات ضد باکتریایی آنها بر باکتریهای دهانی و رودهای انسان
مرسده مالکی محمد گلی الهام خسروی -
Open Access Article
161 - Determination of chemical composition and minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration of Mentha spicata L. essential oil against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli
katayoon Mokhayeri Hadi Khohsari Seyyede Zahra Seyyed AlangiMentha spicata L. (Peppermint) is a widely used medicinal herb that also as a commonly herb spice has used in the food industry.This study carried out to evaluating of chemical composition and antibacterial activity of the essential oil of Mentha spicata L. (Peppermint) MoreMentha spicata L. (Peppermint) is a widely used medicinal herb that also as a commonly herb spice has used in the food industry.This study carried out to evaluating of chemical composition and antibacterial activity of the essential oil of Mentha spicata L. (Peppermint) against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli.Essential oil of the herb leafs was extracted by Clevenger apparatus. Chemical composition of essential oil was identified with a Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry system and then Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of this essential oil were determined using micro-dilution broth method in microplate 96 pits. A total of 33 chemical constituents were identified which contained 98.5% the total of essential oil compounds. The most important components of this essential oil were: carvone (%28.35), menthol (%14.35), methylene (%14.059) and limonene (%9.303). MIC and MBC of essential oil of this herb against the S. aureus 25 and 25 µg/ml and against the E.coli was 50 and 100 µg/ml respectively. Due to antibacterial compounds of essential oil of this plant, it can be used as a natural preservative in food. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
162 - Molecular identification and evaluation of antimicrobial effects of dominant LAB isolated from Tarkhineh and its bacteriocin-like substances on some foodborne microorganisms
Atena Sarani علیرضا صادقی Morteza Khomeiri Yahya Maghsoudlou Ali Moayedi Maryam EbrahimiIsolation and evaluation of the characteristics of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) from traditional fermented products have always the possibility of exposure to isolates with unique capabilities.In the present study after molecular identification of dominant LAB isolated fr MoreIsolation and evaluation of the characteristics of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) from traditional fermented products have always the possibility of exposure to isolates with unique capabilities.In the present study after molecular identification of dominant LAB isolated from Tarkhineh, antibacterial and antifungal effects of the isolate and its bacteriocin-like substances on some foodborne indicators were investigated in accordance with the reference methods. Sequencing results of polymerase chain reaction led to the identification of Lactococcus lactis as dominant isolate. LAB isolate had proper antibacterial effect but there was no significant difference (P<0.05) between growth inhibitory diameter of S. aureus and E. coli in present of the isolate. Furthermore, the inhibitory effect of the crude supernatant was higher than that of the neutralized and treated supernatants against studied indicator bacteria. The highest reduction in the population of S. aureus (87.91%) was also observed in the presence of crude supernatant obtained from Logarithmic growth phase. The LAB isolate had the higher antifungal effect on A. flavus rather than A. niger, but the growth rate of A. niger compared to A. flavus was remarkably (P<0.05) higher in each of the third to sixth days of incubation in the presence of bacteriocin-like substances. Based on the results of this study, Lactococcus lactis isolate and its bacteriocin-like substrates can be used as starter culture in fermented food processing, or as bio-preservative in food and pharmaceutical industries. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
163 - Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Effects of Ethanolic Extract of Rosa canina Fruit on Increasing the Shelf Life of Chicken Meat Kept at Rrefrigerator Temperature
Sedigheh Yazdanpanah Fatemeh ShirvaniRosa canina fruit extract with its high content of bioactive compounds such as vitamin C, carotenoids and polyphenolic compounds, can be used as a natural preservative in meat products. The aim of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial and antioxidant activity MoreRosa canina fruit extract with its high content of bioactive compounds such as vitamin C, carotenoids and polyphenolic compounds, can be used as a natural preservative in meat products. The aim of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of Rosa canina fruit extract to improve durability at refrigerator temperature. For this purpose, ethanolic extract of Rosa canina fruit was prepared by microwave at three concentration levels (0.5%, 1% and 2%) and added to chicken samples. An extract-free sample was considered as a control. All specimens were kept at 4 °C for 10 days. Microbial properties including: Total bacterial count, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus coagulase positive and Salmonella, physicochemical properties including: fat oxidation, free radical inhibition, methemoglobin absorption, pH and volatile nitrogen during the first, fourth, seventh and tenth days were tested. The results showed that Rosa canina Fruit extract significantly reduced the mean (P Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
164 - Antioxidant Effect optimization of ethanol extract of Cirsium vulgare on oxidative stability of soybean oil and comparison with synthetic antioxidant (BHT)
الهام Azadfar Maryam Sabetghadam زهره Bahrami بیتا BeyzaeiVarious factors such as oxygen, light, heat, metal ions and enzymes can affect the oxidative stability of oils and lipids and finally, oxidative rancidity can occur. The application of synthetic antioxidants has been questioned to delay oxidative rancidity due to their MoreVarious factors such as oxygen, light, heat, metal ions and enzymes can affect the oxidative stability of oils and lipids and finally, oxidative rancidity can occur. The application of synthetic antioxidants has been questioned to delay oxidative rancidity due to their toxicity and carcinogenic probability. This study aims to optimize the oxidant performance of an ethanolic extract of Cirsium vulgare on oxidative stability of soybean oil and compare it with synthetic antioxidants (BHT). In this study, Cirsium vulgare extract was extracted under the influence of concentration (100-300 ppm), duration hours and temperatures . After performing different experiments on the extraction of the best extraction conditions, the best extraction conditions were determined using response surface methodology and extraction in optimum conditions. Data analysis was carried out. The results of the optimization process showed that the oxidative stability of oil showed that; time 24.0 min and concentration 100/01temperature 44/745 were determined. Results showed that the optimum sample of Cirsium vulgare in the stability of soybean oil during storage time was more effective than synthetic antioxidant (BHT), due to higher levels of phenolic compounds and antioxidant present in the optimized sample of Cirsium vulgare. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
165 - A review on the use of Essential oils as natural antimicrobial agents in meat and meat products
Seyedeh Khadijeh Ahmadisheikhshabani seyedeh fatemeh ahmadi Azizollah Fallah MehrjardiWith the increase in the amount of food production, the need for maintenance is felt in order to deliver healthy and high-quality food to consumers. Today, extensive research has been done in relation to the use of natural antimicrobial compounds to deal with pathogens MoreWith the increase in the amount of food production, the need for maintenance is felt in order to deliver healthy and high-quality food to consumers. Today, extensive research has been done in relation to the use of natural antimicrobial compounds to deal with pathogens of food origin, and it has been determined that these compounds are a suitable alternative to chemical antimicrobial compounds. Plant essential oils have good antimicrobial properties due to the presence of polyphenolic compounds. Meat is the main source of protein of animal origin, which is considered one of the most perishable foods due to its abundant nutrients. Nowadays, the use of food coatings containing natural antimicrobial and antioxidant agents, including plant essential oils, is one of the new methods of preservation, which has a good potential to prevent pathogenic microorganisms and also increase the shelf life. They have the shelf life of meat products and are able to increase the shelf life and preserve the natural appearance of meat and meat products. It is interesting to note that active films containing essential oils provide an environmentally friendly solution in the meat industry. In general, active food packaging has shown a suitable technology for improving meat quality and reducing waste in the food industry. This study was conducted with the aim of investigating the antimicrobial effects of different plant essential oils and their synergistic effects in meat preservation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
166 - استخراج ترکیبات موجود در گیاه فراسیون سفید Marrubui vulgare L. رویش یافته در شرایط آب و هوایی ایران
احمدرضا گلپرور امین هادی پناه علی مهراز مهرابی آرزو آرمینمقدمه و هدف:گیاه فراسیون سفید با نام علمی (Marrubuim vulgare L.) گیاه چند ساله و معطر از خانواده نعناع می باشد. این گیاهان در نواحی مختلف ایران به صورت خودرو رشد می کند. هدف از این مطالعه شناسایی ترکیبات موجود در اسانس گیاه فراسیون در شرایط آب و هوایی اصفهان می باشد. ر Moreمقدمه و هدف:گیاه فراسیون سفید با نام علمی (Marrubuim vulgare L.) گیاه چند ساله و معطر از خانواده نعناع می باشد. این گیاهان در نواحی مختلف ایران به صورت خودرو رشد می کند. هدف از این مطالعه شناسایی ترکیبات موجود در اسانس گیاه فراسیون در شرایط آب و هوایی اصفهان می باشد. روش تحقیق:قسمتهای هوایی این گیاهان از کوه­های کامو منطقه اصفهان در بهار سال ١٣٩4 جمع آوری شد.استخراج اسانس به روش تقطیر با آب و به کمک دستگاه اسانس گیری طرح کلونجر صورت گرفت و میزان اسانس به وسیله دستگاه کروماتوگرافی گازی متصل به طیف سنج جرمی (GC/MS) مورد تجزیه و شناسایی قرار گرفت. نتایج و بحث:نتایج بدست آمده از این تحقیق نشان داد که 44 ترکیب در اسانس فراسیون شناسایی شد. ترکیبات اصلی شاملβ-caryophyllene(19/32%)، (E)-β-farnesene (39/11%)، 1,8-cineole (17/8%) و α-pinene (64/6%) حاصل شد. توصیه کاربردی/ صنعتی:بیوسنتز متابولیت­های ثانویه اگرچه توسط عوامل ژنتیکی کنترل می شود اما اثر عوامل محیطی بر روی آن تاثیر مثبتی دارد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
167 - بهینه سازی استخراج ترکیبات فنولیک از گیاه پونه گاوی (Flomidoschema parviflora) با استفاده از دستگاه اولتراسوند
مجتبی حیدری مجد سید علی مرتضوی جواد اصیلی شادی بلوریان محمد آرمین آنا عبدالشاهیمقدمه و هدف: با پیشرفت علوم و صنایع غذایی گرایش به جایگزینی افزودنی های طبیعی به جای انواع سنتزی در مواد غذایی ‏به وجود آمده است. با توجه به اثرات سوء و نامطلوب آنتی اکسیدان های سنتزی استفاده از آنتی اکسیدان های حاصل از ‏منایع طبیعی در چربی ها و روغن های خ Moreمقدمه و هدف: با پیشرفت علوم و صنایع غذایی گرایش به جایگزینی افزودنی های طبیعی به جای انواع سنتزی در مواد غذایی ‏به وجود آمده است. با توجه به اثرات سوء و نامطلوب آنتی اکسیدان های سنتزی استفاده از آنتی اکسیدان های حاصل از ‏منایع طبیعی در چربی ها و روغن های خوراکی به عنوان یک راه حل منطقی در نظر گرفته می شود. در این پژوهش، ‏بهینه سازی استخراج ترکیبات فنولیک از عصاره متانولی 80 درصد گیاه پونه گاوی با استفاده از اولتراسوند و به کمک روش ‏سطح پاسخ پرداخته شده است.‏. روش تحقیق: ‏برای بهینه سازی فرآیند در آزمون ها 3 عامل دما (15، 30 و 45 درجه سانتی­گراد) ، زمان (15، 35 و 55 دقیقه) و ‏pH‏ ‏‏(6، 7 و 8) هر کدام در 3 سطح مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. این طرح از طریق ‏Box-Behnken‏ در سه عامل و در سه ‏سطح که شامل 17 آزمون است انجام شد. نتایج و بحث: نتایج به دست آمده نشان می دهد که مناسب ترین شرایط برای استخراج ‏ترکیبات فنولیک زمان 47 دقیقه، دمای 34 درجه سانتی­گراد و 6.6‏pH=‎‏ می باشد. ‏در بررسی نتایج و روند نمودارها زمان به عنوان موثرترین عامل شناسایی شد. هم­چنین مقایسه بین دو روش استخراج، یعنی غرقابی و اولتراسوند نشان داد که راندمان استخراج ترکیبات فنولیک در روش اولتراسوند نسبت به روش غرقابی بیشتر است. توصیه کاربردی/ صنعتی: در نهایت عصاره گیری به روش اولتراسوند ممکن است از نظر کارآیی استخراج مواد فنولیک از گیاه پونه گاوی پیشنهاد می شود. Manuscript profile -
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168 - ارزیابی تأثیر متغیر های فراصوت بر استخراج ترکیبات فنولی موجود در پوست سبز بادام (Prunus amygdalus)
ویکتوریا مسعودی اعظم اعرابیمقدمه و هدف: استخراج ترکیبات فنولی از باقی مانده محصولات کشاورزی برای توسعه محصولات با ارزش افزوده مهم است. بادام(Prunusamygdalus)یکی از محصولات کشاورزی بومی کشور است که به مقدار زیاد در کشور پرورش داده میشود. در این مطالعه از پوست سبز بادام به­ عنوان یک محصول Moreمقدمه و هدف: استخراج ترکیبات فنولی از باقی مانده محصولات کشاورزی برای توسعه محصولات با ارزش افزوده مهم است. بادام(Prunusamygdalus)یکی از محصولات کشاورزی بومی کشور است که به مقدار زیاد در کشور پرورش داده میشود. در این مطالعه از پوست سبز بادام به­ عنوان یک محصول جانبی که امروزه صرفاً برای تغذیه دام استفاده میشود جهت بررسی استخراج ترکیبات فنولیک و خاصیت آنتی­اکسیدانی آنها استفاده شده است. روش تحقیق: در این تحقیق استخراج ترکیبات فنولی با استفاده از امواج فراصوت به روش سطح پاسخ و با کمک نرم­ افزار مینی تب مورد بررسی قرار گرفته و اثر چهار پارامتر دما، زمان تیمار با فراصوت، فرکانس امواج فراصوت و غلظت اتانول هر کدام در پنج سطح بر میزان استخراج ترکیبات فنولی مورد بررسی و بهینهسازی قرار گرفت. در نهایت تاثیر نسبت حلال به ماده جامد بر میزان استخراج این ترکیبات بررسی شده م با روش متداول سوکسله مورد مقایسه قرار گرفت. نتایج و بحث: نتایج آزمون­ها بر اساس طراحی انجام شده نشان داد که مقدار بهینه استخراج در شرایطی که اتانول 86 %، دما 50 درجه سانتیگراد، زمان 75 دقیقه و فرکانس 163هرتز باشد بهدست میآید. همچنین تأثیر نسبت حلال به ماده جامد (پوست بادام ) در نسبت­های (w/w 1:10، 1:20، 1:30، 1:40) طبق شرایط بهینه به­ دست آمده در مرحله قبل با امواج فراصوت ارزیابی گردید و ظرفیت آنتی­اکسیدانی عصاره­ های استخراج شده در این شرایط با روش مهار رادیکال آزادDPPHاندازه­گیری گردید. نتایج نشان داد بیشترین مقدار ترکیبات فنولیک و ظرفیت آنتی اکسیدانی در نسبت 40:1 حلال به ماده جامد به ترتیب برابر 19/1134 میلی­گرم بر گرم ماده خشک و 42/87 درصد به دست آمد. نتایج این نسبت از حلال و ماده جامد با نتایج به­دست آمده از استخراج ترکیبات فنولیک با روش سوکسله و در حضور اتانول خالص تفاوت معناداری را در ترکیبات فنولیک و ظرفیت آنتیاکسیدانی آن نشان داد. توصیههای کاربردی/ صنعتی:. کاربرد تکنیکهای جدید از جمله امواج فراصوت در استخراج ترکیبات فنولی از منابع گیاهی میتواند راهکار موثری نه تنها برای افزایش میزان استخراج این ترکیبات باشد بلکه به دلیل زمان کوتاهتر، آسیب کمتری نیز به این ترکیبات وارد میشود. Manuscript profile -
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169 - ارزیابی فعالیت ضدباکتریایی عصاره بخش های مختلف گیاه رازیانه
آذین غفاری زاده سید منصور سیدنژاد حسین معتمدی فاطمه شهبازیمقدمه و هدف: رازیانه یک گیاه دارویی و آروماتیک است. آزمایشهای مختلف پزشکی در شرایط آزمایشگاهی و در شرایط زنده به طور متقاعدکنندهای توانایی ضد قارچی ، ضد باکتریایی، آنتی اکسیدانی، ضدترومبوز و فعالیت محافظتی در کبد را نشان داده است. هدف از این مطالعه بررسی فعالیت ضد باک Moreمقدمه و هدف: رازیانه یک گیاه دارویی و آروماتیک است. آزمایشهای مختلف پزشکی در شرایط آزمایشگاهی و در شرایط زنده به طور متقاعدکنندهای توانایی ضد قارچی ، ضد باکتریایی، آنتی اکسیدانی، ضدترومبوز و فعالیت محافظتی در کبد را نشان داده است. هدف از این مطالعه بررسی فعالیت ضد باکتریایی عصاره های رازیانه بر روی باکتریهای بیماری-زا است. روش تحقیق: به این منظور عصارههای اتانولی، متانولی و استونی (از طریق روش خیساندن) بر روی بخشهای مختلف رازیانه (گل، برگ و میوه) آماده شد و فعالیت آنها بر روی برخی گونههای باکتریایی گرم مثبت (استافیلوکوکوس آرئوس، باسیلوس سرئوس) و گرم منفی (سودوموناس آئروژینوزا، اشرشیاکلای) از طریق روش استاندارد دیسک دیفوژن امتحان شدند. نتایج: یافتهها نشان میدهند که حساسترین باکتری نسبت به عصاره استافیلوکوکوس آرئوس و مقاومترین باکتری سودوموناس آئروژینوزا میباشد. نتایج نشان میدهد که در مورد گل رازیانه عصاره متانولی و استونی به ترتیب بیشترین و کمترین خاصیت ضد باکتریایی را دارند و عصاره اتانولی برگ رازیانه بیشترین خاصیت ضد باکتریایی را دارا هستند و در مورد میوه رازیانه عصاره متانولی و استونی به ترتیب حداکثر و حداقل فعالیت ضد باکتریایی را دارد. در کل نتیجه این مطالعه نشان میدهد که عصاره گل رازیانه نسبت به بقیه اجزا رازیانه خصوصیات ضد باکتریایی بیشتری دارد.توصیههای کاربردی/ صنعتی: مکانیسم عمل رازیانه به علت حضور ترکیبات فنولی و ترپنوئیدی است. این ترکیبات به طور بالقوه بر روی نفوذپذیری غشای باکتریها اثر میگذارد و در نتیجه باعث مرگ سلول میشود. بنابراین عصاره رازیانه میتواند برای کنترل باکتریهای مقاوم به چندین آنتیبیوتیک مورد استفاده قرار گیرد. Manuscript profile -
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170 - ترکیبات شیمیایی اسانس پونه (Mentha pulegium L.) جمع آوری شده از جنوب ایران
علی خلیلی پور محمود دژممقدمه و هدف: اسانس پونه (Mentha pulegium L.)کاربردهای متعددی درصنایع غذایی، عطرسازی و داروسازی دارد. هدف این پژوهش تعیین میزان وترکیبات اسانس پونه وحشی از جنوب ایران بود. روش تحقیق:اندام های هوایی این گیاه از اطراف شهرستان حاجی آباد (استان هرمزگان ) در سال 1392 جمع Moreمقدمه و هدف: اسانس پونه (Mentha pulegium L.)کاربردهای متعددی درصنایع غذایی، عطرسازی و داروسازی دارد. هدف این پژوهش تعیین میزان وترکیبات اسانس پونه وحشی از جنوب ایران بود. روش تحقیق:اندام های هوایی این گیاه از اطراف شهرستان حاجی آباد (استان هرمزگان ) در سال 1392 جمع آوری شدند. اسانس بخش های هوایی خشک شده به روش تقطیر با آب استخراج گردید و با استفاده از کروماتوگرافی گازی متصل به طیف نگار جرمی تجزیه شد. نتایج و بحث: عملکرد اسانس اندام های هوایی پونه 6/. درصد (حجم/وزن) بود. در مجموع 55ترکیب در این اسانس شناسایی شدند که ترکیبات مونوترپن اکسیژنه غالب بودند. ترکیبات عمده اسانس به ترتیب شامل پولگون (18/46 درصد)، پیپریتنون (56/19درصد)، 1،8-سینئول (55/4 درصد) و پیپریتنون اکسید (23/4 درصد) بودند. توصیه کاربردی/ صنعتی: پولگون به عنوان مهمترین ترکیب شناسایی شده در گونه پونه (Mentha pulegium L.) کاربردهای فراوانی در صنایع داروسازی، غذایی و غیره دارد Manuscript profile -
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171 - ترکیبات شیمیایی و فعالیت ضدمیکروبی اسانس بومادران علیه باکتریها و قارچهای بیماریزای شایع در ماهی
میلاد عادل آرمین عابدین امیری مریم دیوبند رضا سفری الهام خلیلیمقدمه و هدف: با افزایش مقاومت عوامل بیماریزا در ماهی نسبت به داورهای شیمیایی، استفاده از گیاهان دارویی با خواص ضد میکروبی ضروری به نظر می­رسد. در این مطالعه ترکیبات شیمیایی بخش­های هوایی اسانس بومادران وحشی پرورش یافته در رشته­کوه­های زاگرس (جنوب غربی ای Moreمقدمه و هدف: با افزایش مقاومت عوامل بیماریزا در ماهی نسبت به داورهای شیمیایی، استفاده از گیاهان دارویی با خواص ضد میکروبی ضروری به نظر می­رسد. در این مطالعه ترکیبات شیمیایی بخش­های هوایی اسانس بومادران وحشی پرورش یافته در رشته­کوه­های زاگرس (جنوب غربی ایران) تعیین و خواص ضد میکروبی آن بر روی باکتری­ها و قارچ­های بیماریزای شایع در ماهی مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. روش تحقیق: در این مطالعه، خواص ضد میکروبی اسانس بومادران علیه پنج باکتری شامل استرپتوکوکوس اینیائی، یرسینیا راکری، ویبریو آنگوئیلاروم، آئروموناس هیدروفیلا و سودوموناس آئروجینوزا و چهار قارچ بیماریزای: ساپرولگنیا، فوزاریوم سولانی، کاندیدا آلبیکنز و آسپرژیلوس فلاوس مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. همچنین، ترکیبات تشکیل دهنده اسانس بومادران با استفاده از دستگاه گاز کروماتوگرافی- طیف سنج جرمی (GC/MS) تعیین شد. نتایج و بحث: بازده اسانس جمع آوری شده از استان چهارمحال و بختیاری 63/0% بود. مهمترین ترکیبات تشکیل دهنده اسانس بومادران شامل: 8-1 سینئول (2/25%)، کامفور (9/18%)، لینالول (9/6%)، بارنئول (7/5%) و آرتیمزیا (3/4%) بود. همه میکروارگانیسم­های مورد مطالعه نسبت به اسانس بومادران حساسیت بیشتری را نسبت به آنتی بیوتیک­های کنترل نشان دادند. بشترین خواص ضد باکتری و ضدقارچی بومادران به ترتیب علیه باکتری یرسینیا راکری (با قطر هاله مهار رشد 4/25 میلی­متر) و قارچ کاندیدا آلبیکنز (25 میلی­متر) مشاهده شد. این در حالی است که کمترین حساسیت نسبت به باکتری استرپتوکوکوس اینیائی (4/16 میلی­متر) و قارچ آسپرژیلوس فلاوس (14 میلی­متر) مشاهده شد. علاوه بر این، حداقل غلظت مهار کنندگی رشد (MIC) اسانس مورد مطالعه در محدوده 125 تا 800 میکروگرم/ لیتر تعیین شد که قادر به مهار رشد باکتری­ها و قارچ­های بیماریزای منتخب بود. توصیه کاربردی/صنعتی: نتایج این تحقیق نشان دهنده آن است که اسانس بومادران می­تواند به عنوان یک منبع بالقوه جدید و موثرتر از آنتی بیوتیک­های تجاری در صنعت آبزیان مورد استفاده قرار گیرد. هر چند که، انجام مطالعات بیشتر به منظور خالص سازی، جداسازی و تعیین ترکیبات دارای خواص ضد میکروبی اسانس بومادران ضروری به نظر می­رسد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
172 - ترکیبات شیمیایی و فعالیت ضد میکروبی اسانس (Salvia officinalis L) و (Salvia virgata Jacq)
احمدرضا گلپرور امین هادی پناه محمدمهدی قیصری داوود نادری شیما رحمانیان مجتبی خرمیمقدمه و هدف : (Salvia officinalis L.) و (Salvia virgata Jacq) گیاهان چند ساله و معطر از خانواده نعناع (Lamiaceae) می­باشد. هدف از این تحقیق شناسایی ترکیبات شیمیاییو فعالیت ضد میکروبی دو گونه Salvia بود. روش تحقیق: قسمتهای هوایی S. officinalis و S. virgata به و Moreمقدمه و هدف : (Salvia officinalis L.) و (Salvia virgata Jacq) گیاهان چند ساله و معطر از خانواده نعناع (Lamiaceae) می­باشد. هدف از این تحقیق شناسایی ترکیبات شیمیاییو فعالیت ضد میکروبی دو گونه Salvia بود. روش تحقیق: قسمتهای هوایی S. officinalis و S. virgata به وسیله دستگاه کروماتوگرافی گازی متصل به طیف سنج جرمی (GC/MS) مورد تجزیه و شناسایی قرار گرفت. خاصیت ضد باکتریایی با استفاده از سویه باکتری­های استاندارد شامل Staphylococcus epidermidisوEscherichia coliو قارچ های Alternaria alternataوPenicillium funiculosumدردو روش دیسک دیفیوژن و چاهک گذاریمورد بررسی قرار گرفت. نتایج و بحث: نتایج بدست آمده از این تحقیق نشان داد که 42 ترکیب در اسانس S. officinalis و 29 ترکیب در اسانس S. virgata به ترتیب شناسایی شد. ترکیبات اصلی اسانس S. officinalis شامل α-thujone (18/37%)، 1,8-cineole (71/12%)، β-thujone (10/9%)، camphene (54/5%) و viridiflorol (33/5%) شناسایی شد. و ترکیبات اصلی اسانس S. virgata شامل caryophyllene oxide (23/30%)، β-caryophyllene (63/22%)، sabinene (82/11%)، 1-octan-3-ol (64/6%)، thujene (28/6%) و terpinene-4-ol (25/5%) شناسایی شد. اسانس S. officinalisو S. virgata در روش چاهک گذاری بیشترین ویژگی ضد میکروبی را برای S. epidermidisنشان داده و کمترین اثر را بر E. coli داشت. در روش دیسک دیفیوژن بیشترین ویژگی ضد میکروبی اسانس S. officinalisو S. virgata بر ضد E. coliوP. funiculosum (PTCC NO. 5301) بوده و کمترین اثر را بر A. alternate نشان داد. توصیه کاربردی/صنعتی: در مجموع اسانس S. officinalisخاصیت ضد میکروبی بیشتری نسبت به گیاهS. virgata نشان داد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
173 - ترکیبات شیمیایی اسانس نعناع فلفلی (Mentha piperita L) کشت شده در شرایط آب و هوایی اصفهان
احمدرضا گل پرور امین هادی پناهمقدمه و هدف: اسانس نعناع فلفلی(Mentha piperita L) یکی از مشهورترین و کاربردترین اسانس ها در بین اسانس های گیاهان دارویی و معطر است. هدف از این مطالعه شناسایی ترکیبات شیمیایی اسانس استخراج شده از نعناع فلفلی کشت شده در شرایط آب هوایی اصفهان می باشد. روش تحقیق Moreمقدمه و هدف: اسانس نعناع فلفلی(Mentha piperita L) یکی از مشهورترین و کاربردترین اسانس ها در بین اسانس های گیاهان دارویی و معطر است. هدف از این مطالعه شناسایی ترکیبات شیمیایی اسانس استخراج شده از نعناع فلفلی کشت شده در شرایط آب هوایی اصفهان می باشد. روش تحقیق: اندام­های هوایی نعناع فلفلی از مزارع منطقه میمه اصفهان در سال ۱٣٩۱ جمع آوری شد. استخراج اسانس به روش تقطیر با آب و به کمک دستگاه اسانس گیری طرح کلونجر صورت گرفت و میزان اسانس به وسیله دستگاه کروماتوگرافی گازی متصل به طیف سنج جرمی (GC/MS) مورد تجزیه و شناسایی قرار گرفت. نتایج و بحث: در مجموع ٢٩ ترکیب از اسانس اندام­های هوایی نعناع فلفلی حاصل شد. به طور کلی با توجه به نتایج این تحقیق، ترکیبات اصلی شامل کامفن (۰۱/۱۴%)، منتون (٨٩/۱٣%)، منتول (٣٧/۱٢%)، بتا-پینن (۶٢/٧%)، پولگون (۴۱/۶%)، بتا- کاببن (٩٥/۴%)، آلفا-پینن (٧۴٣/۴%)، گاما- ترپینن (۰٨/۴%)، کارن (٨۱/٣%) و پیپریتون (۰۴/٣%) به دست آمد. توصیه کاربردی/ صنعتی: میزان اسانس نعناع فلفلی بر اساس شرایط آب و هوایی از سالی به سال دیگر تغییر می کند. مهمترین ترکیب شناسایی شده در اسانس نعناع فلفلی منطقه میمه ترکیبات مونوترپن هیدروکربنه و اکسیژنه بودند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
174 - استفاده از سرخارگل (Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench) بعنوان جایگزین پادزی-های محرک رشد در تغذیه طیور
نصیر لندی فرشید خیریمقدمه و هدف: افزودنی­های خوراکی با هدف تحریک اشتها، بهبود عملکرد و ارتقاء عملکرد سیستم ایمنی به طور گسترده­ای در تغذیه­ی دام و طیور استفاده می­شوند. برای سال­های طولانی پادزی­ها جهت افزایش رشد در تغذیه­ی دام و طیور مورد استفاده قرار گرفته­ Moreمقدمه و هدف: افزودنی­های خوراکی با هدف تحریک اشتها، بهبود عملکرد و ارتقاء عملکرد سیستم ایمنی به طور گسترده­ای در تغذیه­ی دام و طیور استفاده می­شوند. برای سال­های طولانی پادزی­ها جهت افزایش رشد در تغذیه­ی دام و طیور مورد استفاده قرار گرفته­اند. پس از ممنوعیت استفاده از پادزی­ها در سطوح پایین­تر از سطوح مورد استفاده جهت درمان و افزایش تقاضا برای محصولات دامی عاری از پادزی­ها در اتحادیه­ی اروپا، افزودنی­های طبیعی جهت حفظ عملکرد سیستم ایمنی و دستگاه گوارش مورد نیاز هستند. نتایج و بحث: سرخارگل یکی از افزودنی­­­های گیاهی می­باشد که بعلت دارا بودن خاصیت تحریک کنندگی سیستم ایمنی مورد توجه قرار گرفته است. اثرات سرخارگل در حیوانات آزمایشگاهی بطور مؤثری مورد بررسی قرار گرفته و همچنین بخاطر اثرات کلینیکی بالقوه در آزمایشات انسانی مورد تحقیق قرار گرفته است. سرخارگل حاوی مواد مؤثره­ای می باشد که در درمان بسیاری از بیماری­ها و تقویت سیستم ایمنی مؤثر هستند. این مواد مؤثره شامل آلکامیدها، گلیکوپروتیین­ها، پلی ساکاریدها، ترکیبات فنلی، سینامیک اسیدها، اسانس­های روغنی و فلاوونوئید­ها می­باشند. توصیه کاربردی/صنعتی: تحقیقاتی که در زمینه­ی استفاده از سرخارگل در تغذیه­ی طیور انجام شده­اند محدود هستند، اگرچه می­توان به عنوان یک راهنما از تحقیقات انجام شده جهت مطالعات آتی استفاده نمود. در این مقاله سعی بر آن شده است تا دانش فعلی موجود و اثرات مواد مؤثره­ی سرخارگل در بهبود عملکرد، تندرستی و عملکرد سیستم ایمنی طیور مورد بحث قرار گیرند Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
175 - فعالیت آنتی اکسیدانی، ترکیبات پلی فنولی و همبستگی بین آنها در کاسبرگ گیاه چای ترش
حکیمه علومی شهریار شاکری مجید بهزادیمقدمه و هدف: عصاره کاسبرگ چای ترش غنی از ترکیبات آنتی اکسیدانی طبیعی میباشد. در این پژوهش بررسی همبستگی فعالیت آنتی اکسیدانی و ترکیبات فنولی گیاه چای ترش مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. روش تحقیق: محتوای ترکیبات فنولی کل، فلاونوئیدها و آنتوسیانین ها بصورت اسپکتروفتومتری بررسی Moreمقدمه و هدف: عصاره کاسبرگ چای ترش غنی از ترکیبات آنتی اکسیدانی طبیعی میباشد. در این پژوهش بررسی همبستگی فعالیت آنتی اکسیدانی و ترکیبات فنولی گیاه چای ترش مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. روش تحقیق: محتوای ترکیبات فنولی کل، فلاونوئیدها و آنتوسیانین ها بصورت اسپکتروفتومتری بررسی شد. فعالیت آنزیم های کاتالاز و پروکسیداز در میلی گرم پروتئین محاسبه شد. فعالیت آنتی اکسیدانی عصاره بر اساس روش فسفومولیبدات، درصد مهارDPPH و قدرت احیا فریک مورد بررسی قرارگرفت. نتایج و بحث: کاسبرگ چای ترش غنی از ترکیبات فنولی، فلاونوئیدها و آنتوسیانین میباشد. فعالیت کاتالاز و پراکسیداز معادل 13/3 و 05/0 واحد در میلی گرم پروتئین بود. بر اساس روش DPPH فعالیت آنتی اکسیدانی عصاره کاسبرگ بسیار بالا میباشد. آزمون همبستگی بین پارامترهای مورد بررسی انجام شد. نتایج همبستگی وجود رابطه بین محتوای ترکیبات فنولی، فلاونوئیدها، آنتوسیانینها و ظرفیت انتی اکسیدانی کاسبرگ گیاه چای ترش را در سطح احتمال 5% تایید میکند. توصیههای کاربردی: عصاره کاسبرگ چای ترش غنی از ترکیبات آنتی اکسیدانی شامل ترکیبات فنولی، فلاونوئیدها و آنتوسیانین میباشد. براساس روش های سنجش ظرفت آنتی اکسیدانی، کاسبرگها فعالیت آنتی اکسیدانی قابل قبولی دارند. بنابراین، عصاره این گیاه بعنوان منبع طبیعی ترکیبات اکسیدان قابل استفاده در صنایع غذایی و داروی گیاهی معرفی میگردد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
176 - ترکیبات شیمیایی اسانس اندام هوایی گونه ای سالویا (Salvia spinosa L) جمع آوری شده از اصفهان
سعید صالحی احمد رضا گل پرور امین هادی پناهمقدمه و هدف: Salvia spinosa L. گیاه چند ساله و معطر از خانواده نعناعیان می باشد. این گونه در نواحی مختلف ایران به صورت خودرو رشد می کند. هدف از این تحقیق شناسایی ترکیبات شیمیایی Salvia spinosa L.در شرایط آب و هوایی اصفهان می باشد.روش تحقیق: اندام هوایی این گیاه از Moreمقدمه و هدف: Salvia spinosa L. گیاه چند ساله و معطر از خانواده نعناعیان می باشد. این گونه در نواحی مختلف ایران به صورت خودرو رشد می کند. هدف از این تحقیق شناسایی ترکیبات شیمیایی Salvia spinosa L.در شرایط آب و هوایی اصفهان می باشد.روش تحقیق: اندام هوایی این گیاه از منطقه اصفهان در بهار سال ١٣٩٣ جمع آوری شد. استخراج اسانس به روش تقطیر با آب و به کمک دستگاه اسانس گیری طرح کلونجر صورت گرفت. اسانس به وسیله دستگاه کروماتوگرافی گازی متصل به طیف سنج جرمی (GC/MS) مورد تجزیه و شناسایی قرار گرفت.نتایج و بحث: نتایج حاصل از این تحقیق نشان داد که ۲١ ترکیب در اسانس Salvia spinosa L. شناسایی شد. ترکیبات اصلی آن شامل: α-terpinolene (۷٣١/٣۲ %)، β-ocimene (٩١۵/٣٠ %)، β-patchoulene (۷۷٩/١۲ %)، β-bourbonene (۲۶٣/۴ %) و 1,8-cineol (۸۸٣/۲ %) بودند.توصیه کاربردی/ صنعتی: به طور کلی گزارشات اندکی در مورد ترکیبات شیمیایی این گیاه در ایران گزارش شده است. با توجه به خواص دارویی آن و فعالیت ضد میکروبی آن می توان از این گیاه در تحقیقات آینده استفاده کرد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
177 - اثر کم آبیاری بر ماده خشک، عملکرد کمی و کیفی اسانس آویشن باغی و آویشن دنایی
سید محمد علوی سامانی عبدالله قاسمی پیربلوطی مهرداد عطایی کچویی بهزاد حامدیBackground & Aim: Drought stress, as a main abiotic stress, has a significant influence on growth and metabolic activities of plant species. In this study, the influence of reduced irrigation on dry herbage, essential oil yield, and chemical components of two thyme MoreBackground & Aim: Drought stress, as a main abiotic stress, has a significant influence on growth and metabolic activities of plant species. In this study, the influence of reduced irrigation on dry herbage, essential oil yield, and chemical components of two thyme species were investigated. Experimental: This study was done in an experimental greenhouse, I.A.U., Shahrekord Branch, Iran at 2012 in a CRD with three replications. Three irrigation levels were I1 (irrigated in field capacity or control), I2 (slight drought stress or irrigation in 75% field capacity), and I3 (mild drought stress or irrigation in 50% field capacity). Two thyme species included Thymus daenensis and T. vulgaris. The essential oils obtained by hydro-distillation and were analyzed by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. Results & Discussion: Results indicated that irrigation levels had a significant effect on many morphological and physiological characteristics, including dry matter, plant height, and leaf area index (LAI). In addition, levels of irrigation affected on oil yield and some major constituents in the essential oils. Carvacrol, γ-terpinene, and p-cymene contents in the essential oils were significantly increased under stressed conditions, whereas thymol amount was significantly reduced under stressed conditions. Recommended applications/industries: According to the results of this study, drought stress reduces the essential oil yields and dry herbage in both species of thyme. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
178 - بهینه سازی استخراج ترکیبات آنتی اکسیدانی از پوسته بادام با روش سطح پاسخ
غلامرضا ایسپره فاطمه نجاتی مریم جعفریمقدمه وهدف: استخراج ترکیبات آنتی اکسیدان طبیعی اخیرا توجه محققان مختلف را به خود جلب کرده است. بادام از جمله محصولات بومی ایران است که سالیانه حجم زیادی از ضایعات در طی تولید و فرآوری آن حاصل می­شود. هدف از تحقیق حاضر، بررسی عوامل زمان و درصد حلال (اتانول) بر میزان Moreمقدمه وهدف: استخراج ترکیبات آنتی اکسیدان طبیعی اخیرا توجه محققان مختلف را به خود جلب کرده است. بادام از جمله محصولات بومی ایران است که سالیانه حجم زیادی از ضایعات در طی تولید و فرآوری آن حاصل می­شود. هدف از تحقیق حاضر، بررسی عوامل زمان و درصد حلال (اتانول) بر میزان استخراج ترکیبات فنولی و خواص آنتی اکسیدانی عصاره استخراج شده از پوست بادام با کمک روش اولتراسوند و بهینه سازی شرایط استخراج با استفاده از روش RSM است. روش تحقیق: پوسته سبز بادام به پودر تبدیل شد و به منظور استخراج به نسبت 1:20 با حلال (اتانول-آب) مخلوط و در دمای 35 درجه سانتیگراد تحت تاثیر امواج اولتراسوند برای مدت زمان کافی قرار داده شد. به منظور بهینه سازی فرایند دو فاکتور زمان (در سه سطح شامل 30، 45 و 60 دقیقه) و غلظت اتانول (در سه سطح شامل 0، 35 و 70%) در نرم افزار Design Expert وارد و درنهایت 13 آزمون برای استخراج عصاره طراحی شد. در ادامه غلظت ترکیبات فنولیک کل با روش فولین سیوکالتیو و فعالیت آنتی اکسیدانی باروش DPPHاندازه­گیری شد. نتایج وبحث: براساس نتایج حاصل از بهینه سازی، شرایط نقطه بهینه برای حداکثر استخراج ترکیبات آنتی اکسیدانی، شامل 74/35دقیقه زمان استخراج و استفاده از حلا لی حاوی 69/43درصد اتانول پیش بینی شد. تحت این شرایط بهینه، حداکثر فعالیت آنتی اکسیدانی19/47 درصد و غلظت ترکیبات فنولیک کل 917/ (mg/ml) بدست آمد. مقایسه نتایج پیش بینی شده توسط نرم افزار و مقادیر تجربی نشان داد که مدل از دقت کافی برای پیش بینی نقطه بهینه برخوردار است. توصیه کاربردی/صنعتی: این پژوهش نشان داد که پوسته سبز بادام می­تواند بعنوان یک منبع ارزان و قابل دسترس برای استخراج ترکیبات با فعالیت آنتی­اکسیدانی مورد استفاده قرار گیرد. همچنین، این تحقیق نشان داد اولتراسوند روش مناسبی در تسریع استخراج ترکیبات آنتی­اکسیدانی می باشد. Manuscript profile -
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179 - اندازه گیری میزان ترکیبات فنولیک در کیک اسفنجی حاوی برگ گیاه بادرنجبویه
ندا سادات نوری زاده محمد حجت الاسلامی جواد کرامتمقدمه و هدف:امروزه اکثر مصرف­کنندگان مصرف غذاهای سالم تر را ترجیح می دهند. به این منظور صنعت و محققان به دنبال بهبود کیفیت، طعم، و تنوع محصولات می باشند. گیاهان دارویی و ادویه ها غنی از ترکیبات فنولیک می باشند و توجه صنعت غذا را به خود جلب کرده اند. زیرا می تو Moreمقدمه و هدف:امروزه اکثر مصرف­کنندگان مصرف غذاهای سالم تر را ترجیح می دهند. به این منظور صنعت و محققان به دنبال بهبود کیفیت، طعم، و تنوع محصولات می باشند. گیاهان دارویی و ادویه ها غنی از ترکیبات فنولیک می باشند و توجه صنعت غذا را به خود جلب کرده اند. زیرا می توانند کیفیت و ارزش تغذیه­ای غذا را بهبود بخشند. بادرنجبویه نوعی گیاه دارویی آروماتیک بادوام است که حاوی ترکیبات فنولیک فراوان می باشد. از آن جا که بیشتر ماده موثره بادرنجبویه در برگ­های آن است بهتر است که فقط برگ های آن مورد استفاده قرار گیرند تا میزان ماده موثره حاصله بیشتر باشد. در این تحقیق به بررسی اثر جایگزینی آرد با پودر برگ گیاه بادرنجبویه بر خواص کیک اسفنجی پرداخته شد.روش تحقیق:نمونه های کیک حاوی غلظت­های مختلف گیاه ( 5/2، 5، 5/7 و 10درصد) به همراه نمونه شاهد مطابق با استاندارد تهیه کیک اسفنجی تولید گردید. سپس میزان ترکیبات فنولیک به­وسیله دستگاه HPLC مورد ارزیابی قرارگرفت. نتایج و بحث: نتایج نشان داد که افزودن گیاه تا سطح 5/7 درصد از نظر مصرف­کننده قابل­پذیرش است و این نوع کیک به عنوان محصولی با میزان ترکیبات فنولیک بیشتر قابل توصیه می باشد. توصیه کاربردی/صنعتی: در نهایت می توان توصیه کرد که جهت افزایش خواص سلامتی کیک، می­توان از گیاه بادرنجبویه تا سطح 5/7 درصد استفاده کرد. Manuscript profile -
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180 - شناسایی ترکیبات شیمیایی میوه گونه Rhus coriaria L از همدان
حمیدرضا اردلانی مریم حسن پور مقدم امین هادی پناه فرنوش فتوت علی عزیزی جلال سلطانی -
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181 - اثر ضد باکتریایی، میزان ترکیبات فنولی، فلاونوئیدی و عملکرد آنتی اکسیدانی عصاره الکلی موسیر وحشی (Allium hirtifolium Boiss)
الهه آل ابراهیم دهکردی عبدالله قاسمی پیربلوطی محمود رفیعیان کوپاییمقدمه و هدف: موسیر گیاهی متعلق به جنس آلیوم و خانواده آلیاسه می باشد. این گیاه بومی کشور ایران است که به صورت خودرو در نواحی مرتفع و نقاط کوهستانی می روید. با توجه به رویکرد مجدد برای مصرف داروها و فراورده های گیاهی ، استفاده از گیاهان دارویی از اهمیت خاصی در درمان و پی Moreمقدمه و هدف: موسیر گیاهی متعلق به جنس آلیوم و خانواده آلیاسه می باشد. این گیاه بومی کشور ایران است که به صورت خودرو در نواحی مرتفع و نقاط کوهستانی می روید. با توجه به رویکرد مجدد برای مصرف داروها و فراورده های گیاهی ، استفاده از گیاهان دارویی از اهمیت خاصی در درمان و پیشگیری از بیماری ها برخوردار می باشد. این مطالعه با هدف تعیین خواص فیتوشیمیایی و اثرات ضد باکتریایی این گیاه انجام پذیرفت. روش تحقیق: در این مطالعه،عصاره گیاهان به روش ماسراسیون تهیه و میزان ترکیبات فنولی و فلاونوئیدی با روش فولین سیکالچو و کلریدآلومینیوم تعیین گردید.برای تعیین خاصیت آنتی اکسیدانی از روش DPPH و جهت بررسی اثر ضد باکتریایی از روش براث ماکرودایلوشن استفاده شد. تجزیه و تحلیل داده ها با استفاده از نرم افزار SPSS و رسم نمودارها با نرم افزار Excel صورت گرفت. نتایج و بحث: یافته های این مطالعه نشان داد که بیشترین مقدار ترکیبات فنلی، فلاونولی و فلاونوئیدی در هرگرم عصاره ی خشک به ترتیب با مقدار 5/135، 59/9 و 77/0میلی گرم مربوط به برگ موسیر می باشد. همچنین نتایج اثر ضد میکروبی این تحقیق نشان داد که عصاره ی برگ و پیاز موسیر بر باکتری های استافیلوکوکوس اورئوس و اسنیتو باکتر بومانی اثر مهارکنندگی و کشندگی قابل قبولی دارند.کمترین غلظت کشندگی بر باکتری استافیلوکوکوس اورئوس در غلظت 64 میکروگرم بر میلی لیتر در عصاره ی الکلی برگ و پیاز موسیر مشاهده شد . همچنین بهترین اثرمهارکنندگی مربوط به عصاره ی برگ موسیر در غلظت 128 میکروگرم Manuscript profile -
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182 - شناسایی ترکیبات شیمیایی و فعالیت ضد باکتری اسانس دو گونه آویشن
امین هادی پناه مجتبی خرمیمقدمه و هدف :استافیلوکوکوس اورئوس (Staphylococcus aureus) ازجمله باکتریهای بیماریزا و از عوامل مهم عفونتهای بیمارستانی درجوامع انسانی می باشد. این باکتری نسبت به داروهای شیمیایی به سرعت درحال مقاوم شدن می باشد و در بسیاری از کشورها تلاش زیادی جهت یافتن ترکیبهای جدید به Moreمقدمه و هدف :استافیلوکوکوس اورئوس (Staphylococcus aureus) ازجمله باکتریهای بیماریزا و از عوامل مهم عفونتهای بیمارستانی درجوامع انسانی می باشد. این باکتری نسبت به داروهای شیمیایی به سرعت درحال مقاوم شدن می باشد و در بسیاری از کشورها تلاش زیادی جهت یافتن ترکیبهای جدید به عنوان جایگزین مناسب این آنتی بیوتیکها انجام می شود. هدف از این تحقیق شناسایی ترکیبات شیمیایی و فعالیت ضد باکتری اسانس 2 گونه آویشن (Thymus vulgaris L.) و (Thymus daenensis Celak)کشت شده در شرایط آب و هوایی استان فارس بود. روش تحقیق: قسمتهای هوایی آویشن باغی و آویشن دنایی در مرحله آغاز گلدهی در منطقه استهبان (استان فارس) در جنوب ایران، در سال 1393 جمع آوری شد. استخراج اسانس به روش تقطیر با آب و به کمک دستگاه اسانس گیری طرح کلونجر صورت گرفت و میزان اسانس به وسیله دستگاه کروماتوگرافی گازی متصل به طیف سنج جرمی (GC/MS) مورد تجزیه و شناسایی قرار گرفت. اسانس استافیلوکوکوساورئوس با سطوح مختلف آنتی بیوتیک وانکومایسین، متیسیلین و اکساسیلین مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. نتایج و بحث:نتایج بدست آمده از این تحقیق نشان داد که به ترتیب 28 و26 ترکیب در اسانس آویشن باغی و آویشن دنایی شناسایی شدند. ترکیبات اصلی اسانس آویشن باغی شامل تیمول (14/63%)، پارا-سیمین (45/9%)، گاما-ترپینن (67/8%) و کارواکرول (14/3%) حاصل شد. ترکیبات اصلی اسانس آویشن دنایی شامل تیمول (2/71%)، گاما-ترپینن (81/8%)، پارا-سیمین (8/3%) و کارواکرول (4/2%) بدست آمد. نتایج حاکی ازآن بود که MIC و MBC اسانس آویشن باغی و آویشن دنایی به ترتیب تاثیر بازدارندگی رشد 1/0 تا 5/0 میکرولیتردر یک میلی لیتر بر باکتری استافیلوکوکوس اورئوس دارند. توصیه کاربردی/صنعتی: اسانس آویشن دنایی به طور محسوسی ویژگی ضدباکتری بارزتری نسبت به اسانس آویشن باغی از خود نشان داد. Manuscript profile -
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183 - فعالیت ضد باکتری، ضد قارچی و ترکیبات شیمیایی اسانس مرزه تابستانی و مرزه خوزستانی
احمدرضا گلپرور محمد مهدی قیصری امین هادی پناه مجتبی خرمیمقدمه و هدف: هدف از این مطالعه بررسی فعالیت ضد باکتری، ضد قارچی و ترکیبات شیمیایی اسانس مرزه تابستانی (Satureja hortensis L.) و مرزه خوزستانی (Saturejakhuzestanica Jamzad) بوده است. روش تحقیق: فعالیت ضد باکتری و ضد قارچی اسانس بر ضد Staphylococcus aureus  Moreمقدمه و هدف: هدف از این مطالعه بررسی فعالیت ضد باکتری، ضد قارچی و ترکیبات شیمیایی اسانس مرزه تابستانی (Satureja hortensis L.) و مرزه خوزستانی (Saturejakhuzestanica Jamzad) بوده است. روش تحقیق: فعالیت ضد باکتری و ضد قارچی اسانس بر ضد Staphylococcus aureus و Candida albicans به ترتیبآزمایش شد. اسانس قسمتهای هوایی مرزه تابستانی و مرزه خوزستانی به وسیله دستگاه کروماتوگرافی گازی متصل به طیف سنج جرمی (GC/MS) مورد تجزیه و شناسایی قرار گرفت. نتایج و بحث: نتایج بدست آمده از این تحقیق نشان داد که 22 و 21 ترکیب در اسانس مرزه تابستانی و مرزه خوزستانی به ترتیب شناسایی شد. ترکیبات اصلی اسانس مرزه تابستانی شامل کارواکرول (56/36 درصد)، گاما ترپینن (24/75 درصد) و پ-سیمن (5/81 درصد) بوده و ترکیبات اصلی اسانس مرزه خوزستانی شامل کارواکرول (62/69 درصد)، گاما ترپینن (9/25 درصد) و پ-سیمن (8/36 درصد) شناسایی شد. نتایج بدست آمده از فعالیت ضد باکتری و ضد قارچی نشان داد که اسانس هر دو گیاه خاصیت ضد میکروبی دارد. MIC و MBC اسانس گیاه مرزه تابستانی و مرزه خوزستانی بر ضد S. aureus به ترتیب 1 /0 و 0/5 μl/ml و برایC. albicans 0/1 و 0/2 μl/ml تعیین شد. توصیه کاربردی/صنعتی: در مجموع ترکیبات اسانس گیاه مرزه خوزستانی می­تواند خاصیت ضد میکروبی بیشتری در مقایسه با مرزه خوزستانی داشته باشد و برای این منظور مورد استفاده قرار گیرد. Manuscript profile -
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184 - القاء شیردهی در گاوهای هلشتاین با استفاده از تزریق پروژسترون یا درج واژنی پروژسترون
F. Rivera-Acuna E. Prado-Martinez P. Luna-Nevarez M.G. Mendez-Castillo L. Avendano-Reyes J.F. Hernandez-Chavez J.L. Espinoza-Villavicencio J. Hernandez-Ceron A. Correa-Calderonهدف از این مطالعه بررسی اثر جایگزینی تزریق پروژسترون توسط پروژسترون واژینال در پارامترهای تولیدی و تولید مثلی گاوهای با مشکلات باروری پس از دورههای طولانی مدت از تنش گرمایی بود. پانزده گاو هلشتاین به طور تصادفی به یکی از سه گروه تیماری اختصاص داده شدند: 1) تحت درمان با Moreهدف از این مطالعه بررسی اثر جایگزینی تزریق پروژسترون توسط پروژسترون واژینال در پارامترهای تولیدی و تولید مثلی گاوهای با مشکلات باروری پس از دورههای طولانی مدت از تنش گرمایی بود. پانزده گاو هلشتاین به طور تصادفی به یکی از سه گروه تیماری اختصاص داده شدند: 1) تحت درمان با دو درج واژنی پروژسترون (P4-INS)، 2) تحت درمان با پروژسترون و استرادیول از طریق تزریق (P4-INJ) و 3) کنترل، گاو با آبستنی و زایمان معمول. همه گاوها با دستورالعمل زمانی تلقیح مصنوعیPresynch-Co-Synch تیمار شدند و پس از آن در 71 روز شیردهی تلقیح شدند. غلظت P4 در (P4-INS) و (P4-INJ) گاو در طول 7 روز اول القاء شیردهی مشابه بود (05/0P>) و پس از آن به صورت خطی در هر دو گروه افزایش یافت. تولید تصحیح شده شیر، تولید شیر کل، و میانگین تولید شیر روزانه در گاوهای تیمار شده مشابه بود (05/0P>)، اما گاوهای گروه (P4-INJ) تولید شیر کمتری (05/0P<) از گاوهای کنترل داشتند. روزهای شیردهی و اوج عملکرد در میان تمام گروه ها مشابه بود (05/0P>). درصد چربی شیر و پروتئین، و نیز روزهای اوج تولید شیر در هر دو گروه تحت تیمار نسبت به گروه کنترل بالاتر بود (05/0P<). نمره وضعیت بدن، خدمات در آبستنی، آبستنی در اولین سرویس، آبستنی کل، روزهای باز و نرخ حذف در پایان شیردهی در میان گروهها مشابه بود (05/0P>) تجویز پروژسترون توسط تزریق یا با درج واژنی منجر به پارامترهای مشابه تولیدی و تولید مثلی گاو شیری با القاء شیردهی شد. Manuscript profile -
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185 - ماده خشک مصرفی، تولید شیر و ترکیب اسیدهای چرب شیر گاوهای شیری تغذیه شده با جیره غذایی حاوی پنبه دانه و جایگزین آن با دانه گلرنگ خام و مایکروویو شده
ح. پایا ا. تقی زادهتحقیق حاضر جهت بررسی تأثیر افزودن دانه گلرنگ خام و مایکروویو شده بر میزان ماده خشک مصرفی، تولید و ترکیبات شیر، ترکیب اسیدهای چرب شیر، پارمترهای خونی و قابلیت هضم ظاهری در گاوهای تازهزا انجام شد. 9 رأس گاو شیری تازهزا و چند شکم زایش به ­صورت تصادفی یکی از سه جیره آ Moreتحقیق حاضر جهت بررسی تأثیر افزودن دانه گلرنگ خام و مایکروویو شده بر میزان ماده خشک مصرفی، تولید و ترکیبات شیر، ترکیب اسیدهای چرب شیر، پارمترهای خونی و قابلیت هضم ظاهری در گاوهای تازهزا انجام شد. 9 رأس گاو شیری تازهزا و چند شکم زایش به ­صورت تصادفی یکی از سه جیره آزمایشی را در قالب طرح مربع لاتین 3 × 3 دریافت کردند. جیره­های آزمایشی شامل جیره حاوی پنبه دانه (جیره شاهد)، جیره حاوی دانه گلرنگ خام به میزان 40 گرم در کیوگرم ماده خشک جیره (جایگزین شده با پنبه دانه) و جیره حاوی دانه گلرنگ مایکروویو شده به میزان 40 گرم در کیوگرم ماده خشک جیره (جایگزین شده با پنبه دانه) بود. نتایج حاصل نشانگر عدم تأثیر معنی­دار اضافه کردن دانه گلرنگ خام و مایکروویو شده بر تولید، چربی، پروتئین و لاکتوز شیر بود. افزودن دانه گلرنگ خام و مایکروویو شده میزان اسیدهای چرب بلند زنجیر، اسید چرب 18 کربنه با یک پیوند دوگانه ترانس، اسیدهای چرب 18 کربنه با دو پیوند دوگانه و اسیدهای چرب با چندین پیوند دوگانه را افزایش و میزان اسید چرب 16 کربنه را کاهش داد (0.05>P). میزان اسید چرب لینولئیک کونژوگه سیس 9– ترانس 11 شیر تولیدی در اثر تغذیه دانه گلرنگ مایکروویو شده تمایل به افزایش نشان داد. در کل نتایج نشان دادند که مصرف دانه گلرنگ خام و مایکروویو شده تأثیر منفی بر راندمان تولید شیر نداشته و در مقابل توانسته کیفیت شیر تولیدی را با افزایش اسیدهای چرب غیر اشباع بهبود بخشد. Manuscript profile -
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186 - تعیین ترکیبات شیمیایی و قابلیت هضم برون تنی و درون تنی ضایعات چای در گوسفند
م. زاهدی فر ح. فضائلی ا.ر. صفایی س.م. علویفراوری چای شامل چند مرحله است که در سه مرحله شامل، خشک کردن، فایبرمات و غربال ضایعاتی بر جای می­ماند. در این تحقیق بیست و پنج درصد از کل کارخانجات چای خشک­کنی انتخاب شدند. تعداد سه نمونه جداگانه از هر کارخانه تهیه شده و مورد تجزیه شیمیایی و تعیین قابلیت هض Moreفراوری چای شامل چند مرحله است که در سه مرحله شامل، خشک کردن، فایبرمات و غربال ضایعاتی بر جای می­ماند. در این تحقیق بیست و پنج درصد از کل کارخانجات چای خشک­کنی انتخاب شدند. تعداد سه نمونه جداگانه از هر کارخانه تهیه شده و مورد تجزیه شیمیایی و تعیین قابلیت هضم برون­تنی و درون­تنی و مصرف اختیاری قرار گرفتند. نتایج نشان داد که پروتئین خام ضایعات چای در مراحل خشک کردن، فایبرمات و غربال به ترتیب 198، 193 و 194 گرم در کیلوگرم بود و اختلاف بین آنها معنی­دار نبود. تراکم خاکستر خام در سه مرحله خشک کردن، فایبرمات و غربال به ترتیب 64.0، 62.0 و 56.0 گرم در کیلوگرم بود که خاکستر در نمونه غربال به طور معنی­داری کمتر بود (0.05>P). مقادیر پتاسیم، کلسیم، فسفر، منیزیم و سدیم برای ضایعات چای در سه مرحله ذکر شده به ترتیب 16.2، 4.2، 2.5، 2.2 و 0.73 گرم در کیلوگرم بود که اختلاف بین آنها معنی­دار نبود. میانگین ضریب قابلیت هضم برون­تنی برای DM، OM، OM/DM و GE برای ضایعات چای سه مرحله خشک کردن، فایبرمات و غربال به ترتیب 0.48، 0.44، 0.42 و 0.42 بود. نتایج آزمایشات قابلیت هضم درون­تنی نشان­دهنده روند کاهشی در ضرایب قابلیت هضم DM، OM، OM/DM و GE با افزایش سطوح ضایعات چای در جیره بود و کاهش در ضرایب قابلیت هضم برای CP و NDF معنی­دار (0.05>P) بود. میانگین انرژی قابل هضم ضایعات چای 0.10 مگاژول در کیلوگرم بود و از این جهت بین سه نمونه ضایعات چای اختلاف معنی­داری وجود نداشت. سطح 0.80 گرم در کیلوگرم ضایعات چای در جیره مصرف اختیاری خوراک را به طور معنی­داری (0.05>P) کاهش داد. ضایعات چای می­تواند بخشی از جیره دام­های نشخوار­کننده را شامل شود ولی سطح آن به واسطه وجود مواد بازدارنده باید محدود گردد. Manuscript profile -
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187 - تأثیر روش شیردوشی با اکسی توسین بر عملکرد شیردهی و طول دوره شیردهی گوسفند
M. Nezamidoust S. Razzaghzadeh E. Ezati R. Ghorbaniبرآورد میزان بازده شیر با استفاده از یک روش دقیق جهت سنجش نیازهای تغذیهای، ارزیابی پتانسیل ژنتیکی، رشد و زنده مانی بره، تصمیمگیریهای مدیریتی و بهبود صفات عملکردی گله گوسفند ضروری است. تزریق اکسی توسین جهت تخمین میزان ترشح شیر در گوسفند استفاده میشود. اکسی توسن یک هو Moreبرآورد میزان بازده شیر با استفاده از یک روش دقیق جهت سنجش نیازهای تغذیهای، ارزیابی پتانسیل ژنتیکی، رشد و زنده مانی بره، تصمیمگیریهای مدیریتی و بهبود صفات عملکردی گله گوسفند ضروری است. تزریق اکسی توسین جهت تخمین میزان ترشح شیر در گوسفند استفاده میشود. اکسی توسن یک هورمون عصبی که در سیستم هیپوتالاموس-هیپوفیز پسین تولید شده و در پاسخ به تحریک نوک پستان به داخل خون آزاد میشود. اکسی توسین دارای اثر گالاکتوپوئتیک و با تأثیر بر فرایند خروج شیر از طریق فعالیت ترشحی و انقباض سلولهای مایواپتلیال نقش مهمی در شیردهی بازی میکند. جهت بررسی اثر تزریق اکسی توسین بر بازده شیرده، ترکیبات شیر و طول دوره شیردهی میشها در کل طول دوره شیردهی، یکصد رأس گوسفند نژاد ماکوئی با زایش و پرورش یک بره به دو تیمار، گروه 1 (شیردوشی و تخلیه کامل پستان با دست بعد از تزریق عضلانی 5/2 واحد بین المللی اکسی توسین) گروه 2 (شیردوشی و تخلیه کامل پستان با دست) اختصاص یافتند. دادهها از روز چهاردم بعد از زایش با فاصله دو هفتهای در میان رکورد برداری شدند. گرو دریافت کننده اکسی توسین به طور معنیداری میانگین شیر تولیدی روزانه (3/562 درمقابل 4/301 گرم) و مقدار کل شیر (6/93 درمقابل 5/38 کیلوگرم) بیشتری در مقایسه با گروه شاهد تولید کردند (05/0>P). طول دوره شیردهی به ترتیب 7/145 روز برای گروه اکسی توسین و 2/115 روز برای گروه شاهد بود (038/0=P). تزریق اکسی توسین بازده پیک شیر و تداوم شیردهی میشها را افزایش داد (05/0>P). در حالیکه زمان پیک کوتاهتر (1/34 درمقابل 2/39) برای گروه اکسی توسین مشاهده شد (043/0=P). استفاده از اکسی توسین درصد چربی شیر (73/6 درمقابل 86/5) را در مقایسه با میشهای گروه شاهد افزایش داد (029/0=P). اما با تزریق اکسی توسین هیچ تفاوتی در درصد پروتئین و لاکتوز شیر مشاهده نشد (05/0>P). روند صعودی ممانعت ازخروج شیر سرتاسر دوره شیردهی به دنبال دوره منحصراً شیرخواری و سپس شیردوشی با دست، نیاز به اکسی توسین را جهت نگهداری سلولهای پستان و تداوم شیردهی در میشها مستلزم مینماید و تأیید میکند که اکسی توسین با غلبه بر مکانیسمهای پس خور منفی حاصل از شیر در اطراف آلوئل و با افزایش انتقال وزیکولهای ترشحی داخل سلولی و انقباض سلولهای مایواپتلیال، مقدار تولید شیر و طول دوره شیردهی میشها را افزایش میدهد که یک تکنیک مفید جهت تضمین خروج شیر آلوئلی و تخلیه نرمال شیر از محفظه سیسترن میباشد. Manuscript profile -
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188 - تأثیر نمره شرایط بدنی بر تولید و ترکیب شیر در گاوهای شیری آمیخته
م.ای. حسین تی. چندا جی.کا. دبناث م.م. حسن آ.اچ. شایکات م.آ. هکواین مطالعه بر روی 120 گاو شیری آمیخته هلشتاین فریزین در طی یک دوره 150 روزه در میانه دوره شیردهی صورت گرفت و هدف از اجرای آن کمی­سازی تأثیر نمره شرایط بدنی (BCS) بر تولید و ترکیب شیر بود. از 12 مزرعه پرورش گاو شیری با شرایط پرورشی یکسان استفاده شد. در هر یک از این د Moreاین مطالعه بر روی 120 گاو شیری آمیخته هلشتاین فریزین در طی یک دوره 150 روزه در میانه دوره شیردهی صورت گرفت و هدف از اجرای آن کمی­سازی تأثیر نمره شرایط بدنی (BCS) بر تولید و ترکیب شیر بود. از 12 مزرعه پرورش گاو شیری با شرایط پرورشی یکسان استفاده شد. در هر یک از این دو مزرعه حداقل 20 گاو شیری آمیخته که در میانه دوره شیردهی بودند، در این مطالعه استفاده شد. تأثیر نمره شرایط بدنی انفرادی گاوها در مقیاس 1 تا 5 رکورد برداری گردید. از هر گاو به صورت انفرادی نمونه شیر گرفته شد. نمونه­های جمع­آوری شده از گاوهای با BCS مشابه با یکدیگر مخلوط شدند تا نمونه مرکب به دست آید. آنالیزهای شیمیایی نمونه­ها برای چربی، پروتئین، لاکتوز، خاکستر، ماده خشک کُل (TS) و ماده خشک غیر چربی (SNF) سه بار صورت گرفت. نتایج نشان داد که BCS تأثیر معنی ­داری بر تولید شیر، چربی شیر و خاکستر شیر در گاوهای شیری آمیخته هلشتاین فریزین دارد (05/0>P). بالاترین تولید شیر (80/1±45/13) در تأثیر نمره شرایط بدنیهای متوسط (0/3) رکورد برداری شده و پس از آن مقادیر کمتر (75/2 تا 25/2) و بیشتر (25/3 تا 00/4) قرار می­گرفتند. افزایش پروتئین، لاکتوز، TS، SNF و گرانروی مخصوص (SG) همگام با با افزایش BCS تا 4 معنی ­داری نبوده است (05/0<P). ماتریس ضرایب همبستگی نشان داد که BCS با تولید شیر همبستگی منفی دارد. ولی همبستگی بین BCS و پروتئین، لاکتوز، TS، SNF و SG شیر مثبت بوده ولی شدت این رابطه متغیر بوده است. Manuscript profile -
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189 - ترکیب شیمیایی، پروفیل اسیدهای چرب و ارزش زیستی تانن در هستههای خرمای منتخب در ایران
آ. رضایینیا ع.ع. ناصریان ا. مختارپوراین مطالعه به منظور بررسی ترکیب شیمیایی و پروفایل اسیدهای چرب هسته­های شش واریته غالب خرما پرورش یافته در ایران شامل برهی، استعمران، مضافتی، خاصی، خرک و زاهدی و اثرات زیستی تانن آنها به صورت تولید گاز در شرایط برون تنی انجام گرفت. قابلیت هضم ماده آلی (OMD)، انرژی قا Moreاین مطالعه به منظور بررسی ترکیب شیمیایی و پروفایل اسیدهای چرب هسته­های شش واریته غالب خرما پرورش یافته در ایران شامل برهی، استعمران، مضافتی، خاصی، خرک و زاهدی و اثرات زیستی تانن آنها به صورت تولید گاز در شرایط برون تنی انجام گرفت. قابلیت هضم ماده آلی (OMD)، انرژی قابل متابولیسم (ME) و غلظت اسیدهای چرب کوتاه زنجیر (SCFA) پس از 24 ساعت کشت با و بدون استفاده از پلی اتیلن گلیکول (PEG) تخمین زده شدند. نتایج نشان داد که تمام واریته­های هسته خرما حاوی مقادیر بالای فیبر نامحلول در شوینده خنثی (NDF)، عصاره اتری و کل ترکیبات فنولی بودند که دامنه تغییر آنها به ترتیب برابر با 689 تا 782، 82 تا 118 و 41 تا 110 گرم در کیلوگرم ماده خشک بود. ولی، دارای سطوح پایین پروتئین خام (50 تا 69 گرم در کیلوگرم ماده خشک) و خاکستر (10 تا 26 گرم در کیلوگرم ماده خشک) بودند. کروماتوگرافی گازی نشان داد که اسید چرب غیر اشباع اصلی اسید اولئیک (13/40 تا 35/46 گرم در 100 گرم اسید چرب) بود، درحالی که اسید چرب اشباع اصلی اسید لوریک (96/20 تا 25/26 گرم در 100 گرم اسید چرب) بود. بجز استعمران، همه واریته­ها دارای OMD (کمتر از 334 گرم در کیلوگرم ماده خشک) و ME (کمتر از 1/4 مگاژول در کیلوگرم ماده خشک) پایین بودند. استفاده از PEG حجم گاز تولیدی، OMD، ME و SCFA را افزایش داد (05/0P<) که نشان دهنده اثر ممانعت کنندگی تانن­های هسته خرما بر تخمیر میکروبی است. کل تانن با ارزش تغذیه­ای (OMD و ME) هسته­های خرما همبستگی منفی داشت. می­توان نتیجه­گیری کرد که با وجود قابلیت هضم و انرژی قابل متابولیسم پایین، هسته خرما بدلیل وجود مقادیر زیاد کربوهیدرات­ ساختمانی و عصاره اتری ممکن است به عنوان منبع دیگری از خوراک تلقی گردد. Manuscript profile -
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190 - تأثیر گیاهان دارویی به عنوان افزودنی غذایی در تغذیه نشخوارکنندگان
M. Tajodini P. Moghbeli H.R. Saeedi M. Effatiاز آنجایی که استفاده از آنتیبیوتیکها در تغذیه حیوانات مدتها است که ممنوع شده است، تحقیقات گستردهای برای یافتن جایگزین مناسب که میزان تخمیر را در نشخوارکنندگان تعدیل کند، انجام شده است. ترکیبات طبیعی از جمله گیاهان دارویی و عصارههای گیاهی به عنوان ترکیبات جایگزین ای Moreاز آنجایی که استفاده از آنتیبیوتیکها در تغذیه حیوانات مدتها است که ممنوع شده است، تحقیقات گستردهای برای یافتن جایگزین مناسب که میزان تخمیر را در نشخوارکنندگان تعدیل کند، انجام شده است. ترکیبات طبیعی از جمله گیاهان دارویی و عصارههای گیاهی به عنوان ترکیبات جایگزین ایمن و پایدار مورد توجه خاص قرار گرفتند. عصارههای گیاهی، به ویژه اسیدهای چرب فرار و ساپونین اثرات ضد میکروبی، ضد انگلی و ضد التهابی قوی دارند. این ترکیبات طبیعی میزان تخمیر در شکمبه نشخوارکنندگان را به منظور بهبود استفاده مواد غذایی تعدیل مینمایند. لذا هدف از این مقاله، مروری بر استفاده از گیاهان دارویی به عنوان افزودنی غذایی در تغذیه نشخوارکنندگان میباشد. Manuscript profile -
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191 - اثر پرتوتابی گاما، الکترون و مادون قرمز بر ارزش غذایی و عوامل ضد تغذیهای دانه سورگوم
M. Rousta A.A. Sadeghi P. Shawrang M. Aimn Afshar M. Chamaniمطالعه حاضر اثرات پرتوتابی بر کیفیت غذایی و عوامل ضد تغذیهای دانه سورگوم را مورد بررسی قرار میدهد. اثر پرتوتابی الکترون و گاما در سطوح 10، 20 و 30 کیلوگری و همچنین پرتوتابی مادون قرمز در مدت زمان 60، 90 و 120 ثانیه بر ترکیبات شیمیایی، میزان و قابلیت دسترسی مواد معدنی، Moreمطالعه حاضر اثرات پرتوتابی بر کیفیت غذایی و عوامل ضد تغذیهای دانه سورگوم را مورد بررسی قرار میدهد. اثر پرتوتابی الکترون و گاما در سطوح 10، 20 و 30 کیلوگری و همچنین پرتوتابی مادون قرمز در مدت زمان 60، 90 و 120 ثانیه بر ترکیبات شیمیایی، میزان و قابلیت دسترسی مواد معدنی، قابلیت هضم آزمایشگاهی نشاسته و پروتئین، مقدار کل ترکیبات فنولی، فیتات و تانن دانه سورگوم بررسی شد. نتایج این پژوهش نشان داد که ترکیبات شیمیایی دانه سورگوم تحت تأثیر پرتوتابی تغییری نخواهد کرد (05/0P>). پرتوتابی گاما، الکترون و مادون قرمز موجب افزایش قابلیت هضم نشاسته به ترتیب به میزان 8/3، 4/5 و 8/6 درصد شد. پرتوتابی مادون قرمز موجب کاهش قابلیت هضم پروتئین به میزان 23 درصد شد، در حالیکه پرتوتابی گاما و الکترون موجب افزایش قابلیت هضم پروتئین خام دانه سورگوم به ترتیب به میزان 6/6 و 5 درصد شد (05/0P>). میزان اسید فایتیک و تانن به طور معنیداری به وسیله پرتوتابی کاهش یافت در حالیکه میزان کل ترکیبات فنولی در مقایسه با نمونه شاهد افزایش پیدا کرد. نتایج نشان داد که میزان و قابلیت دسترسی مواد معدنی دانه سورگوم تغییر معنیداری نکرد به استثناء افزایش معنیدار در قابلیت استخراج کلسیم، فسفر، روی و آهن. Manuscript profile -
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192 - ارزیابی شاخص های خونی و ایمنی هومورال مرغ های تخمگذار تجاری تغذیه شده با جیره های حاوی کنجاله پنبه دانه و بنتونیت سدیم
A. Gilani ح. کرمانشاهی ا. گلیان ع. طهماسبی م. اعمی ازغدیهدف این تحقیق ارزیابی اثرات کنجاله پنبه­دانه عمل­آوری شده با بنتونیت سدیم بر برخی ترکیبات خونی و پاسخ ایمنی مرغ­های تخمگذار تجاری بود. این پژوهش بهصورت ترتیب فاکتوریل 3 × 3 در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با سه سطح 0، 1 و 2 درصد بنتونیت سدیم و سه سطح 0، 10 Moreهدف این تحقیق ارزیابی اثرات کنجاله پنبه­دانه عمل­آوری شده با بنتونیت سدیم بر برخی ترکیبات خونی و پاسخ ایمنی مرغ­های تخمگذار تجاری بود. این پژوهش بهصورت ترتیب فاکتوریل 3 × 3 در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با سه سطح 0، 1 و 2 درصد بنتونیت سدیم و سه سطح 0، 10 و 20 درصد کنجاله پنبه­دانه در جیره انجام شد. این آزمایش با 9 تیمار و 4 تکرار 8 قطعه­ای مرغ تخمگذار هایلاین واریته 36W- از سن51 تا 63 هفتگی اجرا شد. نمونه­های خونی برای آنالیز سلول­ها و ترکیبات در انتهای دوره از سیاهرگ بال به­دست آمدند. بنتونیت سدیم، کنجاله پنبه­دانه و اثر متقابل آنها تاثیر منفی بر سلول­ها و ترکیبات خونی نداشتند. گلبول قرمز گوسفند بهعنوان آنتی­ژن برای سنجش پاسخ ایمنی استفاده شد که به دو پرنده از هر تکرار در 60 هفتگی تزریق شد. نمونه­های خونی 7 و 14 روز پس از تزریق گلبول­های قرمز گوسفند از هر مرغ گرفته شده و تیتر anti-SRBC،IgG وIgM تعیین شدند. هیچ اثر معنی­داری از بنتونیت سدیم، کنجاله پنبه­دانه و اثر متقابل آنها بر کل پادتن تولیدی بر ضد گلبول­های قرمز گوسفند مشاهده نشد، اما IgG با استفاده از میزان20 درصد کنجاله پنبه­دانه در جیره در روز 7 پس از تزریق و با 2 درصد بنتونیت سدیم در 14 روز پس از تزریق به طور معنی­داری افزایش یافت. میزان IgG در مورد اثرات متقابل نیز در تیمار حاوی 2 درصد بنتونیت سدیم و 20 درصد کنجاله پنبه­دانه در مقایسه با تیمار شاهد 14 روز پس از تزریق به طور معنی­داری افزایش یافت. در نتیجه، ترکیبات خونی به­طور معنی­داری تحت تأثیر جیره­های آزمایشی قرار نگرفتند، اما پاسخ ایمنی تغییر کرد. Manuscript profile -
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193 - اثر پوشش خاک بر عملکرد و برخی صفات فیزیولوژیک همیشه بهار (Calendula officinalis L.) تحت محلول پاشی برگی متانول
لامیا وجودی محمدباقر حسن پور اقدم رعنا ولی زاده کامران اصغر ابراهیم زادهبه منظور بررسی تاثیر محلول­پاشی با متانول (0، 10، 20 و30 درصد) و خاکپوش (شاهد، خاکپوش سفید و سیاه) بر عملکرد و برخی خصوصیات فیزیولوژیک گل همیشه بهار آزمایشی به صورت طرح فاکتوریل بر پایه طرح بلوک­های کامل تصادفی اجرا شد. نتایج نشان دهنده وجود اثر متقابل معن Moreبه منظور بررسی تاثیر محلول­پاشی با متانول (0، 10، 20 و30 درصد) و خاکپوش (شاهد، خاکپوش سفید و سیاه) بر عملکرد و برخی خصوصیات فیزیولوژیک گل همیشه بهار آزمایشی به صورت طرح فاکتوریل بر پایه طرح بلوک­های کامل تصادفی اجرا شد. نتایج نشان دهنده وجود اثر متقابل معنی­دار خاکپوش و محلول پاشی بر محتوای کلروفیل a و ارتفاع گیاه بود. نتایج نشان داد که بالاترین ارتفاع گیاه از تیمار خاکپوش سیاه × متانول (به غیر از سطح محلول پاشی 30 %) به دست آمد. بیشترین میزان کلروفیل a (3/2 میلی گرم بر گرم وزن تر) در ترکیب تیماری خاکپوش سیاه × 30 % متانول حاصل شد. محتوای کلروفیل b تحت تاثیر خاکپوش قرار گرفت و بالاترین مقدار کلروفیلb در تیمار خاکپوش سیاه (1/1 میلی گرم بر گرم وزن تر) مشاهده شد. وزن خشک گل، برگ، محتوای مواد جامد محلول و آب نسبی برگ تحت تاثیر جداگانه تیمار خاکپوش و محلول پاشی قرار گرفت. بالاترین میزان وزن خشک گل (116 گرم) در تیمار محلول پاشی 30 % و خاکپوش سیاه (103 گرم) ثبت شد. بیشترین میزان آب نسبی برگ (7/49 %)، مواد جامد محلول (120 درجه بریکس) در تیمار محلول پاشی 30% متانول و خاکپوش سیاه مشاهده شد. بیشترین وزن خشک ریشه (23/15 گرم) و محتوای فنل کل (05/95 میلی گرم گالیک اسید بر گرم وزن خشک) از تیمار خاکپوش سیاه به دست آمد. Manuscript profile -
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194 - اثر تیمار کوتاه مدت با نانو ذرات نقره و محلول گلجایی ساکارز روی پیری گل و برگ شاخه بریده رز
خدیجه آل کثیر رحیم نقش بند حسنی علیرضا مطلبی آذراین آزمایش برای ارزیابی اثر تیمار کوتاه مدت نانو ذرات نقره در غلظت­ های صفر، 4، 25، 75 و 125 میلی­ گرم در لیتر روی گل شاخه بریدنی رز رقم ʼهای اند مجیکʻ بدنبال نگهداری در محلول ساکارز با غلظت­ های صفر، 2 و 3 درصد از نظر عمر گلجایی و برخی از صفات فیزیولوژیکی پ Moreاین آزمایش برای ارزیابی اثر تیمار کوتاه مدت نانو ذرات نقره در غلظت­ های صفر، 4، 25، 75 و 125 میلی­ گرم در لیتر روی گل شاخه بریدنی رز رقم ʼهای اند مجیکʻ بدنبال نگهداری در محلول ساکارز با غلظت­ های صفر، 2 و 3 درصد از نظر عمر گلجایی و برخی از صفات فیزیولوژیکی پس از برداشت آن انجام شد. این تحقیق به شکل آزمایش فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملا تصادفی با سه تکرار برای هر تیمار اجرا شد. آزمایش تحت شرایط دمای 2 ± 23 درجه سانتی­گراد، رطوبت نسبی 5±60 درصد و با شدت نوری محیط 12 میکرو مول در مترمربع درثانیه به مدت 12 ساعت توسط لامپ­ های فلورسنت انجام شد. نتایج نشان داد که تیمار 125 میلی­ گرم در لیتر نانو ذرات نقره همرا با ساکارز دو درصد و بدون ساکارز بیشترین تاثیر را در کنترل باکتری­ های انتهای ساقه را داشت. تیمار کوتاه مدت نانو ذرات نقره در کلیه غلظت­ ها سبب بهبود جذب محلول، حفظ رطوبت نسبی شاخه، بهبود باز شدن گل و شاخص فلورسانس کلروفیل برگ (Fv/Fm) در مقایسه با تیمار شاهد گردید. بیشترین میزان باز شدگی گل با درشت­ترین اندازه گل در تیمار 75 میلی­ گرم در لیتر نانوذرات همراه با ساکارز 2 درصد در روز نهم عمر گلجایی مشاهده گردید. کمترین میزان عمر گلجایی در تیمارهای آب مقطر به تنهایی و همراه با ساکارز بود. بیشترین میزان عمر گلجایی در تیمارهای 75 و 125 میلی­ گرم در لیتر نانو ذرات نقره بدون ساکارز و با ساکارز در مقایسه با سایر تیمارها مشاهده گردید. Manuscript profile -
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195 - بررسی اثر نانوسیلور، نانوسیل و پراکسید هیدروژن بر عمر پس از برداشت گل بریده رز (Rosa hybrida)
مونا شادباش فتح اله کشاورزشالبه منظور بررسی اثر نانوسیلور (5، 10 و 20 میلی­گرم در لیتر)، پراکسید هیدروژن (200، 400 و 600 میکرو مولار) و نانوسیل (200 ، 400 و 600 میکرو مولار) به عنوان ترکیبات ضدمیکروبی در محلول گلجایی گل بریده رز رقم "گراند پرس آنجلا"، آزمایشی با 10 تیمار و 3 تکرار در قالب طرح ک Moreبه منظور بررسی اثر نانوسیلور (5، 10 و 20 میلی­گرم در لیتر)، پراکسید هیدروژن (200، 400 و 600 میکرو مولار) و نانوسیل (200 ، 400 و 600 میکرو مولار) به عنوان ترکیبات ضدمیکروبی در محلول گلجایی گل بریده رز رقم "گراند پرس آنجلا"، آزمایشی با 10 تیمار و 3 تکرار در قالب طرح کاملا تصادفی انجام شد. گل­های بریده رز بصورت ممتد با این ترکیبات تیمار شدند. نتایج بیانگر تاثیر معنی­دار و مثبت نانوسیل بر صفات اندازه­گیری شده بود. بطوریکه بیشترین عمر گلجایی (16/13 روز)، بیشترین جذب محلول (943/0 میلی­لیتر در هر گرم وزن تر)، کمترین کاهش وزن تر (31/6 گرم)، کمترین باکتری ته ساقه (Log 10 CFU ml-1 67/87) و بیشترین کاروتنوئید گلبرگ (61/17 میکروگرم در هر گرم وزن تر) متعلق به تیمار 400 میکرومولار نانوسیل بود. بیشترین فعالیت آنزیم POD برای دو تیمار 5 میلی گرم در­لیتر نانوسیلور (94/3 نانومول در هر گرم وزن تر) و 400 میکرومولار نانوسیل (86/3 نانومول در هر گرم وزن تر) ثبت شد. غلظت­های مختلف نانوسیلور در حفظ عمرگلجایی و صفات وابسته به آن موفق نبودند که دلیل آن می­تواند استفاده ممتد از این ترکیبات باشد. غلظت­های مختلف پراکسیدهیدروژن نسبت به شاهد در صفات مورد ارزیابی برتر بودند. بطورکلی تیمار 400 میکرومولار نانوسیل به دلیل اینکه در تمامی صفات ارزیابی شده، جزو بهترین تیمارها بود و همچنین بیشترین عمر گلجایی را داشت، به­عنوان تیمار مناسبی جهت نگهداری طولانی مدت گل بریده رز توصیه می­شود. Manuscript profile -
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196 - تاثیر اسید آمینههای آرژنین، پرولین و گلوتامین برخصوصیات مورفولوژیکی و فیزیولوژیکی دو رقم گل جعفری (.Tagetes erecta L)
فاطمه رئوف حق پرور داود هاشم آبادی بهزاد کاویانیگل جعفری علاوه بر مصارف زینتی و دارویی اخیرا بهعنوان گل خوراکی نیز مورد توجه قرار گرفته است. در پژوهش حاضر بهمنظور تولید گلهای جعفری با روشهای سالم و غیر شیمیایی آزمایشی بصورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملا تصادفی در سه تکرار با 20 تیمار اجرا شد. تیمارهای آزمایشی شامل د Moreگل جعفری علاوه بر مصارف زینتی و دارویی اخیرا بهعنوان گل خوراکی نیز مورد توجه قرار گرفته است. در پژوهش حاضر بهمنظور تولید گلهای جعفری با روشهای سالم و غیر شیمیایی آزمایشی بصورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملا تصادفی در سه تکرار با 20 تیمار اجرا شد. تیمارهای آزمایشی شامل دو رقم گل جعفری (زرد و نارنجی)، 3 نوع اسید آمینه آرژنین، گلوتامین و پرولین در 3 سطح (100، 500 و 1000 میکرومولار) و تیمار شاهد (آب مقطر) بودند. نتایج نشان داد که اسیدهای آمینه روی صفات ارزیابی شده اثر مثبت دارند و تیمار 100 میکرومولار آرژنین در صفات تعداد برگ، قطر گل، وزن تر و ماده خشک شاخساره، کاهش نشت یونی و افزایش فعالیت آنزیم کاتالاز در رقم نارنجی موفقترین تیمار است. در رقم زرد، بیشترین تعداد برگ، وزن تر شاخساره، ماده خشک ریشه، کمترین فعالیت آنزیم پلی فنل اکسیداز، کمترین نشت یونی و بیشترین فعالیت آنزیم کاتالاز برای تیمار 1000 میکرومولار پرولین ثبت شد. بیشترین فنل کل در هر دو رقم برای 100 میکرومولار آرژنین ثبت شد. با کاربرد اسیدهای آمینه مقدار فلاونوئیدها در هر دو رقم گل جعفری نسبت به شاهد افزایش یافت. بنابراین کاربرد اسیدهای آمینه بخصوص آرژنین (100 میکرومولار) و پرولین (1000 میکرومولار) بهترتیب برای تولید جعفری ’نارنجی‘ و ’زرد‘ به روش آلی و ارگانیک مناسب بوده و توصیه میشوند. Manuscript profile -
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197 - ارزش غذایی برخی از گل های موجود در فضای سبز به عنوان منابع غذایی جدید
سمیرا نیک نژاد داود هاشم آبادی محمد صادق اللهیاریتامین منابع غذایی ایمن، طبیعی و ارزان برای جمعیت روزافزون جهان یکی از نیازهای جامعه امروزی است. گل-های خوراکی منابع طبیعی جدیدی در سبد غذایی بشر هستند. در این راستا در پژوهش حاضر ارزش غذایی 5 نوع گل خوراکی شامل جعفری (Tagetes erecta L.)، گلایل ، یوکا (Yucca gloriosa)، Moreتامین منابع غذایی ایمن، طبیعی و ارزان برای جمعیت روزافزون جهان یکی از نیازهای جامعه امروزی است. گل-های خوراکی منابع طبیعی جدیدی در سبد غذایی بشر هستند. در این راستا در پژوهش حاضر ارزش غذایی 5 نوع گل خوراکی شامل جعفری (Tagetes erecta L.)، گلایل ، یوکا (Yucca gloriosa)، داودی و ختمی درختی (Hibiscus syriacus) مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. نتایج نشان داد که گل جعفری از بیشترین مقدار فلاونوئید کل (16.13 میلیگرم کاتچین در گرم وزنتر)، فنل کل (14.48 میلیگرم گالیک اسید در گرم وزنتر)، ظرفیت آنتیاکسیدانی ( 87.89 درصد بازدارندگیDPPH)، ویتامین ث (30.60 میلیگرم در 100گرم وزنتر) و پروتئین (56/1 درصد) برخوردار است. بیشترین کاروتنوئید (482.57 میکروگرم در گرم وزنتر)، آهن (2.54 میلیگرم در 100گرم وزنتر) و روی (0.27 میلیگرم در 100گرم وزنتر) برای گل یوکا ثبت شد. گل داودی بیشترین کلسیم (47.25 میلیگرم در 100گرم وزنتر) و منیزیم (2.60 میلیگرم در 100گرم وزنتر) و گل ختمی بیشترین آنتوسیانین (30.86 میلیگرم در 100گرم وزنتر) را داشت. همچنین در بین پنج گل موردمطالعه، کمترین مقدار فلاونوئید کل (11.17 میلیگرم کاتچین در گرم وزنتر)، آنتوسیانین (2.14 میلیگرم در 100گرم وزنتر)، پروتئین (0.52 درصد)، آهن (0.36 میلیگرم در 100گرم وزنتر)، کلسیم (9.11 میلیگرم در 100گرم وزنتر) و روی (0.14 میلیگرم در 100گرم وزنتر) متعلق به گلایل بود. گل داودی کمترین مقدار فنل کل (0.54 میلیگرم گالیک اسید در گرم وزنتر) و ویتامین ث (8.16 میلیگرم در 100گرم وزنتر)، گل یوکا کمترین ظرفیت آنتیاکسیدانی ( 47.76درصد بازدارندگیDPPH) و گل ختمی کمترین مقدار کاروتنوئید (362.17 میکروگرم در گرم وزنتر) را بخود اختصاص دادند. بنابراین با توجه به وجود ترکیبات فنلی و آنتیاکسیدانی، عناصر معدنی و پروتئین در گلهای مورد بررسی میتوان جایگاهی را برای این منابع مغذی طبیعی در سبد غذایی خانوادهها در نظر گرفت. Manuscript profile -
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198 - مقایسه توان گیاه پالایی دو گیاه زینتی پوتوس و سانسوریا به هنگام مواجه با آلودگی های فضای بسته
ویدا اخوان مرکزی روح انگیز نادری الهام دانایی سپیده کلاته جاری فرشته نعمت اللهیآلودگی هوای داخل خانه یکی از مهمترین موضوعات زیست محیطی در جهان است. ترکیبات آلی فرار که از جمله آلاینده های محیط های بسته می باشند، می تواند سلامت انسان را به خطر بیاندازد. در این راستا و به منظور بررسی توان گیاه پالایی دو گیاه سانسوریا و پوتوس در حذف چهار آلاینده بنز Moreآلودگی هوای داخل خانه یکی از مهمترین موضوعات زیست محیطی در جهان است. ترکیبات آلی فرار که از جمله آلاینده های محیط های بسته می باشند، می تواند سلامت انسان را به خطر بیاندازد. در این راستا و به منظور بررسی توان گیاه پالایی دو گیاه سانسوریا و پوتوس در حذف چهار آلاینده بنزن، استون، اتانول و متانول از محیطهای بسته هدف، آزمایشی طراحی و اجرا گردید. ابتدا دو گونه گیاهی بطور جداگانه در گلدانهای مختلف کشت شدند، سپس درون محفظه های شیشهای دربسته به حجم 125 لیتر قرار گرفتند. هر گیاه به مدت 24 ساعت در معرض غلظتهای مختلف آلایندهها قرارگرفت. نتایج بررسیهای بیوشیمیایی نشان داد، درصد نشت یونی گیاهان پوتوس تیمار شده در مقایسه با شاهد کاهش یافته است اما در گیاه سانسوریا در اکثریت تیمارها افزایش یافت. در مقابل، محتوی کلروفیل کل برگ سانسوریا در تمام تیمارها افزایش داشت اما در پوتوس به جزء تیمار بنزن 50 میکرولیتر/لیتر تفاوت چشمگیری با شاهد دیده نشد. میزان فعالیت آنزیم کاتالاز در هر دو گیاه کاهش چشمگیری داشت خصوصا تیمار استن 50 میکرولیتر/لیتر در گیاه سانسوریا. میزان فعالیت آنزیم سوپراکسید دیسموتاز در دو گیاه و تمام تیمارها نسبت به شاهد افزایش داشت و بیشترین آن در تیمار بنزن50 میکرولیتر/لیتر در گیاه سانسوریا بود. همچنین میزان محتوای پرولین گیاهان پوتوس تفاوتی نسبت به شاهد نداشت اما در سانسوریا کلیه تیمارها خصوصا دو تیمار استن 50 میکرولیتر/لیتر و اتانول 50 میکرولیتر/لیتر افزایش یافتند. با توجه به نتایج هر دو گونه استفاده شده در این تحقیق قادر به گیاه پالایی محیط های بسته می باشند و این توانایی در پوتوس به دلیل سازگاری بالاتر با شرایط، بیش از سانسوریا مشاهده شد. همچنین هنگام قرار گرفتن در معرض بنزن بیشترین و به هنگام تیمار با استون کمترین تنش و آسیب بافتی به گیاهان وارد شد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
199 - تاثیر پوشش های بسته بندی و ترکیب گازی بر حفظ کیفیت پس از برداشت گل همیشه بهار
داود عطایی روح انگیز نادری مصباح بابالار محمد موسویگل همیشه بهار (Calendula officinalis L) به­ عنوان یکی از گل­ های رایج خوراکی نیز شناخته می­ شود. در این تحقیق بهبود ارزش غذایی و ماندگاری گل همیشه بهار با پوشش بسته­ بندی و ترکیب گازی مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. گل همیشه بهار در بسته­ بندی­ های پلاستیک Moreگل همیشه بهار (Calendula officinalis L) به­ عنوان یکی از گل­ های رایج خوراکی نیز شناخته می­ شود. در این تحقیق بهبود ارزش غذایی و ماندگاری گل همیشه بهار با پوشش بسته­ بندی و ترکیب گازی مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. گل همیشه بهار در بسته­ بندی­ های پلاستیکی ساخته شده از پلی ­اتیلن، پلی ­آمید و ترکیب این دو پوشش با ترکیب گاز (5 % اکسیژن+5 % دی اکسید کربن؛ 5 درصد اکسیژن+10 % دی اکسیدکربن؛ 5 % اکسیژن+20 % دی اکسید کربن) یا بدون ترکیب گاز همراه با شاهد (بدون بسته­ بندی) قرار داده شد. این بستهها به سردخانه در دمای 4 درجه سانتیگراد منتقل شدند و برای ارزیابی صفات مورد نظر در روزهای 0، 5، 10 و 15 نمونهبرداری انجام شد. نتایج نشان داد با افزایش زمان نگهداری در تمامی تیمارها، میزان کاهش وزن، نشت یون و پوسیدگی افزایش یافت و محتوای نسبی آب، فنل کل، فلاونوئیدها و کاروتنوئیدها کاهش یافت. در عین حال استفاده از بسته ­بندی پلی ­اتیلن و پلی ­آمید همراه با ترکیب گازی باعث بهبود کیفیت ظاهری و تغذیه ­ای گل ها شد. در بین تمامی تیمارها، تیمار ترکیبی 5 %اکسیژن+10 % دی اکسیدکربن و پوشش پلی­ اتیلن + پلی­ آمید اثرات بهتری در حفظ کیفیت و افزایش ماندگاری گلهای همیشه بهار خوراکی داشت. در نتیجه با توجه به ارزش غذایی و دارویی گل همیشه بهار می ­توان از این تیمار به­ عنوان روشی موثر و ایمن برای افزایش ماندگاری و حفظ کیفیت ظاهری و ترکیبات بیوشیمیایی این گیاه استفاده کرد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
200 - بررسی تاثیر بنزیل آدنین و چند ترکیب طبیعی بر عمر گلجایی و برخی صفات کیفی گل شاخه بریده مریم
زهرا گلشادی قلعه شاهی مهرداد باباربیع صادق آتشی حسین زارعی آتوسا دانیاییگل مریم یکی از گل های شاخه بریده مهم با گلچه های معطر می­باشد. برای افزایش عمر گلجایی این گل، استفاده از محلول های نگهدارنده مناسب امری ضروری است. بدین منظور از دو نوع تیمار شمیایی و طبیعی استفاده شد. تیمارهای مورداستفاده شامل بنزیل آدنین (50، 100 و 150 میلی گ Moreگل مریم یکی از گل های شاخه بریده مهم با گلچه های معطر می­باشد. برای افزایش عمر گلجایی این گل، استفاده از محلول های نگهدارنده مناسب امری ضروری است. بدین منظور از دو نوع تیمار شمیایی و طبیعی استفاده شد. تیمارهای مورداستفاده شامل بنزیل آدنین (50، 100 و 150 میلی گرم در لیتر)، عصاره­های رزماری و اکالیپتوس (12، 25 و 50 درصد) و عصاره میوه نارنج (3، 4، 5 و 6 میلیلیتر در لیتر) بود و از ساکارز 4 درصد در تمامی محلول­ها استفاده شد. صفات اندازه­گیری شامل عمر گلجایی، کیفیت ظاهری، درصد بازشدن گلچه، وزن تر نسبی، جذب محلول، مواد جامد محلول، کلروفیلa،b و کلروفیل کل، بودند. نتایج نشان داد بیشترین عمر گلجایی در تیمار بنزیل آدنین 50 میلی گرم در لیتر (66/11 روز) و کمترین عمر گلجایی در تیمار شاهد و عصاره رزماری 50 درصد (33/6 روز) حاصل شد. بیشترین درصد بازشدن گلچه­ها مربوط به تیمار بنزیل آدنین 150 میلی گرم بود. بیشترین وزن تر نسبی و جذب محلول به ترتیب در تیمار بنزیل آدنین 100 و 50 میلی گرم در لیتر حاصل شد و بیشترین میزان مواد جامد محلول در تیمار عصاره اکالیپتوس 12 درصد حاصل شد. همچنین بیشترین میزان کلروفیل a، b و کل، مربوط به تیمار عصاره نارنج 5/4 میلی لیتر در لیتر بود. به طورکلی نتایج نشان داد اگرچه گل­های تیمارشده با بنزیل آدنین بیشترین عمر گلجایی را داشتند اما ترکیبات طبیعی به­ویژه عصاره­های اکالیپتوس و نارنج تاثیر معنیداری در عمر گلجایی و سایر صفات اندازه­گیری شده گل بریده مریم داشتند و به عنوان یک ترکیب ساده، سالم و ارزان قیمت قابلیت استفاده دارند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
201 - تاثیر محلول پاشی سولفات روی بر ویژگیهای رشدی، محتوای فنل کل و اسانس شعمدانی عطری
لامیا وجودی مهربانی محمدباقر حسن پور اقدم اصغر ابراهیم زاده رعنا ولی زاده کامرانشعمدانی عطری از گیاهان دائمی و همیشه سبز است که به عنوان گیاهی معطر در فضای سبز استفاده میشود. برگها، شاخسارههای سبز و گلهای تازه گیاه حاوی اسانس است. اسانس این گیاه دارای اثرات ضد باکتری، ضد قارچ، حشره کشی و آنتی اکسیدانی است. به منظور مطالعه تاثیر محلول پاشی برگی Moreشعمدانی عطری از گیاهان دائمی و همیشه سبز است که به عنوان گیاهی معطر در فضای سبز استفاده میشود. برگها، شاخسارههای سبز و گلهای تازه گیاه حاوی اسانس است. اسانس این گیاه دارای اثرات ضد باکتری، ضد قارچ، حشره کشی و آنتی اکسیدانی است. به منظور مطالعه تاثیر محلول پاشی برگی سولفات روی (0، 1000، 2000، 3000 و 4000 میلی گرم در لیتر) بر رشد رویشی و برخی ویژگیهای فیزیولوژیک شعمدانی عطری آزمایش گلدانی طی سال 2015 در دانشگاه شهید مدنی آذربایجان طراحی شد. نتایج نشان داد که رشد رویشی شعمدانی (ارتفاع گیاه، وزن تر و خشک) شدیدا تحت تاثیر محلول پاشی سولفات روی قرار گرفت. محلول پاشی برگی سولفات روی موجب افزایش ارتفاع گیاه (در غلظت 2000 میلی گرم در لیتر)، محتوای کلروفیل کل، کلروفیل a ، b و کاروتنوئید شد. محتوای اسانس نمونه تحت تاثیر محلول پاشی سولفات روی قرار نگرفت. محلول پاشی برگی سولفات روی تاثیر معنیداری روی محتوای فنل کل، آنتوسیانین (در غلظت 1000 و 2000 میلی گرم در لیتر) و فلاونوئید کل (در غلظت 2000 میلی گرم در لیتر) داشت. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
202 - بررسی امکان حضور اتانول در تعدادی گیاهان زینتی و معطر با استفاده از کروماتوگرافی گازی
مریم نصوری گزنی شهاب شریعتی علی رفیع زاده محمد نقی صفرزاده ویشکاییگیاهان بخش قابل توجهی از کربن جذب شده خود را به عنوان مواد آلی فرار زیستی مجدداً در هوا منتشر میسازند. با توجه به مقادیر نسبتاً زیاد متانول در عرقیات گیاهی، انتظار میرود که، غلظت های متفاوتی از اتانول نیز در چنین نوشیدنیهایی یافت شود، زیرا، بعضی از تحقیقات نشان داده Moreگیاهان بخش قابل توجهی از کربن جذب شده خود را به عنوان مواد آلی فرار زیستی مجدداً در هوا منتشر میسازند. با توجه به مقادیر نسبتاً زیاد متانول در عرقیات گیاهی، انتظار میرود که، غلظت های متفاوتی از اتانول نیز در چنین نوشیدنیهایی یافت شود، زیرا، بعضی از تحقیقات نشان داده است، گیاهان همانند متانول، اتانول نیز تولید و در هوا منتشر میسازند. در این تحقیق، مقدار اتانول در 30 نمونه عرق گیاهی صنعتی تولید شده توسط سه کارخانه مختلف مورد اندازه گیری قرار گرفت. برای این منظور، محلولهایی با غلظت mg L-1 10000 از اتانول و متانول به عنوان استانداردهای اصلی و داخلی بطور مجزا تهیه گردید که در ادامه، غلظتهای متفاوتی از محلول اتانول ساخته شده تهیه شد و در ادامه µL 50 از محلول متانول به تمام استانداردها و نمونههای استاندارد داخلی اضافه شد و سپس، مقدار اتانول همه آنها با استفاده از دستگاه GC مورد اندازه گیری قرار گرفتند. نتایج به دست آمده نشان داد، بعضی از انواع عرقیات گیاهی دارای اتانول هستند. بیشترین مقدار اتانول مربوط به گلاب با میانگین mg L-1 4/96 و کمترین آن در عرق بیدمشک با میانگین mg L-1 5/ 15 (تنها یک نمونه mg L-1 5/15 بود و در دو نمونه دیگر دیده نشد) دیده شد، در حالی که، دیگر نمونههای مورد آزمایش فاقد اتانول بودند. با توجه به حضور اتانول در بعضی از نمونههای مورد بررسی، تحقیقات بیشتر در این زمینه ضروری به نظر میرسد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
203 - Phytochemical Study, Phenolic Assay and Antioxidant Capacity of Vetiver (Chrysopogon zizanioides) Root Extract
فرخنده چنبه کار بابک مختاری سعادت رستگارزاده maryam kolahiThe Vetiver plant scientifically known as "Chrysopogon zizanoides", belongs to the Poaceae family and shows high adaptability to different environmental conditions. The plant was introduced as Vetiver Grass Technology (VGT) by the World Bank and is being promoted worldw MoreThe Vetiver plant scientifically known as "Chrysopogon zizanoides", belongs to the Poaceae family and shows high adaptability to different environmental conditions. The plant was introduced as Vetiver Grass Technology (VGT) by the World Bank and is being promoted worldwide for the protection of the environment. The aim of this research was to identify the phytochemical constituents present in the root of Vetiver, measurement of secondary metabolites and investigation of the antioxidant properties of its ethanolic extract. In order to identify the chemical compounds present in the root, various phytochemical analyses and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry were utilized. The quantity of secondary metabolites such as phenolics, flavonoids and flavonol of the Vetiver root was determined by spectroscopy methods. The data shows that extracts of Vetiver root contains bioactive compounds belonging to various families such as tannins, glycosides, alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, steroids and saponins. In the tests conducted it was shown that by increasing the density of Vetiver root extracts, the quantity of phenolics, flavonoid, flavonol and antioxidant capacity significantly increased. The high rate of production of phenylpropanoid compounds with high antioxidant capacity is very important in the adaptability of plants under unfavorable cultivation conditions. Based on these results, Vetiver may be used as a source of antioxidants in the isolation of active ingredients and drug manufacturing to treat diseases caused by oxidative stress. Based on these results, the Vetiver can be attention as a natural source of antioxidants in the isolation of active compounds and production drugs to treat diseases caused by oxidative stress. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
204 - Investigation of graphene oxide nanoparticle adsorbent in removal of amoxicillin and ciprofloxacin from aqueous solutions
Payam Bahar Amir Hessam Hassani Homayon Ahmad Panahi Elham MoniriThe presence of antibiotics in water resources as emerging contaminants can ultimately have health hazards. In the present study, graphene oxide adsorbent was synthesized using the Hummer method and used to adsorb amoxicillin and ciprofloxacin. The effect of various var MoreThe presence of antibiotics in water resources as emerging contaminants can ultimately have health hazards. In the present study, graphene oxide adsorbent was synthesized using the Hummer method and used to adsorb amoxicillin and ciprofloxacin. The effect of various variables such as pH, adsorbent dose, concentration of pharmaceutical compounds and reaction time on the removal of amoxicillin and ciprofloxacin was investigated. Examination of the structural characteristics of synthesized graphene oxide shows that the specific surface area of the adsorbent is 9.7 square meters per gram and the average size of the pores in the graphene oxide adsorbent is 16.5 nm. pHzpc was also tested for the synthesized adsorbent and its value was 3.8. The effect of pH shows that graphene oxide adsorbent has the highest absorption of amoxicillin at pH 3 and ciprofloxacin at pH 5. Under optimal process conditions, the results show that in a duration of 60 minutes and a dose of 50 mg/L of graphene oxide and 10 mg/L of pharmaceutical compounds, finally 79.3% and 84.6% for amoxicillin and ciprofloxacin are removed, respectively. It can be concluded that the proposed adsorbent can be effective for the elimination of pharmaceutical compounds and is very promising for the molecular separation of antibiotics. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
205 - تهیه و بررسی ابرساختارهای سرب سولفید بهعنوان ماده جاذب مؤثر نور خورشید
جواد نظامیفر کمال قانی آرش شکرالهی -
Open Access Article
206 - سنتز کارآمد کینولین بهوسیله ترکیبات β-سیانو کربونیل با استفاده از FeCl3·6H2O بهعنوان کاتالیست و بررسی ویژگی ضد باکتری آن
محسن سرگردان آرانی ربابه مهدی زاده بهروز میرزا -
Open Access Article
207 - The Analysis of a Forgotten Rite: "By the hand of an idol, wine-selling, repentance I have made" *
Kheiroalah Mahmoodī Meisam HajipourIn Islamic mysticism, repentance is the first stage of the spiritual journey (soluk) toward God. The idiom "repentance by the hand of …" has been concerned by Dervishes, royal courts and religious men. Repentance has two aspects: internal and external. The inter MoreIn Islamic mysticism, repentance is the first stage of the spiritual journey (soluk) toward God. The idiom "repentance by the hand of …" has been concerned by Dervishes, royal courts and religious men. Repentance has two aspects: internal and external. The internal aspect refers to the act of leaving what Allah has prohibited and returning heartily to what He has commanded. But, in the external aspect, the person who repents tries to redeem his/her social status. In the present article, by studying the external dimension of repentance, the authors have tried to show the role of"repentance by the hand of …"among the groups of people practicing it. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
208 - Determination of nutritional value and mineral elements of red algae Hypnea flagelliformis from Bandar Abbas , Persian Gulf
Sh. Safaeian K. Larijani M. Talebzadeh Sh. ShabaniIn this study chemical composition (protein, fat, carbohydrates, fiber, Ash) and mineral elements (Fe, Mg, Ca, K, Na, I, P, Se, Mn, Zn, Cu) in the red algae Hypnea flagelliformis of Persian Gulf coast in winter 2010 and spring 2011 were analyzed in triplicates. Results MoreIn this study chemical composition (protein, fat, carbohydrates, fiber, Ash) and mineral elements (Fe, Mg, Ca, K, Na, I, P, Se, Mn, Zn, Cu) in the red algae Hypnea flagelliformis of Persian Gulf coast in winter 2010 and spring 2011 were analyzed in triplicates. Results showed that amount of energy in100 gr of red algae H. flagelliformis in spring was 179. 962 kcal and in winter it was169.872 kcal. Chemical analysis of H. flagelliformis red algae in winter showed that average amounts of protein, carbohydrates, fat, fiber and ash were %15.366 ± 0. 0283 ,%25.851 ± 0.12037,%0.556 ± 0.0351, %0.976 ± 0.0045 and %14.873 ± 0.040 dry weight respectively. Also in spring amounts of these factors were %17.851 ± 0.0045, %26.3003 ± 0.025, %0.3733 ± 0.0057, %1.177 ± 0.052 and %15.263 ± 0.0416 dry weight respectively. Most protein, carbohydrate and fiber belonged to spring algae. This is considerable because of high amount of protein in red algae than green algae and brown. The analysis of red algae H. flagelliformis showed that the average amount of this elements in winter was respectively, Fe (290.76 ± 0.1527), Mg (1286.6 ± 2.516), Ca (2618.6 ± 0.577), K (1638.9 ± 0.776), Na (1854.3 ± 2.081), I (6.338 ± 0.2749), P (56.3 ± 0.3), Se (44.7 ± 0.3605), Mn (4.94 ± 0.305), Zn (2.16 ± 0.208) and Cu (1.16 ± 0.0251) mg per 100 gr of dry matter. The amount of these elements in spring, was Fe (233.9 ± 2.891), Mg (1028 ± 2) , Ca (4356.3 ± 2.516) , K ( 1977.6 ± 5.631) , Na ( 2898.6 ± 0.577) , I (7.16 ± 0.05715) , P (53.6 ± 0.3) , Se (40.7 ± 0.2) , Mn (8.05 ± 0.02) , Zn ( 5.2 ±0.173) and Cu( 1. 43 ± 0.0378) mg per 100 gr of dry matter respectively. results showed that there is a significant difference between the average chemical composition, macro elements and micro elemans in winter and spring (P<0.01). Average iodine elements in two seasons didn’t show significant difference (P>0.01). The results of chemical analysis in the red algae Hypnea flagelliformis suggest more investigations in case of high level of Iodine, Selenium, Iron, Magnesium, Calcium, Sodium, Potassium as a good supplement. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
209 - Bio-remediation of sulfuric compounds from the ceramic wastewater using indigenous bacteria and Thiobacillus thioparus
Mahtab Taherian Fatemeh Ardestani Mehdi ParviniBackground & Objectives: Sulfide compounds of ceramic industries wastewater cause water pollution as well as plants and aquatic destruction. This study was aimed to evaluate sulfide compounds removal from ceramic industries wastewater by Thiobacillus thioparus MoreBackground & Objectives: Sulfide compounds of ceramic industries wastewater cause water pollution as well as plants and aquatic destruction. This study was aimed to evaluate sulfide compounds removal from ceramic industries wastewater by Thiobacillus thioparus and indigenous wastewater bacterial isolates. Materials & Methods: Indigenous bacterial strains were proliferated at pH of 7, the temperature of 25oC, agitation speed of 200 rpm and an aeration rate of 100 mL min-1 in a 2 L bioreactor for 15 consecutive cycles. Sulfide compounds removal function of T. thioparus and indigenous bacterial strains along with the effect of pH and initial sulfide concentrations were investigated. Results: The results showed a thiosulfate removal rate of 250 mg sulfide L-1 h-1, a thiosulfate conversion percentage of 100% and a thiosulfate oxidation time of 44 min following 8 consecutive cycles. The sulfide removal rate of T. thioparus and ceramic wastewater indigenous bacteria was obtained as 246.5 and 276.5 mg sulfide L-1 h-1, respectively. Sulfide removal rate by proliferated bacteria decreased from 250 at pH of 7 to 230 and 180 mg sulfide L-1 h-1 at pH of 8 and 9, respectively. Bacterial isolates had an acceptable function in sulfide concentration of 3000 mg L-1, as well. Sulfide removal ability of T. thioparus isolates was decreased by 2.5 and 4 folds, when pH changed from 7 to 8 and 9, respectively. This bacterial strain was not able to tolerate high sulfide concentrations. Conclusion: The results showed that bacteria isolated from ceramic industries wastewater have a higher capability of sulfide compounds removal as compared to T. thioparus isolates. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
210 - Spirulina: A healthy green sun with bioactive properties
Bahareh Nowruzi Mahnaz Jafari shaghayegh babaie Atena Motamedi AmirAli AnvarSpirulina is a photosynthetic cyanophyte that can grow in high intensity sunlight and very alkaline conditions and high temperatures. This algae contains vitamin supplements in the diet. Spirulina will be introduced as a complete food source in the near future. In fact, MoreSpirulina is a photosynthetic cyanophyte that can grow in high intensity sunlight and very alkaline conditions and high temperatures. This algae contains vitamin supplements in the diet. Spirulina will be introduced as a complete food source in the near future. In fact, one of the most important problems in the food industry is the use of synthetic preservatives and synthetic food additives that increase the risk of cancer. Therefore, efforts are being made around the world today to isolate new and safe antioxidants from natural sources. Among these, the natural products (secondary metabolites) of cyanobacteria are an important source of new drug compounds. Natural products not only have medicinal value themselves, but are also used as building models to create synthetic analogues. The chemical composition of Spirulina includes protein (70-55%), carbohydrates (25-25%), essential fatty acids (18%), vitamins, minerals and pigments such as carotene, chlorophyll a and phycocyanin. Because there is great potential for exploiting this algae and turning it into a dietary supplement in the production of a variety of food products such as cookies and biscuits, ice cream and cream cheese, and that in a small volume of this algae, it can be used as a golden key in nutrition. In this article, considering the potential potential of Cyanobacterium Spirulina, the morphological structure, life cycle, nutritional composition, antiviral activity, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, safety, anti-nephrotoxicity properties, increased visual acuity, weight loss and Blood lipids are treated. Obviously, the introduction of valuable properties of cyanobacteria Spirulina can be a suitable substitute for many antimicrobial compounds and synthetic antioxidants that not only pose no risk to the consumer, but can also improve consumer health. On the other hand, since the present study reviews the latest findings on cyanobacteria Spirulina, it is hoped that this study could pave the way for the introduction of edible microalgae with healing properties that can be used in the food industry. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
211 - Marine actinobacteria: a source for discovering of new drugs
Mohammad Nazarian Iraj Nabipour Akram NajafiMarine actinobacteria are virtually unlimited sources of novel secondary metabolites and are very important from therapeutic and industrial points of view. There are more than 22,000 known microbial secondary metabolites, 70% of which are produced by actinobacteria. A MoreMarine actinobacteria are virtually unlimited sources of novel secondary metabolites and are very important from therapeutic and industrial points of view. There are more than 22,000 known microbial secondary metabolites, 70% of which are produced by actinobacteria. Actinobacteria from terrestrial sources have been examined and identified since the 1950s, for many significant antibiotics, anticancer, anti-tumor and immunosuppressive activities. However, obtaining the previously discovered metabolites from terrestrial actinobacteria habitats attracted studies to different ecological habitats. The ecological role of actinobacteria in the marine environment is greatly neglected. Currently, the existence of marine actinobacteria have received considerable attention due to the structural diversity, unique biological activities of their secondary metabolites and a growing need for the development of new and potent therapeutic agents. In recent years, newly discovered secondary metabolites have shown a range of biological activities such as antibacterial, antifungal, anticancer, antitumor, cytotoxic, anti-inflammatory, anti-parasitic, anti malaria, antiviral, antioxidant, etc. In this review, an evaluation is made on the current status of research on marine actinobacteria yielding pharmaceutically active secondary metabolites. Bioactive compounds from marine actinobacteria possess distinct chemical structures that may form the basis for synthesis of new drugs that could be used to combat resistant pathogens. With the increasing advancement in science and technology, there would be a greater demand for new bioactive compounds synthesized by actinobacteria from various marine sources in future. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
212 - Study the effect of drought stress on oil percent, protein percent and fatty acids composition of soybean grain
Maryam Divsalar زین العابدین طهماسبی سروستانی سید علی محمد مدرس ثانوی آیدین حمیدیIn order to assess the effect of drought stress on seed chemical compositions and determine a stage In order to assess the effect of drought stress on seed chemical compositions and determine a stage that drought stress has the most effect on seed compositions, an exper MoreIn order to assess the effect of drought stress on seed chemical compositions and determine a stage In order to assess the effect of drought stress on seed chemical compositions and determine a stage that drought stress has the most effect on seed compositions, an experiment was conducted as a split factorial based on complete randomized block design in three replications in agriculture faculty of Tarbiat Modares University in 2014. Four treatments of drought stress were exerted as withholding irrigation at flowering stage, pod formation, seed filling stage, and control (without stress). The other treatments were two soybean cultivars (Williams and L17) and the seeds resulted from three planting dates in Moghan in a last year (10 May, 10 June and 10 July). The measured traits included fatty acids percent, oil and protein percent of soybean grain. The results indicated that effect of drought stress was significant on oil and protein percent and also fatty acids except palmitic acid. The lowest percent of oil (19.29% ) and the highest percent of protein (37.36 %) were obtained by drought stress at seed filling stage. The highest percent of oleic acid (25.75%) and the lowest linolenic acid (5.98%) was observed in Williams at drought stress at seed filling stage. Regarding that the main purpose of soybean planting in Iran is oil production and drought stress at seed filling stage has negative effect on oil content, so irrigation in this stage of reproductive growth is necessary to achieve desirable oil yield. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
213 - Effects of methyl jasmonate and phosphorus on PAL activitity, flavonoids and some physiological parameters in leaves and fruit of red pepper
کلثوم شمس الدینی بتول کرامت حسین مظفریJasAbstract Jasmonates are naturally occurring plant growth regulators, which can affect many physiological and biochemical processes in higher plants. Phosphorus is an essential nutrient for plant growth and development. It plays a fundamental role in metabolism and en MoreJasAbstract Jasmonates are naturally occurring plant growth regulators, which can affect many physiological and biochemical processes in higher plants. Phosphorus is an essential nutrient for plant growth and development. It plays a fundamental role in metabolism and energy production in plants. In this study, the effects of methyl jasmonate (0, 50 and 100 μM) and phosphoru (0, 2 and 4 mM) on dry weight, chlorophyll content, flavonoids content and phenylalanine ammonia- lyase (PAL) activity in leaves and fruits of red pepper plants in the reproductive stage were examined. The results showed that methyl jasmonate and phosphorus (in both concentrations) significantly increased the dry weight of treated plants compared to control. Moreover, using of both methyl jasmonate(50 µM) and phosphorus (2, 4 mM) led to increase in chlorophyll a, b and total chlorophyll content compared with control plants. Application of 50 μM MJ with 2 and 4 mM phosphorus enhanced flavonoid content in leaves while in fruit, MJ 100 Μm with 4 Mm of phosphorus effective treatments. PAL activity analysis revealed that methyl jasmonate(100 µM) in combination with phosphorus (4 mM) increased the activity of this enzyme in fruit pepper. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
214 - Effects of different urea and vermicompost rates on yield and essential oil contents of two dill (Anethum graveolens L.) cultivars
nastooh safikhani zohrab adavi cyrus mansourifarUsing organic fertilizers to replace or considerably reduce the use of chemical fertilizers leads to an increase in the quality and performance of the sustainable production of crops. A field experiment based on randomized complete blocks design (RCBD) with three replic MoreUsing organic fertilizers to replace or considerably reduce the use of chemical fertilizers leads to an increase in the quality and performance of the sustainable production of crops. A field experiment based on randomized complete blocks design (RCBD) with three replications was carried out to compare application of vermicompost, urea and their combinations in Agricultural Education and Medicinal Plant Research Center of Isfahan province during 2016. Five levels of fertilizers: control, 100% vermicompost (3429 kg ha-1), 66.6% vermicompost + 33.3% urea (86.86 kg ha-1 urea + 2283.71 kg ha-1 vermicompost), 66.6% urea + 33.3% vermicompost (173.73 kg ha-1 urea + 1141.85 kg ha-1 vermicompost) and 100% urea (260.86 kg ha-1) were used in two cultivars of dill (Varamin and Isfahani). The results indicated that 66.6% and 33.3% urea vermicompost increased the number of umbel (13.6 %), 1000-seed weight (19.3 %), plant dry weight (21.9 %), grain yield (33.4 %), harvest index (18.5%) and essential oil yield (27.5%) compared to the control treatment. Furthermore, the highest percentages of essential oil percentage (0.80%), d-Carvone (91.49%) and linalool (2.61%) were obtained related to 100% vermicompost. Therefore, using integrated chemical fertilizer and organic fertilizer application without significant decline in yield quantity and quality, could be decreased consume chemical fertilizer and its impacts on environment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
215 - Investigating the phytochemical characteristics of seven salvia species native to Iran
zahra aghaee Ardalan Alizadeh Mehrzad Honarvar Ramin Babadaei SamaniSalvia belongs to the mint family and is one of the medicinal plants that has proven its antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-malarial properties for the essential oils and extracts of these plants based on recent research. In the present thesis, the a MoreSalvia belongs to the mint family and is one of the medicinal plants that has proven its antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-malarial properties for the essential oils and extracts of these plants based on recent research. In the present thesis, the aerial part of seven plant species of Salvia including Salvia sharifii, S. aegyptiaca, S. santolinifolia, S. compressa, S. eremophila, S. macilenta, S. macrosiphon in the spring of 2020, in the stage of full flowering by natural habitat different from Hormozgan province were collected. The study of volatile compounds of these species by GC / MS method led to the identification and determination of compounds such as α –Pinene, Linalool, Limonene, (E)-Caryophyllene, Caryophyllene oxide, Geraniol, Borneol, Menthol and p-Cymene. DPPH method evaluated the antioxidant properties of methanolic extracts of seven species of Salvia. The highest IC50 belonged to S. aegyptiaca and santolinifolia and there was no significant difference with each other and the lowest IC50 belonged to S. macilenta. The highest percentage of free radical scavenging belonged to S. macilenta at a concentration of 1600 μg / ml. HPLC was used to measure the polyphenolic compounds of methanolic extracts of Salvia species. A total of 17 compounds were identified in methanolic extracts, of which only were detected Hesperetin, Rosmarinic acid, Trans-ferulic acid, Eugenol, Hesperedin, Carvacrol, Coumarin, Quercetin and Catechin. The results of this study showed that the amount of total phenol in S. eremophila species was the highest and was significantly different from other species. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
216 - بررسی تاثیرتیمارهای غذایی مختلف بر روی ترکیبات شیمیایی کرم پرتار پرنرئیس نانتیا(Perinereis nuntia)
ادریس آزور مازیار یحیوی علیرضا سالارزاده پرویز زارع مجتبی نادری -
Open Access Article
217 - اثر ترکیبات یونی اسپرم بر کارایی تکثیر مصنوعی ماهی سفید ( Rutilus frisii kutum kamensky 1901) مهاجر به رودخانه سفید رود
سیده زهرا فلاح شمسی شعبانعلی نظامی حسین خارا شهروز برادران نویری علیرضا علیپور نرگس علیجانپور کاوه امیری -
Open Access Article
218 - اثرات گرسنگی و استراتژی های تغذیه ای بر عملکرد رشد و ترکیب لاشه تاس ماهی روسی (Acipenser gueldenstaedtii)
محمود علیزاده افشار حسین خارا بهرام فلاحتکار -
Open Access Article
219 - تاثیر استرس شوری بر ترکیبات بدن ماهی کپور نقره ای انگشت قد (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix)
زهرا محمدی مکوندی پریتا کوچنین حسین پاشا زانوسی -
Open Access Article
220 - Investigation of bonding mechanism and effects of brazing time on microstructure and bond strength of Ti6Al4V/Al2O3 Couple
محمد حسین مومن پور محمود فاضل نجف آبادیIn this study, using Ag-Cu brazing metal alloy, effects of brazing time on microstructure and strength of Al2O3 / Ti6Al4V joints were investigated. Therefore, ceramic/metal couple brazed by electrical furnace. Then, brazed specimens were examined by scanning electron mi MoreIn this study, using Ag-Cu brazing metal alloy, effects of brazing time on microstructure and strength of Al2O3 / Ti6Al4V joints were investigated. Therefore, ceramic/metal couple brazed by electrical furnace. Then, brazed specimens were examined by scanning electron microscope and x-ray diffraction tests. Several phases observed at the interface area and EDS analysis were recognized titanium, copper, silver, aluminum, vanadium and oxygen in this phases. With more study using x-ray diffraction patterns and phases diagrams some intermetallic compounds identified. This compounds were Ti-Cu intermetallices near to Ti6Al4V side and reactive layer of Cu2O +CuAlO2 near to Al2O3 ceramic side. Also, microstructural surveys revealed the narrow reaction layer and a little intermetallic compounds in specimen brazed for 10 minutes. With increasing brazing time, reaction layers grossed rapidly. This chemical variation made dimensional changes at metal/ceramic interface. Therefore, some crakes observed in specimen brazed for 25 minutes. Maximum of shear strength equal 295 Mpa measured in specimen brazed for 15 minutes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
221 - Correlation of Microstructure with Mechanical Behavior of HSLA-100 Weld Metal Produced By GTAW Method
Mahyar Darivandpour Reza Dehmolaei Khalil RanjbarIn this study, welding of high strength low alloy steel, HSLA-100 was performed using three fillers metals, cut from base metal (HSLA-100), ER100S-G and ER120S-G by GTAW procedure. Microstructural studies were conducted using optical and scanning electron microscopes. T MoreIn this study, welding of high strength low alloy steel, HSLA-100 was performed using three fillers metals, cut from base metal (HSLA-100), ER100S-G and ER120S-G by GTAW procedure. Microstructural studies were conducted using optical and scanning electron microscopes. Tensile, impact and hardness tests were also used to evaluate the mechanical properties of the joint. The results showed that the microstructure of HSLA-100 weld metal included granular bainite and polygonal ferrite, ER100S-G weld metal consisted of acicular, Widmannstatten and grain boundary ferrites and ER120S-G weld metal comprised of acicular, polygonal and quasi-polygonal ferrites. Furthermore, the formation of a secondary phase (constituent) of martensite / austenite (M / A) was observed in the microstructure of all weld metals. The predominant form of this phase in HSLA-100 and ER100S-G weld metals was blocky type and formed along the prior austenite grain boundries and in ER120S-G weld metal was in the form of stringer type. The results of mechanical tests demonstrated that among weld metals, ER120S-G weld metal had the highest tensile strength (859 MPa), percent elongation (22%), impact toughness (45 joule) and hardness (294.7 HV30). whilst, the ER100S-G weld metal had the lowest tensile strength (775 MPa) and hardness (268.4 HV30) and the HSLA-100 weld metal had the lowest impact toughness (25 Joule). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
222 - بررسی شکلگیری عیوب و لایههای بین فلزی در جوشکاری اصطکاکی اغتشاشی آلومینیم AA1100 به فولاد A441 AISI
حامد آقاجانی درازکلا مجید الیاسی مرتضی حسین زاده -
Open Access Article
223 - The Study and Comparison of Some of Chemical Compositions in Muscle of Three Endemic Species of Cyprinidae from Hor-e-lazim Wetland in Khoozestan Province
محمد ولایتزاده مهدی بیریا سعد بازیارThe aim of this study was to assess protein, lipid, carbohydrate, ash, and moisture and zinc and iron in three species fish Barbus pectoralis, Carasobarbus luteus and Aspius voraxfrom Hor-e-lazim wetland Khoozestan Province. 27 Samples were collected of Barbus pectorali MoreThe aim of this study was to assess protein, lipid, carbohydrate, ash, and moisture and zinc and iron in three species fish Barbus pectoralis, Carasobarbus luteus and Aspius voraxfrom Hor-e-lazim wetland Khoozestan Province. 27 Samples were collected of Barbus pectoralis, Carasobarbus luteus and Aspius voraxHor-e-lazim wetland. Data were analyzed with SPSS18 software in terms of t-test which determine prese or non-presence of the significant difference in level 95 precent (P=0.05).This study between of protein, ash and carbohydrate in muscle of Barbus pectoralis, Carasobarbus luteus and Aspius voraxfrom Hor-e-lazim wetland dosenot show significance different (Pandgt;0.05), but lipid and moisture in three species fish significance different (Pandlt;0.05). The highest of protein (17.5andplusmn;0.62), lipid (3.43andplusmn;0.2) and carbohydrate (0.61andplusmn;0.009) in muscle of Barbus pectoralis and the highest of ash (1.56andplusmn;0.15) and moisture (80.73andplusmn;0.2) in muscle ofCarasobarbus luteus. The lowest of protein (16.23andplusmn;0.25) and lipid (1.3andplusmn;0.17) were observed in muscle ofCarasobarbus luteus and the lowest ash (1.02andplusmn;0.072) and moisture (77.43andplusmn;0.45) were observed in muscle of Barbus pectoralis. Concentration of iron in muscle of Barbus pectoralis, Carasobarbus luteus and Aspius vorax was 10.96andplusmn;0.25, 10.46andplusmn;0.28 and 9.73andplusmn;0.2 mg Kg-1 ww.Concentration of zinc in muscle of Barbus pectoralis, Carasobarbus luteus and Aspius vorax was 11.9andplusmn;0.36, 12.9andplusmn;0.36 and 10.93andplusmn;0.27 mg Kg-1 ww. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
224 - A Survey of Nutritional Composition in Three Fillet Areas (Head, Middle and Tail) of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
سکینه یگانه زیبنده محرابی فاطمه قوامیThe objective of the currentresearch was to investigate the distribution of lipid, protein and moisturethroughout the fillets of farmed rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Differences in lipid, protein and moisture content were found amongst different portions of the f MoreThe objective of the currentresearch was to investigate the distribution of lipid, protein and moisturethroughout the fillets of farmed rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Differences in lipid, protein and moisture content were found amongst different portions of the fillet, being lowest lipid and highest moisture (9.86andplusmn;0.72), (77.42andplusmn;1.45) in the tail area and contrast highest lipid and lowest moisture in the middle area (11.28andplusmn;0.79), (75.35andplusmn;1.90) respectively (pandlt;0.05). Also recorded the highest amount of protein (42.92andplusmn;1.52) in the tail area and lowest protein (41.23andplusmn;1.89) in the middle area (pandgt;0.05). Significant positive regression was obtained between moisture and lipid content of each area, so it seems to calculate lipid content of each area by moisture content Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
225 - Investigating The Effects of Trans-chalcone on Insulin Amyloid Fibrillation
Maria Omidi Shahsavandi Parichehr Yaghmaee Shahin Ahmadian Azadeh Ebrahim-HabibiAmyloid fibrils are string-like aggregates that form due to the disruption of natural structure and misfolding of various types of peptides and proteins. These amyloid aggregates are associated with some neurodegenerative and systemic diseases such as Alzheimer's, Parki MoreAmyloid fibrils are string-like aggregates that form due to the disruption of natural structure and misfolding of various types of peptides and proteins. These amyloid aggregates are associated with some neurodegenerative and systemic diseases such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and type 2 diabetes. The aim of this study was to investigate the inhibitory effects of Trans-chalcone on insulin fibrillation (as a model protein). In this study, insulin was incubated for 24 hours in the presence and absence of Trans-chalcone under amyloid formation conditions. The formed fibrils were analyzed using various techniques including Congo red absorption spectral changes by spectroscopy, electron microscopy images by TEM, and fluorescent staining of amyloid aggregates by fluorescent microscopy. Then, possible interactions between Trans-chalcone and insulin were analyzed using molecular docking method by AutoDock software. The results showed a significant reduction in amyloid fibril formation in the additive-containing sample compared to the control sample. This study provides evidence that Trans-chalcone has an inhibitory effect on insulin fibrillation and could be a potential therapeutic agent for amyloid-related diseases. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
226 - The Efficiency of Essential oil of Chicory (Cichorium intybus) and Nettle (Utrica dioica) in Controlling Tribolium castaneum
Sepide Dadvand Manizheh JamshidiThe flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum Herbst is one of the most important pests damaging cereals specially wheat and lowering the quality and quantity of the production directly and indirectly each year. This study had done in order to investigate the toxicity effect of MoreThe flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum Herbst is one of the most important pests damaging cereals specially wheat and lowering the quality and quantity of the production directly and indirectly each year. This study had done in order to investigate the toxicity effect of two essential oils of Cichorium intybus and Utrica dioica in different treatment duration (24, 48 and 72 hours) on mortality of larval and adult stages of T. castaneum. The experiments were done at entomology laboratory of Islamic Azad University of Tabriz during 2018, based on a complete randomized design in 25 ± 1°C and 60 ± 5 % of humidity. Investigation had done in 4 replications and 25 insects per unit. Based on LC50 value from probit analysis of mortality percent in T. confusum 72 hour after treatment, least LC50 belong to larvae and application of C. intybus essential oil. In response to essential oil of both medicinal plant, least LC50 value observed in larval stage. In this investigation increasing treatment time, decreased LC50 value. Results of line-effects showed that sensitivity of two stage to C. intybus is the same. But adult insect of T. confusum in lower concentration were more sensitive V. dioica essential oil. Also in higher concentrations there were less difference between these two stage to V. dioica essential oil that shows higher concentrations of V. dioica cause more effective death in adults than larval stage. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
227 - بررسی هنر ترکیبسازی وحید قزوینی در 20 صفحة اوّل منشآت از لحاظ بلاغی و دستوری
وحید رزاقی حمید رضا فرضی رستم امانی -
Open Access Article
228 - A survey on the effects of different dietary levels of Acidi fire Biotronic S.A. fort® on growth performance, survival rate and body composition of Barbus Schwanen feldi
Hassan MohammadiThe aim of this research was to survey on the effects of different dietary levels of Acidi fire Biotronic S.A. fort ® on growth performance, survival rate and body composition of Babus schwanen feldi. So 4 treatments with 0, 2, 4 & 6 g/kg Acidi fire in feed were MoreThe aim of this research was to survey on the effects of different dietary levels of Acidi fire Biotronic S.A. fort ® on growth performance, survival rate and body composition of Babus schwanen feldi. So 4 treatments with 0, 2, 4 & 6 g/kg Acidi fire in feed were designed in triplicates with 10 fish Barbs juveniles with initial average weight 2.7 + 0.03 g were fed with experimental fed during 60 days. As the result showed the less BWI was observed in 4 th treatment and the most one was observed in control. The most and less length invrease were seen in 2 nd & 6th treatments respectively. The most Ash content and less one were observed in 4 th and control treatments respectively. The most moisture content and less one were observed in 6th and 2nd treatments respectively. In conclusion, control treatment was the best one Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
229 - The effect of using different levels of acidifier (Biotronic S. E. Forte) on growth performance, survival rate and body composition of Barb (Tinfoil barb)
Hassan Mohammadi Hamed ManouchehriThe aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of using different levels of acidifier (Biotronic S. E. Forte) on growth performance, survival rate and body composition of Barb (tinfoil barb). So food additive was used at levels of 0, 2, 4 and 6 g/kg in fo MoreThe aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of using different levels of acidifier (Biotronic S. E. Forte) on growth performance, survival rate and body composition of Barb (tinfoil barb). So food additive was used at levels of 0, 2, 4 and 6 g/kg in four experimental diets. A diet without acidifier was used as the control. Diets were fed to three replicate groups of 16 fish with an initial weight of 2.7±0.03 g for a period of 60 days. 0 g per kg of acid supplements. Also during this period, the highest increase was seen in the height of the treatment 4 kg of acid capacity; 2 /1cm to 6/43 cm, and the lowest rate of growth of acid capacity was 2 / 9cm which reached to 7/2 cm. Finally, different treatments for scrutiny of the amount of protein, fat, ash and moisture to specialized laboratories were analyzed by corpus, which was in the highest protein content (15/47 for the treatment of 6 g per kg of acid). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
230 - The effects of various concentrations of ginger hydro-alcoholic extract on specific parameters of sperm fertility in rooster
soheil hemmaty alireza paymard fatemeh ramezaniMedicinal Plants with antioxidant properties can improve the quantitative and qualitative specific indices of sperm fertility and increase hatchability rate in rooster by disturbing the production process of free radicals and neutralizing of oxidative stress. The aim of MoreMedicinal Plants with antioxidant properties can improve the quantitative and qualitative specific indices of sperm fertility and increase hatchability rate in rooster by disturbing the production process of free radicals and neutralizing of oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of various concentrations of ginger extract Specific parameters of sperm in roster. In this study, hydroalcoholic extracts of knotgrass was prepared in Golpaygani roosters. In this study, hydro-alcoholic extract of ginger plant was prepared at concentrations of 0, 500, 1000 and 2000 mg/L and was added to drinking water of 36 adult male (32 weeks old) Golpaygani cock. After two week, the effect of different concentrations of the extract on the specific indices of sperm fertility (SMI, FSC, PMSCa, PMSCb and MSC) were evaluated and compared. The papenicular staining was also used to specific evaluation of sperm abnormalities. The use of ginger extract significantly improved the sperm fertility indices. The most number of sperm with fast progressive movements (PMSCa), the highest levels of SMI, FSC and MSC indices, the least structural and motility abnormalities was demonstrated in 1000 and 2000 mg extract (P≤0.05). Significant differences were not observed between the two above-mentioned intermediate and high concentrations in some parameters (P> 0.05). There was no significant difference in above indices between medium and high concentrations of extract . In conclusion, ginger , due to the high amounts of antioxidant compounds, significantly increases the sperm indices and also improves the specific parameters of sperm fertility in rooster. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
231 - The effects of various concentrations of polygonum hydro-alcoholic extract on specific indices of sperm fertility in rooster
soheil hemmaty alireza paymard majid gholamiMedicinal Plants with antioxidant properties can improve the quantitative and qualitative specific indices of sperm fertility and increase the hatchability rate in rooster by disturbing the production process of free radicals and neutralizing of oxidative stress. The ai MoreMedicinal Plants with antioxidant properties can improve the quantitative and qualitative specific indices of sperm fertility and increase the hatchability rate in rooster by disturbing the production process of free radicals and neutralizing of oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of various concentrations of ginger extract on biological parameters and specialized indices of sperm fertility in Golpaygani roosters. In this study, hydro-alcoholic extract of polygonum plant was prepared at concentrations of 0, 500, 1000 and 2000 mg/L and was added to drinking water of 36 adult male (32 weeks old) Golpaygani cock. After one week, the effect of different concentrations of the extract on the specific indices of sperm fertility (SMI, FSC, PMSCa, PMSCb and MSC) were evaluated and compared. The papenicular staining was also used to specific evaluation of sperm abnormalities. The use of polygonum extract significantly improved the sperm fertility indices. The most number of sperm with fast progressive movements (PMSCa), the highest levels of SMI, FSC and MSC indices, the least structural and motility abnormalities was demonstrated in 1000 and 2000 mg extract (P≤0.05). Significant differences were not observed between the two above-mentioned intermediate and high concentrations in some parameters (P> 0.05). There was no significant difference in above indices between medium and high concentrations of extract (P>0.05). In conclusion, polygonum , due to the high amounts of antioxidant compounds, significantly increases the sperm indices and also improves the specific parameters of sperm fertility in rooster. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
232 - Defamiliarization in Saeb's Poetry
Narges Oskooii Defamiliarization is one of the prominent theories of literary criticism. Every artistic efforts that helps to rub off habitude and listlessness between the addresse and the writer which develops sensational unders More Defamiliarization is one of the prominent theories of literary criticism. Every artistic efforts that helps to rub off habitude and listlessness between the addresse and the writer which develops sensational understanding, mind challenging and creativity, is defined as defamiliarization. It was introduced by V.B. Sheklovsky the Russian writer of past century, and now it is diverted in different types such as Lexical and syntactic. Saeb is one of the well-known poets of persian literature in the field of defamiliarization whom his creativity, new saying, and innovation was salient. In this essay we are going to examine the major Styles of Saeb Considering defamiliarization of word, speech, meaning, and the necessity of their usage. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
233 - Germination of Alyssum homalocarpum affected by different seed dormancy breaking treatments
Ali Reza Ganjali Majed Ajorlo Abbas KhaksafidiThe seed of some medicinal plants has different kinds of dormancy which is due to ecological compatibility with a variety of environmental conditions. Therefore, identification of the effective ecophysiological factors affecting dormancy and creation of optimal conditio MoreThe seed of some medicinal plants has different kinds of dormancy which is due to ecological compatibility with a variety of environmental conditions. Therefore, identification of the effective ecophysiological factors affecting dormancy and creation of optimal conditions is essential for seed germination of medicinal plants for their cultivation and production. An experiment based on a completely randomized design with five treatments and four replications was conducted to evaluate the effect of different treatments on Alyssum homalocarpum seed germination. The treatments consisted of soaking seeds in potassium nitrate 0.2 and 0.1% for 48 hours, tap water for 24 hours, carbonyl diamide solution (urea) for 48 hours and distilled water (as control). The highest germination percentage (88%) and speed (0.92 seeds per day) of germination resulted from tap water treatment was available for 24 hours. Soaking seeds in water causes the reduction of mucilage formation around A. homalocarpum seed and significant increase of the germination percentage and speed. On the whole, seed dormancy in A. homalocarpum species is of physiological type which is due to the presence of inhibitor factors on the skin or in the embryo sac. Therefore, the most appropriate and effective treatment for breaking physiological seed dormancy in A. homalocarpum species was soaking the seeds in tap water for 24 hours. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
234 - Antibacterial activity of methanol extract of some Iranian lichens
Soleiman Jamshidi Seyyedeh Maryam Shahidi Mohammad Sohrabi Samira JamshidiLichens are known as one of the greatest sources of natural compounds having antibiotic properties which some of them are being used as drugs for special diseases therapy. In current study, inhibitive, bacteriostatic and bactericidal activities of methanol extracts of f MoreLichens are known as one of the greatest sources of natural compounds having antibiotic properties which some of them are being used as drugs for special diseases therapy. In current study, inhibitive, bacteriostatic and bactericidal activities of methanol extracts of five lichens derived from Arasbaran, East Azarbaijan Province of Iran including Pleopsidiumgobiensis, Parmelinatiliacea, Anaptychiasetifera and Lecanoraargopholis on some plant derived bacteria such asPseudomonas fluorecens, Bacillus subtillis and Enterobactersp. were studied using disc diffusion and minimal inhibitory and bactericide concentration methods. Methanol extracts of lichens had significant inhibitive effects of studied bacteria other than Enterobactersp. in disc diffusion agar method. A. setifera extracts had less inhibitive in bacteria than others. All lichens extracts had more or less bacteriostatic and bactericidal effects on bacteria. Methanol extracts of all lichens had various bacteriostatic and bactericidal effects on bacteria P. gobiensis and P. tiliaceahad much more bacteriostatic and bactericide comparing two other lichens. Lichens extracts was more inhibitive against B. subtillis. The bacteriostatic and bactericidal reaction of Enterobactersp. to lichen extracts was more than two other bacteria. Regarding results of the results, the lichens extracts could have remarkable potential for studied plant bacteria biocontrol and might be considered as promising agents against pathogens. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
235 - Comparison of (HS-SPME) method and innovative microwave-assisted steam hydro-diffusion (MSHD) method in extraction of volatile compounds and essential oils from medicinal plants and aromatic herbs
sayedeh mansoureh memarzadeh Abdollah Ghasemi pirbalouti Ali Gholami Sayed Ahmad NourbakhshIntroduction: Medicinal plants are those plants whose organs have effective medicinal compounds. Due to the good clinical experiences, these plants have a special place in treatment and do not have destructive effects on the environment. Secondary metabolites have a gre MoreIntroduction: Medicinal plants are those plants whose organs have effective medicinal compounds. Due to the good clinical experiences, these plants have a special place in treatment and do not have destructive effects on the environment. Secondary metabolites have a great effect on plant protection, and essential oils are an important group of secondary compounds. Since the extraction method is effective on the yield, percentage and type of chemical compounds obtained from medicinal, spicy and aromatic plants and also the examination of different plants is done based on their chemical profile, so the purpose of this research is to compare the chemical profile of the Bakhtiari savory. Satureja bachtiarica Bunge. as a species of Lamiaceae family by head space solid phase micro extraction (HS-SPME) and microwave –assisted steam hydro-diffusion (MSHD) method.Experimental: The aerial parts of Satureja bachtiarica Bunge. were collected in the beginning of May from the mountans of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province up to 5 cm above the ground level in 2021, and after confirming the herbarium number and drying in standard conditions, essential oil extraction was performed in a special balloon (patent number: 89031 in Iran) in a microwave device. And the obtained essential oil was analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometery (GC/MS). The amount of 0.5 grams of the plant was directly tested in a 20 ml glass vial for 20 minutes at 85 degrees Celsius by (HS-SPME/GC/MS). No more than 5 days have passed since the plant was prepared.Results and Disscussion: The results of statistical tests showed a significant difference in the chemical profile of essential oils obtained from two different extraction methods (p≤0.05). The highest amount of hydrocarbon monoterpenes was obtained from the (HS-SPME) method, while the highest amount of oxygenated monoterpenes was obtained from the (MSHD) method. There was a significant difference between the main compounds of essential oils obtained from different extraction methods, including thymol, carvacrol, para-cymene, gamma-terpinene (p≤0.05). The highest percentage of p-cymene and Ɣ-terpinene was related to the (HS-SPME) method, while the two main compounds of the essential oil, thymol and carvacrol, had a significant decrease in this method. In addition, the highest amount of thymol and carvacrol was obtained from the (MSHD) method. The advantages of this innovative extraction method are reduction of extraction time (30 minutes), high yield of essential oil (1.2%), energy saving (consumed energy 0.53 kWh), increase of oxygenated monoterpenes (68.06 ±3.75%), antioxidant activity and high amount of total phenol. Microwave-assisted steam hydro diffusion (MSHD) is the optimal method for extraction of essential oil from Bakhtiari savory. In the microwave-assisted extraction method, short extraction time, energy saving, high efficiency, and good quality of the obtained essential oil have made this "Green and eco-friendly technology " as a promising tool for extracting essential oils from medicinal plants and aromatic herbs in pharmaceutical, food, cosmetic, health and perfumery industries.In the phytochemical analysis of Satureja bachtiarica Bunge. by (HS-SPME) method, the amount of hydrocarboned monoterpenes increased significantly (75.73 ± 1.54%), it can be concluded that (HS-SPME) method is a reliable, simple and unique method for Identification and measurement of volatile and light compounds in medicinal, spicy and aromatic plants. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
236 - Variation on biological activities and total phenol and flavonoids contents in different extracts from Salvia rhytidea Bent. collected from natural habitats of Kerman and Sistan and Baluchestan provinces
Omid Azizian-Shermeh Alireza HassanabadiIntroduction: The variety of quantity and quality of active ingredients as well as the antioxidant function of medicinal plants under different ecological conditions has made plants as a valuable and natural source of new antioxidants in the focus of researchers. Salvia MoreIntroduction: The variety of quantity and quality of active ingredients as well as the antioxidant function of medicinal plants under different ecological conditions has made plants as a valuable and natural source of new antioxidants in the focus of researchers. Salvia rhytidea Bent is one of the native medicinal plants of Sistan and Baluchestan and Kerman provinces. The genus Salvia belongs to the genus Lamiaceae, with more than 311 species worldwide, especially in tropical and temperate regions. The present study is carried out to evaluate the phytochemical compounds such as total phenolic and total flavonoid contents, antioxidant and antibacterial activities of three extracts (Methanolic, Ethanolic and Aqueous) of Salvia rhytidea Bent from natural habitats of Kerman and Sistan and Baluchestan province.Experimental: Phenolic and Flavonoid contents were determined by Folin-Ciocaltiu, Aluminum Chloride colorimetric and antioxidant activities were studied by two methods (DPPH and FRAP) and antimicrobial activities were estimated by Disk-Diffusion Agar and MIC methods against 3 bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli and 2 fungis Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans.Results and Disscussion: The results showed that, the methanolic extract of S. rhytidea from Sistan and Baluchestan province had high amount of secondary compounds (phenolic and flavonoids: 35.12 ± 2.11 mg GAE/g extract, 29.13 ± 1.12 mg QUE/g extract) and activities (antioxidant activities: IC50= 27.28 ± 2.12 µg/ml, 49.17 ± 2.21 mM Fe2+/mg Sample, and antimicrobial activities against Staphylococcus aureus with the diameter of inhibition zone 25 ± 1.41). Aqueous extract of S. rhytidea from Kerman province had minimum amount of secondary compounds (phenolic and flavonoids: 10.72 ±1.21 mgGAE/g extract, 6.14 ± 0.24 mgQUE/g extract) and activities (antioxidant activities: IC50= 173.12 ± 4.16 µg/ml, 7.66 ± 0.23 mM Fe2+/mg Sample, and antimicrobial activities against Escherichia coli with the diameter of inhibition zone 9 ± 0.19 mm). The extraction method of the extract and the appropriate solvent play an important role in the extraction of secondary compounds. Methanol solvent has played an important role in the extraction of phenolic and flavonoid secondary compounds, and these compounds have led to antioxidant and antimicrobial properties, so that methanolic extracts have the highest amount of total phenols and flavonoids and the most antioxidant effect. Among the studied extracts, methanolic extract showed the greatest effect in all evaluations. Also, the antioxidant power of methanolic extract of this plant was so high that it was almost close to the antioxidant power of synthetic antioxidants ascorbic acid (10.75 ± 0.98 µg/ml, 65.75 ± 3.35 mM Fe 2+/mg Sample) and BHT (15.26 ± 1.2 µg/ml, 57.96 ± 1.53 mM Fe 2+/mg Sample) in both methods. Ethanolic extract was in the second place for both plant samples and between methanolic and aqueous extracts.Extension: Overall, based on the results, the Salvia rhytidea can be a suitable candidate for the treatment of diseases caused by oxidative stress, and diseases caused by pathogenic microbes. Also, due to its high potential in eliminating pathogens, this plant can be a suitable alternative to antibiotics. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
237 - Extraction of bioactive compounds and determination of antioxidant activity Echium amoenum
Simin Arabi Assal Farrokh Eslamlou Zahra Ezzatpour Ghadim sarvenaz MaghsoodiIntroduction: Plants are potential sources of natural antioxidants and produce various antioxidative compounds to counteract reactive oxygen species. Consumption of plant derived antioxidant contributes to reducing risks of certain chronic and degenerative diseases. Ech MoreIntroduction: Plants are potential sources of natural antioxidants and produce various antioxidative compounds to counteract reactive oxygen species. Consumption of plant derived antioxidant contributes to reducing risks of certain chronic and degenerative diseases. Echium amoenum also named as Gol-e-gavzaban in persian, is one of the most important species of Boraginaceae family and commonly found in the North of Iran. Echium amoenum is usually used as herbal tea in Iran for conditions such as common cold, bronchitis, sore throat, cough, stress and fatigue. The dried violet–blue petals of Iranian Borage also possess diaphoretic, diuretic, sedative, mood enhancer, antifebrile, laxative, anti-depressant, cardiotonic and blood rectifying properties. Recently, this plant is known as an effective factor against cancer. The present study was conducted at Islamic Azad University of Tehran Medical Sciences. The aim of the present study was to determine total phenolic and flavonoid compounds and antioxidant activity of various extracts of Echium amoenum from Kelardasht region.Experimental: E. amoenum plants were collected from Kelardasht region in Mazandaran province, Iran (2020, June) at the flowering stage, identified by the herbarium of the Research Institute of Forest and Rangelands. The aerial of E. amoenum dried in shade at room for 6 days and ground to a fine powder. The plant sample (50 g) was extracted using Ethanol and Acetone solvents in different concentrations by maceration method. Afterward, the ethanolic and acetonic extracts of E. amoenum were filtered through Whatman No.1 filter paper. The ethanolic extract was evaporated to dryness under reduce pressure (rotary evaporator Buchi R-300, Switzerland) and acetonic extract was concentrated by vaccum oven (Memmert VO49, Germany) at 35°C. Then the extracts were dried by freeze dryer (UO11, Iran) at -40°C and were pulverized. In this study, extraction of total phenolic compounds from E. amoenum by Acetone and Ethanol solvents in three different concentrations (pure, 50% and 75%) were investigated. Total phenolic contents were determined by Folin- Ciocaltue assay and were expressed as mg of gallic acid per g of extract. Then the antioxidant capacity of extracts were assessed by DPPH radical-scavenging activity and reducing power assay and compared with BHT and ascorbic acid standardsResults and Disscussion: In all extracts, the highest total phenolic contents were observed in 50 percentage concentration so that in these conditions, total phenolic contents of acetonic and ethanolic extracts were obtained as 82.9 and 77.3 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/g extract, respectively, ( p ≤ 0.05). Extracts showed antioxidant activity in a dose-dependent manner. Acetonic extract had more antioxidant activity and DPPH radical-scavenging than ethanolic exrtact. The increase antioxidant activity of the plant can be attributed to the high amounts of phenolic and flavonoid compounds.Extension: Echium amoenum can be used as a potential source of phenolic compounds and natural antioxidant. According to the obtained results based on the high antioxidant properties of this plant, it is suggested that with more researches on extract of E. amoenum can be used more and more in the food industry to prevent the oxidative deteriorative activity of food materials. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
238 - Eachium amoenum as a functional food ingredient
Mona Torabi-Toran-Pashtoshti vajihe Fadaei Mohammad reza EshaghiIntroduction: Medicinal plants, either alone or in combination with other drugs, have a growing trend in the treatment of humans. Echium amoenum is one of the annual plants from the Boraginaceae family that in Iran, it is famous as the Gol-e-Gavzaban and is the on MoreIntroduction: Medicinal plants, either alone or in combination with other drugs, have a growing trend in the treatment of humans. Echium amoenum is one of the annual plants from the Boraginaceae family that in Iran, it is famous as the Gol-e-Gavzaban and is the one of the most important medicinal plants in Iranian traditional medicine. The leaves and flowers organize the useable parts of Gol-e-Gavzaban. In Iranian traditional medicine; the petals of this plant have been used because of strengthening and relaxation effects. The leaves of Gol-e-Gavzaban, with scientific name Borago officianals, have a tongue leaf and full of delicate thorns that gives the rough case to it; and because of this, it is known as Gavzaban. The purpose of this review is the summary description of pharmaceutical effects and functional food and bio-active compounds for introducing of it as a functional food in food industry usage.Results and Disscussion: Echium amoenum like other medicinal plants number the important source of chemical compounds with the potential curative effects. The main bio-active compounds that extracted from Eachium amoenum are poly phenols, Anthocyanidin, Flavonoids, Strols, Saponins, Unsaturated Triphenoids, Unsaturated fatty acids and minor amounts of Pyrrolizidine alkaloid. Rosmarinic acid with Anti_inflammatory effects and Antiviral effects is the main compound of Polyphenols in Gol-e-Gavzaban .This plant contains bioactive compounds that have antioxidant, antibacterial, antiviral, anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, analgesic and immune system regulating effects. It was noted that it should be moderated in consumption of this medicinal plant.Extension: Echium amoenum with a wide range of medicinal activities can be considered as a health component. Since the consumption of plant extracts is not pleasant for most people due to their special flavor and odor, so they can be used in combination with food and benefit from their beneficial effects. Also, due to the positive effect of Echium amoenum on the survival of probiotic bacteria, it can be used in the production of synbiotic food. Manuscript profile
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