Effects of different drying methods on drying time and some phytochemical traits of Solidago virgaurea L.
Subject Areas :
Medicinal Plants
Sepideh Parsafar
1
(
Department of Agriculture, Medicinal Plants and Drugs Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University
)
ghasem eghlima
2
(
Department of Agriculture, Medicinal Plants and Drugs Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University
)
Mohammad Hossein Mirjalili
3
(
1Department of Agriculture, Medicinal Plants and Drugs Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University
)
Samad Nejad Ebrahimi
4
(
Department of Phytochemistry, Medicinal Plants and Drugs Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti
University, G.C., Evin, Tehran, Iran
)
Javad Hadian
5
(
Department of Agriculture, Research Institute of Medicinal Plants and Raw Materials, Shahid Beheshti University of Tehran
)
Received: 2021-08-11
Accepted : 2022-01-16
Published : 2022-05-22
Keywords:
drying,
phenolic compounds,
Leiocarposide,
Solidago virgaurea L,
Abstract :
To investigate the effect of different drying methods on the Solidago virgaurea L., an experiment based on a completely randomized design with six treatments and three replications was conducted in 2018 in the Ecophysiology Laboratory of Shahid Beheshti University of Tehran. In this study, aerial parts of S. virgaurea L. was harvested from Sangdeh natural habitat located in Mazandan province at full flowering stage. The drying methods were shade and sun-drying (natural drying), oven-drying (40 and 50 °C), and microwave-drying (550 and 1000 watt). In all methods, drying of the plant materials was continued until the moisture content reached 10% (based on plant fresh weight). Methanolic extract was obtained from the dried samples and some secondary metabolites including content of total phenol, total flavonoid and leiocarposide were measured by Folin-Ciocalteu method, aluminum chloride method, and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), respectively. The minimum (7 minutes) and maximum (60 hours) drying times were related to 1000 watt microwave drying and shade drying methods, respectively. The highest content of total phenol (30 mg Gallic acid /g DW) in shading drying treatment and the highest content of total flavonoids (7.95 mg Rutin/g DW) and leiocarposide (3.07 mg/g DW) was observed in the oven at 40 °C. In addition, active metabolites content decreased with increasing microwave power and oven temperature. In general, the correct choice of drying method depends on several factors, and among them, the type of active ingredient, optimal energy consumption and cost savings should also be considered.
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Rozdar, F., Azizi, M., Ghani, A. and Davari Nejad, CH. 2014. Effect of different drying methods on drying time and some phytochemical properties of Mentha (Mentha piperita ). Journal of Horticultural Science, 28(3): 407-415.
Saifullah, M.D, Mc-Cullum, R., Mc-Cluskey, A. and Vuong, Q. 2019. Effects of different drying methods on extractable phenolic compounds and antioxidant properties from lemon myrtle dried leaves. Heliyon, 5 (12): e03044.
Salehi, P., Asghari, B., Esmaeili, M. A., Dehghan, H., and Ghazi, I., 2013. α-Glucosidase and α-amylase inhibitory effect and antioxidant activity of ten plant extracts traditionally used in Iran for diabetes.Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 7(6): 257-266.
Shahdadi, F., Mirzaie, H.A., Maghsadllo, Y., Ghorbani, and Daraie garme khani, A. 2011. Effect of drying process on the phenolic-compounds content and antioxidant activity of two varieties of date-palm fruit Kaluteh and Mazafati. (Phoenix ductylifera), Journal of Nutrition Sciences and food industry Iran, 6(3): 67-74.
Soysal, Y. (2004). Microwave drying characteristics of parsley. Biosystems Engineering, 89(2), 167-173.
Soysal, Y., Oztekin, S. and Eren, O. 2006. Microwave drying of parsley: modelling, kinetics, and energy aspects. Biosystems Engineering, 93(4): 403- 413.
Tabrizi, L., Dezhban, F., Mostofi, Y. and Moridi Farimani, M. 2015. Variability of physical and phytochemical criteria of pot marigold (Calendula offıcinalis) flowers under different drying methods and plant nutrient source. Iranian Journal of Horticultural Science, 46(2): 243-258.
Vega-Galvez, A., Scala, K.D., KLemus-Mondaca, R., Miranda, M., Lopez, J. and Perez-Won, M. 2009. Effect of airdrying temperature on physico-chemical properties, antioxidant capacity, colour and total phenolic content of red pepper (Capsicum annuum var. Hungarian). Food Chemistry, 117(4): 647- 53.
Yaneva, Z.L., Simeonov, E.B. and Ivanova, D.G. 2020. In vitro Ultraviolet-B radiation mediated antioxidant response of Bulgarian Goldenrod (Solidago virgaurea) extract. Bulgarian Chemical Communications, 52: 33-40.
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Abdullah, S., Ahmad, M.S., Shaari, A.R. and Johar, H.M. 2011. Drying characteristics and herbal metabolites composition of misai kucing (Orthosiphon staminiues ) leaves. In: Proceedings of International conference on food engineering and biotechnology, 7th-9th May, Bangkok, Thailand.
Abdullah, S., Shaari, A. R. and Azimi, 2012. Effect of drying methods on metabolites composition of Misai kucing (Orthosiphon stamineus) leaves. Sciverse science direct, 2: 178-182.
Arslan, D., Ozcan, M.M. and Okyay Menges, H. 2010. Evaluation of drying methods with respect to drying parameters, some nutritional and colour characteristics of peppermint (Mentha × piperita L.). Energy Conversion and Management, 51: 2769- 2775.
Asadi, M., Nejad Ebrahimi, S., Hatami, M. and Hadian, J. 2020. Changes in secondary metabolite contents of Arnica chamissonis in response to different harvest time, flower developmental stages and drying methods. Journal of Medicinal Plants, 19 (76): 69-88.
Azizi, M., Rahmati, M., Ebadi, T. and Hasanzadeh Khayyat, M. 2009. The effects of different drying methods on weight loss rate, essential oil and chamazolene contents of chamomile (Matricaria recutita) flowers. Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 25(2): 182-192.
Chan, E.W.C., Lim, Y.Y., Wong, S.K., Lim, K.K., Tan, S.P., Lianto, S.F. and Yomg, M.Y. 2009. Effects of different drying methods on the antioxidant properties of leaves and tea of ginger species. Food Chemistry, 113: 166-172.
Chua, L.Y.W., Chong, C.H., Chua, B.L. and Figiel, A. 2019. Influence of drying methods on the antibacterial, antioxidant and essential oil volatile composition of herbs: a review. Food Bioprocess Technology, 12: 450–476.
Crozier, A., Clifford, M. and Ashihara, H. 2006. Plant secondary metabolites occurrence, structure and role in the human diet. Black well publishing. United Kingdom. 353 p.
Dehghani Mashkania, M.R., Larijani, K., Mehranfarian, A. and Naghdi Badi, H. 2018. Changes in the essential oil content and composition of Thymus daenensis Under different drying methods. Industrial Crops & Products, 112: 389-395.
Dewick, P. 2009. Medicinal natural products a biosynthetic approach. John Wiley and Sons, Ltd, Publication. United Kingdom. 509 p.
Hassanpouraghdam, M.B., Hassani, A., Vojodi, L. and Farsad-Akhtar, N. 2010. Drying method affects essential oil content and composition of basil (Ocimum basilicum ). Journal of Essential Oil Bearing Plants, 13(6): 759-766.
Hassanzadeh, K., Hemmati, Kh. and Mehdi Pour, M. 2018. The effect of different drying methods (natural and oven) on the drying time and some secondary metabolites of Melissa (Melissa officinalis ). Journal of Plant Production Research, 25(1): 143-137.
Hayat, Kh., Zhang, X., Farooq, U., Abbas, Sh., Xia, Sh, Jia, Ch., Zhong, F. and Jing, Zh. 2010. Effect of microwave treatment on phenolic content and antioxidant activity of Citrus mandarin Food Chemistry, 123(2): 423-429.
Kamtekar, S., Keer, V. and Patil, V. 2014. Estimation of phenolic content, flavonoid content, antioxidant and alpha amylase inhibitory activity of marketed polyherbal formulation.Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science, 4(09): 61-65.
Martinov, M., Oztekin, S. and Muller, J. 2007. Drying: 85-97. In: Oztekin, S., and Martinov, M.,(Eds.). Medicinal and aromatic crops. CRC Press,United States of America, pp.320.
Moosavian, M.T. and Mohammadpoor, V. 2006. Investigation of effective parameters in drying process of food materials by microwave. In: Proceedings of 6th National student congress f Chemistry Engineering & 5th National Student Congress of Oil Engineering, 29-30 th August, Isfahan, Iran.
Mozafarian, V. 2012. Identification of medicinal and aromatic plants of Iran. Tehran, Iran: Farhang Moaser Press.1444p.
Mumivand, H., Rezaei Nejad, H., Taghipour, Sh., Sepahvand, K. and Moradi, B. 2020. Effect of different drying methods on drying time and some phytochemical characteristic of Pelargonium (Pelargonium graveolens). Journal of Horticultural Science, 33(4): 655-668.
Ng, Z.X., Yong, P.H. and Lim, S.Y. 2020. Customized drying treatments increased the extraction of phytochemicals and antioxidant activity from economically viable medicinal plants. Industrial Crops & Products, 155: 112815.
Nguyen, K.Q., Vuong, Q.V., Nguyen, M.H. and Roach, P.D. 2018. The effects of drying conditions on bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity of the Australian maroon bush, Scaevola spinescens. Journal of Food Processing and Preservation, 42 (10): 323-338.
Omidbaigi, R. 2010. Approaches to production and processing of medicinal plants. Beh nashr Press, 347p.
Papoutsis, K., Pristijono, P., Golding, J.B., Stathopoulos, C.E., Bowyer, M.C., Scarlett, C.J. and Vuong, Q.V. 2017. Effect of vacuum-drying, hot air-drying and freeze-drying on polyphenols and antioxidant capacity of lemon (Citrus limon) pomace aqueous extracts. International Journal of Food Scenic and Technology, 52: 880–887.
Qin, R.L., Lv, C.N., Zhao, Y.D., Yu, Y. and Lu, J.C. 2017. Assessment of phenolics contents and antioxidant properties in Cimicifuga dahurica (Turcz.) Maxim during drying process. Industrial Crops & Products, 107: 288-296.
Rozdar, F., Azizi, M., Ghani, A. and Davari Nejad, CH. 2014. Effect of different drying methods on drying time and some phytochemical properties of Mentha (Mentha piperita ). Journal of Horticultural Science, 28(3): 407-415.
Saifullah, M.D, Mc-Cullum, R., Mc-Cluskey, A. and Vuong, Q. 2019. Effects of different drying methods on extractable phenolic compounds and antioxidant properties from lemon myrtle dried leaves. Heliyon, 5 (12): e03044.
Salehi, P., Asghari, B., Esmaeili, M. A., Dehghan, H., and Ghazi, I., 2013. α-Glucosidase and α-amylase inhibitory effect and antioxidant activity of ten plant extracts traditionally used in Iran for diabetes.Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 7(6): 257-266.
Shahdadi, F., Mirzaie, H.A., Maghsadllo, Y., Ghorbani, and Daraie garme khani, A. 2011. Effect of drying process on the phenolic-compounds content and antioxidant activity of two varieties of date-palm fruit Kaluteh and Mazafati. (Phoenix ductylifera), Journal of Nutrition Sciences and food industry Iran, 6(3): 67-74.
Soysal, Y. (2004). Microwave drying characteristics of parsley. Biosystems Engineering, 89(2), 167-173.
Soysal, Y., Oztekin, S. and Eren, O. 2006. Microwave drying of parsley: modelling, kinetics, and energy aspects. Biosystems Engineering, 93(4): 403- 413.
Tabrizi, L., Dezhban, F., Mostofi, Y. and Moridi Farimani, M. 2015. Variability of physical and phytochemical criteria of pot marigold (Calendula offıcinalis) flowers under different drying methods and plant nutrient source. Iranian Journal of Horticultural Science, 46(2): 243-258.
Vega-Galvez, A., Scala, K.D., KLemus-Mondaca, R., Miranda, M., Lopez, J. and Perez-Won, M. 2009. Effect of airdrying temperature on physico-chemical properties, antioxidant capacity, colour and total phenolic content of red pepper (Capsicum annuum var. Hungarian). Food Chemistry, 117(4): 647- 53.
Yaneva, Z.L., Simeonov, E.B. and Ivanova, D.G. 2020. In vitro Ultraviolet-B radiation mediated antioxidant response of Bulgarian Goldenrod (Solidago virgaurea) extract. Bulgarian Chemical Communications, 52: 33-40.
