Controlling root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne javanica) by the nematophagous fungus Arthrobotrys oligospora and salicylic acid and study of some plant defense responses

Subject Areas : دو فصلنامه تحقیقات بیماریهای گیاهی

حدیث Mostafanezhad ¹ , نوازاله Sahebani ² , Sh Nourinejhad Zarghani ³

1 - دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد گروه گیاهپزشکی، پردیس ابوریحان، دانشگاه تهران
2 - دانشیار گروه گیاهپزشکی، پردیس ابوریحان، دانشگاه تهران
3 - استادیار گروه گیاهپزشکی، پردیس ابوریحان، دانشگاه تهران

Received: 2017-06-10 Accepted : 2017-06-10 Published : 2013-07-23

Keywords: Phenolic compounds, Meloidogyne javanica, Arthrobotrys oligospora, control, peroxidise, polyphenol oxydase, Salicylic acid,

Abstract :

In this study, the ability of nematode-trapping fungus Arthrobotrys oligospora and
salicylic acid (SA) were examined to control root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne javanica, in
the laboratory and greenhouse conditions. Also changes of polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and
peroxidase (POX) enzymes and total phenolic compounds accumulation in different
treatments were studied. In greenhouse studies, we used leaf spraying of SA (5 mM) and soil
drenching of A. oligospora (106 spore/ml) at six-leaf stage of the plants, separately and in
combination. After 50 days of inoculation, diameter of the galls, number of galls and number
of egg masses per individual plant, number of eggs per individual egg mass, root and foliage
fresh weights were recorded. The data were analyzed in completely randomized design and
subjected to analysis of Duncan’s multiple range test (p60.05). The results showed that
combined application of A. oligospora and SA were more effective compared to individual
application of them. Study of changes in PPO, POX enzymes activities and total phenolic
compounds accumulation showed that treatment with these factors caused increase in enzyme
activities and also accumulation of total phenolics which shows induction of plant defense
system.

References:

1. Cavalcanti F, Resende M, Carvalho C, Silveira J and Oliveira J. 2006. Induced defence responses and protective effects on tomato against Xanthomonas vesicatoria by an aqueous extract from Solanum lycocarpum infected with Crinipellis perniciosa. Biological Control 39: 408–417.


2. Cayrol JC, Djian C and Pijarowski L. 1989. Study of the nematicidal properties of the culture filtrate of the nematophagous fungus Paecilomyces lilacinus. Revue de Nématologie 12: 331–336.


3. Chen C, Belanger RR, Benhamou N and Paulitz TC. 2000. Defense enzymes induced in cucumber roots by treatment with plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) and Pythium aphanidermatum .Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology 56: 13–23.


4. Concellón A, Añón MC and Chaves AR. 2004. Characterization and changes in polyphenol oxidase from eggplant fruit (Solanum melongena L.) during storage at low temperature. Food Chemistry 88: 17–24.


5. Daly J, Ludden P and Seevers P. 1971. Biochemical comparisons of resistance to wheat stem rust disease controlled by the Sr6 or Sr11 alleles. Physiological Plant Pathology 1: 397–407.


6. Duponnois R, Mateille T and Gueye M. 1995. Biological characteristics and effects of two strains of Arthrobotrys oligospora from Senegal on Meloidogyne species parasitizing tomato plants. Biocontrol Science and Technology 5: 517–526.


7. Eisenback JD. 1985. Diagnostic characters useful in the identification of the four most common species of root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp). pp. 95-112. In JN Sasser and CC Carter (eds). An advanced treaties on Meloidogyne. Vol 1: Biology and control. USA: North Carolina State University Graphics.


8. Jamshidnezhad V, Sahebania N and Etebariana H. 2013. Potential biocontrol activity of Arthrobotrys oligospora and Trichoderma harzianum BI against Meloidogyne javanica on tomato in the greenhouse and laboratory studies. Archives of Phytopathology and Plant Protection 46: 1632–1640.


9. He C and Wolyn D. 2005. Potential role for salicylic acid in induced resistance of asparagus roots to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. asparagi. Plant Pathology 54: 227–232


10. Hussey R and Barker K. 1973. A comparison of methods of collecting inocula of Meloidogyne spp., including a new technique. Plant Disease Reporter 57: 1025–1028.


11. Katoch R, Mann APS and Sohal BS. 2005. Enhanced enzyme activities and induction of acquired resistance in pea with elicitors. Journal of Vegetable Science 11:67–83.


12. Kempster VN, Davies KA and Scott ES. 2001. Chemical and biological induction of resistance to the clover cyst nematode (Heterodera trifolii) in white clover (Trifolium repens). Nematology 3: 35–43.


13. Kosuge T. 1969. The role of phenolics in host response to infection. Annual Review of Phytopathology 7: 195–222.


14. Liu T, Li Y, Shi Y, Zhou B, Guo Y, Liu Z and Wen J. 2002. Induced resistance of tobacco to TMV with Non-fungicidal chemical compounds. Journal of Northeast Agricultural University 33: 129–133.


15. Loon LC and Geelen JLMC. 1971. The relation of polyphenoloxidase and peroxidase to symptom expression in tobacco var."Samsun NN" after infection with tobacco mosaic virus. Acta phytopathologica 6: 9–20.


16. Maleki Ziarati H. 2006. Biological control of root-knot nematode Meloidogyne javanica by Trichoderma harzianum and study on changes of some biochemical defence mechanisms in tomato [MSc]. [Tehran (IR)]: Abooreihan campus, Tehran University.


17. Mitchum MG, Sukno S, Wang X, Shani Z, Tsabary G, Shoseyov O and Davis E.L. 2004. The promoter of the Arabidopsis thaliana Cel1 endo‐1, 4‐β glucanase gene is differentially expressed in plant feeding cells induced by root‐knot and cyst nematodes. Molecular Plant Pathology 5: 175–181.


18. Nandi B, Banerjee N, Sukul N, Das P, Sengupta S and Sinha Babu S. 2002. Salicylic acid enhances resistance in cowpea against Meloidogyne incognita. Phytopathologia Mediterranea 41: 39–44


19. Nandi B, Kundu K, Banerjee N and Babu SPS. 2003. Salicylic acid-induced suppression of Meloidogyne incognita infestation of okra and cowpea. Nematology 5: 747–752.


20. Naseri Nasab F. 2011. Biological control of root-knot nematode Meloidogyne javanica and salicylic acid with combination of Trichoderma harzianum BI on tomato [MSc]. [Tehran (IR)]: Abooreihan campus, Tehran University.


21. Odjakova M and Hadjiivanova C. 2001. The complexity of pathogen defense in plants. Bulgarian Journal of Plant Physiology 27: 101–109.


22. Oliveira JTA, Andrade NC, Martins-Miranda AS, Soares AA Gondim DMF, Araújo-Filho JH, Freire-Filho FR and Vasconcelos IM. 2012. Differential expression of antioxidant enzymes and PR-proteins in compatible and incompatible interactions of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) and the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry 51: 145–152.


23. Olthof THHA and Estey RH. 1963. A nematotoxin produced by the nematophagous fungus Arthrobotrys oligospora Fresenius. Nature 197: 514-515.


24. Omranzadeh F. 2008. Induction of resistance to the root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne javanica) in cucumber (Cucumis sativus) by some chemical and microbial inducers [MSc]. [Tehran (IR)]: Abooreihan campus, Tehran University.


25. Pakeerathank K, Mikunthan G and Tharshani N. 2009. Effect of different animal manures on Meloidngyne incognita (Kofoid and White) on tomato. World JournalofAgriculturalSciences 5: 432–435.


26. Raj SN, Sarosh B and Shetty H. 2006. Induction and accumulation of polyphenol oxidase activities as implicated in development of resistance against pearl millet downy mildew disease. Functional Plant Biology 33: 563–571.


27. Reuveni R. 1995. Biochemical Markers as Tools for Screening Resistance Against Plant Pathogens. pp. 21-45, In R Reuveni (ed). Novel Approaches to Integrated Pest Management Boca Raton: CRC Press.


28. Sahebani N and Hadavi N. 2008. Biological control of the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne javanica by Trichoderma harzianum. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 40: 2016–2020.


29. Sarafraz Nico F. 2009. Induction of resistance to the root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne javanica) in tomato by some chemical and microbial inducers and study of some active oxygens and related enzyms [MSc]. [Tehran (IR)]: Abooreihan campus, Tehran University.


30. Sharma P and Pandey R. 2009. Biological control of root-knot nematode; Meloidogyne incognita in the medicinal plant; Withania somnifera and the effect of biocontrol agents on plant growth. African Journal of Agricultural Research 4: 564–567.


31. Sikora RA and Fernandez E. 2005. Nematode Parasites of Vegetables. pp. 319–392, In M Luc, R. A. Sikora and J. Bridge (eds). Plant parasitic nematodes in subtropical and tropical agriculture. UK: CAB International.


32. Silva HSA, Romeiro RDS, Macagnan D, Halfeld-Vieira BDA, Pereira MCB and Mounteer A. 2004. Rhizobacterial induction of systemic resistance in tomato plants: non-specific protection and increase in enzyme activities. Biological Control 29: 288–295.


33. Simon S. and Anamika A. 2011. Management of root knot disease in rice caused by Meloidogyne graminicola through nematophagous fungi. Journal of Agricultural Science 3: 122–127.


34. Simons TJ and Ross A. 1970. Enhanced peroxidase activity associated with induction of resistance to tobacco mosaic virus in hypersensitive tobacco. Phytopathology 60: 383–384.


35. Singh UB, Sahu A, Singh RK, Singh DP, Meena KK, Srivastava JS and Renu Manna MC. 2012a. Evaluation of biocontrol potential of Arthrobotrys oligospora against Meloidogyne graminicola and Rhizoctonia solani in Rice (Oryza sativa L.). Biological Control 60: 262–270.


36. Singh UB, Sahu A, Sahu N, Singh R, Prabha R, Singh DP, Sarma B and Manna M. 2012b. Co-inoculation of Dactylaria brochopaga and Monacrosporium eudermatum affects disease dynamics and biochemical responses in tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) to enhance bio-protection against Meloidogyne incognita. Crop Protection 35: 102–109.


37. Singh UB, Sahu A, Sahu N, Singh RK, Renu S, Singh DP, Manna MC, Sarma BK, Singh HB and Singh KP. 2012c. Arthrobotrys oligospora‐mediated biological control of diseases of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) caused by Meloidogyne incognita and Rhizoctonia solani. Journal of Applied Microbiology 114: 196–208.


38. Singleton VL, Orthofer R and Lamuela-Raventos RM. 1999. Analysis of total phenols and other oxidation substrates and antioxidants by means of folin-ciocalteu reagent. Methods in Enzymology 299: 152–178.


39. Valette C, Andary C, Geiger J, Sarah J and Nicole M. 1998. Histochemical and cytochemical investigations of phenols in roots of banana infected by the burrowing nematode Radopholus similis. Phytopathology 88: 1141–1148.


40. Veenhuis M, Nordbring-Hertz B and Harder W. 1985. An electron-microscopical analysis of capture and initial stages of penetration of nematodes by Arthrobotrys oligospora. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 51: 385–398.


41. Vivekananthan R, Ravi M, Ramanathan A, Kumar N and Samiyappan R. 2006. Pre-harvest application of a new biocontrol formulation induces resistance to post-harvest anthracnose and enhances fruit yield in mango. Phytopathologia Mediterranea 45: 126–138.


42. Williamson VM. 1999. Plant nematode resistance genes. Current Opinion in Plant Biology 2: 327–331.


43. Yao H and Tian S. 2005. Effects of a biocontrol agent and methyl jasmonate on postharvest diseases of peach fruit and the possible mechanisms involved. Journal of Applied Microbiology 98: 941–950.


44. Zheng Y, Wang SY, Wang CY and Zheng W. 2007. Changes in strawberry phenolics, anthocyanins, and antioxidant capacity in response to high oxygen treatments. LWT-Food Science and Technology 40: 49–57.