Using Conocarpus erectus Tree pruning Residue for Paper product
Subject Areas :
waste
ahmad azizi mossello
1
,
Pejman Rezayati-Charani
2
,
ّFarshid Mehri
3
1 - Assistant professor, Department of Cellulose Engineering, Faculty of Natural Resources, Behbahan Khatam Alanbia University of Technology, Iran. *(Corresponding Author)
2 - Associate professor, Department of Cellulose Engineering, Natural resources faculty, Behbahan Khatam Alanbia University of Technology, Behbahan, Iran.
3 - MS. Master graduate student, Department of Cellulose Engineering, Natural resources faculty, Behbahan Khatam Alanbia University of Technology, Behbahan, Iran.
Received: 2019-03-16
Accepted : 2019-10-28
Published : 2022-01-21
Keywords:
Pulp and Paper,
Conocarpus pruning,
Chemical properties,
Lignocellulosic residue,
Abstract :
Background and Objective: Due to raw materials shortage for lignocellulosic industries, and cultivating Conocarpus erectus tree in the country due to its significant growth rate and adaptation to the country's climatic conditions, the use of its pruning residues can be considered as an alternative raw material.Material and Methodology: The Conocarpus erectus pruning residues were divided into three groups: 1- leaf, 2- branch, and 3- branch-leaf. Then the chemical composition and morphological properties were measured. Afterward, these residues were cooked by soda method and from the obtained pulps, laboratory handmade papers were made and to end, the properties of resulting pulps and the handmade papers were evaluated.Findings: The results showed that different parts of the Conocarpus residues have completely different properties, so that the leaves with the highest content of extractives, lignin and ash and lowest amount of cellulose and hemicellulose gave pulp with lowest screened yield and highest kappa number that was not suitable for paper production due to very low freeness and high drainage time. In contrast, the branch with the highest amount of cellulose and hemicellulose and lowest amount extractive materials, lignin and ash produced pulp with highest screened yield, freeness and lowest kappa number and drainage time. Also, in Compared to leaf- branch, pulp from branch produced paper with higher thickness, light scattering coefficient and tear but lower tensile and appear density.Discussion and Conclusion: In general, leaves and branches residue of Conocarpus compared to other lignocellulosic materials such as wheat straw and bagasse, which is widely used in the pulp and paper industry, due to qualitative properties reasons are not suitable in pure form for use in pulp and paper industries but are recommended to evaluation as the mixing with the recycled pulp.
References:
Azizi-Mossello, A. 2018. Green products in the wood and paper industry. The First National Conference on Sustainable Development in The First National Conference on Sustainable Development in Agriculture and Natural Resources, Focusing on Environmental Culture, Tehran. (In Persian)
Chavooshi, A., Bahmani, A.A., Darijani, A., Mootab Saei, A, Mehrabi, E., Gholipour, M., 2012. The role of wood and paper industries management of Iran in sustainable development. J. of Conservation and Utilization of Natural Resources.Vol. 1, pp.79-95.
Atabati, H., Azadfar, D. Andmajdabadi, A., 2018. The comparison of the abilities of leucocephala Leucenana, Conocarpus erectus, and Lawsonia inermis in Phytoremediation and absorption of Cs and Sr. J. of Environmental Science and Technology. DOI: 10.22034/jest.2018.16690.2527.
Nascimento, D.K., Souza, I. A., Oliveira, A.F.D., Barbosa, M.O., Santana, M.A., Pereira Junior, D.F., Lira, E.C., Vieira, J.R., 2016. Phytochemical screening and acute toxicity of aqueous extract of leaves of Conocarpus erectus Linnaeus in Swiss Albino Mice. Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências.Vol.88, pp. 1431-7.
Chaharazi, M. 2016. Can Conocarpus be the cause of contamination? [Online]. Iran: Iranian Students News Agency (ISNA). Available: https://www.isna.ir/news/95080201486/%D8%A2% [Accessed 2019].
Kaur, D., Bhardwaj, N.K., Lohchab, R.K., 2018. Environmental Aspect of Using Chlorine Dioxide to Improve Effluent and Pulp Quality During Wheat Straw Bleaching. Waste and Biomass Valorization, pp.1-9.
Al-Mefarrej, H. A., Abdel-Aal, M. A. and Nasser, R. A., 2013. Chemical evaluation of some lignocellulosic residues for pulp and paper production. American-Eurasian J Agric Environ Sci, 13, pp.498-504.
Wise, L.E., Murphy, M., D'Adieco, A., 1946. A chlorite holocellulose, its fractionation and bearing on summative wood analysis and studies on the hemicelluloses. Paper Trade J. Vol 122, pp. 35-43.
Young, R.A., 1997. Processing of agro-based resources into pulp and paper. Paper and Composites from Agro-based Resources. CRC Press/Lewis Publishers, New York, pp.137-245.
Franklin, G.J.N., 1945. Preparation of thin sections of synthetic resins and wood-resin composites, and a new macerating method for wood. Vol 155,pp. 51.
Azizi Mossello, A., Ainun, Z.M.A., Rushdan, I., 2009. Chemical, morphological, and technological properties of Malaysian cultivated kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) fibers. Kenaf Biocomposites, Derivatives and Economics, Bandar Baru Seri Petaling, Kuala Lumpur: Pustaka Prinsip Sdn. Bhd.
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Samriha, A., 2010. Chemical analysis of bagasse used by Pars Paper Company, in National Symposium on Chemical Engineering. Islamshahr, Iran. (In Persian)
Saraeian, A.R., Karimi, A.N., Jahan Latibari, A., 2004. Evaluation of Chemical Composition of Various Parts of Wheat Stalk. Vol 56, pp. 447-460.
Rodríguez, A., Moral, A., Serrano, L., Labidi, J., Jiménez, L., 2008. Rice straw pulp obtained by using various methods. Bioresource technology. Vol 99, pp. 2881-2886.
Rezayati-Charani, P., Mohammadi-Rovshandeh, J., 2005. Effect of pulping variables with dimethyl formamide on the characteristics of bagasse-fiber. Vol 96, pp.1658-1669.
Biermann, C.J., 1996. Handbook of pulping and papermaking. Elsevier. 783.
Xu, F., Liu, C.F., Geng, Z.C., Sun, J.X., Sun, R.C., Hei, B.H., Lin, L., Wu, S.B., Je, J., 2006. Characterization of degraded organosolv hemicelluloses from wheat straw. Polymer Degradation and Stability. Vol 91, pp.1880-1886.
Enayati, A.A., Hamzeh, Y., Mirshokraiei, S.A., Molaii, M., 2009. Papermaking potential of canola stalks. Vol 4, pp. 245-256.
McKendry, P.J.B.t., 2002. Energy production from biomass (part 1): overview of biomass. Vol 83, pp. 37-46.
Mohta D.C., Roy, D.N., Whiting P.,2004. Refiner mechanical pulp from kenaf for newsprint manufacture. J Tappi journal.Vol3, pp.9-14.
Clark, D.J.A., 1978. Pulp technology and treatment for paper.
Azizi Mossello, A.A., Harun J, Resalati, H., Ibrahim, R., Shams, S.R.F., Tahir, P.M.J.B.,2010. New approach to use of kenaf for paper and paperboard production.Vol 5, pp. 2112-22.
Seth, R.S.J.S. 2001. The difference between never-dried and dried chemical pulps.Vol 1.
Villar, J.C., Revilla, E., Gómez, N., Carbajo, J.M., Simón, J.L., 2009. Improving the use of kenaf for kraft pulping by using mixtures of bast and core fibers. Industrial crops and products.Vol 29, pp. 301-7.
TAPPI Standards,T425 om-06, 2006. Opacity of paper (15/d geometry, illuminant A/2*, 89% reflectance backing and paper backing).TAPPI Press. Atlanta, GA.
_||_
Azizi-Mossello, A. 2018. Green products in the wood and paper industry. The First National Conference on Sustainable Development in The First National Conference on Sustainable Development in Agriculture and Natural Resources, Focusing on Environmental Culture, Tehran. (In Persian)
Chavooshi, A., Bahmani, A.A., Darijani, A., Mootab Saei, A, Mehrabi, E., Gholipour, M., 2012. The role of wood and paper industries management of Iran in sustainable development. J. of Conservation and Utilization of Natural Resources.Vol. 1, pp.79-95.
Atabati, H., Azadfar, D. Andmajdabadi, A., 2018. The comparison of the abilities of leucocephala Leucenana, Conocarpus erectus, and Lawsonia inermis in Phytoremediation and absorption of Cs and Sr. J. of Environmental Science and Technology. DOI: 10.22034/jest.2018.16690.2527.
Nascimento, D.K., Souza, I. A., Oliveira, A.F.D., Barbosa, M.O., Santana, M.A., Pereira Junior, D.F., Lira, E.C., Vieira, J.R., 2016. Phytochemical screening and acute toxicity of aqueous extract of leaves of Conocarpus erectus Linnaeus in Swiss Albino Mice. Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências.Vol.88, pp. 1431-7.
Chaharazi, M. 2016. Can Conocarpus be the cause of contamination? [Online]. Iran: Iranian Students News Agency (ISNA). Available: https://www.isna.ir/news/95080201486/%D8%A2% [Accessed 2019].
Kaur, D., Bhardwaj, N.K., Lohchab, R.K., 2018. Environmental Aspect of Using Chlorine Dioxide to Improve Effluent and Pulp Quality During Wheat Straw Bleaching. Waste and Biomass Valorization, pp.1-9.
Al-Mefarrej, H. A., Abdel-Aal, M. A. and Nasser, R. A., 2013. Chemical evaluation of some lignocellulosic residues for pulp and paper production. American-Eurasian J Agric Environ Sci, 13, pp.498-504.
Wise, L.E., Murphy, M., D'Adieco, A., 1946. A chlorite holocellulose, its fractionation and bearing on summative wood analysis and studies on the hemicelluloses. Paper Trade J. Vol 122, pp. 35-43.
Young, R.A., 1997. Processing of agro-based resources into pulp and paper. Paper and Composites from Agro-based Resources. CRC Press/Lewis Publishers, New York, pp.137-245.
Franklin, G.J.N., 1945. Preparation of thin sections of synthetic resins and wood-resin composites, and a new macerating method for wood. Vol 155,pp. 51.
Azizi Mossello, A., Ainun, Z.M.A., Rushdan, I., 2009. Chemical, morphological, and technological properties of Malaysian cultivated kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) fibers. Kenaf Biocomposites, Derivatives and Economics, Bandar Baru Seri Petaling, Kuala Lumpur: Pustaka Prinsip Sdn. Bhd.
Little E.L., 1984. Common fuelwood crops. A handbook for their identification.
Smook, G.A., 2002. Handbook for pulp & and paper technologists. Angus Wilde Publ.
Samriha, A., 2010. Chemical analysis of bagasse used by Pars Paper Company, in National Symposium on Chemical Engineering. Islamshahr, Iran. (In Persian)
Saraeian, A.R., Karimi, A.N., Jahan Latibari, A., 2004. Evaluation of Chemical Composition of Various Parts of Wheat Stalk. Vol 56, pp. 447-460.
Rodríguez, A., Moral, A., Serrano, L., Labidi, J., Jiménez, L., 2008. Rice straw pulp obtained by using various methods. Bioresource technology. Vol 99, pp. 2881-2886.
Rezayati-Charani, P., Mohammadi-Rovshandeh, J., 2005. Effect of pulping variables with dimethyl formamide on the characteristics of bagasse-fiber. Vol 96, pp.1658-1669.
Biermann, C.J., 1996. Handbook of pulping and papermaking. Elsevier. 783.
Xu, F., Liu, C.F., Geng, Z.C., Sun, J.X., Sun, R.C., Hei, B.H., Lin, L., Wu, S.B., Je, J., 2006. Characterization of degraded organosolv hemicelluloses from wheat straw. Polymer Degradation and Stability. Vol 91, pp.1880-1886.
Enayati, A.A., Hamzeh, Y., Mirshokraiei, S.A., Molaii, M., 2009. Papermaking potential of canola stalks. Vol 4, pp. 245-256.
McKendry, P.J.B.t., 2002. Energy production from biomass (part 1): overview of biomass. Vol 83, pp. 37-46.
Mohta D.C., Roy, D.N., Whiting P.,2004. Refiner mechanical pulp from kenaf for newsprint manufacture. J Tappi journal.Vol3, pp.9-14.
Clark, D.J.A., 1978. Pulp technology and treatment for paper.
Azizi Mossello, A.A., Harun J, Resalati, H., Ibrahim, R., Shams, S.R.F., Tahir, P.M.J.B.,2010. New approach to use of kenaf for paper and paperboard production.Vol 5, pp. 2112-22.
Seth, R.S.J.S. 2001. The difference between never-dried and dried chemical pulps.Vol 1.
Villar, J.C., Revilla, E., Gómez, N., Carbajo, J.M., Simón, J.L., 2009. Improving the use of kenaf for kraft pulping by using mixtures of bast and core fibers. Industrial crops and products.Vol 29, pp. 301-7.
TAPPI Standards,T425 om-06, 2006. Opacity of paper (15/d geometry, illuminant A/2*, 89% reflectance backing and paper backing).TAPPI Press. Atlanta, GA.
