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Open Access Article
1 - Designing an Impact foresight Model on the Development corporate entrepreneurship in Small and Medium companies of Iran
zeeya RashvandBackground: Considering the increasing and future developments is one of the most important factors in any organization. The accurate knowledge of the future promotes the development and development of the various parts of each organization, especially from the perspect MoreBackground: Considering the increasing and future developments is one of the most important factors in any organization. The accurate knowledge of the future promotes the development and development of the various parts of each organization, especially from the perspective of corporate entrepreneurship. Based on the expansion of competitive space and the growing growth of societies' expectations, rapid environmental transformations and threats, the use of scientific variables of foresight variables with a systematic and correct look to the future is nowadays the focus of attention of most managers and industries. . Purpose: The main purpose of the present research is to investigate the effect of futuristic component on the development of enterprise entrepreneurship in small and medium enterprises. Methods: The present research is applied in terms of the purpose and the method of descriptive-survey information gathering technique and the Structural Equation Modeling Method with Liezel software have been used for factor analysis. The statistical population of the study consisted of 460 members of the scientific community of experts and managers in this field, 210 of whom were selected using the Morgan table. Simple random sampling method. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect information. Findings: All foresight outputs and foresight processes affect the variables of organizational entrepreneurship. Conclusion: Forecasting index has the most impact on the investment variable in small and medium companies of Iran. Therefore, firms should pay particular attention to this issue Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - The Survey of Effective Behavioral Factors on Decision Making of Acceptance the Electronic Commerce, by Managers of SMEs in Tehran
A. Hajiha F.i Ghaffar L. Hajihashemi varnosefadraniinformation technology offers opportunities for creating new business by opening new markets up andintroducing new products and services, but its acceptance encounters with many difficulties, speciallyby small and medium enterprises (SMEs). For example, a survey conduct Moreinformation technology offers opportunities for creating new business by opening new markets up andintroducing new products and services, but its acceptance encounters with many difficulties, speciallyby small and medium enterprises (SMEs). For example, a survey conducted by Verison found that36% of small and medium enterprises established web sites primarily to advertise and promote theirbusiness, compared to 9% who established one to sell or market online. Similarly, in a survey of 444SMEs during 2002, Pratt found that many SMEs were reluctant to conduct transactions online, morethan 80% were only using the Internet to communicate (via e–mail) and gather business information.This means that top managers/owners of SMEs do not realize the strategic value of electroniccommerce to their business or this means that they encounter significant barriers to implementing it.(Cyber Atlas, 2003)The research objective is determining the effective behavioral factors on decision making ofacceptance the electronic commerce by managers of SMEs in Tehran that it’s using the TechnologyAcceptance Model (TAM) and the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). The research focused on thebehavioral intention and it doesn’t measure the actual behavior. The data collected from 226 personsof top managers/owners of SMEs in order to validating research models, then the models evaluatedby Lisrel. The findings of the Davis’ Technology Acceptance Model presented a support to thetheoretical links. Also the findings of the Ajzen’s Theory of Planned Behavior presented a support tothe theoretical links (with the exception of the effect of subjective norm on the behavioral intention toaccept/use the electronic commerce). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Survey Factors of Implementation of Environmental management system(EMS) , ISO 14001by Using Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) (Case study: ARAK SMEs)
Iraj Nouri Peyman Qaffari Abbas MardaniISO 14001 has attracted interest from industry, international organizations and governments around theglobe. ISO14001 standards are designed to help organizations to establish management processes for controllingand improving their environmental performance and for redu MoreISO 14001 has attracted interest from industry, international organizations and governments around theglobe. ISO14001 standards are designed to help organizations to establish management processes for controllingand improving their environmental performance and for reducing the impact of their operations on theenvironment. An empirical study using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) was carried out to find the relativeweights and priorities of these critical success factors and benefitsThe study was carried out in the SMEs ARAK which includes 190 companies; the results of the studyindicate that the critical success factors in the order of importance are as follows: management approach,organizational change, technical aspects, and external and social aspects. The results of the study also indicatethe benefits that can be obtained by the implementation of ISO 14001: improvement in the company’s image andreputation, improvement in company’s processes and profits, improvement in customer loyalty and trust, andimprovement in staff morale and employere employee relations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - investigate the effect of cultural factors on building trust in e-commerce in knowledge-based SMEs
Seyed Rasoul Hoseini Ammar Moghaddas Shargh Mahdi Ghaforifard Ehsan Mohammadi BajgiranThe purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of cultural factors on creating trust in e-commerce in small and medium knowledge-based companies located in Tehran Science and Technology Park. This research is applied in terms of purpose in terms of descriptive-s MoreThe purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of cultural factors on creating trust in e-commerce in small and medium knowledge-based companies located in Tehran Science and Technology Park. This research is applied in terms of purpose in terms of descriptive-survey method. The statistical population of this study is all managers and employees of knowledge-based companies located in Tehran Science and Technology Park. The statistical population of this study includes about 700 people. In this study, 248 employees and managers participated in this study using non-randomly available methods as a statistical sample. In this study, Structural Equation Modeling was used to analyze and test the hypotheses. The results showed that collectivism, avoidance of uncertainty and long-term approach do not have a significant effect on trust in business in small and medium-sized knowledge-based companies. The power gap has a negative effect on e-commerce trust in small and medium-sized knowledge-based companies, and masculinity has a positive effect on e-commerce trust in these companies. It was also found that trust in e-commerce has a positive effect on empowerment, cohesion and benevolence in small and medium-sized knowledge-based companies. Therefore, in order to achieve e-trust, it is recommended that the top level managers of these institutions make decisions in consultation with downstream people and regularly seek the opinion of downstream people in their decisions and have constructive interactions with them. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - The Role of Mediated Experience on the knowledge of the Contemporary Architecture Students of Iran
Parisa AlimohammadiThis article aims to undestanding of Mediated Experience and effect of that on the contemporary architecture students of Iran according to a case study on students of Tehran university and Azad university ( in Tehran) in 2006-2007. With the strong presence of media in MoreThis article aims to undestanding of Mediated Experience and effect of that on the contemporary architecture students of Iran according to a case study on students of Tehran university and Azad university ( in Tehran) in 2006-2007. With the strong presence of media in contemporary life that change the meaning of time and space, people in different fields, because of fast speed, ubiquities, low cost and attraction, obtain major part of their knowledge and experience from medias in scale of the world . Also in Iranian architecture field,with medias, we are faced to a global view which has challenges in itself about tradition and modernity. Generaly this research seeks to know the role of media in learning of architecture students ,that can be seen : major part of the architectural knowledge of student ( in both university) obtain from the media. this knowledge is not deep enough due to lack of enough knowledge to the process of creation, philosophical bases and related cultural and social issues .but medias with high capacity can have a big role in the academic system of Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - Addressing the Dilema Between Collaboration and Privacy in Coworking Spaces
Eric Ondia -
Open Access Article
7 - The Effect of Financing Components on the Structure of Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises in the Petrochemical Industry
Meysam Saniefar Seyed Reza Salehiamiri Mehdi Elyasi Mehran Mokhtari Bayekolaie Seyed Abdollah Sajadijaghargh -
Open Access Article
8 - Social Entrepreneurship as an Instrument to Empowering Small and Medium Enterprises: An Islamic Perspective
Moha Asri Adullah Arif Hoetoro -
Open Access Article
9 - The effect of the key marketing factors on the success of technology-based small and medium sized enterprises
Narges khanderou Tooraj Sadeghi Gholamreza MalekzadehDespite the central role of small and medium-sized businesses in economic development, a high percentage of small businesses fail in the first years of the establishment. The high-tech field because of high affinity to the changing technology and also requires high init MoreDespite the central role of small and medium-sized businesses in economic development, a high percentage of small businesses fail in the first years of the establishment. The high-tech field because of high affinity to the changing technology and also requires high initial investments, firms face with the harder situation. The researchers sought to identify the factors of success or failure of these companies, lack the knowledge and skills of marketing have been introduced as one of the two main reasons for the failure of these companies. Components of effective marketing in the success of small and medium sized companies in Khorasan Science and Technology Park Incubators studied and tested. With this aim, the effect of four components which has the most frequently in researches has been investigated. The focus on the market, customer and competitors, positive image, networking and the unique position as the components of the marketing of the companies and success indicators companies, including the development of science and technology, finance and economic growth as well as organizational growth, were tested. The results of the tests show that focuses impact on scientific and technology development and institutional indicators. Unique proposition only effect on scientific and technology development. Positive images impact on the Financial and organizational indicators and finally networking effect on scientific and technology development and by these led to succeed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - The Impact of Entrepreneurial Marketing on Customer Value with the Role of Market Mediating Orientation both in Small and Medium Size Departments
esmail shabani nejad behnaz forogh nematollahi meysam mohamdrezaeiThe present study tries to explore the impact of entrepreneurial marketing on customer value with the role of market mediating orientation both in small and medium size departments in Alborz province. Statistic population included of 245 managers in small and medium siz MoreThe present study tries to explore the impact of entrepreneurial marketing on customer value with the role of market mediating orientation both in small and medium size departments in Alborz province. Statistic population included of 245 managers in small and medium size companies, using stratified random sampling and Cochran formula, 150 individuals were selected as the sample size. Data was gathered by questionnaire that validity of faculty members and reliability using a composite reliability and Cronbach's alpha confirmed. Data analysis using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with Partial Least Squares (PLS) approach and Smart PLS software conducted. The results indicate a positive and significant impact of entrepreneurial marketing on customer value (0.57), entrepreneurial marketing on marketing orientation (0.90) and marketing orientation on customer value (0.34). And finally, marketing orientation as a mediator in the effect of entrepreneurial marketing on customer value intensity (0.30) influence. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - Investigating the Role of Entrepreneurial Marketing on Innovative Performance: The Effect of Human Capital Mediation (Case Study: Small and Medium-sized Knowledge-Based Companies, Tehran University Science and Technology Park)
Hamid Kakaei Amer Dehghan Mahsa Fotoohi zadeh Alireza Asadzadeh FiroozabadiThe present study aimed to investigate entrepreneurial marketing on innovative performance with the mediating role of human capital. In terms of practical purpose, the research is descriptive-survey in terms of data collection method and quantitative data in terms of da MoreThe present study aimed to investigate entrepreneurial marketing on innovative performance with the mediating role of human capital. In terms of practical purpose, the research is descriptive-survey in terms of data collection method and quantitative data in terms of data collection approach. The statistical population of the study includes managers of small and medium-sized knowledge-based companies in the Science and Technology Park of Tehran University, numbering 180 people. Data analysis was performed using structural equation modeling (SEM) and Smart PLS software. The results obtained from path coefficients and significant coefficients showed that entrepreneurial marketing and human capital have a significant and positive effect on innovative performance. It was also concluded that entrepreneurial marketing has a positive and significant effect on the human capital of companies. Another result of the study showed that human capital can play a mediating role between the relationship between entrepreneurial marketing and innovative performance. The findings of this study indicate that paying attention to entrepreneurial marketing equips small and medium companies with capabilities that can have many results and consequences for companies such as company growth, profitability, increasing market share and increasing innovative performance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - The Role of Innovation Strategies in Strengthening the Products and Services Commercialization in Small to Medium Enterprises (SMEs)
Akbar Mohammadi Behnam Rezaei Asiabar sahar babaeiNowadays, Using from Innovation Strategy is one of the most important tools for improving the products and services commercialization in companies. In this study, the model of innovation strategies has been investigated based on the classification of Fletch et al, 2018. MoreNowadays, Using from Innovation Strategy is one of the most important tools for improving the products and services commercialization in companies. In this study, the model of innovation strategies has been investigated based on the classification of Fletch et al, 2018. Also, The Chen et al, 2009 model about classification on the dimensions of technology commercialization has been used. The research has been done with an exploratory approach and based on structural equation modeling with SmartPLS3 software. In this study designed Questionnaires were answered by 112 experts and managers from knowledge-based and medium-sized firms. The results indicated that Product Innovation Strategy and Process Innovation Strategy is positively, significantly influence to Products and Services Commercialization accelerated paths. In addition, the findings revealed that these Strategies are significant predictors of Market Development. Also, the findings showed that, product innovation strategies, unlike process innovation strategies, can’t have a positive and significant impact on Technological Scope in product and process commercialization. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - Surveying the Impact of Entrepreneurial Orientation and Marketing Information on the Performance of Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises of Markazi Province
H. Farahani R. Sha′abani H. GhafariPurpose: In the competitive environment today responding the customers changing needs and having appropriate performance among competitors of the group depends on having correct information and paying attention to entrepreneur in the companies. The purpose of the presen MorePurpose: In the competitive environment today responding the customers changing needs and having appropriate performance among competitors of the group depends on having correct information and paying attention to entrepreneur in the companies. The purpose of the present research is to investigate Title:The effective factors on companies’ performances with regard to entrepreneurial and marketing information factors in small and medium companies. Methodology: The present research is caustic research in terms of method and nature; and in terms of performance it is surveying and in terms of aims it is applicable and uses structural equation modeling and LISREL software for investigating the relationships between the parts of model. Population in this research consists of the managers and sale experts of the small and medium companies of Markazi Province in the year 1390. To reach the purposes of the research 270 questionnaires were distributed among managers and sale experts of small and medium companies of Markazi Province, and among these 229 questionnaires were analyzed. Findings: The results of data analysis showed that entrepreneurial orientation have meaningful impact on attaining marketing information, utilization of market information and company’s performance. Also the hypothesis of the impact of attaining marketing information on the company’ performance was proved but the hypothesis of the impact of utilizing market information on the company’s performance was not supported. Research Limitations: Among the limitations of this research distribution of respondents in the surveying companies can be mentioned that slowed down the process of distributing and collecting the questionnaires. Managerial Implications: At the end managers are suggested to utilize the market information and provide the required backgrounds in attaining marketing information, which provide the necessary grounds in the way of progress and increase performances of the companies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - تعیین عناصر معدنی دو گونه مرتعی در مراحل مختلف فنولوژیک در مراتع استان یزد
علی بمان میرجلیلی قدرت الله حیدری -
Open Access Article
15 - Response of semi-empirical and AB initio methods to angle strain and conjugation effects in (Z,Z,Z)-Cycloocta-1,3,5-triene
Issa Yavari Hassan Kabiri-Fard -
Open Access Article
16 - An Ab Initio SCF-MO Study of Conformational Properties of (Z)- Cyclooctene
Issa Yavari Hassan Kabiri-Fard -
Open Access Article
17 - Sociological explanation of the effect of social capital on economic development of Hormozgan province
mohammad ashineh soroush fathi Tahmoures Shiri Hedayat Allah NikkhahConsidering the importance of social capital in recent decades and its influential role on economic development, the purpose of this study is to explain the sociological impact of social capital on economic development in Hormozgan province. The statistical population o MoreConsidering the importance of social capital in recent decades and its influential role on economic development, the purpose of this study is to explain the sociological impact of social capital on economic development in Hormozgan province. The statistical population of the present study includes 13 cities of Hormozgan province that the sample size is the total number of cities.The method of data collection was through secondary analysis and the use of existing data in the Management and Planning Organization of Hormozgan Province. To review economic development data, statistical yearbooks and to measure the amount of social capital and its indicators, land management data of Hormozgan province have been used and data analysis using software spss is done.To measure economic development, four indicators of employment rate, unemployment, economic participation and barter have been used. The results show that Bandar Lengeh has the highest level of economic development and Abu Musa and Minab have the lowest level of development. In addition, based on inferential statistics, it can be said that there is an inverse relationship between social capital and economic development; That this inverse relationship is due to strong links between the cities under study; And according to the theory of weak links, intra-group links lead to underdevelopment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
18 - A model for commercialization of products and services in developing countries - Cased study: Companies based in Pardis innovation park.
Taha Ebrahimnazari Karim Hamdi Mahdi Irannejad PariziUntil recently, scientists and researchers in the universities refused the commercialization of academic research, and their main mission was merely the production of knowledge without reversing its application in the field of industrial production. It continued until k MoreUntil recently, scientists and researchers in the universities refused the commercialization of academic research, and their main mission was merely the production of knowledge without reversing its application in the field of industrial production. It continued until knowledge emerged as a unique source of competitive advantage. Today, universities have shown a great desire to commercialize academic research, and commercialization of intellectual property has become the institutional goal of many academic systems.Commercialization plays an important role in introducing the products and services of knowledge- intensive companies to the market in order to generate economic benefits. Therefore, the present research aims to prioritize the factors affecting the commercialization of products in knowledge- intensive companies based in Pardis Technology Park (aka Iran Silicon Valley) using FAHP technique. In order to achieve this goal, a comprehensive overview of literature related to the current research, opinions, and comments of 82 experts and elites has been used to achieve results.The results of this research show that technological factors are the most important factor in the commercialization of products and services. Also, the sub-factors of research and development capacity, management commitment, government support, and competitive strategy have been the most important factor from the experts’ point of view. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
19 - Identifying the Factors Influencing Activity of Technology-Based Small and Medium Sized Enterprises in the Services Field for the Disabled (Case Study: The Urban Management of Tehran)
Farhad Rahbar Ayatollah Momayez Shaghayegh Mohammadi -
Open Access Article
20 - A Model for Commercialization of Products and Services in Developing Countries (Cased of Study: Companies based in Pardis Innovation Park)
Taha Ebrahim Nazari Karim Hamdi Mehdi Irannezhad PariziUntil recently, scientists and researchers in the universities refused the commercialization of academic research, and their main mission was merely the production of knowledge without reversing its application in the field of industrial production. It continued until k MoreUntil recently, scientists and researchers in the universities refused the commercialization of academic research, and their main mission was merely the production of knowledge without reversing its application in the field of industrial production. It continued until knowledge emerged as a unique source of competitive advantage. Today, universities have shown a great desire to commercialize academic research, and commercialization of intellectual property has become the institutional goal of many academic systems. Commercialization plays an important role in introducing the products and services of knowledge- intensive companies to the market in order to generate economic benefits. Therefore, the present research aims to prioritize the factors affecting the commercialization of products in knowledge- intensive companies based in Pardis Technology Park (aka Iran Silicon Valley) using FAHP technique. In order to achieve this goal, a comprehensive overview of literature related to the current research, opinions, and comments of 82 experts and elites has been used to achieve results. The results of this research show that technological factors are the most important factor in the commercialization of products and services. Also, the sub-factors of research and development capacity, management commitment, government support, and competitive strategy have been the most important factor from the experts’ point of view. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
21 - Designing the Sustainability Model of Agricultural Small and Medium-Size Businesses in Kermanshah Province
leila sharafi Roohollah Rezaei Ali Asghar Mirakzadeh Esmaeel KaramidehkordiThis qualitative study was carried out with aim to design the model of sustainability of agricultural small and medium-sized businesses in Kermanshah province. The statistical population of this study consisted of the experts and key informants in Kermanshah province of MoreThis qualitative study was carried out with aim to design the model of sustainability of agricultural small and medium-sized businesses in Kermanshah province. The statistical population of this study consisted of the experts and key informants in Kermanshah province of which 20 persons were selected using the purposive sampling method and snowball technique. Semi-structured interviews were used to collect data. The data collection process was continued until reaching theoretical saturation or usefulness threshold of available information. The software of MAXQDA 11 was used to analyze the data. The results of the study showed that the main dimensions of the sustainability of agricultural small and medium-sized businesses were economic sustainability (including financial performance, self-reliance and financial independence, customer and market performance, and innovation and business development), social sustainability (including social communications and interactions, social responsibility and mutual social trust) and environmental sustainability (including sustainable and healthy production, conservation and optimal utilization of environmental resources and waste management). Additionally, the results of the study indicated that the main factors affecting the sustainability of agricultural small and medium-sized businesses in Kermanshah province were intra-organizational factors (including family and personal factors of the manager, marketing factors, economic-financial factors, production factors and product characteristics, factors related to business characteristics and communication and information factors) and extra-organizational factors (including political-legal, infrastructural-supportive and factors related to extension interventions). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
22 - The Attitude of Owners and Managers of Agricultural SMEs toward ICT Application in Environmental Education (Case Study: Kermanshah and Ilam provinces)
عبدالحمید Papzan حسین Mahdizadeh زهره Motamedinia -
Open Access Article
23 - Evaluation of Enzymatic changes in cholestasis index and TGF-β expression in cholestatic rat's liver were treated with ethanolic extract of Epimedium
فاطمه Karimi, پژمان Mortazavi, A. Asghari,Liver fibrosis is one of the chronic and common diseases that is associated with increased production of excess collagen in the liver by star-shaped cells with increased TGF-β expression. Induction of cholestasis is one way which caused to liver fibrosis. The aim o MoreLiver fibrosis is one of the chronic and common diseases that is associated with increased production of excess collagen in the liver by star-shaped cells with increased TGF-β expression. Induction of cholestasis is one way which caused to liver fibrosis. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the antifibrotic effect of Epimedium extract on liver cholestasis induced by bile duct ligation (BDL) in rats. In this study, 40 male Wistar rats weighing 200-250 g were used. The rats were divided into 8 groups of 5, including healthy control, 3 healthy experimental were treated with doses of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg of Epimedium extract, BDL group and 3 BDL were treated with mentioned doses. The rats were treated via intragastric gavage for 45 consecutive days (once per day). After 45 days, Alkalin phosphatase serumic level was measured after rats anesthesia and their serum isolation. Also, the rat's liver was fixed, colored and then evaluated via using the common immunohistochemical method with TGF-β antibody.The results showed a significant increase in serum levels of ALP enzyme and an increase in TGF-β expression in BDL group. Dose-dependent Treatment with Epimedium extract was able to improve these changes significantly. The results of this study showed that Epimedium extract probably improves the serum level of ALP enzyme by increasing the stability of cell membranes and also reduces the production and deposition of collagen in the liver by inhibiting the activation of stellar cells and inhibiting TGF-β expression. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
24 - Designing a Model for Sustainable Development of Industrial Clusters
Ahmad Jafarnejad Mansour Momeni Ali Morovati Shariabadi Mohammad Karimi ZarchiBackground and Objectives: The industrial clusters are a group of enterprises and related organizations in a particular area, which are geographically close and have relevance with each other. Industrial clusters have an important role in economic development both MoreBackground and Objectives: The industrial clusters are a group of enterprises and related organizations in a particular area, which are geographically close and have relevance with each other. Industrial clusters have an important role in economic development both at the national and regional levels. This paper aims to present a native model for sustainable cluster development. Method: In this research, the "Grounded Theory" method has been used. The required data has been collected through a theoretical sampling method and a semi-structured interview with Cluster Development Agents (CDA(. Meanwhile, the number of research samples was 18. Findings: In this research, a native model is presented for the sustainable development of industrial clusters. After collecting the research data, three coding steps were performed including open coding, axial coding and selective coding. The proposed model has 7 main dimensions and 25 sub-dimensions, and their relationships in the model are based on causal relationships. Discussion and Conclusion: The results of research show that sustainable development of industrial clusters should be carried out continuously and comprehensively and in the process of development, in addition to economic factors, environmental and social factors must be considered. The proposed model has a multidimensional and multidimensional approach to the development of industrial clusters and can be used by development agents in order to achieve sustainable development. In developing the present model, the business climate and the conditions for the development of industrial clusters in Iran have been considered. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
25 - The Role of Mediated and Environmental Experience of the Contemporary Architecture Educating in Iran
Seied Gholamreza Eslami Gholamhossein Memarian Parisa AlimohammadiOne of the results of contemporary modernity is a strong presence of media in daily life. Scholars see this process from different aspects and the issue which is widely accepted by them is the deep influence of media on people. This influence and experience which is a m MoreOne of the results of contemporary modernity is a strong presence of media in daily life. Scholars see this process from different aspects and the issue which is widely accepted by them is the deep influence of media on people. This influence and experience which is a mediated experience، due to its fast nature and mass information، cannot be a deep experience and it reduces the direct effect of environment. This issue which can shape the relationship between the human and environment in the area of architecture is very important and at the first stage training about it is very vital. Contemporary architecture has a global view and challenges such as tradition and modernity in Iran and the education system of it contains a lot of compulsory and fundamental differences with the past. Because of fastness، easiness، low costing and attraction of media big majority of students use it and get influenced by it. So because of the mentioned reasons this question is asked "What is the role of media in architecture education and environmental experiment for students?" Based on the above isuues a research was done amongst 250 students of Tehran and Islamic Azad university of Tehran in the year of 85-86. The results showed that major part of their architectural knowledge is gained via media which is not deep enough. This recognition is weak as there is no deep knowledge about philosophy of architecture and its related cultural and social issues which causes a weak and inefficient environmental experiment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
26 - Attempt in order to Micropropagation of Linden In vitro
Kamal Ghasemi Bezdi Vahideh Payamnour Mostafa Mehrdad Akram AhmadiBackground and: Linden is one of threatened species in north of Iran that form very small percentage of the northern forests. Since the linden seeds are facing with germination problems such as with dual physiological (the embryo) and mechanical (hard cover pericarp) do MoreBackground and: Linden is one of threatened species in north of Iran that form very small percentage of the northern forests. Since the linden seeds are facing with germination problems such as with dual physiological (the embryo) and mechanical (hard cover pericarp) dormancy that application such as tissue culture can be effective in planting, restoration and conservation of genetic resources. Method: This study was carried out in order to determine the most suitable explants and the best hormone combination to optimize micropropagation of linden in vitro. Explants were collected and cultured randomly from the best individual of linden from Gorgan Touskaestan forest. Findings: In light of results, from the eleven tested explants, stem containing terminal buds with scale were selected as the most suitable explants and IBA 0.1 mg/l was selected as the most appropriate medium hormonal combination in shoot regeneration. Discussion and Conclusion: Obtained data were analyzed with a completely randomized design by MSTATC software. It is hoped that the achieved results can be reproduced and be helpful in tissue culture research and also the molecular basis studies Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
27 - Design financing model Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) with (DANP) approch
Bizhan Nosrati Barandagh Abas Toloei Eshlaghi Ehsan Sadeh Zeinolabedin Amini SabeghThe purpose of this paper is to design small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) financing model. The present research is distinct from other papers published on SMEs financing in that it identifies financing criteria using fuzzy screening (FC), considers the relations, MoreThe purpose of this paper is to design small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) financing model. The present research is distinct from other papers published on SMEs financing in that it identifies financing criteria using fuzzy screening (FC), considers the relations, and weighs these criteria using Decision Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory model based on Analytic Network Process (DANP). Statistical population and sample included 23 senior experts of SMEs industries, senior managers of banks, and university professors familiar with the concepts of SMEs financing. The results indicated that 8 dimensions and 20 criteria were identified using FC and expert opinions. Moreover, the results of DANP method showed that attracting new members is the most important criterion of SMEs financing, and loan rate from procuration and proprietary sources of banks is ranked the second. The other criteria were also weighed and ranked. Considering the causal relationships of criteria showed that revaluation of assets is the most effective criterion, and bank loan growth rate is the most affected criterion in SMEs financing. The research findings can enhance decision making and decision taking in financial performance improvement, and experts can be provided with optimal financing practices so as to develop the economy of Iran and growth these enterprises. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
28 - The effects of MHD flow of third grade fluid by means of meshless local radial point interpolation (MLRPI)
S. Abbasbandy E. Shivanain -
Open Access Article
29 - MHD boundary layer heat and mass transfer of a chemically reacting Casson fluid over a permeable stretching surface with non-uniform heat source/sink
B. J. Gireesha‎ B. Mahanthesh‎ M. M. Rashidi‎ -
Open Access Article
30 - Investigation of Soliton phenomena for laser transfer in optical fibers and its application in tissue treatment
zahra mahmoodzadeh zarandi parviz zobdehAbstract:Human skin has three-layer non-homogeneous tissue. The thermal and physical properties of each layer including Epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis are different from each other. In treatment procedures, laser source intensity is adjusted based on thermal amount w MoreAbstract:Human skin has three-layer non-homogeneous tissue. The thermal and physical properties of each layer including Epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis are different from each other. In treatment procedures, laser source intensity is adjusted based on thermal amount which produced in each skin layer; furthermore, intensity control, optimization, and prediction of pulse shape before the interaction with tissue, is very important. Since, during the Laser-tissue irradiation, tissue temperature increases, and so uncontrollable temperature enhancement causes thermal harm on tissue.In this research, the Solitons general equation was considered. In order to having a predefined Gaussian shape of output laser pulse at the end of the transfer medium (optical fiber), numerical calculation was used. Solitons coefficients equation, include the dispersive coefficient, propagation constant, and coefficient of normalized loss has been obtained. The results could be used in determination of laser transfer medium structure, such as kind of material, coefficient of refractive, diameter and longitude length and etc. Recognition of fiber medium helps designers to provide a medium in order to establish Soliton, which input pulses are gained as output at the end of the fiber without any changes in shape. Access to different internal human organs could be possible by flexibility of optical fibers, as an important advantage. It seems, optimum parts determination of transfer medium may provide new horizon in controlled laser therapy. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
31 - Optimization micropropagation of Aloe (Aloe littoralis) medicinal plant native in Iran
آتنا بیانی farah farahani زهرا نورمحمدی طاهر نژاد ستاریAloe (Aloe littoralis) is important clinically and economically. This plant is native in Iran and natural and traditional of proliferation is very slow, in the result, needs of medicinal industry do not prepare. Aloe (A. littoralis) can proliferate from micropropagation MoreAloe (Aloe littoralis) is important clinically and economically. This plant is native in Iran and natural and traditional of proliferation is very slow, in the result, needs of medicinal industry do not prepare. Aloe (A. littoralis) can proliferate from micropropagation technique rapidly. The subject of project is micropropagation of Aloe (A. littoralis) native in Iran. The terminal and axillary buds of explants cultured on media culture, MS with BAP (0.5 , 1, 2 mg/l) and IAA (0.5 , 1 mg/l). The largest number of shoot (1.25) and the highest length of shoot (1.13 cm) produced on MS medium culture with BAP (2 mg/l) and IAA (0.5 mg/l), the largest number of leaves (1.25) and root (2.32) and the highest length of root (4.66 cm) produced on MS medium culture with BAP (0.5 mg/l) and IAA (0.5 mg/l). Aloe micropropagation used low concentration of hormones, mother plants are native in south of Iran region, medicinal properties are common with aloe vera (Aloe barbedensis). In the results, cost of production is low and is better economically. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
32 - Optimization of lipase enzyme activity and variables of fermentation conditions containing grape juice substrate in Aspergillus niger culture medium
Nima Zargaran Reza Habibipour Narges GhobadiObjective: Lipase enzyme is one of the important enzymes in food, detergent and textile industries. Also, today, industries related to this enzyme such as processing of organic materials, synthesis of biosurfactants, beverages and cosmetic, pharmaceutical and food indus MoreObjective: Lipase enzyme is one of the important enzymes in food, detergent and textile industries. Also, today, industries related to this enzyme such as processing of organic materials, synthesis of biosurfactants, beverages and cosmetic, pharmaceutical and food industries have expanded significantly. In this regard, the aim of the current research is to optimize the activity of lipase enzyme and the variables of fermentation conditions containing grape juice substrate in Aspergillus niger culture medium. Materials and methods: In this research, for the first time, in order to achieve the maximum activity of the enzyme in the culture medium containing the carbon source of grape juice, the effective variables in the fermentation process of Aspergillus niger, i.e. temperature, acidity, concentration of grape juice and nitrogen source (yeast extract-peptone) with the help of Design Expert software was optimized. Findings: The acidity equal to 7.5, the amount of concentration of grape juice and the combination of yeast extract and peptone (with a ratio of two to one) were obtained with 1.5 and 0.75%, respectively. Lipase activity after optimizing the conditions of the culture medium was equal to 17.694 U/ml. Conclusion: Aspergillus niger records significant lipase activity in the culture medium with the factors of temperature, concentration of grape juice and yeast extract and peptone in its optimal amount and acidity equivalent to 7.5. Therefore, the carbon and nitrogen sources used in this research are suitable sources for use in the culture medium of this microorganism to produce lipase enzyme. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
33 - Evaluation of morphological and biochemical traits in seedlings of four early and late potato cultivars in vitro
Farah Farahani Maliha Talebi Taher BarzegarObjective: Considering the importance of potato in the economy and human nutrition, the need to produce healthy seeds through tissue culture in order to increase the quality of the tuber and ultimately maintain the yield of the product is noticeable. In this regard, the MoreObjective: Considering the importance of potato in the economy and human nutrition, the need to produce healthy seeds through tissue culture in order to increase the quality of the tuber and ultimately maintain the yield of the product is noticeable. In this regard, the aim of the present study is to evaluate the morphological and biochemical traits in the seedlings of four early and late potato cultivars under in vitro conditions.Materials and methods: Four commercial varieties of potato were cultivated as single-node microspecimens in MS culture medium without any plant growth regulators. Seedlings grew after 5 weeks. Seedlings were evaluated in terms of morphological traits (number of seedlings produced from one seedling, stem length, number of branches, nodes, roots and micro-gland) as well as biochemical traits (chlorophyll a, b, carotenoid, anthocyanin, catalase enzyme activity and polyphenol oxidase enzyme activity).Findings: In morphological traits, late cultivar Satina, number of seedlings and stem length, and early cultivar Sante showed more roots than other cultivars. In the study of biochemical traits, the late cultivar Agria was superior to other cultivars in terms of the amount of pigments and catalase enzyme.Conclusion: In the same vegetative conditions, different cultivars have different potential in vegetative and biochemical traits. The growth pattern of different genotypes is determined by the synthesis of food and different levels of internal hormones and the balance between them, and as a result, they give different responses to the conditions of the culture environment. The present study showed that in the same vegetative conditions, the early cultivars of Satina in terms of vegetative traits and Agria in terms of the amount of pigments can be selected for mass cultivation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
34 - Investigation of some Difficult Lines by Famous Poets
Mir-Esmaei Qazi Shirazi -
Open Access Article
35 - H6P2W18O62: A Green and Reusable Catalyst for the One-pot Three-Component Synthesis of Spirooxindoles in Water
Zahra Lasemi Ebrahim Mehrasbi -
Open Access Article
36 - Numerical Study of Coupled Non-Gray Radiation and Separation Convection Flow in a Duct using FSK Method
Meysam Atashafrooz Seyyed Abdolreza Gandjalikhan Nassab Khosro Lari -
Open Access Article
37 - Buckling Analysis of Orthotropic Annular Graphene Sheet with Various Boundary Conditions in an Elastic Medium
Hamed Vahabi Mohammad Esmaeil Golmakani Ismaeil Mobasher -
Open Access Article
38 - In-vitro propagation of Pluchea lanceolata (DC) C.B.Clarke a potent antiarthritic medicinal herb through axillary bud
Satendra Singh Ritu Mishra Rajneesh Agnihotri -
Open Access Article
39 - The Evolution of EMI Research in European Higher Education
Alireza Sabzehparvar Kaveh Jalilzadeh -
Open Access Article
40 - Rigidity and Irregularity Effect on Surface Wave Propagation in a Fluid Saturated Porous Layer
R.K Poonia D.K Madan V Kaliraman -
Open Access Article
41 - Three Dimensional Thermal Shock Problem in Magneto-Thermoelastic Orthotropic Medium
S Biswas S. M Abo-Dahab -
Open Access Article
42 - Dispersion of SH-Wave in a Heterogeneous Orthotropic Layer Sandwiched Between an Inhomogeneous Semi-Infinite Medium and a Heterogeneous Elastic Half-Space
R.M Prasad S Kundu -
Open Access Article
43 - Finite Crack in a Thermoelastic Transversely Isotropic Medium Under Green-Naghdi Theory
S.K Panja S.C Mandal -
Open Access Article
44 - Electro-Thermo-Dynamic Buckling of Embedded DWBNNT Conveying Viscous Fluid
A Ghorbanpour Arani M Hashemian -
Open Access Article
45 - Axi-Symmetric Deformation Due to Various Sources in Saturated Porous Media with Incompressible Fluid
R Kumar S Kumar M.G Gourla -
Open Access Article
46 - Levy Type Solution for Nonlocal Thermo-Mechanical Vibration of Orthotropic Mono-Layer Graphene Sheet Embedded in an Elastic Medium
M Mohammadi A Farajpour M Goodarzi R Heydarshenas -
Open Access Article
47 - Nonlocal Vibration of Embedded Coupled CNTs Conveying Fluid Under Thermo-Magnetic Fields Via Ritz Method
A Ghorbanpour Arani S Amir -
Open Access Article
48 - Effect of Magnetic Field and a Mode-I Crack 3D-Problem in Micropolar Thermoelastic Cubic Medium Possessing Under Three Theories
Kh Lotfy Y Yahia -
Open Access Article
49 - Rayleigh Wave in an Initially Stressed Transversely Isotropic Dissipative Half-Space
B Singh -
Open Access Article
50 - Buckling Analysis of a Double-Walled Carbon Nanotube Embedded in an Elastic Medium Using the Energy Method
A Ghorbanpour Arani M Shokravi M Mohammadimehr -
Open Access Article
51 - Nonlocal DQM for Large Amplitude Vibration of Annular Boron Nitride Sheets on Nonlinear Elastic Medium
A Ghorbanpour Arani R Kolahchi S.M.R Allahyari -
Open Access Article
52 - Third Order Formulation for Vibrating Non-Homogeneous Cylindrical Shells in Elastic Medium
M Gheisari H Molatefi S.S Ahmadi -
Open Access Article
53 - Closed-form Solution of Dynamic Displacement for SLGS Under Moving the Nanoparticle on Visco-Pasternak Foundation
A Ghorbanpour Arani A Shiravand S Amir -
Open Access Article
54 - Torsional Waves in Prestressed Fiber Reinforced Medium Subjected to Magnetic Field
R Kakar S Kakar -
Open Access Article
55 - Transference of SH-Waves in Fluid Saturated Porous Medium Sandwiched Between Heterogeneous Half-Spaces
S.A Sahu S Chaudhary P.K Saroj A Chattopadhyay -
Open Access Article
56 - Dynamic Behavior of Anisotropic Protein Microtubules Immersed in Cytosol Via Cooper–Naghdi Thick Shell Theory
M.R Ghorbanpour Arani Z Khoddami Maraghi E Haghparast -
Open Access Article
57 - Technology Assessment Model with Dynamic Capabilities Approach in Small and Medium Enterprises
Mohsen Peyvasteh Feridooni Tahmoores Sohrabi Nosratoollah Shadnoush -
Open Access Article
58 - Business Environment: Designing and Explaining the New Environmental Hostility Model in Small and Medium Enterprises
Bijan Rezaei Sohrab Delangizan Atieh Khodaei -
Open Access Article
59 - Identifying the Components and Indicators of Social Marketing in Small and Medium Businesses with a Resistance Economy Approach
Seyedeh Shima Ekhlasmand Majid Fattahi Shahram Salavati -
Open Access Article
60 - The Effect of Green Human Resources Management in the Resilience Cconomy in Small and Medium Companies (Case Study: Eshtehard Industrial park)
Ali Saeidi Talab Morteza Ghasemi Ehsan Sadeh ZeinolAbedin Amini Sabegh -
Open Access Article
61 - Measuring the Readiness of Small and Medium-sized Enterprises to Enter E-Commerce
Abbass Toloie Ashlaghi Reza Radfar Naghei Shoja Farshid FarokhizadehGiven the growing importance of small and medium-sized enterprises and the role that e-readiness and e-commerce development have in reducing their costs and expanding their operations, evaluating e-readiness status for entering e-commerce field is important in SMEs. The MoreGiven the growing importance of small and medium-sized enterprises and the role that e-readiness and e-commerce development have in reducing their costs and expanding their operations, evaluating e-readiness status for entering e-commerce field is important in SMEs. Therefore, the design of e-readiness assessment models is appropriate to the internal and environmental conditions of organizations and communities with the aim of measuring their e-readiness level and without assessing the electronic readiness of the organization, the activity in the world of the impossible network or its barriers will be very high. In this paper, while introducing a brief overview of the proposed models for assessing e-readiness and their classification, the factors influencing the e-readiness of SMEs in order to enter the e-commerce field have been investigated and identified with a meta-integration approach. Then, in order to better understand the variables that affect this relationship and understand the existing dynamics, using a modeling of system dynamics approach and drawing causal loop diagrams (CLD), was introduced an e-readiness assessment model for SMEs to enter the e-commerce field and finally, simulation was carried out by Vensim software. The two major scenarios of increasing advertising and system quality were evaluated and analyzed as model levers. The simulation results indicate a positive impact of system quality and advertising on the e-readiness of firms, with the difference, the impact of system quality on e-readiness of firms is more than the impact of advertising on increasing e-readiness. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
62 - Provide a model for the success of investment in small and medium industries using Structural-Interpretive Modeling (ISM) Approach
Hoseyn Vafaeibasir Mansour Esmaeilpour Masoumeh Ahmadishoja Hossein Jafari Mozhgan AkbariThe aim of this study is to identify the factors and provide a pattern that can lead to successful investment in small and medium industries and show a way for industrial entrepreneurs to enter this important economic field with more awareness. This research is a qualit MoreThe aim of this study is to identify the factors and provide a pattern that can lead to successful investment in small and medium industries and show a way for industrial entrepreneurs to enter this important economic field with more awareness. This research is a qualitative research based on interviews with 15 industrial experts in the public and private sectors. After conducting interviews and initial coding using content analysis, out of 215 initial codes, 5 main categories of specific research Using the structural-interpretive modeling (ISM) approach, these categories were classified at different levels and the relationships between them were revealed. The results showed that 5 general groups of factors including: managerial factors, entrepreneur-related factors, production-related factors, market factors and environmental factors are involved in the success of small and medium industries, which according to the entrepreneur-related factors research model in the lowest Surface is in fact the cornerstone of the model and environmental factors play an intermediate role between the three levels of the model. This research will help small and medium industry managers to think of better measures to reduce investment risk and pave the way for growth. Industrial and increase employment in the country smoother. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
63 - presenting the financing model for small and medium industries and examining the problems and solutions
Sadegh Rezaei Monfared Seyed Javad Iranban Reza Radfar Ali HajihaAbstractFinancing has always been one of the main challenges of creating and developing start-up businesses and small economic industries. Therefore, the purpose of the current research is to identify and present a model for financing small and medium industries with th MoreAbstractFinancing has always been one of the main challenges of creating and developing start-up businesses and small economic industries. Therefore, the purpose of the current research is to identify and present a model for financing small and medium industries with the approach of evaluation laboratory and decision test based on the process of interpretive structural modeling and Fuzzy Dimetal. This article deals with the design of different scenarios in the financing of small and medium enterprises. For this reason, taking into account the previous studies and the fuzzy screening method, a dynamic model has been developed to extract effective factors on the financing of small and medium enterprises and to specify the cause-effect circles. Then, using structural modeling technique and Fuzzy Demetall, relationships and levels between them, the amount of influential and influential coefficients have been determined and included in the model, finally, in order to test the accuracy of the model and determine the behavior of state and rate variables, we collected Information from 30 small and medium-sized enterprises has been requested to know the new methods of financing in a period of 12 months, which was evaluated by analyzing the behavior of the variables in the framework of the model, as well as the sensitivity analysis, and the validity of the designed dynamic model. The results showed that small and medium enterprises can benefit from the designed model and scenarios for optimal financing of their business. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
64 - Study Barriers to Implementation of Industrial Clusters in the State of East Azerbaijan
Alireza Bafandeh Zendeh Amir Bairami HajilariThe current study has been conducted to evaluate barriers to implementing industrial clusters in East Azerbaijan province. In order to achieve the above objective, 3 questions were raised. The research method has been Descriptive and the statistical population included MoreThe current study has been conducted to evaluate barriers to implementing industrial clusters in East Azerbaijan province. In order to achieve the above objective, 3 questions were raised. The research method has been Descriptive and the statistical population included all managers of small and medium-sized enterprises and industrial clusters of East Azerbaijan province that includes five clusters: Tabriz leather shoes, car parts, furniture, appliances and Tabriz stone. The statistical sample was determined by using Cochran formula and Stratified Random Sampling, which were 334. A questionnaire was used to collect data that assessed and verified the reliability and validity. Radio test, Kruskal–Wallis test and Friedman test was used to analyze the data. The results show barriers to implementation of industrial clusters are on the 3 areas: Development factor, Supporter institutions, and Cluster members. The studies revealed all three areas are equally important. Also, Kruskal-Wallis test results show that there is the difference between the barriers to implementing cluster in different groups. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
65 - Identifying the factors affecting the information technology model in entrepreneurial small and medium businesses with an emphasis on organizational agility Case study: small and medium businesses in Fars province
mehrdad rezaee tamoures sohrabi mehdi karimi zandThe impact of using information technology in the era of innovation economy is a challenge that most organizations are not successful in doing and over time, due to focusing too much on success, and forgetting the need to be agile, they lose their ability. Therefore, or MoreThe impact of using information technology in the era of innovation economy is a challenge that most organizations are not successful in doing and over time, due to focusing too much on success, and forgetting the need to be agile, they lose their ability. Therefore, organizations need to be aware of their IT capability as a dynamic capability through its measurement. The purpose of this research is to identify the factors affecting the information technology model in small and medium entrepreneurial businesses with an emphasis on organizational agility. Research is practical in terms of purpose. The statistical population of this research is managers of small and medium entrepreneurial companies. The research tool includes a researcher-oriented questionnaire. Form validity and content validity were used to check the instrument's validity.The results showed that the value of the significance coefficient t related to the relationship between the main variables of the generating factors, the central phenomenon, strategies and actions, consequences, the variables of the background conditions and the components of the moderating variable at the 95% confidence level is greater than 1.96. The case indicates the significance of the influence of the variables defined in the research. Therefore, all variables are identified as main variables. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
66 - The effect of knowledge management maturity on the performance of smart businesses (Case study: small and medium enterprises of information technology in Fars province)
Mohammad Ahmadi alihossein keshavarzi hassan mehrmanesh mehdi karimizandThe aim of this study was to investigate the effect of knowledge management maturity on the performance of smart businesses in small and medium information technology companies in Fars province. The statistical population included managers, experts and employees of IT c MoreThe aim of this study was to investigate the effect of knowledge management maturity on the performance of smart businesses in small and medium information technology companies in Fars province. The statistical population included managers, experts and employees of IT companies in 90 companies, of which 40 companies were identified and selected by simple random sampling.Initially, using the Asian Productivity Organization questionnaire with 65 questions, a total of 80 questionnaires were distributed among the statistical population and 78 completed questionnaires were analyzed. Then, using the Delphi method, interviews were conducted with 6 knowledge experts. Chi-square, De Summers and regression tests were used to analyze the data. Analysis of the findings showed that the performance of the seven criteria of knowledge management, respectively, knowledge management results, 45.6%, knowledge processes, 44.5%, leadership, 50.6%, processes, 44.6%, People, 50.6%, technology, 26%, learning and innovation, 52.6%. In designing knowledge maturity model of smart management and business with organizational performance approach in the studied companies, such as strengthening and applying indicators to assess the impact of knowledge initiatives, optimizing operating costs of production and services, creating a culture of critical perspective, learning processes New design of key systems and processes to create value for customers and achieve performance excellence has also been approved. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
67 - Determining the Priority of Factors Affecting the Participation of Small and Medium Businesses in Open Innovation Activities
Shima Mesaeli Younos Vakil AlroaiaObjective: While open innovation in some circumstances is detrimental to a number of SMEs, many have benefited from the use of open innovation strategies around the world. Therefore, the main purpose of this research is providing a developed model of moderating factors MoreObjective: While open innovation in some circumstances is detrimental to a number of SMEs, many have benefited from the use of open innovation strategies around the world. Therefore, the main purpose of this research is providing a developed model of moderating factors affecting SMEs' degree of participation in open innovation activities.Method: In this regard, an appropriate model was defined by studying the literature about effective factors on the degree of SMEs' participation in open innovation activities according to Iran’s situation. In the second stage, after selecting a sample of 60 SMEs in Iran, in order to quantitatively testing the model, the data were collected by a questionnaire and were analyzed with the help of Smart PLS software. In the third stage, the relative importance of factors was tested from the perspective of 10 experts in the field of open innovation along with experienced managers of the SMEs with more than 15 years of work experience with the help of ANP and PROMETHEE methods. Results: The results showed that these factors include the parameters: Product Characteristics, Inter-organizational Factors, and Environmental Factors. Conclusion: The most important factors include Product Characteristics. Finally, several implications were made according to Iran’s conditions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
68 - Analysis of Factors Affecting Information and Communication Technology (ICT) Development in Entrepreneurial Business (Case Study: Agricultural Small and Medium Enterprises in Zanjan Province)
Mohamad Neisari Asef Karimi Mahmood Ahmadpour Daryani Background: One of the main strategies to develop entrepreneurial small and medium businesses in the agricultural sector is the use of information and communication technology. For this reason, identifying factors influencing the development of ICT i More Background: One of the main strategies to develop entrepreneurial small and medium businesses in the agricultural sector is the use of information and communication technology. For this reason, identifying factors influencing the development of ICT in entrepreneurial businesses is more important. Purpose: The main purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of entrepreneurial orientation on the performance of small and medium businesses by the mediation process of knowledge creation. Methodology: The statistical population of the study consisted of managers of agricultural small and medium enterprises in Zanjan province out of which 96 managers determined as sample using Cochran Formula and proportionate stratified sampling technique. The data were collected by a questionnaire developed for the study and were analyzed by SPSS and LISREL software. The validity of the questionnaire was approved by a panel of experts. In order to measure the reliability of the questionnaire, Cronbach Alpha coefficients were calculated (0.93). To identify the components of factors affecting information and communication technology development in entrepreneurial businesses, exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was applied. Additionally, in order to investigate the fitting indexes surpasses model, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and structural equations modeling were used. Results: The results showed that factors affecting information and communication technology development are formed in five factors including: infrastructure, support, psychological, educational skill and technical consulting that explained about 68.39 percent of variations. Conclusions: The one important conclusion of this study was that information and communication technology has fundamental role in entrepreneurial business development in the agricultural sector. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
69 - The Influence of Entrepreneurial Orientation on Business Performance by the Mediation Process of Knowledge Creation (Case Study: Small and Medium Businesses)
Asef Karimi Soma RahmaniAbstract Background: Both "entrepreneurial orientation" and "knowledge management" are two notions in modern management having important effect on business performance. Purpose: The main purpose of this study was to inve MoreAbstract Background: Both "entrepreneurial orientation" and "knowledge management" are two notions in modern management having important effect on business performance. Purpose: The main purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of entrepreneurial orientation on the performance of small and medium businesses by the mediation process of knowledge creation. Methodology: The statistical population of this research contained 392managers of small and medium businesses of Qazvin. A sample of 196 Managers was selected with Cochran formula and 230questionnaireswere distributedrandomlyand201questionnaireswere collected. Three types of standard questionnaires of knowledge creation, entrepreneurial orientation and performance were used. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS and LISREL software. Results: The results show the mediating role of knowledge creation (socialization, externalization, combination and internalization of knowledge) in the impact of entrepreneurial orientation component "in novation, risk-taking, leadership, new business, strategic modernization" on performance (growth, productivity and profitability) in businesses. Conclusions: The important conclusion of this study was that entrepreneurial orientation and knowledge creation have fundamental role in business and educational policy. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
70 - The effect of intra-myocardial injection of secretion of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell on Myocardial infarction in male rabbits
narges kakadezfuly maryam naseroleslami nahid aboutalebBackground and Aim: Despite the use of stem cells in the treatment of diseases, especially heart disease, there is a lot of ambiguity about the act of cells and their secretions. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of secretion of bone marrow MoreBackground and Aim: Despite the use of stem cells in the treatment of diseases, especially heart disease, there is a lot of ambiguity about the act of cells and their secretions. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of secretion of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells on myocardial infarction in male rabbits. Materials and Methods: After isolating the stem cells from the bone marrow and preparing the conditioned medium, 30 Male rabbits were randomly divided into three groups(n=10). Myocardial Infarction was induction in two groups and in a group conditioned medium was injected into the hearts of rabbits. Then in the first, fourth and eighth weeks, the heart parameters (HF, EF) were measured by echocardiography and then TNF-α factor was measured in the serum. Heart tissue was removed and the level of angiogenesis and fibrosis were investigated. Results: In the treated group with conditioned medium, the heart parameters (HF, EF) and angiogenesis increased significantly and decrease the level of TNF-α factor and fibrosis was significant in comparison with the Myocardial Infarction group (P<0.05). Discussion: Since the cardiac tissue and its function improved in this research, it seems that the secretion of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells have therapeutic effects on myocardial infarction. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
71 - Design and Analyses of a PWM based Seven Level CascadeCombination Inverter
Mortaza Sefidi Mehdi Jarahi -
Open Access Article
72 - Propose a conceptual model of foresight for the development of corporate entrepreneurship in small and medium enterprises
Zia Rashvand Eynollah Keshavarz Turk Akbar Alam Tabriz Sadegh AbediUndoubtedly, organizations in the business environment are facing increasing changes and complexities today. As a result, to ensure the survival of their organization. They need futuristic foresight to deal with problems and uncertainties of the future environment for p MoreUndoubtedly, organizations in the business environment are facing increasing changes and complexities today. As a result, to ensure the survival of their organization. They need futuristic foresight to deal with problems and uncertainties of the future environment for product development, innovation, and creativity, indeed foresight for the development of corporate entrepreneurship. Therefore, the main purpose of this study is to provide a conceptual model of foresight for the development of corporate entrepreneurship in small and medium enterprises in Iran. This study, in terms of purpose, is considered an applied research and it is qualitative research in terms of the data collection method. The method of study is Meta-synthesis. To do so, 313 papers published between 1990 and 2020 in the best scientific journals are collected. Then papers were manually screened. 35 articles remained which were used for coding and analysis. Then codes were combined and the concepts obtained. The reliability of the concepts was assessed using Gohan's kappa index. Content analysis was also performed with Shannon entropy and the concepts were ranked. In this research, 26 indices were identified and classified. Based on these factors, a comprehensive model in small and medium enterprises in Iran has been presented and validated. The proposed model can address the challenges of small and medium enterprises and create appropriate contexts for the development of entrepreneurial programs and policies by managers, increasing the awareness of relevant industries. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
73 - Presenting the model canvas of small and medium businesses (SMEs) based on the value creation network with a dynamic business modeling approach
Mohsen Mazloumi Jalal Haghighat Monfared Mohammad Reza KabaranzadThe purpose of this research is to develop the strategies of small and medium businesses (SMEs) through redesigning the value creation network (business ecosystem model) with a dynamic business modeling approach. The current research community was formed by professors a MoreThe purpose of this research is to develop the strategies of small and medium businesses (SMEs) through redesigning the value creation network (business ecosystem model) with a dynamic business modeling approach. The current research community was formed by professors and experts in the field of small and medium businesses active in the food industry of Tehran. In this research, the opinions of 15 experts were used using a non-random judgment method. The process of data analysis was done in three stages. Identifying the components of the business model through interviews and using the analysis method; Determining the weight of the factors and the cause-and-effect relationships of the model components, through the questionnaire tool; Representation of the feedback process of the system behavior based on an interconnected network of feedback loops in the form of flow state diagram using system dynamics modeling. Based on this, in the phase of identifying the dimensions and components using theme analysis and during the familiarization phase with the data, the identified speech evidences (86 cases) from the text of the interviews were labeled in the form of 22 primary codes. Then, the initial codes were categorized into nine sub-themes and finally, one main theme. Finally, after modeling using the system dynamics (SD) method, the value creation network was drawn in the form of a flow diagram. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
74 - Design an Entrepreneurship Development Model for Small and Medium Organizations in the Technical and Professional organization
Seyed Mehdi Alvani Forogh RoudgarnezhadThe purpose of this study is to design an entrepreneurship development model for small and medium organizations in the Technical and Professional Organization using a three dimensional model; Breeding Characteristics, Stimulates Motivation and Entrepreneurship Skills an MoreThe purpose of this study is to design an entrepreneurship development model for small and medium organizations in the Technical and Professional Organization using a three dimensional model; Breeding Characteristics, Stimulates Motivation and Entrepreneurship Skills and Knowledge. The sample comprised 260 entrepreneurs at small and medium companies of Technical and Professional Organization of Mazandaran province. Instrumentation included a questionnaire with standard components and the reliability coefficient of 0.91. Data analysis comprised both descriptive and inferential statistics using Wilcoxon test under SPSS software. The results showed that technical and professional training in small and medium organizations influenced entrepreneurship development. Factor analysis was run and the results confirmed the seven factors and supported the whole model of development. Finally, after detailed analysis and interpretation of the results, practical suggestions and recommendations for upcoming research are presented. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
75 - Analyzing the Factors Affecting Qazvin's SMEs' Export Development with MADM Approach
Motreza Mousakhani Amir Hossen Shahravan MehrToday, in most countries of the world, small and medium sized enterprises are playing role of different aspects of social, industrial production and services. In many countries, these enterprises are the main providers of new jobs, the cradle of innovation and leading c MoreToday, in most countries of the world, small and medium sized enterprises are playing role of different aspects of social, industrial production and services. In many countries, these enterprises are the main providers of new jobs, the cradle of innovation and leading change and the pioneered new technologies. These enterprises with their significant export play an affective role in economic development of nations. In addition, the intensity by global competition, increasing in confidence and demand for different products, has led to increasing welcome of these enterprises. The research’s shows moving toward small and medium sized enterprises, is not only optimum and profitable, but is required in the present conditions in this context.This study has been done aimed to assess the factors affecting SME's export development of food industry in Qazvin province. The study population is small and medium sized enterprises in Qazvin province that are active in the food industries. Research method is Survey and data gathering tool is a questionnaire. The main purpose of these tests is the presence or absence of relationship between dependent and independent variables in the form of research hypothesis. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
76 - Design an Entrepreneurship Development Model for Small and Medium Organizations in the Technical and Professional organization
Mohamad Mahdii Mozafar Majid KavosiThe purpose of this study is to design an entrepreneurship development model for small and medium organizations in the Technical and Professional Organization using a three dimensional model; Breeding Characteristics, Stimulates Motivation and Entrepreneurship Skills an MoreThe purpose of this study is to design an entrepreneurship development model for small and medium organizations in the Technical and Professional Organization using a three dimensional model; Breeding Characteristics, Stimulates Motivation and Entrepreneurship Skills and Knowledge. The sample comprised 260 entrepreneurs at small and medium companies of Technical and Professional Organization of Mazandaran province. Instrumentation included a questionnaire with standard components and the reliability coefficient of 0.91. Data analysis comprised both descriptive and inferential statistics using Wilcoxon test under SPSS software. The results showed that technical and professional training in small and medium organizations influenced entrepreneurship development. Factor analysis was run and the results confirmed the seven factors and supported the whole model of development. Finally, after detailed analysis and interpretation of the results, practical suggestions and recommendations for upcoming research are presented. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
77 - Effects of strategic values of e-commerce on adopting e-commerce in food industry SMEs at Qazvin
Ali Badizadeh Sahar ErshadThe purpose of this research is to determine the effects of strategic values of e-commerce on adopting e-commerce in Qazvin SMEs, food industry. This research, regarding the purpose is applied and regarding the information and data collection method is descriptive-surv MoreThe purpose of this research is to determine the effects of strategic values of e-commerce on adopting e-commerce in Qazvin SMEs, food industry. This research, regarding the purpose is applied and regarding the information and data collection method is descriptive-survey, that the need information gathered through library studies by note taking and the need data gathered through fieldwork studies by questionnaire. The statistical populations were the managers of small and medium-size companies of food industry, that by using the Morgan table, 194 samples studied through simple random sampling method proportionate to the intra-cluster size. For data analysis, about demographic used the descriptive statistic and about hypothesizes test used the inferential statistic. The results showed, the enterprise support variable with the 0.79 factor has the most effect on strategic values of e-commerce and the perceived usefulness variable with the 0.70 factor has the most effect on e-commerce adoption. In addition, strategic values of e-commerce variable with the 0.87 factor have positive and meaningful effects on its adoption. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
78 - The relationship between market orientation and performance with the mediating role of entrepreneurial marketing in small and medium-sized enterprises
Hosein Norouzi Esmail Esmail Shabani Nejad Rzvan Velayati ShokohiThe relationship between market orientation and performance with the mediating role of entrepreneurial marketing in small and medium-sized enterprises in Mazandaran Province iran.The main objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between market orienta MoreThe relationship between market orientation and performance with the mediating role of entrepreneurial marketing in small and medium-sized enterprises in Mazandaran Province iran.The main objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between market orientation and organizational performance with the mediating role of entrepreneurial marketing.The population consisted of small and medium-sized businesses in Mazandaran province. Based on the limited population formula, at the confidence level of 95%, 160 managers were chosen as the sample.To collect data, standardized questionnaires were used .In order to assess the validity and reliability of the questionnaires, Cronbach's alpha and composite reliability were calculated. Data analysis using SPSS version 19 and LISREL version 8.5 with structural equation modeling showed marketing orientation has a significant positive effect on performance, through which 68 percent of the variance is explained .Also, the mediating effect of entrepreneurial marketing in the relationship between market orientation and performance was confirmed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
79 - An Electronic Readiness Assessment Model for More Efficient Electronic Commerce Adoption by Iranian Small and Medium Contractors
Kianoush Naserolmemar Atosa Bayat -
Open Access Article
80 - The barriers and critical success factor for implementing lean manufacturing at SMEs
Mohd Amran Mohd Daril Shazlen Farhana Mohamad Fadeli Mohamad Ikbar Abdul Wahab Khairanum Subari Latipah Nordin Muhammad Imran Queshi -
Open Access Article
81 - The role of cultural capital and class discrimination in forming and compiling music sociologyEmphasizing on Bourdieu, Adorno and Peterson’s views
amirmasuod amir mazaheriThe study of music sociology is an important issue due to many reasons, and it has deep dimensional aesthetic and epistemology.As­the day passes perspective and the procedure of music consumption changes and also the way to receive and apply it, is different due to MoreThe study of music sociology is an important issue due to many reasons, and it has deep dimensional aesthetic and epistemology.As­the day passes perspective and the procedure of music consumption changes and also the way to receive and apply it, is different due to technology progress. Music fills human leisure and loneliness, and sometimes carrying a superior mental world. All of these conceptions indicate that music has been largely mixed with human entity. Among sociologists' opinions, there are seven generations of study about sociology that each examines music sociology in a way. Among these opinions, it can be mentioned that Pierre Bourdieu's was the most impressive one that has opened a new aspect in the study of cultural consumption through developing the concepts such as lifestyle, cultural capital, class reproduction and the most important, discrimination. Present paper based on theoretical principles, and different generations of theorists of music sociology such as Pierre Bourdieu, Theodor Adorno and Richard Peterson. First a preface on music sociology, its problematic dimensions, theoretical discussions and approaches of each of the respective theorists have been provided and in this regard the writer’s approach and outlook in terms of this issue and consequently, conclusions and summation have been addressed. Unlike Bourdieu predictions allowing a particular pattern of consumption in this class, it has been shown that medium class consumers have an art taste and consumption away from aesthetic and epistemology principles. For more exploration in the concepts of Bourdieu’s theoretical popularism framework, an anthropological view to music consumption shows that, diversity in the popularism pattern of music consumption is related to rich class consumers. That is, the type and diversity of rich class consumption in music is more diversified such as other aspects. In other words, higher social classes correlate with various tastes and different applications of techniques that release the consumer from passive modes of music application and this configures various levels of economic, social, cultural capital and structural restrictions of issues. Thus, their interests in music aspects and technological media lead to their consumption. Consequently, a combination of these three capitals results to the perception of common consumption of higher class. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
82 - Optimization of mixotrophic culture medium for maximum production of extracellular polysaccharides and bioactive compounds Aliinostoc oryzae cyanobacteria isolated from saline water of Golestan province
بهاره NowruziAbstractThe synthesis of extracellular polysaccharides in microorganisms, especially cyanobacteria, plays a major role in protecting the cell against many stresses in different habitats. In recent years, cyanobacterial strains belonging to the Nostocaceae family are of MoreAbstractThe synthesis of extracellular polysaccharides in microorganisms, especially cyanobacteria, plays a major role in protecting the cell against many stresses in different habitats. In recent years, cyanobacterial strains belonging to the Nostocaceae family are of interest as acceptable sources for polysaccharide production in liquid and solid suspension cultures. Therefore, in this research, the optimization of culture conditions for maximum production of extracellular polysaccharides and bioactive compounds under the influence of mixotrophic environment by filamentous cyanobacteria isolated from salt water has been studied. In the upcoming study, with the aim of investigating the effective factors in optimizing the production of exopolysaccharides and the effect of the mixotrophic environment, the cyanobacterium Aliinostoc oryzae strain was isolated from the salty waters of Golestan province, and after morphological and molecular identification, the amount of polysaccharide produced and its antimicrobial activity was investigated. The findings indicate that the amount of polysaccharide production from cyanobacteria depends on the conditions of the culture environment. The amount of polysaccharide production of cultures grown in nitrate concentration with concentrations of 0.04 and 0.06 g/ml and in light of 150 microns per square meter per second was significantly higher than the control. Antibiogram tests also showed that there was a significant difference in polysaccharide production in the presence of Staphylococcus aureus in nitrate culture. Investigations of the average production of extracellular polysaccharide extraction also showed a significant difference in different culture environments. Extracellular polysaccharide extracted from cyanobacteria has countless uses in the industry, including the pharmaceutical industry, food industry, and agriculture. Therefore, the optimization of the cyanobacterium culture conditions for the maximum production of polysaccharides appears. Since cyanobacterial exopolysaccharides are important from the point of view of biotechnology, it is important to pay attention to many other factors for maximum exopolysaccharide production in this genus of cyanobacteria. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
83 - Designing a Model for Empowering Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises by Large Industrial Companies in Kerman Province
mehdi amirzadeh Mahnaz Hosseinzadeh Hossein Safari Nowadays, inter-organizational relationships and market expansion through mutual cooperation is gaining ground as an important factor that can increase organizational capabilities and boost organizational expansion. The role of small and medium-sized companies in More Nowadays, inter-organizational relationships and market expansion through mutual cooperation is gaining ground as an important factor that can increase organizational capabilities and boost organizational expansion. The role of small and medium-sized companies in meeting the market needs of large companies is thus a promising topic. The current study set out to design a model for empowering small and medium-sized enterprises based on the capabilities of large companies. To this end, the network of inter-organizational communications was initially identified and analyzed based on Social Network Analysis approach. The central network issues were initially identified and, a model was designed, informed by the strengths and weaknesses of small and medium-sized enterprises, for their empowerment by large companies based on Grounded theory. To serve the purpose of designing the final model, the research data were coded through open, pivotal and selective coding systems. The findings from current study can help the identification and analysis of current collaborative networks and provide a model to enhance these collaborations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
84 - Designing an Employer Brand Model in Small and Medium Industries Using Meta-Synthesis Method: Human Resource Productivity in Focus
Amir Laleh Hosein Gharabiglo Mojtaba Ramazani Soleyman IranzadehThe aim of this study was to design an employer brand model in small and medium industries in Iran. To this end, using Sandlowski and Barroso’s (2007) seven-step method of combining, related categories (dimensions), concepts (components) and codes (indicators) wer MoreThe aim of this study was to design an employer brand model in small and medium industries in Iran. To this end, using Sandlowski and Barroso’s (2007) seven-step method of combining, related categories (dimensions), concepts (components) and codes (indicators) were extracted. The statistical population included a collection of the related articles and studies in the field of employer branding and related concepts. The researchers considered various parameters such as title, abstract, content, and quality of research methodology and based on screening, review and selection from among 218 articles, 60 valid articles were obtained. In order to determine the validity of the meta-synthesis method, Glynn vital evaluation tool was used and to determine its reliability, the inter-rater reliability coefficient was used, which was found to be 0.83. The results revealed that three dimensions including (1) individual development values, (2) organizational values, and (3) social-economic values, play a significant role on the employer brand in small and medium industries of Iran. The results suggest that the proposed model is considered as the most suitable employer brand model in small and medium industries of Iran from cultural, organizational and structural perspectives. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
85 - Designing a Model of the Factors Affecting the Revitalization of Small and Medium-Scale Ailing Food Industries
Rahim Rezaei Banafsheh Massoud Kassaei Alireza MotameniThe purpose of this study was to design a model of the factors affecting the revitalization of small and medium- scale ailing food companies and industries in Ardabil province. To this end, through reviewing the related literature and interviewing experts, first, 97 fac MoreThe purpose of this study was to design a model of the factors affecting the revitalization of small and medium- scale ailing food companies and industries in Ardabil province. To this end, through reviewing the related literature and interviewing experts, first, 97 factors affecting the revitalization of these companies were identified, using the Fuzzy Delphi Method (FDM). Next, through exploratoratory factor analysis, the relationship between the factors was investigated. For this purpose, the factors in 10 demensions were determined and using fuzzy hierarchical analysis, these dimensions were ranked based on the views of 48 managers and senior experts of small and midum-scale food industreis in Ardabil. The results revealed the periorty of economic factors, factors related to infrastructure, factors related to research and development processes, factors related to financial problems, legal and judicial factors, respectively, and factors due to the sanctions, market-related factors, legislation related to work-place, organizing managers and staff, and social and cultural factors were the next priorities. According to the objectives of the research, the clustering of active food industries in Ardabil was done based on the available documents and the relevant industries were divided into five clusters. The effect size of each set of factors in each cluster was determined using multivariate regression method and finally the appropriate revitalization model for each cluster was identified and presented. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
86 - The Effect of the Coronavirus Disease Pandemic on Efficiency with the Mediating Role of Marketing Capabilities and Strategic Orientation: A Case Study of Small and Medium-Sized Businesses of Tehran Province
Dariush Tahmasebi Hashem AghazadeToday, with the rapid spread of the Corona pandemic, problems have arisen for businesses, especially small and medium-sized businesses. On the other hand, marketing capabilities are considered essential in determining the heterogeneous evaluation of product quality for MoreToday, with the rapid spread of the Corona pandemic, problems have arisen for businesses, especially small and medium-sized businesses. On the other hand, marketing capabilities are considered essential in determining the heterogeneous evaluation of product quality for customers, which helps the strategic direction of small and medium-sized businesses in the critical conditions of the Corona pandemic. Hence, the purpose of the current research was to explain the effect of the Corona pandemic on efficiency considering the mediating role of marketing capabilities and strategic orientation. The direction of the research was applied and descriptive in terms of purpose. The statistical population of the research included 2200 managers and senior employees of small and medium-sized businesses in Tehran province, from among whom, a sample of 335 people was recruited using a stratified sampling procedure. A survey method was used for the data collection and PLS method was used for the data analysis. Based on the results, the effect of the Corona disease pandemic on efficiency, marketing capabilities and strategic orientation and the role of strategic orientation on efficiency were confirmed. Moreover, the indirect role of mediating variables of marketing capabilities and strategic orientation in the relationship between the Corona disease pandemic and efficiency was confirmed. However, the effect of marketing capabilities on performance was rejected. This research advises senior managers of small and medium-sized businesses to pay extra attention to strategic orientation and marketing capabilities in order to reduce threats and increase the possibility of survival and take advantage of future opportunities in the post-corona era. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
87 - Introducing Cluster Model for Small & Medium Auto-Parts Manufacturing Enterprises (S.M.Es)
Rasool Hoji Mohammad Pasban The aim of this study was to investigate the structure of small and medium auto – parts manufacturing enterprises and to determine the interrelationship of them, and their relationship with the suppliers, the market and financial institutes and More The aim of this study was to investigate the structure of small and medium auto – parts manufacturing enterprises and to determine the interrelationship of them, and their relationship with the suppliers, the market and financial institutes and creditors, and the scientific research centers in the form of industrial clusters in order to introduce the cluster development model. In this research project, a field research study of a cluster has been done by using various data collection methods such as questionnaires, interviews, observations and objective measurements in order to analyze the value chain of production processes and determine the matrix of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of cluster (SWOT). In continuation of the program, by using cluster modeling tools within UNIDO framework, the proposed cluster model of the auto parts industry for Tabriz was devised and developed. The findings have shown that small and medium enterprises of auto-parts, due to lack of mutual cooperations for producing common products, unavailability of sufficient capital and proper investments and also weak communications and weak business to business relationships, have not been able to take advantage of research programs available for them and this has resulted in diminishing businesses and many bankruptcies. If these enterprises can put their businesses into a healty and effective framework such as cluster strategy models, it would be possible to bring about a healthy situation within 3 to 4 years. The model produced can be easily adapted to many other different clusters. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
88 - Developing trans-institutional networks, the procedure for the use of untapped small and medium instilution (SMEs) capacity: Presenting the grounded data theory
Mohsen Nazari Tahmores Hasangholi pour Gholam reza Soleymani Seyed Mojtaba i Mousavi NeghabPresently, the production capacity of many small and mediuminstitution are untapped. This leads to the reduction of productivity andcompetitive power both at national and institutional level. Thus, theobjective of this study was to codify a model to make use of theseunt MorePresently, the production capacity of many small and mediuminstitution are untapped. This leads to the reduction of productivity andcompetitive power both at national and institutional level. Thus, theobjective of this study was to codify a model to make use of theseuntapped capacities. To do so, the research method of grounded theorywas used. To gather the data, the managers of the institutions and expertswere interviewed. The related documentaries through the three phasic ofcoding i.e. open, axial and selective were analyzed. The result showedthat both national and institutional level factors effected the untappedproduction capacity. Using untapped capacities requires the formationand development of trans-institutional networks, so as the possibility oftransferring untapped capacities to other institutions be provided.Therefore, the national level strategies and support for trans-institutionnetworks and the strategies of industry level should be simultaneouslyimplemented. But the environmental factors such as law and order,economical, cultural, political factors affect the success of usinguntapped capacities. The outcomes of using untapped capacities wouldbe obvious on both macro and micro level, such as creating jobs,avoiding unemployment, and increasing national productivity for macroand on micro-level, cost and benefit for employers and contractors couldbe mentioned Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
89 - The Role of Organizational Culture in the Development of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs)
Soleyman Iranzadeh Davood Noruozi Sadegh BabaeiheraviSmall and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) are nowadays considered as the beating heart of economy and the powerful arm of exports in different countries.That is why these enterprises are very important, and if they prosper and develop, there will be an increase in non-oil exp MoreSmall and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) are nowadays considered as the beating heart of economy and the powerful arm of exports in different countries.That is why these enterprises are very important, and if they prosper and develop, there will be an increase in non-oil exports as well as in social welfare. The purpose of the present resarch is to study the organizational culture effective on small and medium enterprises, and to investigate the differences among the organizational culture indices within these enterprises. The statistical population includes all the managers of small and medium enterprises, from among whom the sample has been taken by using stratified random sampling. In order to collect data,a questionnaire was used ,and its validity and reliability were confirmed by preliminary evaluation and the experts and professors' views. In the next stage, with the use of SPSS software,the mean score for each of the organizational culture indicators was calculated. The t test was used to evaluate the difference between the scores of organizational culture in small and medium enterprises. Ultimately,the relationship between the dimensions of organizational culture in small and medium enterprises was investigated. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
90 - The Effect of Initial Size on the Duration of Small and Medium Manufacturing Enterprises (SMEs)
Houshang Taghizadeh Ghafar TariThe aim of this paper is to investigate the effect of initial size on the duration of small and medium manufacturing enterprises in Iran through 1361-1385. The Industry & Mine Ministry database has been used for data gathering and the data are analyzed using TDA sof MoreThe aim of this paper is to investigate the effect of initial size on the duration of small and medium manufacturing enterprises in Iran through 1361-1385. The Industry & Mine Ministry database has been used for data gathering and the data are analyzed using TDA software. The Kaplan-Meier Product-Limit estimator has been used for exploratory data analysis and the semi-parametric Cox regression model is used to test the hypotheses. The results of this study support the positive and meaningful relationship between initial size and survival. Furthermoer, in this research the survival functions of small and medium firms were compared and we concluded that survival probability of medium firms (with 10 to 99 employees) is greater than that of small firms (with lower than 10 employees). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
91 - Detection of the blood hemoglobin using an electro-optical biosensor based on a structurally chiral medium
Amir Madani Nadia Ghorani Samad Roshan Entezar -
Open Access Article
92 - The Structure of Power in Family and its Effect on Social Participation in Shiraz
Bagher Saroukhani, Leila Doodman -
Open Access Article
93 - Prioritization of factors affecting the development of industrial clusters in small and medium industries with a multi-criteria decision approach
Seyed Ahmad Shayannia Mohammad Reza Lotfi Iman Koravand -
Open Access Article
94 - رهیافت توسعه صنایع کوچک و متوسط در ایران در قالب خوشههای صنعتی
ابوالفضل ریاحیایجاد خوشههای صنعتی بعنوان رهیافتی جهت توسعه صنایع کوچک و متوسط طی سه دهه اخیر مورد توجه صاحبنظران و برنامه ریزان توسعه صنعتی قرار گرفته است. در این رویکرد، هدف این است تا واحدهای صنعتی کوچک و متوسطی که در یک ناحیه جغرافیایی مستقر میباشند از طریق توسعه همکاریها، Moreایجاد خوشههای صنعتی بعنوان رهیافتی جهت توسعه صنایع کوچک و متوسط طی سه دهه اخیر مورد توجه صاحبنظران و برنامه ریزان توسعه صنعتی قرار گرفته است. در این رویکرد، هدف این است تا واحدهای صنعتی کوچک و متوسطی که در یک ناحیه جغرافیایی مستقر میباشند از طریق توسعه همکاریها، در مسیر سیاستهای کلان اقتصادی – صنعتی و منطبق با خواست و منافع فعالان آن هدایت نمود و انجام بسیاری از فعالیتهای صنعتی نظیر مطالعات بازار، طراحی، آموزش و امثالهم که بصورت انفرادی توسط واحدهای کوچک و متوسط امکان پذیر نمی باشد، بصورت مشترک و اقتصادی میسر گردد. ضمن اینکه واحدهای کوچک و متوسط با برقراری ارتباط کاری با تولیدکنندگان بزرگ، میتوانند با تشکیل شبکههای تولیدی و تجمیع آن در قالب خوشههای صنعتی، بتوانند در شتاب بخشیدن به رشد اقتصادی – صنعتی کشور موثر واقع شوند و در افزایش کمیت وکیفیت تولید موثر باشند. در این مقاله ضمن تبیین رویکرد خوشهای در توسعه صنایع کوچک و متوسط، چگونگی اجرای آن در ایران برای صنایع کوچک و متوسط مورد بررسی قرار خواهد گرفت و مزیتهای استفاده از این رویکرد را با ارائه نمونههای موفق در کشورهای دیگر تبیین مینماید Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
95 - A Model of Effective Internal Factors for SMEs’ Performance
Jahangir Yadollahi Farsi Aliakbar Aghajani Mohammad Mahdi Mardanshahi -
Open Access Article
96 - Ranked of Cluster Development Critical Success Factor (CSF) in Iran Industrial Cluster
A. Riahi -
Open Access Article
97 - Advanced Factors Affecting Microalgae Large-Scale Cultivation and Their Effects on Productivity Improvement
Sasan Ghobadian Neda SoltaniPerhaps talking about the use of microalgae species in various fields, global approaches to increase the productivity and شchieving economic superiority alongside لreat environmental benefits وis superfluous.Some of these factors such as illumination conditions, tempera MorePerhaps talking about the use of microalgae species in various fields, global approaches to increase the productivity and شchieving economic superiority alongside لreat environmental benefits وis superfluous.Some of these factors such as illumination conditions, temperature, nutrient concentration, CO2 content and the like have been researched befor. Therefore, in this article, simply review researches that focuses on some less tested factors but with significant effects on increasing culture productivity, especially on a large scale.Therefore, at first, different cultivation environments including fresh water, sea water and sewage for use in mass cultivation are described and compared and the superior species of each environment are introduced. Then different culture methods including photototrophic, heterotrophic, mixotrophic and photothetrophic were compare. Reuse of recycled water for microalgae cultivation process to reduce treatment and pumping costs and related challenges is considered. Finally, the effect of shear stresses (coused by equipments and is a major concern in large-scale cultivation) on cultivation productivity and ways to reduce these effects is considered. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
98 - investigating and identifying the effective factors on human resource management empowerment in small and medium businesses (Case study of industrial towns in Mazandaran province)
maryam taghvaee yazdiنوشتار مبدأ 1348 / 5000 نتایج ترجمه Background and purpose: New approaches to empowerment have been very important and challenging issues in the field of human resource management. The purpose of this study was to identify and investigate new approaches and its impact o Moreنوشتار مبدأ 1348 / 5000 نتایج ترجمه Background and purpose: New approaches to empowerment have been very important and challenging issues in the field of human resource management. The purpose of this study was to identify and investigate new approaches and its impact on human resource management empowerment in small and medium businesses (Case study of industrial towns in Mazandaran province). Method: The research method was correlational. The research was applied in terms of purpose and descriptive in method and nature. The statistical population of this study consisted of all employees, managers and deputies of industrial towns in Mazandaran province (350 people), the statistical sample was 180 people based on Cochran's formula. The sampling method was stratified random. It was a library and field data collection tool. The validity of the questionnaire has been confirmed by professors and experts. In this study, Cronbach's alpha was used to measure reliability. The reliability coefficient of the Human Resources Management Questionnaire was 0.89 and the Empowerment Questionnaire was 0.91. Results: Descriptive and inferential statistical analyzes were used to analyze the research data. To test the hypotheses, the data normality test method, structural equation test were used to test the hypotheses and to examine the relationship between variables with the help of SPSS 20 software. Conclusion: The results showed that new approaches (infrastructure-support, management, information technology, motivation and education) were effective on empowering human resources in small and medium businesses in industrial towns of Mazandaran province. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
99 - Investigating the Impact of Manager Coaching on Staff Training and Motivation (Case Study: Small and Medium Companies in Arak)
Ali Reza Rezaei Mehdi Naghdi mehdi Farahani Ali Safaei Asl Behroz GhobadiThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of manager coaching on staff training and motivation. This research is an applied research in terms of purpose and is in the category of causal research. The study population consisted of operational managers in sm MoreThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of manager coaching on staff training and motivation. This research is an applied research in terms of purpose and is in the category of causal research. The study population consisted of operational managers in small and medium companies in Arak, which was used for sampling Cochran's formula, then with the confirmation of validity by experts in small and medium companies and university professors and the reliability of the questionnaire with Data were collected using Cronbach's alpha test. Using structural equation modeling test (path analysis) with the help of LISREL software to analyze the hypotheses. The results indicate the positive effect of organizational training variables, skills and competencies of managers, compensation system and services on human resource motivation and also the positive effect of variables of skills and competencies of managers and compensation system and services on employee empowerment.Keywords: coaching, employee motivation, training, small and medium companies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
100 - An Investigation on the Effect of Acidithiobacillus Ferrooxidans Bacteria on Biomachining of Titanium Alloy and Copper
Mehrdad Ghani Hamid Soleimanimehr Elham Shirani Bidabadi -
Open Access Article
101 - A Solution for the Security Barrier of the Intelligent Manufacturing with Cloud Computing
Ashidsha Jaleel T.K. Rajendran Lijohn P. George -
Open Access Article
102 - Implementation of Agile Manufacturing Principles in Small and Medium Enterprises (SMES)
Hamid Moradlou Mehrdad Asadi -
Open Access Article
103 - The Role of Tourism in Free Zones and Its Effect on the Development of Medium and Small Surrounding Cities (A Case of Aras Free Zone)
javad Abedi Abash Ahmadlou abbas arghan Naser eghbaliThe tourism economy serves as the most effective stimulus for countries grappling with an inefficient economy, often caused by overreliance on a single product or limited income sources. Tourism development stands out as a key strategy for fostering economic and social MoreThe tourism economy serves as the most effective stimulus for countries grappling with an inefficient economy, often caused by overreliance on a single product or limited income sources. Tourism development stands out as a key strategy for fostering economic and social transformation in regions worldwide, consistently attracting the attention of researchers and planners. Iran’s free and special economic zones offer a wide array of tourism opportunities. One such example is the Aras Free Zone in East Azarbaijan province, which, owing to its temperate climate and diverse tourist attractions, attracts a substantial number of tourists and travelers each year. The statistical population for this research comprised 75 residents of the surrounding areas, as well as city officials and experts. The research data were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney test and Spearman’s correlation coefficient. The results revealed that the following factors (in descending order) have the highest ranks: road and communication infrastructure, access to water, access to residences and guest houses, gas infrastructure, access to sports facilities, access to food and nutrition services, access to suitable communication facilities, setting up exhibitions, access to suitable facilities for leisure, transportation suitable for land and intra-city transportation, and appropriate information and advertising. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
104 - Explaining the Effectiveness of Factores Affecting the Satisfaction of Small and Medium Companies from Electronic Banking Services from the Perespective of Entrepreneurship.
Hadi Ghadimi Hossein Vazifehdust vahid reza mirabiThe present research is an exploratory mixed-method study with a structural-interpretive modeling approach, conducted using a survey method. The qualitative phase data collection tool consisted of semi-structured interviews, and the quantitative phase involved a questio MoreThe present research is an exploratory mixed-method study with a structural-interpretive modeling approach, conducted using a survey method. The qualitative phase data collection tool consisted of semi-structured interviews, and the quantitative phase involved a questionnaire developed from the qualitative interviews. The validity of the research tools was confirmed through expert consultation and university professors' feedback, and their reliability was established through a pilot study, resulting in a questionnaire reliability coefficient of r=0.85, indicating high reliability. In the qualitative section, a targeted sample of 12 experts and stakeholders was selected. In the quantitative section, 60 deputy managers, managers, and experts from small and medium-sized companies in the industrial town of Eshtehard Karaj, who were recipients of banking services, especially digital banking, were selected using cluster sampling. By gathering expert opinions in the structural-interpretive modeling method, themes were identified, and the relationships and sequence of factors were transformed into a model of factors affecting the satisfaction of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) with digital banking services. The results showed 122 primary codes, 28 sub-themes, and 12 main components, including high quality of digital banking products and services, sustainability in digital banking development, operational digital banking system, creating a competitive environment, employee training, customer expectations consideration, creating a distinct product and service in digital banking, market-oriented attention and planning, brand value creation in digital banking, legal compliance in digital banking, observance of social citizenship rights, and stakeholder requirements consideration. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
105 - Financial empowerment strategies in small and Medium Enterprises with a fuzzy Delphi approach
Gholamreza Elahi parviz saeidi Jamadverdi Gorganli Dooji Maryam BokharayanFinancial empowerment strategies in small and Medium Enterprises can be searched in the interdisciplinary topics of management, especially in the field of commercial and industrial management, with an emphasis on market research in businesses. Of course, it is obvious t MoreFinancial empowerment strategies in small and Medium Enterprises can be searched in the interdisciplinary topics of management, especially in the field of commercial and industrial management, with an emphasis on market research in businesses. Of course, it is obvious that the process of choosing financial empowerment strategies is not the same for every investor and small and medium-sized companies, so it is never possible to prescribe the same prescription for everyone and achieve more profit in the same way and succeed in the business market. In this article, an attempt has been made to determine financial empowerment strategies through collective wisdom. Therefore, the Delphi method, which is one of the group decision-making methods, is used. Undoubtedly Identifying financial empowerment strategies in practice brings the possibility of wide-ranging consequences for all stakeholders, including investors, managers and employees, suppliers and customers, as well as customer relationship management, customer satisfaction and complaints, consumer behavior analysis and the purchase decision process. In this thesis, using the research literature and theoretical foundations, empowerment strategies, the background of the research on domestic and foreign studies during the past decade, and then screening and identifying the final indicators of financial empowerment strategies in small and medium-sized companies with the approach Fuzzy Delphi with 63 final questions was conducted in two stages in the form of a questionnaire from experts, and finally the results and suggestions have been presented Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
106 - A Fuzzy VOSviewer Modelling of EMI Research: A Multifaceted Perspective
Han-Kwang Chen -
Open Access Article
107 - The Relationship between Environmental Education and E-Readiness of Owners and Managers of Agricultural Enterprises
Abdolhamid Papzan Hossein Mahdizadeh Zohre MotamediniaThe aim of this paper was to examine the relationship between environmental education and e-readiness of owners and managers of agricultural enterprises in Kermanshah and Ilam provinces. This paper was an applied one in terms of its goal, and a descriptive-correlative i MoreThe aim of this paper was to examine the relationship between environmental education and e-readiness of owners and managers of agricultural enterprises in Kermanshah and Ilam provinces. This paper was an applied one in terms of its goal, and a descriptive-correlative in terms of its method. Participants of this study were 202 owners and managers of agricultural SMEs of Kermanshah and Ilam provinces who have been selected based on stratified sampling method. For gathering data, the researcher-made questionnaire and a modified version of digital Literacy of Washington University was used. The validity was obtained by the ideas of professors of extension and rural development of Razi University. Reliability was assessed by calculating the cronbach alpha. It can also be observed that acceptable values were obtained in all cases. In order to analyze the data, one sample t test, Pearson correlation and multiple regressions was used. Results indicated that digital knowledge and skill and cost-effective of ICT application explained around 22% of the variance of ICT application in environmental education. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
108 - Investigating the Impact of Sociol-Cultural Barriers on Industry Development in Small and Medium Cities of Lorestan Province (with Emphasis on Small and Transformation Industries)
Farshid Garavand Asghar Mohammadi منصور حقیقتیانThis study investigates the impact of social-cultural barriers on industry development in small and medium cities of Lorestan province (with emphasis on small and conversion industries). The method of this survey research is the data collection tool of the questionnair MoreThis study investigates the impact of social-cultural barriers on industry development in small and medium cities of Lorestan province (with emphasis on small and conversion industries). The method of this survey research is the data collection tool of the questionnaire, the statistical population is 12022 people, the sample size is 483 people, the sampling method is available first as a class, then as a quota and finally as a random sample. The theoretical framework is based on the theories of Rosenstein, Ortsley, McClelland, Bourdieu, Coleman, Michael Hashter, Nathan Glaser, David Meyer and Guenon, and the total reliability is 0.7. Findings Based on the results of regression statistical test for each hypothesis, respectively, the variable of migration (-0.537), the existence of ethnic differences (-0.329), the existence of inefficient traditions (-0.151) Lack of incentive to progress (-0.087) have a negative effect on industrial development. Therefore, migration has the greatest effect and lack of motivation for progress has the least effect on industrial development. Also, the reduction of social capital is ineffective in regression weights. So, while confirming the research hypotheses, it is clear that socio-cultural barriers have a negative effect on the development of industry in small and medium cities of Lorestan province (with emphasis on small and conversion industries). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
109 - An Investigation on the Impact of Social-Cultural Barriers of Industry Development in Small and Medium-sized Cities of Lorestan Province (with Emphasis on Small and conversion Industries)
Farshid Garavand Asghar Mohammadi Mansour Haghighatian This study investigated the impact of social-cultural barriers on industry development in small and medium sized cities in Lorestan province, paying special attention to small and conversion industries. Survey research method and a questionnaire More This study investigated the impact of social-cultural barriers on industry development in small and medium sized cities in Lorestan province, paying special attention to small and conversion industries. Survey research method and a questionnaire (reliability = 0.7) were used to collect neede data. The research population consisted of 12022 people of whom 483 individuals were selected via multi-stage quota sampling. The theoretical framework drew on the theories of Rosenstein, Ortsley, McClelland, Bourdieu, Coleman, Michael Hashter, Nathan Glaser, David Meyer and Guenon. Regression results showed migration (-0.537), the existence of ethnic differences (-0.329), the existence of inefficient (out-moded) traditions (-0.151), lack of motivation to progress (-0.087) have a negative effect on industrial development. Migration had the greatest effect and lack of motivation for progress had the least effect on industrial development. Also, the reduction of social capital was ineffective in regression weights. So, while confirming the research hypotheses, it is clear that socio-cultural barriers have a negative effect on the development of industry in small and medium cities of Lorestan province. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
110 - An Exploratory Perspective of Systematic Decision Making in Corona Crisis for SME Corporation Based on Grounded Theory and System Dynamics
Masoud Borhani Alireza Shirvani Zahra Alipoor Darvishi Roya M. Ahari In spite of the sufferings and problems that Corona crisis created for people all around the world it has had the advantage that the decision-making process needed to be reviewed it through institutions , organizations and More In spite of the sufferings and problems that Corona crisis created for people all around the world it has had the advantage that the decision-making process needed to be reviewed it through institutions , organizations and companies. It is helpful in order to reduce the risk of decision-making error for the public interest and the sustainability of organizations by maintaining human resources, providing financial resources , upgrading knowledge and the ability of the organization. To manage the crisis situations, at first it requires to know the complexity and level of crisis, then understanding the environmental conditions and finally the speed of changes and the uncertainty that caused by crisis. In order to make a decision – making model in this condition we require basic theory for answering the research questions and this will be done by grounded theory process after creation the theory and trying to improve that by secondary data analysis. In this paper , we explain how to develop basic theory to know decision making process in Corona crisis for SME’s that in line with qualitative goals of research. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
111 - Developing a Small and Medium Enterprise Development in Rurals Ilam Province
nabi omidi Esfandyar mohammadi yasanallah pourashraf karam khaliliSmall and medium enterprises with such characteristics as flexibility and environmental adaptability in changing conditions, low capital requirements and simplicity of structure, have a good consistency with the economic situation of border villages in Iran. In most dev MoreSmall and medium enterprises with such characteristics as flexibility and environmental adaptability in changing conditions, low capital requirements and simplicity of structure, have a good consistency with the economic situation of border villages in Iran. In most developed countries, the focus of activities and innovations is on small and medium enterprises.The statistical population of the study consisted of 598 experts and managers of executive agencies of rural economic activists (entrepreneurs and rural cooperative) and university professors. Among them, 235 people were selected by sample sampling method using Cochran formula. On the basis of this criterion, financing factors and production factors, supporting and encouraging factors, educational and skill factors, and cultural and social factors, were identified with a high value of 1 and identified as extractable factors. The naming of these factors was done with regard to the content of the variables and with regard to the literature and background of the research. Regarding the statistical indices, using the main factors analysis method, these four factors were able to explain 7531% of the variance of the total variables. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
112 - بررسی رشد گیاه پوششی فرانکینیا (Frankenia thymifolia ) تحت تنش خشکی در بسترهای کشت و رژیم های متفاوت آبیاری
محسن مجیدی علی محمدی ترکاشوند راحله ابراهیمی در میان مجموعه غنی از گیاهان پوششی، گیاهانی یافت می­شوند که می­توانند جایگزین چمن شوند و می­توان آن­ها را برای جاهایی که چمن با شکست مواجه شده و یا مراقبت از آن دردسرساز بوده در نظر گرفت. گیاهان پوششی راه حلی آشکار برای این مکان­ها می­باشند More در میان مجموعه غنی از گیاهان پوششی، گیاهانی یافت می­شوند که می­توانند جایگزین چمن شوند و می­توان آن­ها را برای جاهایی که چمن با شکست مواجه شده و یا مراقبت از آن دردسرساز بوده در نظر گرفت. گیاهان پوششی راه حلی آشکار برای این مکان­ها می­باشند که شاخص­ترین این گیاهان شامل فرانکینیا، سدوم، دایکوندرا، لیزوماکیا، آرنیا، آپتنیا و غیره... می­باشد. هدف از انجام این مطالعه، استفاده از ضایعات آلی، کودهای بیولوژیک و سوپر پلیمر‎های جاذب به منظور افزایش نگه داشت آب در خاک، تأخیر در نقطه پژمردگی دائم، کنترل تنش آبی و بهبود ظرفیت نگه داشت آب در بستر رشد گیاه فرانکینیا است. این آزمایش به منظور بررسی رشد گیاه فرانکینیا تحت شرایط تنش خشکی در سال 1396 تحت شرایط خارج از گلخانه و در محیط باز صورت گرفت. یک آزمایش فاکتوریل بر پایه طرح بلوک های کامل تصادفی با دو فاکتور، طراحی و اجرا گردید. فاکتور اول سه دوره آبیاری شامل 2 روز، 4 روز و 7 روز و فاکتور دوم پنج بستر کشت که شامل درصدهای متفاوتی از مواد تشکیل دهنده 1- بستر کشت شماره یک: شامل 90 درصد خاک زراعی + 10 درصد کود پوسیده دامی، 2- بستر کشت شماره دو: شامل 70 درصد خاک + 15 درصد کود پوسیده دامی + 15 درصد ورمی کمپوست، 3- بستر کشت شماره سه: شامل 70 درصد خاک + 15 درصد کود پوسیده دامی+ 15 درصد ورمی کمپوست + یک گرم بر کیلوگرم سوپر جاذب استوکوزورب، 4- بستر کشت شماره چهار: شامل 50 درصد خاک + 25 درصد کود پوسیده دامی + 25 درصد ورمی کمپوست، 5- بستر کشت شماره پنج: شامل 50 درصد خاک + 25 درصد کود پوسیده دامی + 25 درصد ورمی کمپوست+یک گرم بر کیلوگرم سوپرجاذب می باشد. نشاهای گیاه فرانکینیا که در گلدان هایی با قطر دهانه 12و ارتفاع 15 سانتی متر از قبل ریشه دار شده بودند، به ترتیب در پلات های مستطیلی شکل به ابعاد 30 در 30 سانتی متر و به تعداد 6 عدد نشاء در هر پلات کاشته شد. صفات مورفولوژیکی شامل طول بلندترین شاخه، تعداد کل شاخه های جانبی، وزن تر و خشک اندام هوایی، میزان پرولین موجود در گیاه، میزان آب نسبی برگ و غلظت عناصر در اندام هوایی شامل پتاسیم، فسفر، آهن و روی اندازه­گیری شد. بسترهای کشت خاک از نظر pH، EC، کربن آلی، نیتروزن کل، نسبت C/N، فسفر و پتاسیم قابل جذب تجزیه شد.نتایج نشان داد که برای رشد بیشتر فرانکینیا، از مخلوط 50- 50 از خاک و مواد آلی (کود دامی پوسیده و ورمی­کمپوست) به عنوان بستر کاشت استفاده شود. با استفاده از یک گرم بر کیلوگرم سوپرجاذب رطوبت در بستر کشت بالا، در مقایسه با بستر شاهد (آبیاری 2 روز) می­توان دور آبیاری را به یک هفته افزایش داد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
113 - Pollen Germinability and Cross-Pollination Success in Persian Cyclamen (Cyclamen persicum Mill.)
Mohammad Kermanshahani Roohangiz Naderi Reza Fattahi Ahmad KhalighiLow seed yield is a limiting factor for cross breeding and hybrid seed production in cyclamen. This study was performed to investigate pollen germination and its relation to cross-pollination success and fruit set in this plant. In order to achieve a high level of polle MoreLow seed yield is a limiting factor for cross breeding and hybrid seed production in cyclamen. This study was performed to investigate pollen germination and its relation to cross-pollination success and fruit set in this plant. In order to achieve a high level of pollen germination, the effect of different concentrations of chemical compounds were examined on in vitro pollen germination of cyclamen in modified Brewbaker and Kwack medium, containing sucrose (10 and 20%), calcium nitrate (0, 200 and 300 mg l-1), and boric acid (0, 100 and 200mg l-1 ) at two pH levels (5.5 and 6.5). Maximum pollen germination was obtained in media containing higher concentration of calcium and boron regardless of sucrose concentration and pH level. Pollen germination percentage was genotype-dependent. Cross-pollination was performed among four different genotypes characterized by various pollen germination percentages. There was a direct correlation between cross-pollination success and pollen germination percentage. Genotypes with 30% higher pollen germination led to 10% increase in fruit set. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
114 - The Effect of Pollination Time and Gibberellic Acid (GA3) on the Production and Seed Germination of Phalaenopsis Orchids
Hassan Kia Heirati Rasoul Onsinejad Fattaneh YariThe germination power of orchids (Orchidaceae family) seems to betoo weak due lack of albumen. The study carried out with various treatments including pollination time and GA3 for breaking dormancy and increasing seed germination of orchids. The effect of pollination ti MoreThe germination power of orchids (Orchidaceae family) seems to betoo weak due lack of albumen. The study carried out with various treatments including pollination time and GA3 for breaking dormancy and increasing seed germination of orchids. The effect of pollination time (8 periods from January to August) and gibberellic acid (0, 500, 1000 and 1500 mg L-1) were studied on germination of Phalaenopsis orchids. Capsules containing seeds with 2, 4, 8 and 10% hypochlorite sodium were disinfected. In order to grow seedlings the culture medium of cocopeat and coal with the ratio of 1:5, and cocopeat, coal, industrial shell, and polystyrene with the ratio of 1:1:2:4 was used. Results indicated that the most appropriate concentration of sodium hypochlorite in order to disinfect the capsules was 2%. The best month for pollination of flowers was January. The highest yield from one capsule obtained 15.3 seedlings in the medium of 1/2 MS containing 1000 mg L-1 gibberellic acid. The produced seedlings were transferred to greenhouse in order to hardening. The highest rate of viability was obtained through the medium of cocopeat, coal, industrial shell, and polystyrene particles. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
115 - The Impact of Drought Stress of the Cultivation Medium on the Growth and Postharvest Life of Lilium and Chlorophyll in Different Potassium Concentrations of Nutrient Solution
A. Mohammadi Torkashvand T. Toofighi AlikhaniTo study the effect of different concentrations of potassium in thenutrient solution and water stress on the quality and quantity yield of Lilium LA cv.Termoli, a pot experiment was conducted based on completely randomized design in sand and perlite medium (50:50) in th MoreTo study the effect of different concentrations of potassium in thenutrient solution and water stress on the quality and quantity yield of Lilium LA cv.Termoli, a pot experiment was conducted based on completely randomized design in sand and perlite medium (50:50) in three levels of potassium (Kfree, 6 mM K and and 12 mM K in Hoagland solution) with three replications. In the present study, the growth indices, post-harvest life of flower and potassium and chlorophyll contents were measured in shoots. The results showed that the plant dry/fresh weight and vegetative height was highest in 6 mM potassium treatments. Lily postharvest life at 6 mM K was increased 5.7 days relative to k-free conditions. The chlorophyll a, b and total content in nutrient solution without K were lower than in nutrient solution with 6 and 12 mM potassium. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
116 - Effect of Bulb Cutting and Pot Medium on Propagation of Hippeastrum (Hippeastrum hybridum Hort.)
Mohammad Khalid Jamil Mohammad Mizanur Rahman Mohammad Moshiur RahmanExperiments were conducted at the Horticulture Research Farm of Horticulture Department, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University (BSMRAU), Salna, Gazipur during December, 2007 to May, 2009 to investigate the effect of bulb cutting and potting media on MoreExperiments were conducted at the Horticulture Research Farm of Horticulture Department, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University (BSMRAU), Salna, Gazipur during December, 2007 to May, 2009 to investigate the effect of bulb cutting and potting media on propagation of hippeastrum. The bulb cutting significantly influenced all the parameters except days required to first leaf emergence and leaf breadth at 60 DAP. Leaf number at 60 DAP, leaf length at 60 and 100 DAP, number of plant per section of bulb and number of bulb per pot were found to be significantly increased upto second treatment and then gradually decreased with the increase of bulb cutting. The highest number (2.20) of plant per section of bulb, bulblets (2.20) per section of bulb were obtained from 4 sections/bulb while diameter (20.74 mm) of bulb and combined weight (57.65 g) of bulb and plant were maximum at treatment 2 sections/bulb. Potting media also showed significant influence on all studied parameters. The maximum number (2.04) of plant per section of bulb and bulblets (2.04) per section of bulb were revealed at potting media containing only compost while the potting media contained sand, soil and compost at equal amount produced the biggest size of bulblets (20.07 mm) and maximum weight (44.75 g) of bulb and plant combinedly. However, the combined effect of T2 x P3 produced the maximum number (2.60) of plant and bulblets per section of bulb while the biggest size (23.05 mm) of bulblets and the highest yield (68.66 g) of bulb and plants were obtained in T1 x P4. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
117 - Marigold: The Possibilty Using Vermicompost as the Growth Mediu
F. Shadanpour A. Mohammadi Torkashvand K. Hashemi MajdIn order to investigation of vermicompost effect on growth and yield of marigold in pot medium, an experiment was done by a randomized completely block design in three raplications. Treatmnets were included control (30% v/v of soil plus 70% v/v of sand) and three levels MoreIn order to investigation of vermicompost effect on growth and yield of marigold in pot medium, an experiment was done by a randomized completely block design in three raplications. Treatmnets were included control (30% v/v of soil plus 70% v/v of sand) and three levels of vermicompost (20, 40, 60 % v/v of vermicompost+30% v/v of sand and soil) that applied in three lit. pots. Marigold seeds (Tagetes erecta cv. Tiashan) were planted in media. The shoots were cut and it was measured the bush heigh, the lateral branches, size and flower weight, dry weight of shoot, and the concertretion of nutrient elements. The results showed that added vermicompost to the growth media tend to improve the growth and yield of marigold than in the control. The Vermicompost (60%) had the highest weight, size and dry weight of shoot, but the maximum bush height was obtained by 20% vermicompost. The most lateral branches was belong to 40% vermicompost treatment. The results showed that the plants which cultivated on 60% vermicompost medium had the most amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and calcium. The most amount of potassium was ralated to 40% vermicompost treatment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
118 - Ammonium to Nitrate Ratio Affects Protocorm Like Bodies PLB Formation In vitro of Hybrid Cymbidium
Jaime A. Teixeira da SilvaCarbon and nitrogen are the two elements that most affect plant organogenesis. In vitro, usually as part of the macronutrients. Some anecdotal evidence from the literature suggests that the ammonium (NH4+) to nitrate (NO3–) ratio may affect orchid organogenesis. I MoreCarbon and nitrogen are the two elements that most affect plant organogenesis. In vitro, usually as part of the macronutrients. Some anecdotal evidence from the literature suggests that the ammonium (NH4+) to nitrate (NO3–) ratio may affect orchid organogenesis. In this study, to test this hypothesis, different NH4+: NO3– ratios were tested on the development of protocorm-like bodies (PLBs) of hybrid Cymbidium Twilight Moon ‘Day Light’, when modified in Teixeira Cymbidium (TC) No.1 medium without plant growth regulators. More PLBs formed per half-PLB or per PLB tTCL when TC medium was used while TC from which PGRs or NO3–or NH4+ were removed (two controls) contained significantly less PLBs/explant. The same trend was observed forneo -PLB (i.e., newly formed PLB) fresh weight. A high NO3– ratio favoured neo -PLB formation, but always less than TC medium, but significantly higher than the two controls. tTCLs performed more poorly (i.e., fewer neo-PLBs/explant and lower fresh weight) than half-PLBs. The NH4+: NO3– ratio can be manipulated to increase the level of PLB production in the absence of plant growth regulators. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
119 - انتخاب بستر کشت و روش تغذیه مناسب برای دستیابی به رشد مطلوب آروکاریای زینتی
هاجر عاشورزاده علی محمدی ترکاشوند علی محبوب خمامیبه دلیل عدم دانش علمی اثبات شده در به­کار­گیری بستر کشت و روش بهتر تغذیه، تعیین مناسب­ترین بستر کشت و روش تغذیه برای این گیاه از اهمیت فراوانی برخوردار است. این تحقیق جهت مقایسه روش متداول کوددهی واستفاده ازنانو کودآهن بررشدوعملکرد کاج مطبق با استفاده از &nb Moreبه دلیل عدم دانش علمی اثبات شده در به­کار­گیری بستر کشت و روش بهتر تغذیه، تعیین مناسب­ترین بستر کشت و روش تغذیه برای این گیاه از اهمیت فراوانی برخوردار است. این تحقیق جهت مقایسه روش متداول کوددهی واستفاده ازنانو کودآهن بررشدوعملکرد کاج مطبق با استفاده از 6 روش تغذیه و 3 بستر کشت متفاوت به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک­های کامل تصادفی در 3 تکرار اجرا گردید. در این آزمایش نشاهای کاج آروکاریای زینتی پس از انتخاب نوع بستر به گلدان­های 4 لیتری انتقال یافتند و در گلخانه­ای مسقف با محدوده دمایی 17 تا 19 درجه سانتی­گراد در شب و 21 تا 23 درجه سانتی­گراد در روز نگهداری شدند. برخی از فاکتور­های رشد نظیر ارتفاع بوته، طول شاخه­های جانبی، قطر ساقه، طول ریشه، وزن تر اندام هوایی و ریشه، وزن خشک اندام هوایی و ریشه و وزن تر و خشک کل بوته و غلظت برخی عناصر غذایی در برگ اندازه­گیری شدند. نتایج نشان داد که از بین تیمارهای بستر کشت تیمار A3 (25% کوکوپیت+ 25% ورمی­کمپوست+ 25% خاک سبک+ 25% پرلیت) در اکثر صفات مورد ارزیابی (طول شاخه جانبی، وزن تر ریشه، وزن خشک ریشه، وزن خشک کل بوته، فسفر و آهن اندام هوایی)، مناسب­ترین بستر کشت برای نهال­های ریشه­دار این گیاه ارزشمند زینتی می­باشد. از نظر تغذیه با ترکیب­های مختلف کودی، تیمار B3 (فریلن)+20-20-20)NPK + فسفات دی آمونیم+ سولفات پتاسیم+ سولفات آمونیم) به دلیل داشتن اکثر عناصر و هم چنین منابع غذایی مورد نیاز در برخی صفات (طول شاخه جانبی، وزن تر اندام هوایی، وزن تر کل بوته، وزن خشک اندام هوایی و وزن خشک کل) دارای برتری می­باشد. نتایج نشان داد که تیمار A3B2 (25% کوکوپیت+ 25% ورمی کمپوست+ 25% خاک سبک+ 25% پرلیت) به همراه فسفات دی آمونیم، سولفات پتاسیم و سولفات آمونیم از نظر برخی فاکتور­های رشد نظیر وزن تر اندام هوایی و ریشه، وزن تر کل و وزن خشک کل نسبت به سایر تیمار­ها دارای برتری می­باشد و برای تولید کنندگان گیاهان زینتی قابل توصیه است. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
120 - How can Small Rural Businesses with Emphasis on Entrepreneurship be promoted?
Masoud Samian Reza Movahedi -
Open Access Article
121 - Investigating the Function of Urban Space Development in Quantitative Approaches to Cultural Patterns (Case Study: Marand Middle City)
hourieh maghsoudi mehrdad navabakhsh seyedmohammad seyedmirzaei sedigheh mohammadesmaeiliThe spatial development of cities has always brought with it changes in different areas of society. One of the key components of spatial development of cities is the distribution of population and urban settlements; since transformations in societies have been a functio MoreThe spatial development of cities has always brought with it changes in different areas of society. One of the key components of spatial development of cities is the distribution of population and urban settlements; since transformations in societies have been a function of population and the mobility and demographic behavior of cities, the division of cities into large, medium and small cities is particularly important for sociological explanation and analysis. Medium-sized cities are of particular importance as moderators of different pressures and transfer of different facilities and services from large cities to small towns and villages. This study was conducted to investigate the cultural consequences of urban spatial development in Iran. Also the study for this research is related to the statistical data of 1375-1395 and the study of population changes in the average cities during the mentioned period and the average city of Marand has been studied. For this purpose, using the survey method, the views of the citizens and elites of Marand were obtained in the items defined in the questionnaire. The obtained data were explained by statistical analysis. The results of applying statistical tests show that the spatial development of the city of Marand has had some consequences in the field of urban culture. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
122 - Investigating the role of demographic variables and attitudes towards success factors on the success of small and medium businesses under Science and Technology Parks in Iran
hosein Kazemi Najme MolaeiAbstract Background and purpose: Some small and medium businesses operate in the market for a longer period of time and the reason for that is the success of these businesses. The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of demographic variables and attitu MoreAbstract Background and purpose: Some small and medium businesses operate in the market for a longer period of time and the reason for that is the success of these businesses. The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of demographic variables and attitudes towards success factors on the success of small and medium businesses under science and technology parks. Research method: This research is descriptive and survey-type and practical according to its purpose. The statistical population of the research is the businesses covered by the technology parks, which were sampled by cluster method. 4 provinces (Kerman, Razavi Khorasan, Yazd and Fars provinces) were selected by a selective method and necessary data were randomly collected from companies located in technological parks. The data collection tools were interviews and questionnaires. One-factor analysis of variance, Friedman's analysis of variance and Mann-Whitney test were used for data analysis. Findings: The results showed that family businesses and businesses that focus on internal factors have achieved more success. Companies that give higher priority to the variables of knowledge acquisition, innovation ability, increasing product quality, improving the technical ability of employees, relationship with universities and research centers, have been more successful in comparison with other business. Conclusion: For the success of small and medium businesses in science and technology parks, focusing on family businesses and internal factors is of particular importance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
123 - The presentation of a Pattern for Financial Empowerment in Small and Medium Enterprises with Grounded Theory Approach
Gholamreza Elahi parviz saeedi Jamadverdi Gorganli Dooji Maryam Bkoharaiyan KhorasaniThe purpose of this research is to provide a Pattern of financial empowerment in Small and Medium Enterprises with the Grounded Theory approach. The participants of this research can be divided into two general groups, including the first group including academic profes MoreThe purpose of this research is to provide a Pattern of financial empowerment in Small and Medium Enterprises with the Grounded Theory approach. The participants of this research can be divided into two general groups, including the first group including academic professors in the fields of management, accounting and finance (academic experts), the second group including experts with experience in small and medium-sized companies (experts experimental), categorized. This research was carried out with the qualitative Grounded Theory method of the Strauss and Corbin Foundation. To achieve this goal, after studying the literature and the background of the research, an interview protocol was designed and interviews were conducted with 17 experts using targeted non-probability sampling and snowball methods. In the open coding stage in the MAXQDA2020 software environment, a number of 458 open codes (descriptive codes) were obtained, and in the axial coding stage, categories were determined and according to screening, removing duplicate codes and integrating synonymous codes, a number of 63 categories were obtained. Sub and 8 main categories are presented as a Pattern of financial empowerment in Small and Medium Enterprises with the Grounded Theory approach. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
124 - Designing a Structural-interpretive Model of the Dynamic Capabilities of Information Technology in Small and Medium-sized Companies
Mohsen Rahmani Mehdi ZakipourThe aim of the current research is to identify, stratify and analyze the main dimensions and indicators affecting the dynamic capabilities of information technology in small and medium-sized companies using the structural-interpretive modeling (ISM) technique. The dimen MoreThe aim of the current research is to identify, stratify and analyze the main dimensions and indicators affecting the dynamic capabilities of information technology in small and medium-sized companies using the structural-interpretive modeling (ISM) technique. The dimensions and indicators of the dynamic capabilities of information technology have been identified based on the literature study and content analysis and comparisons of related researches and interviews with experts and specialists, and then, using structural-interpretive modeling, the relationships between the dimensions and indicators of the dynamic capabilities of information technology have been determined as Integrated analysis. Finally, by using MICMAC analysis, the types of variables have been determined according to their influence and effectiveness on other variables. The results show that the variable of digitalization of business processes is among the linked variables and has a high power of influence and dependence. This variable with the greatest influence is considered as the driver and motivator of the dynamic capabilities of information technology in small and medium-sized companies, and any action on this variable causes the change of other variables. Also, measurement variables, resources and competencies and coordination are among the key variables for the development of dynamic capabilities of information technology in small and medium companies. These variables have a great impact on the realization and promotion of dynamic capabilities of information technology in small and medium-sized companies and have high influence and low dependence. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
125 - Investigating the Effect of Dynamic Capabilities of Information Technology on the Performance of Small and Medium Companies through the Moderating Relationship of Transformational Leadership and the Mediating role of Innovative Capabilities
Mohsen Rahmani Mehdi Zakipour Hossein AbediThe purpose of this research is to determine the impact of the IT-enabled dynamic capability on innovative capabilities and to provide scientific solutions in this regard to improve the performance of small and medium-sized enterprises. The data were collected from a sa MoreThe purpose of this research is to determine the impact of the IT-enabled dynamic capability on innovative capabilities and to provide scientific solutions in this regard to improve the performance of small and medium-sized enterprises. The data were collected from a sample of 225 employees of small and medium-sized enterprises active in Qazvin province by means of standard questionnaires. Hypotheses were tested using structural equation modeling with the partial least squares method and using Smart PLS and SPSS software. The results of the structural model test for hypotheses with a direct effect showed that the IT-enabled dynamic capability has a direct, positive, and significant effect on the innovative capability and performance of small and medium-sized enterprises, and innovative capability also has a significant effect on the performance of small and medium-sized enterprises. Transformational leadership moderates the relationship between innovative capability and the performance of small and medium-sized enterprises. The results of the structural model test for the mediation hypothesis indicated the confirmation of this hypothesis. In general, the creation and development of innovative capabilities combined with transformational leadership can strengthen the impact of the IT-enabled dynamic capability on the performance of small and medium-sized enterprises. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
126 - INVESTIGATING THE LIBRARIANS' STATUS OF ORGANIZATIONAL AGILITY AT LIBRARIES OF ISLAMIC AZAD UNIVERSITY IN DISTRICT
mitra ghiasi Soheila jabbariPurpose: To determine the organizational agility in Islamic Azad university libraries of region 3. Methodology: Metod is survey - analytical and practical. . The statistical society consists 18 librarries whit 40 librarians that participate in this survey. The questi MorePurpose: To determine the organizational agility in Islamic Azad university libraries of region 3. Methodology: Metod is survey - analytical and practical. . The statistical society consists 18 librarries whit 40 librarians that participate in this survey. The questionnaire is a researcher-made, that its reliability is 0.8. base on Cronbach test. Data analysis using descriptive statistics (measures of dispersion) and analytical (one-sample t test student, independent T test, One-way ANOVA and Friedman) was performed by SPSS. Findings: Average organizational agility was 2.98 from 5. Component "response" had minimum mean (2.93) and Component "flexibility and adaptability" had maximum mean (3.04.There is not significant correlation between the libraries and organizational agility and its component . Conclusion: In the libraries, levels of organizational agility and all its components are in the medium. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
127 - Effect of magnetic field, culture medium and growth regulators on seed germination of Catharanthus roseus L.
Maryam Peyvandi Seyede Maryam Seyed Talebi Ahmad MajdCatharanthus roseus L., commonly known as the periwinkle, is one of the most important medicinal plants that included worthwhile alkaloids. The effect of the intensity and duration of magnetic field, medium strength and growth regulators were investigated on percentage MoreCatharanthus roseus L., commonly known as the periwinkle, is one of the most important medicinal plants that included worthwhile alkaloids. The effect of the intensity and duration of magnetic field, medium strength and growth regulators were investigated on percentage of seeds germination. Sterilized seeds were exposed to different intensities of magnetic field (1, 2, 4mT) daily for 15 minutes during a week or a month. Treated seeds were cultured in MS or 1/2 MS media supplemented with different hormone combinations. Results indicated that application of MF for one month period caused the decrease in seed germination. To Investigate the hormone combination effect, the MF treated seeds were cultured in 1/2 MS media supplemented with 2,4-D and kinetine. In the presence of 2,4-D, the percentage of germination, production and growth of callus were increased. In the culture medium containing 2iP or Kinetin, seedling growth was performed without callus formation. Kinetine increased the number of shoots in a seedling without induction of callus production. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
128 - Mechatronic Technology Commercialization in Small and Medium Enterprises: Based on Grounded Theory
Maryam Mohammadkhah S Reza. HejaziProducing engineering complex systems that have high performance, reliability and value is one of the most important today’s technology market challenges. Appropriate response to these challenges will require the integration of a number of the technologies. It MoreProducing engineering complex systems that have high performance, reliability and value is one of the most important today’s technology market challenges. Appropriate response to these challenges will require the integration of a number of the technologies. It is possible trough Mechatronics (a synergetic combination of various sciences in engineering technologies). This paper provides a systematic and conceptual model of the factors affecting the mechatronic technology commercialization process in small businesses. Therefore, mechatronics technology commercialization process has been studied in seven small enterprises. A grounded theory has been used for analyzing Influencing factors. The conceptual model which is based on in-depth interviews with managers of successful companies in the commercialization of this technology has been derived.The pattern obtained from this study indicates mechatronics technology as a major issue that is affected by the specialized knowledge, experience and collaboration between engineers from various disciplines of engineering. The ultimate aim of technology commercialization is to obtain more financial profits. Engineers can use their special skills to sell technology to the manufacturers. These skills are appropriate for various situations and different factors underlying medium and different qualifications Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
129 - An Energy-Efficient Fuzzy Logic-based Fault-Tolerant Routing Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks
Alireza Allahverdi Mamaghani Shayesteh Tabatabaei Mohammad Reza Ebrahimi Dishabi -
Open Access Article
130 - Optimizing the HS medium for the production of microbial cellulose nanofibers using Acetobacter xylinum
Fatemeh Nouri Rouzbahani Fatemeh Ashrafi Soheila Moradi BidhendiBackground & Objectives: Bacterial cellulose synthesized by some microorganisms, including Acetobacter xylinum, has been widely used in various industries due to its specific properties. The purpose of this study was to optimize the cultivation condition for the pro MoreBackground & Objectives: Bacterial cellulose synthesized by some microorganisms, including Acetobacter xylinum, has been widely used in various industries due to its specific properties. The purpose of this study was to optimize the cultivation condition for the production of microbial cellulose in a new culture medium. Materials & Methods: In this experimental study, new sources of carbon and nitrogen were added to the Hestrin-Schramm medium, containing A. xylinum, and incubated for 7 days under static conditions. Carbon sources included glucose, galactose, fructose, lactose, sucrose, maltose, ethanol, methanol, inositol, glycerol, xylose, and mannitol and nitrogen sources included ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate, sodium nitrate (1, 3, 6, 9 g/l HS medium), peptone and yeast extract (5, 10, 15, 20 g/l HS medium). Sodium alginate and sodium acetate were used to investigate the viscosity effect and to adjust the medium pH. Scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and FTIR spectroscopy technique were used in order to confirm the cellulose production. Sodium alginate and sodium acetate were used to investigate the viscosity effect and determine the pH adjustment. Scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffraction and FTIR spectroscopy technique were used in order to confirm the cellulose production. Results: Four carbon sources including glycerol (without a significant drop in pH), glucose, fructose, and inositol produced the highest amount of cellulose, respectively. Organic nitrogen sources, particularly peptone, had a great impact on cellulose production, unlike mineral nitrogen sources. The optimum amount of sodium alginate as the viscosity agent and sodium acetate as the buffer was 1.2 and 3 gram per liter of culture medium, respectively. X-ray diffraction showed the highest crystallinity index in medium containing glucose, fructose, inositol, and glycerol, respectively. The amount and intensity of infrared absorption in FTIR scanning of the products of culture media containing glucose and glycerol and comparing them with other similar cellulose graphs confirmed the cellulose production. Furthermore, Scanning Electron Microscopy studies clearly showed a nanofiber structure of microbial cellulose in media with better carbon sources. Conclusion: According to our findings, glycerol and peptone have the most impact on microbial cellulose production. It was also indicated that addition of 2.1 g/ L sodium alginate to the culture medium as the viscosity agent along with pH control during the process by adding 3 g/ L sodium acetate can have a significant effect on cellulose production. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
131 - Studying the Impact of Small and Medium-Sized Manufacturing Industries on the Growth of Industrial Value Added in Iran’s Economy
Hediha setayesh Abbas Memaranjad Kambyz Hejbarkiani Taghi TorabiAbstractThis paper attempts to explain the importance of small and medium-sized enterprises in the economy and to highlight their main facing challenges, in particular the “financial challenge". The present paper seeks to analyze the impact of small and medium-siz MoreAbstractThis paper attempts to explain the importance of small and medium-sized enterprises in the economy and to highlight their main facing challenges, in particular the “financial challenge". The present paper seeks to analyze the impact of small and medium-sized industries on the growth of industrial value added in Iran’s economy for 22 ISIC codes during the period of 2005-2014.The main findings of this study indicate that the growth of value added of small and medium-sized industries has a significant positive effect on the growth of value added of industries with ten employees and more; the growth of innovation level in small and medium-sized industries may have a significant positive effect on the growth of value added of this group of industries, and the growth of openness of Iranian economy can affect the growth of value added of industries with ten employees and more, positively; but it has a negative effect on the growth of value added of small and medium-sized industries. Furthermore, it is suggested that in order to boost and facilitate the economic activities of small and medium sized enterprises, several issues should be considered including“promoting the non-bank financing methods”, “providing effective support for innovative projects”, “implementing industrial export development programs”, and “providing industrial advisory services, in particular financial advisory services”. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
132 - Providing a Model for Successful launching enablers in Small and Medium Enterprises through the grounded Theory
Zahra aghelfadiheh esmail hasanpour vahid reza mirabi mahdi bagheriThe purpose of this research is to identify and modeling the successful launching enablers of small and medium-sized enterprises. The research method in this study is qualitative and the interview technique is used for data collection.For this purpose, 18 managers of sm MoreThe purpose of this research is to identify and modeling the successful launching enablers of small and medium-sized enterprises. The research method in this study is qualitative and the interview technique is used for data collection.For this purpose, 18 managers of small and medium enterprises in Khorasan Science and Technology Park were selected by purposeful sampling method.The data obtained from the interviews were analyzed by using the grounded theory method.This analysis was performed in three stages of open coding, axial coding and selective coding. The result of this qualitative approach was the model of successful launching enablers, which was confirmed by two indicators, content validity index and relative content validity coefficient. The model included internal organizational factors, enablers, strategies, Factors of intervening conditions include management characteristics, competitive factors, government factors and staff training, and contextual factors including organizational management, human resource management, and organizational structure. background, and intervention conditions.and The model is based on the comprehensive paradigm model of Strauss and Corbin. The core of this review is "Successful Launch", which covers the major categories above. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
133 - Designing the Pattern of Factors Affecting the Success of Small and Medium Enterprises Using a Structural Interpretive Approach
Mahdi Hosseinpour mohammad javad jamshidi hossein karimi Milad BakhshamToday, small and medium-sized enterprises are recognized as one of the areas that has a high ability for national and regional development and helping to improve local technology and develop Native entrepreneurs. this paper aims to identify the factors affecting the suc MoreToday, small and medium-sized enterprises are recognized as one of the areas that has a high ability for national and regional development and helping to improve local technology and develop Native entrepreneurs. this paper aims to identify the factors affecting the success of small and medium enterprises in kermanshah city using structured interpretative approach. the present study in terms of the target is an applied and in terms of qualitative methodology with analytical descriptive approach. in order to provide data, first by reviewing the theoretical bases and using 21 experts as panel members through the delphi method, the most important success factors small and medium enterprises in kermanshah city Identification and to analyze the data, 21 experts were used in structural and structural modeling. The statistical population of the study included managers, experts and connoisseurs in the field of small and medium enterprises, who were selected using the targeted sampling method of 21 people. The results indicate that among the factors affecting the success of small and medium enterprises in Kermanshah, All-round government support and The level of experience and skills of the manager as The key factors in this study Were recognized. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
134 - impact of venture capitalists and bank loans on the performance of small and medium enterprises
marjan minaie fatemeh samadiIn today's dynamic economic environment, the era of traditional business examples is over. Today, the economies of developed countries are based on small and medium enterprises. On the other hand, proper financing may be considered the most important factor for the succ MoreIn today's dynamic economic environment, the era of traditional business examples is over. Today, the economies of developed countries are based on small and medium enterprises. On the other hand, proper financing may be considered the most important factor for the success of companies; Especially small and medium companies that have many problems and limitations in foreign financing. Therefore, based on this argument, the purpose of this study is to investigate the role of venture capital firms (VC) and banks in loans and performance of small and medium enterprises. In this study, information about 29 sample companies in an 8-year period between 1390-98 (a total of 232 companies-years) was analyzed to examine the relationship between variables to test the research hypothesis. Based on the results of the present study, venture capital firms (VCs) and banks in bank loans, the quality of reporting and long-term debt of small and medium enterprises has no significant effect, But it has a significant and direct impact on the performance of these companies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
135 - Examining the Impact of Dynamic Capabilities in Technology Assessment on level of Assessed Technology in Small and Medium Enterprises.- Case study-Iranian supply chain in Automotive Industry
Mohsen Peyvasteh Feridooni Tahmoores Sohrabi Nosratoollah ShadnoushThe rapid development and extension of science and technology, has inforced the companies to increase their competitive advantage and moving towards new technologies.Organizations should analyze all aspects of technology entry before transferring the technology, which c MoreThe rapid development and extension of science and technology, has inforced the companies to increase their competitive advantage and moving towards new technologies.Organizations should analyze all aspects of technology entry before transferring the technology, which can be done by using a technology assessment model.Combining dynamic capabilities with technology assessment can improve the results of the assessed technology at the corporation level. The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of dynamic capabilities dimensions on technology assessment in SME companies in Iranian automotive supply chain. The statistical population of this research is composed of experts and working managers in 450 vehicle part manufacturer in automotive supply chain. Finally, 200 questionnaires were collected regarding the prioritization of the important factors of dynamic capabilities in the automotive supply chain. Researching Model was examined by using LISREL software, the results of the study showed that the ability to rearrange and acquisitions and learning, had the highest impact with the first rank. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
136 - Analysis of the effect of environmental components on the development of small and medium businesses in the petrochemical industry
Meysam Saniefar Seyed Reza Salehiamiri Mehdi Elyasi Mehran Mokhtari Bayekolaie Seyed Abdollah Sajadijagharghthe aim of this study was to investigate the impact of environmental components on the development of small and medium businesses in the petrochemical industry. The present study is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of method. The statistic Morethe aim of this study was to investigate the impact of environmental components on the development of small and medium businesses in the petrochemical industry. The present study is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of method. The statistical population of this study was small and medium business managers in the petrochemical industry. Questionnaires of this research were distributed among 39 managers in this field. The validity of pre-distribution research tools by professors and experts in the field of validation management as well as convergent validity has been calculated using the confirmatory factor analysis model and its reliability has been calculated using Cronbach's alpha. Data analysis was performed using SPSS and SMART PLS software using descriptive statistics and structural equation modeling. Findings showed that environmental components have significant and positive effects on the development of small and medium businesses in the petrochemical industry. The findings also showed that the components of political / legal environment, economic environment, cultural / social environment and technological environment have a significant impact on the development of small and medium businesses in the petrochemical industry. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
137 - Innovative development of small and medium-sized manufacturing businesses (SMEs) in a mixed method
Yasser Moghassem parviz saeidi Ahmad Mehrabian Hossein DidehkhaniThe purpose of this study is to present a model for the impact of technology innovation on the development of small and medium businesses in Golestan industrial town. In the qualitative part, content analysis and fuzzy Delphi method to determine the dimensions and compo MoreThe purpose of this study is to present a model for the impact of technology innovation on the development of small and medium businesses in Golestan industrial town. In the qualitative part, content analysis and fuzzy Delphi method to determine the dimensions and components of research and in the quantitative part, Survey and Smart Pls software were used to examine the relationship between research variables. The sample size of 198 manufacturing companies with Krejcie and Morgan formula, randomly selected and data collection with a researcher-made questionnaire. The results showed that the greatest impact on the development of small and medium businesses including financial criteria, value added, external environment, processes, human resources, exports, high-tech production, products and innovations are related to company performance, and innovation in technology includes Entrepreneurs' innovation capability, technology infrastructure, innovation culture, and government support for technological innovation have a positive effect on the performance of manufacturing companies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
138 - Prioritization and determining the relationships of factors affecting the financing of small and medium businesses in Iran
Hamid Padash Bahman Khodapanah Mojtaba BababaeihezejanThe aim of this study was to evaluate the preferences and determine the relationships between the factors affecting the financing of small and medium-sized businesses using the FAHP-MICMAC method in Tehran province. This research is applied in terms of purpose and descr MoreThe aim of this study was to evaluate the preferences and determine the relationships between the factors affecting the financing of small and medium-sized businesses using the FAHP-MICMAC method in Tehran province. This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-survey in terms of method. The statistical population of the study is all managers and boards of directors of small and medium businesses operating in Tehran province, of which 185 people were selected by purposive sampling. Financial experts - Banking approved. Expert Choice and MICMAC software were used to analyze the data. The results showed that government fiscal policies, central bank monetary policies, and the cost of the financing process have the largest share in financing small and medium-sized businesses. Mick Mac showed that the volume of financing, the optimal structure of capital, the cost of the financing process, the attractiveness of financing instruments, the credit status of the company all play important roles in how to finance. The regulatory policies of the stock exchange organization, instrument-related risks, expected returns, profit-sharing mechanism related to financial instruments, and the level of risk-taking are classified as two-dimensional factors. Is the agent. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
139 - survey of Effective Determinants on Small and Medium Size Firms Capital Structure
Nezamodin Rahimian Farzin Rezaei Hossein masteri farahaniThe main purpose of this article is empirical survey of co- determinants on small and medium size firm’s capital structure listed in Tehran stock exchange. The research period was during 1381-1387.samples, including 74 firms. Results of the hypothesis testing usin MoreThe main purpose of this article is empirical survey of co- determinants on small and medium size firm’s capital structure listed in Tehran stock exchange. The research period was during 1381-1387.samples, including 74 firms. Results of the hypothesis testing using multiple regressions (OLS) suggests that between two variables named long term interest bearing debt ratio and short-term debts ratio and firm characteristics named age, size, asset structure, profitability, growth and risk exist significantly positive relationship. Considering the firm size and separating firms with small and medium size large size, Results corroborate that firm characteristics age, size, asset structure, profitability, growth and risk have an impact on long term interest bearing debt ratio and short-term debts ratio. This influence is different in small and medium size firms. Therefore size criterion is effective and its impact on firm characteristics in smaller firms is higher. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
140 - Provide a dynamic model of financing small and medium enterprises (SMEs) with DANP approach
Bizhan Nosrati Barandagh Abbas toloie Ehsan Sadeh zeinolabedin aminisabeghThe purpose of present article is to design a dynamic model (DM) of financing SMEs according to Decision Making Trial And Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) based on Analytical Network Process (ANP) (DANP) approach. The innovation of this article is to take hybrid of DANP MoreThe purpose of present article is to design a dynamic model (DM) of financing SMEs according to Decision Making Trial And Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) based on Analytical Network Process (ANP) (DANP) approach. The innovation of this article is to take hybrid of DANP and DM in financing SMEs approach. This article has paid using different scenarios in financing SMEs and model simulation. The dynamic model is formulated therefore, based on previous literature and the fuzzy screening method, extracting effective factors on financing SMEs and causal link identified. Then it was included in the model using the DANP the relationships between them and the amount of impact coefficients are determined. Finally identify new financing methods over a 10 month period in order to test the accuracy of the model and to determine the behavior of the state and rate variables, we collected data from 24 SMEs. The behavior of research variables analyzing by evaluated in the framework of the model as well as sensitivity analysis the validity of the DM is designed. The results showed that SMEs use the designed model and the scenarios can be used to finance their business optimally. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
141 - Financial Innovation Test in Banking: Providing a Hybrid Model for Forecasting and Assessing Credit Risk of Medium and Small Enterprises (SMEs) in Commercial Banks
Kokab Sharifi Amir Mohammadzadeh Hashem Nikoumaram Naser HamidiWe live in an age characterized by the very rapid rate of financial innovation. The study of the historical evolution of progress and economic development of developed and industrialized countries shows that one of the main factors in the emergence of rapid and massive MoreWe live in an age characterized by the very rapid rate of financial innovation. The study of the historical evolution of progress and economic development of developed and industrialized countries shows that one of the main factors in the emergence of rapid and massive growth has been the existence of financial reforms in these countries. There are different incentives for individuals and active enterprises in the financial system to perform financial innovation, which is one of the most important incentives, the introduction of tools and methods to reduce, eliminate or manage existing risks. One of the most important tools the current situation that can help banks in the optimal management of consumption and prevention of claims. Designing and applying credit risk assessment models in granting facilities. The purpose of this study is to provide a suitable model for financial innovation based on credit risk measurement of SMEs in commercial banks. In this regard, effective indicators on the credit risk of SMEs were identified by using the genetic algorithm method and logit, neural network and fuzzy expert system were evaluated. The results show that the using the hybrid model has more accurate results in the assessment the credit risk of SMEs. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
142 - DISPERSION OF CONTAMINANTS IN GROUNDWATER WITH CHEMICAL REACTION
Nirmala P. Ratchagar S. Senthamilselvi P. Meenapriya -
Open Access Article
143 - The Impacts of Medium and Benzyladenine on Micropropagation and Micrografting of the Main Commercial Pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) Cultivars
Mohammad Tabeei Gholam Reza Sharifi-Sirchi Ebrahim Ganji Moghaddam Esmaeil Fallahi -
Open Access Article
144 - Optimizing Hairy Root Culture Media Using Salts and Vitamin Modifications in Corylus avellana L.
Zohre Vaedi Sara Alsadat Rahpeyma Jafar Zolala -
Open Access Article
145 - Open the Windows toward Somatic Embryogenesis of Leaf Explants of Persian Walnut (Juglans regia L.)
M Farsi K Vahdati M Lotfi M Mirmasoumi -
Open Access Article
146 - Control of Shoot Tip Necrosis and Plant Death during in Vitro Multiplication of Pistachio Rootstock UCB1 (Pistacia integrima × P. atlantica)
S.R. Nezami A. Yadollahi H. Hokmabadi M. Eftekhari -
Open Access Article
147 - Evaluating the Economic Productivity Model Based on Innovation with Emphasis on the Development of Human Resources in the Small and Medium Industries
Karim Esgandari sheida Orafaye Jamshidi Shadi Orafaye Jamshidi Ali Reza AhmadiThe small and medium industries in the world are of great importance, the main reason being their flexibility and they can help in the industry of a country. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the improvement of economic productivity based on innovation, with emph MoreThe small and medium industries in the world are of great importance, the main reason being their flexibility and they can help in the industry of a country. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the improvement of economic productivity based on innovation, with emphasis on the role of mediating human resource development. The Present Research is a Survey in terms of Method and is applied in terms of Purpose. The sample size is 384 by the Cochran formula for unlimited statistical population and selected by simple random sampling method. The required data were collected by field method and by a researcher-made questionnaire. Descriptive statistics were tested using SPSS software and the research hypotheses test and the proposed model using SEM equations using partial least squares method (PLS). The results of the collected data indicate that innovation with a path coefficient of -55.8% affects on economic productivity and also the innovation variable with a path coefficient of 96.6% due to the human resource development variable on economic productivity Human resource development with a path coefficient of 147. 9% affects economic efficiency. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
148 - Evaluating the Economic Productivity Model Based on Innovation with Emphasis on the Development of Human Resources in the Small and Medium Industries
Karim Esgandari sheida Orafaye Jamshidi Shadi Orafaye Jamshidi Ali Reza AhmadiThe small and medium industries in the world are of great importance, the main reason being their flexibility and they can help in the industry of a country. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the improvement of economic productivity based on innovation, with emph MoreThe small and medium industries in the world are of great importance, the main reason being their flexibility and they can help in the industry of a country. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the improvement of economic productivity based on innovation, with emphasis on the role of mediating human resource development. The Present Research is a Survey in terms of Method and is applied in terms of Purpose. The sample size is 384 by the Cochran formula for unlimited statistical population and selected by simple random sampling method. The required data were collected by field method and by a researcher-made questionnaire. Descriptive statistics were tested using SPSS software and the research hypotheses test and the proposed model using SEM equations using partial least squares method (PLS). The results of the collected data indicate that innovation with a path coefficient of -55.8% affects on economic productivity and also the innovation variable with a path coefficient of 96.6% due to the human resource development variable on economic productivity Human resource development with a path coefficient of 147. 9% affects economic efficiency. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
149 - The Role of Entrepreneurship Strategies in Success of Small and Medium Businesses and Prioritization of Strategies by AHP
Aliakbar peyvasteh S Mohamad ManafiEntrepreneur is multi dimensional and vague concept and understanding its role in growth process needs a specified framework.Because, there is many mediating variables to describe the style of effect on economic growth.Entrepreneur's strategy including 5 administrative MoreEntrepreneur is multi dimensional and vague concept and understanding its role in growth process needs a specified framework.Because, there is many mediating variables to describe the style of effect on economic growth.Entrepreneur's strategy including 5 administrative strategy, realistic opportunity, imitative, adventitious and breeding.Economic development in developed countries shows this fact, the economy is affected by Entrepreneurship. So that Entrepreneur in the economic development of developing countries, have a central role. Abuot Entrepreneur and factors causing it asserts this point, that skills, education, innovation, competitiveness and etc, can be an important factor in the creation account. According the aim of research is determine the relationship between Entrepreneur strategies and success of small and medium businesses in Tabriz. The study population included all managers of small and medium businesses in the city of Tabriz, which according to their number of industry-mine and trade in an average equal to 5850. Sampling method in this research is simple random sampling and in order to determine the sample size of the table Krejcie and Morgan (1970) is used that is equal to 360. In this study to collect data to test the hypotheses of the questionnaire for searching the data normalization Kolmogrov-Smivnev test and for hypotheses, pearson correlation coefficient and T-test is used. Result of the analysis show that the most appropriate strategy to develop Entrepreneurial. Strategies Entrepreneurship in small and medium businesses to promote business cooperation with other successful companies that are acquired in the form of strategies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
150 - The Effect of High Intensity Interval Training and Medium Continuous Training on Visfatin Plasma Levels, Anaerobic and Aerobic Power Female Basketball Players
Mahdie Hasanzade Maha Nematollah Nemati -
Open Access Article
151 - The influence of various boundary conditions on dynamic stability of a beam-moving mass system
Ramin Motiei Mostafa Pirmoradian Hossein Karimpour -
Open Access Article
152 - تأثیر حرارت بر کمانش پیچشی نانولوله کربنی دو جداره تحت بستر الاستیک نوع پاسترناک
علی قربانپور آرانی محمد شریف زارعی مهدی محمدیمهردر این مقاله اثر حرارت روی کمانش پیچشی نانولوله کربنی دوجداره بر بستر الاستیک از نوع پاسترناک بررسی شدهاست. همچنین بر اساس مدل مکانیک پیوسته غیرموضعی، معادلات حاکم بر کمانش برای یک پوسته استوانهای بهدست آمده، سپس این معادلات به یک نانو لوله دوجداره تعمیم داده شدهاند Moreدر این مقاله اثر حرارت روی کمانش پیچشی نانولوله کربنی دوجداره بر بستر الاستیک از نوع پاسترناک بررسی شدهاست. همچنین بر اساس مدل مکانیک پیوسته غیرموضعی، معادلات حاکم بر کمانش برای یک پوسته استوانهای بهدست آمده، سپس این معادلات به یک نانو لوله دوجداره تعمیم داده شدهاند. در این تحقیق علاوه بر حرارت و محیط الاستیک، اثر مقیاس کوچک طول و نیروهای واندروالسی نیز در نظر گرفته شدهاند. همچنین برای شبیهسازی برهمکنش بین ماتریس پلیمری (محیط الاستیک) و جداره بیرونی نانولوله از مدل پاسترناک استفاده شدهاست. نتایج عددی این تحلیل نشان میدهند که بار بحرانی کمانش در مودهای میانی اتفاق میافتد. علاوه بر این کمانش برای مدل پاسترناک نسبت به مدل وینکلر دیرتر اتفاق میافتد. علاوه بر این نتایج مؤید آن است هنگامی که محیط الاستیک بسیار صلب است، بار کمانش برای هر دو مدل وینکلر و پاسترناک مستقل از مقدار این دو مدل است. همچنین مشاهده میشود که بار کمانش با افزایش تغییرات دمایی کاهش مییابد Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
153 - Developing a Resilience Model for SMEs in Crisis: A Mixed Method Approach
PEYMAN parvari Mahdieh Jalalpour Hosein Rahmanseresht Vahid NsehifarSmall and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in time of crisis and environmental challenges present resilience as a behavior with the aim of improving performance and coherence. The purpose of this study is to provide a model for resilience of small and medium enterprises MoreSmall and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in time of crisis and environmental challenges present resilience as a behavior with the aim of improving performance and coherence. The purpose of this study is to provide a model for resilience of small and medium enterprises in crisis situations. In this study, Covid-19 pandemic was considered as an example of crisis conditions. This study was conducted through a mixed approach. So, for data collection in the qualitative stage, semi-structured interviews were performed with 36 experts who have experience and knowledge in this field, and in the quantitative stage, a research questionnaire was distributed among 269 participants. Analysis of research data was performed by thematic analysis and structural equation modeling. The results identified the capabilities for resilience of SMEs in crisis situations, which consists of four levels: (1) Individual level includes individual empowerment and development of competencies, (2) The level of the organization, including marketing orientation, strategic orientation, preparation of infrastructure, strict financial system, reform of structures and processes and human resource management, (3) Industry level includes closer customer interactions, competitor monitoring and supplier management, (4) Institutional level, including public sector support and the establishment of supporting associations and community. The model obtained from this study shows that the creation of internal and external capacities and contexts leads to the continuation of SMEs in crisis situations and rapid response to adapt with emerging uncertainties and requirements. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
154 - Presenting the Value Creation Model in SMEs Accepted in the Tehran Stock Exchange based on the Grounded theory
Sara monajem farzin rezaei AKBAR alem tabriziToday, the competitive pressures and environmental uncertainty, value-added creation is highly regarded by all stakeholders in organizations, and value creation in order to maintain stakeholder satisfaction and wealth creation is much needed. On the other hand, poor str MoreToday, the competitive pressures and environmental uncertainty, value-added creation is highly regarded by all stakeholders in organizations, and value creation in order to maintain stakeholder satisfaction and wealth creation is much needed. On the other hand, poor strategic performance in companies indicates the need for value creation. Due to the extensive literature and the lack of a general model for value creation in small and medium-Sized enterprises (SMEs) listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange, the present study seeks to provide a conceptual model of value creation through the study of studies. In this research, based on the qualitative research method based on the data theory of the Strauss and Corbin model foundation, the value creation model is designed using the three-step open, axial and selective coding method and their classification with MAXQDA 2020 software. The results of data analysis and aggregation are classified in the form of 769 primary codes, 38 categories and 6 main dimensions. Underlying factors (corporate and financial), intervention factors, strategies (strategic innovation strategy, strategic financial management, change direction / reduction, strategic alliance) and consequences (economic, social and financial). Also, the proposed model leads to a better understanding of SME managers of the relationship between value creation criteria and value creation Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
155 - Optimization of in vitro propagation of jujube (Ziziphus jujuba) cultivar Tian-yuzao
Seyedehsara Mousavi Pezhman Moradi Seied Mehdi MiriAbstract Jujube tree is one of the most important medicinal plants. The propagation of this plant is low using seed and sucker, therefore, by applying the micropropgation technique, the amount of propagation can be considerably increased. In order to study the effect of MoreAbstract Jujube tree is one of the most important medicinal plants. The propagation of this plant is low using seed and sucker, therefore, by applying the micropropgation technique, the amount of propagation can be considerably increased. In order to study the effect of culture media and growth regulators on proliferation and rooting of jujube cultivar Tian-yuzao, this experiment was conducted as a factorial experiment in a completely randomized design with four replications. For proliferation, MS and WPM culture media supplemented with 0, 0.1, 0.5, 1 and 2 mg.l-1 BA (benzyladenine), and for rooting, the mentioned culture media containing 0, 1, 5 and 10 mg.l-1 IBA (indole-butyric acid) were used. Based on the results of analysis of variance, there was no significant difference between MS and WPM for proliferation and rooting traits. The results of the mean comparison showed that the highest percentage of proliferation (73-76%) and number of shoots (3.1-3) were obtained in medium containing 1 and 2 mg.l-1 BA, but the maximum shoot length (74 mm), fresh weight (296 mg) and dry weight (44 mg) were observed in media supplemented with 1 mg.l-1. Rooting percentage, number of root and root length of all media containing IBA were not significantly different but showed significant increase compared to control. Adaptation results showed that over 87% of plantlets survived in the bed of clay: peat: vermiculite: perlite (1:1:1:1). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
156 - Investigating the effect of planting density and variety on greenhouse production of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L .)
بردیا Bayat محمدحسین Ansari مرجان Diyanat علی Mohammadi . torkashvandThe large fluctuations of the final yield of greenhouse cucumber are of great importance in Iran due to its very large cultivated area, so that 76.47% of all greenhouses in the country are under cucumber cultivation. In order to investigate the effect of crop density an MoreThe large fluctuations of the final yield of greenhouse cucumber are of great importance in Iran due to its very large cultivated area, so that 76.47% of all greenhouses in the country are under cucumber cultivation. In order to investigate the effect of crop density and variety in the production of greenhouse cucumber (Cucumis sativus), a factorial experiment was conducted in the form of a basic design of randomized complete blocks in 3 replications during 2016 and 2017. Based on this, single-flowered, double-flowered, medium-flowered and multi-flowered cucumber cultivars were cultivated in different planting densities of 37, 42 and 47 cm. The results of the research showed that the highest production productivity was achieved in the planting density of 42 cm between the plants and the selection of multi-flowered cultivars with a maximum yield of 270 tons per hectare, and the lowest yield was obtained in single-flowered cultivars with a planting density of 37 cm. meter and numerical value of 197 tons per hectare was obtained. Therefore, the main reason for the decrease in cucumber yield in Tehran province was the selection of low-flowering cultivars with inappropriate planting density. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
157 - Examining dimensions of organizational entrepreneurship performance in small and medium businesses
Kamran lashgari Sadegh Abedi رضا احتشام راثیConsidering that the performance of organizational entrepreneurship in small and medium-sized businesses faces different environmental conditions, it is not possible to use the same performance evaluation approach. The main issue in this research is; what variables are MoreConsidering that the performance of organizational entrepreneurship in small and medium-sized businesses faces different environmental conditions, it is not possible to use the same performance evaluation approach. The main issue in this research is; what variables are effective in evaluating organizational entrepreneurship performance in small and medium businesses and how can this performance be evaluated by designing a fuzzy expert model. This research is modeling in terms of practical purpose and method. In this research, the primary variables effective in evaluating organizational entrepreneurship performance were selected and the final variables were selected with the help of a group of industry experts using the fuzzy Delphi method and in two rounds. Mamdani fuzzy expert system and triangular membership functions were selected for input and output variables for modeling. The final input variables include the development of new products, job creation, new market creation, income level, market share, and the output variable of the model includes the levels of organizational entrepreneurship performance. After extracting the decision variables, using the fuzzy expert system, the five-level model was designed and validated. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
158 - Designing an entrepreneurship education model for the success of small and medium businesses
ali Shabani Kalate Molla Mohammadgholi Fereydoon azma parviz saeidi Tayebeh tajariThe main objective of this research is providing an entrepreneurship education model for small and medium-sized businesses. To this end, the dimensions and indicators were identified and the initial model was developed by examining the models and theories related to the MoreThe main objective of this research is providing an entrepreneurship education model for small and medium-sized businesses. To this end, the dimensions and indicators were identified and the initial model was developed by examining the models and theories related to the factors affecting the creation of entrepreneurship and exploratory interview with some experts. Then, the Delphi panel consisting of 20 experts was formed. The questionnaires were distributed and their opinions were analyzed. The result showed that entrepreneurship education for small and medium enterprises consists of the skill dimensions of IT, technical, entrepreneurial, and management. These dimensions consist of 47 indicators. Reliability of the questionnaire was obtained equal to 0.89 using SPSS software and Cronbach's alpha. Express Choice Software was used to determine the priority of each of the dimensions and indicators of the paired comparison technique. The results showed that entrepreneurial skills play the most important role in creating small and medium-sized businesses. In order to determine the effectiveness of the model, 384 samples were selected from the graduates and the final questionnaire was provided to them. In this case, the difference between the scores before and after training was considered as a dependent variable. Using SPSS software and multiple regression analysis, the positive relationship of entrepreneurship education was confirmed with IT, technical, entrepreneurship, and management skills. The results of modeling with Amos software also showed a positive and significant relationship between skills and entrepreneurship education. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
159 - Social rereading of Kayumars’s myth with respect to Iran’s cultural medium
ali ziaaddini dashtekhaki Mahdokht Porkhaleghi ChatrudiSocial rereading of Kayumars’s myth with respect to Iran’s cultural medium *Ali Zia oddini Dasht Khaki PhD Student, Persian Literature, Ferdowsi University, Mashhad, Iran **Mahdokht Pour Khaleghi Chatroudi Lecturer, Ferdowsi University, Mashhad, MoreSocial rereading of Kayumars’s myth with respect to Iran’s cultural medium *Ali Zia oddini Dasht Khaki PhD Student, Persian Literature, Ferdowsi University, Mashhad, Iran **Mahdokht Pour Khaleghi Chatroudi Lecturer, Ferdowsi University, Mashhad, Iran Date of reception: 96/8/14 Date of acceptance: 96/11/15 Abstract Myths are closely related to social issues. Social rereading of this relation necessitates a theoretical background in order to explain the relationship between the text and its medium. The relation between Literature and society is defined according to the sociological parameters of the cultural medium since this medium is the arena where all cultural creations particularly literary ones through different forces cause a cultural action to take place. Using content analysis and documentary search method, this research seeks to study Kayumars’s myth according to Persian cultural medium. The results found are as follows: Since mythological tales in Shahnameh are narrated within a historical time span, dealing with myths is considered as a kind of deliberate return to the myths whose most dominant aspect is the social one. The existence of numerous narratives of Kayumars’s tale within the cultural medium and Ferdowsi’s particular choice of these narratives is indicative of certain social consciousness which is connected to the social Persian medium of Ferdowsi’s time. In textual structures of kayumars’s myth in Shahnameh there are instances which refer to the religious aspect, social norms of the society of the time and also refer how Ferdowsi had been under the influence of social movements and central powers of his time. * . aliziairan@yahoo.com ** . mahdokhtpourkhaleghi@gmail.com Manuscript profile
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