Advanced Factors Affecting Microalgae Large-Scale Cultivation and Their Effects on Productivity Improvement
Subject Areas : microalgaeSasan Ghobadian 1 , Neda Soltani 2
1 - Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Malayer National University, Malayer, Iran
2 - Department of Petroleum Microbiology, Research Institute of Applied Basic Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
Keywords: Culture Medium, Recycled water in cultivation, Shear stress in microalgae, Large-scale cultivation, Cultivation of microalgae,
Abstract :
Perhaps talking about the use of microalgae species in various fields, global approaches to increase the productivity and شchieving economic superiority alongside لreat environmental benefits وis superfluous.Some of these factors such as illumination conditions, temperature, nutrient concentration, CO2 content and the like have been researched befor. Therefore, in this article, simply review researches that focuses on some less tested factors but with significant effects on increasing culture productivity, especially on a large scale.Therefore, at first, different cultivation environments including fresh water, sea water and sewage for use in mass cultivation are described and compared and the superior species of each environment are introduced. Then different culture methods including photototrophic, heterotrophic, mixotrophic and photothetrophic were compare. Reuse of recycled water for microalgae cultivation process to reduce treatment and pumping costs and related challenges is considered. Finally, the effect of shear stresses (coused by equipments and is a major concern in large-scale cultivation) on cultivation productivity and ways to reduce these effects is considered.
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Cheah, W. Y., Ling, T. C., Show, P. L., Juan, J. C., Chang, J. S. and Lee, D. J. (2016). Cultivation in wastewaters for energy: a microalgae platform. Applied Energy, 179:609-625.
Cheirsilp, B. and Torpee, S. (2012). Enhanced growth and lipid production of microalgae under mixotrophic culture condition: effect of light intensity, glucose concentration and fed-batch cultivation. Bioresource Technology, 110:510-516.
Chen, C.-Y., Yeh, K.-L., Aisyah, R., Lee, D. J.and Chang, J. S. (2011). Cultivation, photobioreactor design and harvesting of microalgae for biodiesel production: a critical review. Bioresource Technology, 102(1):71-81.
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Chisti, Y. (2000). Animal-cell damage in sparged bioreactors. Trends in biotechnology, 18(10): 420-432.
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Abdel-Raouf, N., Al-Homaidan, A. and Ibraheem, I. (2012). Microalgae and wastewater treatment. Saudi J Biology Science, 19: 257–275.
Al Hattab, M., Ghaly, A. and Hammouda, A. (2015). Microalgae harvesting methods for industrial production of biodiesel: critical review and comparative analysis. Journal of Fundamentals of Renewable Energy and Applications, 5(2):1000154.
Álvarez-Díaz, P., Ruiz, J., Arbib, Z., Barragán, J., Garrido-Pérez, M. and Perales, J. (2017). Freshwater microalgae selection for simultaneous wastewater nutrient removal and lipid production. Algal Research, 24:477-485.
Babu, A. G., Wu, X., Kabra, A. N. and Kim, D. P. (2017). Cultivation of an indigenous Chlorella sorokiniana with phytohormones for biomass and lipid production under N-limitation. Algal Research, 23:178-185.
Bernaerts, T. M., Panozzo, A., Doumen, V., Foubert, I., Gheysen, L., Goiris, K. and Van Loey, A. M. (2017). Microalgal biomass as a (multi) functional ingredient in food products: Rheological properties of microalgal suspensions as affected by mechanical and thermal processing. Algal Research, 25:452-463.
Chalmers, J. J. (2015). Mixing, aeration and cell damage, 30+ years later: what we learned, how it affected the cell culture industry and what we would like to know more about. Current Opinion in Chemical Engineering, 10:94-102.
Che, R., Ding, K., Huang, L., Zhao, P., Xu, J.-W., Li, T. and Yu, X. (2016). Enhancing biomass and oil accumulation of Monoraphidium sp. FXY-10 by combined fulvic acid and two-step cultivation. Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers, 67:161-165.
Cheah, W. Y., Ling, T. C., Show, P. L., Juan, J. C., Chang, J. S. and Lee, D. J. (2016). Cultivation in wastewaters for energy: a microalgae platform. Applied Energy, 179:609-625.
Cheirsilp, B. and Torpee, S. (2012). Enhanced growth and lipid production of microalgae under mixotrophic culture condition: effect of light intensity, glucose concentration and fed-batch cultivation. Bioresource Technology, 110:510-516.
Chen, C.-Y., Yeh, K.-L., Aisyah, R., Lee, D. J.and Chang, J. S. (2011). Cultivation, photobioreactor design and harvesting of microalgae for biodiesel production: a critical review. Bioresource Technology, 102(1):71-81.
Chen, P., Min, M., Chen, Y., Wang, L., Li, Y., Chen, Q. and Cheng, Y. (2010). Review of biological and engineering aspects of algae to fuels approach. International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, 2(4):1-30.
Chew, K. W., Chia, S. R., Show, P. L., Yap, Y. J., Ling, T. C. and Chang, J. S. (2018). Effects of water culture medium, cultivation systems and growth modes for microalgae cultivation: A review. Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers, 91:332-344.
Chisti, Y. (2000). Animal-cell damage in sparged bioreactors. Trends in biotechnology, 18(10): 420-432.
Chiu, S. Y., Kao, C. Y., Chen, C. H., Kuan, T.C., Ong, S. C. and Lin, C. S. (2008). Reduction of CO2 by a high-density culture of Chlorella sp. in a semicontinuous photobioreactor. Bioresource Technology, 99(9):3389-3396.
Chojnacka, K. and Marquez-Rocha, F. J. (2004). Kinetic and stoichiometric relationships of the energy and carbon metabolism in the culture of microalgae. Biotechnology, 3(1):21-34.
Contreras, A., García, F., Molina, E. and Merchuk, J. (1998). Interaction between CO2‐mass transfer, light availability, and hydrodynamic stress in the growth of Phaeodactylum tricornutum in a concentric tube airlift photobioreactor. Biotechnology and Bioengineering, 60(3):317-325.
Duong, V.T., Li, Y., Nowak, E. and Schenk, P.M. (2012). Microalgae isolation and selection for prospective biodiesel production. Energies, 5(6):1835-1849.
Gallardo‐Rodríguez, J., García‐Camacho, F., Sánchez‐Mirón, A., López‐Rosales, L., Chisti, Y. and Molina‐Grima, E. (2012). Shear‐induced changes in membrane fluidity during culture of a fragile dinoflagellate microalga. Biotechnology Progress, 28(2):467-473.
Gallardo Rodríguez, J., Sánchez Mirón, A., García Camacho, F., García, C., Belarbi, E., Chisti, Y. and Molina Grima, E. (2011). Carboxymethyl cellulose and Pluronic F68 protect the dinoflagellate Protoceratium reticulatum against shear-associated damage. Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering, 34(1):3-12.
Ghobadian, S., Ganjidoust, H., Ayati, B. and Soltani, N. (2018). Chlorophyll and Carotenoid Optimization of Spirulina Biomass by Innovative Photobioreactor. Modares Journal of Biotechnology, 9(3):483-494.
Ghobadian, S., Ganjidoust, H., Ayati, B. and Soltani, N. (2018). The innovative engineered photobioreactor to optimize the amount of microalgae Spirulina biomass. Nova Biol Repert, 5(1):13-25.
Gonçalves, A. L., Pires, J. C. and Simões, M. (2017). A review on the use of microalgal consortia for wastewater treatment. Algal Research, 24:403-415.
Gouveia, L., Graça, S., Sousa, C., Ambrosano, L., Ribeiro, B., Botrel, E. P. and Silva, C. M. (2016). Microalgae biomass production using wastewater: treatment and costs: scale-up considerations. Algal Research, 16:167-176.
Greene, C.H., Huntley, M.E., Archibald, I., Gerber, L.N., Sills, D.L., Granados, J. and Bidigare, R.R. (2016). Marine microalgae: climate, energy, and food security from the sea. Oceanography, 29(4):10-15.
Guccione, A., Biondi, N., Sampietro, G., Rodolfi, L., Bassi, N. and Tredici, M. R. (2014). Chlorella for protein and biofuels: from strain selection to outdoor cultivation in a Green Wall Panel photobioreactor. Biotechnology for Biofuels, 7(1):1-12.
Hodaifa, G., Martínez, M. E., Órpez, R. and Sánchez, S. (2010). Influence of hydrodynamic stress in the growth of Scenedesmus obliquus using a culture medium based on olive-mill wastewater. Chemical Engineering and Processing: Process Intensification, 49(11):1161-1168.
Huang, G., Chen, F., Wei, D., Zhang, X. and Chen, G. (2010). Biodiesel production by microalgal biotechnology. Applied Energy, 87(1):38-46.
Juhl, A. R., Velazquez, V. and Latz, M.I. (2000). Effect of growth conditions on flow‐induced inhibition of population growth of a red‐tide dinoflagellate. Limnology and Oceanography, 45(4):905-915.
Kalana, U., Kalpage, C. and Yatigammana, S. (2016). Evaluation of the suitable environmental conditions for selected freshwater microalgae species with the potential for the production of biodiesel. Ceylon Journal of Science, 45(3).
Kaspar, H.F., Keys, E.F., King, N., Smith, K.F., Kesarcodi-Watson, A. and Miller, M.R. (2014). Continuous production of Chaetoceros calcitrans in a system suitable for commercial hatcheries. Aquaculture, 420:1-9.
Kightlinger, W., Chen, K., Pourmir, A., Crunkleton, D. W., Price, G. L.and Johannes, T. W. (2014). Production and characterization of algae extract from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Electronic Journal of Biotechnology, 17(1):3-3.
Kilham, S., Kreeger, D., Goulden, C. and Lynn, S. (1997). Effects of nutrient limitation on biochemical constituents of Ankistrodesmus falcatus. Freshwater Biology, 38(3):591-596.
Kim, B.-H., Kang, Z., Ramanan, R., Choi, J. E., Cho, D. H., Oh, H. M. and Kim, H.-S. (2014). Nutrient removal and biofuel production in high rate algal pond using real municipal wastewater. Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 24(8):1123-1132.
Kong, W.-B., Hua, S.-F., Cao, H., Mu, Y.-W., Yang, H., Song, H. and Xia, C.-G. (2012). Optimization of mixotrophic medium components for biomass production and biochemical composition biosynthesis by Chlorella vulgaris using response surface methodology. Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers, 43(3):360-367.
Kumar, K., Mishra, S. K., Shrivastav, A., Park, M. S. and Yang, J. W. (2015). Recent trends in the mass cultivation of algae in raceway ponds. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 51:875-885.
Lecina, M., Nadal, G., Solà, C., Prat, J. and Cairó, J.J. (2016). Optimization of ferric chloride concentration and pH to improve both cell growth and flocculation in Chlorella vulgaris cultures. Application to medium reuse in an integrated continuous culture bioprocess. Bioresource Technology, 216:211-218.
Lee, S.-J., Go, S., Jeong, G.-T. and Kim, S.-K. (2011). Oil production from five marine microalgae for the production of biodiesel. Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering, 16(3):561-566.
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