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Open Access Article

1 - Conceptualization of business excellence model: Based on future study approach
Yousof Malek Mirzaee Mohammad Mahmoudi Maymand Ali Rajabzadeh Mahmoud Samiei Nasr

This is a philosophical study with critical paradigm, using symbolic interactionism with fundamental orientation, inductive reasoning, the qualitative library-based approach, the Grounded Theory, meta-synthesis and the content analysis method. It aims to describe and ex More

This is a philosophical study with critical paradigm, using symbolic interactionism with fundamental orientation, inductive reasoning, the qualitative library-based approach, the Grounded Theory, meta-synthesis and the content analysis method. It aims to describe and explore the business excellence model and identify its variables and indicators based on a futuristic approach. Using the meta-synthesis and meta-analysis techniques, the methods involve open, axial and selective coding, resulting in a new concept. The required data were collected through a review and study of the documents on business excellence models. The study specifically focused on the models set forth in valid magazines and journals with the theoretical sampling logic in order to reach theoretical saturation. We used two long-term and holistic participatory strategies for validity, as well as two coders with agreement on open coding for reliability. We used the MAXQDA software for data analysis. The findings of this study were obtained from 101 conceptual models of business excellence and 869 concepts or open codes at the coding stage. Then the basic codes with the same meanings were divided into 24 major categories, which led to the creation of five dimensions at the selective coding stage and a theoretical concept with the dimensions of people, market, work, management, and underlying factors. This theory made an important contribution to the success of small and medium-sized businesses by taking into account the new paradigms for assessing businesses in the future. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

2 - Identification Challenges for fitting out of Government Structure Using Multi-criteria Decision-Making Approaches (MCDM)
masoud bastami reza najafbagy kramallah Daneshfard Adel Fatmi

the structure of organization of states is shaped by the purposes, necessities, needs and necessities of every era. With this aim, the main purpose of this research is to present a model of the challenges of fitting the structure of the government in implementing a comp More

the structure of organization of states is shaped by the purposes, necessities, needs and necessities of every era. With this aim, the main purpose of this research is to present a model of the challenges of fitting the structure of the government in implementing a comprehensive reform of the administrative system. This research in terms of collecting data is a descriptive-survey research,, and in terms of research purposes is an applied research. The statistical population of the research has been scientific and executive experts in the academic environment and governmental organizations. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect data, and to analysis the data multi-criteria decision-making approaches (MCDM) was used. In this research, by examining the literature of research and interviewing with experts, 66 indicators were identified and extracted. After judging the experts, using Fuzzy Delphi test, 29 indicators were approved and organized in 5 main components. The results of the Dematel test (studying the effectiveness and impact of variables) showed that the variables of privatization, decentralization and proportionalization, effectiveness variables, and the state structure and bureaucracy are impact variables. Interpretative structural modeling analysis also showed that variables were classified in two levels. At the highest level, the component of bureaucracy and at the lowest level are the components of government structure, adjustment, privatization and decentralization. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

3 - Technology Forecasting Based on Text Mining Patents and Cluster Analysis: Case Study Photovoltaic Technology
Zohre Bayanloo Habib Zare Ahmadabadi

Nowadays, solar energy has been utilized in various ways and photovoltaic technology is one of them. Photovoltaic phenomena is a phenomena in which solar energy  converts to the electrical energy “direct”. Shrinkage of fossil fuel resources as the curre More

Nowadays, solar energy has been utilized in various ways and photovoltaic technology is one of them. Photovoltaic phenomena is a phenomena in which solar energy  converts to the electrical energy “direct”. Shrinkage of fossil fuel resources as the current main source of energy, is one of the main concerns of today’s world. Because of the solar energy has attracted attentions as an alternative for fossil fuels recently. Technology forecasting has been defined as pre-realization of promising future technology progresses and assessment of its potential. Researchers use numerous methods to forecast technology and analysis of patent is one of them. In this article international patents, related to the area, which are registered in USPTO from 1985 to 2016 has been extracted. By implementation of text mining and two step clustering approach, it turns out that there is research gaps in this sector of technology which is not considered. As the result, research gaps and future research opportunities for researchers were identified and presented. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

4 - A Comparative Analysis of Mission and Vision Statements of Top Fortune Companies and Iranian Companies in Food Industry using Text Mining and Clustering
Mohsen Shafei nik abadi Ata Karbasi kheyr

Mission and vision statement have an important role in company’s strategic goals and direction, so content analysis of such documents has a positive influence on company’s success. Food industry, as a major means of meeting one of people’s most essenti More

Mission and vision statement have an important role in company’s strategic goals and direction, so content analysis of such documents has a positive influence on company’s success. Food industry, as a major means of meeting one of people’s most essential needs, requires to be improved. Therefore, we aimed to analyze the mission and vision statement of top food industry companies in Iran and the world to understand about similarities and differences in their strategic alignments. The current research is conducted on 53 companies from top 500 fortune list and 42 Iranian pioneer companies based on ministry of industry and mining list. We used text mining technique to process the documents and clustered them into distinct groups by K-Means algorithm. Finally, we ranked the important roots in each cluster using SAW method. Then, we compared the clusters based on their essential components. The findings indicate that while foreign companies focus on customers and image creation, Iranian companies care about products, development and stating general concepts.   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

5 - Review of Research Trend in Electronic Governance
Fatemeh Abbasi Jafar mahmudi Mojtaba Aghajantabar

In this research we aimed to investigate electronic governance trends and uses meta-synthesis for selecting and reviewing papers in scientific database in electronic governance dealt. We use science measurement and network analysis to complete our survey. After a review More

In this research we aimed to investigate electronic governance trends and uses meta-synthesis for selecting and reviewing papers in scientific database in electronic governance dealt. We use science measurement and network analysis to complete our survey. After a review article on findings in most inclined, conducted research techniques, original and influential works, authors, journals and discussed the main countries leading in this area. The process, procedures, techniques and tools, structure, concepts, models of the original concept, the main theories and paradigms, paradigms of thought and philosophy, science map and summing up the results of the findings of this study.. Electronic governance emphasis on interaction between government, private sector and citizens in using information technology drivers. We survey the interaction between electronic government, electronic commerce and electronic democracy. Reviewing article show that interpretive paradigm dominate in this field . The major areas of research are qualitative and objective view of the nature of the problem and are often descriptive and evaluative. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

6 - Design and Implementation of an Appropriate Model for Allocating Bank Loans
M. E. Mohammad Pourzarandi M. Minouei H. Nikoomaram

One of the main activities of the commercial banks is to offer financial facilities. Usually, these financialfacilities are considered as a main asset and a primary source for bank revenues. These facilities can alsobring most risks for the banks. Two major activities o More

One of the main activities of the commercial banks is to offer financial facilities. Usually, these financialfacilities are considered as a main asset and a primary source for bank revenues. These facilities can alsobring most risks for the banks. Two major activities of each bank are to attract and lend out funds. Thesuccession degree of a bank extremely depends on the optimum allocation of the funds. The aims of thisresearch consist on designing a mathematical model to optimize the allocation of funds for commercialbanks, designing a software for portfolio management of facilities, attracting profitable customers anddecreasing delayed or unpaid debts. In This research, Islamic contracts are used for modeling and the creditrisk is defined by the probability of a costumer's default. To avoid complication of the model and problemsolutions, which are caused by the plurality of the decision making variables and the constraints, a linearprogramming model have been used. The statistical population is state commercial banks and the sample isthe Bank of Mellat, using the year 2004 data. The main reason to choose the Bank of Mellat wereaccessibility and availability of the statistical data and bank information. The Designed model and thesoftware attained from this research can be used in all commercial banks and financial and credit institutions. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

7 - -Qurān and Akhbār ad-Dawla al-Ābbāsīyya: An Intertextual Study
zeinab izadi Masoud Sadeghi

10.30495/jhcin.2021.17741

Akhbār ad-Dawla al-Ābbāsīyya is a new work from an unknown writer which had an important role in changing researchers view on the Abbasid revolution and the principles of Caliphate. In this book, Qur’ânicization and the Citation from the Qur’an have fo More

Akhbār ad-Dawla al-Ābbāsīyya is a new work from an unknown writer which had an important role in changing researchers view on the Abbasid revolution and the principles of Caliphate. In this book, Qur’ânicization and the Citation from the Qur’an have four methods: literary use of the Qur’an,  putting verses in the new historical context and presenting a different interpretation of them, historization and legitimization by using Quranic terms. According to the intertextuality studies, we can say that the Qur’an has certainly affected this book. The various goals of the Citation from the Qur’an are improving of the writing style of the text, creation of religious space  and giving the authenticity to a narration or even legitimization to the Abbasid Caliphate. Moreover, Akhbar ad-Dawla al-Abbasiyya  shows that the writer knew the Qur’an well, used it skillfully and his mind is too familiar to words, terms and verses of the Qur’an Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

8 - The Theory of Intertextuality as a Research Approach in Social History Studies; Ali ibn Abi Talib in the Inscriptions and Futuwat-namas from the Seventh to the Tenth Centuries H.
Nasim Khalili Mahdi Farahani Monfared

The aim of this article is to study the legend of Ali b. Abi Talib (puh) during Iranian Medieval history in a wide range of fields from architecture to literature and folklore. The author used the intertextuality approach and on basis of Roland Barthes's method, tries t More

The aim of this article is to study the legend of Ali b. Abi Talib (puh) during Iranian Medieval history in a wide range of fields from architecture to literature and folklore. The author used the intertextuality approach and on basis of Roland Barthes's method, tries to clarify how the legend personality of Ali has been formed and re-produced through a cultural network during centuries.  References Afshar, Iraj, Yādigār-hā-yi Yazd, Tehran, Andjuman-i āthār wa mafākhir-i farhangī, 1995/1374. Afshari, Mehran, Futūwwat nāma-hā wa rasāil-i khaksāriyya, Tehran, Institute For Humanities & Cultural Studies, 2003/1382. Ahmadi, Babak, Sākhtār-i tawīl wa matn (the structure of text interpretation), Tehran, Nas̲h̲r-i- Markaz, 1991/1370. Ahmadi, Babak, Risāla-i tarīkh, djustārī dar Hirminūtīk-i Tarīkh (An essay on history- the Hermeneutic vision of history), Tehran, Mazkaz, 1999/1378. Alan, Graham, Biynāmatnīyat, (Intertextuality), trans. Payam yazdanju, Tehran, Nas̲h̲r-i  Markaz, 2001/1380. Azam Vaqefi, Seyyed Hussein, Mīrāth-i  farhangī-yi naṭanz, Natanz, Andjuman-i Mīrāth-i farhangī, 1995/1374. Barthes, Roland, “Guftār-i takhī” (The Discourse of History),trans. Fazlollah Pakzad, Arghinun, No.4, pp. 96-83, 1994/1373. Ibid, Usṭūria-yi imrūz (Myth today) trans. Shirin Dokht Daghighian, Tehran, markaz, 2007/ 1386. Ibid, Ladhdhat-i matn (The pleasure of text), trans. Payam Yazdanjoo, Tehran, markaz, 2006/ 1385. Blair, Sheila, Mimārī īlkhānī dar naṭanz(The Ilkhanid Shrine Complex At Natanz, Iran), trans. Wali Allah Kavoosi, Tehran, The Iranian Academy Of Arts, 2008/1387. Braudel, Fernand, Sarmāyia-Dārī wa ḥayāt-i  Mādī 1400 Tā 1800 Mīlādī( Capitalism & Material Life, 1400-1800), trans. Behzad Bashi, Tehran, Niy, 1993/1372. Godard, André, Āthār-i Iran (Annales des services archéologiques d'Iran), trans. Abual-Hasan Sarvghad Moghaddam, Mashhad, Islamic Research Foundation, 1996/1375. Gūlpīnārlī, ʿAbd al-Bāḳī, Futuwwat dar kishwar-hā-yi Islāmī, trans. Tofigh H. Sobhani, Tehran, Ruzana, 2000/1379. Hamzelu, Manouchehr, “Nām-i ʿAlī bar gunbad-i sulṭāniyya”,  Kitāb-i māh hunar, No.32-32, 2001/1380. Honarfar, lotf- Allah, Gandjīna-yi Āthār-i  Tarīkh-yi  Iṣfahān, Isfahan, Thaḳafī, 1965/1344. Ibn Maghāzilī, Manāḳib-i Maghāzilī, Revised by Muḥammad Djawād Ayatullāh Zāda Marʿashī Nadjafī, Qom, The library of Ayatollah Marashi Najafi, 1957/1336. Ibn  Miʿmār, Muḥammad b. Abu al- Makārim, Kitāb al-Futuwwat, Revised by Muṣṭafā Djawād, Baghdād, Maktab-i  al- Muthannā, 1957/1336. Kalbasi, Hossein & Ahmadi, Gholamhossein, “Hirminūtīk fan-i  ʿām-i fahm wa tafsīr az nazargāh-i Schleiermacher”, The University of Tabriz Journal of Literature and Humanities, No. 205, 1999/1378. Kashefi Sabzevari, Molla Hissein, Futuwwat-nāma-yi sulṭānī, Revised by Muhammad Jafar Mahjoub, Tehran, Cultural foundation of Iran, 1971/1350. Kristeva, Julia, Fardīyat-i  Ishtirākī(Head Cases: Julia Kristeva on Philosophy and Art in Depressed Times- Julia Kristeva, interview by Nina Zivancevic), trans. Mehrdad Parsa, Tehran, Rozbihān, 2010/1389. Ibid, “Kalām, mukālima wa rumān” dar Payam Yazdanjoo, ba sū-yi pasāmudirn: pasāsākhtār-garā-yī dar mutāliāt-i adabī, Tehran, markaz, 2002/ 1381. Lechte, John, Pandjāh mutafakkir-i Buzurg-i muāṣir az sākhtār-garā-yī tā pasāmudirnīta(Fifty keyContemporary thinkers: from structuralism to postmodernity), trans. Mohsen Hakimi, Tehran,  Khudjasta, 2004/1383. Lévi-Strauss, Claude, Nizhād wa Tarīkh (Race et histoire), trans. Abolhassan Najafi, Tehran, Pazhūhishkada-yi ʿulūm-i Irtibāṭī wa tawsiʿya-i Iran, (und.). Makaryk, Irena Rima, Dānish- nāma naẓariyya-hā-yi adabī muāṣir, trans. Mehran Mohajer & Muhammad Nabawi, Tehran, Āgah, 2005/1384. Mazzaoui, Michel, Piydāyish-i Dawlat Safawī (The origins of Safawids), trans. Yaghoub Azhand, Tehran, Gustara, 1984/1363. Mcquillan, Martin, Guzīda-yi Maḳālāt-i Rawāyat( The narraitive reader), trans. Fattah Muhammadi, Tehran, Mīnuwī-yi khirad, 2009/1388. Mirzaei, Faramarz, Rawish-i guftumān kāwī-yi shir, Iranian association of the Arabic language and literature, No.4, 2005/ 1384. Modarressi Tabatabaei, Seyyed Hosseien, Turbat-i pākān, Qom, Mihr-i ḳum, 1956/1335. Mostafavi, Seyyed Mohammad Taqi, Āthār-i tarīkh-yi Tehran, Revised by Mir Hashem Mohades, Tehran, Society For The Appreciation Of Cultural Works & Dignitaries, 1996/1375. Namvar motlagh, Bahman, Darāmadī bar Baynāmatnīyat, naẓariyya-hā wa kārburd-ha, Tehran, Sukhan, 2011/1390. Nietzsche, Friedrich Wilhelm & others, Hirminūtīk-i mudirn, Guzīna-yi djustār-hā, trans. Babak Ahmadi, Mehran Mohajer, Mohammad Nabavi, Tehran, Nashr-i  Markaz, 2006/1385. Safavi, Kourosh, “Munāsibāt-i- Baynāmatnīyatī”, dar Hasan Anushe, Dānishnama adab-i farsī, Tehran, Sāzmān-i čāp wa intishārāt, 1997/1376. Sarraf, morteza, Rasāil djavānmardān(traits des compagnons- chevaliers: Rasail-e javanmardan), Tehran, Andjuman iranshināsī Iran wa France wa intishārāt-i  Muʿīn, 1991/1370. Sasani, Farhad,“Pīshīnia wa Pasīnia-yi Naḳd-i- Baynāmatnīyatī” , Baynāb, No. 5-6, 2004/1383. Shayestehfar, Mahnaz,“Djāyigāh-i  ḳurʾān, ḥadīth wa adʿiyya dar katībia-hā-yi  islāmī”, Human sciences Modares, No. 23, pp. 94-57, 2001/1380. Ibid,“Tazʾīnāt katībia-iy gunbad-i sulṭāniyya”, Journal of fine arts, No. 11, 2001/1380. Strinati, Dominic, Muḳaddima-iy bar naẓarīya-hā-yi farhang-i An introduction to theories popular cultur), trans. Soraya Pak- Nazar, Tehran, Gām-i nū, 2009/1388. Tarsusi, Abu Tahir, Abu Muslim nāma, Revised by Hossein Esmaeili, Andjuman iranshināsī-yi France dar Iran wa Nashr-i ḳaṭra, 2001/1380. Todorov, Tzvetan, Būṭīḳā-yi sākhtār-garā (Qu'est - ce que le structuralisme), trans. Muhammad Nabawi, Tehran,Āgah,1998/ 1377. Vaezi, Ahmad, Darāmadī bar hirminūtīk, Tehran, Mawasisa-yi Farhangī-i dānish wa andīsha muʿāṣir, 1380/2001. Vakiliyan, seyyed ahmad & salehi, khosrow, Ḥaḍrat-i Alī dar ḳiṣṣa- hā-yi āmīyāna, Tehran, Ministry Of Culture & Islamic Guidance, 2001/1380. Zaimaran, Muhammad, Gudhar az djahān-i usṭura ba falsafa, Tehran, Iran Hermes publishers, 2000/1379. Zamrashidi, Hossein, “siyrī dar namāsāzī-yi masādjid dar adwār-i islāmī”, Masdjid, No. 38-37, 1998/1377.                         Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

9 - The Semantics Process of the Compound Building of Alishāh Ark in Tabrīz; an Analysis of Historical Data
Farzad Feyzi habib shahbazi karim hajizadeh

10.30495/jhcin.2021.17223

Most of socio-cultural and even political concepts and meanings in historical monuments have formed after the creation of them and in the process of audience communication with those artifacts, influenced and hide in many cases. Therefore, in order to study the process More

Most of socio-cultural and even political concepts and meanings in historical monuments have formed after the creation of them and in the process of audience communication with those artifacts, influenced and hide in many cases. Therefore, in order to study the process of semantics in Alisha Ark of Tabriz from the time of its construction in the Il-khanate period to the present time has been used descriptive-analytical approach and semiotic methods. The question is how the meanings of Ark have transformed based on surrounding context and elements of the Compound Building. The results indicate that during the Il-khanate period, the Compound Building of Alishāh was a representation of the main foundations of government, including: political power (palaces), religious power (the grand mosque and monastery) and economic power (the main part of market). In the Timurid period, its semiosis criterion was modified and divided with other monuments (the Compound Building of Mozaffariyih and the Compound Building of Sāhib-Ābbād). During the Safavid period, the original context of the ark changed and the architectural elements became a virtual representation of military power. In the Qajar period, it became a symbol of national efforts and in Pahlavi period, it was a manifestation of tradition and modernity. In the period after the Islamic Revolution, the Ark has been made both recontextualization (construction of a large musallā instead of the first Il-khanate mosque in the northern part of Ark) and has found a museum and tourism function.   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

10 - Textual Criticism of Quranic Manuscripts Based on Karl Lachmann Method
Ala Vahidnia

10.30495/jhcin.2019.14726

Accurate understanding of terms related to methods of text editing which developed in the West, can impact the researchers’ approach to editing the manuscripts of the Qur’an and can prevent possible misunderstandings and consequent incorrect results. This ar More

Accurate understanding of terms related to methods of text editing which developed in the West, can impact the researchers’ approach to editing the manuscripts of the Qur’an and can prevent possible misunderstandings and consequent incorrect results. This article, draws on the Lachmann method to express the terms related to this method in the study of early Qur'anic manuscripts. This work attempts to show that in the first step of this method called “recension”, (i.e., gathering and categorizing the surviving evidence) to what extent providing the exact instances for each term can be effective in determining the weight of each evidence in the process of editing and forming the “stemmacodicum”. The present paper also attempts to study the applicability of each of these methods principles of emendatio regarding the Qur'anic text and to examine the fruit of establishing an “apparatus criticus” of the text of the ancient Qur'anic manuscripts. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

11 - Explanation challenges and suggesting ways of Rightsizing Government's structure in performing reform planning in Iran's administrative system
masoud bastami reza najafbagy

Background: Today, the Rightsizing the structure of the government and the administrative system is one of the most controversial issues related to the administration of state affairs. Purpose: The main purpose of this research is the challenges and procedures for Righ More

Background: Today, the Rightsizing the structure of the government and the administrative system is one of the most controversial issues related to the administration of state affairs. Purpose: The main purpose of this research is the challenges and procedures for Rightsizing the structure of the government in implementing the program of reforming the administrative system. Method: This study in terms of collecting the data is a descriptive-survey research, and in terms of purposes is an applied research. . Researcher-made questionnaires were used to collect data and the data analysis was performed using SPSS and Excel software. findings In this research, by review the literature of research and interviewing experts, 66 indicators were identified and extracted. After judgment of the experts, 29 factors were confirmed by the use of the Fuzzy Delphi test and were organized in 5 main indicators. The results of the research indicated that based on independent t-test , the status quo of the organization form structure is not suitable and has a significant difference with a favorable situation. Conclusion Regarding the identified challenges, managers' attempts to Rightsizing eliminate them can be a major step in adjusting the structure of the government. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

12 - Elements of postmodern cinema in the movie “Have You Another Apple?”
Seyede Sorayya Mousavi Seyed Mohammad Mehdizade Taleshi

The current study aims to recognize the elements of postmodern cinema in the movie “Have You Another Apple?” directed by Bayram Fazli in 2006. To this end Quantitative content analysis method was used in order to achieve the goals. The unit of analysis is &l More

The current study aims to recognize the elements of postmodern cinema in the movie “Have You Another Apple?” directed by Bayram Fazli in 2006. To this end Quantitative content analysis method was used in order to achieve the goals. The unit of analysis is “scene”. Statistical population of this research is 90 scenes of movie “Have You Another Apple?”. Data were collected through the census method and were analyzed using SPSS. The findings have been analyzed based on “intertextuality” and “decline of metanarrative”. The result shows this film is a postmodern movie without a classic hero. It involves the audiences in storytelling. The film is dominated by a pseudo-surreal sphere. The postmodern films include lots of signifiers that their signified is made in audiences' minds. “Have You Another Apple?” is full of signs and symbols. Many of scenes look like painting, so it could be concluded that the figure is dominant. The main character in “Have You Another Apple?” is not like the heroes in classic films; he is immature and fool. In the most scenes of this movie, human is portrayed as a “captive”. Based on the results characters rarely try to escape from oppression, and in the most scenes they surrender. At the end of the movie, nobody overcome the oppression. The movie denies the active and aware subject and the possibility of human liberation and emancipation. This film ends while the main character running that reminds “Sisyphus Cycle and the Futility”. Manuscript profile

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13 - The Effectiveness of paragraphing of science text on Reading Comprehension, students
Atefeh Ferdosipour

The main purpose of this research was to study and compare the different type’s texts and paragraphing among majoring inpsychology and education. The sample group, who were selected through random sampling, was 300 students studying atstate universities in Tehran. More

The main purpose of this research was to study and compare the different type’s texts and paragraphing among majoring inpsychology and education. The sample group, who were selected through random sampling, was 300 students studying atstate universities in Tehran. The subjects were randomly assigned into experimental groups after random sampling. Theinstrumentation of the study included texts, text comprehension questionnaire. The collected data were analyzing applyingANOVA test. The statistical analysis indicated that text paragraphing would increase comprehension. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

14 - Expression in Iranian Architecture Experience
Ghazal Keramati Shahindokht Barghjelveh Seyed Gholamreza Islami Alireza Eynifar

    Expression in Iranian architecture experience is the main point of this article. Today, the spaces remaining from this forgotten architecture make emotional connections with people. Observation of contemporary architectural experiences and their forma More

    Expression in Iranian architecture experience is the main point of this article. Today, the spaces remaining from this forgotten architecture make emotional connections with people. Observation of contemporary architectural experiences and their formal specialties shows that being powerful to make emotional connections between the built space and the man is the common ability of stylist architects.    Now, in comparison with expressive contemporary masterpieces in the world of architecture, the purpose of this article is to prove that the Iranian architecture experience is an expressive one and unknown Iranian architects were skillful artists, who used the built space as a mould in order to express feelings and shape dialogue between man and space. They were more than just good building engineers.    The qualitative analysis of contemporary architectural experiences shows that making emotional connection is the middle step of the process of architectural design, from engineering level to the level of meaning. In this middle step, architect expresses feelings, as a stylist artist, and he may use the way of mimesis or the method of expression. If he has mimicked, then architecture is volumes of built spaces; it is repeatable. In this way of building, nature is a tool for decorating the scene and man is just spectator of a position. But, if he has expressed feelings, then architecture is emotional; it is a situation which connects man to his life space. Here, nature is essential; light , water, wind, plant, etc have been abstracted from their reality in order to be design materials; and essential form of life space is unique and creative.    If architecture is expressive, then it is a language: an order of words and their connections, which is laid beneath the surface of the artwork. As a branch of art, architecture has its own specific mould of expression: an order of things in the linguistic organization of the art of shaping human being's life space.    Built space, which is recognized by four walls, a roof and a floor, is the mould of expression in architecture. There are many words in the language of architecture, which come together in this mould, to construct essential form of life space. Stylist architect may use natural words, artificial ones or a mixed of the two. Therefore, three types of essential form of space can be recognized.        The ideal type of an architectural space is the one that its effect of expression occurs as a soft and hard space. Wall, roof and floor are hard materials and light, water, wind, plant, etc are the soft ones. The resultant is a life space which is as soft as hard is. It is flexible and lets the man to obtain the daily motion of the universe in his built living area. It means: in this way of design, the essential form of space follows lifestyle.    Iranian architecture is an artistic experience with expressive effects . Five essential forms of this architecture are: Iranian gardens, palaces, houses, mosques and bazaar complex and elements of urban architecture.         Manuscript profile

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15 - Interpretation Of Architecture By Post-modern Foundation with Semiotics Aspect
Seyed Mostafa Mokhtabad-Amrei Amirmasoud Dabagh

This essay is considered an attempt to present how "semiotic studies can be used as a perceptional aspect of interpretation of postmodern movement in reading architecture. Semiotics is the philosophical and scientific study of   semiosis: the relation of signi More

This essay is considered an attempt to present how "semiotic studies can be used as a perceptional aspect of interpretation of postmodern movement in reading architecture. Semiotics is the philosophical and scientific study of   semiosis: the relation of signification with sign, mind and object or more generally, the creation of meaning; But they both refer respectively to the theories of "Saussure" and "Peirce". According Saussure`s idea, the sign consists of two parts: a signified which is a concept, and a signifier which is a mental pattern of a sound or image. He has believed that the relationship between the signifier and signified is arbitrary. They are both whole cognitive and provide no form of external reference. "Peirce" claims that each sign consists of three inter-related parts: object, interpretation, representation. In postmodern textual point of view, every perception of text, exchanges to a new object. Actually the thought of post-structuralism such as postmodernism, uses different perspectives to create a multifaceted interpretation of a text, even if these interpretations conflict with one another. It is particularly important to analyze how the meanings of a text shift in relation to certain variables, usually involving the identity of the reader. Derrida believed that the absence of the transcendental signified extends the domain and the play of signification infinitely. Derrida’s alternate strategy was to de-center the text thereby increasing play and opening up the exploration of meaning. We are dealing here an approach of architecture and postmodern thought within field of semiotics. This is a shadowy zone closely linked to human nature in which we will have to convey descriptive sensations of what remain to be still discovered or analyzed. In every perception of architecture lies a vision which connects us to the signified. Because we have all our inner images, and due to human beings rising in different cultures, we live our own personal different resonances. The architecture includes some messages in its. In semiotics, a code is a set of convention or sub-codes currently in use to communicate meaning. To that extent, codes represent a broad interpretative framework used by both addressers and their addressees to encode and decode the messages. The appreciation or analysis of architecture and it`s spatial configuration is always seen between cognition, culture, knowledge and society. The appreciation, due to abstract representational configurations and geometrical pattern remain to be deciphering with great attention and care with structured distinguish of subjective/objective interpretations and reactive flexible meaning of perception’s consideration. The architecture has been consisted of different layers of meaning such as a text. These layers would make different  meanings and sense for project to be appear in the deepest plan. The spectator, according to his mysterious understanding, unveils the messages in layers of the text and also try to make interpret of it .We can divide all layers of the plan in two main groups: (a) corporal layers (b) supra corporal layers. The author`s messages at the plan and in the texture of the plan  which is contained with codes. Manuscript profile

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16 - Upgrading of Entrance Identity of Tehran Metro Stations with Cultural Semiology
Hossein Baghery Mehdi Hamzenejad

      Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

17 - A numerical method for pricing American option on Mercantile exchange (case study of wheat and soybean)
Rafi Hassani Moghaadam Hanif Heidari Seyed Rohollah Ahmadi Haji Abadi Abbas Ebrahimi

10.30495/jnrm.2022.62933.2146

American trading options are a way to manage risk in the commodity exchange. This method can be applied before maturity. The valuation of the American trading option in the finite difference method is less complicated than other methods and its calculation time is relat More

American trading options are a way to manage risk in the commodity exchange. This method can be applied before maturity. The valuation of the American trading option in the finite difference method is less complicated than other methods and its calculation time is relatively short, and also with increasing the sample and increasing the volatility, the parameters are not disturbed. In this research, using the mentioned method, the American option for two products of wheat and rapeseed meal has been done and specified according to the data of Iran Commodity Exchange: A) The value of the American option for wheat and rapeseed meal is very small and negligible from the binomial tree method and the finite difference method calculated using the algorithm presented in the research and coding in MATLAB software. B) The American option value for wheat is higher than soybean meal for both options. The main reason for this is the high volatility (σ) of the base price of wheat stocks compared to rapeseed meal. C) The result of the effect of volatility change and price change on the value of the option, is in favor of volatility change. This indicates the importance of the volatility parameter in the valuation of options. Finally, it is suggested that considering that the American option is capable of applying before maturity ,in the iranian stock exchange for agricultural commodities is presented as one of the tools of risk management . Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

18 - An existence results on positive solutions for a reaction-diffusion model with logistics growth and indefinite weight
S. Salehshakeri ghasem alizadeh afrouzi

In this paper, using sub-supersolution argument, we prove an existence result on positive solution for an ecological model under certain conditions. It also describes the dynamics of the fish population with natural predation and constant yield harvesting. The assumptio More

In this paper, using sub-supersolution argument, we prove an existence result on positive solution for an ecological model under certain conditions. It also describes the dynamics of the fish population with natural predation and constant yield harvesting. The assumptions are that the ecosystem is spatially homogeneous and the herbivore density is a constant which are valid assumptions for managed grazing systems. This term saturates to c at high levels of vegetation density as the grazing population is a constant. This model tries to capture the phenomena of bistability and hysteresis and provide qualitative and quantitative information for ecosystem managements. This model has also been applied to describe the dynamics of fish populations. This model describes grazing of a fixed number of grazers on a logistically growing species. The general logistic function is characterized by a declining growth rate per capita function (Equation) Here P is the population, r > 0 is the growth rate and is positive constant[21]. But there are some ecosystems where the growth rate per capita may achieve its peak at a positive density. This is called the Allee effect This effect can be caused by shortage of mates, lack of effective pollinations predator saturation and cooperative behaviors. In this pape, we restrict ourselves to logistic models. Manuscript profile

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19 - Tarski Number and Configuration Equations
A. Yousofzadeh

The concept of configuration of groups which is defined in terms of finite partitions and finite strings of elements of the group is presented by Rosenblatt and Willis. To each set of configurations, a finite system of equations known as configuration equations, is asso More

The concept of configuration of groups which is defined in terms of finite partitions and finite strings of elements of the group is presented by Rosenblatt and Willis. To each set of configurations, a finite system of equations known as configuration equations, is associated. Rosenblatt and Willis proved that a discrete group G is amenable if and only if every possible instance of its configuration equations admits a normalized solution. In this paper we compare the existence of such solutions for different systems. We prove that if a system of configuration equations has no normalized solution, then every system related to a refinement of the initial partition, has no normalized solution, as well. The Tarski number of a non-amenable group is the smallest number of the pieces of its paradoxical decompositions. In the present paper we also provide a relation between the Tarski numbers of the subgroups of two configuration equivalent groups. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

20 - Solving random inverse heat conduction problems using PSO and genetic algorithms
I. Hossein Zade Shahbolaghi R. Pourgholi H. Dana Mazraeh S.H. Tabasi

The main purpose of this paper is to solve an inverse random differential equation problem using evolutionary algorithms. Particle Swarm Algorithm and Genetic Algorithm are two algorithms that are used in this paper. In this paper, we solve the inverse problem by solvin More

The main purpose of this paper is to solve an inverse random differential equation problem using evolutionary algorithms. Particle Swarm Algorithm and Genetic Algorithm are two algorithms that are used in this paper. In this paper, we solve the inverse problem by solving the inverse random differential equation using Crank-Nicholson's method. Then, using the particle swarm optimization algorithm and the genetic algorithm, we solve them. The algorithms presented in this article have advantages over other old methods that have been presented so far. Implementing these algorithms is simpler, have less run time and produce better approximation. The numerical results obtained in this paper also show that the solutions obtained for the examples presented in the numerical results section are highly accurate and have less error. All of the algorithms in this paper to obtain the desired numeric results, have been implemented on the Pentium (R) Dual core E5700 processor at 3.00 GHz. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

21 - The new implicit finite difference scheme for two-sided space-time fractional partial differential equation
Hamid Reza Khodabandehlo Elyas Shivanian Shaaban Mostafaee

Fractional order partial differential equations are generalizations of classical partial differential equations. Increasingly, these models are used in applications such as fluid flow, finance and others. In this paper we examine some practical numerical methods to solv More

Fractional order partial differential equations are generalizations of classical partial differential equations. Increasingly, these models are used in applications such as fluid flow, finance and others. In this paper we examine some practical numerical methods to solve a class of initial- boundary value fractional partial differential equations with variable coefficients on a finite domain. Stability, consistency, and (therefore) convergence of the method are examined. It is shown that the fractional method based on the shifted Grunwald formula is unconditionally stable. This study concerns both theoretical and numerical aspects, where we deal with the construction and convergence analysis of the discretization schemes. A numerical example is presented and compared with exact solution for its order of convergence./////////Fractional order partial differential equations are generalizations of classical partial differential equations. Increasingly, these models are used in applications such as fluid flow, finance and others. In this paper we examine some practical numerical methods to solve a class of initial- boundary value fractional partial differential equations with variable coefficients on a finite domain. Stability, consistency, and (therefore) convergence of the method are examined. It is shown that the fractional method based on the shifted Grunwald formula is unconditionally stable. This study concerns both theoretical and numerical aspects, where we deal with the construction and convergence analysis of the discretization schemes. A numerical example is presented and compared with exact solution for its order of convergence. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

22 - Classification of finite simple groups whose Sylow 3-subgroups are of order 9
M. R. Salarian

In this paper, without using the classification of finite simple groups, we determine the structure of finite simple groups whose Sylow 3-subgroups are of the order 9. More precisely, we classify finite simple groups whose Sylow 3-subgroups are elementary abelian of ord More

In this paper, without using the classification of finite simple groups, we determine the structure of finite simple groups whose Sylow 3-subgroups are of the order 9. More precisely, we classify finite simple groups whose Sylow 3-subgroups are elementary abelian of order 9. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

23 - Module Amenability of module dual Banach algebras
M. Khoshhal D. Ebrahimi Bagha O. pourbahri rahpeyma

In this paper we defined the concept of module amenability of Banach algebras and module connes amenability of module dual Banach algebras.Also we assert the concept of module Arens regularity that is different with [1] and investigate the relation between module amenab More

In this paper we defined the concept of module amenability of Banach algebras and module connes amenability of module dual Banach algebras.Also we assert the concept of module Arens regularity that is different with [1] and investigate the relation between module amenability of Banach algebras and connes module amenability of module second dual Banach algebras.In the following we studythe relation between module amenability, weak module amenability and module approximate amenability of Banach algebra. The notation of amenability of Banach algebras was introduced by B.Johnsonin [7]. A Banach algebra A is amenable if every bounded derivation from Ainto any dual Banach A-bimodule is inner, equivalently if H(A;X) = 0 for any Banach A-bimodule X, where H(A;X) is the first Hochschild co-homology group of A with coefficient in X. Also, a Banach algebra A isweakly amenable if H(A;A) = 0. Bade, Curtis and Dales introduced the notion of weak amenability on Banach algebras in [4]. They considered this concept only for commutative Banach algebras. After that Johnson defined the weak amenability for arbitrary Banach algebras. Manuscript profile

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24 - Extension of Some Common Fixed Point Theorems to Mean Non-expansive Mappings
Shahram Saeidi Jafar Bakhande

In 1969, DeMarr proved that a commuting family of non-expansive mappings on a nonempty convex compact subset of a Banach space has a fixed point. Takahashi extended DeMarr’s theorem to the case of discrete amenable semi-groups. In recent years, considerable resear More

In 1969, DeMarr proved that a commuting family of non-expansive mappings on a nonempty convex compact subset of a Banach space has a fixed point. Takahashi extended DeMarr’s theorem to the case of discrete amenable semi-groups. In recent years, considerable research has been devoted to the theory of fixed points as well as common fixed points. In the case of semi-topological semi-groups (that is, a semi-group with a Hausdorff topology such that the multiplication is separately continuous), Lau and Zhang studied DeMarr’s theorem under more general conditions for example in the case of the amenability of the space of almost periodic functions as well as the space of weakly almost periodic functions. In this paper, we study several fixed point properties of the mean non-expansive semi-topological semi-groups acting on nonempty convex weakly compact subsets of a locally convex space as well as give extensions of the results of Lau and Zhang. Manuscript profile

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25 - A Mathematical modeling for the study of blood flow as a cross fluid through a tapered artery
A.R. haghighi N. Pirhadi M. Shahbazi Asl

In this research, a two-dimensional model of pulsatile blood flow through a tapered artery with a non-symmetric stenosis is simulated. The blood flow as a cross fluid is modeled in an elastic cylindrical tube with an axially non-symmetric stenosis and a time-dependent g More

In this research, a two-dimensional model of pulsatile blood flow through a tapered artery with a non-symmetric stenosis is simulated. The blood flow as a cross fluid is modeled in an elastic cylindrical tube with an axially non-symmetric stenosis and a time-dependent geometry. The velocity of blood flow is compared within an elastic artery and an inelastic artery. Mild stenosis approximation is applied to simplify the governing equations. By applying an appropriate coordinate transformation, a cosine elastic artery turns into a rectangular and rigid artery. Using the finite difference method the Navier-Stokes equations governing the dynamics of the blood flow are numerically solved for velocity field. The correctness of the proposed model is proved through a comparison between the obtained results the present study and the previously obtained ones by others. The blood flow characteristics including resistive impedances, volumetric flow rate, and wall shear stress are obtained via the axial velocity profile. Various Two-dimensional diagrams for different parameters of the velocity distribution are also provided. Manuscript profile

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26 - Fibonacci Length of some subgroups of Sn
Zahra Shafiei kalaleh Mohammad Maghasedi

Calculating and deriving the properties of the Fibonacci length of finite groups have been done since 1990, where the Fibonacci length of the finite group is defined to be the least integer such that for the Fibonacci sequence of the elements of the group , all of the e More

Calculating and deriving the properties of the Fibonacci length of finite groups have been done since 1990, where the Fibonacci length of the finite group is defined to be the least integer such that for the Fibonacci sequence of the elements of the group , all of the equalities hold. In this paper we calculate Fibonacci length of 2- sylow subgroups of , by giving suitable generating sets for it. m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m Manuscript profile

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27 - The commutativity degree of semigroup of order p^α q^β
Mehrdad Azadi mandana ghaneei

T&lrm;he commutativity&lrm; degree of a finite non-commutative semigroup S is defined to be the probability&lrm; of choosing a pair (x,y) of the elements of S such that x commutes with y&lrm;. Obviously if S is a abelian semigroup, then commutativity degree of S is 1. I More

T&lrm;he commutativity&lrm; degree of a finite non-commutative semigroup S is defined to be the probability&lrm; of choosing a pair (x,y) of the elements of S such that x commutes with y&lrm;. Obviously if S is a abelian semigroup, then commutativity degree of S is 1. In this study, we consider semigroups are non-commutative and finite. &lrm;For a given positive integer n=p^α q^β where p and q are primes (2≤p Manuscript profile

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28 - Numerical solution of the SIR epidemic model using the non-standard finite difference method
Abdulrahman Yaghoubi Hashem Saberi Najafi

In this paper, a special case of the finite difference method which is called non-standard finite difference method is studied for the numerical solution of a mathematical model of epidemic diseases. The constructed non-standard finite difference schemes have the main p More

In this paper, a special case of the finite difference method which is called non-standard finite difference method is studied for the numerical solution of a mathematical model of epidemic diseases. The constructed non-standard finite difference schemes have the main properties of the continuous model such as positivity, boundedness, and stability. The stability of the equilibrium points of the system is investigated. The proposed non-standard finite difference schemes are convergent to the equilibrium points of the system. In solving nonlinear problems, one of the important advantages of this method is that nonlinear term discretized with nonlocal approximations. In most cases, non-standard finite difference schemes are stable even when large step sizes are considered. Therefore, using non-standard method will be cost-effective in dynamical systems that are studied over a large time interval. Numerical examples confirm the accuracy and efficiency of the non-standard finite difference method.Keywords: Non-Standard Finite Difference Method, SIR Model, Equilibrium Points. Manuscript profile

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29 - On trivial ends of Cayley graph of groups
H. Mirebrahimi A. Babaee

&lrm;In this paper, first we introduce the end of locally finite graphs as an equivalence class of infinite paths in the graph. Then we mention the ends of finitely generated groups using the Cayley graph. It was proved that the number of ends of groups are not depended More

&lrm;In this paper, first we introduce the end of locally finite graphs as an equivalence class of infinite paths in the graph. Then we mention the ends of finitely generated groups using the Cayley graph. It was proved that the number of ends of groups are not depended on the Cayley graph and that the number of ends in the groups is equal to zero, one, two, or infinity. For each of these numbers, some results have been obtained in the structure of groups, the most well-known of which is Stallings theorem providing the structure of groups with more one ends as the amalgamated free product or HNN extension. Specifically, it was proved that group with exactly two ends is a virtually Z group. After that, we introduce the trivial end of the graphs and show that the trivial end is exactly the same as the special type of infinite path. Finally, we prove that the existence of trivial end for Cayley graph of a group is equivalent to being a free group, and this implies that the Cayley graph of a group has a trivial end if and only if all of its ends are trivial. Manuscript profile

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30 - Computation of the linear Schrodinger Energy levels by Sinc method
Kh. Nouroozi S. M.A. Aleomraninejad M. Solaimani B. Farnam

Computation of the Schrodinger equation energy levels is very important in physics. For example we can use these levels to calculate the absorption coefficient and light refraction in a material as well as calculation of the interband and intersubband transition energie More

Computation of the Schrodinger equation energy levels is very important in physics. For example we can use these levels to calculate the absorption coefficient and light refraction in a material as well as calculation of the interband and intersubband transition energies. Density of states of the system can also be obtained by using the energy levels. Thereafter we can determine that the system is dielectric, semiconductor or metal. There are different methods to calculate the energy levels and each of them has some advantages and some disadvantages. The asymptotic iteration method, genetic algorithm, numerov method, neural networks, transfer matrix method etc. are some of them. However calculation of the energy levels by using the Sinc method has less been studied. In this paper we consider the Sinc collocation method to calculate these energy levels. We approximate the unknown function by Sinc functions and convert the problem to the eigenvalue problem by collocation method. In sequel numerical examples are included to compare the accurately of our method with finite difference method. The results demonstrate the accuracy of our method to comparison the other methods. All computations were carried out using Maple on a personal. Manuscript profile

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31 - Postmodernism in the International Relations
Alireza Azghandi Mohsen Mahmoudi

Postmodernists in the arena of International Relations maintain that it is possible to ventureinto the field and view its subjects and principles in different ways. From their point of view,the basic concepts of classical IR theories have collapsed and loosen their cert More

Postmodernists in the arena of International Relations maintain that it is possible to ventureinto the field and view its subjects and principles in different ways. From their point of view,the basic concepts of classical IR theories have collapsed and loosen their certainty and universality.In this new approach, what has previously been in the foreground can be marginalizedand the issues which have been downgraded marginal can be brought to the mainstreamof international studies. The main target of postmodernists like Der Derian, Ashley, Diutakand others is to problematize and eliminate those assumptions of IR theory. Which claim todemonstrate the reality at international level and recognize it through positivist methods. Thisarticle is divided into four sections: the first deals with the relationship between power andknowledge in the context of IR; the second discusses a summary of textual strategies appliedin postmodern approaches to international relations; the third section shows how postmodernismin related to the state, and the forth section briefly explains the ethical orientation ofpostmodernism. Manuscript profile

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32 - مطالعه تطبیقی مبانی مطلق امتناع از ثبت علامت تجاری در حقوق ایران و استرالیا
پرویز ساورایی مصطفی کوشکی

Manuscript profile

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33 - The U.S.A Strategy about Energy
Abolghasem Taheri

The U.S. energy Policy, independence reduction, diversification and utilizing new energies areamong the U.S. measures to reinforce its presence in oil-bearing regions.

The U.S. energy Policy, independence reduction, diversification and utilizing new energies areamong the U.S. measures to reinforce its presence in oil-bearing regions. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

34 - Interpretive approach to contextualism and its application in interpreting religious texts (Quran) and law texts (laws)
Rima Amiraghdam Hasan Borji

Different parameters affect interpreting a text such as the text itself, author and audience and….hf the situation (environment) is emphasized then we encounter contextualism. Context consists of textual context and situational. Textual context is about the focus More

Different parameters affect interpreting a text such as the text itself, author and audience and….hf the situation (environment) is emphasized then we encounter contextualism. Context consists of textual context and situational. Textual context is about the focused text and the situational context is the atmosphere in which the language is used. Textual context affects the ultimate meaning of the text in two ways: first is affecting the pre-understanding of the reader (e.g his/her expectations) the other is resembling , or associating some elements of the textual context with other elements of the text read and consequently affecting their meaning. Situational context is interpreting basedon parameters of the possible world, time, location, audience , narrator and the subject. We can observe the application of textual context in Quran by Quran and the application of the situational context in interpreting Quran based on the reason of revelation. In this paper, first the concept of context and its types and different kinds of contextualism is reviewed, later on its application in various historyschools, open scientific research and its application in interpreting law texts considering its application in interpreting religious texts is discussed. Manuscript profile

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35 - Gold as a Safe Haven for Tehran Stock Exchange: A Regime Switching Approach
Jalal Seifoddini Frydoon Rahnamay Roodposhti

Is gold a hedge or diversifier, defined as an asset that is related with stocks on average, or is it a safe haven, defined as an asset that has a special relationship with stock market in the times of market crash? We study the relationship between Tehran Stock Exchange More

Is gold a hedge or diversifier, defined as an asset that is related with stocks on average, or is it a safe haven, defined as an asset that has a special relationship with stock market in the times of market crash? We study the relationship between Tehran Stock Exchange returns and gold returns to investigate the gold role as a hedge, diversifier and a safe haven for Tehran Stock Exchange. We conduct our study through Threshold Regime Switching model to thoroughly determine the different regimes in the gold coin-stock market relations. Due to the high liquidity of Bahar Azadi gold coins market, we use their market price to represent the gold price in Iran. We also consider the effect of global gold price and USD-IRR exchange rate on gold coin-stock market relation. We find that gold coin-stock market relationship doesn’t depend on specific different regimes and gold coins act as a weak hedge for stock market. Manuscript profile

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36 - Semiotics of verbal rhetoric in print advertising - Case study
masoud keymasi Mazdak Anusheh vahide assadzade

This article discussing profound dependency between advertising and language, illustrates how some of the rhetorical and semantic features of language are exploited to achieve the purpose of advertising. Using qualitative semiotics and multi-case study strategy, this st More

This article discussing profound dependency between advertising and language, illustrates how some of the rhetorical and semantic features of language are exploited to achieve the purpose of advertising. Using qualitative semiotics and multi-case study strategy, this study examines the relationships and functions of verbal rhetoric’s and signs and demonstrates the importance of rhetorical and sign language in advertising in achieving advertising goals. Using Saussure, Barthes, and Helmsley’s view of semiotics, this article reveals important methods in which advertisers create meaning, such as metaphor. It also studies concepts such as “implication” and “meaning” for the semiotic analysis of print advertising. In this paper, we tried to collect all print advertisements in magazines, newspapers and billboards in Tehran in the second half of 1396 and at first using a multi-case study strategy the typology of verbal rhetoric’s was performed and the frequency of each was identified, and then analyzed using the semiotic method. After studying 287 print ads, it was found that the important methods of meaning creating of advertisers is to use innuendo, metaphor, irony, and exaggerations with 84, 68, 34 and 33 respectively. Manuscript profile

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37 - ascertainment of excuse and impossibility of the principal witness: Rule-making condition for accepting hearsay evidence
M.Amin Maleki ali keshavarz alireza asgari

Hearsay evidence, including alternatives to evidence of substantiation and and from the background of legal testimony, which the provisions of 1320 of the Civil Code and 231 of the Civil Procedure Law are subject to acceptance. In the legal system of Iran, following the More

Hearsay evidence, including alternatives to evidence of substantiation and and from the background of legal testimony, which the provisions of 1320 of the Civil Code and 231 of the Civil Procedure Law are subject to acceptance. In the legal system of Iran, following the jurisprudence and signification of the words of the jurists, the following arguments were fixed but due to the plurality of expression in this field, it is essential to explain and respond to these issues. The authenticity of in Shi''''a and Sunni jurisprudence also indicates its development. In Sunni jurisprudence, the development of hearsay evidence is martyred. In Shiite and Sunni jurisprudence, the only difference is the acceptance of the hearsay evidence, the precaution and attention to the religious provisions that it is not acceptable , Which is mentioned in Sunni jurisprudence And only in al-Maliki''''s jurisprudence is the authenticity of hearsay evidence in your everyday affairs. Hence, the development of more than a tradition for hearsay evidence which is not accepted in Islamic law.Also in the context of the restricted of Hearsay evidence, the criterion in Sunni jurisprudence is the torment of presence But in Shi''''a jurisprudence it is a hardship to testify. The specific approach of this study is to examine the proper criteria for the hearsay evidence and to circumvent legal liability in accepting hearsay evidence as one of the alternative evidence of substantiation. Manuscript profile

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38 - Jurisprudential and legal bases of criminalization of refusal of rescue and rescue in the absence of obligation and contract
Mehri Salehi Ebrahim Yaghouti Vali Rustavi

10.30495/jfil.2023.72638.1696

The institutionalization of the culture of helping a person in danger needs strong foundations so that it can be based on them permanently and permanently. Refusal to help a person in danger is against jurisprudence and legal as well as moral and religious standards and More

The institutionalization of the culture of helping a person in danger needs strong foundations so that it can be based on them permanently and permanently. Refusal to help a person in danger is against jurisprudence and legal as well as moral and religious standards and according to the single article of the penal law Refusal to help the injured, abandoning this common duty is criminalized based on various bases and according to the rule of "Qa'ida al-Ta'azir Lekol Muharram" it is necessary to punish those who help. A person is required to save another's life, he asks the question, what are the most important bases and sources that consider the ruling on the obligation to help necessary? Refusal to help a person in danger is based on various legal bases, including social cooperation, respect for the right to life. Naturally, utilitarian thoughts, the will of governments and social motives originate.From the foundations of jurisprudence, it is possible to refer to the jurisprudential rules of "aiding wrongdoing", "law of harm", "rule of al-Ta'zir for all Muharram" and enjoining what is good and forbidding what is evil. It is also possible to refer to the verse "Innallah Ya'amru bi'al-adl al-ihsan" , ihsan in its literal sense is also considered as one of the most important jurisprudential sources of the need to help another person. The findings of the research show the place of aid and relief and the importance and necessity of helping a distressed person in jurisprudence. Since jurisprudence is considered the most important legal source, therefore, the criminalization of this case in a single article is fed from the jurisprudential source. Manuscript profile

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39 - The Critical and Hermeneutic Methodology of Legal Cases
Ramin Poursaeid Hossein Yasseri

This research is attempting to highlight the interpretation of legalcases from hermeneutic perspectives and to comprehend theambiguous perceptions in legal texts and sources. Further, it takesinto consideration the roles of tradition, convention, the civil, legal,and cr More

This research is attempting to highlight the interpretation of legalcases from hermeneutic perspectives and to comprehend theambiguous perceptions in legal texts and sources. Further, it takesinto consideration the roles of tradition, convention, the civil, legal,and critical supervisory systems in deciphering the codes in legaltexts after the Dekartian revolution. From a modern perspective andthe degree of accountability for the fulfillment of the requirementsof humanity, in fact, the hermeneutic interpretations of the legalcases lead to independence and, achieving unfettered freedom fromthe imposed interpretations dictated by metaphysical legaltraditions. Manuscript profile

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40 - Investigating the Rule of “Al-Muntana Al-Wattiaryar La Ainafi al-Kathiyar”
Mohammad Javad Ghaemi Mohammad Sadeq Fazel rahman valizadeh

One of the most definite rules, which is widely accepted by all the principles and jurisprudents, and even the clique in rejecting divine allegiances, is based on the rule of law, according to this rule, if a person is at his own discretion The urgent need for the prohi More

One of the most definite rules, which is widely accepted by all the principles and jurisprudents, and even the clique in rejecting divine allegiances, is based on the rule of law, according to this rule, if a person is at his own discretion The urgent need for the prohibited verb or the termination of the verb, this urgency does not lead to the abolition of the Eagle and its religious and criminal responsibility. The most important reason for proving this rule, along with the guidance of the guidance of some verses, is the verdict of reason to the correctness of the coexistence and manifestation of the title of deserving the eagle affected by the original authority. The only disagreement among those who are involved in this rule is its inclusion in the position of the person and the duty of the Eagle, which, based on the evidence of the power in the Eagle's privilege, seems to be the monopoly of the lack of tolerance. In terms of adaptation and legal application, it can be said that its major application is in the Islamic Penal Code. Manuscript profile

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41 - Measuring Accruals Through Textual Reports Using Support Vector Regression Technique and Dictionary-based Approach
Zohreh Zivdar Dariush Foroughi Gholamhosein Kiani

The purpose of this study is to measure and estimate accruals of listed companies in Tehran Stock Exchange through qualitative and unstructured reports using text mining techniques. The study sample included 205 companies in the period 2011-2017. The statistical techniq More

The purpose of this study is to measure and estimate accruals of listed companies in Tehran Stock Exchange through qualitative and unstructured reports using text mining techniques. The study sample included 205 companies in the period 2011-2017. The statistical technique used to test the hypotheses is multivariate regression of the panel data type using stata software Textual accruals were measured by the board of directors' report to the corporation using two support vector regression and dictionary-based methods in Python software.The findings showed that 19.6% of firm-level accruals changes (actual accruals) can be explained by textual accruals. The results also indicate that dictionary accruals (estimated on the basis of dictionary) are able to explain15/3% of the changes are actual accruals, thus textual accruals have more interpretative power than dictionary accruals to explain and describe actual accruals in listed companies in Tehran Stock Exchange. Textual and vocabulary accruals can be used to explain 53% of actual accrual variations if they are used simultaneously in a model to describe actual accruals. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

42 - Designing a Reporting Financial Intertextuality Model and Its Effect on Working Capital Management Strategy: Case Study of Steel Industry Companies
Mohsen Shiribabadi Allah Karam Salehi Saber Molaalizadeh Zavardehi Alireza Jorjorzadeh

10.30495/jma.2022.20582

Financial reporting practices as an information strategy, while it can help increase the company's interaction with stakeholders, can also be effective in the future direction of the company in terms of adopting the optimal level of working capital. Financial intertextu More

Financial reporting practices as an information strategy, while it can help increase the company's interaction with stakeholders, can also be effective in the future direction of the company in terms of adopting the optimal level of working capital. Financial intertextuality reporting is a systematic approach based on the interaction between the company and stakeholders, which allows the presentation of comparable financial statements in a competitive market and through it, it can influence the optimal working capital policies of the company due to the increasing confidence in the market. The purpose of this research is designing a reporting financial intertextuality model and its effect on the working capital management strategy. The methodology of this research was mixed. In the qualitative part, grounded theory analysis based on Glaser approach was used to formulate the model, and in the quantitative part was used analysis of variance. In fact, the purpose of the analysis in the qualitative part was to present the model and in the quantitative part was to analyze the differences between financial intertextuality reporting methods in the optimal adoption of working capital management. The target population in the quality department was 12 academic specialists who were considered experts, both scientifically and empirically. But the target population in a small part were the managers of the accounting department of capital market companies who based on work experience and level of technical and specialized knowledge according to the level of error 5% and test power 90%, 2 groups of 50 people based on the separation of demographic variables on differences in reporting methods. Financial intertextuality was selected and contributed to the optimal management of working capital. The results of the research in the qualitative part indicate the existence of 2 categories, 4 components and 22 concept codes that have established the method of reporting financial intertextuality in the form of an integrated quadrilateral model. Also, the results in the quantitative section with respect to the two categories of strategic approach and operational intertextuality of financial reporting showed that the strategic intertextuality approach in financial reporting on optimal working capital management is significantly different from the operational intertextuality approach in financial reporting. This result shows that since financial management is considered as an area of corporate decision-making in formulating the firm's future financial strategies, the firm's focus on uniformity and content development of dis closable concepts can be more specifically than the development of intertextual reporting levers (Operational) such as information technology and cybernetic approaches such as scalable reporting language.  Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

43 - The Impact of Accounting Comparability and Consistency on Information Asymmetry: A Text Mining Approach
Sobhan Zafari Dariush Foroughi Gholamhosein Kiani

The Aim of this paper is to Investigate The Impact of Accounting Comparability and Consistency on Information Asymmetry of Listed Companies in Tehran Stock Exchange.The Population of Research is Firms listed in TSE.the sample of Research Consist of 80Firms in Time-perio More

The Aim of this paper is to Investigate The Impact of Accounting Comparability and Consistency on Information Asymmetry of Listed Companies in Tehran Stock Exchange.The Population of Research is Firms listed in TSE.the sample of Research Consist of 80Firms in Time-period of1389-1395.for Hypotheses testing,We Utilised Multivariate Pooling Data Regression.To Measure Accounting Consistency we Applied Text-mining Techniques(Vector Space Model).Research Findings Indicate that Accounting Comparability negatively impact the information AsymmetryFindings also show that accounting consistency have a negative impact on information asymmetry. Overall, it seams that in Iran Capital market, accounting comparability as a one of the qualitative characteristic of accounting information is very important for users of accounting information and investors so that it lead to private information convert to public available for them. alSo , it seams that changing accounting methods and procedures is very important for capital market participants and By creating more ambiguity about the reasons of changing accounting methods lead to increase information asymmetry. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

44 - A Review of Wittgenstein's View on Finitism in Mathematical Philosophy
MOHAMMAD HAJIBABAEI SORKHI Malek Hosseini Hossein Bayat

10.30495/pi.2022.19561

The concept of infinity in mathematics was one of the main points of difference between the four schools of philosophy of mathematics in the early decades of twentieth century and it is really interesting to review this puzzling concept from a historical perspective. Fo More

The concept of infinity in mathematics was one of the main points of difference between the four schools of philosophy of mathematics in the early decades of twentieth century and it is really interesting to review this puzzling concept from a historical perspective. Four schools, Platonism, Formalism, Logicism, and Intuitionism tried to have an acceptable justification on the ontological aspect of infinite numbers and sets but it does not seem that any of them succeeded in their mission. Among these schools, Wittgenstein followed his own unique way and with his Socratic Method criticized all of them. Most commentators and critics believe that Wittgenstein had a finitistic account in the last period of his philosophical work. However, this essay by referring to his lectures on foundation of mathematics, Cambridge 1939, challenged their views and came up with Wittgenstein's criticism of finitistic account.  Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

45 - Avistotle, Ibn-Sina, and Spinoza on “Substance”: A Comparative Study
مهدی اسعدی سید مرتضی طباطبایی

Aristotle and Spinoza are two stream making Philosophers in thehistory of philosophy, and both has chosen the matter of substance astheir philosophical subject. The root of many disputes on a huge part ofwest philosophy can be obtained through comparing the characterist More

Aristotle and Spinoza are two stream making Philosophers in thehistory of philosophy, and both has chosen the matter of substance astheir philosophical subject. The root of many disputes on a huge part ofwest philosophy can be obtained through comparing the characteristicsof the sub from their point of view. This is notable that thesephilosophers has some similarities in defining the substance, but theyget far from each other in defining the characteristics and instances ofsubstance. The article's first step to examining Aristotle's viewpoint intwo books of Arganon and Metaphysics, and analayzing Spinoza,stheory in book of Ethics. However, looking toward the meaning ofsubstance in the Avecina's custom context and expression, and hisinnovation can also help for better understanding of substance throughMashaism's views. The researchers scale for analyzing has been theamount of consistency of substance definition with the other parts ofphilosophical system. With examining the following the conclusionwould be that Spinoza's definition bears more logical stability andprovides a more solid system. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

46 - Analysis of factors Affecting Physical Development of Small Towns in the Last Two Decades (Case Study: Garmdarreh City)
Esmail Nasiri Mahdi Nasser

Introduction and Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate factors affecting physical development Garmdarreh During the period of 85-92. Method: Using descriptive - analytical problem to track and survey research data is collected. And whereas data Likert scale More

Introduction and Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate factors affecting physical development Garmdarreh During the period of 85-92. Method: Using descriptive - analytical problem to track and survey research data is collected. And whereas data Likert scale questionnaire survey, the ratings are, in this regard, the Spearman rank correlation coefficient was used Findings:The coefficient of correlation between two variables in order to show, in other words corresponding nonparametric correlation coefficient is Conclusion: The study area is in the process of physical development in recent decades has gone through rapid growth Which consequently leads to changes in land use, land mismatch with the principles of City of features, increased migration and population growth are thus   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

47 - Determination of Leaching Efficiency Coefficient for Desalinization of Saline and Sodic soil in Veis Area, Khoozestan Province
Zahra Behbahani Zadeh Rezaeyan Ebrahim Pazira Ebrahim Panahpour Narges Zohrabi

Increasing of population in the world caused overusing natural resources and land destruction. Salinization and sodification are two effects of land destruction especially in dry and semi-dry areas. Leaching of soil soluble salts in soil profile could be one of the most More

Increasing of population in the world caused overusing natural resources and land destruction. Salinization and sodification are two effects of land destruction especially in dry and semi-dry areas. Leaching of soil soluble salts in soil profile could be one of the most appropriate method to emend and reclaim saline and sodic soils. Determination of requisite water to reclaim this kind of soils and optimal management of water and soil resources are seems to be necessary. In this study, Examination of three different leaching methods including Continues pounding leaching, Intermittent pounding leaching and Spreyer leaching have been performed on saline and sodic soils in Veis area, Khoozestan. This examination performed on natural and intact soil culms with 1 meter height which are located in Polyethylene area with 15 cm diameter. The examined soil layers were 0-25, 25-50, 50-75 and 75-100 cm and the depth of leaching water were 25, 50, 75 and 100 cm. According to obtained results, and experimental method were found for estimation of each leaching method. Exponential model in Continues pounding method was defined as the best model based on better correlation coefficient and lower standard error. However, Intermittent pounding method showed lower utilized water for soil desalinization and better leaching efficiency coefficient corresponding with soil texture of the area. According to shortage of water and advantages of this method compare to two other methods, Continues pounding method will be appropriate for Veis Area. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

48 - Responses of grass (Seashore Paspalum) to Rotational Management of Saline water
Sayyed-Hassan Tabatabaei Mohammad Pessarakli Negar Nourmahnad

Applying proper irrigation management can reduce the yield loss caused by salinity. Growth responses of Seashore Paspalum, in terms of shoot and root lengths, fresh and dry weights, and the general quality of the grasses were studied hydroponically in a greenhouse under More

Applying proper irrigation management can reduce the yield loss caused by salinity. Growth responses of Seashore Paspalum, in terms of shoot and root lengths, fresh and dry weights, and the general quality of the grasses were studied hydroponically in a greenhouse under rotational levels of salinity stress. The experiment was arranged as a split plot based on randomized complete block design with four replications. Treatments include of five constant salinity levels as 5, 10, 20, and 30 gr/lit (named as Ctrl, C10, C20 and C30, respectively) as well as four more rotational salinity treatments (named as A10, A20 and A30). The results showed the maximum length of root and shoot (16.67 and 6.91 cm, respectively) was observed in Ctrl. At each salinity level, dry weight and fresh weight of shoot significantly increased in grasses grown under rotational salinity/control condition compared to their corresponding treatments under constant salinity stress condition. The percent of relative water content was higher in Ctrl, C10, A10 and A20. Also, C20 and C30 have the lower relative water content. Maximum water use efficiency observed at the Ctrl and then in A20 and A30. It concludes that rotational use of saline water causes improvement of WUE in grass. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

49 - Dialectic of Identity and Salvation in Abrahamic Scriptures
mansour motamedi Yaser Aein Mahdi Hasanzadeh

10.30495/jrs.2023.72006.10822

A religious tradition cannot be separated from the identification of faith through the intersubjective seeking of truth and salvation. By establishing a criterion for judging the attribution of people to that religion, this provision not only protects the theological me More

A religious tradition cannot be separated from the identification of faith through the intersubjective seeking of truth and salvation. By establishing a criterion for judging the attribution of people to that religion, this provision not only protects the theological message of religion and legitimizes it, but also distinguishes religious community members from others in the social sphere. Regarding the Abrahamic scriptures, how believers envision God has had an impact on both those who are concerned with salvation and the quality of their relationships with other people. As a result of this dialectic, Abrahamic monotheism has evolved different ideas about identity and salvation over time. To understand the conceptual worldview that governs the Hebrew Bible, the New Testament, and the Qur'an, this article examines the semantic field of identity and salvation using Izutsu's semantic method. We have also discussed how salvational approaches in the hermeneutics of Abrahamic scriptures, such as the reinterpretation of Abraham's spiritual heritage, have advanced. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

50 - Correlation of Intuition and Feeling in Schleiermacher's On Religion
Babak Boroumandfar Shahram Pazouki SEYYED MASOUD Zamani

10.30495/jrs.2022.70052.10798

The article discusses the relationship between feeling and intuition in Schleiermacher's On Religion. It highlights how Schleiermacher presents the human religious experience in the organic system of nature, drawing upon the sameness of subject and object within the thi More

The article discusses the relationship between feeling and intuition in Schleiermacher's On Religion. It highlights how Schleiermacher presents the human religious experience in the organic system of nature, drawing upon the sameness of subject and object within the thinking of the early romantics and the Spinozian context in the theological-philosophical system. Through linking intuition and feeling, Schleiermacher explains the connection between the finite and infinite, emphasizing the pre-theoretical nature of intuition. The article suggests that Schleiermacher's knowledge goes beyond the theoretical knowledge of philosophers like Kant and argues that his intuition and feeling should be considered within the spiritual and inner realm for humans. Additionally, the article touches on the novel topic of the turn from feeling to opinion in the third edition of On Religion (1826 AD). Overall, the main focus of the article is to explore the concept of intuition and feeling as presented in Schleiermacher's work. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

51 - History of Zoroastrianism from the Orientalists' Viewpoints
MR Adli

Although Zoroaster and some of his teachings have been familiar to the Western people from the ancient time, the academic study of the history and the culture of Zoroastrianism has begun since the beginning of the 18th century. From that time, especially after the great More

Although Zoroaster and some of his teachings have been familiar to the Western people from the ancient time, the academic study of the history and the culture of Zoroastrianism has begun since the beginning of the 18th century. From that time, especially after the great development of the philological study in the 19th century, Zoroastrian texts have been studied in an academic and critical way. However as Zoroastrianism is an ancient religion belongs to the distant past and its limited sources it has been almost impossible to portray a clear image of the history of the religion. Actually Zoroastrian sources belong to different ages, from the late second millennium B.C.E to the early Islamic period (7th C.E.). Naturally Zoroastrianism has been developed through this vast amount of time. The Western scholars has interpreted this development from the different viewpoints: some of them believe these different texts did not belong to a single tradition so we should speak of ancient Iranian religions (instead of a religion). However some scholars have tried to find a single tradition through these various texts and the other hold that there was a single tradition which had different manifestations in the different ages and areas.  Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

52 - The Relation between Myth and Religion in the Perspective of Max Müller
Abbas Rahimi Ghorban Elmi Abolghasem Esmailpour Motlagh

The connection between religion and myth in a scientific background has opened the way for human beings to become acquainted with a collection of beliefs and find their origin. This event progressed faster from the end of the eighteenth century, and with the activity of More

The connection between religion and myth in a scientific background has opened the way for human beings to become acquainted with a collection of beliefs and find their origin. This event progressed faster from the end of the eighteenth century, and with the activity of famous scientists in the following centuries, the hidden aspects of myth and religion became more apparent. Undoubtedly one of those famous scientists is Max Müller. Müller was one of the pioneers of scientific and comparative studies of religion and myth in the nineteenth century. And was influenced by philology, idealism, positivism and Eastern beliefs, especially India. He developed important theories about myth and religion that were considered and criticized by many of his contemporaries. Given the importance of Müller's theories in studies of myth and religion, in this article we have tried to examine the relation between myth and religion from Müller's perspective in a descriptive-analytical manner. Müller believed that the origin of myth is in the naming of natural phenomena, and he believed that religion (religious form) came into being when the "name" became sacred. That is, from inside the myth. He believed in the infinite but believed that it originated in nature. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

53 - Feminist Analysis of Biblical Interpretation Using Schussler Fiorenza's Hermeneutic Model
nazanin kianifard mahdi lakzaei

10.30495/jrs.2022.20791

Although committed to Christian principles, Elisabeth Schüssler Fiorenza seeks to provide a different interpretation of the sacred texts by presenting her seven hermeneutic paradigms; the hermeneutics of Experience, Domination, Suspicion, Critical Evaluation, Creat More

Although committed to Christian principles, Elisabeth Schüssler Fiorenza seeks to provide a different interpretation of the sacred texts by presenting her seven hermeneutic paradigms; the hermeneutics of Experience, Domination, Suspicion, Critical Evaluation, Creative Imagination, Re-Membering and Reconstruction, and Transformative Action for Change. By employing the hermeneutics of Suspicion, she casts doubt on the androcentric reading of the sacred texts. Then she reveals the rhetorical features of the misogynistic texts and strives to restore the transformed writings to their original version. Furthermore, Fiorenza employs the hermeneutics of the Proclaimed to reveal the omitted, distorted, or altered facts. Then, using the hermeneutics of Remembering, she narrates all applicable past experiences, to infuse creativity. Throughout these seven hermeneutics, Fiorenza insists on the necessity of the transition from the concept of the archetype to the prototype, to dislodge the sacred text and its interpretations, permitting new readings. In addition, the gender dominance system (Kyriarchy), throughout the pyramid of power should be scrutinized  and simultaneously,  after deconstruction, it is necessary to consider rhetoric reconstruction to make women aware of the “false consciousness” embedded and internalized by the patriarchy in the androcentric text  and help them in their efforts to free themselves from it. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

54 - Evaluate of Strategic Capabilities for Sustainable Product Development in Accordance with the Environment (Case Study of Maroon Oil and Gas Company)
mohamad somali Saber Molaalizadeh zavardehi Ali Mahmoodirad Saeed Ghane

10.30495/jest.2023.66543.5645

Background and Objective: Adverse consequences for industrial development and extensive utilization of natural resources and increasing environmental degradation in recent decades, many of the experts stressed the need to use dynamic capabilities as a mechanism to guide More

Background and Objective: Adverse consequences for industrial development and extensive utilization of natural resources and increasing environmental degradation in recent decades, many of the experts stressed the need to use dynamic capabilities as a mechanism to guide the sustainable development strategies. The purpose of this research is Evaluate strategic capabilities for sustainable product development in accordance with the environment: Case Study of Maroon Oil and Gas Company. This research is developmental in terms of methodology and is combined in terms of data collection type. Material and Methodology: In this research, in the qualitative section, based on meta-analysis processes, an attempt was made to first determine the research related to the field of research and then to determine the components of the research. Also in the qualitative part, Delphi analysis was used to determine the extent of theoretical consensus. Interpretive ranking analysis (IRP) was used to conduct a quantitative part of the research. Findings: The results of the research in the qualitative part indicate the existence of 8 sub-components of strategic capabilities for the sustainable development of products in accordance with the environment, which were confirmed in two stages of Delphi analysis, the theoretical consensus. On the other hand, the results in a small part indicate the determination of the component of strategic capability of sustainable economic development as the most effective strategic capability for sustainable development of environmentally friendly products in Maroon Oil and Gas Exploitation Company. Discussion and Conclusion: The result means that in order to produce green products, the most important strategic function in sustainable development is to pay attention to the economic nature of producing products that are environmentally friendly in this way, it can have the necessary competitive advantage to achieve sustainable development. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

55 - Recognition of physical encryption in the structure of Tehran bazaars from an intertextuality view (Case study: Amir and Navab saras)
hoda sadeghi mohamadreza bemanian sara hamzehloo

10.30495/jest.2022.54344.5128

Background and Objective: Traditional Iranian markets, despite many changes in urban life and the passage of time, still retains its special place within cities. Meanwhile, the traditional bazaar of Tehran is one of the examples of the country's markets in terms of anti More

Background and Objective: Traditional Iranian markets, despite many changes in urban life and the passage of time, still retains its special place within cities. Meanwhile, the traditional bazaar of Tehran is one of the examples of the country's markets in terms of antiquity, size, geographical and political location since the Qajar era, which due to its unique architecture, physical structure, has given a desirable quality to the urban space. Therefore, the main purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between the text layers (Sarai Amir and Navab) using the system of physical codes and semantic meanings from Bart's point of view to deeply understand the semantic underlying layers of the work. Material and Methodology: This research has been done qualitatively and from the descriptive-analytical method using the layer semiotics method from the intertextual point of view to study the different layers of the text (architectural effect). In this research, the text layers (function, form and meaning) of Amir and Navab saras have been studied in three main categories: explicit meaning, implicit meaning and ideological meaning. Findings: It also indicates that each layer of text contains multiple layers of meaning that is created by placing the layers together in different time axes and the continuity of the previous layers. With the help of intertextual reading, in addition to recognizing the surface layers of the work, He realized a deep understanding of the hidden layers of meaning.   Discussion and Conclusion:  Recognition of physical codes of the architectural text has been done with emphasis on intertextual relations (analysis with various meanings and surface and lower layers) and physical sign system and semantic code system.   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

56 - Impact of portfolio diversification on the performance of holding companies based on modern and modernized theories of portfolios
ali farhadian

Over the last few years, holding companies have had an increasing impact on the country's capital market, due to their high growth in stock exchanges, both in terms of number and size of capital And diversification is one of the key strategies that hiding companies have More

Over the last few years, holding companies have had an increasing impact on the country's capital market, due to their high growth in stock exchanges, both in terms of number and size of capital And diversification is one of the key strategies that hiding companies have been focusing on to increase efficiency and to stay safe from risks; However, the researchers do not agree on this issue. To this end, by using the statistical data of 51 holding companies in the Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE) during 2011-2017, the impact of portfolio diversification on performance based on modern and modernized theories of portfolios investigated. For this purpose, firstly, the variables of the study were examined in terms of their status, Then the least squares method was used for analyzing data and (GMM) and generalized generalized (EGLS) torque (EGLS) for estimating hypotheses.The findings show that diversification in holding companies on performance criteria is based on modern theories and based on modernist theories of portfolios (Jensen, Sharp, Triner, Sortino, Desirability Potential, Omega and Trener, and Jensen Adjustment) has a positive and significant effect. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

57 - Investigating the intertextual relations of the mystical Masnavi "Shahed Ghaybi" by Ahmad and "Yousef and Zuleikha" Jami
fatemeh maleki alipedram mirzaei fatemeh koupa hosein yazdani

10.30495/clq.2021.1941586.2295

Intertextuality is one of the new topics in literary criticism that deals with the relationship and interaction between texts. According to this theory, any text makes sense with the texts before it and no text is independent and conscious or unconscious speakers have b More

Intertextuality is one of the new topics in literary criticism that deals with the relationship and interaction between texts. According to this theory, any text makes sense with the texts before it and no text is independent and conscious or unconscious speakers have benefited from each other's literary and intellectual sources. Intertextuality was first proposed by Julia Kristova, and later Geragent, as one of the most influential researchers in the field, developed this theory by examining his studies. Genet called his collection of studies transmittent. He divided the transtextuality into five categories, which are: intertextuality, paratextuality, hypertextuality, supertextuality, hypertextuality. Each of these five categories examines a type of relationship between a text and others. Among which intertextuality received more attention. This study has analyzed the effectiveness of the "Unseen Witness" manuscript of Abdolrahman Jami's "Yousef and Zuleikha" Masnavi based on the intertextual approach. The fruits of this research show that although these two works are completely different in terms of subject matter, but they have a lot in common in terms of text, verbal structure and narrative. And the author of "The Unseen Witness" has been influenced by Jami's thoughts and ideas in "Haft Orang", especially his "Bosef and Zuleikha", and intertextual relations are explicitly, explicitly and implicitly. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

58 - A Research on Radviani's Views and the Relationship Between Tarjoman Al-Balaghah and Mahaasen Al Kalaam
Reza Qasemi Amir Hossein Hemmati Asghar Reza Pourian

10.30495/clq.2021.687403

Literary nations are inevitably influenced by intellectual and cultural connections. One of the manifestations of influence in the field of Islamic culture is visible and remarkable in the field of rhetoric undoubtedly. Intertextual theory discusses the relationships an More

Literary nations are inevitably influenced by intellectual and cultural connections. One of the manifestations of influence in the field of Islamic culture is visible and remarkable in the field of rhetoric undoubtedly. Intertextual theory discusses the relationships and influence of texts; According to this theory, no text is self-reliant and is somehow related to its predecessors. The book "Tarjaman al-Balaghah" is one of the prominent works of Persian rhetoric, which has been proposed as the first rhetorical work and has remained till now according to the available evidence. This valuable work has a special place in Persian rhetoric and most rhetorical books have also been influenced by the mentioned book. Although the author is an expert and innovative in writing "Tarjman al-Balaghah", but it is a translation of the book "Mahasen al-Kalam" in terms of naming and most of the definitions. Radviani's research method in his book is more accurate than its original source and provides a list of arrays (devices) at the beginning of the book. The number of its devices is more than the number of them in "Mahasen al-Kalam". In translating the book, Radviani has tried to inspire the Persian language. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

59 - A comparative analysis of the story of the island from Ghazaleh Alizadeh and I am going by Jean Eshnoz from the point of view of Bakhtin's views.
Maryam Dibaj rezvan sadeghi ghahsareh

Island” by Ghavaleh Alizadeh, is the story of a one-day trip by a man and woman to the Ashūradeh island. This story is some form of a sequel and ending to her “Tehran’s Nights” novel. In this article and using Bakhtin’s polyphony components More

Island” by Ghavaleh Alizadeh, is the story of a one-day trip by a man and woman to the Ashūradeh island. This story is some form of a sequel and ending to her “Tehran’s Nights” novel. In this article and using Bakhtin’s polyphony components, we investigated the examples and their use in this story using a descriptive-analytical approach. We first aimed to answer the question regarding the components of polyphony and their use in this novel. To this end, we emphasized intertextuality, multilingualism, and conversational aspects. Afterwards, these components were analyzed in the story. Bakhtin found the true representation of "polyphony" in Dostoyevsky's works; Polyphony means the presence of several sounds. Every character in Dostoyevsky's works is a representation of a voice that represents an individual self - apart from others. Polyphonic thought to the concepts of "infinity" [ to the entry of the endless self in the same entry] and "self and other" is relevant; Because it is the infinity of people that creates real polyphony. The results of this article indicate that the story by Ms Alizadeh has been successful in avoiding singular ideas in its discourse and providing a suitable basis for different ideas and thoughts and different attitudes, leading to acceptance of others as a separate and independent awareness. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

60 - Analysis and adaptation of Shirvani's Safa al-Qulob and Sheikh Baha'i's Nan and Halwa based on Genet's theory of transtextuality
ayat shokati Mohammad reza Beigi

10.30495/clq.2024.1977662.2510

To create his work, the poet or writer is challenged with a world of impressions from other texts in his mind, and he creates with the connection he has with his previous or contemporary works, and in this way, he establishes a link between the texts in different ways. More

To create his work, the poet or writer is challenged with a world of impressions from other texts in his mind, and he creates with the connection he has with his previous or contemporary works, and in this way, he establishes a link between the texts in different ways. which can be studied and analyzed as transtextuality. Bread and halwa is a text that Shirvani was influenced by in writing Safa al-Qulob. Both works are educational-mystical works. Since Genet's transtextuality is much broader than other intertextual theories in terms of division and detail, the main goal of this research is to discover the types of transtextual relationships between Safa al-Qulob and bread and halwa. In this article, an attempt has been made to answer this question by comparative-analytical-documentary method, which of the divisions of Genet's transtextuality theory is exemplified in a comparative comparison between Safa al-Qulob and Nan and Halwa? The results of the research show that Shirvani has consciously established an intertextual relationship with nan and halwa, and in this regard, there are various types of transtextual relationships, including intertextuality (explicit, indirect, and implied), paratextuality, metatextuality, sertextuality, and hypertextuality (coherence and transtextuality) has benefited Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

61 - Intertextual analysis of Symphony of the Dead and Death of a Salesman; Based on Julia Kristeva's theory
HAMID AGHAJANI majid mansoori fatemeh karimi

Based on Julia Kristeva's theory, intertextuality is mainly a method that shows that each text is formed on the basis of previous texts, and it is a method that introduces history to structuralism and its orphaned and lonely texts and interpretations. Based on this More

Based on Julia Kristeva's theory, intertextuality is mainly a method that shows that each text is formed on the basis of previous texts, and it is a method that introduces history to structuralism and its orphaned and lonely texts and interpretations. Based on this method, some previous articles and researches have considered the novel Symphony of the Dead as a reflection of "the novel of fury and uproar" or "the novel of the city I loved once again". Although all these factors can be discussed and investigated, due to the similarity of some cultural aspects and the similarity of some historical and cultural events, such as the occurrence of world wars, the comprehensive system of fascism and capitalism, many literary texts may be combined in terms of structure and content. slow down But what seems certain based on the opinion of the authors is that the most important work that is close to the novel Symphony of the Dead in terms of content and structure is "The Play Death of a Salesman" by Arthur Miller. . In fact, according to the historical parallels, and the common experience of different nations in historical events, we can boldly say that Symphony of the Dead is an Iranian example of the play Death of a Salesman by Arthur Miller. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

62 - Affective types in six stories from world literature Based on Genet's hypertextuality
Mahboubeh Moslemizadeh

10.30495/clq.2023.1971845.2478

Studying the relationships between texts led to the discovery of the great theory of "intertextuality" in the 20th century. Based on this theory, every text is formed on the basis of previous texts. Kristeva, Barthes, Sollers and Genette are among the influencers and de More

Studying the relationships between texts led to the discovery of the great theory of "intertextuality" in the 20th century. Based on this theory, every text is formed on the basis of previous texts. Kristeva, Barthes, Sollers and Genette are among the influencers and developers of this theory. Genette tried to examine any relationship between texts including all the details and called the set of these relationships "transtextuality", of which hypertextuality is one of its branches. The purpose of this article is to investigate hyperertextual effects and signs in six fictional works of the world based on Genette's theory. The research method is to study, analyze and compare the stories of The Miser, Christmas Carol, Story of Miserly Man, Eugenie Grande, The Miserly Knight and Dead Souls. The result of the studies shows that five of above-mentioned stories have a single pretext, and that is the play "Judgment" by Menander, which is the first example of Aulularia by Plutus which was imitated by Moliere in "The Miser". In other stories, "The Miser" is the model, which will be their hypertext, and in principle, the hypertext of "Judgment". The types of these hypertexts are pastiche, charge, and replacement. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

63 - A brief comparison of Eulogy poetry of Am'aq-Bukhari and Motanabbi
Ahmadreza Yalmeha Nasrin Izadi

The purpose of this paper is to introduce the Am'aq Bukharai and Motanabbi two poet of Persian and Arabic and then making a brief Comparison between them. Which his eulogy poetry is considerable. In the short history of Persian and Arabic influence on thinkers and theor More

The purpose of this paper is to introduce the Am'aq Bukharai and Motanabbi two poet of Persian and Arabic and then making a brief Comparison between them. Which his eulogy poetry is considerable. In the short history of Persian and Arabic influence on thinkers and theories about it offered. Although the Arabic literary tradition closest to Persian literature, and with all the differences in linguistic divisions are tied to the fate of these languages. And have a big impact on each other. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

64 - A Study and Analysis of Gérard Genette's Transtextualite Relationships in "Istanbul, Memories and City" Novel by Orhan Pamuk
Ameneh Hashemi Siamak Panahi

Transtextualite is a literary approach that allows critics to investigate the links between literary works in a scientific and systematic way. Gérard Genette is one of the most important theorists of this approach who plays a key role in its application. This art More

Transtextualite is a literary approach that allows critics to investigate the links between literary works in a scientific and systematic way. Gérard Genette is one of the most important theorists of this approach who plays a key role in its application. This article has been formed with the aim of establishing a relationship between the theory of Gérard Genette's Transtextualite and "Istanbul, Memories and City" novel by Orhan Pamuk. And it has been tried to be analyzed based on the divisions of Gérard Genette's Transtextualite of urban space and architecture of Istanbul in the novel. The research is conducted based on deductive research method, based on the data collected by documentary studies and data analysis based on comparison and comparison. In the mentioned novel, Orhan Pamuk has been able to place the roots of previous artistic works of texts such as literary texts, prose, poetry and painting in various ways in his text and establish a close relationship with the theory of Gérard Genette's transtextualite, especially in the field of transtextualiteand hypertexuality. Manuscript profile

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65 - A Study on Mythical Intertextuality in Shamloo's Poetry (Based on Gérard Genette's Theory)
Akram Zafari Batool Fakhr Islam Seyyed Hossein Seyyedi Akbar Shabani

Mythical texts are texts of past which have close relation with Persian poetries. Myths own intertextual nature; because in the texts in different times, verbal and written literature are reviewd contiously.   Intertextuality and comparative mythodology are tw More

Mythical texts are texts of past which have close relation with Persian poetries. Myths own intertextual nature; because in the texts in different times, verbal and written literature are reviewd contiously.   Intertextuality and comparative mythodology are two continuous sciences. Shamloo is one of the famous Iranian poets who was committed to society in Persian literature. Assumption of the present article is that Shamloo was enamored of western culture and Christian texts; thus intertextual discourse (with Gérard Genette's approach) with the texts derived from the mentioned cultures is more applicable in his works. The present research attempts to study not only recognize intertextuality focused on Gérard Genette's writtings but also expresses its application in Shamloo's poetries.  This article's methos is descriptive with comparative approach. Manuscript profile

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66 - “Death” from the perspective of Abu-at-Tayyeb Al-Mutanabbi and Hakīm Abu’l-Qāsim Ferdowsī
Seyyed mahmood Anvar Mohammad Fatehi

This paper is a query about the death from the view of two celebrated Arabic and Persian belletrists Abu-at-Tayyeb Al-Mutanabbi and Hakīm Abu’l-Qāsim Ferdowsī. Each of these wise scholars has drawn an image of death up to the age’s requirement More

This paper is a query about the death from the view of two celebrated Arabic and Persian belletrists Abu-at-Tayyeb Al-Mutanabbi and Hakīm Abu’l-Qāsim Ferdowsī. Each of these wise scholars has drawn an image of death up to the age’s requirements and circumstances. Analyzing these two prominent and famous poets’ beliefs, we find many examples of common thoughts and convergence concerning death. In some places, however, their attitudes are unlike and heterogeneous. And this heterogeneity goes back to the social inequality based on environmental views and demands. Manuscript profile

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67 - A Comparative Study of Perception in novel of Joyce's "Dublinians" and Sadegh Hedayat's "Zendeh Begour"
Mohammad Karimi Nasser Maleki

The theory of perception is based on the assumption that the audience, itself, produces meaning. In this theory, each audience, based on their social, historical situation and mental experience, has an understanding of the text, which raises his perception, understandin More

The theory of perception is based on the assumption that the audience, itself, produces meaning. In this theory, each audience, based on their social, historical situation and mental experience, has an understanding of the text, which raises his perception, understanding and expectation of what is, and he is no longer the audience before reading the text. One of the writing methods of James Joyce (1882-1941) and Sadegh Hedayat (1902-1951) is to use the elements of the theory of perception. They have been able to engage readers well with the text. The main purpose of this article is to find examples of elements of perception theory (open space, open end, unexpected end, uncertain chains, reference to parts of another text, writing based on cultural context and question design) that has been conducted using descriptive-analytical method and library research method. The authors of the article intend to investigate and explain methods of Hedayat and Joyce's use of the theory of perception by providing examples from the stories of the book "Dublinians" and the collection of stories "Zandeh Begour". Manuscript profile

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68 - Criticism of Two Odes from Persian and Arabic Poets-farrokhi Sisitani & Mutenabbi
Gholamali Sadeghi

Dynamicity and creativity of the imagination of mankind is unlimited. The pearl of imagination becomes most beautiful when it finds its way out of the clams of time and space. The secret to the success of the worldly known works of literature is the same. Criticizi More

Dynamicity and creativity of the imagination of mankind is unlimited. The pearl of imagination becomes most beautiful when it finds its way out of the clams of time and space. The secret to the success of the worldly known works of literature is the same. Criticizing and comparison of literary works based on scientific and standard criteria for reaching at unbiased results is a valuable activity. The present article attempts to compare the viewpoints of two poets FarrokhiSisitani&Mutenabbi through two of their odes. Manuscript profile

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69 - Comparative Analysis of Simile in Wisdom Poems of Boostan and Motanabbi,s songs
mohammad benam far majid khosravi

 Abstract Simile is one of the most obvious and fundamental ways of expression that has a major role in imagination and effect of poet’s speech. In this article in a descriptive – analysis and comparative method, similes have been surveyed in theosophic More

 Abstract Simile is one of the most obvious and fundamental ways of expression that has a major role in imagination and effect of poet’s speech. In this article in a descriptive – analysis and comparative method, similes have been surveyed in theosophical poems of Boostan and Motanabbi’s theosophical poems from different aspects such as: mutual of simile, perceptual simile and conceptual simile, singular and compound, point of resemblance and … and statistical analysis of them is presented. The results of research reveal that, Saadi and Motanabbi, have used different types of similes including: singular, compound, absolute simile, implicit simile, shortened simile, emphatic simile and …, but in the application of simile they are statistically different. As among 311 images that were extracted from theosophical verses of Boostan, 97 of them were similes (%31) and among 112 images that were extracted from theosophical verses of Motanabbi 43 were similes (%38) and this fact shows that Motanabbi,s power or trend to simile is more than Saadi. The second result is that Saadi,s similes are often singular, shortened and obvious, but Motanabbi,s similes are compound, implicit and complicated. Manuscript profile

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70 - Comparative study on Jalal Al Ahmad’s “My sister and the spider” and Albert Camus’s “Plague” and “the guest”
Mohammad Ziyar Sedigheh Sherkat Moghaddam

The present article tries to study the impacts of Albert Camus’s thoughts on Jalal Al Ahmad. If we assent that the some of the Iranian authors are affected by French literature, then Jalal Al Ahmad is one of the most famous contemporary authors who More

The present article tries to study the impacts of Albert Camus’s thoughts on Jalal Al Ahmad. If we assent that the some of the Iranian authors are affected by French literature, then Jalal Al Ahmad is one of the most famous contemporary authors who is similar to Albert Camus in regard to his thoughts. The author of the present article attempts to do a psychological criticism from Jacques Lacan’s point of view and Roland Barthes’s semiology on one of the Al Ahmad’s novels titled “my sister and the spider”. By doing so the concepts such as nihilism, mechanism and demodernization can be worked out. Manuscript profile

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71 - Matching "Blind Owl" and "El Ella" According Grymas
Ali asghar Mahmoodi Samira Ghasemi

Investigating two effects can often provide two understand it more , especially when they are from one source but day seem different. In writers idea two effects boof koor (hedayat) and elella (Serrano) while they benefit from one manifestation but they seem two separat More

Investigating two effects can often provide two understand it more , especially when they are from one source but day seem different. In writers idea two effects boof koor (hedayat) and elella (Serrano) while they benefit from one manifestation but they seem two separate categories. Both of them are discussed in the mental or psychological sense and try to report a new emotion and analyses it and become familiar with different people in fact they reach to themselves or show themselves in boof koor more explanation is what is happen but in elella it leads two a consensus and unity with mental and cognitive events and complexity of them or united to describe personalities caused by looking at the origin narrative with the Grymas logic to be explained more clearly. Inside such works (which is full of repetition and ambiguity) can find a particular system and different manifestation of one person how can be closed to be united while they are in contrast. Manuscript profile

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72 - The Comparison of Exaggeration between Firdausi's Epic Language and Motenabbi's
Hassan SHavandi Saman Khani Esfand Abad

Abstract: The exaggerated flaunts are so different among various nations and it does matter with taking into account to the cultural and Geographical conditions, and various ethnic beliefs. In Iran and Arab cultures the exaggeration has further objective aspects and us More

Abstract: The exaggerated flaunts are so different among various nations and it does matter with taking into account to the cultural and Geographical conditions, and various ethnic beliefs. In Iran and Arab cultures the exaggeration has further objective aspects and usually emerged in physical zooming as Very Height Mountains, deep wells tall athletes, Insatiable overeating and so…on. The distinctions between the exaggerated use of high frequency has been failed. May be the reason behind it, returns to the same famous phrase "say whatever you want if king exists" so Motenabi' Poetry exaggeration, belonged to the scope of praise and worship the kings, which means with the existence of unique art of poetry, the Poet has diminished in his poetry. On the other hand this problem caused to decline Persian Poetry after Firdausi periods. So, Motenabi's poetry, unlike Firdausi's poetry, contained Powerful figures. Sometimes, a lot of bounce in it is found. In fact the accurate consideration in Shahnama exaggeration or Motenabi' poetry should prepare a huge book as the size of Firdausi's Shahnama or the motenabi's poetry court. The main purpose of this investigation, was a kind of attempting to select some valuable subjects with more artistic value and tried to be avoided from failed exaggerated or invaluable subjects. We hope to make them enjoyable for right readers in this field. Manuscript profile

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73 - Myth in Hedayat and Edgar Allan Poe's works Based on Intertextuality approach
Mahboubeh Emtiyazi Gholam Reza Hatefi Majomard

Today the conjunction between the comparative literature and intertextuality is known as a new achievement which makes the analysis easier in a framework. One of the most important factors of analysis in the field of comparative literature is to study the similarities a More

Today the conjunction between the comparative literature and intertextuality is known as a new achievement which makes the analysis easier in a framework. One of the most important factors of analysis in the field of comparative literature is to study the similarities and the effects on one another; the text founds based on a pre – discourse and then makes the discourse of his own and it even causes change in the main text. According to the myths effects on one another, this paper tries to compare the myths in Sadeq Hedayat and Edgar Allan Poe's works. The present paper attempts to study the myths and their applications in two abovementioned famous authors based on intertextuality. The question of the research is how to study Sadeq Hedayat and Edgar Allan Poe's works based on intertextuality. The results show that the similarities of myths and common applications in the field of content and concept is observable. Manuscript profile

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74 - HAFIZ AND MUTANABBI, A COMPARISON OF THEIR THEMES AND CONCEPTS
Ahmad Shabani Mina Abad

Khwāja Shamsud-Dīn Muhammad Hāfez-e Shīrāzī, known by his pen name Hāfez was a Persian lyric poet. His collected works composed of series of Persian poetry (Divan) are to be found in the homes of most Persian speakers in Iran who learn his poems by heart More

Khwāja Shamsud-Dīn Muhammad Hāfez-e Shīrāzī, known by his pen name Hāfez was a Persian lyric poet. His collected works composed of series of Persian poetry (Divan) are to be found in the homes of most Persian speakers in Iran who learn his poems by heart and use them as proverbs and sayings to this day. His life and poems have been the subject of much analysis, commentary and interpretation, influencing post-Fourteenth Century Persian writing more than any other author. Themes of his ghazals are the beloved, faith, and exposing hypocrisy. Hāfezhas applied themes, thoughts and sayings of first class Arab poetsand the present article studies how Hāfez has been influenced by the poetry of Mutanabbi the famous Arab poet. Manuscript profile

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75 - Comparative Study of Sonnet in the Poetry of Saadi and Mutenabbi
Leila Ghassemi Haji Abadai Maryam Peykan Pour

Saadiand Mutenaabi are both among the greatest and most well-known poets of Iran and Iraq who share some similaritiesin their way of thinking and expression as well as their artistic vision. The present article studies their sonnets while focusing on the subjects of lov More

Saadiand Mutenaabi are both among the greatest and most well-known poets of Iran and Iraq who share some similaritiesin their way of thinking and expression as well as their artistic vision. The present article studies their sonnets while focusing on the subjects of love, lover and beloved in their poetry. It also studies and compares their themes and similar viewpoints. Manuscript profile

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76 - A study of Persian and Arabic computer Unicode fonts
Fariba Sultani Nejad

Thinkers have always considered the human development as a consequence of the invention of alphabet and writing system. At present time computer fonts are the main bases of digital texts which for sure will result in a modern civilization. Unfortunately t More

Thinkers have always considered the human development as a consequence of the invention of alphabet and writing system. At present time computer fonts are the main bases of digital texts which for sure will result in a modern civilization. Unfortunately the Persian language has remained obsolete in this regard in the age of computer technology in spite of a proud history. There are only a few standard fonts available for use in the internet. The present article tries to find solutions for this straitened circumstance through introduction of Unicode fonts according to the standards of the Institute of industrial research and comparing them with popular fonts and discussing their weaknesses. Manuscript profile

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77 - “Complete Peace”: The Logical Dialogue of World Literature in the Logic of a Dialogue between Hazef and Goethe
Tahereh Kouchakian

The extreme form of cultural peace and affection among two nations can be found in Goethe’s love towards Hafez. In his spiritual maturity, Goethe was so infatuated by Hafez’s well established thought that he could choose an interactive approach and frequentl More

The extreme form of cultural peace and affection among two nations can be found in Goethe’s love towards Hafez. In his spiritual maturity, Goethe was so infatuated by Hafez’s well established thought that he could choose an interactive approach and frequently talked about this infatuation. Literary relationships between Iran and Germany are not confined to Hafez and Goethe, but the magnificence of the logical dialogue between them stands outside time and place. Goethe introduced the idea of the world literature for the first time; Bakhtin offered dialogism, the relationship of a speech to another one to omit monologism; and Julia Kristeva developed this concept to the relation between texts and literary discourses. This study aims to review Hafez and Goethe’s dialogue as a symbol of east and west and analyze the world literature theory from one hand and study the effect of this dialogue in constituting positive global discourses on the other. In so doing, the role of logical dialogue among texts and discourses is highlighted to create a universal peace and understanding, to glorify the similarities and respect the differences leniently. This study deals with this idea analytically, comparatively and critically. Manuscript profile

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78 - Comparative study and analysis of Death from Roudaki and Mutanbbi's point of view
Mohammad Reza Saki Mohammad Goudarzi

What is life: Where do we come from and where do we go: These are two fundamental questions in human life. The answer every body reaches at forms his world view and the human then learns how to leave based on this answer.The present research tries to compare the points More

What is life: Where do we come from and where do we go: These are two fundamental questions in human life. The answer every body reaches at forms his world view and the human then learns how to leave based on this answer.The present research tries to compare the points of view ofRoudakione of the greatest Persian poets and Mutanabbi -one of the greatest Arabic poets on death and life. It also to studies and analyzes their Views.   Manuscript profile

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79 - Comparative analysis of narcissism in Khaqani and Motanabbi works
Azizollah Tavakkoli Kafi Abad Hadi Heidari Nia Samaneh Sadat Malek Sabet Azam Siyamak Dastjerdi

Khaqani and Motenabbi are two famous Arabic and Persian poets. The present research attempts to answer the question “how these two poets expressed narcissism in their poetry” by presenting and bringing some examples of narcissism. What make these two poets t More

Khaqani and Motenabbi are two famous Arabic and Persian poets. The present research attempts to answer the question “how these two poets expressed narcissism in their poetry” by presenting and bringing some examples of narcissism. What make these two poets to express narcissism are the inner gaps and psychological obsessions. Khaqani is proud of his knowledge, wisdom and poetry and knows his braveness as predominance. Both exaggerated in this way but the depiction and portrayal poetry is done by Khaqani. Manuscript profile

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80 - Comparative Study on Ersal Masal and Amsal Saereh by Saeb Tabrizi and Motenabbi
Shahla Haj Talebi Seyyed Mohammad Amiri

Motenabbi and Saeb are two famous poet and philosopher and their divans are full of ethical and philosophical concepts. These concepts are continuously in interaction with between Arabic and Persian poets by citing the relationship between two languages. Since the frequ More

Motenabbi and Saeb are two famous poet and philosopher and their divans are full of ethical and philosophical concepts. These concepts are continuously in interaction with between Arabic and Persian poets by citing the relationship between two languages. Since the frequency of simile's application in both works can be seen a lot, the present paper tries to study their divans comparatively and comes to the conclusion that Saeb were more successful in applying the similes than Motenabbi and this is because of his creativity in applying unique and beautiful similes and metaphors. Manuscript profile

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81 - Application of the structural analysis of narration: narrative analysis of the play “The Visit of the old lady” by Friedrich Durrenmatt according to Roland Barthes point of view
Kambiz Safiei

The play “The Visit of the old lady” written by Friedrich Durrenmatt in 1955 has been recognized as his masterpiece by many literary critics. This play brought him international fame. The present article analyses the narrative structure of thi More

The play “The Visit of the old lady” written by Friedrich Durrenmatt in 1955 has been recognized as his masterpiece by many literary critics. This play brought him international fame. The present article analyses the narrative structure of this play especially according to Roland Barthes literary criticism approach and at the same time it tries to reveal the meanings and denotations through studying the functions and actions in the underlying layers of the play as a narrative. This is what Roland Barthes is after in the analysis of narratives. In fact what are revealed after analyzing this narrative are opportunism and profiteeringand debility of the will of society. People who kill ethics simply for the profit and act opposite to what they say. Manuscript profile

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82 - Comparative Study of the Movie "Mum's Guest" Based on Gérard Genette's Theory
Ehsan Avani

The story contains two main factors can be seen in all stories: the narration and the narrator and consider as the nature of each story. Gérard Genette – affected by Russian formalists – knows the story as a real form; thus he could offer an analysis More

The story contains two main factors can be seen in all stories: the narration and the narrator and consider as the nature of each story. Gérard Genette – affected by Russian formalists – knows the story as a real form; thus he could offer an analysis for all chronicle events and narrations and found the story format and theme by applying time and changes in story lines. He introduces the theory of time in narration based on three factors: regulation, continuity and frequency; he also considers the narrative science based on the story relations and the context especially time and aspect which are combination of narrative structure and transtextuality theory – it generally is the relationship of one text in another. The credit of the movie also is emphasized in the research as one of the 5 transtextuality samples. The article studies the narration techniques from Gérard Genette' viewpoint in one hand and the movie "Mum's Guest" on the other hand as the most important applied techniques. Manuscript profile

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83 - A Study on the Environment Effect Process on Al-Mutanabbi and Saadi's Characters
Javad Khanlari Ibrahim Namdari Monireh Sadat Talaei Tabar

Each culture has its own characteristics and features and these characteristics affects the formation of applicants of that culture; since the English are cool, Americans are bounded, Japanese are energetic, Scots are stingy, French are romantic and Iranians are pessimi More

Each culture has its own characteristics and features and these characteristics affects the formation of applicants of that culture; since the English are cool, Americans are bounded, Japanese are energetic, Scots are stingy, French are romantic and Iranians are pessimistic. Saadi and Motennabi's era conditions was in a way that they had tendency towards philosophy and have been affected by the atmosphere of their era. Greek and Persian culture was effective on their tendencies. Their advising attitude forms because of the atmosphere of their hometown which made Motennabi egotism and saadi grovel. Manuscript profile

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84 - Wisdom and its position in Hegel's Philosophy and Molona's Thought
Mohammad Reza Shamshiri Raziyeh Rezvani Aval

The "wisdom" is a power which many philosophers, mystics and scholars have attempted to understand its nature since ancient years. The present article attempts to study the position of wisdom in Hegel and Molana's thoughts in analytical – comparative method. The g More

The "wisdom" is a power which many philosophers, mystics and scholars have attempted to understand its nature since ancient years. The present article attempts to study the position of wisdom in Hegel and Molana's thoughts in analytical – comparative method. The goal is to express the view points and finding the similarities and the differences on whole wisdom and the way human relates the nature, Lord and the dialectic path. Hegel studies the applicable concepts of wisdom in his philosophical issues. The wisdom or wisdom has the nearest relationship with life in his view; because the wisdom is not a part beside other parts but an element which communicates with all parts. Molana has signified the capabilities as well as the wisdom shortcomings in all parts of “Mathnawi” and determines the borderline between praised and religious wisdom. Manuscript profile

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85 - A Study on "Asthma" and "Shamar the Migrant" Novels from Hypertext Tragedy Viewpont
Sadeq Karim Yahya

Two novels, "Asthma" and "Shamar the Migrant" by Farhad Heidari Guran have been published between 2008 and 2010. These two novels are two parts of a trilogy which the first part has not yet been published. According to the author three tragedies and a historic More

Two novels, "Asthma" and "Shamar the Migrant" by Farhad Heidari Guran have been published between 2008 and 2010. These two novels are two parts of a trilogy which the first part has not yet been published. According to the author three tragedies and a historical catastrophe have been narrated in this trio; chemical bombardment of Zardeh, Babayadgar and Nesar Daireh villages in 1988summer, the November 2017 earthquake in Kermanshah and the lives of the helpless and addicted in a rescue camp. The author in this trilogy – which should be called "minority literature" – enjoying the form of Yarsanism, he also paid attention to modern and postmodern arrangements of novel writing as well and applied the trick of blogging in Persian novels for the first time. This article studies the author's methods of applying hypermextual devices various approaches to cyberfeminism. Manuscript profile

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86 - Comparison of “Lamiya Al Arab” and “Lamiya Al Ajam” in ethical norms depiction
Abbas Eqbali Masoumeh Hosseinpour

Poetry expresses lots of ethical norms as an ancient literary media. In the background of this media two epics – “Lamiya Al Arab” and “Lamiya Al Ajam” – are the reflector of the culture, norms and abnorms of two generations and societ More

Poetry expresses lots of ethical norms as an ancient literary media. In the background of this media two epics – “Lamiya Al Arab” and “Lamiya Al Ajam” – are the reflector of the culture, norms and abnorms of two generations and societies – dark age and Abbasid era. The present article shows that “Lamiya Al Arab” is rather an artistic image of ethics of the dark society by Shanfara but “Lamiya Al Ajam” is the mirror of religious trainings and common proverbs of Toqraee’s era and proves the priority of Toqraee’s poetry on Shanfara epics. Manuscript profile

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87 - Hafez, the Iranian poet through the Arabic Poetry
Mehdi Momtahen

The analyzers of the comparative literature feel the literal dealings in the comparative researches. These researchers generally prefer the relations between different languages. It has been observed that the Persian poets were affected by other languages and compose th More

The analyzers of the comparative literature feel the literal dealings in the comparative researches. These researchers generally prefer the relations between different languages. It has been observed that the Persian poets were affected by other languages and compose their poems in the style of that language; the interested language of that era was Arabic. In that period the poets were being familiar with the rhymes and rhythms and had versed Odes and Sonnets which were admirable for Persian literature. It is remarkable to state that Hafez and Sa’di were not excluded of this honor. They have enjoyed the religious and Islamic symbols and ethical concepts in order to verse special couplets which some of them have been surveyed in the present article. Manuscript profile

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88 - The Effect of Ashura Poetries after Islamic Revolution on Poetries about Holy Shrine Defenders
Zohreh Yazdan Panah Qareh Tappeh Atousa Rasouli

Since there is no text without pre – text according to intertextuality main rule and all contexts have always been founded based on last contexts (text), thus Ashura event – as an independent context – create proper field for identification with simila More

Since there is no text without pre – text according to intertextuality main rule and all contexts have always been founded based on last contexts (text), thus Ashura event – as an independent context – create proper field for identification with similar situations (to Ashura) in future centuries. In 90th decade and by starting war in Syria and Iraq followed by forming Holy Shrine defenders (group) in various countries including Iran – which evokes Ashura  and its characters – not only the term “Holy Shrine defenders” entered literature vocabulary specifically Iran’s poetry, but also prepared the field for presenting poetries about “Holy Shrine defenders”. The present paper intends to study samples on “Ashura poetries” of Iran after Islamic Revolution as well as the ones on “Holy Shrine defenders” in 90th decade based on intertextuality approach according to Gérard Genette’s attitude and the method is descriptive – analytical. Manuscript profile

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89 - A study on the Styles of Conquering Poetry in the Famous poets’ Poetries from the Islamic to Contemporary Era
Maryam Hashemi Rahim Ansaripoor

With the spread of Islam, either through cultural promotion or developmental wars and combats, one can point to the growing influence of Islam on one hand, and on the other hand, the new cultural approach among writers, scholars, historians and poets in the field of soc More

With the spread of Islam, either through cultural promotion or developmental wars and combats, one can point to the growing influence of Islam on one hand, and on the other hand, the new cultural approach among writers, scholars, historians and poets in the field of social developments. One of the literary sections that has been influenced by the social and political developments of its period was the poetry. There were many poets during this period, such as Akhtal, Farzadagh, and Jarir in the Umayyad era, Al-Mutanabbī and Abu Tamam, who attributed the victories to the caliphs by describing the conquests in the form of warfare and the tactics of commanders and soldiers in most of their poems. There are direct and indirect references to the caliph and congratulations to him. Manuscript profile

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90 - Investigating the effectiveness of Soltani's fatutnameh style from the style of Golestan and Saadi's prose treatises with the approach of Quranic verses based on the theory of intertextuality
Najmiyeh Karimi Hossein Azarpivand Gholamreza Tamimitavandashti

Fatwat or chivalry is a social movement and spiritual impulse in the culture of ancient Iran, which has been mixed with the Quranic culture and the foundations of the Muhammadan Sharia (PBUH) since the introduction of the religion of Islam to the vast geography of Iran, More

Fatwat or chivalry is a social movement and spiritual impulse in the culture of ancient Iran, which has been mixed with the Quranic culture and the foundations of the Muhammadan Sharia (PBUH) since the introduction of the religion of Islam to the vast geography of Iran, and has been widespread among the masses of the people of that time. This research, using the method of qualitative content analysis and referring to valid library documents, investigated the effectiveness of the style of Soltani's fatut-nameh from the style of Golestan and Saadi's epistles, based on the theory of intertextuality, and reached the following results: Soltani's fatut-nameh It has been most influenced by the luminous verses and blessed surahs of the Holy Quran and the works of Saadi Shirazi. Waez Kashfi has embellished the Quranic teachings and the basics of Islamic mysticism in the style of prose mixed with order and masterful imitation of the authorities of Hariri, Badiul Zaman and Saadi Shirazi. Because emotional states make people's character and the poet, like other members of the society, is influenced by emotional states and feelings and emotions, and his artistic personality, which is actually his style, is developed in this way. So, if two or more poets lived in a certain geography at the same time and wrote poetry, it cannot necessarily be said that they have the same style. Manuscript profile

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91 - Validation of the Hadiths of the Virtues of Preserving the Quran in Shia Sources
zahra chenani mina shamkhi ghasem bostani

10.30495/qsf.2022.692479

Numerous hadiths about the preservation of the Qur'an, the value and status of preservers, which have encouraging themes and motivate believers to memorize and recite the Qur'anic verses and act on it, have been found in the Shi'a narrative sources of infallible Shi'a. More

Numerous hadiths about the preservation of the Qur'an, the value and status of preservers, which have encouraging themes and motivate believers to memorize and recite the Qur'anic verses and act on it, have been found in the Shi'a narrative sources of infallible Shi'a. These narratives are collected in most narrative and commentary societies. But the authenticity of these narrations and therefore the validity of their texts are not the same, and no general verdict can be made. The present study uses a descriptive-analytical method, gathering information in a library-based manner, focusing solely on Shiite sources, focusing its study on the most important hadith societies and looking briefly at the history of this science and the developments it has gone through. , Has examined this, and shows that although some of the virtues of preserving the Qur'an are correct in content or in the authenticity of their document, this is not a reason for their correctness and relies solely on the document or text for correction. A news does not mean that it is correct. Whether or not the correct document is incorporated into the correct text may either imply unacceptable meaning or disagree with texts that have stronger truth implications. There were such problems in the hadiths studied that made them inaccurate and difficult to accept. Of course, although most of the hadiths of the virtues of preserving the Qur'an were weak, the Shi'a hadiths are legally bound to do so.  Manuscript profile

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92 - A Study on the Effect of Quranic Stories of Determined Prophets on Initial Mystical - Educational Persian Works
Samaneh Jafari

10.30495/qsf.2021.687504

In a significant part of mystical writings written to teach the basics of mysticism, the authors have used Qur'anic stories to explain their views. The present study examines the function of the Qur'anic stories of Determined Prophets in five important Persian mystical More

In a significant part of mystical writings written to teach the basics of mysticism, the authors have used Qur'anic stories to explain their views. The present study examines the function of the Qur'anic stories of Determined Prophets in five important Persian mystical works through a library method and shows that the story of Miqat of Prophet Moses has the highest frequency in the description of the views and mystical expressions and in most cases has been raised in opposition to the Ascension of the Prophet Mohammad. This story has been widely used to explain the importance of the Elder and his unquestioning obedience. Consequently, the story of Prophet Ibrahim was presented in all five works in order to explain the terms of submission, gathering, observation, seeking, enthusiasm, and so on. The story of the Ascension of Prophet Mohammad has been considered in two books, "The Treatise of Qashiriyya" and "Abhar Al-Asheqin" and the story of Jesus has been discussed only in "Abhar Al-Asheqin" in order to explain the issue of Meeting God that this article studies all of them in details. Manuscript profile

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93 - A semiotic reading of the theme of jihad in Surah Muhammad (PBUH)
Monir Zibaei

10.30495/qsf.2021.684498

Semiotics is an approach in literary criticism that has the potential to explore how meaning is created in literary texts. This text-based method with a systematic approach studies all the factors that are involved in the production and interpretation of meaning or in t More

Semiotics is an approach in literary criticism that has the potential to explore how meaning is created in literary texts. This text-based method with a systematic approach studies all the factors that are involved in the production and interpretation of meaning or in the process of signification, and tries to achieve the key points of the text and its semantic layers. The Qur'an, as the foremost literary texts, has presented its teachings and long meanings in each surah in the form of an extensive network and a chain of sign systems. The present article, based on the descriptive-inferential method, has considered the theme of jihad in Surah Muhammad (PBUH). This reading examines the text of the surah as a system of codes and theological signs, in a coherent framework and in different structural layers of phonetics, lexicon and syntax-rhetoric. The signs in the text of this surah move away from their main function through the axes of companionship and succession and according to the context and atmosphere governing the surah and take new meanings. Manuscript profile

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94 - Intertextuality of the fiftieth prayer of Sahifa Sajjadieh and Quran
Keyvan Ehsani Naval Hazbavi

10.30495/qsf.2023.1960941.2883

Intertextuality is one of the approaches considered in recent decades in the field of literature. Intertextuality is a theory that examines the relationship between two texts. The Holy Quran, which is at the top of the religious heritage, has always been the source of m More

Intertextuality is one of the approaches considered in recent decades in the field of literature. Intertextuality is a theory that examines the relationship between two texts. The Holy Quran, which is at the top of the religious heritage, has always been the source of many literary and religious texts, and the Sajjadiyya Sahifa, which is interpreted as "Akht al-Quran", has many Qur'anic meanings and interpretations. The present study investigates the intertextual relationship between the Qur'an and the phrases of the fiftieth prayer of Sahifa Sajjadieh and with the descriptive-analytical method has reached the conclusion that there is a two-way link between the verses of the Qur'an and the words of Imam Sajjad (AS).Imam (AS) during this prayer, have used a variety of structural, thematic and lexical intertextuality as the Qur'an is manifested in their requests and the structure of his words in this prayer, more than the type of thematic intertextuality and the type of relationship It is of the parallel negation type. Manuscript profile

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95 - Intertextual types of the Holy Quran in poems by Farid Isfahani (Esfarayeni)
ayat shokati محمدرضا اسلامی سهیلا کاظم علیلو

10.30495/qsf.2022.1955119.2837

The Holy Quran is always one of the rich and timeless sources that Muslim poets and writers have used. The history of using the Holy Quran in Persian poetry is as long as Iranian Islam. Tanas (intertextuality) is one of the new literary criticism theories that was propo More

The Holy Quran is always one of the rich and timeless sources that Muslim poets and writers have used. The history of using the Holy Quran in Persian poetry is as long as Iranian Islam. Tanas (intertextuality) is one of the new literary criticism theories that was proposed by Julia Kristeva in the second half of the 20th century. In fact, Tanas is a new term that has old concepts in literature. The present study aims to investigate intertextual types in the poems of Farid Esfahani, one of the lesser-known poets of Saadi's age, using the descriptive-analytical method. The results of the research show that he benefited the most from partial intertextuality that appeared in the form of Quranic words, sentences and phrases. It is also possible to consider indicative intertextuality as one of the most widely used types of intertextuality in his poetry, which is shown in the form of invoking Quranic stories and characters. The poet has rarely used inspirational and conceptual intertextuality. Manuscript profile

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96 - An intertexuality look at the poetry of Shahnameh
Ahmadreza Yalameha Moslem Rajabi

Intertextuality is one of the new approaches in the literature criticism. The basis of this approach is that every text can not stand by itself. In fact a text is a quotation or reflection of previous text. The Divan of poets as well as the books of men of letters is no More

Intertextuality is one of the new approaches in the literature criticism. The basis of this approach is that every text can not stand by itself. In fact a text is a quotation or reflection of previous text. The Divan of poets as well as the books of men of letters is not exception in this regard. One of the great and precious Divan in the Persian literature is Shahnameh that is written by Ferdousi. This Divan is a good source that can be analyzed from intertextulity perspective. A close look at this book reveals that there are many couplets based on Hadith of Excellencies of immaculate ones PBUT. intertextuality has been reflected throughout the book. Ferdousi has used Hadith lexicons and phrases. This research paper has tried to investigated and show intertextuality and study this technique in great book of Shahnameh. Manuscript profile

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97 - A study and Survey on Linguistic and Historical Approaches in Western Quran Studying
Hassan Ahmadi Zadeh

Since mid – twentieth century, orientalists stepped toward new way which were mostly affected by analytical thoughts of linguistics and theology followers about civilizations and eastern religions specifically Islam. In the recent decades various scholars in west More

Since mid – twentieth century, orientalists stepped toward new way which were mostly affected by analytical thoughts of linguistics and theology followers about civilizations and eastern religions specifically Islam. In the recent decades various scholars in west have started new researches in the field of Quran history, originality and contention by critical approach. The new approach was propounded seriously by publishing some German Quran researchers specifically Christoph Luxenberg which was followed by various subjective ideas in west. The scientific basis of orientalists' researches about Holy Quran is the cognitive principal and modern language in hermeneutics and linguistics. The author of the present research attempts to study the most important and common works which are discussed in Quran studies in west these days and evaluates western Quran researchers' analysis and the possible shortages and challenges. Manuscript profile

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98 - Intertextual Relations between Moses and "Tariq min Al Sama" stories
Javad Ranjbar Khatereh Ahmadi

The present article attempts to study the intertextuality theory beside expressing and interpretation of intertextuality relations between Moses story and its influence on "Tariq min Al Sama" story. The results show that the author has enjoyed the hidden as well as appa More

The present article attempts to study the intertextuality theory beside expressing and interpretation of intertextuality relations between Moses story and its influence on "Tariq min Al Sama" story. The results show that the author has enjoyed the hidden as well as apparent intertextual items and has beautified his work by Quranic stories. Manuscript profile

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99 - The Conjunction between “Al Comidia Al Samawiyah” and Holy Quran
Mohsen Seifi Leila Khoubiyan

Holy Quran as the superior masterpiece and Prophet Muhammad’s miracle is the most complete text that many poets’ verses and poetries make conjunctions with it. One of these poets is Mohammad Al Forati – well – known Arab poet and translator &ndas More

Holy Quran as the superior masterpiece and Prophet Muhammad’s miracle is the most complete text that many poets’ verses and poetries make conjunctions with it. One of these poets is Mohammad Al Forati – well – known Arab poet and translator – who joined Quranic interpretations and concepts with his verses in artistic and creative way which made his works attractive and effective. Thus the present article tries to express and explain the Quranic intertextuals in analytical – descriptive method in order to discover the Quran’s effect on surface structure and deep structure of Forati’s poetries. Manuscript profile

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100 - A Study on Speculative and Textual Meta Functions of Translation of Mulk Surah
Khadijeh Bahrami Rahnama

Functionalism approach is a tool to transfer meaning in order to make relationship between society’s individuals. From theorists’ viewpoint Micheal Halliday could be pointed out whose ideas are based on lingual elements rather than their appearance. Structur More

Functionalism approach is a tool to transfer meaning in order to make relationship between society’s individuals. From theorists’ viewpoint Micheal Halliday could be pointed out whose ideas are based on lingual elements rather than their appearance. Structure of Holy Quran is such that it can be analyzed from different angles, including the role-oriented approach. Therefore, the present study of Surah Al-Malik, based on Halliday's theoryExamined. This research, by descriptive-analytical method, has analyzed all kinds of processes, initiators and textual coherence in Surah Malik. The results of the research indicate that in the role of thought, the material process is the most used process in the text that God has tried to realize the power and knowledge of man by describing the amazing system of creation. The simple primer is the dominant primer used in this surah, and most of the verses also have a primer between them. Among the compound primers, the intertextual primer has the highest frequency in this Surah. Manuscript profile

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101 - Intertextuality of Fourth Prayer in Al-Sahifa al-Sajjadiyya and Quran
Alireza Zakizadeh Somayyeh Ghorbani

“Quran’s sister” is not an exception in which many Quranic concepts and interpretations are manifested and reflected. Quran’s Verses are appeared either clearly or indirectly in Al-Sahifa al-Sajjadiyya which shows Imam Sajad’s deep und More

“Quran’s sister” is not an exception in which many Quranic concepts and interpretations are manifested and reflected. Quran’s Verses are appeared either clearly or indirectly in Al-Sahifa al-Sajjadiyya which shows Imam Sajad’s deep understanding of Quranic concepts. Present research studies the intertextuality of Holy Quran and initial parts of fourth prayer of Al-Sahifa al-Sajjadiyya and resulted out that there is a close and bilateral relationship between Quran and Imam Sajad’s words with comparative – descriptive method. Manuscript profile

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102 - Quranic Intertextualite in the Manuscript of Merat Al-Khiyal
Mahrokh Ahemeh Maryam Mahmoudi

One of the new achievements in the field of literary criticism is intertextualite, i.e, the study of the relationship between texts and the extent of influencing on each other. According to this theory, since the exudation of human thoughts is the result of his previous More

One of the new achievements in the field of literary criticism is intertextualite, i.e, the study of the relationship between texts and the extent of influencing on each other. According to this theory, since the exudation of human thoughts is the result of his previous studies, experiences and learning; Therefore, all human texts, willingly or unwillingly, are indebted to the thoughts and works of their predecessors, and it is very clear that this influence varies according to the position of the texts and their value in societies. In religious communities, due to people's belief in sacred texts, writers and poets benefit from these texts much more than other works. The Holy Quran, as the holy book of Muslims, is one of these popular texts whose influence on the writings and poems of Muslim poets and writers has been evident for a long time. The Qur'anic themes, as the highest concepts that are directly derived from the source of revelation, are woven more than any other text in the fabric of the works of Muslim writers and poets. One of the texts in which the influence of the source of revelation can be clearly seen is the manuscript of "Merat Al-Khiyal" by Mikraj Maltani, a writer from the Indian subcontinent.   Manuscript profile

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103 - Intertextual Relations of Ibn Zaydún Poetry With Holy Quran
Masoumeh Nemati Qazvini Hamideh Sadat Mohseni

In general every human being is affected by thoughts, ideas and schools in his thinking process. “Intertextuality” is a theory which has made remarkable change in this field by its influence in literature criticism. According to this theory, any text – More

In general every human being is affected by thoughts, ideas and schools in his thinking process. “Intertextuality” is a theory which has made remarkable change in this field by its influence in literature criticism. According to this theory, any text – conscious or unconscious – is a reading or recreation of another text parallel or before it. There are many Arabic texts which have intertextual relations with Arabic classic texts. Ibn Zeydun is one of the Andalusia poets whose poetries are affected by Holy Quran. The present article studies different types of intertextuality in analytical – descriptive method. Manuscript profile

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104 - Jurisprudential Principles and Legal References of Public Interest’s Precedence over Property Rights by Focusing on Qur'an
Davoud Qasemi Qumars Kamari

The philosophy of the state and government agencies is to provide public service, and there may be a conflict between the public interest and property rights in this regard. In such circumstances, priority is given to the public interest and appropriation, as one of the More

The philosophy of the state and government agencies is to provide public service, and there may be a conflict between the public interest and property rights in this regard. In such circumstances, priority is given to the public interest and appropriation, as one of the examples of administrative actions of the government, is based on the theory of public service; because appropriation is realized in case of eliminating the conflict between collective interests and individual interests and due to public service and preferential rules. Administrative rights in ownership are also supported by the same service. But the main question that is raised and examined in the present article is what are the jurisprudential principles and legal references of the priority of public interest over property rights? This article is a descriptive – analytical study and surveys the abovementioned question using the library method. The results show that the priority of public interest over private property based on public interest is accepted in jurisprudence and rules such as the rule of guardianship over abstinence, the rule of “no harm” and “Anfal” are the most important rules and principles of jurisprudence that affect the priority of public interest over property rights in the Iranian legal system. Manuscript profile

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105 - Nahj al-Balagha's Borrowing of Quranic Illustration
Valiollah Hassomi Marziyeh Narouei

The relationship between Nahj al-Balagha's text and Holy Quran is searchable from different aspects. One of these aspects is to study intertextual relations and formation fields. Intertextual relations may contain various aspects. The present paper surveys the intertext More

The relationship between Nahj al-Balagha's text and Holy Quran is searchable from different aspects. One of these aspects is to study intertextual relations and formation fields. Intertextual relations may contain various aspects. The present paper surveys the intertextual relationships in the field of illustration elements by the aim of showing the relationship between Nahj al-Balagha and Holy Quran. Thus it recognizes and analyzes the similarities to offer clear answers to the questions in descriptive – analytical method. The questions such as: what are the similarities of Nahj al-Balagha and Holy Quran in applying illustrative elements? How are the illustrative elements which are the fields of intertextual relationships chosen? How much are the intertextual relationships recognizable? How much is the frequency of illustrative elements in both texts? Manuscript profile

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106 - Quranic intertextuality in the lyrics of Hafez
Ahmadreza yalameha Moslem rajabi

Undoubtedly,The poet and scholar of Islam and Muslim that is influenced by religious books Tries That In his speech Reflects Verses of the Quran and hadith inmate PBUH. This is one of the poets Hafez .his Poetry is a very large position. He knows all the great literatur More

Undoubtedly,The poet and scholar of Islam and Muslim that is influenced by religious books Tries That In his speech Reflects Verses of the Quran and hadith inmate PBUH. This is one of the poets Hafez .his Poetry is a very large position. He knows all the great literature and poetry. He has been widely used Verses of the Quran. Perhaps this is one of the secrets of his poems into account durability. In this study, we examined the Quranic view of intertextuality in his lyrics. In fact, in the words of the poet and mystic Quranic intertextuality large, has been manifested in many forms. He has used in his Poetry Many Quranic words and phrases This paper describes Various forms unaffected Hafez of the Quran. This section introduces us to the color of the Qur'an lyrics of hafez. Manuscript profile

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107 - Intertextuality of Poetries by Akhtal with Holy Quran
Hamid Motevallizadeh Naeini Reza Afkhami Aqda Rahmatollah Heidari Manesh

intertextuality is one of the important topics in literary criticism, a theory in order to read the literary text more deeply and achieve its unspoken. According to this theory, any text, consciously or unconsciously, is the birth and re-reading of pre- or contemporary More

intertextuality is one of the important topics in literary criticism, a theory in order to read the literary text more deeply and achieve its unspoken. According to this theory, any text, consciously or unconsciously, is the birth and re-reading of pre- or contemporary texts. The Holy Quran is one of the texts with which the poems of many poets have been linked; One of these poets is the famous poet of the Umayyad era, who has used Qur'anic interpretations and concepts in his poems in a very artistic and creative way and has made his poems extremely attractive and effective. The present study aims to explain the types of Quranic intertextual examples by Akhtal by analytical – descriptive method to analyze the types of intertextual relationships in the poems extracted from him with the Quran. Review of Akhtal poems prove that sometimes he uses the content or meaning of a verse or verses from the Holy Quran as his source of inspiration, and sometimes he uses Quranic verses in the structure of sentences and music of verses, and sometimes he refers to Quranic stories to his literary work as an attribute of holiness and permanence. Manuscript profile

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108 - Recreation of Maryam’s Character in Arabic Contemporary Poetry
Ali Najafi Ivaki Nasrin Jafari Maryam Nikfakhr

Applying religious figures, especially the Qur'anic ones, is one of the hallmarks of contemporary Arabic poetry. Those poets are very much inspired by these characters to indirectly convey their desired concepts.  Maryam is one of the religious codes that More

Applying religious figures, especially the Qur'anic ones, is one of the hallmarks of contemporary Arabic poetry. Those poets are very much inspired by these characters to indirectly convey their desired concepts.  Maryam is one of the religious codes that poets have expressed their contemporary experience in symbolic ways by her aid. In the light of the importance of the issue, the present article tries to describe how this religious code is present in the poetry of five prominent contemporary Arab poets such as Mahmoud Darwish, Badr Shakir Siab , Ezza al-Din Manasra , Abdul Wahab al - Bayati and Mamdouh Adwan in a descriptive – analytical method. Research shows that these poets had a special focus on the verse " And shake towards thyself the trunk of the palm-tree: It will let fall fresh ripe dates upon thee. " and tried to emphasize patience and perseverance. Manuscript profile

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109 - Horse and Horse Rider in Mutanabbi’s Divan
Maryam Saed Vaghefi

Mutannabi the well-known Arab poet has dedicated many lines of his poetry to describing animals directly or indirectly. Among the animals to whichMutanabbi has paid attention the horse has a very special status. Most of the lines in which he has in some w More

Mutannabi the well-known Arab poet has dedicated many lines of his poetry to describing animals directly or indirectly. Among the animals to whichMutanabbi has paid attention the horse has a very special status. Most of the lines in which he has in some way described horses or horse riders are the lines about fights and battles in which the poet depicts the victories and bravery of the courageous fighters. He has rarely illustrated horses’ other uses such as hunting, pleasure or transportation. The present article tries to review and evaluate the descriptions of the terms horse and horse rider provided frequently by Mutanabbi in his works. Manuscript profile

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110 - The Rule of Necessity which Measures its necessity
Hossain Javar Marzieh Ganjeali Darani Mohammad Ali Afshari

The Rule of Necessity which Measure its necessity is one of the rational and religious rules that jurists have spoken less about it. This is also due to the clarity of the matter, for by the clear wisdom of reason; whenever master (Mola) is due to his servant's urgency, More

The Rule of Necessity which Measure its necessity is one of the rational and religious rules that jurists have spoken less about it. This is also due to the clarity of the matter, for by the clear wisdom of reason; whenever master (Mola) is due to his servant's urgency, In opposition to some of its imperative laws, He commended him and gave him leave. This release will remain as long as necessary, and with the destruction of the state of emergency, the release is also canceled. This permission of the departure of the original sentence due to necessity, Wisdom, has two constraints, time and amount. and it means, that the distress to a certain amount and only as long as adjusted the title of urgency. The permit for departing from the original sentence due to necessity, the wisdom of reason, has two limitations. Limit the amount and the time limit. This means that the detriment can only be used in a certain amount and only as long as its condition is called urgency and necessity. Manuscript profile

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111 - Explaining the Previous necessity, and Previous and next impossible for Existing Creatures from the Perspective of Ayatollah Javadi Amoli
Mohammad Hosein Irandoost Azar Sepahvand

The topic Previous necessity, and Previous and next impossible, and understanding of beings is one of the most important and challenging topics that has long been the source of views and views among Islamic scholars. Famous theologians believe that the cause can never n More

The topic Previous necessity, and Previous and next impossible, and understanding of beings is one of the most important and challenging topics that has long been the source of views and views among Islamic scholars. Famous theologians believe that the cause can never necessitate its disability. On the contrary, the famous Islamic philosophers believe that the principle of necessity is an obvious principle and, accordingly, the existence of an effect is necessary and irrefutable in the assumption of the existence of a universal cause. In this article, we try to describe the necessity and the refusal of the former and to rely on existing from the point of view of Ayatollah Javadi Amoli by descriptive-analytical method. Manuscript profile

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112 - Foreign Policy of Russia vis-à-vis the Islamic Republic of Iran (with an Emphasis on Iran Nuclear Program)
مجتبی محمدی نودهکی محمدرضا اصغری مهدی جاودانی مقدم

Iran and Russia has gone ups and downs of relations for centuries. The most important relations have been built during Tsarist, ex-communist and neo-Russian governments after 1991. Prior to disintegration of ex-Soviet, Russian policy before Iran had been negative and al More

Iran and Russia has gone ups and downs of relations for centuries. The most important relations have been built during Tsarist, ex-communist and neo-Russian governments after 1991. Prior to disintegration of ex-Soviet, Russian policy before Iran had been negative and always with politico-military interventions, but after disintegration of Soviet Union and during Putin’s presidency, it has maintained a divergently cooperative policy. In these years, Russian policy enjoyed focal points in different areas. Russia’s paradoxical policy has revealed itself particularly about Iran nuclear program. Although Russia was the only country that continued nuclear cooperation with Iran after the western nations resigned to keep on cooperating with Iran, it has, since Iran nuclear crisis began, tried to maintain its relations with Iran and the west and make benefits from such hubbub. Paradoxical policies of Russia affected by internal-external variables led us to trying to explore the reasons behind the paradoxical behavior of Russia to keep a more understandable concept of such policies because miscalculations trigger unfavorable outcomes when further predictable optimism and reliance towards Russia and its real capacities of foreign policy are given consideration. Manuscript profile

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113 - A consideration on the description of Atabat-ol-kataba by Maryam Sadeghi
Mohammadreza Masoumi

10.30495/dk.2021.686440

In addition to correcting and printing literature, accurate description of vocabulary and difficulties in some of these texts is vital which can help the readers of these works helping them to understand the text better. One of these texts, "Atabat-ol-kataba" is written More

In addition to correcting and printing literature, accurate description of vocabulary and difficulties in some of these texts is vital which can help the readers of these works helping them to understand the text better. One of these texts, "Atabat-ol-kataba" is written by Montajab-o-ddin Badi'e Joveini which includes samples of administrative and court-related correspondence as well as friendly letters of Sultan Sanjar Saljuqi era and  revised along with the description of the text in 2017 by Maryam Sadeghi regarding the Allameh Qazvini and Sir Abbas Eqbal; and it has been published in Negah Moaser Publications. This article is the result of reviewing the text description of this book, which has been done with analysis and description of the findings in a library style.The results of this research show that the commentator of "Atabat-ol-kataba", despite his efforts to eliminate the shortcomings of Qazvini-Eqbal printing, has made obvious mistakes in describing some cases, which not only do not remove the ambiguities of the text, but may also mislead the reader. In this research, some of these mistakes as well as typographical faults are presented to explain the necessity of modifying the errors in the book and the need to review it by the commentator for later editions, in addition to the use of the readers of "Atabat-ol-kataba". Manuscript profile

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114 - Stylistic Analysis Sheikh San’an’s story based on functional approach
khadijeh Bahrami rahnama

10.30495/dk.2021.688632

One of the viewpoint in linguistic science is systematic functional viewpoint, in which Language is a social tool for meaning transferring. Halliday is the greatest theorists in functional approach. About a role, he considers grammatical and linguistic concepts for anal More

One of the viewpoint in linguistic science is systematic functional viewpoint, in which Language is a social tool for meaning transferring. Halliday is the greatest theorists in functional approach. About a role, he considers grammatical and linguistic concepts for analyzing a clause, which has three separate semantic layers (ideational, textural and interpersonal metafunctions) but connected to each other which is named metafunction analyzing different literary text like Mantiq-ut-Tayr. Among all the Mantiq-ut-Tayr’s stories, the story of Sheikh San’an is analyzed. This study with using descriptive analysis method has analyzed the problem of different processes, structural and non-structural cohesion and interpersonal metafunction in Sheikh San’an’s story. The result of this research stipulates that material process is used more than other processes in ideational metafunction, which indicates the objective and tangible actions used in this story. In textural structure metafunction, simple theme has a higher frequency than multiple theme and most clauses have embedded theme reiterated. Conjunctions in grammar cohesion, repetition element in reiterated lexicon cohesion-associational in collocation lexicon cohesion have the highest frequency in this story. In textual metafunction, declarative mood has a higher frequency than the other moods and most clauses have positive polarity.  Manuscript profile

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115 - Analysis of Hafez's influences from Rumi
Morteza Darvishi niyafekderi Abolghasem Amirahamdi

10.30495/dk.2022.690475

Poets and writers for empowering and enrichment of poems and for stating their view points,they use olden texts in different style of literal or figurative language which today is called intertexual, intertexual is a new theory in texual critic studies.According to inte More

Poets and writers for empowering and enrichment of poems and for stating their view points,they use olden texts in different style of literal or figurative language which today is called intertexual, intertexual is a new theory in texual critic studies.According to intertexual theory, not any piece of writing is independent and self-made of any writer because any text has used preceding texts and it has been arisen inly from previous texts and contributes coming texts and meaning intertexual text evolves in different texts.Therfore, it helps the reader in deeper comprehension and better understanding of a text. the aim of this study is investigating the relationship of intertextual between lyrics of Hafiz and Romi which is expressing library and Analytica descriptive method for investigating the symbols of intertextualinvolving inliric two poets. studies show that hafiz is a poet who by using the works of the antecedents and by artistic repossessions has expressed them sweeter, more pleasant and conciser. In this field he has used mostly religious and theosophical sources. One of these theosophical sources Romi`s works especially lyrics of shams. subject matter and the results showed the existence of intertextual relationship in the poems of these to poets. Manuscript profile

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116 - A Courage in Al-Mutanabbi Poetry from a Positive Psychological Perspective
Kobra Safari Hassan Shavandi

10.30495/dk.2022.1939178.2326

Positive psychology is a new approach to psychology was invented by Martin Seligman, based on recognizing the abilities and empowering them in human beings instead of discovering the soul and internal diseases. These abilities come from virtues. Positive psychology divi More

Positive psychology is a new approach to psychology was invented by Martin Seligman, based on recognizing the abilities and empowering them in human beings instead of discovering the soul and internal diseases. These abilities come from virtues. Positive psychology divides these virtues into six general ones, and “Courage” is one of these virtues in positivist psychology. This approach of psychology has a special attention to optimism and considers it as its most important principle and believes that the discovery of mental illnesses and trying to cure it, regardless of its positive inner abilities, is a type of pessimism that leads to pessimism. The inside of man makes more open. Thus, a positive psychologist seeks the characteristics, virtues and abilities of people, and counts inner virtues as six virtues, of which courage is one of them. This article is entitled: "Courage in Al-Mutanabbi Poetry from a Positive Psychological Perspective". This research providing a psychological definition on the virtue of courage and its types, to the sources of that virtue such as honesty, endeavor and perseverance, resilience and toughness, risk-taking and flexibility in Al-Mutanabbi poems by relying on descriptive-analytical method, in order to expand the interdisciplinary researches, and provide a new gate for literature researchers. This research has evaluated Al-Mutanabbi as a brave and an optimist person. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

117 - Noteable Thematic and Features in Bayazid's "shathiyyat"
Fatemeh Heidari

Although Mystic passes moments of his life in transcendental empyrean world  that it is nonspace and nontemporal, and it is empty of any plurality, when he narrates about his experience of Unity, he has to use ways of the Plural world that they are concept and logi More

Although Mystic passes moments of his life in transcendental empyrean world  that it is nonspace and nontemporal, and it is empty of any plurality, when he narrates about his experience of Unity, he has to use ways of the Plural world that they are concept and logical and he uses from both literal and virtual languages for his description, However his speech is paradoxical and needs explanation and Interpretation. Bayazid-e-Bastami reports from various experiences after intuition of unity his finite self with Universal Self or infinite that makes his description Language, artistic and aesthetic. And it has made his mystically propositions, meaningless for some people, the people accepted them; they cannot either denied them or verified. He uses literal and virtual languages and imagery as simile, metaphor, symbol to describe absolute unity world. He familiarizes the audience who is beginner at the mystical journey with intuition of God, Khlyfhatollahi status, of transcendental world that it is beyond the limit of expression and it doesn't have any place or time to explain. However his paradoxical speech doesn't overflow from his language for aesthetic value and poetic beauties, they have imaginary and phenomenal images. This article tries to study structural features of rhetorical and thematic of Bayzid's "Shathiyyat". Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

118 - The Contrastive Analysis of the whole Person Characteristics in the View of Molana and Attar on the Basis of Paradoxes and Gnostic Hints
Zarrintaj Varedi Abdollah maghamian zade

In some literary works,there are  some words, literary terms, phrases, and speeches which are different from the normal linguistic conventions and literary tropes. This has derived from the new vieo-point toward existence. A poet or author who has reached this fres More

In some literary works,there are  some words, literary terms, phrases, and speeches which are different from the normal linguistic conventions and literary tropes. This has derived from the new vieo-point toward existence. A poet or author who has reached this fresh insight and is able to utter this in a new style of language and literary tecniques had, indeed, accessed a personal style. Only a few number of authors in Persian literature have been able to reach this personal style, and Roomi and Attar are,doubtlessly,among the bests and the most distinguished ones. This personal style can be investigated from three dimentions: thought, language, and literary dimension. Of the literary dimension, paradox or paradoxical imagery is a technique which highlights the meaning in a few words, and usually depicts a large amount of meaning and inexplicable mystical experiences of the poet. Having used this literary trope in their works, Roomi and Attar, as two famous poets in Islamic mysticism, have tried to express their own mystical experiences at the service of concept of "the perfect man" by means of this tecnique. The article in hand, first of all, gives a definition of paradox and the reasons of its creation, and then brings some examples of its trace out of the works of Roomi and Attar to show how and why  they have used it to express the notion of perfect man.     Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

119 - Reflection of Ancient Iranian Culture in Naser Khosrow's Rhetorical Poems (Based on Arabic Sources)
Vahid Sabzianpour Touraj Zinivand Muslim Khazli

Naser Khosrow is one of the famous orators and wise poets of the fifth century of Persian literature. In his poems, he has been influenced by both Islamic and Iranian cultures, but of course less attention has been paid to his influence on Iranian culture. This article More

Naser Khosrow is one of the famous orators and wise poets of the fifth century of Persian literature. In his poems, he has been influenced by both Islamic and Iranian cultures, but of course less attention has been paid to his influence on Iranian culture. This article also intends to study the influence of Naser Khosrow on the culture and wisdom of ancient Iran, relying on the main and first-hand Arabic and Iranian sources. The main objectives and axes of this article are: a. A brief introduction to the value of wisdom in ancient Iran and the generalities of research. B. Analysis of Naser Khosrow's poems and expression of Naser Khosrow's influence on the wisdom of ancient Iran and the wisdom of Mutnabi. The main finding of this research is that Naser Khosrow has been influenced by the wisdom of ancient Iran through his knowledge of the culture of ancient Iran, which was passed down to him from generation to generation. Nasser Khosrow has also been influenced by Abbasid culture and Arabic literature and its poets, especially Mutnabi, who, of course, have their main roots in ancient Iran.   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

120 - The Intertextual Relationship between Hafiz and Sayeh’s Sonnets
Mozhgan Mahdavi Farhad Tahmasbi

Among the modern literary topics one is the intertextuality that explores the semantic, stylistic and sociological relations in literary works, as well as the course of cognitive grounds and their evolutions. According to the theory of intertextuality, no context is ind More

Among the modern literary topics one is the intertextuality that explores the semantic, stylistic and sociological relations in literary works, as well as the course of cognitive grounds and their evolutions. According to the theory of intertextuality, no context is independent of other ones; contexts are interrelated and bound to the contexts before and after them. This article aims to study the intertextual relations between the sonnets of Hafiz and Houshang Ebtehaj aka Sayeh. From among the Iranian contemporary sonneteers Sayeh is closer to classic poets and to Hafez in specific, regarding his fluency and stylistic composition. The question here is the intertextual frequency between Sayeh’s sonnets and Hafiz’s. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

121 - Examining the concept of identity from a deconstructive perspective in Sam Shepard's family plays
fazel asadi amjad seyed sara ghazi mirsaed

LKDJKLS

LKDJKLS Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

122 - Analysis of the Theory of intertextuality in SiminDaneshvar’sThe Serpent and the Man
Fateme Bidakhoidi Fateme Heidari

Literature is a dynamic, alive entity, which is inevitably adapted, composed, affected, impressed and recreated. Therefore, literary worksinteract. Every text is inevitably created based on the previous literary texts and literary heritage. A few literary works can be f More

Literature is a dynamic, alive entity, which is inevitably adapted, composed, affected, impressed and recreated. Therefore, literary worksinteract. Every text is inevitably created based on the previous literary texts and literary heritage. A few literary works can be found with no link to other texts in any way. Poets and authors have acknowledged the fact that the themes and issues have already been uttered or written, and it makes the situation difficult to them. Julia Kristeva introduced the theory of intertextuality which indicates any relationship between the various texts. Having studied Kristeva’s theories and works, Gérard Genette expanded the theory. The main point of the present paper is to examine the instances of intersexuality in SiminDaneshvar’sThe Serpent and the Man in the light of in the light of intersexuality. The researcher tries to figure out and analyze the relationship between this story and text before it. Considering the theory of intertextuality and its history in literary texts, the researcher presents a brief summary of the story, and then analyzes the story through Gérard Genette’s theory.This research aims to deal with the interaction between the story of The Serpent and the Man with other literary texts and obtain extra information on the subject. The methodology deals with Genette’s theory of intertextuality. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

123 - Hypertext, a New Challenge for Hermeneutics
Nozhat Noohi

Comprehending the relationship between textual signs with the signs of the other systems is of interest for  modern hermeneutics .In the computer world today, hypermedia sites are rapidly expanding  and they can provide texts along with graphic, audio, music a More

Comprehending the relationship between textual signs with the signs of the other systems is of interest for  modern hermeneutics .In the computer world today, hypermedia sites are rapidly expanding  and they can provide texts along with graphic, audio, music and speaking signs, so that a text changes – on the basis of informatics –  into a hypertext. So the idea of “dialogue by means of a text” in the background of a hypertext would be of more significance. Then, hidden meanings of a hypertext are not to be discovered once and for all, and the interpretation will continue infinitely. In future, hypermedia synthetic literature will bear non-existing aspects of the text that in due course will challenge the hermeneutics. This article reviews hermeneutics in the realms of text and hypertext through emphasizing the media-based modern literary forms. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

124 - Tazkeratol Awlia's Metatextualitis Based on the Gerard Genette's theory
zahra hatampour Atta Mohammad Radmanesh mahbobeh khorasani

10.30495/dk.2020.677776

Whenever based Gerard Genette's theory، first text criticizes and interprets second text their relationship will be metatextual. Accordingly can be considered two types of metatextualate forTazkeratol Awlia. The first type is the inner metatextuality or confirmatory com More

Whenever based Gerard Genette's theory، first text criticizes and interprets second text their relationship will be metatextual. Accordingly can be considered two types of metatextualate forTazkeratol Awlia. The first type is the inner metatextuality or confirmatory comments and interpretations is located in between or the end of anecdotes and sayings .Outer metatextuality includes confirmatory comments or denial about text that Finds a critical aspect and distinct interpretations of the text. Tazkeratol Awlia is the book that most of its contents is Awlia's anecdotes and sayings. According to Attar's word in his book's introduction, he intended to Quote  less from herself in the middle of his book but There are phrases in this book that is explanation and interpretation of The mystics's anecdotes and sayings and Shows the author's opinion towards them . These phrases are presented in various ways and in different titles and is considered a species of metatextuality. Also the criticisms and opinions of writers, scholars, and critics of mysticism form another form of this work's metatextualitis. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

125 - The Method of Discourse Analysis in Sohrab Sepehri’s Poetry
Mahdi Sharifian

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Open Access Article

126 - Intertextuality Criticism of Two Literary Works: Bustan and Qabousnameh
Fatemeh Emami

10.30495/dk.2020.678944

Based on the intertextuality approach, in the field of literature, a new text is not formed as it is considered as an intertextuality of the texts before it. The theory of intertextuality is concerned with the relationship between the texts; a relationship recurrent in More

Based on the intertextuality approach, in the field of literature, a new text is not formed as it is considered as an intertextuality of the texts before it. The theory of intertextuality is concerned with the relationship between the texts; a relationship recurrent in literary works. The theorists in this field, such as Kristeva and Barthes, argue that there is no pure text and all the texts have already existed , and only the narrator is different. This article seeks to study and analyze The Bustan of Saadi and Qabousnameh of Onsor al-Ma’ali in order to explain the commonalities and recurrent elements of these two significant literary works and stress the point that, according to the theory of intertextuality that states that no text is original, in terms of content. Hence The Bustan of Saadi is a reflection of the texts before itself, including Qabousnameh of Onsor al-Ma’ali, which is the aim of this research. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

127 - The transtextual relationship between Abu-Shakur Balkhi'sAfarinNameh and Saadi'sBustan and Gulistan
javad rahimi atani Fatemeh Heidari

10.30495/dk.2021.682100

According to intertextual theory, no text is formed in isolation, and each text is influenced in an explicit or implicit way by the books before it.Gérard Genette studied the relationship of texts to the subject of transtextualite. He categorized it into five cat More

According to intertextual theory, no text is formed in isolation, and each text is influenced in an explicit or implicit way by the books before it.Gérard Genette studied the relationship of texts to the subject of transtextualite. He categorized it into five categories: intertextuality, hypertextuality, metatextuality,Paratextuality andarchitextuality. Accordingly, the purpose of this article is to examine these five categories between Abu-Shakur Balkhi'sAfarin-Name and Saadi'sBustan and Gulistan. It has been done in a library and descriptive-analytical way. Both poets have commonalities in the fields of: science and wisdom, speech, luck, greediness and the value of contentment, enjoying life and in the context of Didactic literature. Saadi's works have been strongly influencedAs "hypertext" (second text)From Afarinnameh as "hypotext" (first text)And we can say thatSaadi's works are a perfect example of the subject ofrelationship of texts transtextual That the category has more intertextuality and transtextuality with the hypotext of its text. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

128 - Optimism in Motenabbi's panegyrics from Seligman psychological viewpoints
Kobra Safari Hassan Shavandi

In the second half of the 20 century Martin Seligman, American psychologist, proposed a new look to psychology. In his new approach, the psychologists focus on the half full part of the glass instead of its half empty part and illuminate dark points of the mind and psyc More

In the second half of the 20 century Martin Seligman, American psychologist, proposed a new look to psychology. In his new approach, the psychologists focus on the half full part of the glass instead of its half empty part and illuminate dark points of the mind and psych by developing available capabilities of individuals. In this approach optimism is of two kinds: innate and explanatory. In innate optimism individual sees every future thing optimistic and justifies them for the sake of escape. But in explanatory optimism the individual ascribes the success to inner mental forces and causes. Knowing this psychological approach, the writers of this article led to search this outlook in Arabic poetic literature in order to deal with optimism in Motenabbi's panegyrics from Seligman psychological viewpoints in an interdisciplinary format and with the hypothesis that Motenabbi enjoyed an optimistic outlook in his poems. In this way the above mentioned hypothesis is solved by library studies and data gathering and the question of optimism in Motenabbi's panegyrics is answered from Seligman psychologic approach and ultimately the article reaches to two inate and explanatory optimism in Motenabbi's Divān (collected poems) Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

129 - Aesthetics of Color in Motanabbi's Poems
Isa Mottaqizadeh Khatereh Ahmadi

Researches support that color is like a force that affects on nervous system and this effect is not less than music and sometimes it may be more than that. Poets throughout history have shown great interest in color, but this interest varies from time to time. As at Pre More

Researches support that color is like a force that affects on nervous system and this effect is not less than music and sometimes it may be more than that. Poets throughout history have shown great interest in color, but this interest varies from time to time. As at Pre-Islamic era, color was used in its original meaning in most situations and this view has slowly gone toward using color in symbolic meanings. As far as we can see poets of next eras especially in contemporary period use color in its symbolic meaning. Since the Abbasid period is golden period of Arabic literature and according to Motanabbi’s prominent situation among the poets of this period, we tried to study color in poems of this valuable poet using descriptive-analytic method and expressing color application in two symbolic and explicit kinds. It is observed that the poet sometimes uses the color in symbolic meaning and sometimes in original meaning and sometimes he uses both meanings together in a couplet. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

130 - Kalman Filtering for Improvement Surface-to-Air Missile Guidance
Mahdi Hosein Zadeh Heravian

10.30495/jce.2022.1966590.1169

Homing missiles are classified as Surface-to-air missiles. These missiles are used for air targets like airplane or helicopter combat. To counteract these missiles, fighter aircrafts use pseudo targets to deviate the course of the missiles. These pseudo targets in the f More

Homing missiles are classified as Surface-to-air missiles. These missiles are used for air targets like airplane or helicopter combat. To counteract these missiles, fighter aircrafts use pseudo targets to deviate the course of the missiles. These pseudo targets in the form of Flyer Decoys, Jamming or Clutter are effective means to disable such missiles. In early versions of guidance systems, missiles turn-off their guidance systems temporarily. This can help in limited situations. However, in this paper an advanced guidance system based on Extended Kalman Filters is proposed. It is shown that using the estimated values of the variables from Kalman Filter, can modify the course of missile fight leading to the target. Due to the bearing-only nature of the system, it shown that initial conditions are very important in the estimation process. To reduce the effect of initial conditions, a set of Extended Kalman Filter is introduced. Simulation results are provided to show the effectiveness of the proposed methodology. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

131 - Experimental Investigation of Forced Convective Heat Transfer of Nanofluids Fe3O4 Magnetic Field Influences the Variable Magnetic Field
M.H. Dibaei M.B. Shafii M.H. Nobakhti

Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

132 - Mohammad Khan Dashti’s Works and Their Manuscripts
Hossein Jalalpoor

Mohammad Khan Hadji Khane Jamal Khane Dashti has been among the leading poets of the literary restoration period. He enjoyed his generosity and reputation and his position as a khan (boss) of Dashti. His transition from his political career and his being in touch with t More

Mohammad Khan Hadji Khane Jamal Khane Dashti has been among the leading poets of the literary restoration period. He enjoyed his generosity and reputation and his position as a khan (boss) of Dashti. His transition from his political career and his being in touch with the prominent figures in the Qajar era changed him into a professional poet. This can be figured out through the ongoing changes in his poetry. During his lifetime, his poetry attracted the attention of people in power, well-known poets, and biographers; however, throughout the course of time, his works are being gradually ignored. Besides his Divan, which is composed of different types of poems-sonnets in particular- he has written several other books as well. This paper attempts to introduce his works and make an overview of his poetry. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

133 - Congeries, the Ornament of All Figures of Speech
Seyed Mojtaba Hosseini, Gholamreza Fathi,

Congeries is the most effective figure of speech that is created by the poet    through choosing approp riate words. Also called “taxis,” congeries makes other figures of speech take an active role in the literary work. However, literary-term More

Congeries is the most effective figure of speech that is created by the poet    through choosing approp riate words. Also called “taxis,” congeries makes other figures of speech take an active role in the literary work. However, literary-terminology books do not give a comprehensive definition of the term “congeries”; thus, they need to be reviewd. This paper is an attempt to offer a correct definition of “congeries” through various examples.     Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

134 - Varavini in Mutanabbi’s table
M. Khazaeili M. Khazaeili

Marzban-nameh is one of the important books of Persian literature and one of the masterpieces of Persian prose which has been written ornately yet in most cases quite simply, very eloquently and beautifully. This valuable work was written in Tabari dialect by Marzban Ib More

Marzban-nameh is one of the important books of Persian literature and one of the masterpieces of Persian prose which has been written ornately yet in most cases quite simply, very eloquently and beautifully. This valuable work was written in Tabari dialect by Marzban Ibn Rostam Ibn Shervin, one of the Tabari princes. And it was rewritten from ancient Tabari dialect to Dari Persian Language by worthy Author and scholar, Sad-Al-Din Varavini which adorned in the literal and spiritual Persian and Arabic poetry and proverbs and News. Marzban-nameh is considered allegorical literature (fable) and its prose is technical. Arabic and Persian proverbs can be found in abundance in this valuable book. One of the poets whose poetries have been used in Marzban-nameh as a witness and example is the renowned Arab poet, Mutanabbi. He is Abbasid era poet in the early fourth century AD that the owner of this exquisite treasure has used his proverbs and aphorisms in his writing. Even, common themes are observed between Mutanabbi’s proverbs and proverbs in Marzban-nameh. In this study, it is tried to study and find proverbs and aphorisms which have similarities and parallels. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

135 - Toojihol- Mahal- in Persian literature
Ahmad Zakeri

one of the most attractive literature decorations is toojhol- Mahhal this new and beautiful decoration appeared by speeches of great thinkers and poets such as Bayazid Bastami and Hossein- ebne- Mansour Hallaj and then was fixed in poems of Senaei Ghaznavi, Attar Neisha More

one of the most attractive literature decorations is toojhol- Mahhal this new and beautiful decoration appeared by speeches of great thinkers and poets such as Bayazid Bastami and Hossein- ebne- Mansour Hallaj and then was fixed in poems of Senaei Ghaznavi, Attar Neishabourl and Hafez, then its range included poems in style of Indian- Sfahani. For this literature decoration we can state some branches like shatah, opposition of habit, unity of opponents (vefagh- al- zeddin) which has been remembered in logics knowledge with names comparing generation (khias- khalad) and opposition- appearing. In literature critic books and our new days, its place is empty although our contemporary literature also has a half- look on it. In this article we will survey this long- standing decoration of Persian literature.   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

136 - Optimizing of landuse using multilayer perceptron neural network in Hamedan city
Naser Shafieisabet Faranak Fezybabaei Cheshmeh Sefeidi

10.30495/girs.2023.685839

Background and Objective The protection of natural resources, especially land, and their use, has long been considered. It can be said that because land use has undergone many changes over time, these changes have direct and many effects on the ecosystem and the environ More

Background and Objective The protection of natural resources, especially land, and their use, has long been considered. It can be said that because land use has undergone many changes over time, these changes have direct and many effects on the ecosystem and the environment and consequently have various consequences, including these consequences that can be used to change land use. The area was affected by the rapid expansion of urbanization and its effects on land-use patterns in the surrounding environment and, finally, land fragmentation in these areas. Accordingly, in many cases, converting land use from its natural state to artificial land use has irreversible consequences. To reduce the consequences, this can be adapted to the land use structure. Land appropriateness refers to matching the capacities of a plot of land and its land use, and the disproportionate allocation of land use and disregard for its changes has many consequences such as socio-economic segregation, environmental depletion, and loss of resources. Decisions in land and resource management should always be guided in a way that does not conflict with the interests of society and the natural environment. In this regard, one of the effective ways to control and minimize the damage and consequences of land use is to adapt its structure so that, based on the characteristics of land resources and their capabilities, the land can be spatially distributed and arranged more rationally. This study aims to identify and zone the appropriateness of land use structure with the existing capabilities in Hamedan and to evaluate the efficiency of the multilayer perceptron neural network method in the field of land use structure optimization in this city.Materials and Methods In this study, to adapt the land use structure in the city of Hamedan, based on the research background and according to the effective criteria in the field of land use structure, various indicators were selected, including 12 land use indicators, slope, average temperature, and average rainfall. Average humidity, average wind speed, geology, soil type, distance from the river, distance from wells, distance from main roads, and vegetation type. Then, using the field visit, the points with user suitability were registered as educational points. After preparing the layers of the mentioned indicators, these layers were standardized in the software environment of the GIS system. In the next step, the multilayer perceptron neural network uses the after-release algorithm by importing layers affecting the optimization of the land use structure as input and using the middle layer of distance. From appropriate points in terms of land use structure, this network was implemented with the structure of 1-10-12 to adapt the land use structure in Hamedan. From 35% of the total image pixels, the distance from the agricultural proportions as training points falls into three categories the first part (70%) for network training, the second part (15%) for stopping calculations when the error is increasing, and the third part (15%) was used for network verification. Finally, the final land suitability map was drawn. The resulting layer had a value between 0 and 1 which was divided into five land suitability classes. In the present study, after identifying the factors affecting the land use structure and adapting its structure, and preparing each of them, the mentioned layers were standardized. Then, using the field visit, the points with appropriate use were recorded as educational points. Thus, the land use structure was adjusted by the multilayer perceptron neural network model with 58 replications. The results of the neural network validation and the resulting output layer indicate the high accuracy of the network in fitting the land use structure so that the square root mean values of error (RMSE), and absolute error (MAE). Correlation coefficient (R2) in the implementation process of the network is equal to 0.19, 0.21, and 0.89, respectively, indicating the network's high accuracy in implementing the optimizing process. Completely inappropriately divided, and the results showed that most of the areas covered some somewhat suitable and perfectly suitable lands with 32.62 and 28.13% of the total area, respectively.Results and Discussion In the present study, after identifying the factors affecting the land use structure and adapting its structure, and preparing each of them, the mentioned layers were standardized. Then, using the field visit, the points with appropriate use were recorded as educational points. Thus, the land use structure was adjusted by the model of a multilayer perceptron neural network with 58 replications. The results of the neural network validation and the resulting output layer indicate the high accuracy of the network in fitting the land use structure so that the square root mean values of error (RMSE), and absolute error (MAE). The correlation coefficient (R2) in the implementation process of the network is equal to 0.19, 0.21, and 0.89, respectively, which indicates the network's high accuracy in the implementation of the optimizing process. Completely inappropriately divided, and the results showed that most of the areas covered some somewhat suitable and perfectly suitable lands with 32.62 and 28.13% of the total area, respectively.Conclusion The results of optimizing land use structure in Hamedan show that most of the area is not suitable for agricultural activities in terms of effective factors. In this area, most urban land uses completely barren and uncultivable lands, lands. There are mountainous, rocky, and low-quality pastures, mainly in the western and southwestern areas of Hamedan. Also, in this area, lands that have been relatively suitable in terms of a proportion are quite suitable in terms of 12 factors in the best conditions for agricultural and horticultural activities and are the best place for developing agricultural activities. Thus, to change the land use conditions towards a more appropriate trend while paying attention to integrated urban-rural planning for Hamedan and its surrounding settlements. It is recommended to pay attention to land use planning rural-urban plans and projects because the rapid expansion of Hamedan and its suburban spaces has created numerous challenges in terms of land suitability. In such a way that about 23.1% of the lands are ready to be transformed into unsuitable and completely unsuitable conditions. In addition, 32.62% of land use is subject to change to semi-suitable conditions. Based on what has been said, controlling, supervising, and directing the constructions and preventing the over-horizontal expansion of the city of Hamedan and its surrounding spaces by urban and rural stakeholders (local management) is proposed to rangeland and agricultural lands. The findings of the study also indicated that the highest area of land in this area is related to somewhat suitable and perfectly suitable land and the lowest area belongs to unsuitable and somewhat unsuitable land. Therefore, it can be said that the city of Hamedan is currently in a semi-suitable situation in terms of land suitability, which can have a more favorable trend in the future with proper planning and policies. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

137 - Adversarial Attacks in a text sentiment Analysis model
Sahar Mokarrami Sefidab Seyed Abolghasem Mirroshandel hamidreza Ahmadifar Mahdi Mokarrami

Background and Purpose: Recently some researchers have shown that deep learning models, despite their high accuracy, can be vulnerable through some manipulations of their input samples. This manipulation leads to the production of new samples called Adversarial examples More

Background and Purpose: Recently some researchers have shown that deep learning models, despite their high accuracy, can be vulnerable through some manipulations of their input samples. This manipulation leads to the production of new samples called Adversarial examples. These samples are very similar to the original ones, so humans cannot differentiate between these samples and the original, and cannot remove them from the dataset before predicting the model and preventing model errors. Various types of research have been done to generate malicious samples and inject them into the model, among which, the production of text samples has its own difficulties due to the discrete nature of the text. In this research, we tried to reach the highest level of vulnerability by providing a method with the least manipulation of the input data, and by testing the proposed method, we were able to bring the accuracy of CNN and LSTM models to less than 10%.Methods: In this research, for making malicious samples, first, a word that can increase the amount of error in the classification prediction is selected from the word dictionary as a candidate word for replacement by using Taylor expansion and then considering the importance of each word in the calculated cost of the corresponding candidate word, we proposed an arrangement for substitution between words. Finally, we moved the words in the specified order until the output of the model changed.Results: The evaluation of the presented method on two sentiment analysis models, LSTM and CNN, has shown that the proposed method has been very effective in reducing the accuracy of both models to less than 10% with a small number of replacements and this indicates the success of the proposed method compared to some other similar methods.Conclusion: As mentioned, most of the attention of science and industry is on the production of different systems using deep learning methods, so their security of them is also important. It is important to increase the strength of the models against adversarial examples. In this research, a method with the least amount of manipulation was presented to produce textual conflict samples. It seems that in the future it will be possible to use different methods of making natural texts to produce samples that, in addition to the apparent similarity to the original sample, are also comprehensible in terms of content. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

138 - Sentiment Analysis of People’s opinion about Iranian National Cars with BERT
Leila Gonbadi Niloofar Ranjbar

Introduction: With the development of the internet and social media, people have been actively discussing political and economic issues, and sharing their opinions online. The vast amount of data generated from these online discussions can be analyzed through text minin More

Introduction: With the development of the internet and social media, people have been actively discussing political and economic issues, and sharing their opinions online. The vast amount of data generated from these online discussions can be analyzed through text mining methods to extract valuable information. One such method is aspect-based sentiment analysis, which allows for the analysis of people's opinions on various aspects of a topic. In this paper, we will focus on the analysis of people's opinions on the Iranian automobile industry and national cars using aspect-based sentiment analysis.Methodology: To achieve our goal, we first introduce a method for extracting different aspects related to national cars. We then use the "BERT" language model to extract vectors for different sentences related to the various aspects and finally use a neural network to classify the sentiments expressed in these sentences as positive, negative, or neutral.Results: The analysis of public opinions on various aspects of Iranian cars showed that the most discussed aspects were design, quality, and price. The sentiment expressed towards design was largely positive, with people expressing admiration for the unique and modern designs of Iranian cars. The sentiment expressed towards quality was mixed, with some people praising the improved quality of national cars, while others criticized the use of low-quality materials. The sentiment expressed towards price was largely negative, with people complaining about the high prices of Iranian cars compared to their foreign counterparts.Discussion: The results of our analysis provide valuable insights into the level of public satisfaction with various aspects of Iranian cars.  The mixed sentiment expressed towards the quality of Iranian cars highlights the need for manufacturers to focus on using high-quality materials to improve the overall quality of their products. The negative sentiment expressed toward the price of Iranian cars suggests that car manufacturers need to find ways to reduce production costs and offer more competitive pricing. In conclusion, aspect-based sentiment analysis can be used as an effective method to analyze public opinions on various aspects of a topic. Our analysis of public opinions on the Iranian automobile industry and national cars provides valuable insights for car manufacturers to improve the design, quality, and pricing of their products. By taking these insights into account, manufacturers can improve their performance and meet the needs and expectations of their customers. Manuscript profile

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139 - Intertextual Reading of Form and Color in the Artworks of Masoud Arabshahi based on Gerard Genett's Opinions
Farzaneh Vahed Dehkordi Asghar Javani Jouni

10.30486/pia.2023.1994542.1050

The theorists of Intertextuality believe that there is no original text. Therefore, Masoud Arabshahi's artworks are akin to other works based on previous texts. Masoud Arabshahi is one of the contemporary artists who has drawn from various pretexts in the form and color More

The theorists of Intertextuality believe that there is no original text. Therefore, Masoud Arabshahi's artworks are akin to other works based on previous texts. Masoud Arabshahi is one of the contemporary artists who has drawn from various pretexts in the form and color of his artworks. The use of these pretexts can be recognized through intertextual relationships. In this research, which explores the 'intertextual reading of form and color in Arabshahi's artworks based on Gerard Genette's opinions,' different aspects of text and intertextuality, as well as the theorists of this approach, especially Gerard Genette, are elucidated. Subsequently, Arabshahi's artworks (12 samples), which have been categorized and purposefully selected, are analyzed, and the types of Genette's intertextuality (intentional-overt, intentional-hidden, and implicit) in the form and color of these artworks are specified. This research is qualitative and follows a descriptive-analytical method. It employs basic theory and reasoning to explain the relationships and understand the components of a visual work, conducted in the form of reading texts and documents. This research seeks to answer the question of which pretexts Arabshahi's artworks have utilized in form and color, and how intertextual relationships, based on Genette's theory, are employed in his works. The results indicate that Masoud Arabshahi has made more use of the pretexts from ancient Iranian and Mesopotamian arts in his artworks than other pretexts. Additionally, the use of earlier texts has gradually evolved in Arabshahi's works, transitioning from overt intertextuality to hidden and then to implicit. Manuscript profile

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140 - A Glimpse at the Inter-textual Relationship between Dr. Ghadamali Saramis Poetry and Cognitive Field Of Mysticism
Mehri Talkhabi

The purpose of this paper is that, using the intertextuality theory one can show that a work itself is the result of attracting other texts. This paper contemplating on the Ghadamali Sarrami’s lyrics shows that he is a poet who doesn’t hide intertextual nature in his wo More

The purpose of this paper is that, using the intertextuality theory one can show that a work itself is the result of attracting other texts. This paper contemplating on the Ghadamali Sarrami’s lyrics shows that he is a poet who doesn’t hide intertextual nature in his works. Sarrami's works have strong intertextual relations with mysticism. Finally, this paper concludes that, the easier it will be realized Sarrami’s poetry semantic horizons by knowing the frame of reference of mystical. Manuscript profile

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141 - Intertextual Relationship of Safvat-al-Safa and Asrar-al-Tawhid (Based on Theory of Gerard Genette)
khodabakhsh Asadollahi Sorraya Karimi

10.2234/erfan.2023.706033

Gerard Genette, one of the prominent scholars, relates the intertextuality of each text with its predecessors and in the theory of over-texture, the relation between any texts has been raised with its prefaced text. During the mystical period the discussion of mystics h More

Gerard Genette, one of the prominent scholars, relates the intertextuality of each text with its predecessors and in the theory of over-texture, the relation between any texts has been raised with its prefaced text. During the mystical period the discussion of mystics has been remarkable with similar views and the structure of mystical tokens such as Safvat-al-Safa and the Asrar-al-Tawhid based on certain thoughts and speeches of mysticism. This study aims at enlightening the mystical aspects of the eighth century it is argued that the Qaramate and the ideas of Sheikh Safi according to the viewpoint and Qaramate of Abu Sa'id Abu- al-Khair in terms of the theory of genes. As a result of this research, intertextual orientation of Safvat al-Safa is welcomed in the wake of Abu Sa'id Abu- al-Khair thoughts in Asrar-al-Tawhid. The similarity of the themes of Safvat al-Safa with the wisdom of Qaramati like Tey-al-arz, Farasat, Death issues, people̕ s rescues and the like and the moral and educational concepts such as Self-education, Covering, and other issues of the intertextual relationship between these two works is confirmed. Manuscript profile

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142 - Quranic Intertextuality in Baba Afzal Kashani’s Literary Works (Based on Gerard Genette’s Theory
masroureh Mokhtari Mahsa Kazempour

With the arrival of Islam in Iran Quranic teachings in the individual and social life of Muslims took a special role followed by Quranic verses and hadiths in the literary and mystical texts of the people of this land, reflected and the writers and poets of your word de More

With the arrival of Islam in Iran Quranic teachings in the individual and social life of Muslims took a special role followed by Quranic verses and hadiths in the literary and mystical texts of the people of this land, reflected and the writers and poets of your word decorated with Quranic themes and in various ways showed their writing power. Interpersonalism is one of the structuralists issues according to it, any text of the texts before itself has been influenced; therefore, the authors do not create the original effect; but it also extracts its features from the texts before it. Baba Afzal Kashani is a wise and spiritual ontologist; one of the aspects of his thoughts on human thinking and ontology and many of his topics are inspired by the verses of the holy Qur'an the word's of revelation in the works of this great wise have left many spiritual and verbal influences; as discussed in the essay by Baba Afzal Kashani (madaregolkamal and gavdanname), this influence on the depth of his thoughts is an excellent expression and a feature of his style of writing. The present research project is analytically-descriptive and uses library resource's, has examined the influence of Baba Afzal Kashani on the Qur'an and narration the results of the studies show that he has expressed his mystical thought's, using the Quran and narrative, and has created a deep link between Quranic thought's and literary-mystical thought's given the division of Gérard Genette from Intertextuality, Baba Afzal to the forms, straight (Revealing), and Non-explicit (Hidden and deliberate) and implied, the Quran and narration both in content and in the structure of the treatises have been influenced Manuscript profile

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143 - بررسی تحلیلی تأثیر ذهن و زبان سنایی بر مولانا (بر اساس رویکرد بینامتنی)
Katayoun Moradi ali mohammad moazeni

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144 - تاویل عرفانی متون مقدس و رابطۀ آن با بیان متناقض‌نما
Vadood Valizadeh Fatemeh Lajevardi

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145 - Effect of plant-derived smoke on germination and seedling growth in some species weed
Marjan Diyanat

In order to evaluate effects of plant-derived smoke on germination and seedling growth in some species weeds an experiment was conducted in factorial based on completely randomized design at laboratory of ecology of Faculty of Agriculture, Islamic Azad University, Scien More

In order to evaluate effects of plant-derived smoke on germination and seedling growth in some species weeds an experiment was conducted in factorial based on completely randomized design at laboratory of ecology of Faculty of Agriculture, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, in 2015. First Factor was 12 weed species and second factor was germination treatment consisted of 10-3 M KNO3, 10–4 M GA3, 0.01 and 0.1 (V/V) smoke-extract dilution at constant temperature and alternating temperature. For the study species the relative effectiveness of alternating temperatures, KNO3, GA3 and smoke –extract dilution were compared on germination percentage, mean time to germination and seedling dry weight relative to the control. Results showed that smoke-extract dilution stimulated germination and seedling growth in a number of species weeds and it also had negative impacts on other species weeds. There were significant correlations between the effect of smoke-extract dilution and GA3 on the three measured parameters. None of the treatments were effective on all weed species. In addition, smoke –extract dilution appears to have no negative impact on seedling morphology, as observed with GA3, and may have wide-scale applicability as a germination and early growth stimulant. So smoke may have wide applicability as a germination and seedling growth stimulant in some species weeds. Manuscript profile

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146 - A Comparative Study of the Variety of Paradox Functions in Shams Langroudi's Poems with Belgram's Theory
teymour karami Mah nazari

A Comparative Study of the Variety of Paradox Functions in Shams Langroudi's Poems with Belgram's TheoryTeymour karami 1Mah nazri 2AbstractParadox is one of the most technical literary industries that arises from the combination of two opposing elements in a subject and More

A Comparative Study of the Variety of Paradox Functions in Shams Langroudi's Poems with Belgram's TheoryTeymour karami 1Mah nazri 2AbstractParadox is one of the most technical literary industries that arises from the combination of two opposing elements in a subject and leads to the creation of a new meaning. Paradoxical view is divided into three categories: verbal (synthetic), grammatical and content (analytical). What has been overlooked is the examination of the relationship between the two sides of the paradox. Paradoxical expressions in Shams Langroudi's poems have been expressed in various ways with the help of his creative power of imagination. His metalanguage expression allows the impossible to be present in order to convey concepts and express socio-cultural issues.This research has been done by descriptive-analytical method using library sources, by applying the theory of Gholam Ali Azad Belgrami (Indian poet and researcher of the eleventh century AH) in categorizing the cause-and-effect relations between the two sides of the paradox.This is the fundamental question. 1- Do the two sides of the paradoxes used in Shams Langroudi's poems have eleven kinds of relations considered by Belgrami? 2- What kind of paradoxes are most used in Shams Langroudi's poems?Keywords: Contradictory, Paradoxical, Belgerami, Shams Langroudi-------------------------------------------------- -------1- PhD student of Persian Language and Literature, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran. karami.eng@gmail.com2- Associate Professor, Department of Persian Language and Literature, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran.(Responsible author ) nazari113@yahoo.com Manuscript profile

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147 - A look at the paradoxes of Khajoo Kermani's Divan
Pouran Alizadeh

Paradox is one of the literary tricks that is present in oral speech, philosophy, logic and even areas of human life, and it is a poetic combination of two words that have a contradictory meaning and seem intellectually impossible. In literature, this trick is one of th More

Paradox is one of the literary tricks that is present in oral speech, philosophy, logic and even areas of human life, and it is a poetic combination of two words that have a contradictory meaning and seem intellectually impossible. In literature, this trick is one of the beautiful verbal arrangements that its beauty factor is in the astonishment that it creates in the mind of the audience. Khajoo Kermani is one of the powerful poets of the eighth century AH who has used this paradox very artistically in conveying concepts and themes; Therefore, the present study is dedicated to examining the paradox in Khajoo Divan. The method of this research is descriptive-analytical. The results show that Khajoo Kermani in his poetry collection looked at these paradoxes as one of the literary and poetic tricks and considered them from different angles and used various techniques in expressing these contrasting elements. And has provided the means to highlight his word. Manuscript profile

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148 - Aesthetics of Application of Contradiction in Theosophical Satire
sepideh moosavi malek mohammad farrokh zad

Satire is amply found in Persian literature, including theosophical texts. Theosophy and satire have many philosophical-structural features in common; one is, they are both founded on the union of contradictory entities, with the effect being both exultation and informa More

Satire is amply found in Persian literature, including theosophical texts. Theosophy and satire have many philosophical-structural features in common; one is, they are both founded on the union of contradictory entities, with the effect being both exultation and information. The common aesthetic feature of satire and theosophy comprises the union of contradictory and opposing entities, the same union so commonly encountered in Rhetoric and especially in paradoxes. Here we will be trying to identify and investigate examples of contradiction in theosophical literature, using library -documentation method. Manuscript profile

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149 - Comparative Study of Genet Intertextuality with Islamic Rhetoric Theory in Nafi-e-Zahid-e Zaydari Nasavi
marjan kamyab somayeh mohamadi

According to intertextuality theory each text is affected by past texts and is inheritor of past legacy and tradition. Intertextuality studies the transformation, presence and cultural legacy of past texts in the innovation and the obvious and latent layers of texts and More

According to intertextuality theory each text is affected by past texts and is inheritor of past legacy and tradition. Intertextuality studies the transformation, presence and cultural legacy of past texts in the innovation and the obvious and latent layers of texts and reveals the identity of texts. The present studies tries to see the Gerard Genete’s  intertextual aspects in Nafsaghol Masdour based on Islamic rhetoric theory. According to Genete’s theory, types of manifest-latent, explicit-implicit intertextuality and their comparative aspects in Islamic rhetoric are studied in this work including: borrowing, quotation, inspiration and recreation, adaptation, allusion, translation, simile, plagiarism and transformation. Studying the use of previous texts based on Gentete’s theory and adapting it with Islamic rhetoric theory are the goals of this study. According to the present study the type of intertextuality with the highest frequency is obvious-intentional and adapting it with Islamic rhetoric becomes borrowing. After that implicit and latent-intentional intertextualities have the highest frequency respectively. The creativity of author in how to use previous texts and using intertextual elements and establishing novel and innovative links among previous texts and present text make the audience interested and satisfied Manuscript profile

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150 - Effect of Chilling, Temperatures and Light Treatments on Seed Germination of Some Weed Species
marziyeh mazhari Mahmoud Reza Tadayon Ali Tadayon

In order to evaluate the effect of chillingstratification, rotational temperature and rotational light periods on breaking dormancy and seed germination of Aegilops cylindrica, Agropyron repens,Bromus dantnoniae,Convolvulus arvensis, Setaria viridis, Centaurea cyanus an More

In order to evaluate the effect of chillingstratification, rotational temperature and rotational light periods on breaking dormancy and seed germination of Aegilops cylindrica, Agropyron repens,Bromus dantnoniae,Convolvulus arvensis, Setaria viridis, Centaurea cyanus and Cynodon dactylonan experiment was carried out in factorial arrangment and RCBD design at Shahrekord University. Treatments includedchillingstratification of -5, 0 and 5 °C for one, two and three weeks of rotational temperature (5-15 and 10-20 °C), in full light, dark and rotational light periods (8/16 h). The results showed chilling stratification was efffective breaking the seed dormancy of Aegilops cylindrical, Agropyron repens,Bromus dantoniae,Convolvula arvensis, Setaria viridis and rotational temperature and light broke the seed dormancy on Centurea cyanus, Cynodon dactylon and Convolvula arvensis Manuscript profile

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151 - بررسی و تحلیل تطبیقی کارکردهای آرایۀ تضاد(طباق) در بوستان سعدی و دیوان متنبّی
حسین گیاهی حمیدرضا سلیمانیان حسن دلبری

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152 - متناقض نمای عشق و عقل در اشعار عرفانی
مرضیه استاجی رضا اشرف زاده

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153 - سبک‌‌شناسی منظومه «حُسن و دل» و رساله «مونس‌‌العشاق» از منظر بینامتنیت ژنت
محمد شهبازی خدابخش اسداللهی

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154 - تحلیل کلّی ساختار رواییِ روساخت و ژرف‌ساخت داستانِ «داش‌آکل» صادق هدایت بر مبنای الگوی کنشگر گِرِماس
احمد حسین پورِ سرکاریزی

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155 - ارزیابی روایات ثواب سوگواری از منظر فقه شیعه
سید مسعود عمرانی

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156 - The effect of Teucrium Polium extract on life table of age-bisexual stage of Bemisia tabaci (Genn.) (Hom.Aleyrodidae) on two resistant and sensitive cultivars of Lycopersicon esculentum
Masoomeh Samareh Fekri mohammad Amin Samih

Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius.) (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) is one of the most important pests of crops, greenhouses, and ornamental plants. In this study, the sub-lethal effect of Teucrium polium(Lamark)(Lamiales:Lamiaceae) on parameters of life table age- bisexual stage of B More

Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius.) (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) is one of the most important pests of crops, greenhouses, and ornamental plants. In this study, the sub-lethal effect of Teucrium polium(Lamark)(Lamiales:Lamiaceae) on parameters of life table age- bisexual stage of B. tabaci (Gennadius.) was evaluated on the sensitive cultivar ( Ergon) and resistant cultivar (Cal-JN3) of Lycopersicon esculentum . 2-4 leaves seedlings of L. esculentum from sensitive and resistant cultivar were submerged in methanol extract of T. polium and water+ methanol (control) and were placed in cup cages. 30 imago insects of the same age were released in the cup cage and after 24 hours the imago insects were omitted and the eggs whose age was less than 24 hours were kept. The sexuality of the imago insects exiting these eggs exposed to the contaminated plant was determined and the rate of spawning of the female insect was daily recorded to the last day of its life. The experiment was investigated in a glass greenhouse and 27+ 2  temperature and relative moisture of 50 ± 5 and in lighting conditions of 16 hours of light and 8 hours of darkness. The results showed that there is a significant difference in the one percent level. The intrinsic value of population increase, reproduction gross rate, and reproduction net rate on the sensitive cultivar (Ergon) and resistant cultivar (cal-JN3) of the L. esculentum treated with T. polium L. was acquired 0.069, 31/43 and 11.03 and 0.061, 18.51 and 6.66 respectively.  Generally, in this study conjugate application of resistant plant cultivar and extract caused more loss and considerable reduction of the intrinsic rate of population increase comparing other treatments which subsequently lower the population of B. tabaci. So, the combined application of using resistant cultivar and the herbal extract is considerable in the population control of this pest. Manuscript profile

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157 - Explaining The Position 0f Women in the Marriage Narrations of Shahnameh Tahmaspi, Based on the Intertextual Analysis of Text and Image
Shohreh Doosti Farzaneh Farrokhfar Arman Yaghubpour

The aim of this study was to explain the position of women in the marriage narrations of Shahnameh Tahmaspi based on the intertextual analysis of text and images in Iran. The present study statistical universe included all the drawings of Tahmaspi Shahnameh. The sample More

The aim of this study was to explain the position of women in the marriage narrations of Shahnameh Tahmaspi based on the intertextual analysis of text and images in Iran. The present study statistical universe included all the drawings of Tahmaspi Shahnameh. The sample subsumed 29 images in all of which women have an important and key role. The research design was descriptive-analytical. The data collecting method was through library documentary, observation and reviewing the intertextual drawings and analyzing the visual elements in the selected works. Data were analyzed using interdisciplinary studies and content analysis methods. The results showed that the position of women in Shahnameh marriage narrations were rooted in the mythological beliefs of Iranians and in this regard, had a special validity. Due to the mythological structure of Ferdowsi's Shahnameh, fidelity and adherence to the principles of the original texts was quite clear. However, in the depiction of the paintings of Tahmaspi Shahnameh, there were obvious differences with the text, the source of which was the culture of the Safavid society and the beliefs of the patriarchal society of that period. Manuscript profile

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158 - مقایسه آبشویی خاک‌های شور و سدیمی به دو روش غرقابی دایم و متناوب در اراضی جنوب استان خوزستان
علی اکبر جلالی حسین سخایی راد

در این پژوهش، آزمایشهای آبشویی به دو روش غرقابی دایم و متناوب، در کرتهای آزمایشی در اراضی جنوب استان خوزستان اجرا شد. به ازای کاربرد روش متناوب، مقادیریکسان آب آبشویی، نتایج بسیار بهتری در روند شوریزدایی و سدیمزدایی نسبت به روش دایم نشان داد. در روش More

در این پژوهش، آزمایشهای آبشویی به دو روش غرقابی دایم و متناوب، در کرتهای آزمایشی در اراضی جنوب استان خوزستان اجرا شد. به ازای کاربرد روش متناوب، مقادیریکسان آب آبشویی، نتایج بسیار بهتری در روند شوریزدایی و سدیمزدایی نسبت به روش دایم نشان داد. در روش متناوب، بهکارگیری دورههای تناوب 5 و 8 روزه، جهت آبشویی اراضی منطقه، در عمق یک متری خاک، تفاوت چندانی با هم نداشتند. اگر چه روند تغییرات شوریزدایی و سدیمزدایی در طی مراحل آبشویی و به خصوص در مراحل اولیه آن تفاوت کمی نشان داد، ولی در نهایت، اثر هر دو تناوب مشابه بود. مقایسه نتایج شوریزدایی آزمونهای مزرعهای و مدلهای ارائه شده توسط سایر محققین نشان داد در بین مدلهای مورد بحث، تنها مدل دیلمان که یک رابطه نمایی و مبتنی بر روابط تجربی- نظری است، قادر بوده با دقت بهتری نسبت به سایر مدلها، نتایج حاصل از دادههای مزرعهای به هر دو روش آبشویی غرقابی دایم و متناوب را برآورد کند. این برآورد در روش متناوب، هم خوانی بیشتری با نتایج آزمونهای مزرعهای داشته است. هم چنین بررسی نتایج حاصل از ارقام سدیمزدایی خاکها نشان داد، به دلیل وجود منابع کافی کلسیم موجود در خاک، بعد از شسته شدن خاکهای شور و سدیمی، با مشکل سدیمی شدن خاکها مواجه نبوده و نیازی به استفاده از مواد اصلاحی در خاکهای مورد آزمون نمیباشد. Manuscript profile

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159 - مقایسه روش‏های مختلف آب شویی نمک های محلول از نیمرخ خاک های شور و سدیمی
زهرا بهبهانی زاده رضائیان ابراهیم پذیرا ابراهیم پناه پور نرگس ظهرابی

رشد روز افزون جمعیت سبب بهره&rlm;برداری بی&rlm;رویه از منابع طبیعی و تخریب اراضی شده است. شور و سدیمی شدن اراضی از اثرات این تخریب می&rlm; باشد. آبشویی نمک &rlm;های محلول خاک از مناسب&rlm; ترین روش &rlm;های اصلاح خاک&rlm; های شور و سدیمی است. به همین منظور در این پژوهش، More

رشد روز افزون جمعیت سبب بهره&rlm;برداری بی&rlm;رویه از منابع طبیعی و تخریب اراضی شده است. شور و سدیمی شدن اراضی از اثرات این تخریب می&rlm; باشد. آبشویی نمک &rlm;های محلول خاک از مناسب&rlm; ترین روش &rlm;های اصلاح خاک&rlm; های شور و سدیمی است. به همین منظور در این پژوهش، به بررسی روش &rlm;های مختلف برای آبشویی خاک&rlm; های شور و سدیمی منطقه ویس در استان خوزستان پرداخته شد. این منطقه به مساحت 6000 مترمربع در شمال شرقی شهر اهواز قرار دارد. بخش اعظمی از خاک این منطقه بافت رسی و سنگین دارد که در بیشتر آن&rlm;ها مشکل شوری و سدیمی بودن وجود دارد. کانال &rlm;های مورد استفاده به منظور آبیاری منطقه مذکور از رودخانه کارون انشعاب گرفته شده است. این پژوهش با دو روش آبشویی غرقاب متناوب و پاششی در ستون&rlm;هایی از جنس پلی اتیلن به قطر 15 سانتیمتر و ارتفاع یک متر خاک اجرا شد. عمق&rlm; های آب آبشویی کاربردی 25، 50 ، 75 و 100 سانتیمتر و لایه&rlm;های خاک مورد بررسی 0-25، 25-50، 50-75 و 75-100 سانتیمتر بوده است. با استفاده از نتایج حاصل، نوعی مدل تجربی برای هر روش آبشویی تعیین گردید. نتیجه انتخاب بهترین مدل بر مبنای ضریب همبستگی بالاتر و خطای استاندارد کمتر، مدل نمایی در روش آبشویی غرقاب متناوب بود. بررسی نتایج نشان داد که، روش آبشویی متناوب به حجم آب کمتری برای اصلاح خاک های مورد مطالعه نیاز دارد، همچنین ضریب راندمان آبشویی بهتری را ارائه می &rlm;نماید. Manuscript profile

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160 - Novin Insurance Company's product diversification strategies using product space theory
َAnvar khosravi

10.30495/imj.2023.1973174.1810

Insurance industry in iran is a competitive industry and is of particular importance for companies operating in this industry . one of the competitiveness strategies is diversifying the supply of insurance products . diversification of products is one of the main soluti More

Insurance industry in iran is a competitive industry and is of particular importance for companies operating in this industry . one of the competitiveness strategies is diversifying the supply of insurance products . diversification of products is one of the main solutions to increase income , profitability and reduce risk . the purpose of this paper is to identify the products that the new insurance company is exposed to comparative advantage or the relative advantage is hidden . the research is done using the mean of data related to the production right of each product during 2016 to 1398 but using the theory of product space and network science . the results of this study showed that the new insurance company has revealed relative advantage ( active ) among 16 insurance products examined in the supply of six products with obvious comparative advantage ( active ) , seven products have partial ( potentially active ) advantages and in supply of three inactive residual products and the probability of activation equal to zero . in the following , the sequence of seven crops with latent relative advantage was determined based on maximum , greedy , high and low grade strategies . finally Borda method were identified as the four strategy of combining and the activation sequence of products with the potential for activation of the new insurance company on the basis of this hybrid strategy of engineering , oil and energy , other aircraft , driver events and third parties . Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

161 - Examining Students' Views on the Use of Instagram and Written Text During the Corona
Negin Heidarizadeh

This study aims to investigate students' views on the use of Instagram during the Corona and as a platform for writing written text using qualitative research methods. In this study, 30 second semester English language students in the Islamic Azad University of Ahvaz ha More

This study aims to investigate students' views on the use of Instagram during the Corona and as a platform for writing written text using qualitative research methods. In this study, 30 second semester English language students in the Islamic Azad University of Ahvaz have been used. Students participated in the writing class and the survey technique was used with open questionnaire tools to collect data. The results show that almost all students have a positive view of Instagram as a platform for writing text. Participating students found that Instagram was a fun, easy, and effective way to write text. However, a number of students also cited barriers to its use, such as the slowness of the Internet and the issue of IT privacy. Therefore, it can be concluded that Instagram can be one of the useful educational media, especially for writing, provided it is used and monitored properly.Keywords: Instagram, written text, privacy, fun media, Corona era. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

162 - An analays of Image in Hosein Israfilis poem
maryam mahmoodi hasan ghorbani

Some poets have become famous more than others in the domain of the Holy Defense poetry, among whom Hossein Esrafili, as the completely competent poet in the Holy Defense poetry, could be named. He is one of the most active poets in the literature for endurance and resi More

Some poets have become famous more than others in the domain of the Holy Defense poetry, among whom Hossein Esrafili, as the completely competent poet in the Holy Defense poetry, could be named. He is one of the most active poets in the literature for endurance and resistance, but being active does not hinder his attention towards the literary and artistic structures of his poetry. Hence, it is tried in the present article to analyze the most important Esrafili literature techniques for creating poetic images in three books “Passing from the thunder”, “Birth in the square” and “ In the shadow of Zolfaqar (Imam Ali’s sword) [as his most important works]. Analyses indicate his usage of expressing techniques, particularly simile, metaphor and jest, as well as imageries including allegory and allusion.Some poets have become famous more than others in the domain of the Holy Defense poetry, among whom Hossein Esrafili, as the completely competent poet in the Holy Defense poetry, could be named. He is one of the most active poets in the literature for endurance and resistance, but being active does not hinder his attention towards the literary and artistic structures of his poetry. Hence, it is tried in the present article to analyze the most important Esrafili literature techniques for creating poetic images in three books “Passing from the thunder”, “Birth in the square” and “ In the shadow of Zolfaqar (Imam Ali’s sword) [as his most important works]. Analyses indicate his usage of expressing Manuscript profile

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163 - Transtextuality in Shamlou’s Poetry: An Innovative Approach to the Application of Themes, Archetypes, and Myths of Persian and Western Literature in "Roxana".
Seyed Reza Ebrahimi

Unlike his social poems which express the social and political concerns of the society, Ahmed Shamlou, in his emotional poetry, addresses his emotions and personal feelings. The influence and utilization of archetypes, common narratives, and myths of both Persian and wo More

Unlike his social poems which express the social and political concerns of the society, Ahmed Shamlou, in his emotional poetry, addresses his emotions and personal feelings. The influence and utilization of archetypes, common narratives, and myths of both Persian and world literature can be noticed in these poems, which primarily show the poet has been affected by the literary cannons of the East and the West. But, inspired by his modern attitude, de-familiarization, and the aptitude to create an overwhelming (unorthodox) space is one of his concerns that shows how the poet has been distracted from the traditional classical context of classical poetry by creating a new and innovative mindset and as well as new spaces and themes. In this essay, it has been tried to use the ideas of Gerard Genet regarding the transtextuality, a long poem by Shamlou named “Roxana” has been chosen and it has been investigated that how novel and innovative (unorthodox) space, structure and poetical concepts and themes created and have been used in expressing the feelings. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

164 - The application of love in the Quran and the ideas of Rumi and Hegel based on the intertextuality approach
Halima Dilaminejad Shams alhajeyeh ardalani Seyed ahmad hoseyni kazeroni

An analysis with the "intertextuality" approach examines the communication of a text with other texts. The main purpose of this research is to compare the application of love from the perspective of Rumi and Hegel based on the Qur'an. Love is a matter which philosophers More

An analysis with the "intertextuality" approach examines the communication of a text with other texts. The main purpose of this research is to compare the application of love from the perspective of Rumi and Hegel based on the Qur'an. Love is a matter which philosophers, mystics and scholars have long sought to understand and understand its nature, and is one of the most important issues that all mystics and philosophers have spoken about and talked about. They consider love as the basis of the universe, through which all creatures move from one to the highest in the movement and towards the root of love, the essence of God. Maulana and Hegel are two leading thinkers of two very different time frames that express the various aspects of love and play a central role in their works and writings. The main question of this essay is that what is most striking in terms of the love of Rumi's works and the works of Hegel? In this research with a descriptive-analytical approach, first, explain the love and then describe its examples, referring to the verses of the Quran, from Masnavi and Hegel's works. Finally, it was concluded that what is on the path to the knowledge and comprehension of the human soul by relying on pure love is the most important point in the opinion of these two thinkers. Manuscript profile

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165 - An Analysis of the Concept of the ‘Other’ in Attar’s The Conference of the Birds
narges salehi mohammad reza haji aqa babaei

Mantiq Al-Tayr (The Conference of the Birds) is among the seminal irfanic (mystic) works which can be analyzed based on Bakhtin’s theory of dialogism and the concept of the ‘other’. Attar seeks to establish the position of the birds as the ‘self& More

Mantiq Al-Tayr (The Conference of the Birds) is among the seminal irfanic (mystic) works which can be analyzed based on Bakhtin’s theory of dialogism and the concept of the ‘other’. Attar seeks to establish the position of the birds as the ‘self’ and that of Simorgh or the divine nature as the ‘other’. The journey of the birds toward the Simorgh is a progress toward realizing the value of their existence, and after their spiritual progress, the birds gain a proper understanding of their identity and position. From an irfanic point of view, the world is nothing but divine nature; therefore, considering the binary distinction of the ‘self’ and the ‘other’ is invalid in irfanic thought. According to such a viewpoint, there is no ‘self’, and if man holds such a notion, it is because of his belongings and dependencies in the material world, and what is considered as spiritual progress is the journey toward gaining a new sense of the ‘self’, and realizing that there is no self, and that whatever there is, is Him. Therefore, there is never a conversation between the ‘self’ and ‘other’, and the irfanic viewpoint is essentially non-polyphonic (monologic). What is recognized in irfan (mysticism) and what the aref (holder of true knowledge) seeks to attain through his spiritual progress is denial of the self and manifesting the divine. That is what is known as tawhid (oneness) in irfan. Manuscript profile

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166 - Intertextual relations between the anecdotes of Rumi in Masnavi in the first book with the texts of Persian poetry and prose (based on the theory of Gérard Genette)
siamak saadati

10.30495/farsij.2023.1911641.1392

Intertextuality examines the relationships between texts. Because in every text there are references to earlier works; In other words, new texts are the offspring of earlier texts. Hence, it can be said that there is no new and original text and every writer is inspired More

Intertextuality examines the relationships between texts. Because in every text there are references to earlier works; In other words, new texts are the offspring of earlier texts. Hence, it can be said that there is no new and original text and every writer is inspired to create his work from the works of his predecessors. In intertextuality, two texts are compared: a text below and a rough text. Gérard Genette has perfected the theory of intertextuality. Genette divides intertextuality into three categories, which can be examined in the form of: the explicit, implicit and implicit presence of one text in another. In this article, the author first explores the roots of Rumi's mystical anecdotes and thoughts in the first book of Masnavi in mystical, fictional, interpretive works, Poetry Courts and Persian historical books. Then he divides these anecdotes into three categories based on Genet's theory of intertextuality. At this stage, the following text of Masnavi is specified. This text below should have both chronological and historical precedence over other texts and should be most similar to Masnavi narration. This study shows that Rumi had read many Arabic historical, interpretive, fiction and mystical books before him and brought them to the margins of Masnavi. However, in all the cases studied, he has changed mystical thoughts and previous anecdotes to achieve his mystical, theological and moral goals. Manuscript profile

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167 - The study and analysis of Qur’anic intertextuality relations of Nasir Khusraw’s Diwan based on Genette's theory
sakineh pirak

10.30495/farsij.2022.1951411.1605

Intertextual analysis, which deals with the connection and interaction between texts and examines the similarities, differences, and influences of one text on other texts, has gained popularity in recent years in literary criticism and linguistics. According to this the More

Intertextual analysis, which deals with the connection and interaction between texts and examines the similarities, differences, and influences of one text on other texts, has gained popularity in recent years in literary criticism and linguistics. According to this theory, texts and their speakers are mutually impacted and profit from one another's literary and intellectual sources, whether consciously or subconsciously. This theory proposes that texts and their speakers are mutually impacted and benefit from each other's literary and intellectual sources, whether consciously or subconsciously. In the realm of Persian literature, the Qur'an is one of the hypotexts that has long served as a reference and inspiration for poets and writers with varying viewpoints on its formal and semantic aesthetics. They have utilized Quranic principles and teachings to enhance the veracity and depth of their words. One of these poets is Nasir Khusraw, whose hypotext of inspiration for his Diwan is the Holy Quran. Using a descriptive-analytical technique and quoting library sources, an effort was made to examine the dimensions impacted by Nasser Khosrow from Quranic verses based on Genette's intertextual theory. This research demonstrates that in Nasir Khusraw's Diwan, intertextual explicit and its branches (words, phrases, short sentences, extra and descriptive combinations) are the most prevalent of Genette's intertextual relationships. Words are the most often employed intertextual method in these poems, among the numerous branches of intertextual explicit. Implicit intertextuality frequently follows explicit intertextuality. Among the different branches of this intertextual, intertextuality thematic is increasingly diversified compared to other types. Manuscript profile

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168 - Analysis of the mystical intertextual relations of the republican order with book of orthography based on Gerard Genet's theory
Elham Ghanavati mohammad ghasemi Ahmad khatibi khiyali aliasgar halabi

10.30495/farsij.2022.1941337.1550

Intertextuality is the production of text through interaction with the texts of its predecessors or contemporaries, in which the participation of those texts in the text in question is explicit, implicit, and implicit from one text to another. Gerard Genet is one of the More

Intertextuality is the production of text through interaction with the texts of its predecessors or contemporaries, in which the participation of those texts in the text in question is explicit, implicit, and implicit from one text to another. Gerard Genet is one of the most prominent researchers in the field of intertextuality, focusing most of his studies on the nature of narrative discourse. With this view, Suhrawardi's encyclopedias have been evaluated in the position of pre-text and the order of the Republic of Sheikh Kharghani as post-text. In this study, it is shown that Sheikh Kharghani has been influenced by the encyclopedias and most of the intertextuality in the Republic's order has been done implicitly (borrowing and inspiration) and sometimes Kharghani has an implicit view of the encyclopedias. The present article concludes that Sheikh Kharghani is in a mystical-intellectual atmosphere similar to Suhrawardi, and this closeness has led to the creation of commonalities and conceptual similarities in the work. In this research, intertextuality has been studied in the republican order and after studying the theoretical foundations, it has been adapted to Suhrawardi's encyclopedias. The result presented in a library method and in an analytical-descriptive way proves the intertextuality in the work. Manuscript profile

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169 - Intertextual analysis in the stories of Azadaran Bil and Tatar Khandan by Gholamhossein Saedi with an emphasis on Bakhtin's dialogue and polyphony
nemat mansoori Badrieh Ghavami Reza Borzoiy Jamal Adhami

10.30495/farsij.2022.1963241.1636

The present study investigates the intertextuality in the stories of Azadaran Beil and Tatar Khandan by Gholam Hossein Saedi based on the theory of Mikhail Bakhtin. What is referred to as intertextuality today is a term that can be called discourse between texts. Intert More

The present study investigates the intertextuality in the stories of Azadaran Beil and Tatar Khandan by Gholam Hossein Saedi based on the theory of Mikhail Bakhtin. What is referred to as intertextuality today is a term that can be called discourse between texts. Intertextuality is the study of the discourse of texts in literary and cultural works of the world. Before Ferdinand de Saussure's theories, everyone believed in the independence of texts, but Saussure's theories lack the validity of these theories. Based on this theory, Bakhtin believes that texts and their speakers consciously or unconsciously benefit from each other's intellectual and literary sources. The authors of this article intend to analyze these two works with the method of content analysis and with the aim of knowing more about the works of this author based on Bakhtin's theory and with the library method; The findings of the research show that the author was influenced by the Quran and Islamic beliefs and also mentioned some popular beliefs during the stories. The expression of proverbs and myths, irony and bringing part of prayers and supplications are other indicators of these works. Saedi has sometimes mentioned other stories in his works, and in terms of content and theme, he has been influenced by Sadiq Hedayat's Buf Kor and Kafka's Metamorphosis. Manuscript profile

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170 - Ghazali's social semiotics by Khajoo Kermani based on Chandler's theory
Farzane vadieh Farhad Tahmasbi Sareh Zirak

10.30495/farsij.2022.1917114.1420

Ghazali's social semiotics by Khajoo Kermani based on Chandler's theorySocial semiotics, as a way of reading literary texts, enters into the function of sign processing processes and how they are created. In this way, both the author and the reader, based on their menta More

Ghazali's social semiotics by Khajoo Kermani based on Chandler's theorySocial semiotics, as a way of reading literary texts, enters into the function of sign processing processes and how they are created. In this way, both the author and the reader, based on their mental reservations and life experiences, are involved in the processes of meaning creation. In this study, a sonnet of Khajoo Kermani with a social semiotics approach and a descriptive-analytic approach has been investigated. The theoretical approach used is based on Daniel Chandler's theories, which analyze the interplay of social and textual and interpretive codes present in the sonnet. The context of the function of social codes in this sonnet is the aesthetic codes of the number of textual codes, in which Khajoo, by summoning different discourses, also interprets the interpretive codes in the semantic processes. What is important as the outcome and outcome of such research is the acquisition of a strategic approach to reading texts in which one can focus on the processes of sign processing and how meaning is created. Missing and silent texts. Manuscript profile

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171 - The Presence of Angels in Hafez & Imam Khomeini Poetry with the Approach of Quranic Intertextuality
Sayyed Hossein Mousavi shamsalhajeyah Ardalani Sayyed Jafar Hamidi

10.30495/farsij.2023.1965295.1646

Angels are inconspicuous beings that god created them to serve through his orders. On the other hand, it is intertextuality which is the method of text convergence, based on impressionability from previous texts and the influence on later texts. The current research is More

Angels are inconspicuous beings that god created them to serve through his orders. On the other hand, it is intertextuality which is the method of text convergence, based on impressionability from previous texts and the influence on later texts. The current research is qualitative research with the descriptive-analytical method based on library resources and with the aim of investigating the role of angels in the poetry of Hafez of Shiraz and Imam Khomeini, it has been compiled based on Quranic intertextuality. Both Hafez and Imam Khomeini had mystical tendencies and regarding the fact that they had complete familiariaty with the word of God, therefore the dominant theme of their poems is based on mysticism. Angels as executors of God's orders, which mostly have a formative identity, are well considered by Hafez and Imam Khomeini. They pointed to a wide range of angel's activities; both aspects of mercy and wrath and also in between which depend on reaction to human behavior, were regarded. Manuscript profile

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172 - Effect of Quran and other former texts on Mathnavi Taghdis and Mathnavi Maanavi based on theory of Genette's Periphertextuality
Ramin khosravi Iqbal MirJalaluddin kazazi Farhad tahmasbi

Mathnavi Taghdis written by Mullah Ahmad Naraghi has imitated Mathnavi Maanavi and abundant subjects have been studied and analyzed from the mystical and religious viewpoints similar to Molana's Mathnavi. In this paper, the effect of Quranic stories and other former tex More

Mathnavi Taghdis written by Mullah Ahmad Naraghi has imitated Mathnavi Maanavi and abundant subjects have been studied and analyzed from the mystical and religious viewpoints similar to Molana's Mathnavi. In this paper, the effect of Quranic stories and other former texts on Mathnavi Taghdis and Mathnavi Maanavi has been analyzed based on Genette’s Periphertextuality theory. Findings of this paper show that Mowlana and Naraghi have utilized Quranic stories, folklore culture, former mystical texts etc. Explaining the form and thought of their narrations, this paper investigates the abovementioned narratives. Therefore, their work is result of intertextual relation in which they have established with other texts according to Genette. Manuscript profile

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173 - The Effectiveness of the Inductive and Deductive Methods in Teaching Persion Grammar to L.1 high School Students from Shiraz
ahmad parsa

This is a research on the effectiveness of the two methods of teaching, namely inductive and deductive ways, In the process of teaching Persian grammar to L1 high school learners in Shiraz. The aim of this research was to answer to the following questions: is there any More

This is a research on the effectiveness of the two methods of teaching, namely inductive and deductive ways, In the process of teaching Persian grammar to L1 high school learners in Shiraz. The aim of this research was to answer to the following questions: is there any significant difference between the inductive method of teaching Persian grammar and teaching it in deductive way?In this respect fifty one students from valise night high school were randomly selected the were divided in to two groups and were taught person grammar for one semester, At the end of the semester all of the students were evaluated by a teacher – made test containing forty items. The test had been certified by five teachers in teaching Person in other high schools. Then T.test and Pearson product – moment correlations were conducted on the data. The research methodology was quasi – experimental. Manuscript profile

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174 - A Comparison of the Intertextuality of the Qur'anic Poems of abu al-atahiah and the Molavi About the ways toAscetic
Mohamadjavad koochakyazdi ali nabiolahi

  One of the literary treasures is poetry, meanwhile, many muslim poets are influenced by the Holy quran, and in their poems they have published the teachings, a comparative study of some of these poets In order to understand their views and the quality of the qura More

  One of the literary treasures is poetry, meanwhile, many muslim poets are influenced by the Holy quran, and in their poems they have published the teachings, a comparative study of some of these poets In order to understand their views and the quality of the quran's impact on them about strategies for achieving ascetic the purpose of this article is.To do this two Muslim poets namely, Abu al- atahiah as an Arabic-language poet and mawlawi was chosen as a persian poet. At first, ascetic's poems of abu al-atahiah and Molavi were identified Then, using the content analysis method and the term and identifying the verse the poet has chosen the relationship between poetry and the Qur'an was explained, this work was done in three forms of partial negation, general negation and parallel negation based on Kristeva's view. The results of this study showed that the views of these two poets on the ways of achieving asceticism are very broad Things like: Fighting the air of self, emphasizing resurrection, remembering God's constant supervision, and paying attention to the end of the world; among these are the results It is also possible to say the poems of Abu al-atahiah with an ascetic approach is and Multidimensional Molavi Poems and it is mystical. Manuscript profile

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175 - hypertextualite of Abu al-Atahiyyah's poems with Parvin Etesami
Dr.ali nabiolahi Dr.Mohamadjavad koochakyazdi

  The Qur'an is the best guide and morality is the most important issue in human life and the study of morality in the Qur'an is of special importance. The language of poetry is very expressive and one of the cultural characteristics, so moral Quranic poems are ver More

  The Qur'an is the best guide and morality is the most important issue in human life and the study of morality in the Qur'an is of special importance. The language of poetry is very expressive and one of the cultural characteristics, so moral Quranic poems are very important. from the point of view of intertextuality, it is the point of view of genette, that hypertextuality one of the subsets of his theory. The research method is vocabulary analysis. a genettes intertextuality approach was discussed. The statistical population is the court of Etesami and Abu al-Atahiyah. Two poets have used the Qur'an extensively. According to the division of moral issues into general ethics, slavery ethics, individual, social and environmental, The results are: in general ethics; The compatibility of man's reward with his deeds, the fact that the world is organic for the Hereafter and not its originality, In the ethics of servitude; Always knowing oneself in the presence of God and always being satisfied with the divine judgment and in individual morality, having the queen of patience in life and learning lessons from the past In the ethics of servitude; Always knowing oneself in the And pay attention to the turn of time for everyone. Manuscript profile

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176 - Educational and moral teachings of tebbol qoloob Mohammad Naqshbandi and Kimia Sa'adat, Imam Mohammad Ghazali, based on the intertextuality approach
golamreza hatefimajomerd Mansoor Dehghan manshadi Abdolah Moradi

An analysis with the "intertextuality" approach examines the communication of a text with other texts. The main purpose of this study is to compare the moral teachings of Kimia Sa'adat and tebbol qoloob . Ethics is an important part of teaching literature in Persian lit More

An analysis with the "intertextuality" approach examines the communication of a text with other texts. The main purpose of this study is to compare the moral teachings of Kimia Sa'adat and tebbol qoloob . Ethics is an important part of teaching literature in Persian literature. In Persian, such works as Kimia Sa'adat   and tebbol qoloob have been created with the theme of educational literature, full of moral teachings. In examining some of the virtues and moral vices of these two books, we find that the moral teachings in these two works are well-presented and impressive. Ghazali and Naqshband in their works will give their moral messages to humankind. The man of the present age, the controller and the deterrent of the fall in the corruption of the past, needs more than ever before. Consequently, the contemporary world's need for ethics is critical to the emergence of existing moral corruption. Accordingly, by recognizing the virtues and moral vices of these two writers, they can be seen in their worldview and by contemplating their thoughts in the way of the knowledge of morality and introducing their moral messages in order to apply them in life Individual and social way to save humanity from the ruin and corruption of the current world, the author has analyzed and analyzed the descriptive-analytical approach using the library method of the present article in the form of scientific-research paper. Manuscript profile

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177 - Comparative study of the three axes of Gerard Genet intertextuality with the theory of Islamic rhetoric in the gardens of lights by Mohammad Sadegh Ghomshami
Mahin Farahmand Seyyed Mahmoud Seyed Sadeghi Shams Al-Hajiyeh Ahmadi roknabadi

 Intertextual links are one of the new approaches in the reading and critique of texts in the theory of genetic transmutation. According to this approach, no text is independent of other texts and each text is an intertext derived from previous texts that will be p More

 Intertextual links are one of the new approaches in the reading and critique of texts in the theory of genetic transmutation. According to this approach, no text is independent of other texts and each text is an intertext derived from previous texts that will be present in later texts. Gerard Genet, one of the theorists in the field of intertextual links, formulated his theory of transtextuality in five axes, one of which is the intertextuality axis. He has divided intertextuality into three types: intertextual connection, explicit-intentional, covert-intentional and implicit, and has also defined and limited the conceptual scope of each of these interpretations. Relying on a descriptive-analytical method, this study comparatively examines the intertextual aspects of genet with the theory of Islamic rhetoric in the treatise of Hadayegh Al-Anwar by Mohammad Sadegh Qomshami. Accordingly, the types of explicit-intentional, covert-intentional and implicit intertextuals and their comparative aspects in Islamic rhetoric, including proverbs, allusions, adaptations, allegories, allusions, guarantees, resolutions and contracts, are examined in this text. One of the objectives of this research is to study the use of previous texts based on the theory of genet and their adaptation to the theory of Islamic rhetoric. The result of the research indicates that the most common type of intertextuality is implicit intertextuality and in accordance with Islamic rhetoric, it is a kind of allusion. After that, hidden-intentional intertextuality has the highest frequency. Qomshami art in how to use the previous texts and use the intertextual element and create an original and innovative connection between the previous texts and the present text has artistically attracted and convinced the audience. Manuscript profile

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178 - Comparative comparison of the intertextuality types of Gerard Genet with the theory of Islamic rhetoric in the sixteenth and seventeenth chapters of the principles of chapters in obtaining
Saeed Abedini Dr. Azizollah Tavakoli Kafi Abad Dr mahmoud sadeghzadeh

 Today, the link between comparative literature and intertextuality is a new achievement that makes it easy to analyze the work within its patterns and methods. One of the most important elements of analysis in the field of comparative literature is the study of si More

 Today, the link between comparative literature and intertextuality is a new achievement that makes it easy to analyze the work within its patterns and methods. One of the most important elements of analysis in the field of comparative literature is the study of similarities and the effect of works on each other and how to realize or convey a subject and theme; Existence is constructed and then acquires that discourse and even changes the meaning of the central text. In the present paper, relying on the descriptive-analytical method, we make a comparative study of the intertextual aspects of genetics with the theory of Islamic rhetoric in the principles of chapters. Accordingly, the types of overt-intentional, intentional, covert, intentional and implicit intertextuals and their adaptive aspects in Islamic rhetoric, including guarantee, allegory, proverbial transmission, adaptation, contract, allusion, dissolution and implication, are examined in this work. One of the objectives of this study is to evaluate the use of previous texts based on the theory of genetics and their adaptation to the theory of Islamic rhetoric. According to the present study, the most diverse type of intertextuality is implicit intertextuality and adaptation in accordance with Islamic rhetoric. Therefore, they have the most abundant intertextual intertextuality, respectively. Hedayat's creativity in how to use the previous texts and use the intertextual element and create an innovative and creative connection between the previous texts and the present text in an artistic way will attract and convince the audience. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

179 - Literary comparison of the element of affection in the poems of Mutanabi and Abu Faras Hamadani about the court of Saif al-Dawlah
raygan mahasti Majed Najarian Ali Nazari

10.30495/rpcl.2023.708767

Mutanabi and Abu Faras are among the poets of Saif al-Dawlah's court, whose poetry has been different in various poetic purposes, especially in elegies, due to several factors; In his praises for various poetic purposes, Mutanabi has also praised himself many times, whi More

Mutanabi and Abu Faras are among the poets of Saif al-Dawlah's court, whose poetry has been different in various poetic purposes, especially in elegies, due to several factors; In his praises for various poetic purposes, Mutanabi has also praised himself many times, while praising Mamduh's generosity and generosity, bravery and skill; But in the laments, especially the laments of Khola, Saif al-Dawlah's older sister, the poet shared Saif al-Dawlah's grief over the loss of his sister and became sad and shed tears. He has also mentioned all his good qualities and morals, which indicate his high status, value, knowledge and politeness. Then he described the king as high-minded and absolved him from all the useless actions that others engage in. In this ode, the poet has taken refuge more in his feelings and emotions than his art and intellect. Abu Faras, in his Rumiat, took refuge in conscientious poems and showed a painful emotion in his poem so that the listener does not feel weak or reluctant while listening to it. In this research, which was carried out by a descriptive-analytical method, based on a library study, the author tries to answer the question of which of the poetic purposes of these two poets contains emotion while examining the element of emotion in the poems of Mutanabi and Abu Faras? And what is the difference and similarity between these two poets in expressing the element of emotion? Manuscript profile

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180 - From Persepolis to Naqsh-e Rostam: An Archaeological Survey on the Nature of Site's Element in the Story of “Atash Parast”
Fatemeh Johari Najmeh Dorri

 This is the retrieval of the other texts' presence and regenerating them in the narrative texts that enriches the process of reading as well as evaluation of any substantial work. On the other hand, assuming archaeology and its evidences as yet another textual sou More

 This is the retrieval of the other texts' presence and regenerating them in the narrative texts that enriches the process of reading as well as evaluation of any substantial work. On the other hand, assuming archaeology and its evidences as yet another textual source, the question arises that, how was the interplay between the narrative texts and archaeological evidences, as two influential and important texts, during their natural development process in Iranian society?Preliminary studies indicate that the issue had become increasingly apparent in the works of celebrated authors such as Sadegh Hedayat — due to their relatively extensive studies in different fields of historical geography, their historical approach, as well as their inherent propensity in discerning archaisms and “epochs” in their works. Furthermore, among his oeuvre, “Atash Parast” is the one that provides the ground for a comparative-intertextual reading, by establishing the connection between the narratives of the story and the most prominent elements of the Iranian archaeology. Accordingly, the present study explains the reasoning behind the relocation of the fabled place-in-question by comparing subsequent text (“Atash Parast”) with the former text (the travelogue of Eugène Flandin), using the principles of comparative and intertextual criticism to prove the hypothesis behind its intentional relocation from Persepolis to Naqsh-e Rostam. Moreover, the mentioned relocation has caused the elements of the original discourse to be separated from their context, placed in another context and provide more substantial archaeological ground for the intertextual reading of the work-in-question.  Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

181 - Text as Cultural Material: Recognition of Cultural and Social Conditions of the Constitutional Period Based on Molla Nasreddin Cartoons Weekly Magazine
Vahid Shahsavarani Mohammad Mortezaei

The historical texts are important for archaeologists in some aspects. First, the written texts and the second the study of them in an archaeological context besides other materials close to it. In fact, the importance of context lies in cultural material (here text) be More

The historical texts are important for archaeologists in some aspects. First, the written texts and the second the study of them in an archaeological context besides other materials close to it. In fact, the importance of context lies in cultural material (here text) being evaluated in a social and historical basis. The historical texts are considered as a form of material instance and other facts that are of importance for archaeologists. The present paper goal is to recognize Cultural/ social behavior of constitutional period in this way. In this paper, the main discussion is on Molla Nasraddin weekly magazine that is studied besides other materials of political/social context of the period (the photographs of this historical context). Among the other magazines, newspapers and journals of that time, Molla Nasraddin weekly magazine, started in 1906 in Tbilisi, has looked into cultural, social and religious situation of that time with irony within its caricatures. In this paper, from the first 100 issues, 50 issues are chosen interlaced with a context approach and recognizing the text as a material to study the cultural and social features of constitutional period, and finally also with the preparation of statistical data derived from the cartoons of the weekly, we have done a sociocultural review of constitutional period. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

182 - The effect of liquidity and diversification on choosing the optimal investment portfolio
ABBAS KHADEMPOUR ARANI Mehdi Madani Zaj AmirReza Keyqobadi QolamReza Zomorodian

Examining the results in the case where there is a liquidity cost and a diversification index in the model, shows that the industries that have more stability in their stock prices over time have more weight in the optimal portfolio. In addition, performing statistical More

Examining the results in the case where there is a liquidity cost and a diversification index in the model, shows that the industries that have more stability in their stock prices over time have more weight in the optimal portfolio. In addition, performing statistical analysis with total index return data in this case does not show the existence of a significant relationship between the average portfolio return data and the average return of the total index .By removing the cost of liquidity from the model, the examination of the output data shows that the average weight share of the petroleum products industry and the metal ore industry increases compared to the previous state, which means that these two industries are less liquid; Meanwhile, the average return and value at risk of the portfolio increases in this case. Performing statistical analysis with total index return data in this case shows a significant relationship between the average return of the portfolio and the average return of the total index. In the case of removing the diversification limit from the model, the results of the research in this case show that the average weight of the selected industries in the optimal portfolio changes, but this change is not very noticeable, and the result is that this limitation can be ignored in the model; In addition, performing statistical analysis with total index return data shows a significant relationship between the average portfolio data in this case and the average index return. Manuscript profile

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183 - Variety of Talent and Employability : The Analyzing the mediating role of Intelligent Education
Reza Sepahvand Razieh Bagherzadeh Khodashahri

Given the pervasiveness of the world of temporary jobs, employability is considered to be the most important factor affecting one's success in a disordered work environment. Job uncertainty in a highly changing future world, the need to variety of talent developing that More

Given the pervasiveness of the world of temporary jobs, employability is considered to be the most important factor affecting one's success in a disordered work environment. Job uncertainty in a highly changing future world, the need to variety of talent developing that are aligned with the strategy of intelligent education and appropriate training in realizing one's abilities in the career which can increase employability. In this present study we attempt to investigate the mediating role of intelligent education in the impact of variety of talent on employability. The method of this research for achieving mentioned aim is practical and the data collection method is descriptive and correlational. The research population was all Mapna active project engineers (417 people) that were chosen as sample (200 people) by simple random sampling method and by Corcoran formula. Data gathering tools were Employability questionnaire of De Vos & Soens (2008) and Variety of Talent and Intelligent Education by Self Made questionnaire that the validity evaluated by expert opinion and reliability evaluated by CR and Cronbach's alpha. The statistical research results have been studied using Smart PLS 3 and SPSS 20. The research findings indicate that intelligent education has a mediating role in the impact of variety of talent and employability. Manuscript profile

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184 - The Intertextual Reading of Lalehzar Context Based on Event-Space Concept for Improving Its Spatial Quality
Mohammadreza Jasbi fatemeh amirian Bahman Namvarmotlagh

The Intertextual Reading of Lalehzar Context Based on Event-Space Concept for Improving Its Spatial QualityAbstract: As valuable traditional pieces of the past, historical and cultural contexts are indispensable parts of any society, highlighting the importance of their More

The Intertextual Reading of Lalehzar Context Based on Event-Space Concept for Improving Its Spatial QualityAbstract: As valuable traditional pieces of the past, historical and cultural contexts are indispensable parts of any society, highlighting the importance of their preservation and restoration. Generally, historic sites carry the bio-codes of generations who left their distinct traces at a point in time. Without a shadow of a doubt, these unique footprints shape the cultural capital of any nation, including memories and mental images of citizens, leading to the basis of their identity. This article aimed to determine the most influential factors in improving the spatial quality of valuable urban context based on the concept of “event-space” through an intertextual reading. The selected area in this study was the Lalehzar context, one of Tehran's oldest historical and cultural streets. Reminiscing with vivid memories from the past citizens, Lalehzar street was a representation of modern life. This is why it consists of a significant number of cinemas, hotels, cafes, boutiques, and markets as modern functional representations, being an appropriate container for various social-cultural events and modern behavior. However, during the last seven decades, this area has lost its identity because of the city development and its negative consequences. Unfortunately, a large part of this historic district has been damaged due to the absence of social and cultural activities and an unfit neighborhood. Many symbolic spaces in Lalehzar have been destroyed or are on the verge of destruction. The place is now mainly used for everyday activities, entirely in contradiction with the physical body of the street in the form of electronics stores, resulting in intensified visual pollution. Given its rich history in Tehran and its exceptional location neighboring Baharestan Square and Toopkhaneh Square, Lalehzar Street has a brilliant capacity to accept new uses befitting its cultural and historical status. In doing so, the spatial quality and its improvement as an area of theoretical study in contemporary architecture were put into consideration, and the research and views of experts like Bentley, Rogers, Bell, and Golkar have been compared and analyzed. Some architects and urban designers believe that current factors are insufficient for the quality improvement of valuable contexts. Considering that the history and backgrounds of buildings are crucial in urban design and quality improvement, the intertextual approach was chosen to reinforce available potential and eliminate disharmonious parts. Intertextuality refers to the various relationships of texts, and intertextual reading allows studying different layers of a text and utilizing hermeneutics, the science of interpretation and change. Meanwhile, what is so important about this area was the events that took place here granted a lively atmosphere, almost equal to its physical representations and history that the built environment historians usually pay attention to. Accordingly, the purpose of this study was to find the hidden dimensions of the effects of event space on spatial quality in Lalehzar through intertextual reading. The main research question was posed as follows: How can we determine the reliable and influential factors in spatial design quality improvement in valuable contexts through intertextual reading? In this qualitative interpretive research, the views of experts in event-space and spatial quality were first studied. To collect the data, in addition to the library resources and documentary research, interviews were conducted with the space users and audiences, whether at the buildings or in their neighborhood. To narrow down the study for accurate results, five landmark event spaces (Grand Hotel, Nasr Theater, Pars Theater, Pars Café, and Alborz Cinema) were selected through purposeful sampling, and they were studied and analyzed over two years. The data were coded via interpretive and content analysis, and eventually, SPSS and MAXQDA were used to analyze the extracting data. The former was used for quantities analysis resulting in a diagram of crucial factors for improving the quality of space based on the theorists’ writings, while the latter was used for creating some graphical coding diagrams for both the conducted research and interviews. The study’s results indicated that space perception, attachment to the natural flow of life (proportion, order, dynamicity), and spatial formation (variety and hierarchy) were the most influential factors in improving the quality of valuable contexts.Keywords: Intertextual Reading; Event-Space; Space quality enhancement; Lalezar; Valuable historical context. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

185 - Comparison Appropriateness of Teaching Hours of Main and Specialized Subjects of Management Field and Educational Programming From the Educated ones’ Viewpoint (Schools’ Principals and Assistants) and Knowledgeable Professors of Higher Education
Reza Mahmoudi Shahrbanoo Rabeie

This research is a descriptive comparative one, which compare opinions of two groups of the graduated (schools principals and assistants) and knowledgeable professors in management field and educational programming about efficiency and appropriateness of hours that subj More

This research is a descriptive comparative one, which compare opinions of two groups of the graduated (schools principals and assistants) and knowledgeable professors in management field and educational programming about efficiency and appropriateness of hours that subjects are instructed. The studied society includes all graduates of the mentioned field of study employed as school principals and knowledgeable professors in Tehran province in 2009. Using random sampling method, half of the graduates with a sample volume of 53 persons as well as 30 knowledgeable professors in the aforesaid field of study who were available were considered as samples.This is a scanning and sectional research that is accounted in applicable studies. Data gathering was done by a questionnaire. For determination of anecdotal, judges agreement, content anecdotal and opinions of mastered experts and professors of education and research supervisor, were used. Since all of the main and specialized subjects are separated from each other’s, reliability coefficient was not determined. Research population includes 53 of the graduated (principals and assistants) and 30of the knowledgeable professors of the above-mentioned subject. Sample selection was done by randomized sampling. About appropriateness of main and specialized subjects’ hours, the knowledgeable professors wish increase of hour’s .According to the results, review of curriculum in this field of study is necessary Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

186 - The Effect of Using Audio Texts on Iranian EFL Learners’ Listening Comprehension Ability
Ramin Rahimy Seyedeh Masoomeh Asaei

       The present study aimed to investigate the effect of using audio texts as a classroom activity in teaching English speaking skill on Iranian EFL learners’ speaking ability. The questions this study tried to answer were 1) wheth More

       The present study aimed to investigate the effect of using audio texts as a classroom activity in teaching English speaking skill on Iranian EFL learners’ speaking ability. The questions this study tried to answer were 1) whether using audio texts might enhance a more acceptable speaking performance in Iranian learners of English at university level, and 2) whether there was a difference between the means of the experimental (treated) group and the control (placebo) group of the study. To answer the questions, 60 junior undergraduate translator trainees participated in the experiment of the study. They were randomly selected from among a population of translator trainees via an OPT test score of at least one standard deviation below the mean. They were then divided into two groups of 30 and were randomly assigned to an experimental and a control group. A pretest of English speaking was administered to both groups, then, they were taught speaking for 10 sessions but with different methodologies: the experimental group received a treatment of audio texts while the control group received a placebo. A posttest of speaking was then administered to both groups. The data of the study were analysed using the t-test to indicate the groups mean difference, and the degree of progress from the pretest to the posttest of the study in the experimental group was indicated by calculating the ANCOVA coefficient. The results indicated that the Iranian EFL learners in the experimental group received higher speaking score after being treated with 10 sessions of audio texts. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

187 - Impact of some Environmental Factors on Germination and Emergence Characteristics of Black Henbane (Hyoscyamus niger), Ground Cherry (Physalis divaricata) and Curly Dock (Rumex crispus)
رضا Gorbani E. ZeidAli M. Hoseaini

To understand germination and emergence characteristics of black henbane, ground cherry and curly dock a laboratory experiment, based on randomized complete block design with four replications, was carried out at the Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashha More

To understand germination and emergence characteristics of black henbane, ground cherry and curly dock a laboratory experiment, based on randomized complete block design with four replications, was carried out at the Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad in 2012. Treatments were temperature ranges (5/15, 10/20, 15/25, 15/30 and 20/35 ° C night / day) and different levels of salinity (0, 10, 20, 40, 80, 160 and 320 mM of NaCl). The effect of pH adjusted to 5-9 by using acid buffer solution. Seeds were planted at different depth (0, 1, 2, 3 and 4 cm) to study their effects on seedling emergence. Results showed that black henbane exhibited highest germination percentage at 25/15 diurnal tempratures, with 86.50 and 60.50 respectivly for daylight and complete darkness. Germination of ground cherry was highest (93%) at 10/20 diurnal temprature and 41% in complete darkness. Highest germination percentage for curly dock at diurnal temperatures of 20/10, 25/15 and 30/20 with light / dark regime of constant darkness was abserved. The seeds at diurnal temprature of 35/25 in both light regimes did not germinate. Increasing salinity reduced germination. Increasing the osmotic potential, also reduced germination significantly. Highest germination percentage of black henbane (97%) was observed at pH 7, and lowest germination (17%) at pH 9. Increasing planting depth reduced seedling emergence significantly. Germination percentages of ground cherry and curly dock at pH 6 and 7 were highest (97% and 96% respectively) and lowest 26 and 25 % respectively at pH 9. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

188 - ساختار موضوعی درسه نوع نگارش(استدلالی- علت و معلولی و فرایندی) دانشجویان کارشناسی ارشد رشته آموزش زبان انگلیسی
سعیده آهنگری

ساختار موضوعی به عنوان یکی از ویژگیهای فرا نقش متنی در ارتقا انسجام متنی سهم بسزا یی دارد. در این تحقیق هدف نشان دادن رابطه بین موضوع و خبر و تجزیه و تحلیل انواع موضوع بر ا ساس تئوری زبانشناسی نقش گرای نظام مند هالیدی (1994) می باشد. برای رسیدن به این هدف محقق ابتدا سی More

ساختار موضوعی به عنوان یکی از ویژگیهای فرا نقش متنی در ارتقا انسجام متنی سهم بسزا یی دارد. در این تحقیق هدف نشان دادن رابطه بین موضوع و خبر و تجزیه و تحلیل انواع موضوع بر ا ساس تئوری زبانشناسی نقش گرای نظام مند هالیدی (1994) می باشد. برای رسیدن به این هدف محقق ابتدا سی تن از دانشجویان ارشد رشته اموزش زبان انگلیسی رابعد از گرفتن امتحان تافل به عنوان شرکت کنندگان این تحقیق انتخاب کرد. سپس از هر یک از این شرکت کنندگان در خواست گردید انشا یی از نوع  استدلالی ، علت و معلولی  و فرایندی بنویسند. در انشاهای گرداوری شده، محقق انواع موضوع،و مسائل گسترش موضوعی (Thematic Organization) و تفاوت های مو جود  در انها را بررسی کرده  و بسامد استفاده از هریک از انواع موضوع ( اندیشه پردازی ، بین شخصی و متنی )را در هر یک از این نوشته ها تعیین کرده و با هم مقایسه کرد. نتایج این تحقیق تفاوتهایی را در هر یک از این سه نوع نوشتار از نظر میزان استفاده از هر یک از انواع موضوع نشان داد.  یافته های این تحقیق کار بردهایی برای دانشجویان زبان انگلیسی و معلمان انها دارد تا با اگاه شدن از ساختار موضوعی نوشته های انگلیسی زبان، انسجام متنی را در نوشته هایشان بهبود بخشند. Manuscript profile

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189 - بررسی مقابله ای تاثیر ارئه واژگان متضاد و توصیفی در توضیحات جداگانه داخل متن بر خواندن و درک مطلب زبان آموزان زبان انگلیس
هانیه قاسمی مونا خبیری

10.30495/jal.2019.664539

تحقیق فوق جهت بررسی مقابله ای تأثیر ارایه واژگان مخالف و توصیفات در توضیحات جداگانه داخل متن بر روی درک مطلب زبان آموزان ایرانی می باشد. این تحقیق در طول یک ترم از سال تحصیلی انجام شده است. جهت انجام دادن این تحقیق 60 دانش آموز متوسط مونث با میانگین سنی بین 18و 19 سال ا More

تحقیق فوق جهت بررسی مقابله ای تأثیر ارایه واژگان مخالف و توصیفات در توضیحات جداگانه داخل متن بر روی درک مطلب زبان آموزان ایرانی می باشد. این تحقیق در طول یک ترم از سال تحصیلی انجام شده است. جهت انجام دادن این تحقیق 60 دانش آموز متوسط مونث با میانگین سنی بین 18و 19 سال از میان 90 دانش آموزی که عملکرد آنها از طریق آزمون آزمایشی پت بدست آمده بود انتخاب شدند. این 60 شرکت کننده به دو گروه 30 نفره با واژگان متضاد داخل متن و 30 نفره با واژگان توصیفی داخل متن تقسیم شدند. در طول فرایند این تحقیق به یک گروه متن هایی با واژگان متضاد داخل متن و به گروه دیگر متن هایی با واژگان توصیفی داخل متن ارایه داده شد.  در آخر فرایند این تحقیق یک آزمون پت دیگر به هر دو گروه ارایه شد و نمرات میانگین آنها در آن آزمون از طریق روش آماری t-test نمونه های مستقل مقایسه شد. نتیجه بدست آمده سبب رد شدن فرضیه صفر شد و در نتیجه ثابت شد که یاد گیرندگان گروه واژگان توصیفی داخل متن به طور قابل توجهی در مقایسه با گروه واژگان متضاد داخل متن  از درک مطلب بهتری برخوردار شدند.   Manuscript profile

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190 - رابطه بین درک خواندن زبان اموزان ایرانی، میزان دانش واژگانی و پوشش واژگانی متن: موردی از ژانرهای روایی و استدلالی
نادر اسدی آیدین لو میترا تقی نژاد

این مطالعه به بررسی رابطه بین درک خواندن زبان اموزان ایرانی، میزان دانش واژگانی و پوشش واژگانی متن در ژانرهای روایی و استدلالی می پردازد. بدین منظور 120 دانشجوی  مرد و زن بر اساس ازمون نلسون از میان دانشجویان دانشگاه ازادواحد تالش انتخاب شدند. تست نلسون به مظور همگ More

این مطالعه به بررسی رابطه بین درک خواندن زبان اموزان ایرانی، میزان دانش واژگانی و پوشش واژگانی متن در ژانرهای روایی و استدلالی می پردازد. بدین منظور 120 دانشجوی  مرد و زن بر اساس ازمون نلسون از میان دانشجویان دانشگاه ازادواحد تالش انتخاب شدند. تست نلسون به مظور همگن سازی دانشجویان در مهارت خواندن گرفته شد. سپس محقق دانشجویان را با دو ازمون درک مطلب با ژانرهای استدلالی و روایی از لحاظ دانش واژگانی و پوشش واژگانی درهر متن مورد ارزیابی قرار داد. دانش وازگانی دانشجویان بوسیله لولز تست و پوشش واژگانی متن از طریق جدیدترین نوع پروفایل واژگان مورد اندزه گیری قرار گرفت. به منظور دستیابی به میزان رابطه بین متغیرها رابطه پیرسون مورد استفاده قرار گرفت. نتایج به دست امده از تحلیل ها نشانگر رابطه چشمگیری میان درک مطلب در ژانرهای مختلف , دانش واژگانی و پوشش وازگانی متن بود. Manuscript profile

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191 - بررسی مقابله ای مضمون در نمونه متون داستانی انگلیسی و ترکی آذربایجانی
اسماعیل فقیه معصومه بهمن

برجسته سازی دستوری- معنایی یکی از مشکلترین حوزه ها در یادگیری زبان انگلیسی به عنوان زبان خارجی و در فرآیند ترجمه از آن زبان است. دلیل اصلی این دشواری از این حقیقت سرچشمه می گیرد که معمولأ زبان های مختلف، برجسته سازی را به صورت های مختلف و به کمک ابزار زبانی گوناگون انجا More

برجسته سازی دستوری- معنایی یکی از مشکلترین حوزه ها در یادگیری زبان انگلیسی به عنوان زبان خارجی و در فرآیند ترجمه از آن زبان است. دلیل اصلی این دشواری از این حقیقت سرچشمه می گیرد که معمولأ زبان های مختلف، برجسته سازی را به صورت های مختلف و به کمک ابزار زبانی گوناگون انجام می دهند. پژوهش حاضر می کوشد که به شیوه تقابلی به بررسی مضامین تجربی (موضوعی)بین فردی و متنی در نمونه ی داستان های کوتاهی به زبان های انگلیسی و ترکی آذری بپردازد بویژه پژوهش های حاضر برآن است که روشن کند آیا 3 نوع مضمون نام برده، در دو زبان مورد بحث کاربردهای مشابهی دارند یا خیر. برای مشخص نمودن ویژگی های برجسته سازی در متون داستانی بر مبنای کندوکاو عملی، الگوی نظری هلیدی (2002) در دو داستان کوتاه پیاده و مورد استفاده قرار گرفته است. یافته های پژوهش نشان داد که بسامد کاربرد مضامین موردبحث در زبان های انگلیسی و ترکی آذری به ترتیب از بیشترین به کمترین: تجربی، متنی  و بین فردی است. امید است که یافته های پژوهش حاضر برای زبانشناسی نظری و کاربردی سودمند بوده باشد. Manuscript profile

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192 - عناصر جنسیت-وابسته زبانی در مقالات زبانشناسی کاربردی: ارزیابی نسبی مدلی در زبان و جنسیت
رضا غفارثمر محسن شیرازی زاده

این مطالعه میکوشد تا اعتبار  مدل جنسیت-وابستگی در متن (آرگومون، کوپل، فاین و شیمونی، 2003) را در مقالات چاپ شده ی زبان شناسی کاربردی و آموزش زبان که توسط نویسندگان غیر انگلیسی زبان نوشته شده اند مورد ارزیابی قرار دهد. ازین رو، پیکره ای نمونه از مقالات مورد نظر جمع More

این مطالعه میکوشد تا اعتبار  مدل جنسیت-وابستگی در متن (آرگومون، کوپل، فاین و شیمونی، 2003) را در مقالات چاپ شده ی زبان شناسی کاربردی و آموزش زبان که توسط نویسندگان غیر انگلیسی زبان نوشته شده اند مورد ارزیابی قرار دهد. ازین رو، پیکره ای نمونه از مقالات مورد نظر جمع آوری شد و نسبت واژگان جنسیت-وابسته به کل واژگان متن محاسبه گردید. نتایج نشان داد که هرچند الگوی جنسیت-وابستگی زبانی در مقالات مورد مطالعه که دارای ویژگی گونه ای  خاصی بودند نیز حاکم است ولی تفاوت نویسندگان مرد و زن در استفاده از اکثر این عناصر به اندازه ای نیست که از لحاظ آماری معنادار باشد. عدم وجود تفاوت معنادار در پیکره مورد مطالعه بین مردان و زنان در استفاده از بسیاری از عناصری که آرگومون، کوپل، فاین و شیمونی (2003) آنها را "مرد پسند" یا "زن پسند" میدانند میتواند ریشه در "غیر انگلیسی زبان بودن نویسندگان" یا "گونه ی خاص متون" مورد مطالعه داشته باشد. در واقع میتوان اینگونه احتمال داد که ویژگی های فوق امکان بروز عناصر زبانی حاکی از جنسیت مولفین را در نگارش آنان تحت تاثیر قرار داده و تا حدی زیادی  دشوار کرده اند. Manuscript profile

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193 - بررسی تاثیر متفاوت بسط ترتیبی و همزمان درون دادهای متنی بر دریافت زبان آموزان ایرانی
مهری جلالی منوچهر جعفری گهر

مطالعه حاضر به بررسی اثر متفاوت متن های بسط داده شده به عنوان یک نوع آموزش تلویحی بردریافت افعال سببی  زبان انگلیسی توسط زبان آموزان ایرانی پرداخته است. بدین منظور، سه کلاس دست نخورده شامل 75 زبان اموز دختر و پسر با سطح متوسط زبانی به صورت تصادفی به سه گروه تقسیم ش More

مطالعه حاضر به بررسی اثر متفاوت متن های بسط داده شده به عنوان یک نوع آموزش تلویحی بردریافت افعال سببی  زبان انگلیسی توسط زبان آموزان ایرانی پرداخته است. بدین منظور، سه کلاس دست نخورده شامل 75 زبان اموز دختر و پسر با سطح متوسط زبانی به صورت تصادفی به سه گروه تقسیم شدند: فعالیتهای توجه برانگیز که به صورت همزمان بسط داده شده  بودند (22 نفر)، متن هایی که یه صورت ترتیبی بسط داده شده بودند( 28 نفر)، و گروه کنترل که متن های بسط داده نشده دریافت کردند (25 نفر). برای اندازه گیری هر یک از این روشها از تست قضاوت دستوری استفاده شد. نتایج نشان داد که گروه فعالیتهای توجه برانگیز نسبت به گروه بسط درون دادهای متنی دریافت بهتری از نکات دستوری هدف داشتند. یافته ها در مورد قطعیت مفید بودن تمرکز بر شکل قبل از تمرکز بر معنی تردید ایجاد می کند. Manuscript profile

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194 - تاثیر آموزش تلخیص نگاری بر خلق متن منسجم توسط زبان آموزان دبیرستانی ایرانی
لطف الله کریمی معصومه طورجی راغب

ماهر شدن در ایجاد پیوستگی و ارتباط در نگارش کار سادهای نیست. یاد کیرندگان باید مسیر های طولانی و نا هموار همچون تمرین تلخیص نگاری را را جهت نیل به این مقصود طی کنند. هدف از این پزوهش بر رسی اثر تلخیص نگاری بر نوشتن یک متن منسجم بود. بدین منظور روش تحقیق کاملا آزمایشی با More

ماهر شدن در ایجاد پیوستگی و ارتباط در نگارش کار سادهای نیست. یاد کیرندگان باید مسیر های طولانی و نا هموار همچون تمرین تلخیص نگاری را را جهت نیل به این مقصود طی کنند. هدف از این پزوهش بر رسی اثر تلخیص نگاری بر نوشتن یک متن منسجم بود. بدین منظور روش تحقیق کاملا آزمایشی با طرح پیش آزمون-پس آزمون گروه کنترل بکار گرفته شد. جهت انجام آزمایش 40 نفر دانش آموزدختر دردبیرستان فاطمه زهرا در کبودر آهنگ ، یکی از شهرهای استان همدان در ایران، به روش نمونه گیری دو مرحله ایانتخاب شدند. برخی ساختارهای دستوری مانند معلوم و مجهول، قضایای کوته شده، و فرم های مختلف افعال به زبان انگلیسی در طی دوازده جلسه به گروه کنترل آموزش داده شد. اما گروه آزمایشی از  یک برنامه درسی متشکل ازدوازده جلسه تلخیص نگاری بر خوردار بود. جهت تحلیل داده ها که از راه پیش آزمون و پس آزمون بدست آمده بود، از تحلیل کوواریانس استفاده شد. یافته های پزوهش نشاهن داد که مشارکت جویان در گروه آزمایشی نسبت به آ نهای که در گروه کنترل بودند از عملکرد بهتری در تولید متون منسجم و با کیفیت بر خوردار بودند. نتیجه ای که می توان گرفت این است که آموزش تلخیص نگاری، به عنوان یک مهارت اساسی، می تواند توانایی نگارش را بهبود بخشیده و فرصت های بیشتری برای دانشجویان در جهت استفاده از ادوات ارتباطی فراهم کرده و در نتیجه متون منسجم تری را تولید کنند.  Manuscript profile

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195 - روش آزمونی و روایی آزمونهای شنیداری
رویا خویی سارا پایدار نیا

در حیطه آزمون سازی و اندازه گیری، ارزیابی مهارت های شنیداری، علیرغم اهمیت بالای آن ، کمتر مورد توجه و درک متخصصین قرار گرفته و از پیشرفت کمتری نسبت به آنها برخوردار بوده است. اهمیت این حیطه بیشتر ریشه در تأثیرات بازگشتی آن روی تمرین های کلاسی دارد. با توجه به نقش شایان More

در حیطه آزمون سازی و اندازه گیری، ارزیابی مهارت های شنیداری، علیرغم اهمیت بالای آن ، کمتر مورد توجه و درک متخصصین قرار گرفته و از پیشرفت کمتری نسبت به آنها برخوردار بوده است. اهمیت این حیطه بیشتر ریشه در تأثیرات بازگشتی آن روی تمرین های کلاسی دارد. با توجه به نقش شایان توجه آزمون های شنیداری در اندازه گیری معلومات زبانی فراگیرندگان، از آن ها انتظار میرود که از روایی سازه ای بالایی برخوردار باشند. پژوهش حاضر به منظور بررسی روایی سازه ای سه نوع متفاوت از آزمون های شنیداری شامل آزمو ن های چهار جوابی، پر کردن جای خالی در خلاصه متن، و پر کردن در متن دست نخورده با هدف اندازه گیری مهارت شنیدن فراگیران زبان انگلیسی به عنوان یک زبان خارجی انجام شد. برای دستیابی به هدف تحقیق، سه متن با سطح دشواری نسبتا یکسان برای ساخت نه آزمون شنیدن برای درک مفهوم  مورد استفاده قرار گرفتند. سپس این آزمون ها بر اساس طرح موازنه ای به 91 زبان آموز همگون داده شدند. تحلیل آماری داده ها نشان داد که آزمون چهارجوابی از بالاترین میزان روایی سازه ای برخوردار بود. بعلاوه، بعد از مقایسه ی نتایج آزمون ها با استفاد هاز آزمون ANOVA یکطرفه، نتیجه گرفته شد که آزمون پر کردن جای خالی در متن دست نخورده از همه ی آزمون ها دشوارتر و آزمون چهارجوابی از همه ی آن ها برای شرکت کنندگان در پژوهش آسان تر بود. Manuscript profile

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196 - تأثیر افزایش متنی بر ساختار مجهول
ایرج خوشنویس Zohreh Mikaeli

این مطالعه تجربی تأثیر افزایش متنی بر آموزش ساختارمجهول در میان یادگیرندگان زبان دوم ایرانیان درسطح پیش‌متوسطه را بررسیکرد.شصت تا یادگیرندگان زبان دوم در سطح پیش‌متوسطه به‌صورت تصادفی به سه گروه تقسیم شدند دوتا گروه آزمایشی ویک گروه مقایسه. گروه اول آزمایشی متن‌هایی را More

این مطالعه تجربی تأثیر افزایش متنی بر آموزش ساختارمجهول در میان یادگیرندگان زبان دوم ایرانیان درسطح پیش‌متوسطه را بررسیکرد.شصت تا یادگیرندگان زبان دوم در سطح پیش‌متوسطه به‌صورت تصادفی به سه گروه تقسیم شدند دوتا گروه آزمایشی ویک گروه مقایسه. گروه اول آزمایشی متن‌هایی را دریافت کرد که فعل‌های مجهول در آن تکرار شد. گروه دوم آزمایشی متنی را دریافت کرد که در آن فعل‌های مجهول با رنگ‌های مختلف زیرشان خط کشیده شد. گروه سوم فقط توضیحات آشکار مجهول را بدون متن دریافت کرد.گروه تکرار در هر جلسه دو متن دریافت کرد. تحقیق با پیش‌تست/ آموزش/ پست‌تست دنبال شد. نتیجه نشان داد که هر دو گروه افزایش متنی یعنی گروه تکرار و گروه خطوط رنگی تأثیر آماری مهمی در آموزش ساختار مجهول نسبت به گروه آموزش صریح را داشت. در نتیجه گروه تکرار مفیدتر از گروه خطوط رنگی بود. Manuscript profile

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197 - مقایسه مقالات تایپی و دست نویس یادگیران زبان انگیسی ایران در زمینه طول متن، املا و صحت دستور زبانی
بهروز سربخشیان مهناز سعیدی

در تحقیق حاضرمقالات تایپی و دست نویس یادگیران زبان انگیسی ایران در زمینه طول متن، املا و صحت دستور زبانی مقایسه شده است. برای اجرای تحقیق، محقق از نرم افزار Alice Touch Typing استفاده کرد تا 15 یادگیر در سطح بالای متوسط با توانایی تایپ سطح بالا را جهت نوشتن مقالات انگلی More

در تحقیق حاضرمقالات تایپی و دست نویس یادگیران زبان انگیسی ایران در زمینه طول متن، املا و صحت دستور زبانی مقایسه شده است. برای اجرای تحقیق، محقق از نرم افزار Alice Touch Typing استفاده کرد تا 15 یادگیر در سطح بالای متوسط با توانایی تایپ سطح بالا را جهت نوشتن مقالات انگلیسی انتخاب کند. یکی از مقالات به صورت تایپی و دیگری به صورت دست نویس نوشته شد. یادگیران از هر دو جنسیت مذکر و مونث بین سنین 22 تا 35 انتخاب شدند. بررسی نمرات یادگیران در سه عامل ذکر شده با استفاده از آزمون تی وابسته نشان می دهد که مقالات تایپ شده به طور معنی داری از مقالات دست نویس از لحاظ طول متن و صحت دستور زبانی بهتر هستند. با این وجود، تفاوت معنی داری از لحاظ املایی بین مقالات تایپی و دست نویس وجود ندارد. تاثیرات مثبت تایپ کردن می تواند دلیلی منطقی برای یادگیران زبان مخصوصا متقاضیان آزمون تافل باشد تا زمان بیشتری به یادگیری مهارت تایپ کردن اختصاص دهند. همچنین مدرسان زبان می توانند به دانش آموزانی که دارای توانایی تایپ بالا هستند اجازه دهند تا در صورت تمایل مقالات خودشان را تایپ کنند.  Manuscript profile

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198 - بررسی مقابله ای بینامتنیت در مقالات پژوهشی تالیف شده توسط مولفان ایرانی و انگلیسی در رشته زبان شناسی کاربردی
داود کوهی نسرین ملانقی زاده

گفتمان علمی این امکان را در اختیار مولفان قرار می دهد که از متون مولفان دیگر در قالبها و الگوهای قراردادی بهره جویند. با اینحال، یکی از عواملی که می تواند بر نحوه استفاده مولفان از متون دیگر تاثیر بگذارد تعلقات فرهنگی مولفان است. بر اساس فرض مذکور، این پژوهش به بررسی مو More

گفتمان علمی این امکان را در اختیار مولفان قرار می دهد که از متون مولفان دیگر در قالبها و الگوهای قراردادی بهره جویند. با اینحال، یکی از عواملی که می تواند بر نحوه استفاده مولفان از متون دیگر تاثیر بگذارد تعلقات فرهنگی مولفان است. بر اساس فرض مذکور، این پژوهش به بررسی موضوع بینامتنیت آشکار در مقالات پژوهشی تالیف شده توسط مولفان ایرانی و انگلیسی  در رشته زبان شناسی کاربردی در دوره زمانی سالهای 2000-2010 پرداخته است.  در راستای این هدف، الگوی ارائه شده توسط سویلز (1990) که توسط تامپسون و تریبل (2000) و تامپسون (2005) گسترش یافته مورد استفاده قرار گرفته است. نتایج پژوهش حاضر حاکی از استفاده متفاوت مولفان دو گروه از استراتژیهای نقل قول است. نتایج به دست آمده می تواند مورد بهره برداری مولفان و محققان حوزه زبانشناسی کاربردی قرار گیرد. Manuscript profile

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199 - بررسی تاثیر فعالیتهای خواندنی-تفکری هدایت شده بر روی توانایی درک مطلب سطح بندی شده
مریم حبیب اللهی اقدم ثریا بهروزی زاد

10.30495/jal.2018.541068

خواندن و درک مطلب یکی از مهارتهای ضروری در یادگیری هر زمانی است. به نظر می رسد نظام آموزشی ایران نیازمند تغییر و بازنگری در تدریس درک مطلب خواندن است. بدین منظور، تحقیق حاضر روش فعالیت خواندنی-تفکری هدایت شده را ( ارائه شده توسط استافر 1969 ) به عنوان مدلی برای تدریس خو More

خواندن و درک مطلب یکی از مهارتهای ضروری در یادگیری هر زمانی است. به نظر می رسد نظام آموزشی ایران نیازمند تغییر و بازنگری در تدریس درک مطلب خواندن است. بدین منظور، تحقیق حاضر روش فعالیت خواندنی-تفکری هدایت شده را ( ارائه شده توسط استافر 1969 ) به عنوان مدلی برای تدریس خواندن درک مطلب سطح بندی شده ارائه کرده که انتظار می رود روش ذکر شده در جهت تقویت توانایی خواندن درک مطلب سطح بندی شده در دانش آموزان موثر باشد. در جهت اجرای اهداف این تحقیق ، در مرحله نخست 50 شرکت کننده به صورت تصادفی از دانش آموزان آموزشگاه زبانسرا در سطح متوسط انتخاب شده که در 2 گروه 25 نفری ( گروه آزمایشی و گروه کنترل ) جای گرفته اند. با الهام گیری از روش ترکیبی، در مرحله ی کمی دانش آموزان در پیش آزمون و پس آزمون شرکت کرده اند و در مرحله کیفی با 15 نفر از دانش آموزان گروه آزمایشی مصاحبه ای در خصوص تاثیر اجرای روش فعالیت خواندی – تفکری هدایت شده(متن منتخب از نوع داستانی بوده) بر روی درک مطلب سطح بندی شده صورت گرفته است . نتایج بدست آمده مبنی بر این است که روش مذکور تاثیر بسزایی در خواندن مطالب سطح بندی شده داشته است. مقاله حاضر اشاراتی بر برخی از روش های تعلیمی برای معلمین و دانش آموزان زبان خارج انگلیسی وهمچنین راه هایی برای انجام تحقیقات بعدی ارائه نموده است. Manuscript profile

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200 - تاثیر متن بر یادگیری و یاداوری اصطلاحات
سیمین ولیزاده سعیده آهنگری

هدف مطالعه حاضر بررسی تاثیر متن بر روی یادگیری و یاداوری اصطلاحات توسط 60 تن از زبان اموزان ایرانی می باشد. به این منظور محققین شرکت کنندگان را به دو گروه ازمایشی و یک گروه کنترل تقسیم کردند: گروه ازمایشی اول (  گروه متن گسترده) گروه ازمایشی دوم ( گروه متن محدود) و More

هدف مطالعه حاضر بررسی تاثیر متن بر روی یادگیری و یاداوری اصطلاحات توسط 60 تن از زبان اموزان ایرانی می باشد. به این منظور محققین شرکت کنندگان را به دو گروه ازمایشی و یک گروه کنترل تقسیم کردند: گروه ازمایشی اول (  گروه متن گسترده) گروه ازمایشی دوم ( گروه متن محدود) وگروه کنترل( گروه بدون متن) نامیده شدند . ابتدا یک تست اصطلاحات 50 سوالی با استفاده از معیار سنجش لغت گرفته شده از (وشه و |پریبخت 1993) تهیه گردیده و جهت پاسخگویی به زبان اموزان داده شد. براساس پاسخ شرکت کنندگان 30 اصطلاح که برای انها نا اشنا بود انتخاب  و به عنوان اصطلاحات هدف تعیین گردید. سپس جهت تدریس این اصطلاحات محققین به روشهای زیر اقدام کردند: در گروه ازمایشی اول این اصطلاحات در داخل متن گسترده از طریق گوش دادن به داستانهای کوتاه تدریس شدند. در گروه ازمایشی دوم اصطلاحات هدف در داخل متون محدود توسط جملات کوتاه تدریس گردید. اما در گروه کنترل اصطلاحات مذکور خارج از متن بصورت دادن تعرف و معنای انها تدریس گردیدند. تحلیل نتایج پس ازمون  انی و پس ازمون تاخیری  نشان داد که تدریس اصطلاحات در متن گسترده تاثیر معنی داری بر یادگیری و به خاطر سپاری اصطلاحات توسط زبان اموزان دارد.  Manuscript profile

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201 - بررسی تاثیر روش اصلاح خطاها توسط همکلاسان بر رشد مهارت نوشتاری
زهره سیفوری

این تحقیق تاثیرمتغیر مستقل "اصلاح خطاها توسط همکلاسان" را بر متغیر وابسته یعنی "رشد مهارت نوشتاری" مورد بررسی قرار داده است. بر اساس فرضیه تحقیق " استفاده از  روش اصلاح خطاها توسط همکلاسان می تواند آگاهی دستوری و ساختاری زبان آموزان را بالا برده و موجب رشد مهارت نو More

این تحقیق تاثیرمتغیر مستقل "اصلاح خطاها توسط همکلاسان" را بر متغیر وابسته یعنی "رشد مهارت نوشتاری" مورد بررسی قرار داده است. بر اساس فرضیه تحقیق " استفاده از  روش اصلاح خطاها توسط همکلاسان می تواند آگاهی دستوری و ساختاری زبان آموزان را بالا برده و موجب رشد مهارت نوشتاری گردد". چهل شرکت کننده در این تحقیق را دانشجویان سال دوم آموزش زبان انگلیسی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی تبریز، در درس نگارش1، تشکیل می دادند. این نمونه از جمعیت آماری هشتاد نفری دانشجویان سال دومی انتخاب شده بودند که هر نیمسال این درس را انتخاب می کنند. گروهها به صورت تصادفی به عنوان گروههای تحقیق و شاهد انتخاب شدند. برای حصول اطمینان از همگن بودن اولیه گروهها، پیش آزمونی در زمینه دستور برگزار و نتایج آن مورد تحلیل آماری قرار گرفت. پس از تایید همگنی اولیه گروهها، گروه آزمایشی آموزش ویژه وگروه شاهد آموزش بی اثر را دریافت کردند. تحلیل آماری نتایج پس آزمون تفاوت معناداری بین گروههای آزمایشی و شاهد نشان نمی داد. به عبارت دیگر ویراستاری توسط همسالان بر رشد مهارت نوشتاری دانشجویان تاثیر گذار نبود. با توجه به نقش مهم دانش دستوری در نوشتار می توان عدم تاثیر این روش را ناشی ازضعف دانشجویان در حوزه دستوری دانست. تحقیقات بیشتر در مورد استفاده از روش خودویراستاری و ویراستاری توسط همسالان در دروس پایه دستور زبان 1 و 2 لازم است تا بتوان میزان تاثیر این روش را در محیطهای زبان خارجه مورد ارزیابی دقیق قرار داد.     Manuscript profile

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202 - مطالعه بین فرهنگی تکرار پذیری حرکت متنی-کارکردی در بخشهای بحث مقالات پژوهشی علوم نرم
کیمیا سلطانی داوود کوهی نسرین حدیدی تمجید

10.30495/jal.2021.681300

مطالعه حاضربا هدف بررسی اینکه آیا تکرار پذیری حرکتهای متنی-کارکردی گزارش نتایج و توضیح در مورد نتایج در بخشهای بحث مقالات تحت تأثیر تغییرات فرهنگی/رشته ای قرارمی گیرد یا خیر شکل گرفت. بدین منظور ، ۶۰۰ مقاله پژوهشی در شش رشته علوم نرم، از جمله اقتصاد، جامعه شناسی، زبانشن More

مطالعه حاضربا هدف بررسی اینکه آیا تکرار پذیری حرکتهای متنی-کارکردی گزارش نتایج و توضیح در مورد نتایج در بخشهای بحث مقالات تحت تأثیر تغییرات فرهنگی/رشته ای قرارمی گیرد یا خیر شکل گرفت. بدین منظور ، ۶۰۰ مقاله پژوهشی در شش رشته علوم نرم، از جمله اقتصاد، جامعه شناسی، زبانشناسی کاربردی، زبانشناسی، مدیریت و روانشناسی، با تعداد مساوی در هر رشته و فرهنگ ، در بازه زمانی ۲۰۱۸-۲۰۰۶، انتخاب شد. از مدل تجزیه حرکتی (۱۹۹۰) Buker  و Weissberg برای تحلیل مقالات استفاده شد. ابتدا حرکتهای گزارش نتایج و توضیح در مورد نتایج در بخشهای نتایج مقالات مشخص شد. سپس با استفاده از آزمون خیدو، فراوانی تکرارآنها در بخشهای بحث در بین فرهنگها ورشته ها محاسبه و مقایسه شد. نتایج تحلیل داده ها نشان داد که تغییردررشته یا محل فرهنگی اجتماعی منجر به تغییر درتکراردو حرکت مورد مطالعه نمی شود. با توجه به اینکه مطالعه حاضر چارچوب نسبتاً جدیدی برای بررسی دقیق گفتمان علمی فراهم می کند ، ممکن است پیامدهای آموزشی خاصی برای دانشجویان بومی وغیربومی در رشته های علوم نرم، محققان، مدرسان و طراحا ن دوره انگلیسی برای اهداف دانشگاهی وانگلیسی برای اهداف خاص نوید دهد. Manuscript profile

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203 - توجه فراگیران زبان انگلیسی به عوامل متنی و زبانی در فرایند بازیابی مرجع ضمیر
زهره یوسف وند احمد رضا لطفی

توانایی خوانندگان در ادغام کردن اطلاعات جدید و اطلاعات قبلی ارائه شده در متن به عنوان بخش مهمی از فرایند درک مطلب در نظر گرفته می شود. یک جنبه از این فرایند عبارت است از بازیابی مرجع ضمیر در متنی که خوانده می شود. هدف از این تحقیق بررسی فرایند بازیابی مرجع ضمیر همچنین ب More

توانایی خوانندگان در ادغام کردن اطلاعات جدید و اطلاعات قبلی ارائه شده در متن به عنوان بخش مهمی از فرایند درک مطلب در نظر گرفته می شود. یک جنبه از این فرایند عبارت است از بازیابی مرجع ضمیر در متنی که خوانده می شود. هدف از این تحقیق بررسی فرایند بازیابی مرجع ضمیر همچنین بررسی میزان دشواری انواع مختلف مراجع ضمیر می باشد. شرکت کنندگان این تحقیق 90 نفر از دانشجویان زبان انگلیسی می باشند که بطور تصادفی از بین دانشجویان در دسترس در مقطع کارشناسی از دانشگاهی در شهر اصفهان انتخاب شدند. ابزار استفاده شده در این تحقیق عبارت است از آزمون مرجع یابی متشکل از 30 متن مختلف علمی. در طول مطالعه از شرکت کنندگان خواسته شد که مراجع ضمیر را پیدا کنند و زیر آنها را خط بکشند. بعد از جمع آوری و طبقه بندی داده ها از نرم افزار  آمار ی SPSS برای تحلیل و بررسی داده ها استفاده شد. نتایج تحلیل واریانس یک طرفه. بر این نکته دلالت داشتند که مراجع ضمیر مختلف از لحاظ درجه دشواری بازیابی  متفاوت هستند، F (4, 87) = 10.28, p Manuscript profile

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204 - Reinvestigation of Jurisprudential Policies at Population Control and Family Regulation
forozan alaei Sosan Aal Rasoul

To give attention to importance of decrease or increase of human population at different aspects (scientific, cultural, social, political and economic) we try in this article to choose the best idea, to agree or disagree with birth control, to take into consideration of More

To give attention to importance of decrease or increase of human population at different aspects (scientific, cultural, social, political and economic) we try in this article to choose the best idea, to agree or disagree with birth control, to take into consideration of jurisprudences ideas and their basis. So we will analyze it, after explanation of four main ideas about population, in the opinion of Muslim jurisprudences that is conforming to each of them. Anyway, Islam never had ordered about increasing or decreasing population, explicitly and clearly, so the final strategy will he determined in respect to Islamic principles and doctrines and time and place necessities and social conditions. This important duty in this responsibility of Islamic ruler, that issues â€œThe governor ruleâ€ to keep the public discipline, and orders new rules and occasional laws to regulate the social affairs, based on the interests and mischievous that determines, and reacts to special needs of time and place, while keeping the basis. It proves that Islam conforms to the theory of proportional population. Manuscript profile

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205 - To Study the Legitimacy of Children’s Worship From the Viewpoint of Imamieh Jurisprudence
Mohammad Mohammadzadeh Rahni Hassan Faridi

To study the legitimacy of children’s worship is one of the important question in judicial discussions and the supreme jurists declared different opinions about it. Since the children are like a fertile land which correct trainings cause their felicity and incorre More

To study the legitimacy of children’s worship is one of the important question in judicial discussions and the supreme jurists declared different opinions about it. Since the children are like a fertile land which correct trainings cause their felicity and incorrect cultivations cause their misfortune, thus it is necessary that the parents with respect to religious teachings be attentive to their training. One of religious teaching for the children is to introduce and incite them to worship (especially to pray). Evidently the answer to this question whether these worships are legitimate or not has effective influence in motivation of the child to perform worships. Also it is effective in showing the proper judicial feature of this problem.  In this article we have proved that the children’s prayers are legal by indicating some reasons. Hence, the necessity of the worship has been removed of the children until the maturity age but its legitimacy has remained. Manuscript profile

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206 - Hypertext implications and its role in the development of penal jurisperudence
Rahman Valizadeh Masoud Nikparvar

10.22034/ijrj.2023.700480

Considering its direct relation to human soul and dignity, penal jurisperudence is always dependent upon Nas(text). Thus, any violation or restriction of the scope of the sentence requires a valid religious reason about the case. However, in addition to the one-proposit More

Considering its direct relation to human soul and dignity, penal jurisperudence is always dependent upon Nas(text). Thus, any violation or restriction of the scope of the sentence requires a valid religious reason about the case. However, in addition to the one-propositional approach to religious evidences, a holistic approach to a set of religious evidences and the implications of this holistic view can be proposed. This implications, which can be categorized in the form of concepts of sharia purposes, similar reforms, and general rules governing jurisperudence, represent the general bias and orientations of legislator in the position of legislation. Theoretically, the authority of the ruling based on such an approach can be proved according to some Quranic evidences and the validity of the concept of induction and spiritual continuity. As Jurists have stepped in to develop and deepening of juristic judgements by taking an holistic approach toward islamic evidences and its implications. Paying attention to the population, emphasizing on the prevention of crime, paying attention to specific criminal groups, avoiding the tormenting character of punishments, etc. are only part of the results of citing hypertext implications in penal jurisprudence. Manuscript profile

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207 - The Effect of Text Structure on Iranian EFL Learners' Reading Comprehension as Measured by Multiple-choice and Cloze Tests
Hedayat Eslami Mahnaz Saeidi Saeide Ahangari

This study was an attempt to investigate Iranian EFL students' performance on reading comprehension tests with different text structures and response formats. The participants of the study included 228 students, comprising eight groups, selected based on the Preliminary More

This study was an attempt to investigate Iranian EFL students' performance on reading comprehension tests with different text structures and response formats. The participants of the study included 228 students, comprising eight groups, selected based on the Preliminary English Test (PET). Four types of text structures, time sequence (T), description (D), causation (C), problem-solution (P) were selected and two types of response formats, Multiple-Choice Questions (MCQ) and Multiple-Choice Cloze tests (MCC), based on the four text structures were developed and administered to the eight groups. The results revealed that in both response formats, the students' performance on the more loosely organized text structures (T and D) was better than their performance on the more tightly organized ones (C and P). Furthermore, the students' performance on MCQ was significantly better than on MCC response format across all four text structures. The results of the study suggested that students performed better on T and D text structures compared to C and P in both response formats and that their performance on MCQ response format was better than their performance on MCC across all four text structures. The results of the study suggest that teachers and test developers can boost their students' performance on reading comprehension tests by choosing the most appropriate response formats for different text structures Manuscript profile

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208 - The Effect of Corporate Governance on Corporate Diversification with an Emphasis on Earnings Opacity
Zahra Shekari Astyar سعید انورخطیبی

According to the agency conflicts hypothesis, managers' ability to distort and hide information depends on the degree of complexity of the organization. Companies with complex organizational environments and more agency problems have high diversification compared to oth More

According to the agency conflicts hypothesis, managers' ability to distort and hide information depends on the degree of complexity of the organization. Companies with complex organizational environments and more agency problems have high diversification compared to other companies. However, mechanisms are needed to control the opportunistic behavior of managers. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of corporate governance on corporate diversification, emphasizing the lack of profit transparency in companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange. In this regard, 110 companies were selected for the period of 2016-2021. The purpose of applied research and its methodology is post-event type. The combined data approach has been used to test the research hypotheses. Eviews statistical software was used to test research hypotheses. The results showed that the use of corporate governance mechanisms limits managers' motivation to diversify. On the other hand, when profit opacity is high, corporate governance mechanisms are not capable enough to limit the incentive of corporate diversification. Manuscript profile

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209 - واکاوی عوامل انسجام متنی در شعر«عقاب» خانلری بر بنیاد نظریۀ مایکل هالیدی و رقیه حسن
حمید خانیان

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210 - Consideration of “Simple yet Complicated to Imitate” Characteristic of Vahshi Bafghi`s Sonnets
maryam mahmoodi roya dehghani

The sonnet is the best format for expressing a richly polite manner and numerous poets have used it to express their poems. One of these poets is a wild beast. He is one of the greatest poets of the tenth century who stands out among the poets of his era. The wild beast More

The sonnet is the best format for expressing a richly polite manner and numerous poets have used it to express their poems. One of these poets is a wild beast. He is one of the greatest poets of the tenth century who stands out among the poets of his era. The wild beast has practiced all forms of poetry, but his fame is mostly due to his burning and quivering sonnets. One of the reasons that made his sonnets outstanding is their easy to abstain. In this research, it is attempted to study the descriptive-analytic method of his sonnets in terms of ease and abstinence. This study shows that the use of spoken language, grammar, simplicity, and vocabulary, and avoidance of industrialization have made it difficult to derive wild The sonnet is the best format for expressing a richly polite manner and numerous poets have used it to express their poems. One of these poets is a wild beast. He is one of the greatest poets of the tenth Manuscript profile

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211 - Description of the Center and the Type of Narration of the Illustrated Manuscript of Khamseh of Nizami in Relationship Between Text and Image
Farzaneh Mehryar Shahrzad Niazi Mortaza Rashidi

Nizami’s Khamseh is the poems has been repeatedly copied in the illustrated and non-illustrated forms during the time. Illustrated manuscripts have in addition poems, the meaning concepts of illustration and it is because of being relation among poems and its illu More

Nizami’s Khamseh is the poems has been repeatedly copied in the illustrated and non-illustrated forms during the time. Illustrated manuscripts have in addition poems, the meaning concepts of illustration and it is because of being relation among poems and its illustrations. This paper, introduce illustrations of Haft Peikar of Nizami’s Khamseh’s manuscripts by Descriptive-analytical method. They are as following, university of Tehran’s manuscript- code 5179, Shahid Motahhari’s -code 400, America Library of Congress, Kakh Golestan -code 1951, Islamic Consultative Assembly-code 930, National library-code5-15275 of N. L. digital, National library-code 3058256 of N. L. digital. Due to the relation between illustration and poems, being aware of the number as well as the subject of illustrations and the main focus of their narrative, is important for later research in this field. The paper says that in the above manuscripts, Bahram Gour is the main focus of the narrative and most frequently revolves around his presence in seven domes while the painter is not completely bound to the text. Manuscript profile

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212 - A comparative Study of Resaleh Qoshayriyeh and Siyar al-Auliya Based on Gérard Genette's Theory of Transtextuality
Maliheh Karimipanah

Since mystical texts are based on Qoranic verses, hadiths, and sayings of saints, they are more suitable for the exploration of transtextual relations than other texts. This comparative study aimed to analyze transtextual relations in Resaleh Qoshayriyeh and Seyr al-Aul More

Since mystical texts are based on Qoranic verses, hadiths, and sayings of saints, they are more suitable for the exploration of transtextual relations than other texts. This comparative study aimed to analyze transtextual relations in Resaleh Qoshayriyeh and Seyr al-Auliya based on Gérard Genette's theory of transtextuality. The goal was to discover which types of transtextual relations exist in Seyr al-Auliya, and how this work has established a dialogic relationship with Resaleh Qoshayriyeh. Based on the results, Mir Khord Kermani established a conscious transtextual relationship to create a work on the same level as Resaleh Qoshayriyeh. Among the different types of transtextual relations, explicit, latent, and implicit intertextual relations were observed at the level of themes and narratives; a paratextual relation existed in the book’s structure and parts (main title and subtitle, chapters, sections, and epilogues); an architextual relation in the book’s style and language; and a hypertextual relation of the adaptation type in the use of mystical terms, verses, hadiths, anecdotes, and sayings of the saints. Manuscript profile

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213 - بررسی حرکت و تقابل در حکایت شیخ صنعان
مینا امانی سرور فلاحی‌نژاد

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214 - بررسی وجوه مشترک داستانی در منظومه‌های «مهر و مشتری» و «ناظر و منظور» بر مبنای نظریة بیش‌متنیت ژرار ژنت
محسن محمدی فشارکی مولود طلایی

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215 - اسلوب خطاب و بیان در شعر حافظ
بتول واعظ

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216 - Politeness Strategies Used by English Native Speakers, Persian Native Speakers, and Iranian EFL Learners in the Production of Refusal Speech Act
Farahat Jazaeri

10.30495/jfl.2022.697237

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217 - Impact of Teacher’s Dynamic Assessment on Iranian EFL Learners’ Stance in Academic Writing
Katayoun Eghtesadi Ehsan Rezvani Bahram Hadian

10.30495/jfl.2023.703377

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218 - Kurdish ancient stories and its connection with the style of magical realism (Based on the Kurdish text written by Lescot Roger)
Mousa Parnian Ata Almasi Muhammad Zahed Saidi tabar

Combining the life realities with the traditions and people's beliefs and fantasies of the Caribbean area which is a mixture of black African slaves' beliefs and the customs of the American Indians before Columbus, led to emergence writing style of the magical realism. More

Combining the life realities with the traditions and people's beliefs and fantasies of the Caribbean area which is a mixture of black African slaves' beliefs and the customs of the American Indians before Columbus, led to emergence writing style of the magical realism. Despite the attribution of this school of writing to Latin America and Gabriel Garcia Marquez It is not possible to determine this style of writing solely allocated for this region, because some aspects of the origin of this writing technique have been found in the literature of the east, including the local and native Kurdish literature of the region. The Kurdish textbook or the "Old Kurdish Stories" compiled by Lescot Roger, a French writer and scholar, is one of Kurdish works that undoubtedly, like other eastern works, is the origin of the magical realism style. Hence, the present paper seeks to examine how to link the magic realism style of writing with Kurdish stories based on Lescot Roger's Book. The initial findings of the research show that many of the components of magical realism have been used in this book, along with fantasy and imagination, far from any judgments and orientations, the important and profound realities of the Kurdish community have been depicted in an imaginary and unfamiliar environment. Therefore, the audience in the real world is sometimes overwhelmed by doubts; meanwhile, it opens up new perspectives to the audience in which they are an ideal human biographer and without any kind of ugliness, disgust, and disappointment. Manuscript profile

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219 - Providing a Method Based on Data Mining and Semantic Web Techniques to Prioritize Software Requirements
Sahar Ghazizadeh Seyedebrahim Dashti

Requirements engineering is one of the important and main phases in the software development process. In this phase, various activities are performed by software engineers. In this paper, the problem of prioritizing requirements in the iterative software development pro More

Requirements engineering is one of the important and main phases in the software development process. In this phase, various activities are performed by software engineers. In this paper, the problem of prioritizing requirements in the iterative software development process has been investigated. The main goal is to automatically find priority groups of requirements so that each group of requirements can be implemented in one iteration of the development process. For this purpose, data mining, text processing and semantic similarity techniques have been used. The proposed methods have been applied to the data set related to the requirements of different software. The proposed methods have different phases. In the clustering phase, various clustering algorithms such as K-Means, hierarchical clustering, and Density-based spatial clustering of applications with noise (DBSCAN) have been used. In order to check the effectiveness of clustering methods, the results obtained for the prioritization of requirements have been compared with the priority groups determined by experts. The results of the comparison show that the presented methods have good and acceptable performance for classifying requirements and clustering methods. Proposed method provides an average of 3% better performance. Manuscript profile

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220 - A New Approach in Designing Multi-Layer Frequency Selective Surfaces based on Tuning Pole-Zeros of Individual Layers
Mahmoud Fallah Ali Abdolali

In this paper, a new approach (not new technique) is introduced for designing frequency selective surfaces (FSSs). We try to compose the desired frequency response using the frequency response of each constituent FSS. Also, a new dual-band miniaturized frequency selecti More

In this paper, a new approach (not new technique) is introduced for designing frequency selective surfaces (FSSs). We try to compose the desired frequency response using the frequency response of each constituent FSS. Also, a new dual-band miniaturized frequency selective surface is proposed. In contrast to the conventional FSS design technique, the presented structure takes advantage of non-resonance elements and has unit cells with a miniaturized dimension. The proposed FSS cells are composed of two complex and inductive planes that act as a dual-band filter through the pass of electromagnetic wave propagation. The performance of this structure toward various angles of incident waves and different polarizations is stable. Manuscript profile

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221 - Page Layout Analysis of the Document Image Based on the Region Classification in a Decision Hierarchical Structure
Hossein Pourghassem

The conversion of document image to its electronic version is a very important problem in the saving, searching and retrieval application in the official automation system. For this purpose, analysis of the document image is necessary. In this paper, a hierarchical clas More

The conversion of document image to its electronic version is a very important problem in the saving, searching and retrieval application in the official automation system. For this purpose, analysis of the document image is necessary. In this paper, a hierarchical classification structure based on a two-stage segmentation algorithm is proposed. In this structure, image is segmented using the proposed two-stage segmentation algorithm. Then, the type of the image regions such as document and non-document image is determined using multiple classifiers in the hierarchical classification structure. The proposed segmentation algorithm uses two algorithms based on wavelet transform and thresholding. Texture features such as correlation, homogeneity and entropy that extracted from co-occurrenc matrix and also two new features based on wavelet transform are used to classifiy and lable the regions of the image. The hierarchical classifier is consisted of two Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) classifiers and a Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier. The proposed algorithm is evaluated on a database consisting of document and non-document images that provides from Internet. The experimental results show the efficiency of the proposed approach in the region segmentation and classification. The proposed algorithm provides accuracy rate of 97.5% on classification of the regions. Manuscript profile

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222 - Semantic Document Image Classification Based on Valuable Text Pattern
Hossein Pourghassem Mohammad sadegh Helforoush Sabalan Daneshvar

Knowledge extraction from detected document image is a complex problem in the field of information technology. This problem becomes more intricate when we know, a negligible percentage of the detected document images are valuable. In this paper, a segmentation-based cla More

Knowledge extraction from detected document image is a complex problem in the field of information technology. This problem becomes more intricate when we know, a negligible percentage of the detected document images are valuable. In this paper, a segmentation-based classification algorithm is used to analysis the document image. In this algorithm, using a two-stage segmentation approach, regions of the image are detected, and then classified to document and non-document (pure region) regions in the hierarchical classification. In this paper, a novel valuable definition is proposed to classify document image in to valuable or invaluable categories. The proposed algorithm is evaluated on a database consisting of the document and non-document image that provide from Internet. Experimental results show the efficiency of the proposed algorithm in the semantic document image classification. The proposed algorithm provides accuracy rate of 98.8% for valuable and invaluable document image classification problem.        Manuscript profile

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223 - A Novel Framework for Logo Detection and Recognition from Document Images
Hossein Pourghasem Amir Salar Jafarpisheh

Logo detection and recognition module is a vital requirement in official automation systems for document image archiving and retrieval applications. In this paper, we present a novel framework for logo detection and recognition based on sequential segmentation and class More

Logo detection and recognition module is a vital requirement in official automation systems for document image archiving and retrieval applications. In this paper, we present a novel framework for logo detection and recognition based on sequential segmentation and classification strategy of document image. In this framework, using a two-stage segmentation algorithm (consisting of wavelet-based and threshold-based segmentation algorithms) and hierarchical classification by two multilayer Perceptron (MLP) classifiers and a k-nearest neighbor (KNN) classifier, a document image divides to text, pure picture and logo candidate regions. Ultimsately, in final decision, class of logo candidate region is determined based on pre-defined classes. In the hierarchical classification and logo recognition stages, the best feature space is selected by forward selection algorithm from a perfect set of texture and shape features. The proposed structure is evaluated on a variety and vast database consisting of the document and non-document images with Persian and international logos. The obtained results show efficiency of the proposed framework in the real and operational conditions. Manuscript profile

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224 - Analysis of Common Rules in the Methods of Criticizing the Hadith of Muslims and the Methods of Dating the Hadiths of Orientalists
marjan shiri nosrat nilsaz

Hadith is considered by Muslims as one of the most important sources of religious teachings and rules of Sharia, and the validity of the Hadith means that it is correctly attributed to its main speaker, Muslims have examined the authenticity of the Hadiths, not determin More

Hadith is considered by Muslims as one of the most important sources of religious teachings and rules of Sharia, and the validity of the Hadith means that it is correctly attributed to its main speaker, Muslims have examined the authenticity of the Hadiths, not determined the date of their origin. However, correcting or falsifying a Hadith is implicitly related to the issue of time. Counting correctly means accepting the issuance at the time of main speaker, but there are two possibilities in ruling that the narration is fake: being made by a person at the time of the main speaker; Forgery at a later time. Western scholars consider Hadith as a historical source and the important issue for them is to determine the temporal and spatial origin of Hadiths, they have invented methods for this purpose that have evolved over time.This study with the view that what evidence of attention to the issue of time and geographical origin of the narrations in the methods of critique of Muslim Hadith can be found by analyzing a part of the Hadith heritage has concluded that some rules and points considered by scholars and Muslim narrators share the rules and points that orientalists have used in various ways of dating. Among these cases. examining the writings and different methods of a Hadith, paying attention to the common narrator. Manuscript profile

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225 - Methodology of Allāmah Sayyed Mortezā ‘Askari in the Historical Critique of Narrations
fatemeh kasraee Majid maaref Maliha al-Sadat Seyyed Reza Dulabi

Contemporary thinker Sayyed Mortizā ‘Askari, realizing the dangerous harms that the forged hadiths have inflicted on Islam, tried to understand and purify the narrations in various fields such as Sira, Rijal, theology and Quranic sciences. Among the criteria which More

Contemporary thinker Sayyed Mortizā ‘Askari, realizing the dangerous harms that the forged hadiths have inflicted on Islam, tried to understand and purify the narrations in various fields such as Sira, Rijal, theology and Quranic sciences. Among the criteria which the contemporary hadith researchers determine for evaluating hadith authenticity, he benefited greatly from the element of reliable history. Through an analytical study of history and with a clear religious insight into the narrations, he revealed the truths that had been hidden from the eyes of many scholars and responded to many questions posed by orientalists and opponents. Reflecting on his works, it is obtained that his method was based on the isnad and content of hadiths. In his method of external criticism; discovering the degree of honesty and truth-seeking of the historian, restoring the narrator's credibility in addition to studying the chain of narrators, validating the book, were the elements which he considered, and in his way of internal critique; consolidation of the text, ensuring the accuracy of the narration, forming the family of the hadith, recognizing the meaning of the words in the narration and paying attention to the evolution of meanings and sectarian prejudices, were taken into account. Manuscript profile

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226 - The Evaluation of Hawting’s Methodological Viewpoints within the Domain of the Historical Literary Criticism of the Qur’ān
Hasan Rezaee Haftadur mohammad dargahzade safar nasirian

Nowadays, the precise and principled understanding of the orientalists’ viewpoints and their research methods in studying the Qur’ān as well as the scientific criticism of these viewpoints based on robust religious and intellectual principles are undeniable More

Nowadays, the precise and principled understanding of the orientalists’ viewpoints and their research methods in studying the Qur’ān as well as the scientific criticism of these viewpoints based on robust religious and intellectual principles are undeniable necessities. Literary criticism is a critical method that has been applied by the orientalists to the qur’ānic studies. One of the scholars that has used this method – of course via an intertextual approach – to study the qur’ānic verses is Gerald Hawting, the British Qur’ān researcher. Hawting’s literary criticisms against the Qur’ān are in three directions, namely the appearance of the Qur’ān in a sectarian atmosphere, the dialectical nature of the qur’ānic verses, and the temporal lateness of the Qur’ān compared to its audience. These three dimensions can be rejected based on the intellectual and narrative reasons, as follows. First, the mere connection of the Islamic world with the monotheistic religions that had appeared before it is not a reason for the effectiveness of those religions on the appearance of the Qur’ān. Moreover, unlike other sacred Scriptures, the Qur’ān does not have a human nature and its text involves various types of miraculous qualities such as eloquence, sublimity of meaning, and freedom from any disagreement in expression. All these wonders derive from its divine and non-human nature. ... Manuscript profile

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227 - Criticism and Analysis of the Duty-Oriented Role of the Concept of Ṣalāh in the Selection of Surah Ḥamd as the First Revealed Surah
seyed mohamadreza hoseininia mehdi akbarnezhad qmars rajaby

The topic of the first revealed verse and chapter is one of the controversial topics in the field of Quranic sciences. The obligation of prayer at the beginning of the Prophet's mission is one of the strongest indicators, which has been used in the preference of Surah Ḥ More

The topic of the first revealed verse and chapter is one of the controversial topics in the field of Quranic sciences. The obligation of prayer at the beginning of the Prophet's mission is one of the strongest indicators, which has been used in the preference of Surah Ḥamd as the first revealed Surah. In this article, which is organized by the analytical descriptive method, the narrative evidences about the obligation of prayer at the beginning of the mission, and the elemental role of Surah Ḥamd, which formed the content of this concept, are challenged as a pre-established assumption. Therefore, in order to discover the first revelation of the Qurʾan, other evidences and proofs should be sought and another method should be suggested. What is this evidence? And which is this method? The answers to these questions are the approaches of this article. Therefore, in this research, instead of just relying on controversial topics of narration, paying attention to the special characteristics of the Holy Qurʾan; like its textuality and the property of being a book, it is suggested as a valid and reasoned method to measure the validity of the sayings related to the category "Awwala mā Nuzila" (the first thing that was revealed). Manuscript profile

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228 - Investigating Historiography in the Interpretive Traditions of Ahl al-Bayt (as) and Methodical Hermeneutics
somayeh abdollahi zohreh akhavan moghadam Mohammad Reza Aram

The issue of historicity of Qur’an gained so much support that some deconstructive ideas were raised about Qur’an and the Holy Book was even called a man-made text. In studying the interpretational words of the Ahl al-Bayt (as), one can see that enough atten More

The issue of historicity of Qur’an gained so much support that some deconstructive ideas were raised about Qur’an and the Holy Book was even called a man-made text. In studying the interpretational words of the Ahl al-Bayt (as), one can see that enough attention has been given to the issue of historicity so that it can be reconsidered as one of the interpretational principles with roots in the words and deeds of Ahl al-Bayt (as). The current research defines historicity before it uses a descriptive-analytical approach to distinguish between text historicity and understanding historicity in the view of hermeneutists. Then based on what has been said in the words of Ahl al-Bayt (as) about historical approach in understanding the text of the Qur’an, the history of people, history of conditions of revelation and the history of the environment in which Qur’an was revealed can be distinguished. The research then concludes that the Ahl al-Bayt’s way of dealing with historicity was focused on the understanding historicity of the Qur’an and not the text historicity of Holy Book. Making a reference to the words of Ahl al-Bayt (as) which indicate that understanding of Qur’an is beyond the history, the research seeks to further explain and elucidate that view. Manuscript profile

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229 - An introduction to the knowledge of stratification of hadith texts: typology, contexts and methods
mohaddeseh ghaderi ahmad zarezardini yahya Mirhoseini

Researchers in the field of hadith, along with traditional methods, need new and more accurate methods to recover authentic hadith texts and find distortions and additions in hadiths. One of these methods is the layering of texts. In recent decades, this method has been More

Researchers in the field of hadith, along with traditional methods, need new and more accurate methods to recover authentic hadith texts and find distortions and additions in hadiths. One of these methods is the layering of texts. In recent decades, this method has been looked at more seriously. But the void of stratification in the field of hadith sciences is very noticeable. Therefore, the present essay deals with the typology and investigation of the reasons for the emergence of different layers on narrative texts. The current research deals with the rereading of narrative texts in the form of stratification with a descriptive-analytical method. The findings of the research indicate that various reasons, such as the mixed description of the text, the fact that it has two authors, assembling, create multi-layeredness in the texts, and paying attention to the time, language, place and style of expression that governs the text in identifying different layers. can be useful. Manuscript profile

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230 - بررسی اصالت کتاب عبید الله بن علی حلبی
مجید معارف امیر رشیدی

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231 - درآمدی بر فلسفۀ حدیث
احمد زارع زردینی

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232 - Quranic and Hadithic Intertextuality in the 9th Ode of Adibol-Mamalek Farahani
hamidreza jadidi

Intertextuality is a way of criticism in literary explains that no context is original and pure; but every context is a reflection of previous ones. Bakhtin, Julia Kristeva and Gérard Genette are great researchers who worked on interconnection between related wor More

Intertextuality is a way of criticism in literary explains that no context is original and pure; but every context is a reflection of previous ones. Bakhtin, Julia Kristeva and Gérard Genette are great researchers who worked on interconnection between related works of literature. Genette divides intertextuality into three large categories: implicit or explicit; covert or overt; hidden or open. The Holy Quran is the most effective book to create Farsi texts and many poets were influenced by it and by Infallibles’ narratives. About ritual literature, obviously, the results should be clear in order to approach a deeper understanding of poems. Adib al-Mamalek Farahani, the remarkable poet of Constitutional Time, who was quietly familiar with Arabic literature, Quran and Infallibles’ narratives, used these sources especially in his political and social poets. He had poetical picture of Quranic contents sometimes; and offered new examples of misreading. In this article, by analytical-descriptive method and by looking at Gérard Genette’s criticism method, writer tried to summarily express rhymes of Adib al-Mamalek’s ninth ode, inspired by Intertextuality. These rhymes show his complete ability to comprehend Quran’s characters and words, and Infallibles’ narratives; mostly gained explicit way for better stimulus. Manuscript profile

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233 - Experimental Evaluation of Ductility and Load Carrying Capacity in Beam-Column Exterior Joints Enhanced with GFRP Subjected to Cyclic Loading
Alireza mardookhpour

Abstract An experimental investigation of the behavior of retrofitted FRP wrapped exterior beam-column joints under seismic conditions is presented. Also, the experimental study on exterior beam-column joint of a multistory reinforced concrete building under the seismi More

Abstract An experimental investigation of the behavior of retrofitted FRP wrapped exterior beam-column joints under seismic conditions is presented. Also, the experimental study on exterior beam-column joint of a multistory reinforced concrete building under the seismic has been analyzed using ANSYS software. Two specimens were cast and tested to failure during the present investigation. One is control specimen test up to 70% of the ultimate load (without FRP), and another specimen test up to 70% of the ultimate load (with one layer of FRP).The results show that  an increase about 18% has been obtained by retrofitting with FRP sheets in load carrying capacity. Also an increase about 54% has been obtained by retrofitting with FRP sheets in cumulative ductility.  Manuscript profile

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234 - مقایسه‌ی توابع لگاریتم سیگموئید و تانژانت هیپربولیپک در مدل‌سازی استخراج روغن از سیاه دانه به کمک پیش‌تیمار میدان الکتریکی متناوب(PEF)
حبیب الله میرزایی حمید بخش آبادی علیرضا قدس ولی سید مهدی جعفری امان محمد ضیائی فر

10.30495/jfst.2019.541370

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235 - Typology of Women Non-Governmental Organization in some Islamic Countries
Naima Mohmammadi

Abstract Although all members of Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) belong to one religious bloc, but there are meaningful difference between the type, level of their struggle, structure, organizational relations of women organizations of different Muslim countr More

Abstract Although all members of Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) belong to one religious bloc, but there are meaningful difference between the type, level of their struggle, structure, organizational relations of women organizations of different Muslim countries. The present article by using text analysis and inverse questionnaire wants to analyze the speeches and statements of four non-governmental organizations in Turkey ( KA-mer),  Egypt ( Women and Arab Society Association), Saudi Arabia (International Islamic Committee for Women and Child) and Malaysia (All Women’s Action Society) between 2011-2012. These women Organizations are among most important women organizations that struggle for the recognition of Women’s right and identity. The main question raised by the article is “Why the function and performance of women’s organizations in raising their demands are different from one Muslim country to another”? The above question has been examined within the framework of post-colonial feminism (Gayatri Chakravaorty Spivak) and the third generation of Frankfurt School (Axcel Honth). The result of the regression showed 43 per cent of variation in performance of women’s organizations under the influence of different political structure of each country. The finding of the study shows that the performance of women’s organizations in Turkey and Malaysia are similar and the Egyptian women organizations performance resembles with Saudi Arabia.   Manuscript profile

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236 - مطالعه‌ی موردی ترجمه انگلیسی اصطلاحات در کتاب نخل خرما
عبد المجید نصیری مقدم ندا فاتحی راد

10.30495/lct.2021.1938504.1042

پژوهش حاضر با هدف تعیین راهکارهای ترجمه اصطلاحات به زبان انگلیسی در متن ادبی براساس مدل بیکر (1992) انجام شده است. همچنین نشان داده شده که آیا استراتژی های بیکر در سرتا سر ترجمه انگلیسی بطور یکسان بکار رفته اند. مهمتر از همه ، کاستی های ترجمه اصطلاحات ارائه شده است. نمو More

پژوهش حاضر با هدف تعیین راهکارهای ترجمه اصطلاحات به زبان انگلیسی در متن ادبی براساس مدل بیکر (1992) انجام شده است. همچنین نشان داده شده که آیا استراتژی های بیکر در سرتا سر ترجمه انگلیسی بطور یکسان بکار رفته اند. مهمتر از همه ، کاستی های ترجمه اصطلاحات ارائه شده است. نمونه انتخاب شده در این پژوهش، کتاب " نخل خرما" به عنوان متن منبع ازمرادی کرمانی، و ترجمه انگلیسی به عنوان متن مقصد توسط کارولین کروسکلی بوده است. داده ها به صورت توصیفی و کیفی مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفتند و نتایج در قالب جدول و شکل ارائه شدند. پس از تجزیه و تحلیل داده ها ، برخی از کاستی های مهم در ترجمه انگلیسی به عنوان ترجمه بی معنی ، اصطلاحات ترجمه نشده ، اضافه کردن و حذف برخی از کلمات از زبان مقصد مشاهده شده است. علاوه بر این ، تمام استراتژی های اصطلاحات توسط مترجم اعمال شده است، اما هیچ یک از آنها به طور مساوی در ترجمه انگلیسی بکار نرفته اند. بر اساس نتایج بدست آمده ، استراتژی های "ترجمه بازگویی" در بسیاری موارد و مکررا توسط مترجم مورد استفاده قرار گرفته است. این استراتژی بیشتر در روند ترجمه اصطلاحات در مواردی مورد استفاده قرار می گیرد که مترجم نتواند معادل اصطلاحات منبع را پیدا کند. کمترین استراتژی های بکار رفته مربوط به "استفاده از اصطلاح با معنی و شکل مشابه" است که  مترجم تلاش می کند تا یک اصطلاح را در زبان مقصد پیدا کند که معادل آن با زبان مبدا هم از نظر معنا و هم از نظر واژگان است. همانطور که بیکر (1992) اظهار می دارد ، این استراتژی به سختی یافت می شود ، زیرا زبانها در نحوه شناسایی یک مفهوم واحد متفاوت هستند. Manuscript profile

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237 - مقایسه متون سیاسی ترجمه شده و اصل با تأکید بر فرضیه ساده سازی
احمد علی بابایی زهرا صالحی

در این مطالعه فرضیه ساده سازی - به عنوان یکی از ویژگی های عمومی ترجمه – در متون سیاسی ترجمه شده به فارسی و متون اصلی فارسی که قابل قیاس با آن متون میباشند، مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است. متون نامبرده از لحاظ تراکم واژگان، ضریب تعداد کلمات متفاوت در متن و میانگین طول ج More

در این مطالعه فرضیه ساده سازی - به عنوان یکی از ویژگی های عمومی ترجمه – در متون سیاسی ترجمه شده به فارسی و متون اصلی فارسی که قابل قیاس با آن متون میباشند، مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است. متون نامبرده از لحاظ تراکم واژگان، ضریب تعداد کلمات متفاوت در متن و میانگین طول جملات مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. بدین منظور از سه کتاب سیاسی ترجمه شده به فارسی و از سه کتاب سیاسی اصلی به زبان فارسی ، سیصد پاراگراف به طور تصادفی انتخاب و برای هر یک از پاراگراف های انتخاب شده تراکم واژگان، ضریب تعداد کلمات متفاوت در متن و میانگین طول جملات به طور جداگانه با استفاده از نرم افزار AntConc 3.2.0w محاسبه شد. سپس با استفاده از آزمون  T-test ارزش تفاوت میان میانگین اعداد از لحاظ آماری مورد بررسی قرار گرفت.تحلیل داده ها نشان داد که تراکم واژگان و ضریب تعداد کلمات متفاوت در متون سیلسی ترجمه شده بالاتر از متون اصلی می باشد. اما میانگین طول جملات در متون ترجمه شده کمتر از متون اصلی است . یافته های کلی این مطالعه ، اعتبار فرضیه ساده سازی را با نشان دادن اینکه تراکم واژگان و ضریب تعداد کلمات متفاوت در متون سیاسی ترجمه شده ممکن است پایین تر از متون اصلی نباشد، محدود و مورد چالش قرار داد. Manuscript profile

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238 - تأثیر آگاهی از ساختار متن بر مهارت خواندن آموزندگان زبان خارجه در ایران
عزیزه چالاک نسیم صدر

هدف از این تحقیق تعیین تأثیر آموزش ساختار متن، به عنوان یک استراتژی، بر مهارت خواندن آمو زندگان زبان خارجه ایرانی در مقایسه با روش سنتی آموزش مهارت خواندن بود . چهل آموزنده ایرانی با سطح زبان پیشرفته، 23 مرد و 17 زن ، در این مطالعه شرکت کردند . آن ها به دو گروه تقسیم شد More

هدف از این تحقیق تعیین تأثیر آموزش ساختار متن، به عنوان یک استراتژی، بر مهارت خواندن آمو زندگان زبان خارجه ایرانی در مقایسه با روش سنتی آموزش مهارت خواندن بود . چهل آموزنده ایرانی با سطح زبان پیشرفته، 23 مرد و 17 زن ، در این مطالعه شرکت کردند . آن ها به دو گروه تقسیم شدند : 20 نفر در گروه شاهد و 20 نفر در گروه آزمایش . برای انتخاب دانش آموزان پیشر فته که از نظر سطح زبان و دانش ساختار متن دارای اختلاف معنی دار آماری نباشند، هر دو گروه پیش از شروع برنامه به ترتیب توسط تست تعیین سطح آکسفورد، تست آگاهی از ساختار متن و تست خواندن آزمون تافل مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفتند . سپس در طی چهار هفته هر دو گروه مهارت خ واندن زبان خارجه را توسط چهار متن یکسان آموزش دیدند . دانش آموزان در گروه شاهد به طور سنتی آموزش دیدند در حالیکه دان ش آموزان در گروه آزمایش خواندن را توسط آموزش ساختار متن فرا گرفتند . در آخر هفته چهارم دانش آموزان هر دو گروه برای تعیین تأثیر برنامه آموزشی م ورد ارزیابی قرار گرفتند . نتایج این مطالعه نشان داد که با وجودی که هر دو گروه پیشرفت معن ی داری از نظر آماری داشتند، دانش آموزان در گروه آزمایش عملکرد بهتری از خود نشان دادند. Manuscript profile

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239 - تصمیم‌سازی ورود و توسعه دو نوع فناوری HVDC و EHVAC برای ایران با استفاده از الگوریتم تصمیم‌سازی MULTIMOORA
Ali Aranizadeh Mehrzad Kazemi Homayoun Barahmandpour mirpouya mirmozaffari

امروزه جمعیت در مناطق شهری روزبه‌روز در حال افزایش است و نیاز مصرف نیز به همان شدت افزایش می‌یابد. این حجم از مصرف، نیاز به مراکز تولید توان با حجم انبوه را نیز طلب می‌کند که این دو عامل خود موجب گرایش تکنولوژی به سمت سیستم‌های انتقال توان با ظرفیت بالا خواهد شد. در این More

امروزه جمعیت در مناطق شهری روزبه‌روز در حال افزایش است و نیاز مصرف نیز به همان شدت افزایش می‌یابد. این حجم از مصرف، نیاز به مراکز تولید توان با حجم انبوه را نیز طلب می‌کند که این دو عامل خود موجب گرایش تکنولوژی به سمت سیستم‌های انتقال توان با ظرفیت بالا خواهد شد. در این میان دو نوع فناوری انتقال توان الکتریکی HVDC و EHVAC قابل بررسی خواهد بود. منتهی هر یک از این دو نوع فناوری همچنان در کشور ایران استفاده نشده است و برهمین اساس می‌بایست تصمیمی جهت ورود و توسعه هر یک از این فناوری‌ها گرفته شود. همچنین ورود هردوی این فناوری‌ها نیز به-صرفه نخواهد بود. در نتیجه در این مقاله به تصمیم‌گیری در مورد انتخاب ورود و توسعه یکی از دو نوع فناوری HVDC و EHVAC خواهیم پرداخت. برای این منظور ابتدا معیارهای این انتخاب را به تفصیل بیان کرده و سپس با استفاده از الگوریتم تصمیم‌سازی مالتی-مورا، به تصمیم‌گیری نهایی خواهیم رسید. Manuscript profile

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240 - روش RBF بدون شبکه برای حل معادلات خطی و غیر خطی سوبولف
مهران نعمتی محمود شفیعی حمیده ابراهیمی

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241 - استفاده از روش‌های تفاضل متناهی غیر استاندارد برای حل معادله شرودینگر تبدیل شده به ODE
فرنوش ایزدی

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242 - خط مشی سرمایه گذاری جهت ارزیابی زنجیره تامین الکتریسیته: یک حالت مطالعه در صنعت برق
مژگان پورعلیزاده

اتلاف منابع موجود و تاثیرات مضر انتشارات سمی یک نقش اساسی را در ارزیابی پایداری بخشهای انرژی، نیروگاهی، انتقال و توزیع در صنعت برق ایفا میکند. سرمایه گذاری در اختصاص ظرفیتهای متناسب و کنترل دقیق منابع میتواند بطور قابل توجه ای تاثیرات منفی انتشاز گازهای آلاینده و انرژی More

اتلاف منابع موجود و تاثیرات مضر انتشارات سمی یک نقش اساسی را در ارزیابی پایداری بخشهای انرژی، نیروگاهی، انتقال و توزیع در صنعت برق ایفا میکند. سرمایه گذاری در اختصاص ظرفیتهای متناسب و کنترل دقیق منابع میتواند بطور قابل توجه ای تاثیرات منفی انتشاز گازهای آلاینده و انرژی تلف شده را در زنجیره تامین الکتریسیته کاهش دهد. این مقاله یک مدل بر اساس تحلیل پوششی داده ها را جهت ارزیابی پایداری زنجیره تامین بوسیله مدیریت منابع مضر و کنترل گازهای گلخانه ای در بخشهای انرژی، نیروگاهی ، انتقال و توزیع ارایه مینماید. هدف این مطالعه تعیین ناحیه های سرمایه گذاری موثر و محدود در بخشهای زنجیره تامین برای کاهش گازهای آلاینده میباشد در واقع روش ارایه شده ناحیه های موثر در سرمایه گذاری یک زنجیره تامین را از بخشهای غیر موثر مشخص مینماید بطوریکه افزایش سرمایه گذاری در بخشهایی با سطح باللایی از فرصتهای سرمایه گذاری سبب کاهش قابل توجه ای از گاز فلر، گازهای گلخانه ای در بخشهای انرژی و نیروگاهی و مهار تلفات برق در خطوط انتقال و توزیع می شود. نتایج بدست آمده از اجرای مدل ارایه شده نشان می دهند که 60 درصد از زنجیره های تامین دارای یک شبکه توزیع با سطح بالایی از فرصتهای سرمایه گذاری جهت کاهش تلفات برق می باشند. Manuscript profile

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243 - بهبود جواب معادله غیرخطی تعمیم یافته بنجامین بااستفاده از یک روش بدون شبکه توابع پایه ای شعاعی
مهران نعمتی سیده فائزه تیموری

در این مقاله براساس روش توابع پایه ای شعاعی ، معادله دیفرانسیل غیرخطی تعمیم یافته بنجامین حل شده است.برای گسسته سازی قسمت زمانی از تفاضل متناهی و کرانک نیکلسون استفاده کردیم. و قسمت فضایی با استفاده از درونیابی توابع پایه ای شعاعی تقریب زده شده است. در نتیجه یک دستگاه م More

در این مقاله براساس روش توابع پایه ای شعاعی ، معادله دیفرانسیل غیرخطی تعمیم یافته بنجامین حل شده است.برای گسسته سازی قسمت زمانی از تفاضل متناهی و کرانک نیکلسون استفاده کردیم. و قسمت فضایی با استفاده از درونیابی توابع پایه ای شعاعی تقریب زده شده است. در نتیجه یک دستگاه معادلات جبری خطی حاصل می شود که باحل این دستگاه جواب های تقریبی بدست می ایند.در ادامه باحل مثال عددی نشان داده می شود که روش پیشنهادی کارا هست واینکه خطا بهبود یافته است. Manuscript profile

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mojtaba bashardost saeide sajadi

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245 - A Survey of Khaqani's ode of Madaen Porch (Based on the Theory of Intertextuality With an Inter-semiotic, Intra-semiotic Approach)
hamedreza ansari ali eshghi Abolghasem AmirAhmadi

Intertextuality is a much discussed theory in the area of Literary and artistic studies dealing with the relationship of literature / texts with one another ; and inasmuch as the Persian Poetry is one of the texts that has constantly had a profound and inseparable bond More

Intertextuality is a much discussed theory in the area of Literary and artistic studies dealing with the relationship of literature / texts with one another ; and inasmuch as the Persian Poetry is one of the texts that has constantly had a profound and inseparable bond with the antecedent Work in various areas of human thought and idea over its different periods of life, field of inter-textual studies about it is widespread. Khaqani-e Sharvani (b.1141 d.1216) is a great poet of personal style who has benefited from a variety of motifs in his poems, and this matter has turned his poems into an encyclopedia taking on a profound and widespread inter-textual relationship with the diversified past literature. Hence it is, an endeavor has been made so as to consider his well – known and lasting ode of Madaen Porch with attention to the bidirectional nature which it bears to the effect that it has been affected by the non-verbal sign of the majestic edifice of Khosro's arched roof on the one hand, and on the other hand it is affected to some extent by the literary works that  his antecedents have created under the impression of observing this historical and magnificent palace – on the basis of the intertextuality theory while emphasis is being laid on inter-semiotic intertextuality and intra-semiotic intertextuality. Manuscript profile

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اسماعیل آذر

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gholamali iazadi

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248 - Reading of Naser Khosrow's Hermeneutics
Morteza Barati nasrolah emami

  The author of this paper attempts to show the origin of hermeneutics, its definition and the difference between classic and new hermeneutics in the west. This paper also intends to describe hermeneutics in Naser khosrow's poetry and the belief of the poet about t More

  The author of this paper attempts to show the origin of hermeneutics, its definition and the difference between classic and new hermeneutics in the west. This paper also intends to describe hermeneutics in Naser khosrow's poetry and the belief of the poet about this term and also describe who can do hermeneutics. To do this, attempts have been made to use instances from his poetry. Manuscript profile

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ramin khosravi jalal kazazi farhad tahmasbi

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maryam barzegar samira safari

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251 - Literary value (a suggestion in critic)
majid dadfar amin yaghoobi

The current essay is an effort to proffer a critical method based on concrete and measurable criterion. Formalists believe that literary language is a peculiar sort of language that is fore grounded by formal elements. Accordingly, it seems that all elements of this lan More

The current essay is an effort to proffer a critical method based on concrete and measurable criterion. Formalists believe that literary language is a peculiar sort of language that is fore grounded by formal elements. Accordingly, it seems that all elements of this language are recognizable and descriptive. To determine the literariness of a text, initially its formal elements must be designated and ascertained. Then, concerning the alienation of these elements to atomized language, literary value of each element is stipulated in comparison with the others. Subsequently, the total literary levels of the applied elements in the text must be considered as a measure to delimitate literary level of the whole text. Besides the mentioned cases, this critical method suggests subjective and measurable strategies to study a text in three fields: consistency, creativity and variance. Deliberately proposing the text literary value in a sentence or verse, by referential sentences, this method contemplates and ponders these factors: consistency, creativity and variance. Manuscript profile

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عبدالله حسن زاده میرعلی مجتبی دماوندی فاطمه زمانی

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حسینعلی پورمدنی امیرحسین همتی سید محمد راستگو

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mehri behfar roghayyeh sadraei

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mohammad reza haji aghababaei batool vaez

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reza ghanbari

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سید مسعود هاشمی کاسوایی عالیه یوسف فام

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258 - Examining the Views of Employees and Inhabitants of the Village about the Impact Woodcraft the Diversification of the Rural Economy (Case Study: Jowkar District, Malayer County and Hamedan Province)
seyed Hosein Shahed Ebrahim Fathi nia

10.30495/uf.2022.1949779.1022

Today, with the decline in natural resources in rural areas, and also the developments in the modernization of natural and human sector, particularly among the young and educated people, has led to the specifications and different views in the field of employment and in More

Today, with the decline in natural resources in rural areas, and also the developments in the modernization of natural and human sector, particularly among the young and educated people, has led to the specifications and different views in the field of employment and income arise between people. As a result, the capacity crowd of villages reduced and thus the wave of migration to the cities villagers in decades, the problems in the development of villages and towns. because of the existing workshops in the village of 9, which amounted to 150 workshop, study, and by the formula Cochrane with a margin of error of 5 percent of the 17235 people, 380 (people) of the sample volume that were selected to achieve the results of the principles and scientific 190 questionnaire practitioners of the village and 190 questionnaire was full of the village's residents. and stability them by Cronbach's method of 0.890 professionals and 0.935 residents confirmed and data collected by Excel software, gis, spss, and testing T, 5 study includes indicators of employment, income, poverty reduction, the agricultural activities and diversity of economic activities, which have after determining the appropriate for them through questionnaires. research results showed that the formation of wooden industries workshops in the countryside in order to build and strengthen the rural economy and diversify it, from the perspective of in wooden industries and residents of the village is positive and these industries have managed with differences in income index and reduce poverty exists between the two groups have a positive influence on the diversification of the economy have studied villages. Manuscript profile

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259 - .
Asghar Dadbeh Paria Zavareheiyan

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260 - Intertextuality in the critical proofreading of the manuscripts of mystical interpretations of Surah Yusuf case study: Bahr al-Mahabbah fi Asrar al-Mawaddah
mahboobe shamshirgarha

10.30495/noskheh.2022.703583

The concept of intertextuality has a great function in understanding and criticizing mystical texts as well as Proofreading manuscripts. In particular, If the many connections between the mystical interpretations of Surah Yusuf in the interpretations of the middle centu More

The concept of intertextuality has a great function in understanding and criticizing mystical texts as well as Proofreading manuscripts. In particular, If the many connections between the mystical interpretations of Surah Yusuf in the interpretations of the middle centuries are understood, it will have a great impact on correct reading and solving some problems of Proofreading these texts. The existence of a network of earlier and later intertextual relationships in these works, Including the qesse- ye- Joseph, Anis al-Muridin and Rawzah al-Mohebeen, Anis al-Muridin and Shams al-Majalis, Hadaiq al-Haqaiq, as well as Bahr al-Mahabbah fi Asrar al-Mawddah is very strong. So that the effort to understand the meaning in each one with the assumption of independence does not lead to the right result. This article, using the method of content analysis, with the aim of emphasizing the perspective of intertextuality in Proofreading the mystical interpretations of Surah Yusuf, seeks to show how the Manuscript proofreader will be able to understand the text by considering this point of view; so that he can achieve the main goal of proofreading, which is to achieve a text as close as possible to the author's work. In Proofreading Bahr al-Mahabbah as a case study, a comparative study of specific interpretations of Surah Yusuf and understanding the relationship between them led to solving some difficulties. Some if the examples are: Choosing the names of some characters in the story, such as the names of Yusuf's sister and Zulikha and her rival, Manuscript profile

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hossein poursharif reza fahimi manizheh fallahi

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mohammad bagher shahrami shams allah gholami نصرالله پورمحمدی املشی

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ahmad ahmadi lotfeali barghi

10.30495/noskheh.2021.686808

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Anvar Ghodousiyan Ishagh Mirbaloochzahi

10.30495/noskheh.2022.693719

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neda morad

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neda morad

10.30495/noskheh.2022.693720

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267 - Analysis of Intertextual Links between Parvin Etesami's Poems and Hafez's Lyric Poems Based on Genet Transtextual Approach
Parvin Golizadeh Mokhtar Ebrahimi Maryam Ashkani

10.30495/pars.2022.699223

The purpose in this research is to show the influences of Hafez on Parvin Etesami in terms of thought and language. The method of research is based on Gérard Genette’s rather descriptive and analytical, but actually intertextual approach. Intertextuality re More

The purpose in this research is to show the influences of Hafez on Parvin Etesami in terms of thought and language. The method of research is based on Gérard Genette’s rather descriptive and analytical, but actually intertextual approach. Intertextuality relies on discovering influences and effects of texts upon other texts. Based on this approach there are no unique, pure, or all- inclusive texts. All texts are influenced by texts that existed before and will influence other texts in the future and such relation is present in the conversations that exist among texts (Genette). The terminology of intertextuality was first introduced in the late 1960s by Julia Kristeva. Gérard Genette is among theorists that utilized intertextuality in a practical manner and called it transtextuality. Our reading of Parvin’s Qasidahs and Hafez’s Ghazals reveals to us the presence of metatextuality and paratextuality from Genette’s five categories of Intertextuality, Paratextuality, Metatextuality, Hypertextuality, and Architextuality. The relations of metatextuality in some of the poetry by Parvin & Hafez are telling of Parvin’s adherence to cultural and intellectual principles of Persian classical poetry and Hafez’s critical positions on these matters.  Manuscript profile

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abbas ali vafaie seyed mahdi hoseini mir mohammadi

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269 - Comparative study of educational poems attributed to Imam Reza (as) With Saadi Shirazi's educational poems with an intertextual theory approach
Faroogh Nemati Seyedeh Somayeh Mosavi Salem Ayoob Moradi

10.30495/pars.2021.686127

Analysis examines the relationship between a text and other earlier or contemporary texts with an "intertextual" approach. Intertextuality was one of Julia Cristova's innovations, which was later expanded with the research of Gerard Genet and found several sub-branches. More

Analysis examines the relationship between a text and other earlier or contemporary texts with an "intertextual" approach. Intertextuality was one of Julia Cristova's innovations, which was later expanded with the research of Gerard Genet and found several sub-branches. Educational literature seeks to teach moral and educational points in a way that is one of the most important areas of education in the context of the goals of human growth and excellence. Imam Reza (AS), who is the embodiment of the most beautiful and highest moral manifestations, by examining his poems, we find that the poetry of that Imam (AS) is tied to the rules and concepts of teaching and morality. Meanwhile, Saadi Shirazi, whose garden and orchard are the mainstay of all educational literature in the field of ancient Persian poetry, has included many moral-educational themes in his poems. What can be considered in comparing the educational poems of Imam Reza (AS) with the educational themes in Saadi's poems is very similar to these poems; It is as if Saadi, after a few centuries, has repeated the moral messages of that Imam (as) again with other words. In this research, the author tries to use the theory of intertextuality, while emphasizing the educational and moral themes in Imam Reza's (AS) poems, to discuss the similarities and commonalities of Saadi's educational poems with Razavi's poems and pass it on. Educational literature to examine and   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

270 - Intertextuality in Didactic Literature (Qābus-Nāma and the Instructions of Ptah-Hotep; the Oldest Book-for-Offspring in the World)
Saba Jalili jashn abadi sayed mahdi Rahimi

10.30495/pars.2022.689398

One of the topics in text criticism is intertextuality Which refers to the various relationships of texts in terms of form and meaning. It considers the text as a loop in an intertextual chain that is related to the texts before and its contemporaries and the texts afte More

One of the topics in text criticism is intertextuality Which refers to the various relationships of texts in terms of form and meaning. It considers the text as a loop in an intertextual chain that is related to the texts before and its contemporaries and the texts after. In other words, each text has a hidden and explicit connection with its genre, both formally and semantically. Advice to offspring is a sub-Genre of didactic literature that has an ancient history in human civilization. This tradition of advising that relies on the three principles of antiquity, universality, continuity, and repetition, requires intertextual and comparative analysis. According to historical documents, the instructions of Ptah-Hotep is the oldest book-for-offspring in world literature. These instructions date back to 2880 BC in Egypt. in Persian language and literature, Qābus-Nāma is a famous and successful example that shortly after writing, until the end of the Qajar period, was considered and imitated by the authors of texts in Iran. The very ancient place of Instruction of Ptah in the tradition of advice to the son, and the fame of Qābus-Nāma is the main reason for selecting these works. In this research, with an analytical-comparative approach, the extra-textual, hypertext, and intra-textual characteristics of these works were investigated. That have similarities in the type of audience (authors' sons), social status of the authors (Isesis court minister and Prince Ale-Ziār), pride in lineage, having an emotional introduction and an emphatic ending, recommendation to apply the teachings, expressing behavioral advice in the community and family. This achievement shows that there was a common tradition in writing advice for the offspring, which of course varies slightly depending on the type.   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

271 - .Intertextuality of Quran and Hadith in Didactic Poems of Hafiz Based on Literary Theories
Ahmad Khajeim Seyed Mohammad Alavi Moqadam Asadian Mohammadian Moslem Rajabi

. Immortality of didactic poems of Hafiz lies in its irrefrangible relation with Quran and Hadith. He does this usage so artfully that arouses emotions of readers and provokes them to contemplate on these Quranic- Hadith doctrines. He intended to immortalize poems throu More

. Immortality of didactic poems of Hafiz lies in its irrefrangible relation with Quran and Hadith. He does this usage so artfully that arouses emotions of readers and provokes them to contemplate on these Quranic- Hadith doctrines. He intended to immortalize poems through the use of these Hadith and Quranic usages. Since intertexuality, or the theory of interaction of texts, is of most important theories for structural and post structural scholars and it delves into the similarities and differences oftext, in prose and poetry, and literary men should have a good knowledge of contemporary and ancient texts, we try to read poems of Hafiz in the light of intertexuality and its theorists like Bakhtin, Cristova, Barth, Michael Riffaterre, Laurent Jenny. The purpose of this survey is to expound Hafiz’s usages of Quran and Hadiths. His poems have been analyzed in an analytic- descriptive method and in the light of theorists of intertexuality to show the consistent structure of the poems and its musical language, and furthermore, to identify the literary innovations by which he has incorporated Quran and Hadith.  Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

272 - Meaning maker form tensions in Educational texts (a case and formalistic study on Boostan)
Mohsen Botlab

A text is a coherent totality that consists of signs tension based on some relationships. The relationships include conflict and similarity which have become substituted and collocated. Among the texts that have been written to teach and imposed a certain meaning, some More

A text is a coherent totality that consists of signs tension based on some relationships. The relationships include conflict and similarity which have become substituted and collocated. Among the texts that have been written to teach and imposed a certain meaning, some have significant form and prominent tensions. Poetic educational anecdotes are texts that the author of this article has tried to get the most semantic use from tension between form signs namely, rhythm, poetry and narrative. In this study attempts are made to analyze Boostan, as one of the most influential educational texts, through descriptive analytical method and with formalistic approach. using narrative descriptions, time cycles  and internalized time, use of hyper-narrative, reader orientation etc… are the most important meaning making techniques that has led to changes of  this text into a didactic text type and other similar texts. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

273 - The Origins of Power in Saadi's Words
Giti Shirvandehi Fateme Sheikhlovand Mohammad Farahamand Masoud Zebardast

10.30495/pars.2023.704242

In the apparent levels and layers of the text, in a pyramidal structure, Saadi considers the origin of power to be a divine gift that is granted to certain people and is transferred from them to family members. However, text like language is based on the nature of conve More

In the apparent levels and layers of the text, in a pyramidal structure, Saadi considers the origin of power to be a divine gift that is granted to certain people and is transferred from them to family members. However, text like language is based on the nature of conversation, and it is always a place of accumulation of meanings, concepts, and multiple voices. In addition to the author's intention and dominant discourse, many other voices can be heard in it. Therefore, the text provides possibilities for the readers and researchers that go beyond the perception of the dominant discourse. In the first step, this article tries to use the opinions of thinkers such as Mikhail Bakhtin, Roland Barthes, and Paul Ricoeur to show that texts are a combination of sounds, quotations, references, and possibilities that go beyond authorial awareness and provide the context for more recent reading and understanding. Then, it tries to examine Saadi's position in Iranshahri political theory. Finally, it seeks to show, through Michel Foucault's genealogical achievements that power in Saadi's thought and works is not confined to a specific institution or position but flows throughout social relationships and networks.   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

274 - A Study on the comparative inter-texturality didactic doctrines of “orphan tears” (by Parvin Etesian with) " the governor of our city is shameless beggar” (by Anvari)
Roghayeh Sadraie

Today, inter-textuality is referred to literary and linguistic theories. Julia Christo for the first time proposed this term. Then, the theory was developed by Gerald Janet. The inter-texturality theory emphasizes that no work is independently made by the author. In fac More

Today, inter-textuality is referred to literary and linguistic theories. Julia Christo for the first time proposed this term. Then, the theory was developed by Gerald Janet. The inter-texturality theory emphasizes that no work is independently made by the author. In fact, it is affected by previous texts and contemporary thoughts of contemporary literature. Inter-texturality examines the relationship of a text with others texts as a structural method for making literary texts and arriving to effective purpose. The present paper aims at evaluating the moral and social doctrine of Parvin Etesami based on inter-texturality theory. For this purpose, one of the poems of Parvin has been chosen. In this article, the poem of "the orphan tears “by Parvin Etesami with poem of" the governor of our city is shameless beggar " by Anvari was studied, analyzed and contrasted from inter-textuality theory. Manuscript profile

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275 - .
Roghayeh Sadraie Mehri Behfar

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276 - Text Mining and Drawing a Compiled Social Network of the Journal of Studies of Human Settlements Planning (JSHSP) Studies with a Scientometric Approach
H. Barangi

The aim of this study is to review and the meaning, content and statistics analysis and articles status of the Journal of Human Settlements Planning Studies. To achieve this objective, scientometric techniques were used. To collect data and initial analysis, a software More

The aim of this study is to review and the meaning, content and statistics analysis and articles status of the Journal of Human Settlements Planning Studies. To achieve this objective, scientometric techniques were used. To collect data and initial analysis, a software was designed. The population of this study was all articles of this journal which included 328 articles which were published from 2006 to 2016. Analyses included keywords' communicative clustering, drawing a compiled social network, detecting top researchers with regard to synthetic indicators and indicators related to a variety of centrality, identifying the most cited articles, the best researchers in terms of articles count and referral and top universities in terms of the number of articles published. The results showed that the journal's keywords were located in 5 thematic clusters and rural and tourism development were of the most frequent keywords. The journal's titles were located in 8 thematic clusters which clusters of guide plans' effects, social factors planning and tourism study in the rural areas were of the most important issues in the created clusters. In terms of organizational affiliation, the researchers of Islamic Azad University of Rasht have the most number of articles by participating in writing 93 articles and assigning 30%, and by considering the compiled social network, H-INDEX and the most cited researchers, it can be stated that Teimur Amar is considered as the most influential researcher in the Journal of Human Settlements Planning Studies.   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

277 - Career Diversification and its existing Challenges in Sustainable Rural Development from the Perspective of Experts (Case study: Villages of Langruod County)
habib -o - lah rezadoost alireza estelaji Mohammad Sadegh Allahyari majid shareeatpanahi

In most developing countries, the agricultural sector plays an important role in generating income and job opportunities to meet the needs of rural areas. So that the lack of diversity in economic contexts and job opportunities is one of the most important features of t More

In most developing countries, the agricultural sector plays an important role in generating income and job opportunities to meet the needs of rural areas. So that the lack of diversity in economic contexts and job opportunities is one of the most important features of the country's villages. In this regard; the approach of diversifying rural economic activities should be considered as a useful solution. The aim of this study was to identify the challenges of diversification of economic activities in Langroud township . In this study, the Delphi method was used in two stages and 15 experts were purposefully selected to do this research. In order to analyze the most important challenges from the perspective of experts in this article, in the first stage, open-ended questions were used for 16 experts. In the second round, using content analysis of the results of the first stage, the second stage questionnaire was designed using the Likert scale. In this study, a panel of experts identified 113 problems in the development and diversification of rural employment. The results showed that the most important problems were "lack of close relationship between science and knowledge owners with producers and rural business owners, lack of motivation to do agricultural activities, lack of accurate, scientific and classified knowledge of employment-related officials about the concept of diversification in rural communities and lack of stability in the programs and executive policies in the villages of Langroud township" which resulted in a lack of job diversity. Manuscript profile

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278 - Investigation and analyzing the role of urban volumes in memorization and urban identity with an inter textual approach (Case study; Kerman city)
azadeh atashpanjeh mohammad naghizadeh zahra sadat saeedeh zarabadi

Objective: urban volumes, including sculptures and elements in the text of their city,form a layer of city identity and a suitable platform for formation of signs and symbols of urban identity and creation of memorable and social spaces.In recent decades, it seems that More

Objective: urban volumes, including sculptures and elements in the text of their city,form a layer of city identity and a suitable platform for formation of signs and symbols of urban identity and creation of memorable and social spaces.In recent decades, it seems that neglect of some features in creation and use of these works,especially in terms of content and space, has caused problems in the identity of contemporary urban spaces and reduced effectiveness of these works.Purpose is to analyze how urban volumes of Kerman city affect the identity and memory of urban space by examining intertextual references and sources of inspiration and themes of these works.Research method of this paper is researches of logical reasoning and its method is to use reason to explain the relations and comprehend the components of a mental system in a descriptive and analytical form and the intertextual approach is used as a theory in semantic critique and analysis of works of art.Results show that use of social, psychological,cultural and literary works, respectively,had the greatest impact on the design of urban elements and sculptures.Also,turning method of explicit meaning into implication and turning mere statues into meaningful elements and implicit references has strengthened the value and symbolic aspect of works and authentication in higher degrees. Manuscript profile

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279 - تاثیر مزیت نسبی صنایع سه گانه کشاورزی و متنوع سازی صادرات بر ارزش افزوده این صنایع در ایران
افسانه شایسته همایون رنجبر

برنامههای توسعهای کشور بر استراتژی رشد مبتنی بر صادرات تاکید دارد و متنوع سازی صادرات، یکی از سیاستهای مناسب در این زمینه است. یکی از عوامل مؤثر در شناخت توانمندیهای تولیدی و صادراتی یک کشور برای اتخاذ سیاستهای مناسب در آن زمینه، وجود مزیت نسبی More

برنامههای توسعهای کشور بر استراتژی رشد مبتنی بر صادرات تاکید دارد و متنوع سازی صادرات، یکی از سیاستهای مناسب در این زمینه است. یکی از عوامل مؤثر در شناخت توانمندیهای تولیدی و صادراتی یک کشور برای اتخاذ سیاستهای مناسب در آن زمینه، وجود مزیت نسبی در تولید و صادرات کالا بوده و تغییرات ارزش افزوده فعالیتهای صنعتی میتواند توانمندیهای تولیدی و صادراتی کشور و همچنین رشد تولید را نشان دهد. با توجه به اهمیت و ارزش افزوده بخش کشاورزی در کشورهای در حال توسعه، ارزش افزوده و عوامل تاثیرگذار در صنایع سه گانه غذا، چوب و کاغذ مورد مطالعه قرار گرفته است. برای این منظور متغیر مزیت نسبی وزنی صنایع سه گانه کشاورزی و تنوع در این صنایع در طول سال های 1998 تا 2013 با استفاده از داده های پانل در نظر گرفته شده است. نتایج برآورد مدل نشان می دهد که در دوره مورد مطالعه صنایع چوب و کاغذ کمبود مزیت نسبی در تولید و صادرات داشته اند و این متغیر تاثیر منفی بر رشد ارزش افزوده خواهد داشت. متنوع سازی صادرات تنها در صنایع غذایی انجام شده است،  اما این متغیراثر مثبت بر رشد ارزش افزوده صنایع بخش کشاورزی دارد. متغیرهای سرمایه انسانی و سرمایه فیزیکی هم اثر مثبت بالایی بر  ارزش افزوده این صنایع، در بخش کشاورزی دارند. Manuscript profile

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280 - Presenting the organizational image influence model with the human capital approach in Iran's tourism industry
Azadeh Felinia Davood Kia Kojouri Mohammad Javad Taghipourian

This article aims of presenting a model of imagery with the approach of human capital in the Iranian tourism industry is aimed at presenting a pattern of imagery. This research is a developmental and descriptive-non-comprehensive type of research. In the qualitative sec More

This article aims of presenting a model of imagery with the approach of human capital in the Iranian tourism industry is aimed at presenting a pattern of imagery. This research is a developmental and descriptive-non-comprehensive type of research. In the qualitative section, two library and field methods were used to collect data. In the first step, 25 internal and external sources were examined. The textual content analysis of these documents continued to saturation and finally 129 indicators were extracted using textual content analysis as effective factors. Using 15 academic experts in the tourism industry and with the Delphi qualitative technique, 47 were identified as the ultimate in the organizational imaging approach with the human capital approach and in 7 categories of economic, branding, brand quality, regional tourism potential, activities Advertising, job -focused visualization and macro management were incorporated. In the slightly section, with the aim of the ahead of the research; To respond to the exploratory factor analysis questionnaire, 440 experts of the tourism industry were selected as the study community and 205 questionnaires were distributed among the respondents using Cochran formula and then analyzed the research data using the Anp-Dematel technique done. The results showed that the "economic" criterion is the most influential criterion and is the top priority among the criteria. Also, the sub-criterion of "currency acquisition" was placed in the first priority among the sub-criteria. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

281 - Identify the Components of Artificial Intelligence in Iranian Databases
Mohammad Hassan Azimi samira esmaeili

Objective: The purpose of this study was to identify the components of artificial intelligence in Iranian databases and the rate of its use in these databases.Methodology: This research is an applied and has done by documentary and survey method. The statistical populat More

Objective: The purpose of this study was to identify the components of artificial intelligence in Iranian databases and the rate of its use in these databases.Methodology: This research is an applied and has done by documentary and survey method. The statistical population of this research includes 7 internal databases (Normags, Norlib, Magiran, Civilica, Irandoc, ISC and SID). Data collection tools were researcher-made notes and checklists and interviews with experts. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software.Results: The results showed that Irandoc database had the most and Civilica and Magiran databases had the least use of artificial intelligence components. It also has the most used components in databases and components. Components of  "word Disambiguation in text", "name recognition and classification", "image translators", "description" "Image", "Speech to text conversion", "Text to speech conversion", "Audio translators" have had the least use in databases.Conclusion: The results showed that the use of artificial intelligence components in Iranian databases can accelerate and facilitate the processes of processing, storing and retrieving resources in Iranian databases.  Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

282 - Identifying the Thematic Relationships between the Resources Used By the Users of the Regional Science and Technology Information Center Using the Text Mining Technique
Khojasteh Shabani asefe asemi

Objective: The main purpose of the present research was to investigate thematic relationships in the topics of resources used by RICeST users, using text mining techniques. Therefore, it has been attempted to reflect how the thematic relationships are in the information More

Objective: The main purpose of the present research was to investigate thematic relationships in the topics of resources used by RICeST users, using text mining techniques. Therefore, it has been attempted to reflect how the thematic relationships are in the information resources of users in the RICeST Center, in order to gain access to the required materials through understanding the behavior and feelings of users and clients.Methodology: The research method was based on text mining, which refers to data mining on the text, and text analysis in order to extract quality information from the text. Information access to the full text of articles in scientific-research, scientific-promotional journals, collections of scientific conference and conference articles, English and Persian books formed the statistical population of the research, and all the data obtained from the reporting by RICeST were checked using the census method. Data analysis and text analysis was done by Vianet software, and Python software was used to clean and normalize the data.Results: In order to determine the main view of the most used topics by RICeST users, based on the findings from the obtained data, 21 frequent words (used more than 2000 times in the RICeST database in a two-year interval 2018/02/08 – 2020/02/08).Conclusion: the conclusion was based on the fact that the compilation of the research in the collection of electronic resources of information databases and foresight in the future of this category of resources is useful to the managers of information centers and their users. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

283 - Assess the Relevance of the Retrieved Images by the Search Engines Yahoo, Google, PicSearch, and Flickr for optimization of the proposed model
Tahereh Abolghasem Mosalman Esmat Momeni Mohsen Haji Zeanolabedini

Purpose: The aim of this paper is introduction several image search engine and assess the relevance Images retrieved by yahoo, Google, Picsearch and Flickr according recall and precision. So, precede obtained result from four search engine and rate of relevance with sea More

Purpose: The aim of this paper is introduction several image search engine and assess the relevance Images retrieved by yahoo, Google, Picsearch and Flickr according recall and precision. So, precede obtained result from four search engine and rate of relevance with search query. Methodology: Research method was survey and For the purpose of this paper, four search engines such as Google, Yahoo, Picsearch and flickr were studied directly through the method observation. The logic of words chosen was Boolean. This search was done in three steps. First, terminology had been chosen based on logic operation in the search engine being mentioned urinary search and then the results of the search with regard to the need information research and phrase search comparison and the number of corresponding pictures in the twenty first and clear at the end of the formula by using the amount of relevant the results. Findings: finding showed that search engine Yahoo with 32.235 the amount of recall and 53.75 the amount of precision, Google with 14.80 the amount of recall and 41.25 the amount of precision, Picsearch with 12.81 the amount of recall and 26.25 the amount of precision and Flickrwith 40.14 the amount of recall and 41.25 the amount of precision retrieval. Conclusion: The results evaluation revealed that Search engines retrieve different results in Precision and recall in Persian. Yahoo has the maximum amount precision in retrieved image. The study suggested a framework on how to expand the image retrieval capabilities of existing search engines based on text and context. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

284 - Evaluation of Awareness and use University of Medical Sciences Librarians of full-text database available in the home page of the Central Library of the university in 1390
Shohreh Seyyed Hosseini Mohammad javad alemokhtar Fatemeh Anari

Purpose: This research aimed to investigate the awareness and the usage of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences librarians who used the existing full-text databases in the homepage of the central library website. This study tried to find the problems and barriers whic More

Purpose: This research aimed to investigate the awareness and the usage of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences librarians who used the existing full-text databases in the homepage of the central library website. This study tried to find the problems and barriers which resulted in the difficulties in using these databases as well as providing some new approaches to disseminate more and more information to the end users by librarians. Methodology: Survey method, with applied approach, was used as a research method. The population was all employed librarians of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences libraries. Researcher-made questionnaire was used as a data-collecting tool and SPSS 16.0 used to analyze data. Central and scatter index statistics has been used to answer the research questions. Findings: The findings showed that the average scores of the librarians’ familiarity with full text electronic databases was 51.52 (Std Deviation=26.4). T-test indicates that there was not any significant difference between the awareness score and the sexuality as well as the usability score and the sexuality; but there was a significant difference between the awareness score and the rate of the usability of full text databases. Also the spearman correlation showed that there was a direct significant difference between the education levels of the librarians and their awareness, familiarity and usability scores. In this case, Elsevier had the highest rank among English databases. Conclusion: The results showed that the rate of the awareness and the usage of the existing full-text databases by Isfahan University of Medical Sciences was more than average. It can be seen that the librarians’ sexuality didn’t have any impact on their awareness and usages but there was a significant difference between their academic disciplines and their usages and awareness. The highest rate of the awareness and usages belonged to the domestic databases. It can be concluded that there was a positive relationship between the periods of awareness of librarians toward these databases and their usages. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

285 - Study Skills of faculty members of Boroujerd Azad University in recognition of differences and the use of electronic citation databases and full text digital library
Shahram Shahbazi Mohammad jafar Mahdian Masomeh Mahdian

Objective: This study examined to determine the amount of university faculty members skills of distinguishing the differences and the amount of electronic information resources, including citation databases and full-text access to these resources in Azad Boroujerd Unive More

Objective: This study examined to determine the amount of university faculty members skills of distinguishing the differences and the amount of electronic information resources, including citation databases and full-text access to these resources in Azad Boroujerd University. Methodology: The Methodology was descriptive survey research and statistical population of faculty full-time university of  Boroujerd were 63people. Stratified random sample of Morgan 53 was chosen. Information gathering tool was a questionnaire with validity 0/88 and reliability 0/83 respectively. The data analysis consisted of descriptive statistics and inferential statistics of Xi 2 and T-test . Findings: Meaningful survey of test results in T was larger than the critical value indicated in Table (54/7) percent of the faculty of the differences in resource recovery and full-text documents database did not have enough information. Conclusion: The faculty members’ skills  in understanding and use of Boroujerd Azad University including citation databases and full text level was weak. Manuscript profile

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286 - خلاف آمد (پارادوکس) نامی نو بر صنعتی کهن
مهرانگیز اوحدی

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287 - روابط بینامتنی آفرین نامه و بوستان
فرهاد طهماسبی فهیمه سعادتی

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288 - بررسی نظری پاسخ حسگر زیستی نانوذرات طلا و نقره بر پایه تشدید پلاسمون سطحی
نسیم رضازاده تلوکلائی طیبه قدس الهی

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289 - اثرمفهوم سازی و تحلیل متن به عنوان راهکارهای تفکر انتقادی بر درک مطلب فراگیرندگان ایرانی زبان انگلیسی سطح متوسط با لحاظ جنسیت: الگوی تفکر انتقادی الدر و پل
سرور پروین نژاد Valeh Valipour رامین رحیمی

10.30495/ttlt.2023.705435

نقش راهکارهای مختلف تفکر انتقادی در خواندن متن منجر به مطالعات قابل توجهی شده است. این مطالعه ترکیبی با هدف بررسی تأثیرات راهکارهای تحلیل و مفهوم‌سازی تفکر انتقادی پیشنهاد شده توسط الدر و پل (2009)، بر مهارت‌های درک مطلب، و همچنین بررسی ادراک زبان‌آموزان زبان انگلیسی در More

نقش راهکارهای مختلف تفکر انتقادی در خواندن متن منجر به مطالعات قابل توجهی شده است. این مطالعه ترکیبی با هدف بررسی تأثیرات راهکارهای تحلیل و مفهوم‌سازی تفکر انتقادی پیشنهاد شده توسط الدر و پل (2009)، بر مهارت‌های درک مطلب، و همچنین بررسی ادراک زبان‌آموزان زبان انگلیسی در سطح متوسط با توجه به جنسیت انجام شده است. بدین منظور 60 زبان آموز مونث ومذکر در محدوده سنی 25 تا 38 سال از مجموع 120 زبان آموز با استفاده از آزمون کمبریج C2 (CPE) در مؤسسه پویندگان چالوس انتخاب شدند. سپس به‌طور تصادفی در دو گروه آزمایشی برای استفاده از راهکار مفهوم‌سازی، دو گروه آزمایشی برای اجرای راهکار تحلیل متن و دو گروه شاهد برای دریافت روش مرسوم آموزش درک مطلب در مؤسسه قرار گرفتند. سپس آزمون استعداد تحصیلی (SAT) به عنوان پیش آزمون قبل از آموزش هشت هفته ای اجرا شد. پس از استفاده از شیوه های پیشنهادی، پس‌آزمون همراه با مصاحبه نیمه ساختاریافته با 12 فراگیر منتخب اجرا شد. داده های کمی با استفاده از آزمون تحلیل واریانس یک طرفه و آزمون تی جفتی مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفت. نتایج نشان داد که اجرای متغیر مستقل تأثیر معنی‌داری بر بهبود درک مطلب داشتند. نتایج کیفی همچنین نشان داد که فراگیران دیدگاه های مثبتی نسبت به آموزش راهکارهای تفکر انتقادی اتخاذ کردند. با این حال، جنسیت نقش مهمی در استفاده از راهکارهای تفکر انتقادی در درک مطلب نداشت. پیامدهای مطالعه در پایان مقاله مورد بحث قرار گرفت. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

290 - ترجمه و ایدئولوژی: ترجمه انگلیسی کتاب سرنوشت پرینوش صنیعی
Nahid Fakhrshafaie

10.30495/ttlt.2023.2000324.2413

ترجمه همواره تحت تأثیر ایدئولوژی بوده است. کتاب سرنوشت اثر پرینوش صنیعی نمونه ای بارز از این مقوله است. این کتاب به 26 زبان ترجمه شده است و یکی از 75 ترجمه برجسته ادبیات جهان امروز در سال 2013 است. نسخه ایتالیایی نیز جایزه بوکاچو 2010 را برای صنیعی به ارمغان آورد. پژوهش More

ترجمه همواره تحت تأثیر ایدئولوژی بوده است. کتاب سرنوشت اثر پرینوش صنیعی نمونه ای بارز از این مقوله است. این کتاب به 26 زبان ترجمه شده است و یکی از 75 ترجمه برجسته ادبیات جهان امروز در سال 2013 است. نسخه ایتالیایی نیز جایزه بوکاچو 2010 را برای صنیعی به ارمغان آورد. پژوهش حاضر به عنوان یک پژوهش کیفی کتابخانه ای، تلاش می‌کند به این سؤال پاسخ دهد که چرا کتابی که در زبان مبدأ فاقد ارزش ادبی است، چنین استقبال و محبوبیتی در زبان مقصد پیدا می‌کند؟ با وجود تغییراتی که مترجم در متن اصلی برای بهبود آن ایجاد می کند، ترجمه همچنان دارای نقاط ضعف متن اصلی است: شخصیت ها اغراق آمیز، احساساتی و کلیشه ای هستند. علاوه بر این، روایت قهرمان داستان از شرایط اجتماعی در یک دوره  بحرانی تاریخ ایران به شدت تک بعدی و سطحی است. این مطالعه نتیجه می گیرد که موفقیت این رمان به عنوان یک کتاب پرفروش در بسیاری از کشورهای غربی به این دلیل است که رمان تصویر کلیشه ای غربی از شرق و شرقی ها  را تأیید و بازتولید می کند. در این تصویر کلیشه ای از شرق، قهرمان زن داستان فرشته گون است و پدر و برادران بی رحم او به صورت شخصیت های اهریمنی به تصویر کشیده شده اند. بنابراین، خواننده غربی رمانی با رمانی مواجه می شود  که  تکرار گفتمان  غربی در مورد شرق و شرقی ها است.     Manuscript profile

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291 - بررسی خطاهای نهان و آشکار در ترجمه ماشینی متون دانشگاهی بر اساس مدل ارزشیابی کیفیت ترجمه هوس 2015
Mohammad Iman Askari Adnan Satariyan Mahsa Ranjbar

10.30495/ttlt.2021.683477

مطالعه حاضر تلاش نموده تا با استفاده از مدل ارزشیابی کیفیت ترجمه هوس 2015 به تحلیل برخی از موارد ترجمه شده فارسی به انگلیسی توسط مترجم انسانی و ترجمه ماشینی  بپردازد. بر اساس مدل ارزشیابی کیفیت ترجمه هوس 2015  و  عناصر موجود دراین مدل، محققین برخی از متون More

مطالعه حاضر تلاش نموده تا با استفاده از مدل ارزشیابی کیفیت ترجمه هوس 2015 به تحلیل برخی از موارد ترجمه شده فارسی به انگلیسی توسط مترجم انسانی و ترجمه ماشینی  بپردازد. بر اساس مدل ارزشیابی کیفیت ترجمه هوس 2015  و  عناصر موجود دراین مدل، محققین برخی از متون ترجمه شده از زبان فارسی توسط مترجم انسانی را به عنوان داده های مورد نیاز جهت استفاده در ترجمه ماشینی گوگل انتحاب نموده اند. متون به زبان فارسی، ترجمه متون مبدأ توسط مترجم انسانی و ترجمه متون توسط ترجمه ماشینی گوگل در جداول جداگانه ارائه شده اند. پس از آن نسبت به شناسایی و مقایسه خطاهای ترجمه و عدم تطابق آنها با انجام قیاس متون ارائه شده توسط مترجم انسانی و ترجمه ماشینی انجام پذیرفته است. اگرچه که با در نظر گرفتن موضوع مترجمان انسانی، بین متون مبدا و مقصد مطابقت لازم وجود دارد، اما با انجام قیاس میان ترجمه های انسانی و ماشینی، خطاهای آشکار و پنهانی مشخص شدند. نتایج تحلیل خطا بیانگر این موضوع بود که که کیفیت خروجی ترجمه ارائه شده توسط ترجمه ماشینی گوگل منجر به سوء برداشت در معنی می شود. بنابراین ، لازم است که در ترجمه متون دانشگاهی توسط ماشین به لزوم  مداخلات انسانی توجه شود چراکه این متون ممکن است در سطح جهانی با طیف وسیعی از مخاطبان استفاده شوند. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

292 - روایی و هویت سازی: ازمنظر تحلیل چهارچوب (نگاهی بر ترجمه مفاهیم شرق شناسی و هویت ادوارد سعید در دهه 90 در ایران با تاکید بر پیرامتن)
Anahita Amirshojai Hussein Mollanazar

10.30495/ttlt.2024.709390

برداشت هرفرد از واقعیت متفاوت است و مترجم در مقام کنشگر اجتماعی از این امر مستثنی نمی‌باشد. واقعیت‌سازی به نوعی با هویت‌سازی در ارتباط است. در تمایز میان تفکر روایی و گفتمان روایی، پرسش اصلی این است: روایت چگونه به عنوان ابزار ذهنی در ساخت واقعیت و به تبع آن هویت عمل می More

برداشت هرفرد از واقعیت متفاوت است و مترجم در مقام کنشگر اجتماعی از این امر مستثنی نمی‌باشد. واقعیت‌سازی به نوعی با هویت‌سازی در ارتباط است. در تمایز میان تفکر روایی و گفتمان روایی، پرسش اصلی این است: روایت چگونه به عنوان ابزار ذهنی در ساخت واقعیت و به تبع آن هویت عمل می‌کند. همانند بحث زبان-اندیشه، پرداختن به گفتمان روایی و تفکر روایی آسان نیست، زیرا واقعیت در ذهن، به چارچوب زمانی- مکانی فرهنگ مورد نظر بستگی دارد. این پژوهش بینارشته‌ای برآن است براساس تحلیل چهارچوب نشان دهد چگونه جامعه به مثابه چهارچوب فرهنگی، مترجم یا سایر عاملان را به بازروایت متن و ساخت هویت نویسنده وا می‌دارد، و چرا این هویت‌سازی در پیرامتن بارزتر خواهد بود. پس از پرداختن به مفاهیم هویت روایی، دیگری سازی، و تحلیل چهارچوب جهت تبیین ماهیت ناهمگن پیرامتن در تبیین کنش عاملان در ترجمه، به تحلیل پیرامتن (مقدمه مترجم و نویسنده: ترجمه شرق شناسی ادوارد سعید) می‌پردازد تا نشان دهد در دهه 90 در ایران مفاهیم شرق شناسی چگونه معرفی و هویت نویسنده چگونه شکل گرفته و نقش ساختار و عاملیت چه بوده است. در راستای عینیت بخشی به این چهارچوب فلسفی، مدلی ترکیبی برگرفته از مولفه‌های روایی سومرز (هویت روایی ریکور) و چهارچوب گافمن پیشنهاد می دهد که با سه مولفه هویت‌سازی در ترجمه نمود می‌یابد. درنهایت اذعان می‌دارد پیرامتن نوعی فراگفتمان ترجمه‌‌ای است که در هویت‌سازی، و نمایان ساختن هنجارهای جامعه یا عاملیت مترجم کارآمد می‌باشد و هویت‌ها از طریق باز روایی در پیرامتن و تاسی از دوگانگی ساختار/کارگزار پدید می آیند. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

293 - ترجمه و ایدئولوژی: مورد ترجمه انگلیسی کتاب سرنوشت پرینوش صنیعی
Nahid Fakhrshafaie

10.30495/ttlt.2024.709400

ترجمه همواره تحت تأثیر ایدئولوژی بوده است. کتاب سرنوشت اثر پرینوش صنیعی نمونه ای بارز از این مقوله است. این کتاب به 26 زبان ترجمه شده است و یکی از 75 ترجمه برجسته ادبیات جهان امروز در سال 2013 است. نسخه ایتالیایی نیز جایزه بوکاچو 2010 را برای صنیعی به ارمغان آورد. پژوهش More

ترجمه همواره تحت تأثیر ایدئولوژی بوده است. کتاب سرنوشت اثر پرینوش صنیعی نمونه ای بارز از این مقوله است. این کتاب به 26 زبان ترجمه شده است و یکی از 75 ترجمه برجسته ادبیات جهان امروز در سال 2013 است. نسخه ایتالیایی نیز جایزه بوکاچو 2010 را برای صنیعی به ارمغان آورد. پژوهش حاضر به عنوان یک پژوهش کیفی کتابخانه ای، تلاش می‌کند به این سؤال پاسخ دهد که چرا کتابی که در زبان مبدأ فاقد ارزش ادبی است، این چنین استقبال و محبوبیت زیادی در زبان مقصد پیدا می‌کند؟ با وجود تغییراتی که مترجم در متن اصلی برای بهبود آن ایجاد می کند، ترجمه همچنان دارای نقاط ضعف متن اصلی است: شخصیت ها اغراق آمیز، احساساتی و کلیشه ای هستند. علاوه بر این، روایات قهرمان داستان از زندگی اجتماعی به تصویر کشیده شده در دوره اقلیمی تاریخ ایران به شدت تک بعدی و سطحی هستند. این مطالعه نتیجه می گیرد که موفقیت این رمان به عنوان یک کتاب پرفروش در بسیاری از کشورهای غربی به این دلیل است که تصویر کلیشه ای غربی از شرق و شرقی را تأیید و احیا می کند. در این تصویر کلیشه ای از شرق، قهرمان داستان آنجلیک است و پدر و برادران بی رحم او به عنوان شخصیت های اهریمنی بازنمایی می شوند. بنابراین، خواننده غربی رمانی را می یابد که مفهوم غربی شرق و شرقی را بازیابی می کند. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

294 - Dialogue or Power of Text Jāmi's Understanding of Ibn al-Fārid's Wine-Poems (Khamriyyat)
Seyyed Hossein Seyyedi Saeedeh Momayyezi

Audience-centric views provide new approaches to the study of literary texts, especially old ones. Horizon and circumstances of a contemporary reader are different from those of an old text author. A reader will be able to study an old text well when considering differe More

Audience-centric views provide new approaches to the study of literary texts, especially old ones. Horizon and circumstances of a contemporary reader are different from those of an old text author. A reader will be able to study an old text well when considering different interpretations of it. The main question of the present research is whether contextuality and individuality can influence one's perception of a subject. Affection and emotion are two major elements of wine-poems (khamriyyat) of Ibn al-Fārid. Abd ar-Rahmān Jāmi has addressed these two issues in Ibn al-Fārid's poetry and has revived his poetry. By using descriptive-analytical method, the essay tries to examine Jāmi's views on Ibn al-Fārid's poetry. Coherence is a characteristic of Ibn al-Fārid's poems. In his poems, we move from wine-drinking to eternal intoxication. To understand the concept of wine, one must study all of his poems. But in Jāmi's poetry, we cannot find this consistency, and every single bit of his poetry can be studied alone.   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

295 - Love in Sefat al-āšeqīn and Abhar al- āšeqīn: An Intertextuality Approach
Ebrāhim Ebrāhimtabār Jamshid Najaf

Abhar al-ā&scaron;qīn is a collection of Rūzbahān Baqalī &Scaron;īrāzī’s thoughts about love. Because of the great importance of this mystical treatise in Persian literature, it has had great influence on its later works including masnavi of Sefat al- ā&scaron;qīn More

Abhar al-ā&scaron;qīn is a collection of Rūzbahān Baqalī &Scaron;īrāzī’s thoughts about love. Because of the great importance of this mystical treatise in Persian literature, it has had great influence on its later works including masnavi of Sefat al- ā&scaron;qīn, composed by Helali Joghtaei. Since these two books have a lot of similarities in content and subject matter, they can be studied based on Genette's Intertextuality theory that suggests three types of "explicitly deliberate", "hidden-deliberate," and "implicit" links between texts. The findings of the present research show that many themes related to love, such as eternality and the mutuality of love and its obstacles are presented in both books. The intertextuality relationship between them shows that Sefat al- ā&scaron;qīn is not a mere imitation of Abhar al- ā&scaron;qīn without any creativity. By using descriptive-analytic method, the present article tries to show the common themes about love in both books. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

296 - The Traces of Myths in Atash Bedune Dood (Fire without Smoke); A Review Based on Gerard Genette's Intertextuality Theory
Royā Novin Hamidrezā Farzi Ali Dehghān

Myth is one of the significant elements in the structure and content of the contemporary stories. One of Persian contemporary stories, influenced by myths, is Nader Ebrahimi's Atash Bedune Dood (Fire Without Smoke). By using descriptive-analytical method and library sou More

Myth is one of the significant elements in the structure and content of the contemporary stories. One of Persian contemporary stories, influenced by myths, is Nader Ebrahimi's Atash Bedune Dood (Fire Without Smoke). By using descriptive-analytical method and library sources and based on Gerard Genette's intertextuality theory, the present article attempts to identify the traces of myths in the story. The authors assume that Ebrahimi has consciously used mythological elements in the structure and content of his work and has established intertextual relationships. He has been influenced by mythological and epic texts, especially Shāhnāmeh. Mythological and epic stories, including Rostam and Sohrab, Fereydun, Siavash, Banu Goshasp, as well as mythological themes, such as the sanctity of tree and transformation of hero into plant have played a role in shaping the story. Based on Genette’s five subtypes of transtextuality - intertextuality, paratextuality, architextuality, metatextuality and hypotextuality - these subjects have been explored in the article. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

297 - Intertextual Relationships in the Story of Khalil and Its Iranian Roots
Zeinab Sādeghi Sahlābād Mahboobeh Mobāsheri

In the present study we examine the hereditary and intertextual relationships in Khalil, a short novel written by Leonid Leonov, Russian author of the 20th century. The story is influenced by Iranian mystical and classical literature and has been created with Oriental a More

In the present study we examine the hereditary and intertextual relationships in Khalil, a short novel written by Leonid Leonov, Russian author of the 20th century. The story is influenced by Iranian mystical and classical literature and has been created with Oriental and Iranian tone. So, we take into account the concept of intertextuality and examine the impact of texts on each other. The prototype of the hero of the story (Khalil) is one of the kings of the Timurid era, and the chronotope (spatio-temporal) pattern of the story relates to ancient Iran. The Oriental atmosphere of the story is conveyed to the reader through the use of a large number of Persian words and a language style similar to Iranian works. Also, the main character of the story has characteristics similar to those of Iranian literary heroes. In terms of content and structure, there are semantic and structural connections between mystical, mythical, and folk narratives and the story. Its themes and contents have been adapted from various anecdotes, and each of them has influenced part of the story. In the end, by using descriptive-analytical method, we show how successful Leonov is in creating a special story with a multi-dimensional discourse combined with Eastern narrative traditions. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

298 - Hypertextuality and The Reconstruction of Mythological Characters of Orpheus and Eurydice in Amélie Nothomb's Mercure
Fātemeh-sādāt Tabātabāie Karim Hayāti Ashtiāni

  One of the postmodern features of Amelie Nothomb's novels is the use of myths, most notably the myth of Orpheus and Eurydice in Mercure. Nothomb draws inspiration from the myth, makes major changes to it and rewrites it with her feminist perspective. Contrary to More

  One of the postmodern features of Amelie Nothomb's novels is the use of myths, most notably the myth of Orpheus and Eurydice in Mercure. Nothomb draws inspiration from the myth, makes major changes to it and rewrites it with her feminist perspective. Contrary to the myth of Orpheus and Eurydice, in Mercure, woman has priority over man and has the last word. In this research, by using analytical-comparative method, we describe these changes and the techniques used and show that the communication system that connects the novel to the myth is hypertextuality. We also try to explain in detail the main mythemes that make up the image of Eurydice, the duality of female characters, the duality of the structure of the novel, as well as the reversal of the roles. The characters of Adele and Azel take different paths and present two different images of Eurydice. In fact, these changes are due to the independence and ambiguity of the novel's female character through the process of duality in the image of Eurydice, and cause the author to present a new version of the myth of Orpheus and Eurydice, in which woman is superior to man.   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

299 - An Intertextual Reading of Two Stories from Masnavi Manavi and Decameron
AFSANEH SAADATI Hasan Yazdanpanah

10.30495/mmlq.2023.702448

One method of gaining a deep understanding of texts is through examining the interactions between different works. Authors are often influenced by each other's writings, whether intentionally or unintentionally. The focus of the essay is to explore the intertextual read More

One method of gaining a deep understanding of texts is through examining the interactions between different works. Authors are often influenced by each other's writings, whether intentionally or unintentionally. The focus of the essay is to explore the intertextual reading of two stories: "The Sufi Who Caught His Wife with a Strange Man" from Masnavi Manavi, and the second story from Day Seven of Decameron ("Peronella Hideth a Lover of Hers in a Vat, Upon Her Husband's Unlooked for Return") through the lens of Genet's theory of transtextuality. These two stories share similarities in themes such as unfaithfulness, betrayal, enjoying life, women's cunning, and the fear of scandal. The present research adopts an analytical-comparative approach to compare these two classic works and highlight their commonalities and differences. The research findings suggest that Boccaccio recreated a story from Masnavi Manavi in a remarkable manner within his own tales. The study not only establishes a favorable foundation for comparative analysis but also paves the way for further exploration of Rumi's works. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

300 - Symbolic Codes in Mantiq-ut-Tayr of Attar Neishapour (The Reading of the Story of the Traveler Birds and Joseph's Brothers)
Mohammadhadi Fallahi Masoumeh Golestaneh

10.30495/mmlq.2021.682680

In the present research, using Roland Barthes’ symbolic codes, a part of the story of the journey of the birds from Attar's Mantiq-ut-Tayr (The Conference of the Birds) is examined. According to Barthes's semiotic theory, unlike the constructivist schools, the mai More

In the present research, using Roland Barthes’ symbolic codes, a part of the story of the journey of the birds from Attar's Mantiq-ut-Tayr (The Conference of the Birds) is examined. According to Barthes's semiotic theory, unlike the constructivist schools, the main role in creating the meaning of literary texts is played by the reader, not the writer. Many classical literary works create conditions for the reader to understand only one meaning, or rather the only meaning of the story, but works such as Mantiq-ut-Tayr constantly postpone the semantic implication and ask the reader to think creatively and create meaning. Mantiq-ut-Tayr uses a variety of symbols and has a collection of intertwined symbolic codes, and therefore does not impose a definite and final meaning on the reader. In the present article, the five codes (hermeneutic, proairetic, symbolic, cultural and semantic) are identified in Manṭiq-uṭ-Ṭayr by using analytical-descriptive method. The results show that the five codes have been used throughout the book, and so it is a written text, and the reader is not bound by the meanings imposed by the poet, but in a step-by-step process he/she creates multiple meanings. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

301 - Hypertextuality in the Selected Anecdotes of Asrar Nama; An Analysis
zeinab rezapour Maryam Zamani

10.30495/mmlq.2022.694065

Examining the interaction between texts is one of the ways to know texts accurately; hypertextuality is an approach to text reading that shows relationships between texts in a systematic way. Most of the anecdotes of Asrar Nama (composed by Attār of Nishapur) have their More

Examining the interaction between texts is one of the ways to know texts accurately; hypertextuality is an approach to text reading that shows relationships between texts in a systematic way. Most of the anecdotes of Asrar Nama (composed by Attār of Nishapur) have their roots in previous works, but they have been changed and reproduced in this book very thoughtfully and purposefully. By using analytical-comparative method and based on Gérard Genette’s theory of hypertextuality, the present article attempts to investigate the relationship between the Asrar Nama and its subtexts. The findings of the research show that Attar uses subtexts in the form of explicit and implicit intertextual relationship in order to validate the narrative and confirm the content. The most type of hypertextual relationship between Asrar Nama and its subtexts is trigonomy or homogeneity in a quantitative transformation and pragmatic transformation methods. Processes such as transformation of motivation, transformation of value, qualitative transformation, amplification, expansion, cutting and summarizing the text lead to change the discourse of the stories, to highlight the content, to add fictional elements, to turn the text from a report mode into a narrative mode, to devalue or value the characters of the anecdotes and to adjust the goals in the Attār's narration. Hypertextuality in Asrar Nama is interpretive; it has played an effective role in explaining Attar's mystical views, expanding the themes, and symbolizing the anecdotes that are monosemantically and superficially narrated in the sources of Asrar Nama.  Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

302 - The Analysis of the Verses and Narrations of the First Book of Masnavi Manavi Based on Harold Bloom's Theory of Creative Misprision
alieh youseffam Masoume Kazemi Nezhad

10.30495/mmlq.2022.1945922.2922

Creative misprision is a theory proposed by Harold Bloom based on intertextuality and the relationships between literary texts and their influence on each other. The theory posits that there is always a conflict between poets and writers of the past and the succeeding o More

Creative misprision is a theory proposed by Harold Bloom based on intertextuality and the relationships between literary texts and their influence on each other. The theory posits that there is always a conflict between poets and writers of the past and the succeeding ones. In his most important work, The Anxiety of Influence, Bloom emphasizes the two-way but hostile relationship between new writers and past ones. To get rid of the anxiety of influence of the past texts, poets and writers use methods through creative misprision to create new works in an attempt to show their own superiority to their predecessors. In the present research, we analyze the transformations that Jalāl al-Din Rūmi has applied in order to get rid of the anxiety of the influence of past texts , and to study the role of Bloom's creative misprision in Masnavi by using analytical-comparative method. The findings show that Rumi's creative method in the creation of stories and anecdotes to get rid of the influence of past texts is an instance of the creative misprision. For this purpose, he has employed a variety of techniques such as association, using educational, religious and philosophical themes, changing the elements of the stories, and symbolism.  Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

303 - Intertextual Interaction between Qaboosname & Quotations of Sufis Based on Gerard Genette’s Theory
Ebrahim Danesh Faramarz Jalalat

10.30495/mmlq.2023.708208

Qaboosname is one of the prominent works of Persian didactic literature. It is considered a central text among Persian literary works due to its formal attractiveness and thematic variety. This book had an undeniable intertextual role in the evolution of the Persian tex More

Qaboosname is one of the prominent works of Persian didactic literature. It is considered a central text among Persian literary works due to its formal attractiveness and thematic variety. This book had an undeniable intertextual role in the evolution of the Persian textual galaxy in getting, developing, and transferring religious, social, and educational teachings. Wise quotations and pieces of educational advice are some of the valuable heritage that reached Qabooname to remarkable Persian works after it. Analyzing intertextual relations between Qaboosname and quotations of Sufis can explain the share of mysticism in Onsorolma’ali’s educational system and make us familiar with the amount and the way of intertextual application of Qaboosname and its intellectual references. It also can help us to reach a better understanding of the book and its related texts. This paper in a descriptive and analytical way has concluded that the high frequency of implicit and explicit intertextuality indicates that Qaboosname has a high level of literariness and aestheticism. The high amount of educational topics such as social, and religious issues and the necessity of linguistic and behavioral politeness signifies that social interactions are important in Onsorolma’ali’s view and intellectual framework of Sufism. Paying attention to the quotations and behaviors of the first-class Sufis of Islamic mysticism indicates that Onsorolma’ali had a firm belief in getting educational teachings from basic Sources of this movement. Manuscript profile

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304 - The Influence of Intertextuality in the Novel 'Suvashun' on Audience Engagement During Reading
Esmaeel BANIARDALAN Shahrokh Amirian Doost

Genetic intertextuality is a well-known form of intertextuality. From a genetic point of view, intertextual relationships in texts can be distinguished into two types: real (strong) and single-layer (weak). True intertextuality is only achieved when the connection betwe More

Genetic intertextuality is a well-known form of intertextuality. From a genetic point of view, intertextual relationships in texts can be distinguished into two types: real (strong) and single-layer (weak). True intertextuality is only achieved when the connection between two texts transcends mere lexical and formal similarities, indicating a strong intertextual bond. Through genetic intertextuality, a thorough exploration of textual relationships at various levels—both formal and thematic—proves essential in identifying the type, nature, and intensity of intertextuality. Furthermore, Roland Barthes employs a genetic intertextual interpretation to enhance the reader's experience and interaction with the text. He posits that texts can be viewed as either "readings" where the audience plays a passive role or "writings" where the audience actively engages. Barthes contends that leveraging these two forms of intertextuality is pivotal in decoding the text effectively. This qualitative study employs a comparative analytical approach to analyze data. The findings underscore the significant impact of a strong intertextual relationship in transforming the novel, "Suvashun," into a narrative that captivates the reader's passive engagement. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

305 - The Function of Myth in the Poems of SohrābSepehri
Shamsolhājiyeh Ardalāni Ardalāni

One of the ways for recognizing the culture, thoughts and beliefs of a nation is studying her myths. The origins of some rites and cults which are useful in the life of contemporary man are rooted in the myths as well. Some modern writers and/or poets use myths for rela More

One of the ways for recognizing the culture, thoughts and beliefs of a nation is studying her myths. The origins of some rites and cults which are useful in the life of contemporary man are rooted in the myths as well. Some modern writers and/or poets use myths for relating a message; and by doing so, they enrich their works. In the present article, the attempt has been made to show the function of myth in the works of Sohrāb Sepehri employing descriptive-analytical method. Considering the origin of man as subject that is beyond the social themes, Sepehri uses an ontological approach and goes to the world of myths. He rejects the tyranny of the times and skill fully shows the conditions of his society by comparing it to the myths. Sepehri's poems demonstrate rebelling against the history of his times and show the desires and material and spiritual needs of contemporary man. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

306 - Welcome toHades and the Myth of Persephone: A Comparative Analysis Based on Theory of Intertextuality
Afsane Hasan zade dastjerdi

Sometimes, the writers of literary texts utilize some characters from the other texts, stories and even the whole plot. One of main recourses of stories is myths that have been reflected in rites, beliefs and fables in different forms. The Greek myth of Persephone and h More

Sometimes, the writers of literary texts utilize some characters from the other texts, stories and even the whole plot. One of main recourses of stories is myths that have been reflected in rites, beliefs and fables in different forms. The Greek myth of Persephone and her journey to the kingdom of Hades, the god of underworld, a myth about death and resurrection, is one of them. The main character of the novel, Welcome to Hades, by Belgheis Soleimani, travels like Persephone and after experiencing the events finally reaches the underworld. By using analytic method the present article attempt to explore the role and method of presence and recreation of the myth of Persephone in the novel, Welcome to Hades, with respect to Julia Kristeva’s theory of intertextuality and the ideas of Bakhtin about the logic of dialogue of texts and intertextual relationship in literary texts. The results of the research show that the myths of Persephone and Hades are a pretext for the novel Welcome to Hades and have influenced the structure and characters of the novel. By this way the hidden dimensions of the novel can be understood better. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

307 - Paradoxical Expressions in Hāfiz’s Ghazals
فرشید وزیله

  One of the most prominent characteristics of Hāfiz’s poetry is his use of paradoxical expressions. A paradoxical poem artistically relates two opposite or unlike things in some way. The present article, by taking into consideration the definition of parad More

  One of the most prominent characteristics of Hāfiz’s poetry is his use of paradoxical expressions. A paradoxical poem artistically relates two opposite or unlike things in some way. The present article, by taking into consideration the definition of paradox and its relation with the concepts of amphiboly, oxymoron and defamiliarization, tries to examine the paradox in Hāfiz’s ghazals.         Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

308 - Reason in Shahnameh and Pre-Islamic Iranian Texts Based on Text Linguistics
Mahdi Rezaee seyed hashem khatami

In Shahnameh, one of the basic concepts and motifs is rationality. Undoubtedly, Shahnameh is influenced by Zoroastrian and Avestan ideas through pre-Islamic resources, Abu-Mansuri's Shahnameh, Khodāy-Nāme-hā (Books of Kings) and Mobads’ (Zoroastrian clerics) oral More

In Shahnameh, one of the basic concepts and motifs is rationality. Undoubtedly, Shahnameh is influenced by Zoroastrian and Avestan ideas through pre-Islamic resources, Abu-Mansuri's Shahnameh, Khodāy-Nāme-hā (Books of Kings) and Mobads’ (Zoroastrian clerics) oral reports. Also, one should not forget the role of contemporary social and intellectual trends in Ferdowsi’s time. In the present article, by using text linguistics, we try to compare Shahnameh and pre-Islamic Iranian texts based on the relationship of parts of a speech with one another in syntagmatic chains. The results show that the main parts of rationality discussed in Shahnameh are influenced by pre-Islamic Iranian texts but some parts are results of Ferdowsi’s genius. Also, there are some aspects of rationality that have not been expressed in Shahnameh but are in the center of attention of pre-Islamic Iranian texts.This case somehow shows the specialty of Ferdowsi's rationalism anddetermines that it isn’t imitated from a source or reference.   Manuscript profile

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309 - Mythical-Intertextual Analysis of Heyrani; Based on Julia Kristeva's Theory of Abjection
Fātemeh Zamāni

Julia Kristeva has developed new approaches to analyzing texts by focusing on the theory of intertextuality and based on linguistics and psychology. According to the theory of abjection, derived from the post-structuralist ideas of Kristeva, literary creator, as a spoke More

Julia Kristeva has developed new approaches to analyzing texts by focusing on the theory of intertextuality and based on linguistics and psychology. According to the theory of abjection, derived from the post-structuralist ideas of Kristeva, literary creator, as a spokesperson, becomes estranged from abjects and offers solutions, including taking refuge in myths andarchetypes, to purify himself/herself and his/her community. In the present article, Heirani (Astonishment), a novel by Mohammd Ail Sajjadi, is analyzed based on the theory of abjection. The results show that the author has considered the archetypes, like water, anima, immortality, mountain and the number of seven as well as the mythical characters such as Siavash, Bahrām, Mehr and the sacred cow in order to get rid of individual and social abjects. In this regard, the novel has a mystical-intertextual relationship with the Shāhnāmeh and the story of Siavash. Manuscript profile

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310 - Nostalgia in the Poems of Hāfez
Najmeh Nazarī Maryam Shāhedī

Nostalgia, as a psychological term, has been put forward in Persian literature from way back and has an especial place in lyrical poetry. By using descriptive-analytical method the present research is to study the different aspects of nostalgia in personal, politico-soc More

Nostalgia, as a psychological term, has been put forward in Persian literature from way back and has an especial place in lyrical poetry. By using descriptive-analytical method the present research is to study the different aspects of nostalgia in personal, politico-social and mystical levels in Hāfez poetry. In the history of Iran, the era of Hafez was a critical situation, so the influences of abnormal politico-social events in his poems are distinct. Many of  nostalgic cases in the poems of Hāfez are rooted in political and social backgrounds  of his period.  His mystical thoughts about eternity and the fall of man to the terrestrial globe are connected to the nostalgia of sepreation; a distinct view which is worthy of study. On the other hand, we can find the contrary cases in his poems, cases like joy, fighting with sadness, hope to future, resignation to God and submission to Him. These were the methods which helped him to keep his serenity and peace in spite of  the discouraging circumstances of the age.  Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

311 - The Causes of Disruption in Composing Masnavi Manavi
mahbuobe hemmatiyan

  One of the most controversial sections of Masnavi Manavi is the opening verses of   Book II that about them different views of the interpretation have been suggested. In these verses, Jalāl al-Din Rūmi speaks implicitly of the causes of disruption in c More

  One of the most controversial sections of Masnavi Manavi is the opening verses of   Book II that about them different views of the interpretation have been suggested. In these verses, Jalāl al-Din Rūmi speaks implicitly of the causes of disruption in composing Masnavi Manavi. Also, the commentators of Masnavi Manavi have spoken about this very disruption and analyzed these verses. The present article attempts to propose new ideas about the causes of this disruption. To do this, we consider the prose prefaces of Masnavi and compare them with the final verses of the Book I, the first verses of Book II and Book III. The results indicates that on the one hand, the reason of the delay is due to the mood of the poet and on the hand it is due to the mood which the audiences were and the content of circumstances in general. As the present research is based on interpretation of the text, we believe that this article explains the cause of delay of composing the Book III and the period of inactivity better. Manuscript profile

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312 - Intertextual Relationship between Sawāneh Ol-'Oshshāq & Abhar al-'Āshiqin
منصوره مختاری محبوبه مباشری قدم علی سرامی

Sawāneh Ol-'Oshshāq, a treatise by Ahmad Ghazālī (c. 1061–1123 or 1126), and Abhar al-'Āshiqin, another treatise by Ruzbihan Baqli Shirazi (d. 1209), have common points in mode of expression, language usage and content. The simultaneous and intertextual reading ca More

Sawāneh Ol-'Oshshāq, a treatise by Ahmad Ghazālī (c. 1061–1123 or 1126), and Abhar al-'Āshiqin, another treatise by Ruzbihan Baqli Shirazi (d. 1209), have common points in mode of expression, language usage and content. The simultaneous and intertextual reading can lead to change our views about these texts and acquaint us with their common features and special features of their own. Based on Gérard Genette’s ideas, the intertextual reading of the texts reveals that the Abhar al-'Ashiqin is, explicitly and implicitly, influenced by Sawāneh Ol-'Oshshāq in selecting words, terms and proper names and allusions to Quranic verses, Tradition (hadith), and mystical stories and terms. Their intertextual relationship is much deeper and extensive than direct influence and adaptation which may appear. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

313 - A content analysis of the iran,s first grade literature textbooks
Mohammad Noorian

Textbooks incorporate texts, illustrations, and exercises that are devised to achieve the objectives of textbook. This research studied the interrelation of the text, illustrations, and exercises of Literature textbooks and their micro-objectives. Findings indicated tha More

Textbooks incorporate texts, illustrations, and exercises that are devised to achieve the objectives of textbook. This research studied the interrelation of the text, illustrations, and exercises of Literature textbooks and their micro-objectives. Findings indicated that 25.7% of lesson micro-objectives were without text, 43.1% were without illustrations, and 14.7% were without exercises. Hence, half of the micro-objectives of program don’t correspend with the theoretical model of learning reading and writing, which can cause problems in education .     Manuscript profile

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314 - H
شهریار براهویی علیرضا سایبانی باقر شاملو

10.30495/alr.2021.685030

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Open Access Article

315 - Investigating the mystical positions "Sabr" and "Reza" in four works Dastour al-Juhumor, Awarif al-Maarif, Manazel Al-Saerin, and Al-Sawad and Al-Bayaz, relying on Gerard Genet's intertextuality
elham ghanavatimohammadghasemi ahmad khiyali khatibi ali asghar halabi

Intertextuality is the production of text through interaction with the texts of its predecessors or contemporaries, the participation of those texts in the desired text is done explicitly, implicitly, and implicitly from one text to another. Gérard Genet is one of the More

Intertextuality is the production of text through interaction with the texts of its predecessors or contemporaries, the participation of those texts in the desired text is done explicitly, implicitly, and implicitly from one text to another. Gérard Genet is one of the most prominent researchers in the field of intertextuality, who focuses most of his studies on the nature of narrative discourse. With this point of view, the two books Manazel al-Saerin Ansari, Awarif al-Maarif Sohravardi in the pretext position and Sheikh Kharqani's Dastour al- Jumhour have been evaluated as the posttext.In this article, an attempt has been made to analyze the mystical views of these four works with the descriptive analytical method, around the two mystical positions of "Sabr" and "Reza" in order to reveal the dominant mystical aspect of their personality. From the examination of his views, it was concluded that Ibn Kharqani is very interested in practical trust, patience in hardships, and contentment with God's destiny, and his thoughts were implicitly influenced by his previous works. Manuscript profile

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316 - Analysis of intertextual theory in the field of Arabic literary criticism, translations provided from it and introduction of elders in this Field
sajad arabi hamidreza gholami

The concept of intertextuality was introduced in 1982 by Siza Qasim in an article called “Paradoxical view in contemporary Arabic stories” in the discourse of  contemporary Arabic criticism. This theory was accom pained by different reactions from Arab More

The concept of intertextuality was introduced in 1982 by Siza Qasim in an article called “Paradoxical view in contemporary Arabic stories” in the discourse of  contemporary Arabic criticism. This theory was accom pained by different reactions from Arab critics and they have provided different translation of it, and have different views and same have theorized about this and they raised view that had hot been raised in this field until then.In the present study, an attempt is made to study and analyze intertextual theory in the field of Arabic literary criticism by descriptive-analytical method, and to examine the most important efforts and works of authors in this field in the Arab world. The results show that the efforts of contemporary Arab critics on intertextuality have taken two trends so far which are: The first is to refer to the field of ancient criticism and adapt this theory to the critical heritage, and the second is to suffice with the new form of intertextual theory without referring to the ancient heritage of literary criticism.Contemporary Arab critics have made great strides in both practical and theoretical terms, Their efforts and achievements in this field and other new theories show this. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

317 - Analaysis of short story A city like heaven of Simin Daneshvar
Mahvash Ghavimi Shahrzad Lajevardi

“A City like heaven” is the name of one of short stories of a collection written by Simin Daneshvar. In this article, writers have tried to study and analyze this story by structural criticism , using the theories of great structuralists and narratologists a More

“A City like heaven” is the name of one of short stories of a collection written by Simin Daneshvar. In this article, writers have tried to study and analyze this story by structural criticism , using the theories of great structuralists and narratologists as Vladimir Propp, Tzvetan Todorov, Gerard Genette and Northrop Frye, which are concentrating on the narrative aspects of literary texts. Therefore incipit, cloture, paratextual materials and plot of the story will be reviewed. Moreover, the tricks used by author to make the reader stay and fallow the story with enthusiasm will be discussed, and  the words and meaning domain for reaching the main themes of the story, considering the cultural and social aspects and social image of a woman which  the author is making in the reader’s mind, will be remarked. Women as narrators or interlocutors deprived of civil rights in real life reflect their sweet dreams and also social and cultural difficulties with which they are constantly struggling, in the heroine of the story by narration. Manuscript profile

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318 - A Study of the manifestations of metamorphosis in Gholam Hossein Sa'edi’s Works with respect to Gérard Genette's Theory of Hypertextuality
elahe feizimoghadam Mohammad Aref Mohammadreza Sharifzadeh

The purpose of this article is the hypertextuality study of manifestations of metamorphosis in Gholam-Hossein Sa'edi's works according to Gérard Genette's theory of hypertextuality. This theory is one of the five types of Genette's theory of transtextuality which More

The purpose of this article is the hypertextuality study of manifestations of metamorphosis in Gholam-Hossein Sa'edi's works according to Gérard Genette's theory of hypertextuality. This theory is one of the five types of Genette's theory of transtextuality which concentrates on inspiration, derivation and effectiveness of the hypotext on the hypertext. Besides, this theory includes two basic types, imitation and transformation. Metamorphosis is considered as one of the most remarkable elements in myths, folk tales, and legends. Based on this process, unexpected and gradual changes demonstrate themselves in the appearance and sometimes in the conscience of the creatures and they transform from one form to another while displaying different performances. Moreover, sometimes they can appear in the combined structure of humans, animals, plants, and objects. Literature is the origin of presence of these manifestations and they have had mutual effects on each other over the time. The mutual impressiveness and effectiveness provide an opportunity to study them with respect to the theory of hypertextuality especially by considering contemporary literatute as the target resources which fewer researchers have focused on it. The results of the study demonstrate that the manifestations of the metamorphosis exist in thirteen stories, one novel, six plays, and three screenplays written by Gholam-Hossein Sa'edi. In this article, based on the descriptive-analytical method, these manifestations were classified and determined in three different groups and then they were studied based on a qualitative content analysis. At the end, impressiveness of these manifistations in Gholam-Hossein Sa'edi's works from ancient literature and folk tales has been studied according to the hypertextuality theoretical framework. The results represent that Gholam-Hossein Sa'edi sometimes has used these manifestations with direct and indirect influence of ancient and religious narratives and folk tales (hypotext) in his works (hypertext), however, in most of the time, he has used his creativity and imagination to make these manifestations in favor of progress of the story. Manuscript profile

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319 - Ravandi influence of Shahnameh and Ravandi serve to correct Shahnameh in Rahat Alsdvr
Yadollah BAhmani Motlagh

Ravandi renowned historian and scholar transport the sixth and early seventh century with 594 bits of Shahnameh in Rahat - Alsdvr that all practical wisdom and writing a lot on weight and tone poems of Shahnameh in addition to proving his great epic , Ferdowsi's devotio More

Ravandi renowned historian and scholar transport the sixth and early seventh century with 594 bits of Shahnameh in Rahat - Alsdvr that all practical wisdom and writing a lot on weight and tone poems of Shahnameh in addition to proving his great epic , Ferdowsi's devotion and interest ,because of the proximity of the development of all copies of the Shahnameh Shahnameh and Rahat Alsdvr that is closer to him , indirectly, to correct the Shahnameh has great service . As we know one of the ways to correct texts in order to counter the effect on other versions of a text with moveable lines close to the time of the poet's works . Shahkar‌Hay Shahnameh is one of the great Persian poet ever noticed that most of the writers , historians and poets have quoted many verses from it. In view of the plurality of movable lines Shahnameh and Ferdowsi Ravandi Rahat Alsdvr and coincidence, in this paper to examine personal lines and then the correction value of print-authentic way to deal with the Shahnameh and copies of them will be discussed. The results show that, firstly, all the verses cited in legal and ethical issues that our certainty about the use of the author of notes and entries already made, the more, Secondly, in the midst of this there are cases that lines of all extant copies Available Shahnameh is preferable. So it seems to be Shahnameh correct editors have special attention to this valuable work. Manuscript profile

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320 - The comparative study of body language in poetry of Saadi and Mutanabbi
Ali Reza Bagher

Although people talk to express their ideas, it is not the only way to do it, and they represent the majority of their ideas through their body movements and postures. This is called body language (Motion) now, and Kinesics (a modern branch of linguistics) is devoted to More

Although people talk to express their ideas, it is not the only way to do it, and they represent the majority of their ideas through their body movements and postures. This is called body language (Motion) now, and Kinesics (a modern branch of linguistics) is devoted to studying it. Expressing these movements in poetry or prose makes the work rich and consistent using imagination and depiction; therefore, studying it will be useful in literary texts. The present paper has studied the body movement(Motion) comparatively in poetries by Saadi and Mutanabbi, the two talented poets. Both poets are so eminent and high in rank that they can be regarded as the best Persian and Arabic representatives respectively. Thus, such comparisons contribute greatly to the richness of comparative studies of Persian and Arabic literature. This paper clearly concluded that Saadi also in this ground in quantity and quality had been much premier than Mutanabbi  and  this poesy form of Saadi again is seems stronger than him. Manuscript profile

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321 - An analytical deliberation on the fact of the matter of distance between` Poet` and `Narrator` in poeticaltexts On the base of some poetic examples from Hafiz and Shamlou`s poems.
Parvin Salajegheh

This essay is an analytical deliberation on the fact of the matter between ‘Poet` and `Narrator` in poetic texts and has two sections:TheoreticalandFunctional .In theoretical part, According to contemporary theorist`s approach, for instance:Jakobson, Scholes, Bakh More

This essay is an analytical deliberation on the fact of the matter between ‘Poet` and `Narrator` in poetic texts and has two sections:TheoreticalandFunctional .In theoretical part, According to contemporary theorist`s approach, for instance:Jakobson, Scholes, Bakhtine, Genette and new critiques, during discussion about theory of being a distance between narrator and poet as a person at the moment of creating poem, the fact of the matter of presence of them has been analyzed.In the functional section, some samples from Hafiz`s odds and Shamluo`s poems have beenselected and analyzed according to the theoretical discussion in the first section of this essay. Also,during analyzing of subjects in this essay, the differenceof narrator`s song and poet`s song, and the fact of the matter of the sound power of them has been considered.Although, in this essay according to necessity of circumstance of analysis of narrator`s song` has been refer to another discussions like personal presence and absenceof the second person. Although, paying attention to discuss about the fact of the matter of the second kinds, needs another discussion. Therefore, the main focus is on the separation of ‘narrator’ and ‘poet’ in poetry in this essay. Manuscript profile

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322 - تحلیلی بر عناصر شبه زبانی در آثار نمایشی
فرناز ساسانی

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323 - An Analysis of export diversification effects on economic growth in Iran after revolution
Abbas Meamarnejad Ghodratollah Emamverdi Afsaneh Shayesteh

The relation between export growth and economic growth has been controversial among economist and policy makers during several last decades. In this study, we introduce a model to test export diversification and economic growth, in Iran after revolution (1980-2005). The More

The relation between export growth and economic growth has been controversial among economist and policy makers during several last decades. In this study, we introduce a model to test export diversification and economic growth, in Iran after revolution (1980-2005). The findings show that non-oil export has increased and diversified during the three last decades. The export diversification index for some goods has lead to higher export growth. So export diversification especially in non-oil good's has contributed to economic growth. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

324 - Data mining of Iranian stock market by modeling complex network filtering based on MST
Hadi Esmaeilpour Moghadam

10.30495/fed.2023.700134

Abstract One of the most important problems in modern finance is finding efficient ways to summarize and visualize stock market data. Modeling the filtering of complex networks in the stock market allows this to be achieved by reducing the market size, obtaining reliab More

Abstract One of the most important problems in modern finance is finding efficient ways to summarize and visualize stock market data. Modeling the filtering of complex networks in the stock market allows this to be achieved by reducing the market size, obtaining reliable information with less disturbance. Since stock price changes are not independent of each other, the study of the correlation between stock price changes provides a better understanding of market performance for investors. Stock market analysis based on complex networks allows studying the correlation of stock prices. In this paper, using the stock market data in the Tehran Stock Exchange, the Iranian stock market network is created by the threshold method, and then the network filtering is based on MST. The results show that the filtration modeling of Iran's stock market network based on the MST can form a subset of the stock market that follows the performance of the entire market with a significant reduction in size and has a similar degree of diversification with the entire market. These analyzes provide a more in-depth insight into the structure of the stock market while reducing the size. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

325 - Iran and Saudi Security Deconstruction Controversy (2001-2014)
Reza Simbar

Security Struggle between Iran and Saudi in the Middle East rather than by competing national interests of both countries will be affected by the symptoms it is linguistics competition.Two Governments seek to dominate the Islam world through the lens of their own knowle More

Security Struggle between Iran and Saudi in the Middle East rather than by competing national interests of both countries will be affected by the symptoms it is linguistics competition.Two Governments seek to dominate the Islam world through the lens of their own knowledge.Due to fundamental differences in the Linguistic symptoms competition and conflict between the two countries' bilateral not lessened but rather highly developed forms of militant groups affiliated.Syria crisis , the battle between the Lebanese Hezbollah group and Dash (ISIL) in Syria, clashes in Iraq's Sunni and Shiite sectarian militias, sectarian clashes in Lebanon's internal governance of the crisis, some Persian Gulf countries including Bahrain Syndrome battle hardened ideological foundations of linguistics in the Middle East. n other hand, Noting that the two countries' foreign policy will be strictly limited to the ideological foundation of linguistic elements thatPossibility of a quick solution to control terrorism in the Middle East region is subdued in the short term.With these qualities you should look at the struggle of the foreign policy of Saudi Arabia and Iran, the will power to develop different forms of fundamentalism text to see both sides to the terror leader is.Thus, what is needed in part to linguistic analysts of international relations in the Middle East conflicts and problems to simply consider issues not such as the balance of power? Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

326 - استعاره ابزاری برای ترسیم انگاره دشمن
تژا میر فخرایی

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Open Access Article

327 - Application of Text Mining Techniques in Analyzing the Topic Flow of Papers Published in Iranian Accounting Journals
Mostafa Ghannad Mohammad Arabmazar Yazdi Mohammad Hossein Safarzadeh Bandari Reza HesarZadeh

10.30495/faar.2023.702103

AbstractObjective: The advancement of postgraduate education and the substantial rise in the publication of papers in all fields of knowledge, particularly in the field of accounting, require closer attention to the current publication situation of scholarly papers. Stu More

AbstractObjective: The advancement of postgraduate education and the substantial rise in the publication of papers in all fields of knowledge, particularly in the field of accounting, require closer attention to the current publication situation of scholarly papers. Studying the research trend through the topic analysis of papers published in domestic scholarly journals, which is an example of the scientific map of a field, is of outstanding importance for organizations, researchers, and science policymakers. Therefore, the present study is aimed at analyzing the papers published in the journals approved by the Ministry of Science, Research and Technology in the field of accounting from the first issue published after receiving scientific rank until the end of 2020 employing text mining techniques.Methods: Out of 4924 papers published in 20 accounting journals over three decades, 4201 papers whose English abstracts were available on the websites of journals and databases were selected as the sample and used for subject classification.To identify the most important words used in the papers, TF-IDF weighting algorithm was used, and the LDA topic modeling technique was implemented to extract topics. Moreover, the Python programming language was employed to apply text mining algorithms.Results: The research findings indicate that capital market (29%), financial accounting (20%), corporate governance (10%), financial reporting and corporate social responsibility (9%), management accounting (9%), auditing (8%), finance and investment (7%), public sector accounting (3%), accounting education and research (3%), banking and information systems (2%) are respectively the most important research areas in Iranian accounting journals.Reviewing the publication trend of papers in each of the popular research areas suggests that the topics of public sector accounting, auditing, financial reporting and corporate social responsibility, management accounting, banking and information systems, and accounting education and research follow a growing publication trend. In contrast, the topics of financial accounting, capital market, and finance and investment show a downward publication trend, and the topic of corporate governance continues a steady publication trend.Conclusion: The results reveal that some research areas such as accounting information systems, public sector accounting, and accounting education and research, compared to other research areas, have been given less attention since not many attempts have been made to publish papers in these areas; thus, it is suggested that scholars pay more careful attention to journals’ science and publishing policies. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

328 - Effectiveness of Internal Controls on Disclosure in the Text of Financial Statements
Gholamreza Kordestani Seyed Mohsen Mohammadi Nasab

10.30495/faar.2023.699781

Abstract Risk disclosure is important. The study of factors affecting risk disclosure and the effect of risk disclosure on firm performance in the risk disclosure literature has been considered. Effective internal controls can drive the level of risk disclosure in the More

Abstract Risk disclosure is important. The study of factors affecting risk disclosure and the effect of risk disclosure on firm performance in the risk disclosure literature has been considered. Effective internal controls can drive the level of risk disclosure in the text of financial statements. This issue has been considered in this research. To answer the research question on how the effectiveness of internal controls affects risk disclosure, the data of 114 companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange were analyzed. The findings show that companies with weak internal control systems report lower levels of textual risk disclosure than companies with effective internal controls. The results also show that the periodic repetition of the weakness of internal controls and its public dissemination leads to the disclosure of a higher level of risk by managers. Based on the research findings, it can be concluded that auditors' attention to the internal controls weakness and strengthening the structure of internal controls of the company can improve further risk disclosure. Overall, the results of the research fill the existing research gap in the field of the importance of disclosing internal control weaknesses and the usefulness of the independent auditor's attention to the effectiveness of internal controls and managing risk-based textual disclosure. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

329 - Investigate the effectiveness of gold coin dealing to hedge the risk of stock price volatility
Soheila Hoghooghi Mohammad Ebrahim Aghababaei

Investors often aim to reduce the risks associated with traditional assets such as investing in equities. The risk of stock price volatility is one of the concerns that always active investors are trying to manage it. Therefore, this research tries to investigate the ef More

Investors often aim to reduce the risks associated with traditional assets such as investing in equities. The risk of stock price volatility is one of the concerns that always active investors are trying to manage it. Therefore, this research tries to investigate the effectiveness of the hedging stock price volatility methods and its diversification using the gold coin futures. In this study, using monthly data on stock index returns and gold coin future returns between 2008 and 2018, we compare the result’s effectiveness of dynamic hedge ratios using multivariate generalized auto- regressive heteroskedasticity (BEKK-GARCH) and recursive ordinary least square (OLS) methods. The results indicate that the use of the gold coin future is suitable instrument to hedging stock portfolio and the multivariate GARCH method is more effective than the rolling regression method in 5 conditional effectiveness indices, including percentage reduction in variance, percentage reduction in semi-variance, percentage reduction in hedged losses, percentage increase in portfolio excess returns and percentage increase in positive returns. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

330 - A Comparative Study on the Factors of Lexical and Syntactic Cohesion in Compositions of Grade Three and Five Primary School Students’ of Shahryar in order to Offer an Appropriate Instructional Method
farzaneh farzei fatemeh mottaghi pour maryam taherzadeh

The present study adopted Halliday’s (1976) approach strived to compare factors of lexical and syntactic cohesion in compositions of grade three and five primary school students. The study was based on the descriptive-analytical approach. The research questions we More

The present study adopted Halliday’s (1976) approach strived to compare factors of lexical and syntactic cohesion in compositions of grade three and five primary school students. The study was based on the descriptive-analytical approach. The research questions were a) development of which syntactic tool causes increased cohesion in grade five students’ compositions compared with those of third graders? And b) why fifth graders compositions enjoy lexical cohesion more than third graders? The purpose of the study was to determine writing progress of grade five students in comparison with grade three students. The population included two sets of students’ compositions. The data were qualitatively analyzed through syntactic and lexical analysis of individual sentences. The findings indicate that fifth graders used more syntactic and lexical factors. It was concluded that their richer lexical and syntactic repertoire caused them to outdo their grade three counterparts. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

331 - The Impact of Corporate Strategy on Capital Structure in Tehran Stock Exchange
Fraydoon Rahnamay Roodposhti Anahita Zandi

10.30495/afi.2020.682065

The impact of corporate strategy decisions on capital structure has attracted researchers and managers for decades, though these decisions have so far yielded complex and uncertain results. While previous studies have focused on the effective effects of a single strateg More

The impact of corporate strategy decisions on capital structure has attracted researchers and managers for decades, though these decisions have so far yielded complex and uncertain results. While previous studies have focused on the effective effects of a single strategy at one point in time, this study attempts to provide an overview of the impact of strategic decisions on capital structure. According to the hierarchical strategy theory, there are three effective strategies, namely external activity, diversification and integration (integration), at the company level. This study was conducted using the annual data of listed companies in Tehran Stock Exchange during the period 2013-2019. By screening, 152 companies were identified as the sample of the study. Multivariate linear regression based on panel data was used to test the research hypotheses. The results of empirical evidence show that the aforementioned strategies influence the structure of corporate capital simultaneously and independently. Integration and external activity are inversely related to debt ratio, whereas diversification is directly related to debt ratio. The findings of this study contribute to the richness of the work on capital structure / strategy and help more academics and managers understand the impact of strategy on firm capital structureKeywords: Capital structure, corporate strategy, integration, diversification, External activity Manuscript profile

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332 - Factors to identify the financial effect in the social security organization's performance evaluation system with a textual analytical approach
Hossein Ahmadi Khatir Mojtaba Tabari Mohammadreza Bagherzadeh

10.30495/afi.2023.1982170.1206

Objective: During the last decade, many organizations have realized that they lack a performance evaluation system through which their priorities and goals can be communicated to employees and their improvement can be pursued. The purpose of this research is to identify More

Objective: During the last decade, many organizations have realized that they lack a performance evaluation system through which their priorities and goals can be communicated to employees and their improvement can be pursued. The purpose of this research is to identify the effective financial factors in the performance evaluation system of the social security organization with the textual content analysis approach, which is in the field of applied research.Research Methodology: The statistical population of upstream documents and records and articles and theses related to this field, which consisted of 12 Persian articles and 13 Latin articles. The sampling method is snowball and the method of collecting information is library and the research method is textual content analysis. Most of the qualitative methodologists, instead of using the words validity and reliability, which are fundamentally rooted in the quantitative paradigm in terms of philosophical foundations, use the criterion of reliability or reliability to refer to the evaluation of the quality of qualitative results. In this research, the strategies of ensuring trustworthiness, acceptability, transferability, reliability and verifiability have been used.Findings: After coding, conceptualization and categorization, financial factors were finally identified. The results of the analysis of the textual content of the articles showed that the financial factors affecting the evaluation of the social security organization's performance are 68 criteria.Originality / Value:‌ Institutions and executive organizations with any mission, goal and vision are required to respond to customers, stakeholders and stakeholders. This cannot be achieved except by the complete and accurate implementation of tasks and activities in order to achieve the goals and development and excellence of the organization, therefore, reviewing the performance results is considered an important strategic process. The quality and effectiveness of management and performance is the determining and vital factor for the realization of organizational development plans. To evaluate the performance of organizations and determine the degree of success in achieving the set goals, there are several criteria and tools that are chosen according to the nature of the organizational system and its success. In this research, the financial factors that are effective in the performance evaluation system of the social security organization were identified in a completely practical way. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

333 - وجوه پنجگانه فرامتنیّت ژرار ژنت در رمان تنگسیرصادق چوبک
علی کشاورز قدیمی جواد طاهری لیدا نامدار

10.30495/bahar.2023.2000125.1087

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334 - Language, text, metatext and meaning in Bivatan's novel
Azar Dekht Khatibi Rahim Taher Reza Fahimi

10.30495/bahar.2023.1993207.1079

Bivatan's long novel can be considered a post-modern long novel according to the signs that indicate postmodernism in general. Postmodern, although historically post-modern and to respond to some of its unrealized claims, came to the fore; It has characteristics that di More

Bivatan's long novel can be considered a post-modern long novel according to the signs that indicate postmodernism in general. Postmodern, although historically post-modern and to respond to some of its unrealized claims, came to the fore; It has characteristics that distinguish it from modernism. In Bivatan's novel, which was based on the contrast between tradition and modernity. We witness the not-so-cohesive feelings of Jeremiah, the main character of the story. It is through his thoughts and actions that he is aware of the confusion of the situation and the dispersion of the post-modern man's thought, his superficial views, the change of the value systems of the society, the avoidance of anything that has coherence, certainty and specific meaning. Let's wash The data of this research was collected using the library method. The result of this research shows that in Bivatan's novel, language plays an essential role in the creation of new meanings. Apart from the fact that these meanings may refer to simple, superficial and even vulgar things, the language plays its role correctly in these creations and helps to convey many meanings. Also, Amirkhani has many language games in this novel, and through these games, he creates meanings that express the social and political realities of two mutual perspectives, traditional and modern Manuscript profile

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335 - Studying of Epic Characteristic of Jarira , with an Approach to the Theory of Intera-texualism ( Based on the Shahnameh of Ferdowsi, Pre-Islamic Texts and the texts of Islamic Era )
Fatemeh Haji Rahimi Kianoosh Biranvand

Abstract         Comprehending any story requires information about its present and past resources. Knowing and better understanding the stories of the Shahnameh won't be possible unless one knows the pre-texts and their relationship More

Abstract         Comprehending any story requires information about its present and past resources. Knowing and better understanding the stories of the Shahnameh won't be possible unless one knows the pre-texts and their relationship to each other. The present research which has been done through qualitative method and by descriptive-analytic approach, deals with the fable of Jarira and the narrative related to it in the Shahnameh. The research is based on the theory which in the stage of transferring the mythological characters to the world of epic, the grand goddess of water and land and fairies ( pari ) in the ancient times lose their characteristics by factors such as the transposition of the myths and fading paradisical color and take the form of Jarira in epic. In these surveys which have been done according to historical evidences, it has been tried to prove that it was these narrators and musicians of the courts of Partians and Kushanians who in the era concurrent with the formulation of epic, in re-narrating the qualities and manners of this ancient mythological character have imposed the desired patriarchal society  in regard to humiliating ideas about the women. The traits such as  her lower personality in the Shahnameh, her beauty, extra humanistic actions  and her love affairs, her reproductivity and ultimately her disappearance organize these tenets. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

336 - The Qur'anic Intratextuality in Two Types of Revelatory and Allusive in The Magamate Hamidi Based on The Theory of Genette
Abbas Soltanpour Hamid Reza farzi Ali Dehqan

Abstract Although Julia Kristeva was the creator of intratextulity term, other theorists, in continuation of her tenets, with the same or different origins, have dealt with the presence of one text in other texts. Gerard Genner's approach, opposite to Kristeva's and in More

Abstract Although Julia Kristeva was the creator of intratextulity term, other theorists, in continuation of her tenets, with the same or different origins, have dealt with the presence of one text in other texts. Gerard Genner's approach, opposite to Kristeva's and in different front, by affecting and being affected, have been chosen as the theoretical basis of this research to study two kinds of non-verbal affectability in the Magamate Hamidi from the Holy Qur'an. We have tried, in this abstract, to produce the spiritual aspects of the Qur'anic intratextuality ( revelatory and allusive ) in the aforementioned book. In the revelatory intratextuality, we will discover the origins of implications and the encouragement of the author to take advantage of it; in allusive intratextuality, on the other hand, we are led by the allusive terms  to the meanings and extensive Qur'anic  knowledge. The statement " those who possess righteousness and axiom, don't die " indicates the revelation of the author from the verse of martyrdom, and allusion to two key words in maxims of Loghman Hakim, associates Loghman's advices to his son. The text of the Magamate Hamidi has been thoroughly studied and scrutinized here and the aspects of the author's affectability for the Holy Qur'an and its frequency have been specified. Finally with the comparison of the frequency of these intratextualities , it was revealed that revelatory intratextuality with the considerable function has played role more than allusive intratextuality. The method of this research is descriptive-analytic and the atmosphere of the activity is bibliotic. Manuscript profile

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337 - A Formalistic Analysis of " The Nafsatol Masdoor "
Forough Jallli

Abstract         The Nafsatol Masdoor from Mohammad Zeidari Nasavi is one the distinguished books in the sphere of symbolic prose. Though the author has written his book to express the anguish and the cruelties caused by the Mongol in More

Abstract         The Nafsatol Masdoor from Mohammad Zeidari Nasavi is one the distinguished books in the sphere of symbolic prose. Though the author has written his book to express the anguish and the cruelties caused by the Mongol invasion, he focused on the speech arrangements. His narration of the history and his complains and sufferings were thoroughly under the influence of his lingual and rhetorical obsessions. We have tried, in this article, to study the theories posed by the formalists and some aspects from the structural language of the Nafsatol Masdoor. The limits of the studies are some major components of formalism and the ideas of some critics. In this way, evidences from Nafsatol Masdoor with the main specification that, meaning, suspension, retraction from norms, defamiliarization , being well-mannered and highlighting will be studied and analyzed. Manuscript profile

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338 - Intertextual Comparative study in Sa'di and Shahriar's Odes, Based on ethical points
Hedayat Naghavi Mahdi Mahoozi Shahin Ojagh Alizadeh

Abstract         Human being has had inherently a bias toward the ethical values from birth till the end of his life; and his personality has been evaluated with those virtues and devil concepts and whoever attains the higher privileg More

Abstract         Human being has had inherently a bias toward the ethical values from birth till the end of his life; and his personality has been evaluated with those virtues and devil concepts and whoever attains the higher privilege in this evaluation, will have lofty stance in the memory of people and near his God. That's why, the prophets, in the long history of the humanity, by inviting them to worship the almighty, relying on the genuine ethical values, have guided people to the development and fulfillment of better life. Intertextual study in poets works is of the most attractive topics of literary criticism. The present essay is a research in which the influence of the virtues and wickedness of Sa'di's odes on Shahriar is studied comparatively and the cases of adaptation and inspiration of Sa'di's lyrics in Shahriar poetry is shown. The similarity of ethical thoughts is the theme of this article which have been shown by concrete examples; Shahriar's verses from the view point of affectability from Sa'di' lyrics through comparative approach  deserves studying. Manuscript profile

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339 - Intertextuality of the Qur'anic Verses in the Transcription of "Gholshan" from Mohammad Rahim Kermani
Seyyed Ya'ghoob Hosseini Maryam Mahmoodi

Abstract         In fact, the intertextual relationship, studies the bonds of one text with the other past or present texts. Julia Christova was the originator of intertextuality. Later on Gerard Janet developed this idea and divided More

Abstract         In fact, the intertextual relationship, studies the bonds of one text with the other past or present texts. Julia Christova was the originator of intertextuality. Later on Gerard Janet developed this idea and divided it to its subdivisions. Today, the intertextual technique is one of the most outstanding characteristics of poetical and textual structure. In this case, The Holy Qur'an as an ethereal source, is of the most significant sources which has inspired most of the writers and poets in the Islamic world. Mohammad Rahim Kermani, the writer of the ethical book " Gholshan ", and of the imitators of the Gulestan of Sa'di, has also utilized the intertextual technique. We have tried, in this article, by using the intertextuality and by employing analytical – descriptive method to investigate these impacts on the text of this book. The aim of this article is to reveal the approach and intertextual relations to highlight the didactic and ethic teachings of the Holy Qur'an. The attention of the author of the Gholshan to the Qur'an and utilizing it in numerous methods shows his presence of mind, the vastness of his knowledge, and indicates his commitment to religion. Mohammad Rahim Kermani, by using the Qur'an in his words has revealed the literary aesthetics elements in its best form. Manuscript profile

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340 - The Intertextual Perusal of Allameh Hassan Zadeh Amoli's Mystical Poetry with the Holy Qur'an
Javad Abedi Hossein Parsaee Reza Forsati Jooybari

Abstract           The theory of intertextuality is one of the most prolific subjects on literary criticism; it is one of the items which adds exquisite beauty to the literary works. Affectability of the poets and writers fr More

Abstract           The theory of intertextuality is one of the most prolific subjects on literary criticism; it is one of the items which adds exquisite beauty to the literary works. Affectability of the poets and writers from each other's texts and exploring them are really enjoyable. Allameh Hassan Zadeh Amoli's poetry is replete of mystical implications, Qur'anic and traditional themes. His poetry is saturated with mystical themes and is surveyable with the intertextual approach. In this paper, we have tried to analyze his poetry in mystical implications and themes which have rich supporting, by comparative analytical-descriptive method. Therefore, his mystical poetry is perusalled based on intertextuality with the Holy Qur'an. Allameh has tried, in addition to revealing his own feelings in poetry, to deal with belief problems and the Qur'anic Islamic manners. By scrutinizing in the poetry of Allameh one can see various kinds of intertextual relationship including: allusive, inspirational, thematical, technical, trivial and lexical. But by the sequence, the relationship of inspirational, thematical, lexical, trivial and technical are of the conspicuous ones. Manuscript profile

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341 - The Language of Mysticism and its Relationship with shat'h ( self-contradiction )
Vadood Valizadeh

AbstractIn this research we are to explore the reasons of discrepancy in the words of the mystics and study their language to see why shat'h has appeared. There have been numerous ideas about it and its relationship with the language. Some people believe that there is n More

AbstractIn this research we are to explore the reasons of discrepancy in the words of the mystics and study their language to see why shat'h has appeared. There have been numerous ideas about it and its relationship with the language. Some people believe that there is no discrepancy  in the real world but only it appears in speaking . Then there is no opposition, in essence, in the real world. Some experts have had the notion that the mystics have used such esoteric literature to hide the fact from the unworthy people. The others believe that it is because of the personal experiences of some mystics. Other ideas in this case have also been presented. Although each of these tenets may have its own applicability, what appeals much is that the Sufi sects , in talking about the plaintive meaning of metaphysics, had to use the ordinary expressions and it was then that shat'h became popularized. Anytime they used the implications in the sphere of eternity and immortality of man in the material life and its circumstances in society, discrepancy emerged in their works. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

342 - نمودهای فراداستان در مجموعه داستان شرق بنفشه اثر شهریار مندنی‌پور
فاطمه جباری امیری محسن ایزدیار فاطمه قهرمانی

10.30495/bahar.2023.706133

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343 - The Model of Competitive Performance Improvement Emphasizing the Theory of Dynamic Capabilities in Iran's Oil and Gas Industries
seyedreza rahnamaytohidi Houshang Taghizadeh Soleyman Iranzadeh

.... According to the dynamic capabilities theory, adopting and pursuing appropriate strategies in the form of coherent and intertwined meta-processes can lead to the creation and promotion of key and distinctive capabilities of the organization. Therefore, one of the More

.... According to the dynamic capabilities theory, adopting and pursuing appropriate strategies in the form of coherent and intertwined meta-processes can lead to the creation and promotion of key and distinctive capabilities of the organization. Therefore, one of the necessities of promoting competitive performance is to adopt and pursue appropriate strategies in order to improve and enhance the dynamic capabilities of the organization. The purpose of this study was to present a model of competitive performance in the field of international markets with emphasizing theory of dynamic capacity in Iran's oil and gas industry. This research is a fundamental and in terms of method, is a combination of qualitative and quantitative that utilized in two phases. In first phase, systematic review and extraction of the content model were performed with the help of scientometric and text mining tools. In the second phase, 27 themes and in 7 categories, in the form of a questionnaire and after checking validity and reliability among the subsidiaries experts of the oil and gas industry is distributed. After data collection, the research model was evaluated through the statistical approach of confirmatory factor analysis using SmartPLS software. The findings of the second phase indicate the confirmation by experts as effective factors in promoting competitive performance with emphasis on the theory of organizational dynamic capacity in Iran's oil and gas industry.   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

344 - Intertextual Analysis of Sacred Defense Paintings
nayere mobinipour mohammadali khabari Mohammadreza Sharifzadeh

To read a text, you need previous and contemporary texts, and no text is independent of its predecessors. Since every work of art is a text, a painting can also be considered a text. Due to the appropriateness of Gerard Genet's intertextual theory with the subject, it h More

To read a text, you need previous and contemporary texts, and no text is independent of its predecessors. Since every work of art is a text, a painting can also be considered a text. Due to the appropriateness of Gerard Genet's intertextual theory with the subject, it has been used as a theoretical framework. The painting of the Holy Defense has its own semantic and aesthetic system that is different from each other. Tastes both in the production and in the acceptance of works of art change depending on the social transformation that has taken place in terms of the structural nature of the work under study. This article intends to answer the questions of how the painting of the Holy Defense was able to represent this subject through text and image and convey it to the audience and how to describe it in the form of aesthetics. The method is fundamental in terms of purpose and based on historical, descriptive and analytical methods in terms of nature. Considering the study of sacred defense paintings and semantics and the reproduction of the sacred concept of war by paintings (texts) and how the concept of sacred warfare is reproduced by images and their role in the reproduction and desecration of war is presented as the final result. Manuscript profile

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345 - Polyphony and Musical possibilities; Discourse analysis of of popular music lyrics in nineties
mohamadsalar kasrai soheil hamidi

Popular music, as one of the most admired cultural productions, play an important role in shaping public perceptions in every society. In Iran after the Islamic revolution, this type of music received publishing license in the '90s, and it had an important role in shapi More

Popular music, as one of the most admired cultural productions, play an important role in shaping public perceptions in every society. In Iran after the Islamic revolution, this type of music received publishing license in the '90s, and it had an important role in shaping public opinions through conveying the meanings. In this study, the meanings conveyed in songs of this style of music has been studied to answer the question of "What concepts are represented in the lyrics of those popular pieces of music which were licensed for publication in the '90s?"To answer this question, by using Laclau and Mouffe's Discourse analysis, the lyrics of the mentioned pieces of music were studied. According to the obtained results, two main discourses can be identified in the lyrics of Iranian popular music 1) The discourse describing the current situations 2) The discourse of wishes. In these songs, the discourse of wishes with the nodal point of brightness and focus on life, desires, hopes and aspirations of people while featuring multiple voices, has encountered with the current situation discourse with the nodal point of evening that bears general sense of sadness and loneliness Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

346 - Comparison of Rostam's face in "Rostamnameh" and "Shahnameh" based on Genet's theory of transtextuality
Rahman Makwandi

Gérard Genet puts the links between literary texts under the general term of transtextuality. One of these links is hypertext link. In the hypertext link, the second text is derived from the first text, so that if the first text is not there, the second text will not be More

Gérard Genet puts the links between literary texts under the general term of transtextuality. One of these links is hypertext link. In the hypertext link, the second text is derived from the first text, so that if the first text is not there, the second text will not be formed. The current research is based on the hypothesis that the link between "Rostamnameh" and Shahnameh is a more textual link. However, according to Genet's writing, even when the connection of two works is more textual, the creator of the second work attempts to expand, generalize and transform the first work. The results of the current research, which is a descriptive-analytical research, show that Bahar has made this transformation in "Rostamnameh" and has avoided pure imitation. As a result, Rostamnameh Bahar is an original work in which the political and cultural concerns of the poet's time are reflected. Manuscript profile

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347 - ارائه مدل کنش حسابگرانه با رویکرد تحلیل محتوای متنی
زهرا محمدپور داوود کیاکجوری مریم رحمتی

10.30495/jparnt.2022.690581

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348 - ساختار پسامدرن به مثابه‌ی الگوی اصلی جامعه شناختی در آثار فیلیپ سولرس
Samaneh Sadat MirAbedi shirani Karim Hayati Ashtiyani

به‌منظور تعیین جایگاه سولرس در  جامعه و ادبیات معاصر فرانسه و تاثیر پسامدرنیسم به مثابه‌ی یکی از اصلی‌ترین الگوهای جامعه شناختی بر ساختار نوشتار او چه درزمینه‌ی رمانی و چه درزمینه‌ی جستاری، شناخت ویژگی‌های بارز آثارش ضروری است که مهم‌ترینِ آن‌ها عبارت‌اند از حضور م More

به‌منظور تعیین جایگاه سولرس در  جامعه و ادبیات معاصر فرانسه و تاثیر پسامدرنیسم به مثابه‌ی یکی از اصلی‌ترین الگوهای جامعه شناختی بر ساختار نوشتار او چه درزمینه‌ی رمانی و چه درزمینه‌ی جستاری، شناخت ویژگی‌های بارز آثارش ضروری است که مهم‌ترینِ آن‌ها عبارت‌اند از حضور مؤلفه‌های ساختاری پسامدرن همچون نقل‌قول، انواع بینامتنیت و سرعت‌بالای روایت داستان‌؛ همچنین پرهیز از هرگونه اضافه گویی و درنتیجه ریتم بسیار سریع روایت‌، رفت‌وآمد پرسوناژ بین رُمان و جستار، وام‌گیری از ادبیات اجتماعی، وفور مولفه‌های جامعه شناختی و درنهایت نوع لحن و زبان پرسوناژهای داستان از طبقات اجتماعی مختلف . این مؤلفه‌ها را می‌توان تعیین‌کننده‌ی سبک نوشتاری فیلیپ سولرس دانست. در مقاله‌ی پیشِ رو، سعی خواهیم کرد این مؤلفه‌های ساختاری پسامدرن را به‌صورت موردی و با به‌کارگیری مثال‌های ملموس بررسی کنیم تا درنهایت به این نکته‌ی بسیار مهم دست پیدا کنیم که اگر جهانِ  آثار ارزشمند سولرس، که بازنمای منبعی غنی از الهام و الگوهای زیبایی‌شناختی و جامعه شناختی است، در جایگاه بالایی قرار دارد، به دلیل وجود ساختارهای اصلی تشکیل‌دهنده‌ی پسامدرنیسم موجود در جامعه‌ی معاصری است که او در جستارها و رمان‌هایش به تصویر کشیده است. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

349 - Analysis of the intertextual relation between local historiography and Shahnameh
فرشته محمدزاده Mohamad gafar yahaghi Bahman Namvar motlagh Javad Abbasi

Abstract Intertextual relationship is the most important principle in shaping new texts, nevertheless texts coming from different disciplines have always influenced one another and there exists an intertextual connection between them. Based on this notion the purpose o More

Abstract Intertextual relationship is the most important principle in shaping new texts, nevertheless texts coming from different disciplines have always influenced one another and there exists an intertextual connection between them. Based on this notion the purpose of this research is to explore and determine the extent to which the local historical writings were influenced by Shahnameh as a pretext and an ideal literary model.  Gerard Genette’s transtextuality theory which is the most complete theory in the study and recognition of the relation between texts is used in this article to find an answer to the question.  This research makes use of descriptive analytic and library method.  The study and the analysis of the textual data reveals that the local historians with significant frequency have employed four kinds of intertextual elements such as indirect speech, allusion, reference, and plagiarism in historical texts, hence Shahnameh as a pretext served as an ideal model to meet their expectations, motivations and purposes. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

350 - The stylistic analysis of the tale of Iraj, and Rostam and Shaghad based on Halliday’s systematic functional grammar
khadijeh bahrami rahnama Amir Hossein Mahoozi

Abstract      Halliday emphasizes on ideational, interpersonal and textural metafunctions in systematic functional linguistics, which can be useful for analyzing sentences of literary texts and understanding special styles of poets or writers. S More

Abstract      Halliday emphasizes on ideational, interpersonal and textural metafunctions in systematic functional linguistics, which can be useful for analyzing sentences of literary texts and understanding special styles of poets or writers. Shahnameh has the potential of being studied in different fields like linguistics, thus the writer analyzes styles of the stories of Iraj and Rostam and Shaghad, based on Halliday’s theory. This paper is an attempt to study the problem of different processes, interpersonal metafunctions, and textural cohesion in stories of Iraj and Rostam and Shaghad. The results of this study show that among all the used processes, material process has the highest frequency in both stories, which indicate concrete events and actions used in the scenes.  In non-structural part of textual metafunction, grammatical and lexical cohesions cause text connections and coordination. In grammatical cohesion, conjunctions and in lexical cohesion reiteration, repetition element has the highest frequency in both stories. Past form of the verbs are used and subjects are often obvious and indicative mood which emphasizes on truthfulness of propositions and certainty of the text has the most frequency in these stories. Investigating and adapting all three semantic layers of Halliday’s theory in the stories of Iraj and Rostam and Shaghad emphasizes on the unified, integrated, coherent structure of both texts. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

351 - The Study on the “Fire Ordeal of Siavosh’s Paintings” Based on the Genette’s Trannstextuality
فاطمه ماه وان

Abstract According to Genette’s theory Shahnameh is a hypotext and its pictures and drawings are considered as hypertext.  Now this question arises that under what circumstances hypertexts of drawings are in accordance with hypotext of Shahnameh and in what More

Abstract According to Genette’s theory Shahnameh is a hypotext and its pictures and drawings are considered as hypertext.  Now this question arises that under what circumstances hypertexts of drawings are in accordance with hypotext of Shahnameh and in what circumstances they undergo transformation and change.  To answer these questions comparative and semiotic approach are applied to both Shahnameh and its drawings.  The tale of fire trial of Siavash which is the most popular and frequent scenes portrayed in the tradition of Persian paintings is chosen.  The present article deals with the role of intertextual relationship between Shahnameh and its pictures in production of its paintings and the study seeks to examine and express how the narrative text had been transformed into a pictorial version.  The study deals with the following questions:  From the standpoint of intertextual relationship to what extent the painting of Siavash’s fire trial shows direct reference to the text?  To what extent the narrative in terms of images undergo changes or rather stay intact?  The research method is as follows:  First the narrative is studied in terms of interpreting the symbolism of the main elements, then comparative approach is applied to the image version of the narrative.  Finally employing Genette’s transtextuality theory, the paintings are analyzed from two perspectives to verify whether or not modifications had taken place in the process of transition of the theme from the text to the image.  The purpose of the article is to provide a practical example to express how the theory of transtextuality lends itself to the body of Persian art studies. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

352 - Pathology of the foundations of mythology in Iran In the context of textual studies, functionalism and Theoretical research
Farhad Forouzan Kia Mehyar Alavi Moghaddam zahra jamshidi Ebrahim Estaji

The pathology of mythology in Iran, based on critical thinking, in the context of textual studies, functionalism and Theoretical research, makes the process of mythology in Iran more fruitful. Mythology in Iran - with academic and non-academic origins - far from the sys More

The pathology of mythology in Iran, based on critical thinking, in the context of textual studies, functionalism and Theoretical research, makes the process of mythology in Iran more fruitful. Mythology in Iran - with academic and non-academic origins - far from the system of global classification and in an island perspective, has focused more on the monograph of Iranian mythology and textual research. In this study, we distinguishe between "mythology" based on schools in this field in the West with “myth research " is common among Iranian scholars who are more or less unfamiliar with these schools of mythology. Mythology in Iran suffers from various plagues in this field: focusing on the text instead of deep mythological construction, narration and mere description, little familiarity with the schools of mythology, partial view, lack of methodology of mythology, little familiarity with interdisciplinary studies, positivist rather than meta-positivist approach, deficiencies resulting from translation in the eyes of mythological translators, disregard for the fluid role of mythology. In this article, the authors try to study the pathology of mythology in Iran and enumerate a number of these pests and shortcomings and provide solutions to eliminate these pests. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

353 - The very last dialogues of lovers in Persian romantic verses
Neda Haddadi

Persian romantic verses as texts composed over the centuries have common characteristics which upon their structural analysis one can analyze their    inter-textual connections. Attempt is made in this article to describe the farewell scenes of lovers in More

Persian romantic verses as texts composed over the centuries have common characteristics which upon their structural analysis one can analyze their    inter-textual connections. Attempt is made in this article to describe the farewell scenes of lovers in order to arrive at their common converse in these texts, since the main theme is love and this fundamental feature confers a mutual function to the lovers’ death.  According to the inter textual theory, the texts with common theme in different historical periods are interconnected and their images, descriptions and their poetic thoughts are emanated from a common language even if at first they seem distinct.  This common language provides the logic and the basis of the colloquy and living in such circumstances.  In other words the language of love necessitates that farewell scenes have common language and ambiance although differences arise in accordance with the story and the relationship between the lover and the beloved.  In one place, after the death of his beloved, the lover stands by her grave and weeps till his own death. And in other place, he opens his chest with a dagger.  It is such that in studying the farewell scenes one arrives at the subject of synchronic death of the lovers.  The focal point in these verses is the bitterness and the dilemma of separation which the lovers cannot tolerate and shortly after the other say farewell to life and end the dialogue of love. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

354 - The study and analysis of Iranian national epic romances in the light of intertextuality approach (with emphasis on Shahnameh, Samnameh, Borzunameh, Garshaspnameh, and Banu Goshaspnameh)
kamalodin Arekhi Mahmood Abbasi Abdolali Oveisi Kahkha

Abstract   Romances are regarded as the integral part of Iranian national epics.  Considering the fact that epics produced after Shahnameh were all influenced by it, many lyrical characteristics of Shahnameh are found in them.  The attempt is made in this More

Abstract   Romances are regarded as the integral part of Iranian national epics.  Considering the fact that epics produced after Shahnameh were all influenced by it, many lyrical characteristics of Shahnameh are found in them.  The attempt is made in this article to study these characteristics in the light of intertextuality approach.  Intertextual relationships are divided into three categories in terms of diction, theme, and content. The epics were examined from the perspective of content intertextuality and the descriptive analytic library method was employed in this research. The results of the study indicate that subjects such as falling in love via hearing, the role of mediators in love, women as pioneers in declaring love, role of astronomers and priests or Mobadan, and etc are used intertextually in most romances. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

355 - The study of the influential scope of Shahnameh upon the English Orientalists’ scholarship (A comparative approach based on the principle of textual transcendence of Gerard Genette)
Mina Behnam

Abstract   This article is concerned with the study and analysis of the influential scope of Shahnameh as a patriotic national work on the scholarship conducted by the English Orientalists on the basis of the Gerard Genette’s textual transcendence theory. The More

Abstract   This article is concerned with the study and analysis of the influential scope of Shahnameh as a patriotic national work on the scholarship conducted by the English Orientalists on the basis of the Gerard Genette’s textual transcendence theory. The results show that out of 65 works under study written or translated under the influence of Shahnameh, 16 cases were created employing an imitative approach and 47 cases were compiled using modifying approach. The modifications include addition, omission, reduction, expansion, substitution, and compounding that for different reasons made the studied works far removed from the fidelity to the main text. Out of 65 works under study produced by the English Orientalists, 5% used addition, 38% reduction, 3% omission, 50% expansion, and 5% compounding in their compilations or compositions.  In these modifications no substitution had taken place and based on this factor those cases can be classified.   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

356 - The analysis of the manner in which dynastic historical accounts find expression in Shahnameh on the basis of intertextuality concept forwarded by Gerard Genette
Fereshteh Mohamad zadeh Mohammad ja’far Yahaghi Bahman Namvar Motlagh Javad Abbasi

Intertextuality is based on the relationship of a text with other texts.  These texts could come from two different branches but still be dependent on one culture as Shahnameh and dynastic historical documents are of this kind in a way that close connection between More

Intertextuality is based on the relationship of a text with other texts.  These texts could come from two different branches but still be dependent on one culture as Shahnameh and dynastic historical documents are of this kind in a way that close connection between Shahnameh’s pre- texts and the dynastic historical accounts was formed during subsequent eras.  Therefore the main question and the objective in this research is the nature of the relationship that exists between Shahnameh and its historical counterpart from the sixth century till the middle of the eighth century AH.  Gerard Genette’s theory of transtextuality which is a thorough theory in this regard is used in this research.  The method of research is comparative and is based on the description and the analysis of the data.  The results obtained demonstrates that dynastic historians according to their historical views, and their own historiographic style in order to fulfill their own expectations and those of their audience had willfully chosen Shahnameh.  In this vein they had most benefitted from four kinds of intertextual figures, quotation, allusion, plagiarism, and referencing respectively. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

357 - Who is Aboolalaye Maani and what was his of thinking
Mahmood moghtadai

Aboolalaye Maarri was born in mid-third century and his name is well-known in Arabic literature and in the world literature, as well. Inspite of being sight impaired he possessed such brilliant memory and deft in reciting verse and composing Arabic prose. In this es More

Aboolalaye Maarri was born in mid-third century and his name is well-known in Arabic literature and in the world literature, as well. Inspite of being sight impaired he possessed such brilliant memory and deft in reciting verse and composing Arabic prose. In this essay it is also tried to introduce his dynasty and his birthplace, acquisition, criticizing his notion and also his works and thoughts has been reviewed. This essay represents his abortiveness and his philosophy of life which has been shown in his colloctions of prose and verse. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

358 - Transformation in the function of prepositions in Contemporary Persian Literature
Vahid Mobarak Maryam Rahmani

This article mainly discusses prepositions and conjunctions in the Persian language and it opens a new chapter with regard to the role played by prepositions in Contemporary Persian literature.  As a rule prepositions and conjunctions are classified under parts of More

This article mainly discusses prepositions and conjunctions in the Persian language and it opens a new chapter with regard to the role played by prepositions in Contemporary Persian literature.  As a rule prepositions and conjunctions are classified under parts of speech which altogether are dealt with in the Grammar section of language, however in this article attempt is made to show that contemporary literature engages and involves them in an entirely different level that is in the domain of rhetoric and figures of speech. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

359 - Hafez weighed by his unconventionality
Naser Naseri

Hafez’s time, is the era of moral decline and loss of sound principles among the different classes of people especially rulers, sovereigns, Sufis and, ascetics.  Chaos and disorder resulted from the oppression and cruelty of rulers and sovereigns on one hand More

Hafez’s time, is the era of moral decline and loss of sound principles among the different classes of people especially rulers, sovereigns, Sufis and, ascetics.  Chaos and disorder resulted from the oppression and cruelty of rulers and sovereigns on one hand and growing hypocrisy, fraud and deception of religious authorities and Sufis on the other hand led to the decline of religious and moral values.  Hafez is caught in the midst of this sinkhole of corruption and depravity, discord, and despair and in his own words he is caught “in the dark night with a fear of such frightful wave and whirlpool”.  As a thinker and a social savior, Hafez is well aware of all the pains, corruptions, and evils of the time and like a surgeon with a weapon of criticism and irony wants to open up the wounds and with affection heal the social ills.  To achieve this goal inevitably he had to choose a language, captivating and soothing enough to give new life to the otherwise lifeless words and with using variety of literary devices he creates a resurrection in the mental and customary habits and in conventional language.  Therefore the best way to attack two groups of rulers and Sufis was through writing, grabbing hold of techniques such as defamiliarization, deviation from the norm, deconstruction, antilogism, paradoxical imagery, and finally what is in general contrary to the norm and habits of the populace. Such extensive application of literary devices won Hafez his fame. Manuscript profile

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