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Open Access Article
1 - Existential results for a class of fourth-order Elliptic problems with Robin boundary conditions
Atieh Ramzannia jalali Ghasem Alizadeh afrouziIn recent years, fourth-order differential equations in mathematical physics have been considered by many researchers. These applications include Micro Electro Mechanical systems, thin film theory, surface diffusion on solids, flow in Hele-Shaw cells and phase field mod MoreIn recent years, fourth-order differential equations in mathematical physics have been considered by many researchers. These applications include Micro Electro Mechanical systems, thin film theory, surface diffusion on solids, flow in Hele-Shaw cells and phase field models of multiphase systems.[ 9, 20] The importance of studying such equations is due to the justification of many physical examples using mathematical modeling, which can be seen mostly in the field of Newtonian fluids and elastic mechanics, in particular, electrological fluids (smart liquids). See [11, 21] for more details.In this paper, using variational methods, sufficient conditions for the existence of at least two weak non-trivial solutions of a fourth-order elliptic boundary value problem with the Rubin boundary conditions are investigated. Our analysis mainly relies on the variational arguments based on the mountain pass lemma and some recent theory on the generalized Lebesgue–Sobolev spaces. Our work starting point is the paper "Continuous spectrum of a fourth-order nonhomogenous elliptic equation with variable exponent" by A. Ayoujil, A.R. El Amrouss of [3] where the authors considered the problem (1) with the Navier boundary conditions. This paper's guarantee the exsitence of at least two nontrivial weak solutions for the problem (1) with Robin boundary conditions.More precisely, by applying Ambrosetti and Rabinowitz’s mountain pass theorem and under appropriate conditions, we show that there exists a positive number λ_*such that the problem (1) has at least two nontrivial weak solutions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Introduction of fuzzy q-fractional derivative and its properties
Naser Mikael Vand Zahra NoeiaghdamThe quantum calculus or q-calculus begins with F. H. Jackson in the early twentieth century, but only recently it has aroused interest, due to high demand of mathematics that is modeling quantum computing and it has been an important subject for applied sciences . The q MoreThe quantum calculus or q-calculus begins with F. H. Jackson in the early twentieth century, but only recently it has aroused interest, due to high demand of mathematics that is modeling quantum computing and it has been an important subject for applied sciences . The quantum calculus is one of the applied and inter disciplinary sciences, which is more important than the classical calculus because in the standard calculus the definition of the derivative depends on the existence of limit but the quantum derivative in quantum calculus works without the definition of limit and for this reason the work with a quantum calculus is numerically faster and easier than the standard calculus. In this paper, fuzzy quantum derivative, fuzzy quantum fractional derivative in Caputo sense by using generalized Hukuhara difference and fuzzy quantum fractional integral of the Riemann-Liouville type are introduced, then the related theorems and properties are provided in details.These results occur in many applications as physics, quantum theory, number theory, statistical mechanics, etc. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - gH-differentiable of the 2th-order functions interpolating
H. Vosoughi S. AbbasbandyFuzzy Hermite interpolation of 5th degree generalizes Lagrange interpolation by fitting a polynomial to a function f that not only interpolates f at each knot but also interpolates two number of consecutive Generalized Hukuhara derivatives of f at each knot. The provide MoreFuzzy Hermite interpolation of 5th degree generalizes Lagrange interpolation by fitting a polynomial to a function f that not only interpolates f at each knot but also interpolates two number of consecutive Generalized Hukuhara derivatives of f at each knot. The provided solution for the 5th degree fuzzy Hermite interpolation problem in this paper is based on cardinal basis functions linear combination for 5th degree polynomials linear space and same approach develops to introduce 5th degree fuzzy piecewise Hermite interpolation polynomials. At first, construction method along with an example has presented for 5 th degree fuzzy Hermite interpolation. Because of the introduced method applies for interpolation of first order Generalized Hukuhara differentiable functions so during an example cubic fuzzy Hermite interpolation polynomial compares with fuzzy Hermite polynomial and we explain the superiority of the presented piecewise method next in the end we provide 5th degree fuzzy piecewise Hermite interpolation polynomial. Using such interpolant shows that the smoothness condition improves for interpolation polynomial core when successive degree of fuzzy piecewise Hermite interpolation polynomial comes up from three to five. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - Amalgamated duplication of some special rings along an ideal
E. TavasoliLet be a commutative Noetherian ring and let I be a proper ideal of . D’Anna and Fontana in [6] introduced a new construction of ring, named amalgamated duplication of along I. In this paper by considering the ring homomorphism , it is shown that if , then , also MoreLet be a commutative Noetherian ring and let I be a proper ideal of . D’Anna and Fontana in [6] introduced a new construction of ring, named amalgamated duplication of along I. In this paper by considering the ring homomorphism , it is shown that if , then , also it is proved that if , then there exists such that . Using this result it is shown that if is generically Cohen-Macaulay (resp. generically Gorenstein) and is generically maximal Cohen-Macaulay (resp. a generically canonical module), then is generically Cohen-Macaulay (resp. generically Gorenstein). We also defined the notion of generically quasi-Gorenstein ring and we investigate when is generically quasi-Gorenstein. In addition, it is shown that is approximately Cohen-Macaulay if and only if R is approximately Cohen-Macaulay, provided some special conditions. Finally it is shown that if R is approximately Gorenstein, then is approximately Gorenstein. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - Approximated solution of First order Fuzzy Differential Equations under generalized differentiability
T. Allahviranloo N. Ahmady E. AhmadyIn this research, a numerical method by piecewise approximated method for solving fuzzy differential equations is introduced. In this method, the solution by piecewise fuzzy polynomial is present. The base of this method is using fuzzy Taylor expansion on initial value MoreIn this research, a numerical method by piecewise approximated method for solving fuzzy differential equations is introduced. In this method, the solution by piecewise fuzzy polynomial is present. The base of this method is using fuzzy Taylor expansion on initial value of fuzzy differential equations. The existence, uniqueness and convergence of the approximate solution are investigated. To show the advantage of method, this method is compared with the Euler method that was introduced in [۱], and it is shown this method is more accurate than Euler method for solving fuzzy differential equations under generalized differentiability. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - Vanishing of Ext-Functors and Faltings’ Annihilator Theorem for relative Cohen-Macaulay modules
M. Mast Zohouri Kh. Ahmadi Amoli S. Faramarziet be a commutative Noetherian ring, and two ideals of and a finite -module. In this paper, we have studied the vanishing and relative Cohen-Macaulyness of the functor for relative Cohen-Macauly filtered modules with respect to the ideal (RCMF). We have shown that the f Moreet be a commutative Noetherian ring, and two ideals of and a finite -module. In this paper, we have studied the vanishing and relative Cohen-Macaulyness of the functor for relative Cohen-Macauly filtered modules with respect to the ideal (RCMF). We have shown that the for relative Cohen-Macaulay modules holds for any relative Cohen-Macauly module with respect to with ........ Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - An Existence Results on Positive Solutions for a Remarks on k-Torsionless Modules
M. SalimiLet R be a commutative Noetherian ring. The k-torsionless modules are defined in [7] as a generalization of torsionless and reflexive modules, i.e., torsionless modules are 1-torsionless and reflexive modules are 2-torsionless. Some properties of torsionless, reflexive, MoreLet R be a commutative Noetherian ring. The k-torsionless modules are defined in [7] as a generalization of torsionless and reflexive modules, i.e., torsionless modules are 1-torsionless and reflexive modules are 2-torsionless. Some properties of torsionless, reflexive, and k-torsionless modules are investigated in this paper. It is proved that if M is an R-module such that G-dimR(M)<∞, then M is k-torsionless if and only if Mp is k-torsionless for p∊Spec(R) with depth (RP)≤k-1, and dephRp (Mp)≥k for p∊Spec(R) with deph(Rp)≥k. Furthermore, by Auslander-Bridger formula, we prove that M is k-torsionless if and only if Mp is k-torsionless for p∊Spec(R) with depth (RP)≤k-1, and G-dimRp(Mp)≤depth(Rp)-k for p∊Spec(R) with deph(Rp)≥k. Also, it is shown that the class of maximal Cohen-Macaulay modules and the class of k-torsionless modules are equivalent over Gorenstein local ring with dimension k. Finally, we provide the necessary and sufficient conditions which led the tensor product of k-torsionless modules to be k-torsionless. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - Elevational shift of Carpinus betulus L. under the future climate change in northern Iran
Mahdieh Khalatbari Limaki Majid Es-hagh-Nimvari seyed jalil Alavi Asadollah Mataji farid KazemnezhadadAlthough there are concerns about the impact of climate change on forests, the impact of future climate change on tree species in the Hyrcanian forests has been less studied. The effect of climate change on the distribution of species usually leads to the movement of sp MoreAlthough there are concerns about the impact of climate change on forests, the impact of future climate change on tree species in the Hyrcanian forests has been less studied. The effect of climate change on the distribution of species usually leads to the movement of species to higher altitudes and latitudes. Hornbeam is the most abundant tree species in the Hyrcanian forests, which is distributed in a large part of northern Iran. In this study, the effect of climate change on the change of hornbeam species height using species distribution models are currently being studied under different climate change scenarios for 2050 and 2070. In this study, various statistics including TSS, AUC, KAPPA, Sensitivity and Specificity were used to evaluate the performance of species distribution models. According to the model evaluation criteria, the random forest model had a higher efficiency than other models in the distribution of hornbeam in northern Iran. The future prediction of species distribution models showed that climate change will have a negative impact on the distribution of hornbeam, which will significantly reduce the areas with the potential for the presence of this species under RCP2.6 and RCP8.5 in 2050 and 2070. The results showed that the hornbeam species currently has the greatest potential for presence up to an altitude of 1000m, but also expands to an altitude of 2500m and with climate change will have the greatest potential for presence at an altitude of more than 1000m. Although very complex mechanisms justify the distribution of tree species in mountainous areas, climate is one of the most important of these mechanisms and the results of this study can be a criterion for future planning in Hyrcanian forests. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - تاثیر تفرج بر ویژگیهای خاک و تنوع گونههای درختی و درختچهای در پارک جنگلی بلوران کوهدشت
کورش نظرپورفرد وحید اعتماد -
Open Access Article
10 - Measuring of villagers empowerment facilitator to improve the quality of life With Sustainable Development Approach (Case study:Damankooh District, Damghan city)
naser shafi sabet mahnaz rahbariThe aim of this study evaluating promoting factors that of quality of life (with an emphasizing on empowering mechanism) and it’s impact on sustainable development in the Damankooh district of Damghan city. This research was conducted by using descriptive - analyt MoreThe aim of this study evaluating promoting factors that of quality of life (with an emphasizing on empowering mechanism) and it’s impact on sustainable development in the Damankooh district of Damghan city. This research was conducted by using descriptive - analytical method and by using the survey method in the form of 7 factors affecting on promoting the quality of life and 4 impressionable component of sustainable development. the results of regression showed that impressionable components (cognition and awareness, creating equal opportunities, Assurance, trust and empathy and participation), have asignificant statistical influence on the sustainable development. Moving towards empowering of local community and rural people's institutions, The creation of legal and social contexts for the maximum participation of villagers, Strengthen of education and human resource development, Improving the cognitive and skill areas of the villagers And strengthening effective and accountable accountability is Among the suggestions of this research. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - Evaluation of air and noise pollution in the mountainous tourist area of Mashhad
ali entezari مرسل morsalToday, mountains are one of the most popular leisure centers. The purpose of this study is to investigate the distribution of pollutants in the mountainous tourist area of Mashhad. This study is cross-sectional in terms of implementation time and applied in terms of out MoreToday, mountains are one of the most popular leisure centers. The purpose of this study is to investigate the distribution of pollutants in the mountainous tourist area of Mashhad. This study is cross-sectional in terms of implementation time and applied in terms of outputs. In terms of analysis, it is descriptive-analytical as well as comparative. Data on 6 air pollutants (carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, ozone and particulate matter) and noise pollution were collected and analyzed at the research area. The level of noise pressure in the region was recorded in different times. To investigate the situation of pollution risk assessment method in the region, quantitative risk assessment technique - William Fine method was used. The results showed that air pollution and noise pollution in Kuhsangi tourist area of Mashhad are inappropriate. And this is an alarm for the officials of Kuhsangi region. Therefore, Kuhsangi mountain tourism has the necessary potentials, but in general, there are a number of obstacles that can be solved by forming a nature tourism committee and providing logical solutions for the development of this industry by holding regular meetings with members of geography experts. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - Periglacil environment and its lower border in sabalan mountain
عبدالحمید Rajaei علی Dalal OghliThe sabalan periglacial environment is characterized by patterned ground and nivation,large phenomena obtained from mass movement such as rockylacier and solifluction,production of talus and breaking rock scarp. This zone extends into the glacier zone,too. Above the low MoreThe sabalan periglacial environment is characterized by patterned ground and nivation,large phenomena obtained from mass movement such as rockylacier and solifluction,production of talus and breaking rock scarp. This zone extends into the glacier zone,too. Above the lower periglacial border the basic aspect of the vegetation cover is ofuro – siberian type. There are various methods to determine the periglacal lowerborder, and comparison of the results obtained by various methodes show that differenttechniques can give different results. The height of periglacial lower border obtainedby various methodes ranges from 2800 to 3655 m, but the lower limit of periglacialactivity with regard to MAAT of about 3000 m. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - Dynamics of geographical structures in rural landscapes Case study: Shivasar,Govaver and Dinavar rural districts in Kermanshah province
منصور Badrifar نوذر GhanbariRural landscapes cover a vast area of territory of Iran as they accommodate aboutForty percent of the population of the whole country. In order to develop landuseplanning, rural landscapes have obtained special significance and value and they play akey role. Rural devel MoreRural landscapes cover a vast area of territory of Iran as they accommodate aboutForty percent of the population of the whole country. In order to develop landuseplanning, rural landscapes have obtained special significance and value and they play akey role. Rural development results in urbanism . In developing countries, develop ofservice and industry section, depend on agricultural development and to developAgriculture, primary emphasis is on rural development. Rural areas in Iran areaccounted for the most important activity field which face ill-designed andunorganized strategies and suffer from the lack of an institutional framework andregional development plans. This witnesses the lack of landuse planning in rural areas.It seems to be obvious that this controversial issue exists in different natural, social,economical and of mountainous, hilly and plain villges (areas).The results of this paper imply significantly the lack of Transformation changeand dynamism in some components and elements of landscape (Geographical bases)in relation to the time and place which accounted for the reason of undeveloped ruralareas. Every kind of villages (mountainous, hilly and plain) do not have any changesand dynamism which lead to malfunction in the whole system (rural landscape). Inorder to develop the rural landscape the emphasis in this research is to findout andrecognize these components and elements and also create transformation change,reconstruction and reorganization. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - The comparative study of cultural landscapes in mountainous and plain villages (A case study : ROODSAR TOWNSHIP)
نصرالله Molaei سیده مرضیه RoodbariIn consideration of the rural landscape, we can find that in a human residencedifferent elements continue their life in a natural bed by using of human culture(population, economic and spatial characteristics) and they have been spread in themutual actions to each other MoreIn consideration of the rural landscape, we can find that in a human residencedifferent elements continue their life in a natural bed by using of human culture(population, economic and spatial characteristics) and they have been spread in themutual actions to each other.In this study, with a view to this main question that "what are the differences andsimilarities between cultural landscape in mountainous villages and plain villages? "the main purposes like considering the component elements of the cultural lands cap inmountainous villages and plain villages and also analyzing the mutual effects of theseelements on each other and on the rural environments have taken in to attention as theeffective chains.In direction of the analysis of these purposes , the analytic and descriptivemethods of studies are in two ways including documents - library studies and fieldstudies and also through analytic considering the cultural landscapes of the villagesunder in restigalion in Roudsar township, we have been engaged in hypothesis test,concluding and presenting propositions.The achived results are consist of:The kind of living is an important factor in explaning the differnces between thecultural landscape of mountainous and plain villages.Presentation of the infra structural and public services in mountainous and plainvillages are effective in the changes of the cultural landscape of villages . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - Evidences of Pleistocene glacial geomorphology in the northern slope of Khashchal mountain (western Alborz)
Jalilaldin Sorour Nima Farid MojtahediIdentification and study of geomorphological heritage an important role to representthe trend of last climate chamges in a region. In this research using, topograph,geology maps and field evidences of glacial geomorphology in khashchal mountainnorthern slope is detected MoreIdentification and study of geomorphological heritage an important role to representthe trend of last climate chamges in a region. In this research using, topograph,geology maps and field evidences of glacial geomorphology in khashchal mountainnorthern slope is detected. Detecd evidence are Glacial erasionablation landform like,glacial cirques, glacial valley and Glacial deposits Include glacial moraine. Resultshow during Pleistocene period, climate in northern slope of khashchal mountain hadlower temperature and probably with more precipitation in compare to recent climate.Erasion and morphogenes glacial processes have been active. While nowdaysevidence showing because of high evelation and precipitation and temperaturesituation in region, subglacial morphogenes process (freezing and melting)dominate inthe region. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
16 - The analyzing and assessment of share's role of factors on the Rock flow's occurrence, by using of bivariated methods Case study: Garangoo catchments (eastern slope of Sahand Mt.,NW of Iran)
M. B. KhatibiCatchment of Garangoo is as a semi-arid region (from 46゜. 27´ to 47゜. 42 E, from36゜. 58´ to 37゜. 44´N) and is as largest catchment of Sahand mountain. The RockFalls and Rock Flows, as one type of mass movement and as marked ofgeomorphologic hazard, fre MoreCatchment of Garangoo is as a semi-arid region (from 46゜. 27´ to 47゜. 42 E, from36゜. 58´ to 37゜. 44´N) and is as largest catchment of Sahand mountain. The RockFalls and Rock Flows, as one type of mass movement and as marked ofgeomorphologic hazard, frequently are occurred on rocky slope of semi-arid mountain.These events are the natural outcome of natural processes which the occurrences ofevents are intensive with human impacts and are threat the human structure ,speciallyin mountain area and are imposed economical damage to villager The environmentmanagement is require firstly, to study mechanism of the occurrence of these eventsand then zonation of susceptible area to the occurrence events. The aim this article isassessment share of factors and is define share of 10 factors on the occurrence of Rockflow. The Rock flow hazard mapping is often performed through the identification andanalysis instability factors .For mapping ,firstly distribution map of factor produce anddigitized of factors and then analyzed by bivariated methods and the next stage,weighted to factors and final stage, produced Rock flow hazard zonation map by usingof Arc/View .This map show that, large part of Garangoo catchment is consist ofvolcano ash ,marl and old alluvial ,with steep slope at site of 2000 m altitude. Thevolcanic material (andesite and dasite) specially Miocene volcanic stone,produced thedebris and rock segments. These materials deposited on roads surface and distortedpassengers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
17 - Evidences of mountains Phenomenon Glacial of Pleistocene at the Bozabon and Bozakuh mountains (east of Gillian)
جلیل الدین Sarvar Nima Farid-MojtahediStudies about Quaternary of IRAN started by foreign Scientists in the beginning of 20the century. Iranian scientists tried to find Geomorphologic. Effects of climate changesand geology. They considered researches of past scientists. Consideration ofmountainous glaciers MoreStudies about Quaternary of IRAN started by foreign Scientists in the beginning of 20the century. Iranian scientists tried to find Geomorphologic. Effects of climate changesand geology. They considered researches of past scientists. Consideration ofmountainous glaciers phenomenon's of IRAN are important among mentioned studies.Despite in lots of studies about Arbors mountainous and Gillian northwest glaciers. Afew studies were done about Gillian south east. Recognition of mountainous glacierseffects and knowledge increasing of geography were the aims of this research. Theabstract is written here. Campaign-historic‚ geomorphologic analysis‚ based on directobservations‚ documents consideration and will be applied methods of this research.The results of researches indicated: During north mid latitude Pleistocene freezing(cold and humid period). There were mountainous glaciers at the southeast of Roodsar.Effects of its function are observable as cirque glaciers moraine and etc‚ in the regionunder sturdy. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
18 - Locate and determine the scope of the development of Koohdasht using Fuzzy Logic and GIS
Hojjat allah pashapour Mostafa Tavakoli Nagme Abolfazl Noori Elnaz RezaeiLocate a process by which a user can be assigned to specific criteria and according toavailable resources, the perfect place to be determined.to the world of computer science andsoftware opens, it floats and unlimited space between the numbers one and zero logic andreas MoreLocate a process by which a user can be assigned to specific criteria and according toavailable resources, the perfect place to be determined.to the world of computer science andsoftware opens, it floats and unlimited space between the numbers one and zero logic andreasoning also applies to (Jvrabyan, Mahmoud et al: 1381), can also be used to locate much asvalues between zero and one will take., tilt, of processes (weathering, range, flow anderosion), the risks of failure (destruction of dams, underground water, facilities, etc.) and thusthe effects of environmental hazards on human structures and increased construction costs dueto the risks faced is, except for land located in East and West (the best locations for futurephysical development), there is no other place for physical development Kuhdasht Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
19 - Feasibility of landslide risk using Entropy model, case study: (Shirpnah mountainous region in South West Kermanshah Province)
Shirin Mohammadkhan Abdolkarim Veisi Keyvan BagheriThe main objective of this study is landslide Susceptibility mapping in the Shirpanah, byusing of Entropy model and evaluation of this model in the zoning of landslides occurrenceof Shirpanah Mountain and the extent of the influence of each of these five factors on theo MoreThe main objective of this study is landslide Susceptibility mapping in the Shirpanah, byusing of Entropy model and evaluation of this model in the zoning of landslides occurrenceof Shirpanah Mountain and the extent of the influence of each of these five factors on theoccurrence of the landslide. In the survey aerial photographs, satellite imagery, topographicmaps, geological maps and field research to identify the area and were photography from theoccurred landslide. In order to landslide susceptibility Mapping in the area of entropy modelwas used in GIS environment. The results show that the distance of the fault, slope,elevation, lithology and slope, have respectively, the greatest impact of landslides in thisarea. The total area of 20 km² (32%) is consist of in high-risk areas and 380 km² (84/48%) inaverage-risk zones. This suggests that the potential risk of landslides in the area is high. Alsothe results suggest that a 60 percent area landslides in the area in the sensitive areasidentified by the entropy model was located. Therefore, the validity of the proposed model isverified and Susceptibility maps produced can be used as a reference in the planning. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
20 - Estimation of recreation value and recognition of effective factors for Willingness to Pay for urban natural parks by using Contingent valuation method
Sedighe kiani salmiIntroduction and aim of the research: By considering indirect value approach, urban green spaces and natural parks have special functions. Vegetation and other attractions like waterfronts in urban parks, not only make the weather fair and adjust the spiritual stresses, MoreIntroduction and aim of the research: By considering indirect value approach, urban green spaces and natural parks have special functions. Vegetation and other attractions like waterfronts in urban parks, not only make the weather fair and adjust the spiritual stresses, but also provide a very suitable context for thought interchange and family communications. It is very important to estimate the value of these recreational places in a way that people and authorities become more aware of actual value of urban environment and make them determined in maintaining and planning for expansion of the places which its refusal in the long time has unpleasant consequences. Economical valuation is a method for estimating financial value of these properties for considering potential value of ecosystem resources in expansion planning, utilization management and conservation and maintenance of ecosystems as natural inheritances. The Present study is conducted to estimate the recreational value of Isfahan environment (Sofe Mountaineer Park as a case study) by using contingent valuation method. In addition, the effective factors on park visitors’ willingness to pay are specified. Method: The present research is functional with the descriptive-analytic method. SPSS software, Shazam90 economic software and Mathematica mathematical software have been used for the information analysis. Regression methods and Logit pattern models is used to answer to research hypothesis. Cochran formula and random sampling method have been used for the sample size estimation. And the research followed by 300 questionnaires. Findings: Results of Logit analysis presents that variables of income, age, education, park quality, environment partiality have a positive significant effect on estimation of people willingness to pay; and average payment willingness of family per month was 1959/219 Tomans that by considering 3 million visitors and average number of 3.8 people for every family, total amount of annual recreational value of Sofe Mountaineer Park was estimated to be 1.546.751.842 Tomans. Conclusions:According to the results, more than 75% of responders had a willingness to pay 1000-2000 tomans as the entrance fee The estimated coefficient of suggestion, which is the most important coefficient in CVM method, is significant with negative sign and it means that in a hypothetical market, willingness rate to pay decreases if suggested amount of entrance fee increases which is not impossible and is agreeable with expectation. By considering the final effect of the variable by increasing the suggested fee, the possibility of acceptance of fee payment will decrease by 48% for pastime purpose. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
21 - Mountain climbers and tourists in strengthening the role of education and ecotourism development (case study of Mount Damavand)
Mohsen Ranjbar F. Movahedian Zahra Sadat AhmadizadehPurpose of research: present research is looking for an answer to this question whether could instruction of hikers and Tourists lead to conservation of Environment, consolidation of local communities, sustainable tourism and development of Eco-tourism? And also, could MorePurpose of research: present research is looking for an answer to this question whether could instruction of hikers and Tourists lead to conservation of Environment, consolidation of local communities, sustainable tourism and development of Eco-tourism? And also, could decrement of environmental dilemmas ensue it? Mountain Eco-tourism will cause enhancement and acclamation of liability manner of tourism behavior, retention and Survival of natural places, wildlife and Ecosystems, cognition of local culture and the style of traditional life and finally design stable and suitable configuration for people and those who live in remote areas and communities.Research method: present research was accomplished in descriptive method, and people’s standpoints were evaluated (or and evaluating people’s standpoints). In this research, mountain Damavand was selected as case of study. As regards to Damavand’ height as the highest summit of Middle East, not only it is the repertory of Biodiversity accumulation with 20 ”Endemic” plant species, but also it is important in other aspects like Geology, and it isn’t just a natural phenomenon, and it has capability of World record, so it is necessary to eliminate the problems in this way. Instrument of data collection was questionnaire built up by researcher and in order to measurement of reliability, the Cronbach's alpha method had been performed by SPSS software.Conclusion: By checking the instruction indicator, it was specified that the instruction component was the reinforcement factor of Mountain Eco-tourism. It means that the higher rate of this factor causes the higher rate of reinforcement and growth of Mountain Damavand Eco-tourism. Instruction has derived 2 factors; formal instruction and informal instruction. In the end of research, it was provided solutions such as strive for design and registration of Damavand national park, Codification of comprehensive plan for mountain tourism by the experiments of hikers and local communities, instruction of mountain leaders and modeling(or imitation) of similar courses about the leaders in successful countries, constitution of corporation by indigenous people for Tourism development and presenting services and facilities to tourists, and designing birth certificate and comprehensive plan for mountain Damavand; it is hoped(or expected)that they will be performed and will be caused the reinforcement and growth of Mountain Damavand Eco-tourism. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
22 - Identification Effective Factors on Social - Economic Empowerments of Rural Women memberships of Micro-credit Funds of the Firouzkouh County
kayvan shoja chaghervand Farhad Lashgarara Maryam MahmoodiOne of the main indicators of national economic modernization and social development, is the participation of women and the role of women in economic structures. The current study was conducted to evaluate the effective factors over social and economic empowerments of r MoreOne of the main indicators of national economic modernization and social development, is the participation of women and the role of women in economic structures. The current study was conducted to evaluate the effective factors over social and economic empowerments of rural women membership of micro-credit funds of the Firouzkouh county. The statically population of this research, was rural women memberships of micro-credit fund of the city of Firoozkooh (N = 102). Due to the small sample size in this study, the census method was used. Finally, SPSS v19, Cronbach's alpha coefficients (0/823) for different sections of the questionnaire was calculated. The results showed that there is positive and significant relationship at level of 1% error among socioeconomically empowerment of women membership of micro-credit funds of Firouzkouh county and economical, educational- promotional, social-cultural, personality-psychological and level of education and there is a significant and negative correlation with age variable and there is a level of 1% error. The results also showed that 55 percent of variance changes of socioeconomically empowerment of rural women memberships of micro-credit funds were depended on personality-psychological and educational- promotional factors. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
23 - Histoanatomical study of lens and ciliary body in one- humped camel eye
Ebrahimi Saadatlou, M.A., Shahrouz, R. .In the present study, a total number of 20 eyes of adult one-humped camels were studied. Thisstudy was conducted to understand the macroscopic and microscopic structure of the lens andciliary body of camel eye. First, the lens and ciliary body of the eye was anatomicall MoreIn the present study, a total number of 20 eyes of adult one-humped camels were studied. Thisstudy was conducted to understand the macroscopic and microscopic structure of the lens andciliary body of camel eye. First, the lens and ciliary body of the eye was anatomically examinedin terms of appearance, dimensions, location and structure. Having prepared histologyy slidesand staining by H&E,Verhoeff, Trichrome masson's, and P.A.S., they were studiedmicroscopically. Posterior surface of lens was more convex than anterior surface. The averagelens diameter and thickness were respectively measured as 1.82±0.01 and 1.14±0.02centimeters. The average ciliary body thickness was measured as 0.7±0.01 centimeters. Inaddition, as the ciliary body was seen annular, it has mean external and internal diameters as2.9±0.07 and 2.5±0.02 centimeters. The epithelium of lens was cuboid and the lens capsule haspositive PAS reaction intensively. Also the anterior surface of capsule was thicker than posteriorsurface. The density of lens fibers in sub capsular part were more than central. The elastic fibersin lens was not observed. The ciliary process epithelium has two layers, that superficial layerwas pigmented and cuboid. Under the unpigmented epithelium, melanocytes with high pigmentswere situated. Connective tissue of ciliary body has more longitudinal smooth muscle fibers,blood and lymphatic vessels. Elastic fibers of connective tissue in ciliary body were thicknessand more. In conclusion, the lens and ciliary body of camels were similar to large ruminantsalthough there were little differences in anatomic dimensions and histologic characteristics. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
24 - Histopathologic evaluation of pulmonary lesions in camel in Iran (Camelus dromedarius)
A. Chitgar, ایرج Sohrabi Haghdost, J. Jamshidian, S. Hesaraki,Pulmonary infections are of important diseases in camel that jeopardize the health of the animaland decrease its production efficiency. Considering that prevention and treatment of pulmonaryinfections necessitate the knowledge of respiratory diseases and the fact that l MorePulmonary infections are of important diseases in camel that jeopardize the health of the animaland decrease its production efficiency. Considering that prevention and treatment of pulmonaryinfections necessitate the knowledge of respiratory diseases and the fact that little information isavailable in this regard in camel, the present study was conducted to investigate the pulmonarylesions using histopathological methods in camels slaughtered. The respiratory tracts of thecamels were thoroughly inspected for lesions. Specimens were fixed in 10% formalin. Next, thesamples were stained using Hematoxilin and eosin stain (H&E) and were evaluated. Theoccurrence of pulmonary lesions was 79.6% (236/447). The occurrence acute interstitialpneumonia, chronic interstitial pneumonia, bronchopneumonia, bronchiolitis, pleuritis andatelectasis were 52.8% (236/447), 5.4% (24/447), 7.8% (35/447), 6.7% (30/447), 3.4% (15/447)and 15.2% (68/447), respectively. The occurrence of pulmonary lesions, acute interstitialpneumonia and bronchopneumonia was higher in fall and winter than spring and summer (P <0.05). In conclusion, the present study showed high occurrence of pulmonary lesions in camels.Moreover, the results revealed higher occurrence of pulmonary lesions in cold seasons. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
25 - مطالعه تکوینی پرز شیمیایی زبان در جنین شتر یک کوهانه ایرانی
E. Salehi ایرج Pousty , M Morovatisharifabadدانش ما در مورد توسعه و رشدپرزهای قارچی جنین شتر یک کوهانه بسیار اندک می­باشد. بنابراین در این مطالعه چگونگی توسعه­ی پرزهای قارچی و همچنین جوانه­های چشایی آن از منظر بافتشناسی مورد مطالعه قرار گرفت که در مجموع 25 جنین شتر از هر دو جنس بررسی شدند. جنین­ه Moreدانش ما در مورد توسعه و رشدپرزهای قارچی جنین شتر یک کوهانه بسیار اندک می­باشد. بنابراین در این مطالعه چگونگی توسعه­ی پرزهای قارچی و همچنین جوانه­های چشایی آن از منظر بافتشناسی مورد مطالعه قرار گرفت که در مجموع 25 جنین شتر از هر دو جنس بررسی شدند. جنین­ها به پنج گروه با سنین تقریبی 7-6 هفته، 11 هفته، 13-12 هفته، 16-15 هفته و 18-17 هفته تقسیم بندی شدند. جهت بررسی­های بافتشناسی جنین­ها، پس از ثبوت و پاساژ توسط روش رنگ­آمیزی هماتوکسیلین ـ ائوزین رنگ­آمیزی شده و با میکروسکوپ نوری مورد مطالعه قرار گرفتند. شواهدی مبنی بر افزایش ضخامت اپیتلیوم به 4 تا 6 لایه در هفته 6-7 مشاهده گردید. در حدود هفته 11 الگوهای ابتدایی پرزهای قارچیو سلولهای عضلانی پدیدار گردید. در جنین های 12-13 هفته­ای وجود لامینا پروپریا و بافت همبند به همراه عروق خونی در زیر پرزها گواهی بر تمایز بیشتر آن­ها بود. تمایز اپیتلیوم تا هفته 16-15 یعنی در زمانی که الگوهای ابتدایی جوانه­های چشایی مشاهده گردید، ادامه یافت. در جنین 17-18 هفته ای جوانه­های چشایی به خوبی توسعه یافته و سلولهای چشایی نیز قابل تشخیص بودند. یافته­های تحقیق حاضر نشان داد که مراحل تمایز پرزهای قارچی شکل در جنین شتر یک کوهانه در یک دوره­ی 6 تا 18 هفته­ای و با ضخیم­شدگی اپیتلیوم زبان آغاز شده و در ادامه بافت همبند و عروق خونی توسعه می­یابد و در نهایت نیز تمایز سلولهای جوانه­های چشایی بر روی پرزهای قارچی صورت می­گیرد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
26 - Phytoremediation of heavy metal (Lead, Zinc and Cadmium) from polluted soils by Arasbaran protected area native plants
Fatemeh Akbarpour Saraskanroud Farhad Sadri Dariush GolalizadehHeavy metals are the most important soil and environmental pollutants. Phytoremedation is one of the environmental oriented technologies that use plants to clean up contaminated soils from heavy metals. The objective of this study was to assess the capability MoreHeavy metals are the most important soil and environmental pollutants. Phytoremedation is one of the environmental oriented technologies that use plants to clean up contaminated soils from heavy metals. The objective of this study was to assess the capability of some native plants to phytoextract some heavy metals from the contaminated soils. Consequently, after preparing and stabilization of the contaminated soils, the seeds of some native plants (Arabis arenosa, Amaranthus retroflexus, Agropyron repens) were seeded, grown and harvested in a designed pot experiment. The soil and plant samples were taken and dried out in an oven at 85 Qc for 48 hours. The mean concentration of each heavy metal in the samples was determined using Atomic Absorption Spectrometry apparatus. The results indicated that Pb and Cd concentration in plant roots were more than shoots. Lead concentration in plant underground portion and Zinc concentration in aboveground portion were higher. The results further indicated that the maximum Zinc concentration in Agropyron repens aboveground portion was 262.65 Mgkg-1 and the maximum Pb concentration in amaranthus retrofleus underground portion was 71.25 Mgkg-1. From the plant extraction of this study we discovered that pb and cd concentration in soils are considered to become higher in root than shoots of plants. Pb concentration in underground portion and zinc concentration in aboveground portion is higher. Finding of this research show that Zinc concentration maximum in Agropyron repens aboveground portion is 262.65 mgkg-1 and Pb concentration maximum in Amaranthus retroflexus underground portion is 71.25 mgkg-1 . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
27 - The Symbol of Height in Religions
فاطمه لاجوردی حکیمه طالش باباییSymbol is one of the means that leads to cognition and is the mostfundamental way of expressing the ideas which without symbolismthey cannot be revealed. Therefore, symbols fulfill a prominentfunction in the area of religious ideas. Religious traditions are full ofmyths MoreSymbol is one of the means that leads to cognition and is the mostfundamental way of expressing the ideas which without symbolismthey cannot be revealed. Therefore, symbols fulfill a prominentfunction in the area of religious ideas. Religious traditions are full ofmyths and in this sphere only the symbolic language could be useful. Inother words, symbol is the language of the myth. Among the religioussymbols Height is one that has played an important role from theprimitive age until now. It has always been identified with a kind ofvalue that connects human’s mind to superiority, transcendence anddivinity. This article firstly tries to survey the concept of symbol andsymbolism and then the function of it in the area of religion and myth.Finally it studies the symbol of Height and its major manifestationssuch as sky and mountain. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
28 - The Study of Antimicrobial Effect of Silver Nanoparticles Biosynthesized by the Leaf Aqueous Extract of Kelussia odoratissima Mozaff. against Some Pathogenic Microbes with Food Sources
O. Azizian Shermeh M. Taherizadeh M. Valizadeh A. Ghasemi M. Beigomi A. Kamali DeljooIntroduction: Growth of food pathogenic microorganism is one the major obstacles in the foodindustry. Nano technology has a broad application in all parts of food industry. The developmentof bacterial resistance to antibiotics and antimicrobial effect of silver nanopart MoreIntroduction: Growth of food pathogenic microorganism is one the major obstacles in the foodindustry. Nano technology has a broad application in all parts of food industry. The developmentof bacterial resistance to antibiotics and antimicrobial effect of silver nanoparticles, has caused theattention of researches to this subject. In this study, biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles and theeffective parameters concerned and the antimicrobial effect of them against some food pathogensfor use in antimicrobial packaging has been discussed.Materials and Methods: Silver nanoparticles were synthesized by the leaf aqueous extract ofKelussia odoratissima Mozaff. In order to achieve Silver nanoparticles with a uniform shape andminimum size, effective parameters on synthesis such as: pH of reaction, extract volume,concentration of Ag+ and reaction time, were studied and optimized by UV-Visspectrophotometry. After characterization of nanoparticles using TEM and XRD techniques, theirantimicrobial activities were investigated against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus,Escherichia coli, Salmonella tifimurium,Listeria monocytogenes 4b, Aspergilus Flavus,Penicillium expansum, Clavicpes purpurea by Agar Well Diffusion and MIC, methods.Results: Silver nanoparticles that had been biosynthesized with the approximate size of 20-25nm,had high antimicrobial activity against all of microorganisms and this activity was dependent onthe concentration of silver nanoparticles, therefore in very low concentrations, they prevented thegrowth of microorganisms.Conclusion: Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles, made nanoparticles with minimum size andbetter performance. Currently these nanoparticles can be use in food industry as food disinfectantfilters, food coatings and packaging and cleaning the food pruduction lines. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
29 - The effect of using the bamboo leaf and Oregano (Mentha logifolia L.) essential oil on acrylamide content qualitative characteristics in Zwieback
A.H. Abasian Rad M. Salehifar T. MostaghimIntroduction: Zwieback is a form of rusk eaten in Poland, German, Scandinavia and many other countries. It is a type of crisped, sweetened bread made with eggs and baked twice. Bamboo leaf and oregano essential oil are natural antioxidant which can reduced the acrylamid MoreIntroduction: Zwieback is a form of rusk eaten in Poland, German, Scandinavia and many other countries. It is a type of crisped, sweetened bread made with eggs and baked twice. Bamboo leaf and oregano essential oil are natural antioxidant which can reduced the acrylamide content in Zwieback and have major effects on the quality characteristics of baked products. Materials and Methods: In this work investigation were performed by adding Bamboo leaf and Oregano essential oil to reduce the amount of acrylamide in Zwieback bread. The variables were the percentage of Bamboo leaves and Oregano extract0.1%, 0.15% and 0.2% and 0.002%, 0.003 % and 0.004%, respectively. Statistical analysisperformed. Physical and rheological characteristics such as density and viscosity as well as the physicochemical characteristics of rusks including moisture, firmness, acrylamide concentration, and sensory characteristics were evaluated according to the national standards. Results: The results showed significant differences in the density and viscosity of the paste characteristics, moisture content, firmness, acrylamide concentration and sensory evaluation. According to the tests carried out and the comments of panelists, Zwieback containing oregano essential oil (0.004%) and 0.2 % Bamboo leaf was the closest to the control and was accepted as the best treatment. Conclusion: The best treatment reduced the acrylamide concentration considerably as compared to control was containing 0.004 oregano essential oil and 0.2 % Bamboo leaf. This treatment reduced the acrylamide concentration by 59% as compared to the control. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
30 - Developing Strategies for Tourism Development in the Mountain Areas by using SWOT model and QSPM matrix (Case Study: Mountain Areas adjacent to Tehran Municipality Region 1)
Saeed Motahari Reza Arjmandi جعفر نوری Borhan RiaziIntroduction:The existence of mountains near Tehran has created an opportunity for economic development, and is suitable for citizens to spend their leisure time as well. The tourism growth trend in these areas, without taking into account the strategic planning, has le MoreIntroduction:The existence of mountains near Tehran has created an opportunity for economic development, and is suitable for citizens to spend their leisure time as well. The tourism growth trend in these areas, without taking into account the strategic planning, has led to adverse environmental impacts especially to mountain areas adjacent to Tehran Municipality Region 1 due to uncontrolled utilization. Therefore, the current study aims to assist the management and planning process in area under studyMaterial and Methods:This analytical-descriptive study has been carried out in three stages. In the first step, the Internal and External Factors Evaluation (IFE and EFE) matrixes were prepared to evaluate the current situation. In the second step, the SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats) matrix was developed, and accordingly strategies were presented. In the third stage, by preparing the Quantitative Strategic Planning Matrix (QSPM), the strategies were evaluated and prioritizedResults and Discussion:In the IFE matrix the highest weighted score was assigned to “create a structure named specific mountain area in Tehran Municipality Region 1”, and in the EFE matrix “low awareness of tourists about importance of mountains” is the highest. According to the results, 26 strategies extracted. Based on comparison of mentioned strategies, “preparation of the tourism master plan and equipping tourist services in partnership with related organization” is the first step towards strategic management goals in area under study, and “maintaining features and distinctive aspects of the valleys of southern slopes of Alborz with the aim of preserving the diversity of tourism products” is the second priority. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
31 - Investigating Different Methods for Estimating the Need for Environmental Water (Case Study: Alandchay River)
Elmira Pirouzian Mahdi Sarai Tabrizi Hossein SedghiBackground and Objective: Water resource development plans have several environmental impacts, the most important of which are natural river flow change and downstream surface reduction of flow. Estimation of the environmental flow required for the health of rivers and MoreBackground and Objective: Water resource development plans have several environmental impacts, the most important of which are natural river flow change and downstream surface reduction of flow. Estimation of the environmental flow required for the health of rivers and downstream ecosystems are of particular important. A sustainable strategy is a revision of the allocation of water for various uses and an increase in the share of the environmental flow from the current 10% to (20-40%) annual yields of rivers. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the monthly distribution of the environmental flow of an indicating river with a permanent flow (Alandachay river) using existing hydro-ecological methods.Method: In this paper, seven hydro-ecological methods were used: (1- Tennant; 2- Tessman; FDC 4- Smakhtin 5- FDC shifting 6-DRM; 7- Water-quality method called Q-relation). The results of environmental estimation of Alandachay River were calculated using different methods.Findings: According to this paper, the environmental law of the Alandachay river in the FDC shifting method and with acceptance of the river conditions at the minimum ecological status acceptable (environmental management class C), at hydrometry station, average annual flow rate was estimated to be 1.56 cubic meters per second, which considering the amount of environmental water, the highest calculated amount of all seven methods and was calculated 0.39 by using Tennant method. The other remaining methods were between these methods.Discussion and Conclusion: The results of this paper show the accuracy of the FDC shifting method with the environmental class C at the studied station at 1.56 cubic meters per second as the bio-management class. These results show that quick methods of calculating the environmental flow used in Iran are mainly applied without considering the environmental conditions. This greatly reduces the accuracy of the results and even yields the opposite results. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
32 - Studing the Role of Education in Raising the Ecological Literacy of the Rural Community (Case Study: Aftabdar Village in Qazvin Alamut Region)
hossein medi Atefeh khani alamoutiBackground and Objective: By reviewing human activities during last decades, it seems that inappropriate human activities and changes in the environment caused immense ecological problems and sometimes it is irreparable. Ecosystems in the nature are so various and destr MoreBackground and Objective: By reviewing human activities during last decades, it seems that inappropriate human activities and changes in the environment caused immense ecological problems and sometimes it is irreparable. Ecosystems in the nature are so various and destruction of one gradually destroys the entire ecosystem and thus will disturb the ecology of the area. The result of this article is: Understanding Mechanisms and Construction Method in Mountainous Regions and Ecosystems, The training of environmental and animal sensitivities, attractiveness and attraction (rivers, lands, soils, etc.) and the energy available in the region to people, gardeners, agricultural technicians, etc., using new and appropriate methods instead of past Old and obsolete methods & The need to remind and show the damage that has been inflicted by people outside the area to the targeted area. Since there have been a few numbers of ecological studies in Qazvin, and even in Iran, and because of diverse animal and plant species and natural, lack of biological resources and abundant internal energy region of Alamout, recognition the species and finally to educate the results of the investigation to people are required. Method: Our research method is survey and the analysis of research hypotheses test is done by using the deductive method and SPSS software. Findings: Due to these requirements, the study is based on interviews with experts from the Department of Environment, Agriculture, Agricultural Research Center of Qazvin _ and several professors of Imam Khomeini International University and a group of experts and CEOs of cooperatives and even people in order to analyze the importance of Ecological education. Discussion and Conclusion: In the following sections, with review these statistics and the results achievement Descriptive and analytical analysis (Independent T-test and Levin, Cronbach's alpha, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and Friedman test), in SPSS software it can be concluded that education is one of the key factors in the promotion of ecological knowledge In the rural community. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
33 - Impact of Tectonostratigraphy on Environment in Lead Mine and on Surmeh MountainFars Province
Alireza sepasdar Ahmad Zamani Korus yazdjerdi Mohsen poorkermani Manuchehr GorashieAbstract Background and Objective: The impact of tectonic activities on environmental pollution was investigated by lead and zinc mines at Surmeh. Method: In this study, the 6EPA standard method was used and tested 7 times around the water and soil around the area and w MoreAbstract Background and Objective: The impact of tectonic activities on environmental pollution was investigated by lead and zinc mines at Surmeh. Method: In this study, the 6EPA standard method was used and tested 7 times around the water and soil around the area and was expected to have adverse environmental effects, like other lead and zinc mines in the country such as Angoran and Zahabad. Finding: Studies have shown that the amount of lead in soil and water is standard for agricultural use and has little environmental impact. Discussion and Conclusion: Based on stratigraphic columns prepared in the Surmeh Mountains containing the salt marshes of the Hormoz and calcareous Dalan Formations and the Nare Evaporites, the tectonic effects of alpine activity acting in two tensile-shear and compressional conditions have resulted in the Dalan calcareous formation containing ore deposits. Lead and some clay minerals are marl, located in the core of the Surma anticline which provides salt diapirism conditions in different tectonic phases and eventually due to the calcium carbonate uptake in the Dalan Formation and the high uptake capacity of clay and salt minerals in the lead. Higher levels prevent lead release in groundwater and its derivatives in confined air and soil. Thus it can be said that the regional tectonics has resulted in the creation of a natural filter for active adsorption of lead in the range. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
34 - The Study Views of Climbing Sport Tourists of Ilam City Residents in Order to Develop Tourism with Emphasis on the Safety of Tourists (Case study: mountainous area of Gachan)
javad alibeygi behrouz sepidnamehBackground and Objective: In this study, the views of mountaineering sports tourists living in the city of Ilam in the mountainous region of Gachan in order to plan for the development of tourism with emphasis on the security of tourists have been studied. Method: The MoreBackground and Objective: In this study, the views of mountaineering sports tourists living in the city of Ilam in the mountainous region of Gachan in order to plan for the development of tourism with emphasis on the security of tourists have been studied. Method: The research is an applied research, the methods of data collection is descriptive and analytic, the methods of data analysis is conducted both descriptive and inferential statistics (T & Friedman test).The Statistical Society is consisted of climbing sport tourists of Gachan mountainous area that has been obtained 77 tourists with the use of available sampling or random method. Findings: Based on the findings, Men (66 percent) accounted for the highest percentage of respondents and the largest age group of respondents is between the ages of "25 to 44 year". Tourists often have a bachelor's degree level (37.7 percent) and Diploma (22.1 percent). The origin location of the most Mountaineer tourists is the city of Ilam. Employees (8/33 percent) have formed the highest number of respondents. Most tourists (4/84 percent) access to the area Gachan with private vehicle.Tourists visit the area often "with family" (9/51 percent) and "with friends" (1.22 percent). Often of tourists are agreeing to pay 5,000 rials to 15,000 rials in the right input. Tourists have been reported the main motivations and reasons for choosing the region "tourism, sport and health". Disscousion and Conclusion: Also, hypothesis test results indicate that in general, level of insecurity in Gachan area for tourists is higher than average which can have a negative effect on tourism and sports tourism. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
35 - Study of Carbon sequestration in trees and soil in two urban parks of Kohdasht City
Sharifeh Heidarian Farhad Ghasemi AghbashBackground and objectives: The increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide in recent years has led to increased global warming and climate change. Carbon sequestration in tree, vegetation and subsoil cover is the simplest and most economically viable way to reduce atmospheri MoreBackground and objectives: The increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide in recent years has led to increased global warming and climate change. Carbon sequestration in tree, vegetation and subsoil cover is the simplest and most economically viable way to reduce atmospheric carbon. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the amount of carbon sequestration of tree cover and soil in two urban parks of Kuhdasht (Shaghayegh and Shahid Beheshti parks).Methods: In order to achieve the desired goal, the trees of both parks were surveyed. Also, soil samples were collected at two depths of 0 to 15 and 15 to 30 cm from inside the park and land free of vegetation adjacent to the park (as a control) and prepared for relevant analyzes.Discussion and Conclusion: The results showed that the amount of soil carbon sequestration at depths of 0 to 15 and 15 to 30 cm in Shaghayegh Park and its control area were 107.7, 251.65, 23.52 and 45.48 tons, respectively. In hectares of Shahid Beheshti Park and its control area, 11.93, 20.83, 32.05 and 53.13 tons per hectare were significantly higher (P <0.01), respectively. Density and variability in tree cover mixing also had a significant effect on the amount of sediment carbon (sycamore 53.13, Mashhad pine 31.32, Tehran pine 32.05 and ball acacia 12.81 tons per hectare). In general, the carbon sequestration of Shaghayegh Park is more than Shahid Beheshti Park, and among the main reasons are soil texture (clay), high density and variety of tree cover, as well as proximity to the asphalt access road. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
36 - Performance of Revised Gash Model for Estimating Rainfall Interception in a Robinia pseudoacacia plantation during the leafed and leafless periods
Sina Ziaye Shendershami Ameneh Mianabadi Seyed Mohammad Moein SadeghiBackground and Objectives: Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the revised Gash model in estimating interception by a Robinia pseudoacacia (L.) stand during the leafed and leafless periods in Chitgar Forest Park. Material and Methodology: A circular plot with an ar MoreBackground and Objectives: Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the revised Gash model in estimating interception by a Robinia pseudoacacia (L.) stand during the leafed and leafless periods in Chitgar Forest Park. Material and Methodology: A circular plot with an area of 0.5 ha in Chitgar Forest Park was selected and rainfall, throughfall, and stemflow were measured for two years (from 22 December 2013 to 21 December 2015). Then, the amounts of canopy and trunks ecohydrological parameters were calculated, and finally, the efficiency of the revised Gash model for estimating interception was evaluated. Findings: In this study, the mean amount of rainfall interception in the leafed period (12.7%) was significantly higher than the leafless period (9.7%). The determination coefficient (R2) value between the estimated interception values and the measured in the leafless period was higher than in the leafed period. Based on all model evaluation metrics, the performance of the revised Gash model in estimating interception in the leafless period was better than in the leafed period. Discussion and Conclusion: Based on the findings of this study, the Revised Gash model showed good ability in estimating interception during the leafless period, and a probable reason for the high estimation error of the model in the leafed period is the lack of direct measurement of the canopy percentage parameter. Accurately determining the amount of interception, as a canopy water loss, contributes significantly to the planning and decision-making process of forest managers and water resources managers for selecting the appropriate species for plantations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
37 - Economic Valuation of Promenades Using Zonal Travel Costs Method (Z.T.C.M) (Case study: Koohrang Waterfall of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province)
Davood Mafi Gholami Nabiollah Yarali Akram Nouri KamariIntroduction: According to daily increasing request of people for promenades and recreationalcenters, social and economic analysis and full review of people requirements is a key factor inproviding required facilities.Materials and Methods: In this study, Zonal Travel C MoreIntroduction: According to daily increasing request of people for promenades and recreationalcenters, social and economic analysis and full review of people requirements is a key factor inproviding required facilities.Materials and Methods: In this study, Zonal Travel Costs Method (Z.T.C.M) was used forrecreational valuation of Koohrang waterfall. This method is based on map, overview, socialeconomicalcharacteristics of visitors of promenades and also increasing in cost and distant fromregion.Results: Obtained data from completed questionnaire by visitors, statistical calculations regarding todistribution of visitors and estimating travel costs showed that the recreational value of Koohrangwaterfall is 156.377.600.000 Iranian Rials. Money making value depends on the best natural locationand beautiful sights around it. Results showed that variables like age, education and amount ofvisitor’s income had significant impacts on use of promenades. Investigating amount of visitor’sincome showed strong correlation between this variable and number of visited days of promenade andalso their interest to pay entrance charges. It also showed that level of education has a key role inabsorbing visitors for Koohrang waterfall as most of the visitors were university graduates. Level ofadvantage has direct relation with income, as relief times of people would increase by increasing levelof education. Investigation of studying in some promenades of the country showed that there are moreinterest among teenagers and middle ages but our results showed most of the visitors (25%) were inthe range of 30-34. Results provided some valuable information to graduate promenade level ofKoohrang waterfall Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
38 - Quality Evaluation of Composted Urban Solid Wastes Materials Produced in Tehran Arad-Kouh Factory Using Parameters of CIELAB Color Standard during Production Process
Hadith Khandehroo Bubak SouriBackground and objective: CIE color standard system has been extensively used to determinevarious physic-chemical characteristics of porous media such as soil. Objective of this study is toevaluate the relationship of C/N ratio and organic matter percentage with paramet MoreBackground and objective: CIE color standard system has been extensively used to determinevarious physic-chemical characteristics of porous media such as soil. Objective of this study is toevaluate the relationship of C/N ratio and organic matter percentage with parameters of CIELAB colorstandard system during composting production process.Material and methods: In this study, changes on parameters of CIELAB color standard alongsidewith organic matter percentages and values of C/N ratio were measured for 90 days during urban solidwastes materials’ composting process in Arad-Kouh factory in Tehran.Results: The results showed that there are significant relationships of L* with organic matter(r=0.942, α=0.01) and ratio of C/N (r=0.915, α=0.01) from one hand and parameter of a*/b* withorganic matter (r=-0.876, α=0.01) and ratio of C/N (r=-0.893, α=0.01) from other hand.Conclusion: Statistical interpretation of the obtained results approved that instead of commonanalytical methods for quality evaluation of composted materials; parameters of L* and a*/b* areeasy, inexpensive and quick to estimate ratio of C/N and organic matter percentage of compostedurban solid wastes materials reliably. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
39 - Valuation of Ecotourism in Order to Preserve the Outdoor Recreation and Promenade of Shirkooh of Yazd Zone
Mohammadreza Zare Mehrjerdi Maryam ZiaabadiIntroduction: This research has studied to determinate the value of preservation of Shirkooh zone andadjacent outdoor recreation villages and measured the individuals willingness to pay (WTP) forpreservation profits of this zone.Material and Method: Logit model was used MoreIntroduction: This research has studied to determinate the value of preservation of Shirkooh zone andadjacent outdoor recreation villages and measured the individuals willingness to pay (WTP) forpreservation profits of this zone.Material and Method: Logit model was used for measuring of individual's willingness to pay andestimation parameters of the model are based on method of maximum likely hood (ML).Result and Discussion: The results showed that 79.1% individuals have the willingness to pay forpreservation of this zone. In this study, the mean of WTP for preservation value of this zone is31250 Ir. Rials per month per household. Therefore Shirkooh promenade zone has considerablepreservation value and this value, policy and decision persuades the suitable preservation of this zone. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
40 - Study on Flora, Vegetation Structure and Chorology of Plants in Some Parts of Protected Area of Oshtorankooh, Lorestan Province
Sara Abasi maryam behdarvand Habib Zare Babak Pilehvar Seyed Mohsen HosseiniPlantation area of Zagros in west Iran is amongst the richest and most valuable interconnectedecosystems in Iran which contains enormous genetic and plant resources and it is of the significantimportance in terms of diversity and combination of floristic. The Protection MorePlantation area of Zagros in west Iran is amongst the richest and most valuable interconnectedecosystems in Iran which contains enormous genetic and plant resources and it is of the significantimportance in terms of diversity and combination of floristic. The Protection area of Oshtorankooh inLorestan province is considered as one of the distinguished ecosystems of this area. For this reason,this study addresses the introduction of Floristic, and Chorology investigation and examination ofVegetation Structure of the plants in a certain part of central Zagros mountain slopes located atOshtorankooh, Lorestan. The results of this study include identification of 62 species related to 24families within area of just 50 hectares, located at 1600-1800 Meters altitude in Proteced area ofOshtorankooh. Asteraceae, Papilionaceae, Poaceae, Rosaceae, Lamiaceae, Liliaceae and Apiaceae andthey are the most important available families of this region and comprise70%of overall species.Hemicryptophytes (32%) and Therophytes (31%) are the dominant biological forms. Chorologicinvestigation of the species and extraction of Chorotypes showed that Irano-Turanian (39%), Irano-Turanian–Mediterranean (22%) and Irano-Turanian–Mediterranean–Siberian European (17%)growing elements are the most important available chorological groups of this area and other plantcombination is related to Caro-types which are found in two or several regions and stand in the lowerorders of importance. In addition, endemically, 10 species, namely 16% of them are special andendemic within territory of Iran which comprises 0.6 % of overall endemic species of Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
41 - Study of Plant Biodiversity in West of Oshtorankooh region, Lorestan
Sara Abasi Babak Pilevar seyed mohsen HosseiniThe purpose of this study was to investigate floral and plant species diversity in west of Oshtorankoohregion, Lorestan, Iran. In 1600-1800 m altitude range at the study area 62 species from 24 familieswere found which 10 species of them are endemic within territory of MoreThe purpose of this study was to investigate floral and plant species diversity in west of Oshtorankoohregion, Lorestan, Iran. In 1600-1800 m altitude range at the study area 62 species from 24 familieswere found which 10 species of them are endemic within territory of Iran. In this study in order toavoid effecting factors such as slope, aspect, altitude, and soil three sites were chosen with the possiblesimilarity. The results from One-Way analysis of variance and Duncan average comparison testsshowed that the status of diversity indices in the site 1 and 2 were better than site 3. At probabilitylevel of 99% there was significant difference between species dominance index for the site1, 2, and 3.In terms of richness and diversity, site 1 and 2 has better conditions compared to the site 3. Also thecomparison of diversity diagrams in three sites shows that diversity level in the site 2 is more than theothers, while productivity in the site 1 is better. On the other hand both diversity and productivity inthe site 3 is low and the rate of extinction is high. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
42 - یک روش عددی برای حل معادله دیفرانسیل ضربه فازی براساس روشهای فازی
محدثه دیرباز سعید عباسبندیدر این مقاله، ابتدا روش درونیابی تفضلات تقسیم شدهی نیوتن بر اساس تفاضلات تقسیمشدهی هاکوهارا، برای دادههای فازی معرفی میشود. سپس روشهای عددی اویلر فازی و اویلر بهبودیافته فازی برای حل مسئله مقدار اولیه ضربه فازی به کار میروند. بهعلاوه، الگوریتم برای حل مسئله مق Moreدر این مقاله، ابتدا روش درونیابی تفضلات تقسیم شدهی نیوتن بر اساس تفاضلات تقسیمشدهی هاکوهارا، برای دادههای فازی معرفی میشود. سپس روشهای عددی اویلر فازی و اویلر بهبودیافته فازی برای حل مسئله مقدار اولیه ضربه فازی به کار میروند. بهعلاوه، الگوریتم برای حل مسئله مقدار اولیه ضربه فازی توضیح داده میشود و خطای قطع شدهی موضعی آنها با جزئیات محاسبه میشود. در نهایت، برای نشان دادن کارآمدی روش چند مثال عددی حل میشود. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
43 - مطالعه ای در مورد راه حل های تحلیلی معادله دیفرانسیل با مشتقات جزئی
راضیه قاسمی مقدم سعید عباسبندی محسن رستمی مال خلیفهدر مقاله حاضر، با در نظر گرفتن مشتق تعمیمیافته هاکوهارا، جوابهای موجی سفری فازی را برای معادله حملونقل خطی فازی و معادله موج فازی به دست میآوریم. فرمولهای دالامبر برای معادله موج فازی با در نظر گرفتن نوعی gh- مشتقپذیری جواب، حاصل میگردد. همچنین، وجود و یکتایی این Moreدر مقاله حاضر، با در نظر گرفتن مشتق تعمیمیافته هاکوهارا، جوابهای موجی سفری فازی را برای معادله حملونقل خطی فازی و معادله موج فازی به دست میآوریم. فرمولهای دالامبر برای معادله موج فازی با در نظر گرفتن نوعی gh- مشتقپذیری جواب، حاصل میگردد. همچنین، وجود و یکتایی این جوابها و پایداری معادله موج نشان دادهشده است. بعلاوه، چندین مثال جهت توضیح تکنیک حل میگردد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
44 - جواب عددی از معادلات دیفرانسیل فازی هیبریدی مرتبه دوم با دیفرانسیل پذیری تعمیم یافته
نیره شهریاری سعید عباسبندیدر این مقاله، یک روش عددی برای حل معادلات دیفرانسیل فازی هیبریدی مرتبه دوم با استفاده از بسط تیلور فازی تحت دیفرانسیل پذیری تعمیم یافته هاکوهارا و همچنین قضیه همگرایی ارائه شده است. همچنین کاربرد روش با حل چندین مثال عددی نشان داده شده است. نتایج نهایی نشان دهنده& Moreدر این مقاله، یک روش عددی برای حل معادلات دیفرانسیل فازی هیبریدی مرتبه دوم با استفاده از بسط تیلور فازی تحت دیفرانسیل پذیری تعمیم یافته هاکوهارا و همچنین قضیه همگرایی ارائه شده است. همچنین کاربرد روش با حل چندین مثال عددی نشان داده شده است. نتایج نهایی نشان دهنده جواب معادلات دیفرانسیل فازی هیبریدی مرتبه دوم است. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
45 - Prioritization of Sustainable Development Components in the Planning of Ecology Parks Case study: (Mashhad Park Mountain)
Toktam Hanaee Moslem Seyedolhosseini Elnaz KhaliliBackground and Objective: By reviewing the previous articles on the two areas of ecology park and sustainable development, it can be concluded that most studies have focused on the concepts and components of these two areas separately and a study on the integration of t MoreBackground and Objective: By reviewing the previous articles on the two areas of ecology park and sustainable development, it can be concluded that most studies have focused on the concepts and components of these two areas separately and a study on the integration of these two areas and interactions. They have not been done on top of each other, so the main purpose of this study is to identify the compone Methods: This research is quantitative in terms of a practical purpose, in terms of the nature and method of carrying out descriptive-analytical work and its research method. For the questions of the questionnaire, 28 active experts in the field of sustainable development and green space of Mashhad were selected by the full number method. Analyzing the results, according to the type of spectrum used in the questions, structural equations and factor analysis were used by Smart Pls and SPSS software. nts of ecological parks and prioritize them with the approach of sustainable urban development. Results: The findings of this study indicate that the importance of the main components in the ecological park, which includes 89% environmental sustainability, 55% socio-economic sustainability, and 57% physical-functional sustainability, respectively, so the highest priority with The variable is environmental sustainability, and the lowest priority is socio-economic sustainability. Discussion and Conclusions: The results indicate that the priority of ecological park indicators to promote sustainable development, respectively, priority includes energy sustainability - office building, energy sustainability — ecology, ecological diversity, conservation — ecology, welfare and health, social justice, economic security participation and attendance, functional flexibility, physical diversity, green landscape, diversity of routes, sustainable transportation, pedestrianization and functional creativity. In Mashhad Park Mountain, among the three main components, the highest score is related to environmental sustainability due to the natural mountain bed and the lowest score is socio-economic sustainability. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
46 - Economic-recreational valuation of Koohestan forest park of Kermanshah using Zonal Travel Cost Method (Z.T.C.M)
Sohrab Moradi Saleh MahmoudiBackground and Objective: Nowadays, regular evaluation of recreational and non-market benefits of environmental resources is necessary so that those positive aspects be combined into politics and planned decisions. The main goal of this research is economic-recreational MoreBackground and Objective: Nowadays, regular evaluation of recreational and non-market benefits of environmental resources is necessary so that those positive aspects be combined into politics and planned decisions. The main goal of this research is economic-recreational valuation of Koohestan forest park-Kermanshah using the zonal travel cost method.Materials and Methods: Collecting quantitative and qualitative data, visiting the park, preparing questionnaires and analysis of the findings using Excel software have been the main principles of the related research. Validity and reliability of the questionnaires were approved by the scientific board members of Payame Noor University and Cronbach alpha coefficient respectively.Results: Investigating the monthly income level of visitors showed that there is a high correlation between this variable in one hand and the number of days of visiting the promenade and also willingness to pay the entrance fee on the other hand. The results also showed that the level of education also plays an important role in attracting tourists such that the largest number of visitors was literate people. Reviewing of the carried out studies over Koohestan Forest Park showed that the highest number of visitors (48%) were in the age range of 20-35 years.The high recreational value of Koohestan forest park, which was calculated in the spring and summer of 2016, was equal to 727045380 rials.Discussion and Conclusions: The results indicate the need for more attention and the development of a comprehensive plan of tourism development for forest parks that can be an effective tool in planning and managing developmental projects. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
47 - Environmentally Friendly Water Supply System in Yokohama
Seyed Mohammad MousavianWater is one of the basic human needs and the supply, transmission and distribution of it is a serious issue. But this important issue dose not overshadows the design and application of various technologies in the water supply system that least damage to the environment MoreWater is one of the basic human needs and the supply, transmission and distribution of it is a serious issue. But this important issue dose not overshadows the design and application of various technologies in the water supply system that least damage to the environment and reduce environmental pollution, affect energy consumption. Therefore, planning and measures for minimizing the negative impacts of the construction of dams, reservoirs and pipelines, energy consumption for pumps and processes and intersection transfer on the environment is essential. In this regard, Yokohama water supply system can be as an appropriate model in the field of water supply of a city with the least damage to the environment. This article is the result of a training course in 2015 in Japan as well as study and research on water supply system in Yokohama as an environmentally friendly water supply system and explains the methods used to reduce pollution in different parts of the water supply system of the mentioned city and aims to brief acquaintance authorities and experts concerned with the water supply system, as regards the Japanese by simple methods, proper positioning, using natural resources, application of advanced treatment technologies, modern equipment, public participation and the private sector and water loss reduction program, significant step in reducing pollution and energy consumption and at the same time deliver high quality water to consumers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
48 - An investigation on the same type of vegetation NDVI changes in different temperature levels of the mountain (Case study: ShirKouh mountains)
Hesan Akhavan Solmaz Amoushahi Ahad SetudehShirkouh mountain is located in Yazd province and is surrounded by arid and semi- arid regions. In fact, it means that this area is the coldest part of Yazd province. The geographic location of this mountain made it a very sensitive ecosystem. Due to these reasons, its MoreShirkouh mountain is located in Yazd province and is surrounded by arid and semi- arid regions. In fact, it means that this area is the coldest part of Yazd province. The geographic location of this mountain made it a very sensitive ecosystem. Due to these reasons, its vegetation cover plays a very important role in weather conditions and welfare of people living around. In present study some elements such as satellite images, Remote Sensing technology and Geographic Information System (GIS) were used for surveying climate changes. In this regard, the relationship between climate and temperature changes (as an indicator of climate) and changes in the amount of vegetation in two hot and cold months were obtained using the sampling and satellite data. The results showed that in April from low temperature to the high temperature NDVI index increased but in Jun, NDVI will increased before 11°and after that this amount will decreased. The NDVI in same type of plant was different in various classes of temperature ranges. This NDVI difference in various temperature classes in April (Colder period) was more visible than Jun (Warmer period). So it can be inferred that NDVI changes in the same vegetation type in different periods of the year is not change regularly because of elevation and temperature changes. The difference between the hot and cold habitats in a mountainous area can be reduced by increasing the ambient temperature, which is an appropriate indicator to assess the effects of climate change. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
49 - Survey on effects of plantation in variety temperature in middle Zagrus ( case study : shahyon Dezful)
Maryam Behdarvand mohsen Hosseini seyed mohammad bagher nabavi ehsan sayadIn order to survey on probably variety of temperature in a planted area compare to none planted area selected 50 Ha of planted land of near the Dez dam in shahyon of Dezful . For data comparing selected area 10 Ha as well as buffer zone in out o MoreIn order to survey on probably variety of temperature in a planted area compare to none planted area selected 50 Ha of planted land of near the Dez dam in shahyon of Dezful . For data comparing selected area 10 Ha as well as buffer zone in out of planted land .Then based on Random-systematic method, 3 thermometer maximum-minimum in the stable line altitude 520 meter up the sea level in planted land & 3 thermometer in none planted land in same line were installed too. Harvested data duration one month after assemblage and analysis showed that emperature difference in two areas was very salient and it was proximate to 3 c.Temperature vibration in plated land lower than none planted land meaningful Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
50 - A Comparison of the Story of “Rostam and Sohrab” with the Play “Cuchulain”
Muhammad PashaeiComparative literature is researching on relations and connections of the literatures of different nations of the world and their intellectual and literary exchanges. The main duty of comparative literature is depicting these relationships and literary connections in o MoreComparative literature is researching on relations and connections of the literatures of different nations of the world and their intellectual and literary exchanges. The main duty of comparative literature is depicting these relationships and literary connections in order to give them a fresh identity to reach in friendship between nations. The present article tries to analyze and compare the tragedy of Rostam and Sohrab from Hakim AbulGhasem Ferdowsi the fourth century poet with the play “Cuchulain” from William Butler Yeats the famous 19th century Irish famous author. Although these stories are written in two different eras there are similarities in them. In both these stories the hero kills his son in the battle while he is not aware of this fact. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
51 - Comparative Study and Analysis of Devotion Concepts in Imam Hossein – Related Divan and Hafez Divan
Morteza Barari Raesi Hossein Taktabar FirouzjaeiImam Hossein – lord of devotion and one of the greatest religious characters – whose poets are of much value and his devotion related concepts could be seen in Hafez Divan. Some of these concepts are blaming this world and secularism, avoiding acquisitivenes MoreImam Hossein – lord of devotion and one of the greatest religious characters – whose poets are of much value and his devotion related concepts could be seen in Hafez Divan. Some of these concepts are blaming this world and secularism, avoiding acquisitiveness, blaming pride, thinking about death, avoiding guilt and corruption, modesty and humility, repentance and contentment. It is remarkable to mention that Imam Hossein and Hafez both applied simple language as well as Quranic concepts, simple terms and expressions and enjoyable rhyme and rhythm. Imam has enjoyed less imageries while they can be seen in Hafez's a lot. Thus the present article attempts to study Imam's devotions in Hafez Divan in descriptive – analytical method. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
52 - A Study on Qaf Verses Interpretations from Mystic, Validity and Mythic Point of View
Farzad AbbasiThe beginning verse of Qaf Surah is the relationship between mythical and mystical thoughts and their conjunction with the stories. According to the findings of the present article the relationship between Qaf Surah and Mount Qaf is a historical resulting which is not a MoreThe beginning verse of Qaf Surah is the relationship between mythical and mystical thoughts and their conjunction with the stories. According to the findings of the present article the relationship between Qaf Surah and Mount Qaf is a historical resulting which is not appropriate and trustable. On the other hand the root of the myths goes back to Prophet Muhammad’s companions. Then some of the companions express these stories and they have been extended. Thus these interpretations and stories are not of validity. The present article divides the interpretations into three branches and ignores the mythical interpretations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
53 - Review literary narcissism in strengthening the moral-educational models of contemporary Arab poets based on Heinz Kohat's own theory (the case study of Mahmoud Sami Baroudi)
qasem mokhtari sudabeh bruji mohammad jorfi mahmuod shahbaziToday, when cultural neglect and invasion in the form of virtual attractions cast a shadow on people's thoughts, the moral-educational mission of poetry takes on a more important role in the field of literature. Although the critics of Wadiban have different theories in MoreToday, when cultural neglect and invasion in the form of virtual attractions cast a shadow on people's thoughts, the moral-educational mission of poetry takes on a more important role in the field of literature. Although the critics of Wadiban have different theories in this field; Some believe that art should only serve morality, and on the other hand, there are radical artists who expect only art from a work, and another group believes that there is a mutual relationship between words and images. But it must be said that poetry is not just a bunch of similes, metaphors, and images, and if it does not carry a message, it will not be sealed with eternity. While emphasizing the interaction between art and morality, the author's goal is to investigate the role of narcissism in strengthening behavioral-ethical patterns in contemporary Arabic literature based on the method of content analysis and description with reference to Mahmoud Sami el-Baroudi's poetry. Since our behavior with others is a reflection of our behavior with ourselves; The concepts of narcissism and self-compassion play an important role in creating a sense of empathy and healthy living; Therefore, the subject of study is the narcissistic poets of this period Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
54 - Examining the Meaning of Meaning in the Couplets Containing Metaphorsof Abu Madi's Poem “Al-Sama”(According to Jean Cohen’s Theory)
Reza Hajarkesht ali pirani shal Soghra Falahati Hooman Nazemian علی اسودیAbstract: Jean Cohen's theory of poetics is one of the approaches to the new rhetoric. It investigates poetic texts in paradigmatic and syntagmatic level to indicate their connotations. Thus, the present study employs this theory for a descriptive-analytical inves MoreAbstract: Jean Cohen's theory of poetics is one of the approaches to the new rhetoric. It investigates poetic texts in paradigmatic and syntagmatic level to indicate their connotations. Thus, the present study employs this theory for a descriptive-analytical investigation of the Couplets Containing Metaphors of the ode Al-Sama: Heaven or Paradise, the first poem from Abu Madi's Divan and tends to answer two questions of: What is the reason for poetic level of these couplets? and how the pathems are projected from paradigmatic axis on syntagmatic axis? These couplets have broken the standard phonetic rules of pause, alliteration,, meter, and rhyme, the standard grammatical rules of substitution and deletion, and the standard semantic rules of implicit metaphors.The results show that the abundance of deviation in phonetic, grammatical and semantic level made a good poetic level for these couplets and the projection of the abundant pathems from paradigmatic axis to syntagmatic axis made a deep meaning of meaning for the couplets. So, it became valuable, potential and active. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
55 - بررسی کیفیت فیله مرغ تازه پوشش دهی شده با کاراگینان - اسانس پونه کوهی (Mentha longifolia) تحت بسته بندی با اتمسفر اصلاح شده
سپیده کیانی قلعه سرد علی فضل آرا مریم قادری مهدی پور مهدی بروجنی -
Open Access Article
56 - اکوکاردیوگرافی شترهای به ظاهر سالم، تکنیک و تظاهر اولتراسونوگرافیک
ابوذر دهقان عباس وشکینی محمد نصرالله زاده ماسوله محمد قلی نادعلیان علی رضاخانی -
Open Access Article
57 - بررسی راهبردهای ساختار زیست پذیری شهر ابرکوه
مجتبی حاتمی حسین سلیمانی امیر گندمکار حمید صابری -
Open Access Article
58 - نقش گردشگری در درآمدزایی مناطق روستایی با ارائه یک مدل راهبردی در توسعه گردشگری روستاها (مطالعه موردی شهرستان فیروزکوه)
رضا سیر محمد علی احمدیان حمید جعفری کتایون علیزاده -
Open Access Article
59 - تحلیل پهنههای اکوتوریستی با استفاده از مدل TOPSIS (مطالعه موردی شهرستان فیروزکوه، استان تهران، ایران)
فرهاد حمزه -
Open Access Article
60 - اثر عصاره آبی پونه کوهی (Origanum vulgare) بر صفات عملکردی جوجه های گوشتی
علی نوری -
Open Access Article
61 - اثر تیمارهای مختلف پرایمینگ بذر بر رفع خواب و خصوصیات جوانهزنی بذر و رشد هتروتروفیک گیاهچه کرفس کوهی (Kelussia odoratissma L.) و ارزیابی سازگاری آن با شرایط آب و هوایی شهرستان بروجرد
اسفندیار حسنی مقدم مهدی شعبان عباس دهشیری فرشید حسنی مظفر دولتشاه -
Open Access Article
62 - Alignment of Medicine and Philosophy And Its Footprint on DaraShokouhi Treatments
Marjan Mahloujian Mahdi MohagheghMedicine and philosophy are two branches of science that have been associated since the beginning of the presence; an accompaniment that began in both sciences under the influence of the way of thinking or policy of the earlier civilizations in a preliminary form and co MoreMedicine and philosophy are two branches of science that have been associated since the beginning of the presence; an accompaniment that began in both sciences under the influence of the way of thinking or policy of the earlier civilizations in a preliminary form and continued passing through many ups and downs until the present time. This feature was more prominent in Iranian-Islamic medicine due to the impressionability out of ancient civilizations, especially Greece, or the political and social conditions, which brought together philosophers and experts in the rational and medicine sciences due to the coercion in those periods at a piece of time and place and its result was a legacy that lost its former glory with the Mongol invasion, the policies of the Safavid Era and its consequences, but its sparks remained enlightened in the works of Iranian-Islamic scientists, physicians and experts, who immigrated to India. Among these works, we can mention the book "Treatments of DaraShokouhi" by Noureddine Hakim Ein al-Mulk Shirazi, which owes the medicine mixed with the ancient philosophy and a combination of Indian medicine.The present research, which has been prepared and compiled in a descriptive-analytical manner using library sources, attempts to investigate the philosophical chapters in the medical book of Treatments of DaraShokouhi while mentioning some aspects of the alignment of medicine and philosophy. Manuscript profile -
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63 - Zaal, A Warlock or A Savant
Iraj Mehraki Sadaf Rezaeeyan -
Open Access Article
64 - Preparation of Biocompatible Polyvinyl Alcohol Composite Nanofibers Containing Artemisia aucheri Extract with Desirable Antibacterial Properties
V. Nezamabadi M.R. Akhgar B. Tahamipour P. Rajaei -
Open Access Article
65 - The Study of the Complaint in Taleb-e Amoli’s Poetry
Daryush Kazemi Mostafa saberiThe study of the complaint in Taleb-e- Amoli’s poetry and the pedagogic teachings hidden in them is not only dependant on an understanding of the social and political situation, but on his particular language and ideas as well. As a result, the present study MoreThe study of the complaint in Taleb-e- Amoli’s poetry and the pedagogic teachings hidden in them is not only dependant on an understanding of the social and political situation, but on his particular language and ideas as well. As a result, the present study aims at a brief study of the mystic’s particular language in order to shed light on the coded language used by the mystics. Then, there will be the analysis of Taleb-e- Amoli’s complaints of the people and consequently, the intended teaching which is manifested through complaint by relying upon the evidences from the text of his poems. The final result is that his complaint of the people is due to ignorance, tyranny, discord and all the other traits which stand in opposition to the mystic ideology. Furthermore, it is indicated that Taleb warns not only the people of his time, but also the whole human beings of every age from the vice thoughts and behavior. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
66 - Developments and Characteristics of Poetry in Constitutional Age
Seyed Ahmad Hosseini KazerooniDevelopments and characteristics of poetry during Constitutional (Revolution) era have been realized in several fields including in subject and content, thought and idea, plainness and fluency, paying attention to vernacular language and folklore, xenophilia and t MoreDevelopments and characteristics of poetry during Constitutional (Revolution) era have been realized in several fields including in subject and content, thought and idea, plainness and fluency, paying attention to vernacular language and folklore, xenophilia and tendency toward classicism, enjoying foreign terms and lexicons, notice to taboos and developments within poetical frames. The main contents and concepts of poetry in Constitutional Era have been established on the bases and icons of nationalism and patriotism, freedom- seeking and fighting against hegemony. During this period, Persian poetry repudiated from imitation of predecessors’ contents and exited and released from praising of arrogant rulers. Eventually, such developments which have been influenced by geopolitical variation in this region led to poetical transformations at the age of Constitution. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
67 - An Introduction to Definitions & Principles of Non-Serious Literature
Seyed Ahmad hoseini KazerooniNon-serious literature is based upon jest, lampoon, satire, humor, parody, disturber, joke, pleasantry, mockery, jeer, wit, epigram, dirty joke, teasing, caricature, mockery, and alike -- most of which are subdivisions of jest, lampoon, and satire. During Iran’s MoreNon-serious literature is based upon jest, lampoon, satire, humor, parody, disturber, joke, pleasantry, mockery, jeer, wit, epigram, dirty joke, teasing, caricature, mockery, and alike -- most of which are subdivisions of jest, lampoon, and satire. During Iran’s different political, social, and literary changes, non-serious literature has constantly witnessed waxes and wanes, which reflect changes in governments and people’s moods and living conditions, as well as natural and historical incidents. In fact, one of the main reasons for spread of such literature can be sought in public’s social divergence and moral diversions. In other words, as the Farsi saying goes, “What pours out of a container is but what it contains”. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
68 - Assessment of land use changes into dry land using satellite images and Geographical information system (GIS)
Alireza Moradi Mohammad Jafari Hossein Arzani Mahdieh EbrahimiThe aim of this stydy is to proced the trend process of land cover changes as a result of land use changes into dry land using satellite images, remote sensing and GIS softwares and to find out the type and magnitude of changes by the image sensor Landsat ETM in 2000 an MoreThe aim of this stydy is to proced the trend process of land cover changes as a result of land use changes into dry land using satellite images, remote sensing and GIS softwares and to find out the type and magnitude of changes by the image sensor Landsat ETM in 2000 and sensor of Landsat OLI in 2014 using ENVI®5 software and unsupervised classification methods in Dehsard and kohsefeid, Kerman province. Finally, land use classification map including rangelands, agricultural lands and gardens was specified. In order to produce the training points, field visits, GPS and Google Earth software were utilized. Supervised classification was used to assess the accuracy of classification images. Afterwards, KAPA coefficie was applied to calculate the precision of produced maps. Precision matrix was created for each map. For the detection and assessment of land use changes as compared to the others, Crosstab was used. The results of land use changes in two regions showed that in this regard, the rangelands had the most changes estimated as 77% and 73% for Dehsard and Kohsefid watersheds, respectively. The precision of classification maps was given as 98% for both watersheds. The results of this study showed that the expansion of agricultural activities concerning the rangeland ecosystems could change the rangelands into the lands with low efficiency and in two mentioned regions, 9% and 20% of changes occurred in the low efficiency lands in Dehsard nd Kohsefid watersheds, respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
69 - Vertex Decomposability of Path Complexes Associated to Cycle Graphs
Seyyed Mohammad Ajdani Kamal Ahmadi Asghar MadadiAbstract:Introduction: Monomials are the link between commutative algebra and combinatorics. With a simplicial complex ∆, one can associate two square-free monomial ideals: the Stanley-Reisner ideal I_∆, whose generators correspond to the non-faces of ∆, or the facet id MoreAbstract:Introduction: Monomials are the link between commutative algebra and combinatorics. With a simplicial complex ∆, one can associate two square-free monomial ideals: the Stanley-Reisner ideal I_∆, whose generators correspond to the non-faces of ∆, or the facet ideal I(∆), which is a generalization of edge ideals of graphs and whose generators correspond to the facets of ∆. The facet ideal of a simplicial complex was first introduced by Faridi. Let G be a simple graph. The edge ideal I(G) of a graph G was first considered by R. Villarreal. He studied the algebraic properties of I(G) using a combinatorial language of G.Method: In combinatorial commutative algebra, one can attach a monomial ideal to a combinatorial object. Then this ideal's algebraic properties are studied using the combinatorial properties of the combinatorial object. One of the interesting problems in combinatorial commutative algebra is the vertex decomposability of simplicial complexes, which many researchers study. In this abstract, we recall some definitions which will be needed later. A simplicial complex ∆ over a set of vertices V={x_1, … ,x_n} is a collection of subsets of V , with the property that {x_i }∊∆, for all i and if F∊∆, then all subsets of F are also in ∆ (including the empty set). An element in ∆ is called a face of ∆. The dimension of a face F of ∆, dimF, is |F|-1 where |F| is the number of elements of F. The maximal faces of ∆ under inclusion are called facets of ∆. The dimension of the simplicial complex ∆, dim∆, is the maximum of dimensions of its facets. If all facets of ∆ have the same dimension, then ∆ is called pure. Let Ƒ(∆)={F_1, … , F_q } be the facet set of ∆. It is clear that Ƒ(∆) determines ∆ completely and we write ∆=. Results: Let G be a simple graph, and ∆_t (G) be a simplicial complex whose facets correspond to the paths of length t in G (t≥2). We show that ∆_t (C_n ) is matroid, vertex decomposable, shellable, and Cohen-Macaulay if and only if n=t or n=t+1, where C_n is an n-cycle. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
70 - Effect Alcoholic ExteractOf Kellussia odoratissma and B12 on Markers Of Inflammation in Rats Induced Experimental Auto Immune Encephalomyelitis
Akbar Karimi Majid GoroieInroduction and Objective: MS is an autoimmune disease and inflammation in the central nervous system. Kellussia odoratissma as a traditional medicinal plant has been used as anti-inflammation is some area of Iran. Vitamin B12 properties are regulators of the immune sys MoreInroduction and Objective: MS is an autoimmune disease and inflammation in the central nervous system. Kellussia odoratissma as a traditional medicinal plant has been used as anti-inflammation is some area of Iran. Vitamin B12 properties are regulators of the immune system. This study aimed to determine the effect anti-inflammatory of Kellussia and B12 on Lysosomal enzymes and tissue maker enzymes in Rats with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE).Material and Methods:50female Rats (180-200gr) divided to 5 groups. EAEwas induced in 40 Rats. Kellussia odoratissma(300 mg/kg) and B12 were Intraperitoneal administered for 10 days to EAE animals. The anti-inflammatory activity was assassed by measuring clinical conditions, levels of lysosomal enzymes, tissue marker enzymes. Results were expressed as Mean± S.D. and statistical analysis was performed using ANOVA, to determine significant differences between groups.Results: Treatment of EAE rats with Kellussia odoratissma extract and B12 led to significant decreased of clinical conditions, levels of lysosomal enzymes and tissue marker enzymes(pConclusion:Kellussia odoratissma extract and B12 can reduce marker of inflammation and have property anti-inflammation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
71 - The Effect Of Hydroalcoholic Extract Of Oliveria decumbens on Kidney Functional Test and Histological Changes Induced by Cadmium Chloride in Adult Male Rat
Maryam Rahimi Kazerooni Mokhtar Mokhtari Mehrdad Shariati Somayeh Rahimi KazerooniInroduction and Objective: Cadmium is an important environmental contaminant, and has various toxic effects on living beings. In this research, the effect of hydro alcoholic extract of Oliveria decumbens on the levels of Creatinin, BUN, Uric acidand kidney histological MoreInroduction and Objective: Cadmium is an important environmental contaminant, and has various toxic effects on living beings. In this research, the effect of hydro alcoholic extract of Oliveria decumbens on the levels of Creatinin, BUN, Uric acidand kidney histological changes following toxicity induced by Cadmium Chloride in rat was investigated.Material and Methods: 48 adult male Wistar rats were divided into 6 groups of 8. These groups are as follow: the Control, left untreated; the Sham, just received distilled water, the experimental group 1, treated with 2mg/kg cadmium chloride; the experimental group 2 received 500 mg/kg oliveria extract, and experimental groups 3 and 4 initially received 2mg/kg cadmium chloride followed by 250 and 500 (mg/kg) extract respectively for 21 days. At the end of experiment, all groups weighed and blood samples were taken for measuring serum levels of creatinin, BUN and uric acid.after removing the kidneys, prepared tissue sections were studied by light microscopy. Results using statistical tests were one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey test.Results: Cadmium chloride caused significant decrease in body weight and significant increase in serum levels of creatinin, BUN, uric acid and damage was the kidney tissue in comparison with control and sham groups. Where as Oliveria decumbens extract cause significant increase in body weight and significant decrease in serum levels of creatinin, BUN ,uric acid, and improve kidney damage in groups poisoned with cadmium chloride (PConclusion: The results showed that Oliveria decumbens probably a protective effects against nephrotoxicity induced by cadmium chloride and the kidney parameters. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
72 - The Effect of Tamoxifen and Black Cohosh (Actaea racemosa) On The Changes In The Levels Of Sex Steroid Hormones And Oocytes Maturation Of Adult Female Gourami fish (Trichogaster trichopterus) from family (Osphronemidae)
Mohsen Bagheri Tahereh Naji Homayoun Hosseinzade sahafiIntroduction & Objective: One of the most common cancers in the menopausal age is breast cancer. To control menopause symptoms in women with breast cancer, given that hormone therapy is not recommended, alternative treatments such as phytoestrogen therapy can be con MoreIntroduction & Objective: One of the most common cancers in the menopausal age is breast cancer. To control menopause symptoms in women with breast cancer, given that hormone therapy is not recommended, alternative treatments such as phytoestrogen therapy can be considered. Black cohosh is a phytoestrogen plant that is used to control menopause symptoms. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of tamoxifen with black cohosh plant on ovarian tissue ultrastructure and measurement of sex hormones in adult female three-spot gourami fish.Materials &Methods: For this purpose, the number of 120 pieces of three-spot gourami adult female fish with an average weight of 5±1 grams in 8 treatments with control groups including control 1 (intact) and control 2 (solvent, Ethanol 60 %) and treatments receiving doses of 10, 50, 100 mg/kg of tamoxifen drug and 10, 50, 100 mg/kg of black cohosh hydroalcoholic extract were divided. All the injections were done in 10 times and every other day for twenty days and in the amount of 0.02 ml between the dorsal fin muscle and the lateral line. Then, after anesthetizing the fish, the ovary was examined by light and electron microscope. For measuring the levels of steroid hormones, the fish tissue was homogenized by homogenizer.Results: Black cohosh extract decreased the level of 17-beta estradiol and testosterone hormones. Tamoxifen decreased the level of 17-beta estradiol, testosterone and progesterone hormones. Examining the light and electron microscope images showed that both tamoxifen and black cohosh had an inhibitory effect on oocyet maturation.Conclusion The results of this study showed that black cohosh plant extract and tamoxifen reduce oocyte maturation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
73 - The effect of different levels of black cumin powder on the performance of some blood parameters and intestinal tissue morphology of Japanese quail
Farshid Kheiri Mehrdad AbbaspourIntroduction & Objective: cumin is one of the most ancient medicinal plants in traditional medicine which is used for treatment and prevention of gastrointestinal disorders and disorders .in order to investigate the effect of different levels of cumin (bunium persic MoreIntroduction & Objective: cumin is one of the most ancient medicinal plants in traditional medicine which is used for treatment and prevention of gastrointestinal disorders and disorders .in order to investigate the effect of different levels of cumin (bunium persicum) powder on performance of some blood parameters and morphological characteristics of ileum of Japanese quailMaterials & methods: In this experiment, 400 male Japanese quails were randomly assigned to four treatments, five replicates and 20 quails in each replicate from 14 to 42 days of age. The black cumin powder was applied at four levels (0.5, 1 and 1.5 %) at four levelsResults: There was no significant difference between the levels of black cumin and the control treatment (p< 0.05). Serum albumin was significantly increased under the diet supplemented with 1 and 1.5 % of black cumin powder (p < 0.05 ) .Blood serum calcium and protein levels were significantly increased under the diet containing 1.5 % of black cumin powder (p < 0.05 ).The amount of phosphorus and glucose in the diet containing 0.5 % of the black cumin powder in the diet decreased and significantly (p < 0.05 ) increased in comparison with the control .The triglyceride concentration in the treatment group was significantly lower than the control treatment (p < 0.05).Conclusion: Morphology of ileum in experimental treatments was not significantly different from control treatment. According to the results, adding black cumin powder at 0.5 % level in Japanese quail diet improved the performance and quality of carcass traits compared to other treatments. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
74 - تحلیل تطبیقی تأویل آیات در دو کتاب الکشف و کتاب مرآه الانوار و مشکوه الاسرار از منظر بطن معنایی
محمد رضا آرام منوچهر قاسمی -
Open Access Article
75 - A Comparison of the Journey of the Birds in Manteq-o-Teyr with the Journey of the Israelites to Mount Sinai
javad Abbasi mokhad'dareh bolooki The journey of the Israelite elite to Mount Sinai in company of their prophet is one of the stories about the Israelite in the Koran, which, like other Koranic issues, has influenced mystics. Hence, Attar’s Manteq-o-Teyr is considered to be one of the best More The journey of the Israelite elite to Mount Sinai in company of their prophet is one of the stories about the Israelite in the Koran, which, like other Koranic issues, has influenced mystics. Hence, Attar’s Manteq-o-Teyr is considered to be one of the best mystic works of Persian literature, which exposes to us a mystic journey towards the truth. The two journeys can be similar. A journey is done to reach a destination. The present article hypothesizes that there might be a connection, though strange, between the Koranic story and the mystic story; the movement of the elite, an experienced leader, a destination in the mountain, the excuses and pretexts, the life and death at the end of the route (survival and annihilation), and the revelation of the Truth are some of the similarities. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
76 - fg
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Open Access Article
77 - A Preliminary Study on Fauna of Flower Fly Fauna (Syrphidae) in Koohdasht County (Lorestan province)
sh. rasapor Shila Goldasteh reza vafaie Soleiman Nejadian EbrahimiInsects of flower flies, Syrphidae are the best known predators that feed on wide variey of pests, especially aphids. The fauna of this family was studied in fileds, orchards, pastures and forests of Kuhdasht County during 2009-2010. The specimens were collected u MoreInsects of flower flies, Syrphidae are the best known predators that feed on wide variey of pests, especially aphids. The fauna of this family was studied in fileds, orchards, pastures and forests of Kuhdasht County during 2009-2010. The specimens were collected using sweep net and Malaise trap during growing season. The dominant species of flower flies were determined based on number of insects collected during study. The results showed that a total of 21 species belonging to two subfamily and 12 genera were collected and identified. In this research Melanostoma melineum and Eupeodes corolla were determined as dominant species of the Syrphid family in Kuhdasht district. All identified species were reported the first time in Kuhdasgt County. All of samples were kept in the insect collection of the Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resoures of the Islamic Azad University of Arak. The list of identified species are as follows: Subfamily Syrphinae Episyrphus balteatus (De Geer, 1776); Ischiodon aegyptius (Wiedemann, 1830); I. scutellaris (Fabricius, 1805); Eupeodes corolla (Fabricius, 1794); E. nuba (Wiedemann, 1830); Scaeva albomaculata (Macquart, 1842); S. dignota (Rondani, 1857); Sphaerophoria rueppelli (Wiedemann, 1830); S. scripta (L., 1758); S. turkmenica Bankowska., 1964; Melanostoma melinum (L., 1758); Chrysotoxum parmense Rondani, 1845; Paragus bicolor (Fabricius, 1794); P. compeditus Wiedemann,1830. Subfamily Milesiinae Eristalinus taeniops (Wiedemann, 1818); E. aeneus Scopoli, 1763); E. megacephalus (Rossi, 1794); Eristalis arbustorum (L., 1758); E. tenax (L., 1758); Eumerus tuberculatus Rondani, 1857; Syritta pipiens L., 1758). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
78 - Study on the chemical composition and insecticidal activity of the wild mint (Mentha longifolia L.) essential oil against the melon aphid (Aphis gossypii Glover)
M. Zamani verdi H. Abbasipour S. Goudarzvande CheginiThe melon aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover is a polyphagous and cosmopolite species which is widely distributed in moderate and tropical regions of the world. The high-risk chemical pesticides are currently used to control this pest that have environmental impacts and also MoreThe melon aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover is a polyphagous and cosmopolite species which is widely distributed in moderate and tropical regions of the world. The high-risk chemical pesticides are currently used to control this pest that have environmental impacts and also affect non-target organisms. Therefore, in order to cope with this situation, we must think about the safe alternatives to control this pest. In the current study, chemical composition and fumigant toxicity of the essential oil from wild mint, Mentha longifoliaL. was studied against the nymphal and adult stages of the melon aphid, A. gossypii. The essential oil was obtained by hydro-distillation method, using a modified Clevenger-type apparatus. The amount of this essential oil was determined by mass chromatography method. Bioassay experiments were performed in a completely randomized design with five concentrations (0.1 to 0.9 μl/L air) and three replications. For each replicate, 10 samples of the last instar nymphs and adult aphids were separately considered. Also, nymph production deterrent effect of the oil at sublethal concentration of the oil was studied against the parthenogenesis form of aphid. Results indicated that essential oil of M. longifolia is highly toxic to the melon aphid.The major components in the oil were Pulegone (44.75%), Menthone (30.80%), 1,8- Cineole1 (5.49%) and Cyclohexanone, 5-methyl-2-(1-methylethyl)- (2R-cis (2.06%). Probit analysis showed that the LC50 values for nymphs and adults of A. gossypii were 0.059 and 0.0081 µl. L-1 air, respectively. By increasing the concentration of essential oil, the mortality rate also increased. Also, degree of nymph production deterrent effect was calculated for the essential oil of M. longifoliaas 80.03±3.68%. The overall results showed that the wild mint essential oil has a high potential in controlling the melon aphid especially in protected areas such as geenhouses. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
79 - Insecticidal effect of juniperus Polycarpus for control of three stored product pests Tribolium castaneum، Callosobruchus maculatus، Ephestia kuehniella
R. Payandeh H. Izadi M. R. PirmoradiThe cereals are one of the most important problems in the stored products that have been stored after harvest until consumption. The red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum), The Mediterranean flour moth (Ephestia kuehniella) and the bean beetle (Callosobruchus maculat) a MoreThe cereals are one of the most important problems in the stored products that have been stored after harvest until consumption. The red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum), The Mediterranean flour moth (Ephestia kuehniella) and the bean beetle (Callosobruchus maculat) are the most important cosmopolitan stored pests. In this study, the effects of five juniper extract concentrations were performed on percent mortality of storage pests with three replications and under 25±2 C° and 65±5% RH condition. Contact toxicity was investigated by spraying the extracts on a Ptridish surface using Potter’s spray tower. Fifteen insects were released to each Ptridishe and mortality was counted after 24, 48 and 72 hours. The results of bioassays showed that with an increase in plant extract concentration, mortality increased significantly. The LC50 values after 24, 48 and 72 hours for the adults of the red flour beetle were calculated as 22662, 67056 and 73103 respectively. The LC50 values after 24, 48 and 72 hours for the bean beetle were estimated as 55231, 67629 and 71991 µl/L, respectively. The LC50 values after 24, 48 and 72 hours for the Mediterranean flour moth last instar larvae were obtained as 71842, 101289 and 145583 µl/L, respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
80 - Evaluation studies of the resources and capabilities of sloping lands in Savadkooh region
Alireza Moradian Nazanin KhakipourIndiscriminate livestock grazing, rainfed agriculture in sloping lands, cutting of forest trees and other illogical uses of land have caused disturbance of the ecological balance of the environment, erosion of soils and reduction of their fertility in Savadkooh area. Th MoreIndiscriminate livestock grazing, rainfed agriculture in sloping lands, cutting of forest trees and other illogical uses of land have caused disturbance of the ecological balance of the environment, erosion of soils and reduction of their fertility in Savadkooh area. The purpose of this study is to determine the best way of exploitation in each of the parts of the land unit, in such a way as to obtain the maximum yield or income, to prevent the destruction of the land and to stop the current process of soil erosion as much as possible. separation of land resources and determination of their capabilities and suitability and talents, land use map of Savadkooh area were determined. Then, by using the FAO method, a detailed evaluation was done using the characteristics of the land and matching them with the tables of plant needs. By combining the results of the aptitude of land and its suitability for various agricultural activities, as well as plant needs and its relationship with the production potential index of suitable areas for agricultural activities in general and horticulture in particular, it is determined. Conclusion: Studies of land potential show that the irremediable limitations and negative factors in horticulture are basically the limitation caused by the impossibility of irrigation in terms of water resource limitations and the limitation of the possibility of mechanization development in terms of the slope of garden lands. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
81 - بررسی تنگناهای مدیریت منابع آب شرب در روستاهای تیپ کوهستانی مطالعه موردی: دهستان بررود از بخش کوهسرخ کاشمر
رضا صابری تولایی محدثه حاتمی ابوالفضل بهنیافر هادی قنبرزاده -
Open Access Article
82 - The Study of the Most Important Barriers Affecting The Employment Of Rural
Mahmoud Akharti Elahe Ahangri Mohammad TahanThe purpose of this study was to investigate the most important barriers affecting the employment of rural women. The statistical population included all rural women in Zorkouh city in 2017 (19737 individuals according to the latest census); 358 of them were selected us MoreThe purpose of this study was to investigate the most important barriers affecting the employment of rural women. The statistical population included all rural women in Zorkouh city in 2017 (19737 individuals according to the latest census); 358 of them were selected using simple sampling method. The research design was comparative descriptive. The data were collected by implementing a researcher-initiated questionnaire for measuring the barriers of women's employment. To analyze the data, multivariate analysis of variance was used. The results showed that there was a significant difference between employed and housewives in social and cultural barriers (P = 0.003), educational management barriers (P = 0.048) and technical barriers (P = 0.001), but there was no any significant difference in economic barriers (P = 0.999), psychological barriers (P = 0.440) and policy barriers (P = 0.084). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
83 - محاسبه بهرهوری فیزیکی و حجم آب مصرفی در کشت چغندرقند و تاثیر آن بر آبهای زیرزمینی در شرایط خشکسالی شهرستان کوهدشت
منوجهر دانش زاد یداله یوسفی فرد مریم قربانیکمبود آب در آینده، دنیا را با بحران مدیریت منابع آب مواجه خواهد کرد. از دیرباز مصرف آب در بخش کشاورزی، به عنوان بزرگ‎ترین متقاضی آب، ذهن خیلی از دست اندرکاران حوزه­های اقتصادی، اجتماعی و سیاسی را به خود مشغول نموده است که به دنبال آن پژوهش­هایی د Moreکمبود آب در آینده، دنیا را با بحران مدیریت منابع آب مواجه خواهد کرد. از دیرباز مصرف آب در بخش کشاورزی، به عنوان بزرگ‎ترین متقاضی آب، ذهن خیلی از دست اندرکاران حوزه­های اقتصادی، اجتماعی و سیاسی را به خود مشغول نموده است که به دنبال آن پژوهش­هایی در زمینه بهره‎وری و کارایی آن انجام گرفته شد. از طرفی با توجه به خشک‎سالی های متعدد در دو ده اخیر در استان لرستان و همچنین مصرف بیش از حد آب در کشاورزی باعث شد که مسئله بهره‎وری آب در بخش کشاورزی در این استان، مهم و نیازمند بررسی های متعددی باشد. به همین علت تحقیقی در سال زراعی 97-96 در شهرستان کوهدشت برای بررسی میزان بهره‎وری فیریکی آب و حجم آب مصرفی در کشت چغندر قند انجام گرفت. نتایج این تحقیق نشان داد که میانگین نرخ بهره­وری فیزیکی آب در شرایط مدیریتی بهره­برداران تحت پوشش پروژه، برای محصول چغندر قند برابراست با 06/6 کیلوگرم بر مترمکعب و حجم آب مصرفی در طول فصل رشد آن برابر است با 14841 مترمکعب می‎باشد. در پایان پروژه و با توجه به نتایج به‎دست آمده، توصیه­های دقیق در جهت ارتقای بهره‎وری و کاهش حجم آب مصرفی به بهره­برداران ارائه گردید. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
84 - ارزیابی اثرات زیست محیطی (EIA) انتقال آب بین حوضه ای با استفاده از روش ماتریس ICOLD (مطالعه موردی: تونل کوهرنگ 3)
حسین محمدی احمدمحمودی مهدی رادفر رسول میرعباسی نجف آبادیطرح­های انتقال آب بین­حوضه­ای با روش­های اجرایی معمول مانند خطوط لوله، کانال و احداث تونل انجام می­شوند و بدون شک انتقال آب با روش­ حفر تونل مانند سایر طرحهای عمرانی دارای اثرات و پیامدهای زیست­محیطی فراوانی می­باشد که ضرورت دارد در مراح Moreطرح­های انتقال آب بین­حوضه­ای با روش­های اجرایی معمول مانند خطوط لوله، کانال و احداث تونل انجام می­شوند و بدون شک انتقال آب با روش­ حفر تونل مانند سایر طرحهای عمرانی دارای اثرات و پیامدهای زیست­محیطی فراوانی می­باشد که ضرورت دارد در مراحل مختلف اجرای طرح شامل احداث و بهره­برداری، مورد ارزیابی اثرات زیست­محیطی قرار بگیرند. هدف از این پژوهش ارزیابی اثرات زیست­محیطی (EIA) تونل کوهرنگ 3 در مرحله احداث است. در این پژوهش با استفاده از روش ماتریس ICOLD (کمیسیون بین­المللی سدهای بزرگ جهان) اثرات زیست­محیطی شامل: محیط­های فیزیکی، بیولوژیکی، اقتصادی،-اجتماعی و فرهنگی تونل کوهرنگ 3 بررسی و مطالعه شد. روش ماتریس ICOLD این قابلیت را دارد که با ارزیابی میزان اثرات کیفی زیست­محیطی طرح­ها آنها را به صورت داده­های کمی در چارچوب ماتریس نشان بدهد. تونل سوم کوهرنگ به طول 1/24 کیلومتر به­ منظور انتقال آب به میزان حدود 255 میلیون مترمکعب در سال، جهت تأمین بخشی از نیاز آبی فلات مرکزی ایران در شهرستان کوهرنگ استان چهارمحال ­و بختیاری طراحی و احداث شد. در این پژوهش برای اولین بار اثرات زیست­محیطی فیزیکی، بیولوژیکی، اقتصادی،-اجتماعی و فرهنگی تونل کوهرنگ 3 با استفاده از روش ماتریس آیکولد بررسی و مطالعه شد. یافته­های این پژوهش نشان داد تونل کوهرنگ 3 در مجموع دارای 705 اثر مثبت و منفی است که شامل 244 اثر مثبت و 461 اثر منفی است. سهم آثار مثبت حدود 5/34 درصد و سهم آثار منفی 5/65 درصد می­باشد. تونل کوهرنگ 3 با 627 امتیاز دارای اثرات منفی عمده بر روی محیط­زیست منطقه بوده است. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
85 - Study of the mythological motif of the volcano in romantic poems of Homay-o-Homayoun, Gol-o-Norooz, Jamshid-o-Khorshid and Mehr-o-Mah
samaneh abbasi hasan tabatabii esmat esmaeiliThe eternal mythological motifs with flexibility and deep extensive meanings, ever exist in the various narratives according to their contents and also to the intellectual and social characteristics of the different periods. They also maintain that beliefs which are the MoreThe eternal mythological motifs with flexibility and deep extensive meanings, ever exist in the various narratives according to their contents and also to the intellectual and social characteristics of the different periods. They also maintain that beliefs which are the bases of the narratives forming. Volcano is one of these motifs which transfigures as a dragon or a daemon. Struggle of the main character with this daemon is interpreted as his bravery, his competency to achieve the goal and also as a benediction upon the others. This ancient motif which is related to the Aryan mythology, not only exist in the epic narratives, but also it is possible to see its displaced samples in some of the romantic poems. In this essay, the mythological motif of the volcano has been studied in these four romantic poems: Homay-o-Homayoun, Gol-o-Norooz, jamshid-o-khorshid, Mehr-o-Mah. Also, this motif in the romantic poems is compared with its role in the epic narratives. So, the dynamic current of the myths in the non-epic texts will be proved. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
86 - Asylum as a protest; an analysis of the novel No Friend but the Mountains from the Perspective of Critical Aesthetic Theory
hamid moradi osman hedayatAbstractLiterature has always been part of the ideological struggle and the struggle against power structures. With the advent of the Frankfurt School, the issue of criticism and the negative view of the present of human society took on a more serious and coherent dimen MoreAbstractLiterature has always been part of the ideological struggle and the struggle against power structures. With the advent of the Frankfurt School, the issue of criticism and the negative view of the present of human society took on a more serious and coherent dimension. The achievement of the Frankfurt School is the "theory of critical aesthetics", which considers the original art to be independent and to reject and change the existing situation. The novel "No Friendship except Mountain" is based on a kind of critical realism that challenges power structures. The purpose of this study is to read the situation of immigration and asylum using Behrouz Buchani's novel "No Friend except the Mountain". Immigration and Asylum is a pretext for criticizing the current situation in liberal-democratic countries, which tries to narrate the situation of "Manus" prison by using the method of expression and protest tone and the use of symbols and metaphors. This challenges the emergence of new forms of capitalism and colonialism that manifest themselves in the refugee subject and refugee status. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
87 - Investigation of anions and heavy metals in surface and ground water quality in villages around Darallu copper mine
Fereshteh Hasanzadeh Mahmoud shamsaddiniThe study area consists of two basins; the first basin consists of copper ore deposit, which mining operations are in the early stages. The second basin is located in the north of the mine, and two basins are separated by Sartashtak mountain. Sampling was carried out at MoreThe study area consists of two basins; the first basin consists of copper ore deposit, which mining operations are in the early stages. The second basin is located in the north of the mine, and two basins are separated by Sartashtak mountain. Sampling was carried out at 30 points and was analyzed using the ICP-MS method. The concentration of anions, cations and some of the heavy metals (As, Ba, Cd, Cu, Fe, Sn, U, Zn, V, B) in ground water in both basins are measured. These values were compared to the World Health Organization (WHO) and the United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA). The concentration of all of heavy metals was very low except for cadmium and uranium, which showed little enrichment. The average concentration of cadmium and uranium in basin 1 was 6.99 and 9.1 μg / l, and in basin 2 was 10.38 and 22.91 μg / l, respectively. Cadmium and uranium were classified in minimal to moderate enrichment. Therefore, it is concluded that there are no water pollution sources in two basins, and now, mineral deposits and mining operations do not affect the quality of groundwater in the region, and drinking water in neighboring villages has a good quality. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
88 - Strike-slip movements and associated structures of Shazand fault
M.R Saberi محسن Pourkermani A.R Nadimi سهیلا BozariThe region of Khersan 1-5 dam is in Chaharmahal-Bakhtiari province. It is located 45 km west of Lordegan city.The reported earthquakes in this region are low depth type and have a focal depth less than 15 km. They alsohave no surface failure. The seismic hazard analysis MoreThe region of Khersan 1-5 dam is in Chaharmahal-Bakhtiari province. It is located 45 km west of Lordegan city.The reported earthquakes in this region are low depth type and have a focal depth less than 15 km. They alsohave no surface failure. The seismic hazard analysis illustrates the nature of seismicity of the site and isevaluated according to dispersion, fault type, morphology of faults, and past earthquakes data. Here, usingtectonic maps of the site, arial and satellites photos, and the seismic data of the site, it have been tried that theseismicity of the site to be determined. Bazoft and Massan faults with 45 and 36 km length are the nearest faultsto the site. When they become active, they can provide an earth quake as big as M=7.0 and 6.9 Richters,respectively. Bazoft and Massan faults have the ability to provide the MCLs as big as 0.269g, 0.222g,respectively.According to probabilistic seismic hazard analysis in the site, for return periods of 150, 475 and 2000 years, andaccording to Bender & Perkins (1987) method, and using (Seisrisk III) software, accelerations equal to 0.261g,0.291g, and 0.310g, for the center of zone, are calculated respectively. Manuscript profile -
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89 - The Role of Chahshak Fault on Quality of Drinking Water Wells Northwest of Mashhad Plain
Abbas Kangi Mohammad reza ArjmandMashhad plain in a special structural position and Influenced by the performance of a series of active faults in the northern margin of the Binaloud Mountain Range, The southern margin of the Kopet Dagh Mountain Range and the Quchan Eating Zone is located to the west. T MoreMashhad plain in a special structural position and Influenced by the performance of a series of active faults in the northern margin of the Binaloud Mountain Range, The southern margin of the Kopet Dagh Mountain Range and the Quchan Eating Zone is located to the west. The activity of these faults has formed the stepping morphology of lowland rock. Also active faults in the thick Quaternary period and The expansion of alluvial sediments has a high potential for discharge. Chaheshk fault as a subsidiary of Shandiz fault zone in central part of Mashhad plain, It plays an important role in controlling the hydraulic behavior of the groundwater resources of this plain. This fault is based on the integration of geoelectric profiles and The results of machine excavations are first identified in this study.Wells drilled to the north of Chahshak fault with good discharge Often at depths of more than 250 meters, they have been impacted by clayey rocks and Neogene conglomerates. But wells drilled south of the fault with very low discharge and Or no discharge generally at a depth of 100 to 140 meters They have been struck by metamorphic rocks. The uplift of the rock in the south of the Chahshak Fault causes The stepping morphology has been followed by metamorphic rocks in the southern part of Mashhad plain. This metamorphic uplift as a positive flower-like building, Under the influence of a straight-strike strike-slip faulting system, it was created by a trance-tension mechanism. Manuscript profile -
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90 - Hazard zonation of slope instability along Kan-Souleghan route by the use of Fuzzy method
Sahar Hasani Ali Uromiea Zhara MalekiSlope instability is regarded as a worldwide problem that has direct effect on human life and the environment. The human intervention in nature by building structures and disrupting natural causes increase in the number of landslide event. Landslide hazard zonation mapp MoreSlope instability is regarded as a worldwide problem that has direct effect on human life and the environment. The human intervention in nature by building structures and disrupting natural causes increase in the number of landslide event. Landslide hazard zonation mapping is considered to be one of the most reliable methods for evaluating the potential of landslide event along road. These maps can provide in the way of useful information in relation to the identification of high risk areas offer and accordingly, stabilization methods proposed to prevent such risks. In this study, maps of hazard zone landsliding were produced, by using fuzzy logic in ArcGIS and IDRISI along Kan–Suleghan road. Then, in order to assess the accuracy and efficiency of different operators, for creating better results, the fuzzy method was used. Based on studies, revealed the effects of tectonic factors such as faults is most effective parameter. In zoning maps, risk of landslide with fuzzyoverlayOR, the scope of present landslides in the region compared to the area with possibility of landslide occurance in the maps have been showed the good matching. So, in the paper, area it is suggested to prevent construction projects in area with high probability of landslides. Manuscript profile -
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91 - Microbiostratigraphy of Asmari formation at Derak section (Shiraz)
KHosro KHosro-Tehrani فریده Keshani مسیح Afgheh معصومه AhmadiThis study concentrates on biostratigraphy Asmari Formation on Derak section that is located at Shiraz city with333.5 meter thickness. Asmari Formation in this section comprises of limestone with marlyinterbedded.AsmariFormation trasitionally overlies the Jahrum Formati MoreThis study concentrates on biostratigraphy Asmari Formation on Derak section that is located at Shiraz city with333.5 meter thickness. Asmari Formation in this section comprises of limestone with marlyinterbedded.AsmariFormation trasitionally overlies the Jahrum Formation and underlies the Razak Formation. 3 lithologic unitsidentified within the Asmari Formation in this section. In the Micropaleontological study, Asmari Formation atDerak section led to identify 31 genera and 38 species benthic foraminifera.Therfore, in this study the base of biostratigraphy is on benthic foraminifera. In biostratigraphy study, Wynd sreport (1965) and Adams and Bourgeois (1967) report are such as pattern. The first appearance ofArchaiasasmaricus and Meandropsinaanahensisand Peneroplisthomasi show the boundary between Oligocene(chattian)-Miocene (Aquetanian). Biozone no. 1 is comparable to biozone no. 2 Adams and Bourgeois(1967) andbiozone no. 59 Wynd(1965) and middelASmari in Thomas (1949) report.Biozone no. 2 identified withappearance of Nummulitesfichteli,N.intermediusalso in this zone there is Archaiasoperculiniformis. Biozone no.2 is synonymous with biozone no. 3 Adams and Bourgeois (1967) and biozone no. 57, 58 Wynd (1965). Finally,the biozone no. 2 show Oligocene and synonymeous with lower Asmari of Thomas (1949). Manuscript profile -
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92 - Microfacies and sedimentary environment of carbonate member of Qaleh Dokhtar formation at Kuh-e-Birg section (south of Sarayan, southern Khorasan)
Ayesheh Salmani Gholamreza mirab-Shabestari Mohammad-Hosein Adabi S-Ali AghanabatiThe purpose of this research is identification of various microfacies and determination of sedimentaryenvironment of carbonate part of Qaleh Dokhtar Formation (Middle to Upper Jurassic) based on the fieldobservations and laboratory studies. The studied area is located a MoreThe purpose of this research is identification of various microfacies and determination of sedimentaryenvironment of carbonate part of Qaleh Dokhtar Formation (Middle to Upper Jurassic) based on the fieldobservations and laboratory studies. The studied area is located at the Birg Mountain, south of Saryan city,Southern Khorasan province.The thickness of the studied sequence is 188m which mostly consists of spong spicule-bearing bioclasticwackestone, intraclastic/oolitic wackestone, peloidal packstone, intraclastic packstone, intraclastic/bioclasticwackestone and algal wackestone. According to the petrographic studies, skeletal fragments of Ghaleh DokhtarFormation consist shell fragment, brachiopod, spong spicule, .algae, corals, and foraminifera and also peloids,intraclasts and oncoids as non skeletal particles. Totally, seven microfacies belts were recognized which could bereferred to open marine, barrier and lagoon belts of a rimmed-shelf carbonate platform. Manuscript profile -
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93 - Petrography and Geochemistry of the Basic Volcanic rocks of Kuh-e-Gharineh, north-east Ghorveh (west of Iran)
S.J SHikh Zakariyaei افشین Ashja Ardalan سحر TarabiThe volcano of Kuh-e-Gharineh is one of the volcanic areas of Ghorveh-Tekab in Sanandaj - Sirjan belt andlocated in Ghezelche Kand area. guartz xenocryst, plagioclase and granitoid xenolithe are seem in thecomposition of these rocks.Phenocrysts, xenocrysts, xenolithe ar MoreThe volcano of Kuh-e-Gharineh is one of the volcanic areas of Ghorveh-Tekab in Sanandaj - Sirjan belt andlocated in Ghezelche Kand area. guartz xenocryst, plagioclase and granitoid xenolithe are seem in thecomposition of these rocks.Phenocrysts, xenocrysts, xenolithe are seem in a backgrand of microcrystalline withporphyric texture and microlytic matrix to glassy vesicular. On the basis of conducted petrographic researches,all rocks are consisted of basalt, olivine basalt and andisi basalt compounds. According to geochemical studies,the studied alkaline basalt rocks (ultrapotassic) are categorized as intraplate alkaline shoshonitic rocks. Thenegative and positive anomalies of normalized patterns of incompatible rare elements show the contaminationwith the crust and the phenomenon of assimilation. The analysis of the portion of the LILE)Litofil Ion LargElements(, HFSE)High Field Small Elements(, and REE )Rare Earth Elements( elements shows a sign of anenriched source similar to OIB)Ocean Island Basalt( oceanic basalt and also considers the role of upper /lowercrusts to be more effective than that of the subcontinental lithosphere in magmascontamination. Manuscript profile -
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94 - Interaction Effects of Sabzkuh Tunnel Excavation and Ground Water Resources: (Environmental Management Approach)
majid taromi Majid AsadnabizadehIn this paper, hydrogeology and geology of Sabzkuh tunnel path and its environment has been reviewed, so as to anticipation of changes in the natural regime of underground waters and its impacts in springs resources after tunnel excavation with environmental management MoreIn this paper, hydrogeology and geology of Sabzkuh tunnel path and its environment has been reviewed, so as to anticipation of changes in the natural regime of underground waters and its impacts in springs resources after tunnel excavation with environmental management approach has been determined. For this purpose, different formation of tunnel path, faults and their permeability and potential amplitudes were recognized and categorized. From another perspective, water resources and springs of tunnel path were identified and hydrogeological boundary of tunnel path was determined to investigate interactions among tunnel excavation and underground water resources. According to these data, the tunnel path had been divided into two section: 1. High risk areas (Choghakhor region) 2. Low risk areas (Sabzkuh region). After tunnel mechanized excavation, changes of ground and geological complexity of studied zone and influx of mud along with abundance of water into tunnel caused cancelation of tunnel excavation despite all measures carried out for injection and reinforcement in risky area and capabilities of mechanized excavation machine. Following that, due to interaction to fault area of Sakiabad (Aloghareh), this fault had been dried in less than one week. Drying of Sakiabad spring had brought negative effects in terms of social, environmental and economical in the zone. Scrutiny of this factors and considering all parameters, the tunnel excavation had ceased. Reviewing studies and feasibility of all effected sections and with environmental management approach, combination of tunnel in Sabzkuh and water canal in Choghakhor section and change in the profile of path in order to reduce regional environmental impacts have been relatively considered. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
95 - Jointing analysis of the northern part of the Damavand region And assess the risk of landslides
Ali Karimpoor Mohsen Poorkermani Ali Solgi -
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96 - Role of Diapirism on Structural Deformation of the Zagros Basin, based on “Mangarak” and “kuh-Jahani” salt domes (South West of Firozabad)
anahita keynezhad Ghis Badakhshan Momtaz Moslem Ghvam Abadi Zahra Rezaei -
Open Access Article
97 - The Analysis of Social Justice Based on History and Class Consciousness by Georg Lukacs, and A Mirror for the Sounds and the Second Millennium of the Mountain Deer by Mohammad Reza Shafi'i Kadkani
akram gargarachi shahriyar hasanzadeh naser naseriAlthough it seems that the books, History and class consciousness by George Lukacs and a mirror for the voices and the second millennium of the mountain deer by Shafi'i Kadkani, are completely different in the term of form and they are written in non-homogeneous formats MoreAlthough it seems that the books, History and class consciousness by George Lukacs and a mirror for the voices and the second millennium of the mountain deer by Shafi'i Kadkani, are completely different in the term of form and they are written in non-homogeneous formats, they profoundly enjoy the same ideological premises which are the outcome of the similar views of two Western and Eastern thinkers in explaining social justice in a dynamic society. The objective of the current study is to comparatively analyze the literary works to represent the unity of human needs and fulfill the aspirations of an ideal humankind with social dignity, which despite the spatial differences, has some conformity due to the similarity of life issues in the present age. The study has been conducted by the statistical method of descriptive-analytics, using library notes. The study is aiming to explore the rational response, the creation of driving force and the reduction of inequalities in order to create social and cultural development based on the theory of individual class consciousness. The results indicate that the process of social awareness formation using the enlightening social and philosophical content of these works consists of three different stages; the consciousness stage that reveals itself in the form of objectification, the second stage, during which the protest enters into symbolic forms and finally the third stage, which leads to consolidation. It is the supreme goal of the two liberal thinkers. Manuscript profile -
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98 - A Suggestion to Establish the Chronology and Determine the Application of Defensive Architecture Remnants of Mount Ashkawt, Mahmoud Abad (Northwest Iran)
Hamid Amanollahi Mohammad Reza GhadriMount Ashkawt in the northeast of Mahmoudabad town contains extensive archaeological remains that have not been systematically surveyed and no information published about it yet. There are collapsed stone structures probably related to the defensive fortifications of a MoreMount Ashkawt in the northeast of Mahmoudabad town contains extensive archaeological remains that have not been systematically surveyed and no information published about it yet. There are collapsed stone structures probably related to the defensive fortifications of a castle on the west, north, and south sides of the mountain. Further, there are scattered stone structures in the form of low barrows and regular wall bases on top of the mountain. Based on the methods of construction, materials, potsherds, and paleoclimate indicators, the chronology of the site has been established; the architectural remains may be attributed to the Parthian and Sassanid periods according to comparative studies. During a preliminary survey on the remains illegally excavated places by looters, several potsherds including the edge, handle, bottom, and body of the buff ware vessels were found to correlate with the Parthian period. Natural and human factors have changed the structure of Mount Ashkawt and the architectural remains on it over time. Besides, Unauthorized excavations are an important factor that damaged the architectural structures of this large natural-archaeological site. Therefore, cultural heritage officials must pay attention to conservation and management programs. Manuscript profile -
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99 - Historical Settlements in Shah Kouh, Nehbandan County, South Khorasan (Fire Temple, Kalate Bal Batu, and Taska Cemetery)
Mohammad Farjami Ali Asqar Mahmoodi NasabNehbandan County is considered one of the important areas in the archaeological research of the historical and Islamic period of South Khorasan. The eastern region of Shah Kouh in the west of this county, due to the existence of suitable and favorable climatic and land MoreNehbandan County is considered one of the important areas in the archaeological research of the historical and Islamic period of South Khorasan. The eastern region of Shah Kouh in the west of this county, due to the existence of suitable and favorable climatic and land conditions, contains important and spacious settlements, which shows their importance in intra- and extra-regional interactions in historical times. Among these unique monuments, there are the remaining parts of the building known as Atashkadeh (Fire Temple) in the village of the same name, but unfortunately, only a few parts of this structure are left. According to the results of the excavation project to determine the core zone and suggest the buffer zone of the building as well as the existing architectural evidence and the current architecture in the context of the village, it is believed that this structure was founded with a cruciform pattern and four stone walls and a dome cover. The study shows that this building was built in the Sassanid period and was still standing in the early Islamic centuries as a religious place and in connection with the surrounding sites. Here, some of the nearby sites such as Kalate Bal Batu and Taska Cemetery were introduced and their surface cultural remains were also discussed and analyzed. This research aims to recognize the Fire Temple building according to the archaeological evidence and also to introduce other sites of the historical era such as Klate Bel Beto and Taska. Collecting the findings has been conducted in the field and analyzing them through Library research has been done with a historical-cultural approach and descriptive-analytical method. Manuscript profile -
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100 - Environmental Effects of the World Hyper-Landslide on Ancient Settlements
Siamak Sharafi Masoud Sadeghi RadThe occurrence of the world's largest landslides on the Kabir-Kuh anticline and on the path of Sayamareh and Kashkan river drainage network has created many wide environmental changes. The most important changes caused by the landslide include blocking the path of Sayma MoreThe occurrence of the world's largest landslides on the Kabir-Kuh anticline and on the path of Sayamareh and Kashkan river drainage network has created many wide environmental changes. The most important changes caused by the landslide include blocking the path of Saymareh and Kashkan rivers and creating two lakes which are world’s largest and most stable barrier lakes in the world. Geoarchaeological studies of this region utilizing physical and conceptual tools, laboratory methods, software tools as well as using statistical cluster analysis have led to the landslide fourstage recognition on the Kabir-Kuh anticline and the subsequent formation of four lakes within the Saymareh valley and a single-stage lake within the Kashkan valley; in addition, the results of these studies include detecting settlement patterns of archaeological sites in each periods from Epipaleolithic to Islamic in connection with the formation of the lake and the recognition of the ongoing changes in settlement patterns associated with fluctuations in the lake level. Based on the results of lake sediments dating, the occurrence of the primary Kabirkuh landslide and the formation of Seymare and Kashkan barrier lakes happened about 85000 years ago. Therefore, from the Middle Paleolithic to the Islamic era the human settlement patterns have been environmental changes caused by Kabirkuh landslide and also caused by the formation of barrier lakes. Manuscript profile -
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101 - Tel Bakian, a Suitable Option for Studying the Transition Phase from the Early to the Late Fars
Mohammad KaramiIntermountain plains are very suitable places to settle in mountainous areas. One of these plains is located in the northern region of Fars province, named Dasht-e Bakian/Bakian Plain. In this plain, a relatively large ancient hill is located near Bakian village. Accord MoreIntermountain plains are very suitable places to settle in mountainous areas. One of these plains is located in the northern region of Fars province, named Dasht-e Bakian/Bakian Plain. In this plain, a relatively large ancient hill is located near Bakian village. According to the surface pottery, it seems that there were settlements from the Early and the Late Fars periods. In this article, while introducing the pottery of this site, the importance of the Early Fars phase in the northern Fars region is investigated. Manuscript profile -
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102 - The Role of Environmental Factors on the Formation of Elamite Settlements in MianKouh of Ardal Area by GIS
Alireza Khosrowzadeh Mahmoud Heydarian Hamid MohammadiMian Kouh area of Ardal County due to high mountains, deep valleys, small plains and being in Nomads routes has been considered by humans from the past. Because of the importance of Elamite period in this region and since the period remains unknown in East mountainous a MoreMian Kouh area of Ardal County due to high mountains, deep valleys, small plains and being in Nomads routes has been considered by humans from the past. Because of the importance of Elamite period in this region and since the period remains unknown in East mountainous areas of Khuzestan, knowing about settlement patterns and the impact of the environment on the formation and distribution Elamite sites is essential. During the three seasons survey in this area, in 1387 to 1390, 78 Elamite site was identified and recorded. The goal of this article is to study the environmental factors and their roles on shaping the human habitat spatial in Elamite period. For survey and statistical analysis of the effect of environmental factors on Elamite settlements we used some factors such as altitude, slope, distance from river and distance from communication routs in the area. To find the relationship of each site with another one we divided them, according to based map, into several classes and then we obtained the correlation of sites with each class.On this basis, for each environmental factor a map (GIS) was made and by outputs of this map, statistical analysis of each environmental factor and its role in understanding the settlement patterns in this area was done. Distance from water sources is one of the most important environmental factors in formation of Elamite settlement in the area, almost always all the sites had a suitable distance from the water sources. Other iimportant factors are distance from the path and slope direction. Manuscript profile -
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103 - A Comparative Study of the Paintings in Kuh-e Khwaja with the Wall Paintings in Doura-Europos
Faezeh Rezaei Elham Vosough BabaeiThe region in Kuhe-e Khwaja located in Sistan, and the one in Doura-Europos located in modern Syria are outstanding regions from the painting point of view in Parthian Empire period; the art was never seen in Iran before the Parthian Empire. This paper tends to provide MoreThe region in Kuhe-e Khwaja located in Sistan, and the one in Doura-Europos located in modern Syria are outstanding regions from the painting point of view in Parthian Empire period; the art was never seen in Iran before the Parthian Empire. This paper tends to provide a comparative study of the wall paintings in Kuhe-e Khwaja and the ones in Doura-Europos focusing on the artistic methods, motifs and the contents utilized in the wall paintings in the two regions while also comparing with the other archeological objects belonging to Parthian Empire. The results showed that despite differences, especially the ones concerning characters and religious contents in Doura paintings, similarities could be found between the paintings in the two regions in artistic methods like full-faced pictures, outlining, perspective, and in painting contents such as using older styles and models like hunting and levee all having their roots in Iranian local arts. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
104 - Analytical Study on Parthian Relics and Settlements in Abyek Foothills
Arzollah Najafi Farzad Mafi Reza AkhoundiAbyek district in Qazvin province based on It's geographical situation and natural potentials has a particular situation that understanding of it's cultural evolution and historical happenings in Parthian period assist us to better recognition of the cultural changes of MoreAbyek district in Qazvin province based on It's geographical situation and natural potentials has a particular situation that understanding of it's cultural evolution and historical happenings in Parthian period assist us to better recognition of the cultural changes of this part of Iran from 250 BC to AC 224 Archaeological survey in northern part of Abyek foothills (Ziaran, Eastern Eghbal, eastern & western Kuhpaye) Conducted in March to May. In this season of Archaeological survey find out 89 sites that among of these, 64 sites yields evidences of Parthian culture. This research reveals evidences of demographic changes and change in settlement pattern in this region at Parthian period. Further, it was indicated that the most settlements of the area consist of small villages and no evidence of urbanize centers, Also, it seems that the region's material culture in Parthian period as well as owning some of the local characteristics finally belong to cultural span of north and west of Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
105 - Darvish Ahmad: New Discovery of an Elymaean Rock Relief on the Monar Mountain’s Hillside (Andika-Khuzestan)
Ayoub Soltani Zahra Javadinia Masoud Sadeghi RadThrough investigation, identification and preparation of the registration dossier of ancient sites, a rock relief called Darvish Ahmad was discovered in Andika city in 1394. This relief which belongs to Elymaean base reliefs portrays a banquet scene in which a person wh MoreThrough investigation, identification and preparation of the registration dossier of ancient sites, a rock relief called Darvish Ahmad was discovered in Andika city in 1394. This relief which belongs to Elymaean base reliefs portrays a banquet scene in which a person who has lounged has a cup in his hand. An object which is probably a sword, mace or axe along with a tree has been carved behind him. The rock relief is reminiscent of the Statue of Hercules. The Stylistics of this rock relief is comparable with rock reliefs of Bard-e Bot Kohe Tina, tang-e Sarvak II and IV, Tang-e Zir of Izeh, Sheyvand, Bard-e Gori Jangeh, Sang-e Mahi and Bard e Chozeh. The rock relief is the 9th Elymaean rock relief with a banquet scene in Elymaean territory. Numerous similarities among these rock reliefs, which have been carved on the single rocks near migration routes, distinguish them from other Elymaean rock reliefs. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
106 - Preliminary Report on Archaeological Survey of Southern Side of Alborz Mountains at Abyek: First Season
Farzad Mafi Reza AkhoundiThe Quazvin plain along with the heights that overlook it is one of the important centers of foundation and development of human culture in Iranian Flat in different eras. The focus of archeological studies in recent decades on Quazvin plain and scientific archeological MoreThe Quazvin plain along with the heights that overlook it is one of the important centers of foundation and development of human culture in Iranian Flat in different eras. The focus of archeological studies in recent decades on Quazvin plain and scientific archeological studies in heights overlooking the plain especially southern mountainsides has made the Alborz mountains inevitable for study. In this research¸ the results from a number of archeological findings and recent studies can get a view of the position of the area in prehistoric eras¸ past history and the history of Islam. For this purpose¸ three villages, i.e. , Ziaran Estern and Western mountain sides of Abyek city and the village of Eastern Eghbal locating at the territory governed by central part of Qazvin were studied. We studied 89 archeological sites and also a considerable number of mentioned and unmentioned works including stone tools, sculpture, metal tools and so on were identified and discovered we dealt with them in this research. The results from this research reveal that with regard to 7 sites related to the period of Paleolithic which had stone tools and traces that are the characteristics of middle and new Paleolithic. We can say that in the period of Paleolithic the heights of this area were of the important habitats of people in the North of Iranian Flat. Although the identification of traces and cultural materials of the period of chalcolithic (2 cases) and the bronze age (3 case) show the continuation of living of people in the mentioned era, the identification of a great number of sites of Iron age (21cases) and Parthian (38 cases) shows the witnesses of habitats and settlement of human communities (Regarding both the quality and quantity of witnesses) from the second half of the second millennium BC until the first half of millennium A.C Forwards movement regarding the vast number of sites and areas and cultural heritage of different Islamic periods (47 cases) in the course of Islamic periods that has moved ahead. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
107 - Identifying the boundaries of old Tabarstan based on its political and historical geography
nahid pakzad mohamadreza sharifzade roknabadi davod Mahsa .khoieDue to its special geographical conditions and cultural background, Tabaristan is one of the most important historical regions, and identifying its geographical boundaries as the background of events and the origin of artistic and cultural elements specific to the regio MoreDue to its special geographical conditions and cultural background, Tabaristan is one of the most important historical regions, and identifying its geographical boundaries as the background of events and the origin of artistic and cultural elements specific to the region seems essential for cultural and social studies. If we consider historical geography as a set of political, ethnic and cultural geography of a historical region, the purpose of this research is to examine the historical geography of Tabarstan to identify its scope. The research method was descriptive and analytical in the framework of historical geography and collecting information using library sources. The result of the research shows that Tabaristan, as the home of the Tapuri clans, included many areas from the east to the west of the plain and the northern and southern slopes of Alborz, which, due to its special geographical location, was able to withstand the Aryan immigrants and the Arabs for a long time. With the spread of conflicts with the envoys of the Arab caliphs and the central governments of Iran, the confrontation of local governments and the reduction of their authority, Tabarstan was out of unity and had changes in its borders. The range of border changes is Tabaristan, Dillman in the west, Gorgan in the east and Qoms and Ray in the south. Tabari dialect, along with Tabari customs and traditions, is common beyond the borders of Mazandaran and extends the range of old Tabaristan to the southern foothills of Alborz. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
108 - Ismailid's Castles in south of Khorasan (Castle mountain of Qaien)
javad horyCastle Mountain, or Artagovana, glorious natural and human heritage remains from ancient age and Achaemenid dynasty in Qohestan the historic district in the south of Khorasan, the spent bachbone and a long era. This castle in the first centuries of islam went, as one of MoreCastle Mountain, or Artagovana, glorious natural and human heritage remains from ancient age and Achaemenid dynasty in Qohestan the historic district in the south of Khorasan, the spent bachbone and a long era. This castle in the first centuries of islam went, as one of the shelters and centers Zoroastrian propaganda and centuries later, the most important centers of activity of the Ismailid of Southern Khorasan province. Asfar as the compilation works such as ethics of AKHLAGHE – NASERI by Khajeh Nasir Tusi tale of considerable importance to it. This building as one of the centers advisable for attracting tourism, index makes location and natural landscape castle on the hand, and the other hand remained of buildings and architectural works such as one floor or two floor spaces and embedded trench, water storage, and the wall is stable. Three points above the basic castle are: 1- Background of ancient and historical building as a center of political and intellectual developments in effective land of Khorasan and compared with Alamut castle. 2- Position with beautiful natural space by clearing the height on top of a mountain over five hundred meters. 3- Buildings architecture of this castle that kept clear of the boom has various periods. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
109 - Sistan Sekouhe Castle and its historical role in East events during Qajar Era
maryam ebrahimiFrom ancient times, the rulers and the people of Sistan , at relatively flat plain proceeded to build high walls and large castles For defense against their enemies attacks and surviving of their lives and properties. In building these castles and wall they have used th MoreFrom ancient times, the rulers and the people of Sistan , at relatively flat plain proceeded to build high walls and large castles For defense against their enemies attacks and surviving of their lives and properties. In building these castles and wall they have used the folk arts and materials. Sekouheh Castle is one of the most important fortresses. its basic building blocks was for Afshariye and Zand era and later، it was developed in Qajar era because of being chosen as Sistan capital city. Sekouhe castle Art and architecture is the fusion of of the Safavid and Qajar era .Also it is the symbol of the Islamic Iranian native traditions At a time when Iran's eastern areas prone to interference or threats and expansionist actions of Russians and the British government .Rulers and the people of this region gently perform and recover their national Iranian identity ,Especially at the time of Naser adin Shah, after a period of political fragmentation, its importance is more visible. This article has a historical approach. It is library-based research based on historical written sources and oral history which is written as descriptive analysis method. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
110 - The study of Mahmood Afghan attack to Kohkiloyeh & Behbahan to Badaye Akhbar manuscript
reza shabani jamshid ghayemiThe topic of Mahmood Afghan attack to Isfahan and decline of 200 years safavid government is of topics that has been considered by many internal & external researchers who look at it in different views . Although we know that Afghans hit the last stroke to the Safav MoreThe topic of Mahmood Afghan attack to Isfahan and decline of 200 years safavid government is of topics that has been considered by many internal & external researchers who look at it in different views . Although we know that Afghans hit the last stroke to the Safavid government which about one century before that time had been fallen into the weakness & decline and also governed Iran about 7 years (1135 _ 1142) ; In spite of their efforts toward maintaining power and developing government ؛ They could'nt put in practice their dominance on noticeable regions of Iran ؛ resistance of cities Yazd ، Khansar and their useless efforts . Among these cities ، Behbahan and Kohkiloyeh didn't accept Afghan governance and resist against them ، but we have only few reference about that ( few lines are wrriten about that ) . Badaye Akhbar is an unique manuscript which was written by skilled writer known as Mirza Abdollah Nabi ، a Behbahan writer who wrote in detail the story of Behbahan people resistance and defence against Mahmood Afghan attack. No doubt ، if there wasn't an obligated historian like him , we haven't known about this attack and defence or in other words we haven't known about part of the history of that district. Severe defence of Behbahan people against Afghans which last about 36 days in 1136 led to failure of attackers reperformance one year later(1137). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
111 - The legal and political principles of seigniors-peasants in the poshtkuh region during the Valiyan sovereignty
parviz bageri azim karimiThroughout the history, agriculture had been one of the fundamental occupations of the people in the region of poshtkuh. Valian dynasty had governed the people of poshtkuh and pishkuh for about three century (1006-1307 A.H). The relations between seignior and peasant an MoreThroughout the history, agriculture had been one of the fundamental occupations of the people in the region of poshtkuh. Valian dynasty had governed the people of poshtkuh and pishkuh for about three century (1006-1307 A.H). The relations between seignior and peasant and the legal rules governing this relation which had rather been on the groundof custom and sharia' provisions, is of great significance. During the period of the Valian sovereignty to poshtkuh, services such as construction and development, discipline, dispute resolution, tax collection and handling of the common affairs of the people had been done. However, because of the lack of written legal rules, picturing a specific framework to govern the relations between seigniors and peasants in the poshtkuh region need overall investigation. This paper scrutinizes the sources of this age including travelogues and tries to analyze the various legal aspects of the relations between seigniors and peasants during the age of Valian governing poshtkuhregion. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
112 - Ziggurat; A Symbolic Structure
mohammad taghi fazliIt has long been known to human being that mountains play an important role in producing water and rain , and that water sources can be found there. Water has been closely associated with the formation of civilizations. For this reason, the starting point for civilizati MoreIt has long been known to human being that mountains play an important role in producing water and rain , and that water sources can be found there. Water has been closely associated with the formation of civilizations. For this reason, the starting point for civilizations can be traced in mountains. Moreover, inhabited caves and stony shelters found are all in mountains. It should be kept that the raw material for prehistoric man, i.e. stone, was found in mountains. Mountain in mythology is the place of gods. In Greece the highest mountain was Olympus where Zeus was worshipped. It can be said that the settlement and reproduction of gods in mountains showed the importance of mountains. In Sumer and the south of Mesopotamia, however, there is not a high mountain; therefore, they build their temples mountain-like. Among these was the Tower of Babel built like a mountain. In fact, multi-story temples and pyramids symbolized mountain. This can be supported by the fact that no picture on pottery, seals and mountain cliffs were used for entertainment, as no symbol of writing systems was used without a purpose Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
113 - Phytochemical study of the Medicinal plant extract of (Rosa Canina L.) collected from Meshkin-shahr vegetation area and its antibacterial effect on common oral and dental bacteria.
Hojjat Eghbal Mehdi Ahmadi SabeghIntroduction and purpose: Recently, due to the increasing resistance of microorganisms to common antibiotics, the use of phenolic and antimicrobial compounds in medicinal plants has received special attention.Materials and methods: The extract of mountain nester plants MoreIntroduction and purpose: Recently, due to the increasing resistance of microorganisms to common antibiotics, the use of phenolic and antimicrobial compounds in medicinal plants has received special attention.Materials and methods: The extract of mountain nester plants was extracted by maceration method and their phenolic compounds were identified by HPLC, the antimicrobial effect of the extract was investigated in concentrations (25, 50 and 100 µg/ml). These bacteria included common microbes and fungi, including Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sanguinis, Streptococcus salivaris, Streptococcus subrinus, Escherichia coli, Icnella cordens, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Disc diffusion and MIC methods were used to investigate the antimicrobial activity of the extracts.Findings: In the investigation of the effect of each extract on bacteria, it was found that the medicinal plant of mountain nester has the least inhibitory effect against Klebsiella pneumoniae bacteria and the most inhibitory effect on Candida glabrata fungus. The results of the MIC test also confirm these effectsConclusion: According to the phytochemical results obtained from the extract of this research, it can be stated that the studied medicinal plant has antibacterial phenolic compounds. Therefore, the results of the research showed that the medicinal plant extract of mountain nasturtium has appropriate antimicrobial properties against bacteria that cause oral and dental infections, so this herbal medicine can be used as an alternative to standard chlorhexidine drugs. And Nystatin said. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
114 - The characteristics of the optimal sunlit space according to operative temperature and energy simulation in mountain villages (Case study: Shemiranat villages of Tehran)
Sepideh Babazadeh Saloot , Mansoureh Tahbaz, Leila Karimifard, Seyed Amir MansouriThe alleys of the villages are the narrators of the people who were the creators of architecture not so long ago, which today is the study platform of many researchers for the settlement and construction of Iran.What causes this attention and importance is the achieveme MoreThe alleys of the villages are the narrators of the people who were the creators of architecture not so long ago, which today is the study platform of many researchers for the settlement and construction of Iran.What causes this attention and importance is the achievement that is the result of years of life experience of rural people.In order to preserve and maintain the villages, it is inevitable to pay attention to harmony with the environment, landscape and climate and to use renewable energies instead of fossil fuels. This research deals with one of the most important and fundamental components of climate and environmental compatibility, that is, paying attention to solar energy in rural houses in cold and mountainous areas.Paying attention to the space of the sunny courtyard in the body of rural houses, although it is related to the architecture of the past; But paying attention to solar energy is not limited by time and the mutual and inevitable connection of local context and new constructions shows the important fact that in order to maintain kinship and connection between rural structures and to optimize and save energy consumption, reflection and attention to local patterns and creating links In the form of new and modern architecture, it is vital, important and valuable for the village.The main goal of this research is to identify and introduce the sunlit space and to express its role in creating a micro-climate in order to benefit from renewable solar energy and save energy.The basic and important question of this research is, what are the characteristics of a favorable and effective sunlit space in microclimate and what factors does it depend on? And what role does new architecture and construction have on the quality of the sunlit space, sometimes neglecting the solar envelope and creating unwanted shadows on the sunlit space of the vernacular houses?This research is an applied research in terms of its purpose and it is a qualitative-quantitative research in terms of its nature.Collecting the information of this research was done by library and documentary method and a significant part of it was done in the field and in the villages.The sample community in this research was the mountain villages of Shemiranat, Tehran, based on factors, 10 villages were selected, and after many observations in these villages, 40 native houses were visited, studied and analyzed. The studied statistical population, along with conversations and qualitative interviews with the villagers and residents of these native houses, a selected example with a dominant sunny courtyard, was simulated by Design Builder software in order to answer the problem and validate the local conversations. The design builder software that was used in this research is a building energy performance simulation user interface that uses the Energy Plus simulation engine. This tool calculates and analyzes the heat transfer from different levels of the building throughout the year and estimates the temperature of the indoor environment. In this way, by taking into account the type of facility system and taking into account the appropriate temperature of the environment, the amount of energy consumption of the building can be obtained.According to the results of the research and many examples observed in the mountain villages, the quality of the sunny courtyard and the extent of its influence in creating a microclimate are dependent on several factors that oblige the builders of rural housing to comply with the rules in construction.The idea of using the sunlit space is often suitable for climates that are cold and there is a need to intensify the flow of solar energy and heat into the building; Therefore, as much importance is given to energy absorption as it is to preserve it in the internal environment. Therefore, using a covered balcony, which the villagers do with experience, and cover the sun porches and courtyards with plastic in winter, will create an uncontrolled space (similar to a greenhouse) that will also contribute to the energy supply of the company. and it is very effective and by reducing the temperature difference, it will reduce heat loss; Therefore, in general, the issue of design should be looked at as a set of solutions, and definitely one element or factor alone will not guarantee ideal and optimal conditions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
115 - Investigating the relationship between the dimensions of rural tourism development and the quality of social welfare of rural residents of Koohrang city
Zahra Raisi Naser Hejazi Mohamadali ChitsazNowadays, the tourism industry has a principal impact as the largest service industry in the world and plays a key role in improving the socio-cultural and economic structure of countries. Investigating the literature of development, indicates that the improvement of ru MoreNowadays, the tourism industry has a principal impact as the largest service industry in the world and plays a key role in improving the socio-cultural and economic structure of countries. Investigating the literature of development, indicates that the improvement of rural social welfare is a function of various phenomena, such as tourism activity. The present study, investigates the relationship between the dimensions of rural tourism development and the quality of social welfare of rural residents of Koohrang city in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province. The research method is descriptive and comparative causal, including a sample size of 616 people which have been chosen by stratified sampling method. The data obtained from this study have been analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The structural validity of the questionnaire was performed by factor analysis and KMO test and its reliability was determined by Cronbach's alpha test (0.72). The calculation process in this investigation is based on the structural equation method, SPSS and AMOS software. The outcomes showed a significant relevance between the dimensions of tourism development and social welfare and the regression values of the structural model indicate that the functional dimension of rural tourism development has the most effect (ß = 0.64) and the service dimension (ß = 0.07) has the least influence on social welfare. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
116 - Phytochemical characteristics and antimicrobial effect of Ziziphora clinopodioides and Coriandrum Sativum seed essential oils and their combination on some food borne pathogenic bacter
S. Abbaszadeh M. Kargozari H. Gandomi NasrAbadiEssential oils and their components have known antibacterial effects. In this study the major components of essential oils of Coriandrum sativum seeds and aerial parts of Ziziphora clinopodioides were identified by means of GC-MS and the effect of different concentratio MoreEssential oils and their components have known antibacterial effects. In this study the major components of essential oils of Coriandrum sativum seeds and aerial parts of Ziziphora clinopodioides were identified by means of GC-MS and the effect of different concentrations of them alone and in combination were then investigated in vitro to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) against some foodborne pathogenic bacteria including Escherichia coli O157:H7, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella Typhimurium, Listeria monocytogenes and Bacillus cereus using broth micro-dilution method. The most principle compounds composing Coriander seed essential oil (CEO) were Linalool L,γ-Terpinene, α-Pinene, Geraniol acetate and cymene. Thymol, α-Terpineol, Carvacrol, Linalool L and γ-Terpinene were the main chemical compounds found in Ziziphora essential oil (ZEO). Considering the results of MIC and MBC, B. cereus was the most sensitive (MIC 500ppm, MBC 1000ppm) and S. Typhimurium was the most resistant species (MIC 2000ppm and MBC 5000ppm) against CEO.ZEO also showed more antimicrobial effect against Gram positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes and Bacillus cereus (MIC 500ppm) compared to Gram negative bacteria of E. coli O157:H7andS. Typhimurium (MIC 1000ppm). The results of the evaluation of the combination effect of aforementioned EOs indicated that ZEO+CEO could synergistically suppress the growth ofS.aureus (MIC 125+250 ppm, 250+125 ppm). The results of this study showed that Ziziphora and Coriander EOs when used in combination are more effective against Gram+ bacterial growth especially against S. aureus which is an important bacterial Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
117 - Effect of carboxymethyl cellulose and sodium alginate-based edible coating containing wild garlic (Allium ursinum L.) extract on the shelf-life of lactic cheese
S.M. Mousavi L. , Najafian M. FarsiNowadays, coating by natural materials is one of the novel food preservation methods with extensive applications. Cheese is a popular food, however, its high daily intake due to its high salt content may threaten the health of consumers. In this study, instead of stored MoreNowadays, coating by natural materials is one of the novel food preservation methods with extensive applications. Cheese is a popular food, however, its high daily intake due to its high salt content may threaten the health of consumers. In this study, instead of stored in brine, the novel method for cheese coating was used with the combination of 2% sodium alginate and 3% carboxymethyl cellulose with wild garlic extract at three concentrations of 0.5, 1 and 1.5%. Two uncoated cheese specimens (stored in or out of brine) were considered as the control groups. Physicochemical (pH, acidity and weight loss), microbial (thermophile, psychrophile, mold and yeast count), and sensory properties of the samples were investigated for 21 days at 4 °C. The results showed that during storage, pH decreased significantly (p < 0.05) while acidity, weight loss and microbial load increased. Coating with various ratios affected all of the sensory properties of the cheese samples. So that the highest score of total acceptance was related to the coating with 1.5% wild garlic extract. According to the results, edible coating based on sodium alginate and carboxymethyl cellulose, containing the wild garlic extract, can be used to increase the shelf life of cheese. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
118 - Effect of edible carrageenan- Mentha longifolia essential oil coating on microbial, chemical and sensory characteristics of fresh chicken fillet during refrigeration storage
S. Kiani Ghalesard A. Fazlara M. Ghaderi-Ghahfarokhi M. PourmahdiThe coating is one of the methods to extend the chicken fillet shelf life. The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of carrageenan edible coating (1%) containing (Mentha longifolia) essential oil (1.5%) on the quality of chicken fillet during refrigerated MoreThe coating is one of the methods to extend the chicken fillet shelf life. The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of carrageenan edible coating (1%) containing (Mentha longifolia) essential oil (1.5%) on the quality of chicken fillet during refrigerated storage. Samples were separated into three groups: uncoated (control), coated with carrageenan and coated with carrageenan contained essential oil (Mentha longifolia) were stored at refrigerator temperature for 21 days and were evaluated for microbial (psychrotrophic and mesophilic) counts, chemical properties [pH, total volatile nitrogen (TVN) and thiobarbituric acid (TBA)] and sensory characteristics (appearance, muscles elasticity, odor, and color). The results of the bacterial analysis showed that coating with carrageenan and carrageenan- essential oil coatings had significant effects on delaying the increasing trend of psychrophilic and mesophilic bacterial counts as compared to control. Chemically, carrageenan-essential oil treatment showed lower TBA, TVN, and pH values than the other two groups during storage (P< 0.01). Moreover, the carrageenan and carrageenan contained essential oil treatments maintained sensorial factors at acceptable levels for 3 and 9 days respectively. Based on the results of the present study, carrageenan coating did not have the ability to extend the shelf life of chicken fillets but, the carrageenan-essential oil coating could extend the shelf life of chicken fillets for 9 days. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
119 - Effect of Oliveria Decumbens essential oils on microbial characteristics of hamburger
Z. Ghorbani N. Zamindar M. Jelvan M. Golabadi< p >The use of herbal essential oils can inhibit bacterial growth and proliferation. In this investigation, the chemical composition and antimicrobial effects of essential oils of Oliveria decumbens on culture media and hamburger have been studied. GC/M More< p >The use of herbal essential oils can inhibit bacterial growth and proliferation. In this investigation, the chemical composition and antimicrobial effects of essential oils of Oliveria decumbens on culture media and hamburger have been studied. GC/MS analysis identified 12 components in the essential oils of Oliveria decumbens. The antimicrobial activity of the essential oils was investigated against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli using disc diffusion and well plate method. The experiment was a factorial form of a completely randomized design with 3 levels in essential oil concentration (0, 0.32, and 1.25 µl/g) in 4 periods (1, 20, 40, and 60 days) with 3 replications on S. aureus, E. coli, mold, yeast and total count in hamburger. The most important identified compounds in the essential oils of Oliveria decumbens were phenolic and aldehyde compounds. Minimum inhibition concentrations of Oliveria decumbens essential oils against S. aureus and E. coli were 0.32 µl/ml and 0.625 µl/ml, respectively. Besides, the number of microorganisms decreased with increasing concentrations of essential oils of Oliveria decumbens. There was no significant difference between the control and concentrations of 0.32 µl/g in E. coli count but in all types of microorganisms, the highest decrease was observed in the concentration of 1.25 µl/g (p < /em> Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
120 - Identification of active components in the extracts of Hypericum Perforatum L. and Oliveria Decumbens Vent. and evaluation of their antioxidant and antimicrobial effects on some microorganisms
Mahsa jafarpour Hajar Abbasi Mohammad GoliEssential oils and extracts of medicinal plants have been highly regarded as natural food additives and preservatives due to the presence of bioactive compounds and functional activities, including antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. In this research, Hypericum pe MoreEssential oils and extracts of medicinal plants have been highly regarded as natural food additives and preservatives due to the presence of bioactive compounds and functional activities, including antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. In this research, Hypericum perforatum and Oliveria decumbens were extracted by the maceration method and ultrasonic waves. Total phenolic compounds, and antioxidant as well as antimicrobial activities were assessed by GC-MS. Minimum inhibitory and minimum bactericidal concentrations against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Aspergillus niger were evaluated. The results showed that 19 main compounds, the most important of which are Thymol (24.40%), Carvacrol (23.00%), and Myristicin (9.78%), comprise 90.22% of O. decumbens extract. In the extract of H. perforatum, 20 compounds constitute 94.16% of the extract, among which Hypericin (25.92%) and Hyperforin (16.69%) are the most important effective compounds. The content of phenolic compounds of Hypericum perforatum and O. decumbens extracts were 24.0 and 9.5 mg/g of dry weight, respectively. H. perforatum extract shows higher antioxidant activity compared to O. decumbens extract (IC50 of H. perforatum and O. decumbens extracts are 0.173 and 0.470 g/ml, respectively). The extract of H. perforatum inhibited the activity of S. aureus and E. coli, however, did not significantly inhibit the activity of A. niger. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
121 - Effect of essential oils of thyme, oregano and their combination on quality of quail meat in comparison with virginiamycin
Sh Hajipour dehbalaei محسن Afsharmanesh مسعود SamiDue to its high concentration of polyunsaturated fatty acids, poultry meat is prone to oxidative deterioration. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of essential oils of thyme, oregano and their combination in comparison with virginiamycin on quality of q MoreDue to its high concentration of polyunsaturated fatty acids, poultry meat is prone to oxidative deterioration. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of essential oils of thyme, oregano and their combination in comparison with virginiamycin on quality of quail’s meat. The dietary treatments consisted of the basal control (without any added compounds or with 100 mg/kg of virginiamycin), 100 and 200 mg/kg of thyme and oregano essential oils, as well as an equal mixture of thyme and oregano essential oil (levels of 50 and 100 mg /kg). At the end of 35 days of the experiment, two birds from each group were slaughtered for testing the meat quality (including malondialdehyde, pH, water holding capacity, dripping loss and cooking loss). Results showed that essential oils of thyme, oregano and their mixture reduced the thiobarbituric acid value, dripping loss and cooking loss; on the other hand pH value and water holding capacity was increased. Oregano and thyme essential oils contain compounds with high antioxidant properties. Therefore, the presence of these compounds in the bloodstream and their accumulation in the muscle tissue could results in an increase in the antioxidant capacity and consequently enhance the keeping quality of meat. It seems that the application of natural antioxidants such as thymol or carvacrol could be helpful to improve the quality of poultry meat. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
122 - Investigating effect of Kelussia Odoratissima Mozaff powder on some microbial and sensation charactristics of Borujerd Domestic cheese
صدریه Sameti وجیهه Fadaei NoghaniNowadays use of natural antimicrobial compounds such as herbal powders and extracts in food storage is important; therefore, in this study, the antimicrobial effects of plant powder Kelussia Odoratissima Mozaff in at the levels of 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 on preventing the grow MoreNowadays use of natural antimicrobial compounds such as herbal powders and extracts in food storage is important; therefore, in this study, the antimicrobial effects of plant powder Kelussia Odoratissima Mozaff in at the levels of 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 on preventing the growth of mold, yeast and coliforms; as well as the, overall acceptability, pH and acidity of Borujerd domestic cheese samples during the cold storage were studied. For this purpose, raw sheep's milk was heated to a temperature of35-37°C, and fungal rennet was added at a rate of0.06%. plants powders studied, after blanching with steam, was added with fungal rennet to milk. After clotting for one hour at room temperature, curds were poured in to a clean cloth to squeeze. After 12hours, the curds were sectioned and transferred to12% salt water, and were stored at 4°C during 60 days. The findings showed that with increasing the percentage of Kelussia Odoratissima Mozaff powder in cheese samples, the number of coliform and mold and yeast, titratable acidity and overall acceptability significantly decreased (p <0.05); and pH significantly increased (p <0.05). Finally, the sample containing 0.1% Kelussia Odoratissima Mozaff had more utility in sensory properties than the others that containing it. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
123 - The effect of oregano leaves on meat quality in broiler chicks
E. Rostami Gohari M. Afsharmanesh M. SamiThis study was conducted to investigate the effect of oregano leaves on meat quality in broiler chicks. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with 4 treatment, 4 replicates of 10 chicks per replicate. The dietary treatments consisted of the 1) b MoreThis study was conducted to investigate the effect of oregano leaves on meat quality in broiler chicks. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with 4 treatment, 4 replicates of 10 chicks per replicate. The dietary treatments consisted of the 1) basal diet without additives, 2) basal diet containing 200 mg virginamycin/kg diet, 3,4) basal diet contain 0.1 and 0.2 percent oregano leaves, respectively. The quality parameters were measured included: Thiobarbituric acid (TBA), pH, water hold capacity, dripping loss and cooking loss. Data from the experiment were analyzed in a completely randomized design by SAS software and comparison means were performed with using of Duncan's multiple range tests at 5% level. The result showed that feeding with different levels oregano leaves caused reduction of TBA, dripping loss and cooking loss (P<0.05). Meat pH in chicks that receiving oregano leaves was higher than the control and antibiotic group and the maximum (W.H.C) was observed in the treatment receiving oregano leaves(P<0.05). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
124 - Therapeutic effects of Vitex (Vitagnus castus) extract on in vitro maturation and fertilization of oocytes in mice affected by polycystic ovary syndrome
tohid ghorbani amir karimi gholamreza najafi maghsud besharti Mouhsen SharafiPolycystic ovary syndrome results from lack of follicular wall collagen reduction leading to accumulation of follicles and decreased oocyte quality. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of vitex extract on in vitro maturation and fertilization of oocytes in mice expo MorePolycystic ovary syndrome results from lack of follicular wall collagen reduction leading to accumulation of follicles and decreased oocyte quality. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of vitex extract on in vitro maturation and fertilization of oocytes in mice exposed to polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOs). A total of 32 immature Naval Medical Research Institute (NMRI) 25 day old female mice with a mean body weight of 25 gr were randomly allocated into four experimental groups including: 1) Control group (Con) which did not receive extract, 2) PCO: polycystic ovary syndrome group which also did not receive any extract, and groups 3 and 4 in which PCO was induced and received vitex extract at 365 and 730 mg/kg/day respectively for 30 days. The mice received intraperitoneal injection of pregnant mare serum gonadotropin (PMSG) and subsequently sacrificed in order to collect oocytes from ovarian follicles for in vitro analysis of maturation and fertilization. The amounts of serum testosterone and estradiol substantially decreased in extract treated groups in comparison with PCO mice (p < /em><0.05). Use of vitex extract decreased testosterone whether in groups PCO+365 mg of extract or PCO+730 mg of extract versus PCO (p < /em><0.05). The number of mature oocytes (MII) in PCO+730 mg of extract was significantly higher than PCO (p < /em><0.05). Also there were no significant differences in percentage of fertilized oocytes and Two-cell embryos between experimental groups (p < /em>>0.05). On the other hand, the percentage of produced blastocyst and hatched embryos in PCO+365 mg of extract was higher than PCO (p < /em><0.05). The results showed vitex extract consumption can induce more oocytes for fertilization and consequently, production of embryos in animals with PCO syndrome. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
125 - Studying preventive effects of Berberisintegerrimaon root on carbon tetrachloride induced hepatotoxicity in broilers
mohammadreza mohammadimalayeri abolfazl dadkhahtehrani zahra oraghiardebili hamid nazeriLiver diseases and their economic losses have gained more importancealongside the development of integrated poultry industry. Studies have proved hepatotoxicity induced by carbon tetrachloride as one of the best experimental models of hepatotocicity. Barberries have bee MoreLiver diseases and their economic losses have gained more importancealongside the development of integrated poultry industry. Studies have proved hepatotoxicity induced by carbon tetrachloride as one of the best experimental models of hepatotocicity. Barberries have been used widely in traditional medicine.The purpose of the present study was to evaluaterthe preventive effects of Berberisintegerrima root on carbon tetrachloride induced liver lesions in broilers.For this purpose, 80 day old Ross strain broilers were divided randomly to 8 study groupsconsisting of negative control, positive control which received IP 4ml/kg b.w. carbon tetrachloride twice in 25th and 28thdays , treatment controls consisting of 10,20 and 30 grams of Berberisintegerrima root per kilogram of diet and treatment groups consisting of 10,20 and 30 gr. Of Berberis root / Kg diet + IPcarbontetrachloride 4ml/Kg b.w. twice in 25th and 28th days.At 29th day, blood samples were collected from animals, then they were sacrificed and their liver samples were fixed in 10% formalin solution. The blood samples were sent to laboratory to measure ALT,AST and ALP activities.Biochemical results didn't show any significant changes of ALT,AST and ALP activities between all study groups (P>0.05). Microscopic results showed significant decrease in pathologic lesions of 20 gr Berberis root /Kg diet treatment group in comparison with the positive control group(P<0.05).The results of this study indicated that to induce more severe hepatocellular lesions in broilers by carbon tetrachloride doses more than 4ml/Kg b.w are needed.Adding 20 gr Berberisintegerrima root /Kg diet could have preventive effects against acute hapatotoxicity induced by carbon tetrachloride. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
126 - Urban Runoff Management by the People with the Facilitation of the Municipality in the Form of Theories of Mental Action and Acceptance of Innovation (Case Study of Abkooh Neighborhood of Mashhad
Rostam SaberifarFrost is one of the natural events whose early and late occurrence can affect different aspects of human life. Therefore, this research has been carried out with the aim of predicting the atmospheric factors of this phenomenon with an environmental approach. For this pu MoreFrost is one of the natural events whose early and late occurrence can affect different aspects of human life. Therefore, this research has been carried out with the aim of predicting the atmospheric factors of this phenomenon with an environmental approach. For this purpose, the environmental data related to the daily minimum temperature of 2001-2017 for 9 synoptic stations located in Ardabil, Urmia and Tabriz provinces were obtained from the Meteorological Organization of the whole country and the days with temperature below 0 degrees Celsius that cover 40% of the studied area in were selected and using the ward hierarchical clustering method that was applied on the average sea level pressure maps related to ice days, the classification of the free days was done. In order to determine the representative of each class using scripting in the MATLAB environment, Lund's correlation was calculated between the maps of different days of each class of 2 to 5 groups with a coefficient of 0.5; And the days that had a correlation coefficient of 0.5 and the most similarity with the majority of days of that class were introduced as the representative of the group. After determining the representative day, atmospheric data was prepared from the Nova site and maps of sea level pressure, geopotential height, wind vector, temperature of 500 hPa and atmospheric thickness were drawn in Gurdes software. The results of the 4 patterns for ice days showed that the most effective systems on the northwest of Iran were high pressure systems in Siberia, low pressure systems near the Arctic and high pressure systems in Northern Europe, and the studied areas were located in the front of Faraz and the negative circulation of air brought stable conditions. In most of these patterns, the western winds that have moved in the polar ice channel have brought cold air from the northern latitudes into the atmosphere of the study areas and caused low air temperatures. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
127 - Evaluation of Ecological Potential and Suitability of Central Zagros Land by the Geographic Information System and the Land Ecological Model
Hooman Bahmanpour Ali Bali Tayebeh ValianEvaluation of ecological potential is known as the pioneer of land use. The central Zagros region needs to develop an environmental management plan with a comprehensive and practical approach due to its much environmental sensitivity and numerous threats to biodiversity MoreEvaluation of ecological potential is known as the pioneer of land use. The central Zagros region needs to develop an environmental management plan with a comprehensive and practical approach due to its much environmental sensitivity and numerous threats to biodiversity. Based on this, Koohrang management watershed area, as one of the pilot areas in central Zagros, has been studied and evaluated. In the first step, by examining common models in Iran and the world, a suitable model was designed to evaluate the ecological potential of the region. In the following, a consolidated model was selected and designed for the area, which has the highest degree of consistency and appropriateness with the existing natural and structural features. Finally, by using the basic data and multiple layers of information, by layering layers in the GIS environment and ArcGIS software, 9.3, synthesis and zoning were carried out. Field studies were used to reference the data and fill information gaps. The results show that most of the region is mountainous and the highest rate of erosion is medium with 38.39%. Currently, the use of pasture has the largest share among other uses with about 68%. On the other hand, the most priority use in the study area is dedicated to various aspects of protection and grazing with 53 and 25%, respectively, and development has the lowest share with 0.05%. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
128 - امکان سنجی کوهپیمایی تفریحی- ورزشی در جهت توسعه گردشگری طبیعت محور استان اصفهان
امیر گندمکار فاطمه دانشور -
Open Access Article
129 - Spatial Analysis of Ecotourism Activity of Climbing (Case Study: Oshtorankuh of Lorestan)
Mehdi Mehdi Nasab Mohammad Hossein NaserzadeOne of the strategies that has been introduced to strengthen deprived areas is expanding tourism in areas having necessary potentials to develop tourism. Climbing as one of the natural ecotourism branches is manifested in a spatial model of tourism in nature that has be MoreOne of the strategies that has been introduced to strengthen deprived areas is expanding tourism in areas having necessary potentials to develop tourism. Climbing as one of the natural ecotourism branches is manifested in a spatial model of tourism in nature that has been neglected in different ecotourism sources. Oshtorankuh is one of the unique attractions of the country in west. In this study using latitude and empirical formulas, the angle of altitude, the hour angle, azimuth sun at different times of seasons' days were calculated and then slop morphological factors, slope (the amount of radiation received in different seasons), and altitude were combined to consider the feasibility of ecotourism activity of climbing in the region by logic and social overlapping functions in order to determine suitable climbing zones in different seasons. The results indicated that without considering the direction of radiation with appropriate zone for this activity in different seasons of the year based on sunlight suitable climbing zone showed minimum (23.02) and maximum (80.88) differences Based on daily changes, the suitable tourism zones had the highest and lowest daily fluctuations in midwinter (10.31) and midsummer (5.64). Therefore the best time for climbing in this region was in midsummer. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
130 - Stone and Mountain in Mythology and in Nizami's "Khosro and Shirin"
Masoumeh Mahloujizadeh Mahabadi Hamid Reza Shayganfar Mehrangiz OwhadiIn Persian literature, the old rock is a symbol of impenetrability and hardness, and the mountain is a symbol of stability and endurance. The multifaceted nature of stone in culture and literature has both positive and negative aspects. It is also a factor of fertility MoreIn Persian literature, the old rock is a symbol of impenetrability and hardness, and the mountain is a symbol of stability and endurance. The multifaceted nature of stone in culture and literature has both positive and negative aspects. It is also a factor of fertility and destruction. This research aims to investigate the archetype of stone and mountain in mythology and in Nizami's "Khosro and Shirin" in an analytical-descriptive way and how the word "stone" is used. In this regard, examples are presented by examining the mythological roots of "Khosro and Shirin" Nizami. The main tool for collecting information is to get files from library sources. In this research, it was found that the words "stone" and "mountain" are frequently used in military works, especially "Khosro and Shirin". In many places in this story, the word "stone" is used in several key ways, both in the construction of literary arrays and in different parts of the story. Shabdiz's mysterious birth, sweet life in a stone building with the intrigue of Khosrow's palace women, Farhad's stonework to create a milky stream and bring him the desired drink, and digging a mountain for sweet love are among the things. Highlights of this story, which has a mythological aspect. Examining the presence of the main characters of this story is not complete without considering the rock and the mountain. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
131 - نقش تغذیه گیاه مادری با کودهای شیمیایی و زیستی بر ویژگیهای جوانهزنی بذر پونهسای خوشهای (Nepeta racemosa)
محمد نبی ایلکایی علی صارمی راد بهلول عباس زاده هادی صالحی -
Open Access Article
132 - تعیین ضرایب قابلیت حیات بذر چاودار کوهی (Secale montanum guss) در شرایط دمایی و رطوبتی متفاوت
امید انصاری فرزاد شریف زاده سیدعلی طباطبایی علی مرادی -
Open Access Article
133 - The Assessment of Tectonic Movements on Northeastern Slopes of Karkas Mountains By The Use of Geomorphic Indexes
masomeh Rajabi somayyeh khosraviThe Northeastern slope of Karkas Mountain is regarded as part of the Karkas mountain range which is located in south west of Natanz County and has spread along northwest-southeast directions. The study area has been placed in volcanic stretch of Urmia-Dokhtar (Tabriz-Ba MoreThe Northeastern slope of Karkas Mountain is regarded as part of the Karkas mountain range which is located in south west of Natanz County and has spread along northwest-southeast directions. The study area has been placed in volcanic stretch of Urmia-Dokhtar (Tabriz-Bazman) area. Shrew and Schtoklin (quoted in Paroohan, 2001), have announced this area to be a broken and active axis with regards to volcanism (during upper Cretaceous-Eocene) and plutonic (Oligocene and Miocene).The main fault of the area is part of Qom-Zafreh fault being started from south west of Natanz and continues toward Zafreh. It is a right-lateral strike-out fault which has dug out quaternary alluviums in the northern Natanz.The displacement of water courses is usually right-oriented and the youngest fault is seen due to this mechanism in young alluvial fans of south west heights of Kashan.For the recognition of tectonic activities in the area under study we have used various geomorphologic indexes such as the mountain front congregation, length gradient of the river, the ration of valley bottom to its height and the morphometry of alluvial fans.Results obtained indicate that Northwestern slopes of the Karkas Mountains are still tectonically active. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
134 - The zoning of slop instabilities on the mountain roads by Artificial Neural Network (MLP)(case study: dare diz strait)
Shahram Roostaei Fatemeh khodaeiDre Diz straitis one of the most risky straits of east Azarbayjian province from occurrence of slop instabilities. Given، the coincidence of thisstrait on the only connection pass between MARAND_JOLFA towns، the best way to care and keeping the security of the road، is MoreDre Diz straitis one of the most risky straits of east Azarbayjian province from occurrence of slop instabilities. Given، the coincidence of thisstrait on the only connection pass between MARAND_JOLFA towns، the best way to care and keeping the security of the road، is identification of risky areas or zoning the risk of slop instability in this strait. For this ، the main data was collected then the needful layers were provided on the GIS software environment ،later the zoning map of slop instability for zoning slop instability risk obtained in IDRISI software and on the ANN method (MLP) with 1-10-15 instruction provided ،and the apt areas for occurrence of slop instability have been introduced in five different risk class :highest، high، medium، low ،very low.And according to the result slop and distance of faulthave the greater role on the happining of slop instabilities on the strait and therefor on the Insecurityof the road. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
135 - واکاوی تاثیر سامانه کم فشار سودانی بر بارش های رگباری ناحیه کوه پایهای داخلی ایران
محسن فنودی کمال امیدوار احمد مزیدی -
Open Access Article
136 - تحلیل مورفومتری تاقدیسهای باباکوهی و کفترک و ارتباط آن با تکتونیکهای فعال
فاطمه پرهیزکار اسدالله حجازی لیلا خدایی قشلاقمطالعات مورفوتکتونیکی شامل بررسی لندفرمها و پدیدههای سطحی به عنوان کلیدی جهت مشخص کردن وجود فعالیت تکتونیکی است. همچنین با این نوع مطالعه، میتوان نواحی نسبتاً با ثبات و فعال تکتونیکی را مشخص کرد. اندازهگیریهای کمی لندفرمها این امکان را به ژئومورفولوژیستها میدهد، Moreمطالعات مورفوتکتونیکی شامل بررسی لندفرمها و پدیدههای سطحی به عنوان کلیدی جهت مشخص کردن وجود فعالیت تکتونیکی است. همچنین با این نوع مطالعه، میتوان نواحی نسبتاً با ثبات و فعال تکتونیکی را مشخص کرد. اندازهگیریهای کمی لندفرمها این امکان را به ژئومورفولوژیستها میدهد، تا با اندازهگیری شاخصهای ژئومورفولوژی در لندفرمهای مختلف، نقش تکتونیکهای فعال را در تغییر شکل چشماندازها بررسی کنند. منطقهی مورد مطالعه در این تحقیق، تاقدیسهای باباکوهی و کفترک در شمال شهر شیراز است. هدف این تحقیق، ارزیابی مورفومتری تاقدیسهای باباکوهی و کفترک و ارتباط آن با تکتونیکهای فعال یا غیرفعال منطقه است. جهت دستیابی به هدف فوق، دادههای مورد نیاز از نقشههای توپوگرافی 50000/1 و زمین شناسی 100000/1 و تصاویر ماهوارهای لندست استخراج شد. نقشه سطوح ارتفاعی و شیب و تکتونیک تاقدیسها تهیه شد. شبکه زهکشی به طور دقیق ترسیم شد. درجه بندی آبراههها به روش استراهلر انجام شد. همچنین مطالعات میدانی از اشکال و فرآیندهای ژئومورفیک انجام شد. دادههای مورد نیاز برای محاسبهی شاخصهای ژئومورفولوژیک تقارن چین، سینوسیته جبهه کوهستان، خطالرأس تاقدیس، نسبت جهت، نسبت انشعاب، تراکم زهکشی، فرکانس رودخانه، بافت زهکشی، نسبت بافت و الگوی زهکشی بعد از ورود به محیط نرم افزار GIS محاسبه و به دست آمد. نتایج به دست آمده در این تحقیق بیانگر فعالیت تکتونیکی ، و فعالیتهای رو به رشد تاقدیس بابا کوهی است. همچنین نشان دهندهی جوان بودن تاقدیس بابا کوهی و فعالیت تکتونیکی متوسط تا بالا است هر چند پلانژ جنوبشرقی این تاقدیس در اثر گسلخوردگی و فرسایش شدید از بین رفته است. گسلهای فعال بمو و سبزپوشان موجب تغییرات روند تاقدیس باباکوهی و ایجاد گسلهای عرضی شده است. در بخش شمالی تاقدیس کفترک گسل فعال سعدی و همچنین گسلهایی با امتدادهای متفاوت مشاهده شدند اما بر اساس نتایج محاسبه شاخصها در تاقدیس کفترک تکتونیک کمتر از تاقدیس باباکوهی دخالت کرده و نتایج، فعالیت کم تا متوسط تکونیکی را نشان میدهند. و به طور کلی هر دو بخش از نظر تکتونیکی تقریباً فعال بوده و احتمال مخاطره در این بخشها وجود دارد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
137 - Determining rangeland suitability model for sheep grazing using GIS (case study: Baqeran watershed)
Einollah Rouhi Moghaddam حلیمه جلورو هادی معماریانAbstract Rangeland ecosystems are considered as one of the most complex ecosystems and there is the close relationships between its components. This implies that rangeland resources in every area be evaluated properly for each kind of utilizations and also land suitabil MoreAbstract Rangeland ecosystems are considered as one of the most complex ecosystems and there is the close relationships between its components. This implies that rangeland resources in every area be evaluated properly for each kind of utilizations and also land suitability is specified for each land use. The aim of this study was determining ranges suitability for sheep grazing in Baqeran watershed, South Khorasan, that has been performed using FAO method in GIS. In this study three factors including forage production, water resources and sensitivity to erosion were considered among physical and vegetation factors which have been provided as three sub-models. The final model of range suitability show that high slope and distance from water resources are the most important factors to decrease land suitability for this land use. It was also observed the 32.63 % of rangelands were grouped at S2 class (medium), 21.13 % were grouped at S3 class (low- suitability) and 18.06 % at N class (non – suitable). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
138 - The role of physical factors on the development of geomorphologic city using AHP and GIS (Case Study: Firuzkuh)
Mohammad Reza Zandmoghadamphysical Establishment and development of cities is primarily a function of their geographic and environmental conditions. Urban adjacent spaces have a determinant role in how to develop urbans in relation to various natural environment including the shape of ripples an Morephysical Establishment and development of cities is primarily a function of their geographic and environmental conditions. Urban adjacent spaces have a determinant role in how to develop urbans in relation to various natural environment including the shape of ripples and neighboring with natural effects such as mountains, plains, rivers, flats and Sea coasts and governing climatic conditions. So that cities are formed following the natural conditions and while communicating with each other, continue to grow and develop. This research aims to assess the Geomorphologic factors in physical development of Firouzkooh using AHP. This is an applied research in term of purpose and descriptive-survey and cross-sectional in terms of methodology. The population includes the Firouzkooh city during which information about Geomorphologic factors are collected by referring to the concerned authorities. The required information was collected and analyzed by Expert Choice. The findings indicated that two research hypotheses are confirmed by calculating and determining the heights of indices effecting on physical development and mapping GIS. AHP algorithm analysis and GIS Spatial analysis confirmed tow hypotheses about geomorphology phenomena are effective on physical development and locating of Firouzkouh city. land use map of Firouzkooh showed that a great part of the city has lands with average Geomorphologic and Constructional land that provides the conditions for developing urban and rural residents. But generally this mountainous city encounter to various limiting geomorphologic conditions. Finally, according to research findings, practical recommendations are provided. The required information was collected and analyzed by Expert Choice. The findings indicated that two research hypotheses are confirmed by calculating and determining the heights of indices effecting on physical development and mapping GIS. AHP algorithm analysis and GIS Spatial analysis confirmed tow hypotheses about geomorphology phenomena are effective on physical development and locating of Firouzkouh city. land use map of Firouzkooh showed that a great part of the city has lands with average Geomorphologic and Constructional land that provides the conditions for developing urban and rural residents. But generally this mountainous city encounter to various limiting geomorphologic conditions. Finally, according to research findings, practical recommendations are provided Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
139 - The effect of Canopy Cover, slope and direction of domain on continuing regeneration in zagross forest (case study: blooran. Koohdasht, lorestan)
koorosh nazarpoor fard mehdi zarooni vahid etemad manoochehr namiranianThe aim was to find out the relationships between three classes of regeneration(lower 0.5 m, 0.5 – 1.5m, and higher 1.5 m) with canopy cover percentage ( four classes: 1-5%, 5.1 – 12%, 12.1 – 25% and 25%<), slope (three classes: 0 – 30%, 30 &n MoreThe aim was to find out the relationships between three classes of regeneration(lower 0.5 m, 0.5 – 1.5m, and higher 1.5 m) with canopy cover percentage ( four classes: 1-5%, 5.1 – 12%, 12.1 – 25% and 25%<), slope (three classes: 0 – 30%, 30 – 60% and 60%<), and aspect (( four classes: N, S, E and W). In order to investigate the natural regeneration in the Zagros forests, a forest area of 200 ha located in Blouran region, West part of Kuhdasht city, was selected. A number of 90 sample plot with an area of 1000 m2 (network dimensions of 20×50 m) were sampled. Result showed that high forest regeneration was scarce relative to those of coppice. Q. Branti had maximum number of regeneration. The maximum number of regeneration was less than 0.5 m in height. Maximum number of regeneration was observed in the canopy cover of 12.1 – 25% class (65.13). The slope class of 30 – 60 percent showed the maximum number of regeneration in all height classes (73.59). Maximum regeneration in the South aspect, and this was the maximum number of.It is noteworthy to consider the natural regeneration of the Zagros forest with reference to seed development to regeneration as well as regeneration establishment in several physiography, climate and edaphic conditions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
140 - Determining rangeland suitability model for sheep grazing using GIS (case study: Baqeran watershed)
halime joloroo عین اله rouhi moghaddam Hadi memarianAbstract Rangeland ecosystems are considered as one of the most complex ecosystems and there are the close relationships between its components. This implies that rangeland resources in every area, be evaluated properly for each kind of utilizations and also land MoreAbstract Rangeland ecosystems are considered as one of the most complex ecosystems and there are the close relationships between its components. This implies that rangeland resources in every area, be evaluated properly for each kind of utilizations and also land suitability is specified for each land use. The aim of this study was determining ranges suitability for sheep grazing in Baqeran watershed, South Khorasan that has been performed using the FAO method in GIS. In this study three factors, including forage production, water resources and sensitivity to erosion were considered among physical and vegetation factors which have been provided as three sub-models. The final model of range suitability shows that high slope and distance from water resources are the most important factors to decrease land suitability for this land use. It was also observed the 32.63 % of rangelands were grouped in the S2 class (medium), 21.13 % were grouped at S3 class (low- suitability) and 18.06 % of N class (non – suitable). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
141 - The study of morphological characteristics, antioxidant and essential oil contents of the medicinal plant Stachys lavandulifolia Vahl. in habitats of Semnan, Razavi,and North Khorasan provinces
Sedighe Chorli Sara Khorasaninejad Khodayar Hemmati Bahare KashefiStachys lavandulifolia is one of the medicinal plants from genus of Stachys and Labiatae with different medicinal properties that is widely found in Iran. This research was based on a completely randomized design with three replications to investigate the morphological MoreStachys lavandulifolia is one of the medicinal plants from genus of Stachys and Labiatae with different medicinal properties that is widely found in Iran. This research was based on a completely randomized design with three replications to investigate the morphological characteristics and phytochemical properties in four habitats in Semnan, Razavi and North Khorasan provinces in 2014. Morphological characteristics such as plant height, wet and dry root and shoot weights, root length, number of total flowers, number of open flowers and leaf, leaf area, and chlorophyll content were measured at the time of flowering. Also, essential oil yield and percentage, total phenols, total flavonoids, and antioxidant activity were measured in flowering time. Morphological characteristics did not show any significant difference but essential oil yield and percentage showed a significant difference in different habits. The highes total phenol and antioxidant content were recorded for Shahrud and Mashhad, respectively. The amount of total phenol and flavonoid were determined in the leaves and the highest amount of antioxidant was recorded in flowers. Finally, the highest level of essential oil yield and percentage were recorded for Mashhad and decrease in the altitude and rainfall could be attributed increase in essential oil in Stachys lavandulifolia. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
142 - تاثیر عوامل توپوگرافی (شکل زمین) و اقلیمی بر تراکم و تاج پوشش گونة کرفس کوهی (Kelussia ) در منطقة کهگیلویه odoratissima Mozaff
اسفندیار جهانتاب عادل سپهری منصور مصداقی حسین بارانی -
Open Access Article
143 - Ethnobotany and chemical compositions of essential oil from different parts of Tanacetum parthenium L. in Deraznoo mountain in south west of Golestan province
م Mazandarani Gh Naseri mb Rezaee s.m Kassaei This survey was undertaken in Golestan province in order to inventory of Tanacetum parthenium L. in traditional medicine for treatment of headache, cold, fever, menstrual, arthritis, anti infection and rheumatic pain. Flowers and leaves were collected in August More This survey was undertaken in Golestan province in order to inventory of Tanacetum parthenium L. in traditional medicine for treatment of headache, cold, fever, menstrual, arthritis, anti infection and rheumatic pain. Flowers and leaves were collected in August 2006 from Deraznoo Mountain in south west of Golestan province and were water distilled to produce the oils in the yields of 0.66% (v/w) in flowers and 0.12 % (v/w) in leaves, respectively. The oils were analyzed by GC and GC/MS. In two regions, the major components in flower essential oil were camphor, alpha- pinene and alpha- bissabolol oxid-B, but camphor, alpha-pinene and piperiton were the major components in leaves of this plant. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
144 - معرفی و بررسی شکل زیستی، خواص و قسمتهای مورد استفاده فلور دارویی کفه ابرکوه یزد
سیدمصطفی گلدانساز مهدی سلطانی گردفرامرزی محمد باقر رضایی محمدعلی زارع چاهوکی -
Open Access Article
145 - Vegetation of the Sefid-Kuh Protected Area, W. Iran
عصری Asri م Ghorbanli م MehrniaSefid-Kuh Protected Area is situated in the west of Iran. The Area is one of the unknown ecosystems of Zagros mountain system. The vegetation of part of the Area was studied by Braun-Blanquet method. Phytosociological data analyzed with Factorial Correspondence Analysis MoreSefid-Kuh Protected Area is situated in the west of Iran. The Area is one of the unknown ecosystems of Zagros mountain system. The vegetation of part of the Area was studied by Braun-Blanquet method. Phytosociological data analyzed with Factorial Correspondence Analysis (FCA) and the Hierarchical Ascendant Classification (HAC) methods by means of Anaphyto software. 18 associations and 6 subassociations were distinguished in the Area. These steppe-forest communities belong to Quercetea persicae and Quercetalia persica. The zonation of vegetation is mainly affected by topographic and edaphic factors. Altitude, slope, exposure, percent of gravel and moisture, texture and depth of the soil are the important factors to establishment of associations in the different elevation zones. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
146 - بررسی مواد موثره اسانس در سرشاخههای گلدار و عملکرد آنتی اکسیدانی گیاه دارویی پونه Mentha longifolia (L.) Huds.در شرایط طبیعی و زراعی در دو مرحله رویشی و زایشی
آرزو مستعد آرین ساطعی معصومه مازندرانی -
Open Access Article
147 - مطالعه تاثیر جهتهای مختلف شیب بر میزان تولید کتیرا در Astragalus hypsogeton Bunge. در خراسان شمالی
ابراهیم محمودی رمضان استیری -
Open Access Article
148 - Evaluation and comparison of oil content and fatty acid profiles of different populations of Rosa canina L. in different habitats of Azerbaijan, North-West Iran,
Fatemeh Nejadhabibvash Arsalan Pirvash Saeedeh KhamoushiThe fruit of Rosa canina L. contains valuable substances such as fatty acids. In this study, in order to determine the amount of oil and fatty acid profiles of Rosa canina in different habitats of Iran and to know the diversity of these compounds, the fruits at full rip MoreThe fruit of Rosa canina L. contains valuable substances such as fatty acids. In this study, in order to determine the amount of oil and fatty acid profiles of Rosa canina in different habitats of Iran and to know the diversity of these compounds, the fruits at full ripening stage were collected from 5 habitats with different climatic conditions, including Urmia, Chaldran, Bukan, Shahindeg and Zanjan with a height of 1500, 2000, 1370, 1406 and 1638 m above sea level, respectively, on 21 September in 2017. The oil was extracted from the seeds with Soxhlet apparatus and fatty acids were analyzed by gas chromatography (GC). The results were showed that different habitats had a significant impact on the oil content and fatty acids profiles. The highest and lowest percentages of oil were obtained from Shahindeg (20.57 %) and Chaldran (12.37 %) habitats, respectively. The predominant fatty acids in seed oil of Chaldran habitat were palmitic acid (49.53 %), linoleic acid (46.71 %), cis-9-oleic acid (28.81 %) and cis-11- eicosanoic acid (17.88 %), meanwhile in the Urmia habitat; they were linoleic acid (42.96 %), cis-9-oleic acid (30.33 %), cis-11-eicosanoic acid (15.34 %) and palmitic acid (5.92 %). In the Zanjan habitat, the major of fatty acids were including linoleic acid (46.30 %), cis-9-oleic acid (28.42 %), cis-11-eicosanoic acid (16.71 %) and palmitic acid (4.54 %). In the Bukan habitat, the predominant fatty acids were linoleic acid (45.31 %), cis-9-oleic acid (27.70 %), cis-11- eicosanoic acid (17.70 %) and palmitic acid (5.33 %), while in the Shahindeg habitat; they were linoleic acid (52.61%), cis-9 oleic acid (28.62 %) and cis-11-eicosanoic acid (18.70 %). The Urmia and Bukan habitats had the highest amount of saturated fatty acids, while the seeds of Shahindeg habitat were rich in unsaturated fatty acids. In general, the results of this study proved the effect of ecological conditions on the quantity and quality of fatty acids and the percentage of oil in seed of Rosa canina L. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
149 - The comparision of morphological and phytochemical evaluation in some population of Stachys lavandulifolia Vahl. in different provinces under field conditions
Maryam Keshavarzi Mohammad Bagher Rezaei, syed Mehdi MiriIn this study due to evaluate the morphological and phytochemical diversity of Stachys lavandulifolia Vahl. essential oils, the seeds of six populations of plant from Azerbaijan Province (Damraji and Gereh Zagh), Alborz (Gachsar), Qazvin (Alamut), Isfahan (Tangeh Saiad) MoreIn this study due to evaluate the morphological and phytochemical diversity of Stachys lavandulifolia Vahl. essential oils, the seeds of six populations of plant from Azerbaijan Province (Damraji and Gereh Zagh), Alborz (Gachsar), Qazvin (Alamut), Isfahan (Tangeh Saiad) and Lorestan (Nour Abad Delfan) were obtained from gene banks of Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands (Tehran), so after that the aerial parts of plants were collected before flowering in July 2013, which were cultivated from the research farm of Alborz province. The essential oils were obtained by hydro distillation method and were analyzed by GC and GC/MS. The results of variance analysis were showed significant differences in plant height, crown diameter, stem diameter, leaf length and width, number of leaves per plant and dry weight, respectively. The highest plant height (103.9 mm), stem diameter (3.6 mm) and number of leaves per plant (19) were showed in Alborz population (Gachsar) and the populations were classified in to two groups. Three components explain 89.6% of variation of all data and some traits such as stem diameter, leaf number and fresh and dry weight were attributed to first component. The lowest (0.015%) and the highest (0.049%) yields belonged to the Alamut and Gereh Zagh population, respectively. The composition of γ-terpinene, β-pinene, α-Pinene, germacrene-D and bicycle -germacrene were dominant in all essential oils of plant in different regions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
150 - Aut ecology and phytochemical survey of Ziziphora clinopodioides Lam. with ethnopharmacology and floristic spectrum of medicinal plants in Bovanlou region (Northern Khorasan province)
aazam ghaviandam bovanlo masoumeh MazandaraniThis study was in order to investigation of morphological, ecological requirement, phenology, ethnopharmacological information and phytochemical of Ziziphora clinopodioides Lam. in northern Khorasan province (Bovanlou -1728 m), randomly. In many field observation, the i MoreThis study was in order to investigation of morphological, ecological requirement, phenology, ethnopharmacological information and phytochemical of Ziziphora clinopodioides Lam. in northern Khorasan province (Bovanlou -1728 m), randomly. In many field observation, the important ecological , phonological parameters and the ethnopharmacological data were recorded . The aerial parts of plant in blooming were collected in July, 2013 and dried. The hydro alcoholic extract was obtained by maceration method. The amounts of total phenols and flavonoids were determined in three replicates by using the Folin–Ciocalteu and aluminum chloride colorimetric methods, respectively. The result were showed that the plant vegetative growth occurs in May, followed by flowering in the late June till the end of December. The seeds ripening is achieved during the late November. Based on a floristic study, 30 plant species from 29 genera were identified belonging to 17 families. The richest families were Asteraceae with 6 species (20%) and Lamiaceae with 4 species (13%), respectively. The highest proportion of life forms belonged to therophytes (43%) and geophytes (27%), respectively. Likewise, the highest proportion of chorotypes belonged mediterranean elements (40%), followed by to Irano-Touranian elements (36%). The ethnopharmacological survey were showed that it has been used traditionally as antiseptic and stimulating to treat of gastric ailments, fever few, common cold and digestive discomfort. According to results, TF and TP content of plant were 21.2 ± 0.19 mg QUE g-1 DW and 91 ± 0.06 mg GAE g-1 DW respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
151 - Comparative evaluation of phenolic and Flavonoids compounds, antioxidant and antibacterial activity of methanol extract of Artemisia annua L, Thymus vulgaris L, Matricaria chamomilla L, Salvia officinalis L. and Pistacia atlantica var mutica
Auob mazaraie leila fahmidehThis study was investigated the relationship between the number of phenols, flavonoids, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties of extracts of some medicinal plants. Aerial parts of plants in blooming of Artemisia annua (from Saravan City), Thymus vulgaris (from the M MoreThis study was investigated the relationship between the number of phenols, flavonoids, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties of extracts of some medicinal plants. Aerial parts of plants in blooming of Artemisia annua (from Saravan City), Thymus vulgaris (from the Medicinal plants farm of Zabol University), Matricaria chamomill (from Farashband City), Salvia officinalis (from the Medicinal plants farm of Zabol University) and Fruit of Pistacia atlantica (from Saravan City) were collected from farms and habitats of Sistan and Baloochestan and Fars province in 2016. The plant extracts were obtained by maceration method, phenolic and flavonoid contents were determined by Folin-Ciocaltiu and Aluminum Chloride colorimetric, antioxidant activities were studied by method DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) and then antimicrobial activities were estimated by Disk-Diffusion method against two bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The plant extract of Artemisia annua and Thymus vulgaris respectively had maximum total phenolic (22.36 mg/g DW) and flavonoid contents(142.59 mg/g DW) and antioxidant activity, (72.01 µg/ml and 70.75 µg/ml) and antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli respectively with inhibition zone (15.1 and 16.8 mm ) was the most sensitive bacteria to plant extracts. Generally, the methanolic extract of the plants demonstrated different levels of antioxidant activity; in addition, the best antioxidant activity was related to Artemisia. Hence, it can be argued that these extracts of herb, instead of chemical drugs, can be used to treat infections. Furthermore, before using them all their side effects should be carefully investigated in in vitro accompanied by in vivo studies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
152 - The evaluation of artemisinin production in experimental plant culture and callus ofArtemisia aucheri Boiss. against light stimulus and UV radation (in vitro)
Zohreh Bakhtiari Gholamreza Asghari Shokofeh Enteshari Negin Mehdenezhad Mohammad Ali ShariatieArtemisinin is an important medicine for Malaria which has very difficult and expensive chemical synthesis process. Artemisia aucheri Boiss. is very abundant in Iran which has inactive artemisinin biosynthesis genes. The purpose of the current study is to activate MoreArtemisinin is an important medicine for Malaria which has very difficult and expensive chemical synthesis process. Artemisia aucheri Boiss. is very abundant in Iran which has inactive artemisinin biosynthesis genes. The purpose of the current study is to activate artemisinin biosynthesis genes using various light stimulus. Murashing and Skoog (MS) solid medium was used for tissue culture without plant growth regulators. Plants seedling and callus were placed under sterile condition at 25±ºC and exposed to different light treatment and UV irradiation. The control group was located under light condition similar to the sunlight. Plant callus was subculture per 3 weeks for 5 months. The thin layer chromatography (TLC) was used to determine of artemisinin in the dichloromethanolic extracts of plant or callus. The results were showed that the artemisinin produced in the 3000 lux treated seedling and callus that were exposed to UV-B 340nm irradiation. The production of artemisinin in Artemisia aucheri Boiss.is reported based on the qualitative evaluations (TLC). Conducting a bigger number and more accurate experiments are necessary in this field regarding quantitative measurements. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
153 - Diversity and Heritability of Morphophysiological Traits and Essential Oil of Oliveria decumbens Vent.in Iran.
Seyed Mohammad Hosein Ale Omrani Nejad Hassanali Naghdi Badi Ali Mehrafarin Vahid abdousi Farahnaz Khalighi SigaroodiIn order to investigate the diversity of 25 populations, an experiment was conducted using 18 morphophysiological characteristics and percentage of essential oil.Samples were collected at their full flowering phase and morphophysiological characteristics were recorded.T MoreIn order to investigate the diversity of 25 populations, an experiment was conducted using 18 morphophysiological characteristics and percentage of essential oil.Samples were collected at their full flowering phase and morphophysiological characteristics were recorded.The results showed a variation among populations. By calculating genetic and environmental variances, changes in most traits including: stem leaf length, stem leaf width and stem leaf width/length, umbellule diameter, umbellule 100 dry weight/ umbellule 100 wet weight and a chlorophyll/b chlorophyll were determined by genetic factors. The general heritability showed the percentage of essential oil, umbellule number in plant and umbellule 100 dry weight were 0.91, 0.51 and 0.77, respectively. Study of correlation between characteristics and stepwise regression exhibited the greatest impact of the flower texture on essential oil production and umbellule 100 dry weight. Based on the factor analysis results, the three main factors justified 78.6% of the total variation among the characteristics. The biomass of the plant was the first factor followed by percentage of essential oil and flower weight as the second and third factors, respectively. Based on the cluster analysis results, the populations can be divided into 5 groups; in which third and fifth groups, with the highest average percentage of essential oil and maximum Umbellule 100 dry weight and Umbellule numbers in a plant, exhibited a great potential for cultivation. Moreover, the populations in cluster 1 and 4 alternatively have the greatest genetic distance from each other which can be exploited in cross over and production of synthetic seeds. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
154 - The study of essential oil composition and antioxidant activity of Oliveria decumbens collected from different regions of Khuzestan province.
Seyed Mohammad Hosein Ale Omrani Nejad Ali Rezvani AghdamAromatic herbs are considered the most valuable antioxidant source in nature. In this research, 3 different ecotypes of Oliveria decumbens Vent plant were collected from three important regions in Khuzestan province, including Behbahan, Shushtar and Masjed Soleyman in f MoreAromatic herbs are considered the most valuable antioxidant source in nature. In this research, 3 different ecotypes of Oliveria decumbens Vent plant were collected from three important regions in Khuzestan province, including Behbahan, Shushtar and Masjed Soleyman in flowering stage. Essential oil was extracted by Clevenger aparatus; and identified essential oil component by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry(GC -Mass). The antioxidant activities were specified using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. The highest Thymol (29.67) and Carvacrol (27.88%), the dominant compositions in essential oil, were detected in Behbahan region. The percentage of degradation of DPPH free radicals in different concentrations of essential oil including 50, 100, 200, 300, and 400 μl were calculated to determine the antioxidant activity of the essential oil. The IC50 values were calculated 34.21, 26.85 and 21.23 respectively for harvested plants from Shushtar, Masjed Soleyman and Behbahan regions. Finally, Behbahan ecotype with the highest antiradical properties can be considered as a new natural source of antioxidant supply. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
155 - The investigationof Climate, Soil and Height On essential oil composition of essential oils of Oliveria decumbens Vent. Medicinal Plantfrom different regions in City Mamasani of Fars Province
Damoun Razmjoue Shahram Yousefi khanghah Somaye Dehdari Hamid Mohamadi Fariba NodoostOliveria decumbens Vent is a medicinal plant belongs to the Umbelliferae family. According to the Iran traditional medicine comments this plant is used for the treat of indigestion, diarrhea, relieve fever and infectious diseases. In this research, effects of climate fa MoreOliveria decumbens Vent is a medicinal plant belongs to the Umbelliferae family. According to the Iran traditional medicine comments this plant is used for the treat of indigestion, diarrhea, relieve fever and infectious diseases. In this research, effects of climate factors, soil and the elevation above sea level were tested on the chemical compounds of O. decumbens. To this, the flowering branches of O. decumbens were taken from 1600-2200 a.s.l. in the Mamassani County in May and air dried. The Clevenger apparatus extraction was used to extract the essence. The chemical compounds were identified using GC and GC/MS and the effect of studied parameters on chemical components were determined. Our result indicated that, there are 13, 16 and 11 chemical compounds in Doshman Ziari, Bavan and Koupen sites, respectively. p-cymene γ-terpinene، thymol and myristicin identified as the main compounds of studied sites. There was significant correlation between the annual precipitation and e elevation above sea level with the essence percentage and chemical compounds of O. decumbens . Furthermore, soil electrical conductivity, acidity and nitrogen had positive significant correlation (p < 0.05) with the percentage of essential oil. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
156 - Phytochemical investigation of essential Ziziphora clinopodioides Lam. In the natural habitats of Alborz and Mazandaran provinces
مینا ربیعی مریم فیروزی اردستانی یونس عصری غلامرضا بخشی خانیکی -
Open Access Article
157 - Investigation of the effect of packaging film, temperature and storage time on biochemical characteristics of Rosmarinus officinalis L.
Feryal Varasteh Azim Ghasemnejad Sahar ZamaniEffects of packaging film, temperature, and storage time on the biochemical properties of dried leaves of Rosmarinus officinalis L. were investigated in a factorial experiment based on a completely randomized design at Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natu MoreEffects of packaging film, temperature, and storage time on the biochemical properties of dried leaves of Rosmarinus officinalis L. were investigated in a factorial experiment based on a completely randomized design at Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources during 2017-2018. Plant samples were collected and shade-dried from the newly grown branches of eight-year-old plants in June. Then, the samples were packed in packaging films including control (without coating), polyamide 80, 90, and 120 µ, polyethylene 90 µ and common plastic, before they were stored at 4 ℃ and 25 ℃ for one year. The biochemical compounds of the plant were measured every three-months. Chlorophylls and carotenoids were measured using dimethyl sulfoxide method. Phenols, flavonoids, and antioxidant activity were assayed by Folin-Ciocalteu, aluminum-chloride, and DPPH method. Findings showed that chlorophylls and carotenoids decreased over time; however, 4 ℃ preserved the pigments better than 25 ℃. The highest phenol content (4.5 mg/g) was observed in common plastic after 6 months, and the highest flavonoids (2.87 mg/g) was observed in polyamide 90 µ and polyethylene 90 µ stored for 3 months at 4 ℃. Total phenols and flavonoids in treatments were 1.78 and 3 times higher than the samples without coating stored for 12 months at 25 ℃. The highest antioxidant activity was observed in all packages at the beginning of the experiment, and the antioxidant activity decreased by 30.8% after 12 months storage at 25 ℃ without coating. According to the findings of the study, in order to preserve the quality of dried rosemary leaves, they are recommended to be stored in polyamide 90 and 120 µ and polyethylene 90 µ at 4 ℃ for 3 months, because in these treatments, in addition to the increase in total phenols and flavonoids (1.2-1.3 times compared to the beginning of the experiment), the content of total chlorophylls, carotenoids, and antioxidant activity did not increase highly. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
158 - تاثیر برخی فاکتورهای محیطی بر کمیت و کیفیت اسانس گیاه Stachys lavandifolia vahl. در استان خراسان رضوی (چناران)
اعظم سروری قاسمعلی دیانتی تیلکی محمد باقر رضایی محمد زادبر -
Open Access Article
159 - مقایسه اثر ضد باکتریایی عصاره اتانولی برگ گیاه Mentha longifolia (L.) Hud. در رویشگاههای مختلف شمال ایران
پریسا تربتی نژاد سیده معصومه میرتقی فصیحه لیوانی هانیه باقری -
Open Access Article
160 - The Impact of Geomorphic Variables of Fluvial on Flood Hazard Of Mountain steep Towns (Case Study: Town Torghabeh, Khorasan Razavi province)
Hadi Qanbarzadeh Abolfazl Behniyafar MohammadReza Servati Mehdi Mosavi Alimohammad NoormohammadyThe geomorphic units of the fluvial system components are in a way that in many cases geomorphic processes are causing environmental hazards such as floods. In this research Torghabeh city and its basin have been studied for the hazard of a river geomorphic proces MoreThe geomorphic units of the fluvial system components are in a way that in many cases geomorphic processes are causing environmental hazards such as floods. In this research Torghabeh city and its basin have been studied for the hazard of a river geomorphic processes. Torghabeh town as a regional and international tourism attraction is 20 kilometers far from the metropolitan city of Mashhad. The output of the upstream catchment basin with regard to the geomorphic variables highly affect the flooding possibility of the city. In order to conduct the present research, a laboratory analytical method to investigate the behavior of the studied basin, the fluvial geomorphic variables and factors in the flood hazard area, including lithology, elevation, slope, land use, precipitation, vegetation, drainage density, distance from the stream, form factor, slope and soil were selected and included in the research. The layers were required to prepare, prioritize and establish the relationships between these variables and the vulnerability of the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). The Expert Choice software was used to help wit the analysis . Critical flood hazard zones are mainly rural area with densities, recreational areas and resorts, tourist and Network Access Account in Mashhad. It is important to notice that, the man-made factors such as residential and utility violated the privacy of rivers and streams, lack of engineering structures such as bridges over rivers of improper aggravating factor are the most significant variables in the flood hazard area. Leveling and terracing of slopes for construction not only disrupts the balance , but also it has increased the weight of the load of flood intensity. The damages caused by the flood of mass movements within the city limits has been exacerbated in Torghabeh. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
161 - Solid Waste Disposal Site Selection Using the Fuzzy and AHP Integrated Method (A Case Study: Kouhdasht City)
Siamak Baharvand Salman SooriWaste disposal site selection is a critical issue in the urban planning process because of its enormous impact on the economy, ecology, and the environmental health of the region. Waste disposal site selection process aims to locate the areas that will minimize hazards MoreWaste disposal site selection is a critical issue in the urban planning process because of its enormous impact on the economy, ecology, and the environmental health of the region. Waste disposal site selection process aims to locate the areas that will minimize hazards to the environment and public health. In the present study, in order to select sites for dispose of urban waste of Kouhdasht, in addition to TM and ETM+ images, the following data layers and maps have been utilized: distance from city, lithology, slope, ground water, distance from road and other important suburban areas. According to the results of use of the AHP-Fuzzy in Landfill Site, 35.06, 24.85, 36.23, 3.85 and 27.4 percent of the area are located in very unsuitable, unsuitable, moderate and suitable classes respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
162 - Performance Evaluation Health Houses of Firouzkouh City by Using Data Envelopment Analysis
N. shoja A. Gholamabri N. khaliliPerformance evaluation health houses of Firouzkouh City and consideration of their efficiency, is the main purpose of this study and it can help improving the efficiency of health houses and determining appropriate strategies and programs to advancement and develo MorePerformance evaluation health houses of Firouzkouh City and consideration of their efficiency, is the main purpose of this study and it can help improving the efficiency of health houses and determining appropriate strategies and programs to advancement and development of these goals. In this study, we have used the point of views of the experts and professors of operation article and we studied the previous investigations to evaluate the performance of health houses. So, we determined 2 important inputs and 3 outputs from March 2012 to March 2013. Then we evaluated their efficiency by CCR model and found that 5 heath houses among these 18 health houses obtained number 1 in efficiency houses . Finally we ranked the houses based on the efficiency by AP-CCR. Finding showed that Arjomand, Mozdaran, and Jeliz Jand health houses allocated to the first three points respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
163 - Explaining the presence of women in folk couplets of Savadkouh
Aref Kamarposhti Mojgam Ahmadi KamarposhtiWomen, as half of the world's population, have always been under a magnifying glass. They suffered from oppressive and unkind treatment of men or government. Such ignorance has long been endured in the myths and legends of various cultures. Depriving women from the righ MoreWomen, as half of the world's population, have always been under a magnifying glass. They suffered from oppressive and unkind treatment of men or government. Such ignorance has long been endured in the myths and legends of various cultures. Depriving women from the right to live a normal life with dignity; women were sometimes condemned to prison or commuted to exile. Sometimes they were subjected to a series of rigorous tests to prove their being. Folk couplet is the most famous and widely readable form of poetry in folk literature which can be easily communicated by the audiences who speak the same language, i.e. Persian, although their dialects are different. Regarding Pure Language without any limitation, folk couplet flourishes in exquisite literary beauties, wonderful fancies, and musical rhythms which have made it popular and prestigious. The purpose of this study was to investigate the reflection of the presence of women in 200 folk couplets of Savadkouh County using descriptive-analytical method and library-field approach. The findings showed that women's share in the folk couplet is more than that of men as they either make their own poems or are being addressed. Such presence is highlighted as a lover, beloved, and mother. Woman, as a beloved companion, has been investigated from three aspects, i.e. as a waiting beloved, thankful beloved, and as an advisor beloved. She is sometimes presented as a provoker of all kinds of vocals and sometimes as a helper to accomplish great things. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
164 - Terms and words of agriculture and horticulture in Koohshahry dialect
zeinab moridiManoujan city (from Kerman’s province counties) is located Since the farming history is as old as human history, subsistence agriculture and horticulture in the region since ancient times has been through, dut to the importance of agriculture there are MoreManoujan city (from Kerman’s province counties) is located Since the farming history is as old as human history, subsistence agriculture and horticulture in the region since ancient times has been through, dut to the importance of agriculture there are a lot of terms and words in this area. this reserch is dedicated to the explain terms and words of agriculture. The main products cultivated in this region dates, citrus, wheat and barley, which is already low boom because of drought and water less and palm trees of tropical South East today because resistance to water shortage in the area is pronounced of other trees and has its own terms and words, although this fruit of paradise also not spared from the harm of drought. This article offer a part of terminology in various fields of agriculture and horticulture including agricultural products, water and irrigation,variety of plants and trees, metods of collecting product and agricultural tools, word dnd terminology related to the palm and some of other terminology Koohshahry Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
165 - Analyzing and investigating the structure and concept of local dialects in Shibkoh area of Fasa city
Khairollah MahmoudiAnalyzing and investigating the structure and concept of local dialects in Shibkoh area of Fasa cityAbstractDialects are the treasure of the culture, identity and language of every nation and land; so keeping them alive and researching in this filed helps in keeping tha MoreAnalyzing and investigating the structure and concept of local dialects in Shibkoh area of Fasa cityAbstractDialects are the treasure of the culture, identity and language of every nation and land; so keeping them alive and researching in this filed helps in keeping that language and culture alive, and knowing the form of their emergence shows that the speakers use them with full knowledge.This research has investigated the native dialects of Shibkoh region, Fasa; the selected dialects are nouns or verbs examined in terms of structure and content, and have been adapted to the concept of today's language. It was found that most of these dialects have ancient and pre-Islamic roots; rooted in ancient languages such as Sanskrit, Pahlavi, and Avestan, and the speakers used these dialects with knowledge and understanding in their rawness. The selected dialects were tried to be words and combinations that are not widely or at all less used in other local and native areas. The main discussion of the research is on noun and verb axes.Keyword: native dialects, Shibkooh Fasa, language roots, Middle Pahlavi, local dialects Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
166 - Verb morphological structure in the Kupaee dialect
Fatemezahra Eshaghi Kupaie Mohammadreza Masoumi Ali Asmand JoneghaniKohpayeh, Vir and Qahpayeh as old names, is a city located seventy kilometers east of Isfahan and on the edge of the central desert of Iran. The geographical and natural position of Kohpayeh, based on the historical evidence is the leftover of the Sasanian era, along wi MoreKohpayeh, Vir and Qahpayeh as old names, is a city located seventy kilometers east of Isfahan and on the edge of the central desert of Iran. The geographical and natural position of Kohpayeh, based on the historical evidence is the leftover of the Sasanian era, along with the preservation of the Pahlavi language, and the speech of the people of this city, has indicated the antiquity and cultural richness of Kohpayeh. The authors of this article have investigated the verb morphological structure of this dialect with the aim to preserve and to introduce a part of the ancient Kupaee dialect. This research has been conducted in a descriptive-analytical way and the data were collected based on library sources and the field of research. The results of the research show that the verb structure in the Kupaee dialect has significant differences with the standard Persian language. In the Kupaie dialect, the construction of the present participle and the structure of future and imperative verbs do not follow any special rules. The position of the identifier in the verbs of past tense in this dialect is also not the same; means that the identifier in the simple past, past perfect, and present perfect tenses come before the root and in the rest of the verbs comes after the root. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
167 - Description of the verb construction in Kohshahry dialect (with the introduction of a different type of passive ve rb structure in this dialect)
najme dari seyed mehdi kheyr andish zeinab moridiThis article describes the verb structure in Kohshahry dialect. Kohshahry area includes several villages, which is located in the South East Manūjān city. The region has three dialects Bonaky, Tiyaby and Sargarooye that are slightly different. This article has been inve MoreThis article describes the verb structure in Kohshahry dialect. Kohshahry area includes several villages, which is located in the South East Manūjān city. The region has three dialects Bonaky, Tiyaby and Sargarooye that are slightly different. This article has been investigated verbal arguments and their location stems or verb roots participle and verbal prefixes in the field of verb construction. The study obtained results show that is in transitive arguments and transitive argument are different at this dialect. Then, inflection of pronouns in the field of structural formula is of different verb group (different verb construction the past, present, and future) of passive structure. The causal agent and the source is introduced. In this dialect verb etymology at all times and the pronouns etymology form of the verb at some times and structures may be shared. Passive structure in Kohshahry dialect is different from main language. Hence, various stages of construction and types of passive semantic structure in this dialect in a separate chapter have been and analyzed in the present article Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
168 - Analysis of the structure of rhyme and identical rhyme (prosody) in Mazandarani couplets (Savadkooh)
morteza mohseni aref kamarposhti In this paper, in addition to introducing run on couplet, the structure of rhyme and identical rhyme are analyzed in two hundred Mazandarani run on couplets using descriptive analytical method. The rhyme is made based on the proximity of the pronunciation of More In this paper, in addition to introducing run on couplet, the structure of rhyme and identical rhyme are analyzed in two hundred Mazandarani run on couplets using descriptive analytical method. The rhyme is made based on the proximity of the pronunciation of letters, rather than being based on the same type to be arranged in order of the last letter of the rhyme which appears to be principle in Persian and Arabic classical poetry. The rhyme is couched in mathnawi form in 25 percent of Mazandarani (savadkooh) run on couplets. The common denominator letters including “L” with “R” and “M” with “N” are found more frequently in rhyming the Mazandarani couplets. Slightly more than a quarter of Mazandarani (savadkooh) run on couplets have an identical rhyme scheme, and of those, just over a fifth of couplets are uttered with a verb prosody namely identical rhyme with verb endings. The frequency of identical rhyme with verb endings (about 25%), on the other hand, implies dynamism and movement to couplets as well as supervising the actions and behavior Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
169 - effect of interval hypoxia training on arterial hemoglobin saturation, hemoglobin numbers , hematocrit percentage and resting heart rate of amateur mountaineers with mountain acute sickness
alireza elmieh human khanbabakhani bahman rafizadehIntroduction: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of interval hypoxic training on arterial saturation, hemoglobin, hematocrit and resting heart rate of amateur mountaineers with acute mountain sickness.Methodology: The statistical sample of this stud MoreIntroduction: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of interval hypoxic training on arterial saturation, hemoglobin, hematocrit and resting heart rate of amateur mountaineers with acute mountain sickness.Methodology: The statistical sample of this study is 30 people from guilan amateur mountaineering (age 27.66±2.05 years, BMI 25.18±1.51 kg/m2). The subjects were divided into experimental (n=15) and control groups (n=15). The experimental group performed eight weeks of hypoxic interval training and the control group had no exercise program. In the practice of hypoxia (breathing control), the subject breathes consciously and purposefully that his body is exposed to mild and intangible oxygen deficiency. Blood sampling was performed to determine hemoglobin and hematocrit. Arterial heart rate and arterial oxygen saturation were measured with a finger pulse oximeter and acute mountain sickness was measured using the Lake Louise questionnaire. Results: Independent t-test results showed that eight weeks of interval hypoxic training at sea level showed a significant difference in arterial blood oxygen saturation (p=0.000), hemoglobin (p=0.000), hematocrit (p=0.000) and a significant decrease in resting heart rate (p=0.000) and Symptoms of amateur mountaineers’ acute mountain sickness in the experimental group compared to the control group (p<0.05).Conclusion: Interval Hypoxia Training at sea level is an effective exercise to prepare amateur mountaineers for high altitudes and to prevent acute mountain sickness Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
170 - The Assessment of Sustainable Tourism Development Capabilities of Geomorphosites Emphasizing on KOMANSCO & PAOLOVA Model (A Case Study of Sabalan to Heyran Defile)
mousa abedini Taher Hemmati Behrouz Nezafat Aylar KhayatiGeotourism is a combination of the words ‘earth’ and ‘tourism’, and it is a kind of tourism with geological, morphological, and cultural attractions. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the capabilities of some geomorphological landforms MoreGeotourism is a combination of the words ‘earth’ and ‘tourism’, and it is a kind of tourism with geological, morphological, and cultural attractions. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the capabilities of some geomorphological landforms in creating geotourist attractions of geosites using the Komanescu and Pavlova competitiveness models. Based on the results of Komanescu and Paulova models, Fandoghlu Forest Park with an average of 14.45 had the highest and Sardabe waterfall with 11.85 had the lowest score among landforms. The geomorphosites of Sabalan Lake, Neor Lake, Hiran Pass, and Alvares Ski Resort were ranked second to fifth respectively. In addition to having a scientific and aesthetic value, the high score of Fanodghlou Forest Park may be due to the presence of beautiful and unique geomorphological landforms, wildlife, and its pristine environment. The results of competitiveness analysis showed that Fandoghlu forest has more potential capabilities for tourists compared with those of the studied areas as well as other geotourism areas. The general result of the research shows the high potential of the values of the studied geosites; however, due to the lack of necessary infrastructure, the category of geotourism in these areas requires macro-planning at the regional and national levels. Finally, to attract tourists and introduce geotourist areas, it is suggested to design an online system for virtual tourism. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
171 - نقش تغذیه گیاه مادری با کودهای شیمیایی و زیستی بر ویژگیهای جوانهزنی بذر پونهسای خوشهای (Nepeta racemosa)
محمد نبی ایلکایی علی صارمی راد بهلول عباس زاده هادی صالحی -
Open Access Article
172 - تعیین ضرایب قابلیت حیات بذر چاودار کوهی (Secale montanum guss) در شرایط دمایی و رطوبتی متفاوت
امید انصاری فرزاد شریف زاده سیدعلی طباطبایی علی مرادی -
Open Access Article
173 - Assessment of MenthalongifoliaL. and Iranian Allium sativum controversum Extracts on Microbial Properties of Susages
Adeleh Madani Nasrin Choobkar -
Open Access Article
174 - Study the antimicrobial effects of the essential oils of Origanum vulgare, Mentha piperita and Carum carvi on the bacteria isolates from food stuffs
Mehrdad Ataie KachoueiThe need to replace synthetic preservatives with a natural resource has caused the food manufacturers to use from the medicinal plants as a reservoir. The present study was carried out to evaluate the antimicrobial effects of essential oils extracted from Origanum vulga MoreThe need to replace synthetic preservatives with a natural resource has caused the food manufacturers to use from the medicinal plants as a reservoir. The present study was carried out to evaluate the antimicrobial effects of essential oils extracted from Origanum vulgare, Mentha piperita and Carum carvi on the Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella typhimurium isolated from food products. After preparation of medicinal plants, essence extraction was done using the Clevenger device and antimicrobial effects of essences were evaluated on Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella typhimurium isolated from raw milk and meat. Diameter of inhibition zone each essences was determined using the simple disk diffusion method on Mueller-Hinton agar. Bacterial strains isolates of meat were more resistant to all tested essences but the pattern of the effectiveness of essential oils on isolated strains were similar in both sources. Essential oil extracted from Origanum vulgare had the highest antimicrobial effect on S. aureus and the lowest on E. coli, Mentha piperita had the highest antimicrobial effect on E. coli and the lowest on S. aureus and Carum carvi had the highest antimicrobial effect on S. aureus and the lowest on S. typhimurium. According to the antibacterial effects of the mentioned essential oils, the possibility of their application as an antimicrobial preservatives in meat and its products and also dairy products dairy is exist. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
175 - The antimicrobial effects of Mentha longifolia L. essential oil on Salmonella enteritidis in mayonnaise sauce
shaghayegh Ghorbani Leila Rouzbeh-nasiraei Mohammad Hassan JuriNow adays, there is a considerable tendency to use herbal essential oil as natural preservatives in foods and nutrition. Studies of their antimicrobial impact in the food models to achieve a safe and healthy food is growing. Mentha longifolia plant of the Laminacea fami MoreNow adays, there is a considerable tendency to use herbal essential oil as natural preservatives in foods and nutrition. Studies of their antimicrobial impact in the food models to achieve a safe and healthy food is growing. Mentha longifolia plant of the Laminacea family has antimicrobial compounds, Carvacrol and Thymol which are found in the essential oil of this plant. The aim of this study is to survey and evaluate the antimicrobial activity of essential oils of Mentha longifolia and the possibility of its application as a natural preservative and flavor in mayonnaise. In this study, the antimicrobial effect of different concentrations (1250, 2500, 5000 and 10000 ppm) Mentha longifolia essential oil on Salmonella enteritidis in mayonnaise at 4 and 25 °C were evaluated in 30 days. Factorial experiments in a completely randomized design, with three repetitions were analyzed by SPSS software. The results showed that the antimicrobial effect of “essential oil of oregano” at 25 °C is higher than 4 °C (p<0.05) and this effect increased by increasing the density of oil in the samples. The greatest impact of the essential oil concentration was 10000 ppm at both temperatures. While the increase in essential oil concentration in the samples, the sensory acceptability of food was reduced considerably. According to the results of sensory evaluation and microbial tests, the concentration of 1250 ppm oil in mayonnaise samples, have favorable results in reducing the number of bacteria up to 6 logarithms and gain a sensory of acceptance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
176 - Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Effects of Ethanolic Extract of Rosa canina Fruit on Increasing the Shelf Life of Chicken Meat Kept at Rrefrigerator Temperature
Sedigheh Yazdanpanah Fatemeh ShirvaniRosa canina fruit extract with its high content of bioactive compounds such as vitamin C, carotenoids and polyphenolic compounds, can be used as a natural preservative in meat products. The aim of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial and antioxidant activity MoreRosa canina fruit extract with its high content of bioactive compounds such as vitamin C, carotenoids and polyphenolic compounds, can be used as a natural preservative in meat products. The aim of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of Rosa canina fruit extract to improve durability at refrigerator temperature. For this purpose, ethanolic extract of Rosa canina fruit was prepared by microwave at three concentration levels (0.5%, 1% and 2%) and added to chicken samples. An extract-free sample was considered as a control. All specimens were kept at 4 °C for 10 days. Microbial properties including: Total bacterial count, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus coagulase positive and Salmonella, physicochemical properties including: fat oxidation, free radical inhibition, methemoglobin absorption, pH and volatile nitrogen during the first, fourth, seventh and tenth days were tested. The results showed that Rosa canina Fruit extract significantly reduced the mean (P Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
177 - Effect of Olive Leaf and Oregano supplement on performance, oxidation and microbial flora of breast broiler chickens
Neda Sadeghi ronizi seamak parsaei vahid mohammadiThe purpose of this experiment was to investigate the effect of olive leaf and oregano supplement on performance, oxidation and microbial flora of breast broiler chickens. For this, 400 one-day-old Ross 308 broilers were used in a completely randomized design with 5 tre MoreThe purpose of this experiment was to investigate the effect of olive leaf and oregano supplement on performance, oxidation and microbial flora of breast broiler chickens. For this, 400 one-day-old Ross 308 broilers were used in a completely randomized design with 5 treatments and 4 replications. Treatments include; control, 5 g olive leaf, 5 g oregano, 5 g mixture of olive leaf and oregano and 50 g erythromycin . At 42 day of age, four birds from each treatment were randomly selected and euthanized by cervical dislocation. Finally, carcass characteristics were evaluated. To determine oxidation by measuring the concentration of malondialdehyde and for the number of breast meat bacteria per unit colony formation per gram of meat, samples were extracted from the breast tissue of the chickens and stored at 4 ° C. The results showed that a significant reduction in FCR was observed in the birds fed ERY compared to Control group (P < 0.04). Relative breast weight in control birds was low compared to other treatments (P <0.002). Lipid oxidation showed a significant difference between treatments on days 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 during storage in the refrigerator (P < 0.05). Also, the erythromycin bacteria in breast meat up to day 8 of storage in the refrigerator was affected by the experimental treatments (P <0.05). Overall, the use of a mixture of 5 g of olive leaf and oregano improves the quantity and quality of broiler chickens by reducing the oxidation and TVC bacteria. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
178 - فعالیت ضد باکتریایی عصاره الکلی چای کوهی بر علیه پاتوژن های باکتریایی
زیبا فولادوند بهمن فاضلی نسبمقدمه و هدف: علاقه به گیاه درمانی و داروهای گیاهی با توجه به ذهنیت موجود در حال رشد است.گیاه Stachys lavandulifolia Vahl subsp lavandulifolia (چای کوهی) از خانواده (Lamiaceae) که در زاگرس ایران یافت و به طور گسترده ای در جنوب منطقه آناتولی ترکیه به عنوان چای گیاهی Moreمقدمه و هدف: علاقه به گیاه درمانی و داروهای گیاهی با توجه به ذهنیت موجود در حال رشد است.گیاه Stachys lavandulifolia Vahl subsp lavandulifolia (چای کوهی) از خانواده (Lamiaceae) که در زاگرس ایران یافت و به طور گسترده ای در جنوب منطقه آناتولی ترکیه به عنوان چای گیاهی استفاده می شود. این گیاه برای درمان مشکلا ت دستگاه گوارش و تنفسی کاربرد دارد. مطالعه حاضر به منظور تعیین فعالیت ضد میکروبی و حداقل غلظت مهاری (MIC) عصاره الکلی چای کوهی در برابر هشت نوع باکتری­ بیماری­زای انسان انجام شده است. روش تحقیق:در این مطالعه تلاش برای تعیین فعالیت ضد باکتریایی و حداقل غلظت بازدارنده(MIC)عصاره الکلی عصاره چای کوهی بر ضد باکتریهای بیماریزای انسانی است. اثر ضد باکتریایی عصاره های الکلی چای کوهی با استفاده از روش deep-well broth microdilution بر روی سویه­های تجاری باکتری­های در دسترس، انجام شده است. نتایج و بحث:نتایج نشان داده است که سطح حداقل غلظت مهاری برای هشت گونه مختلف باکتری استفاده شده بین 25 تا 100 ppm عصاره الکلی چای کوهی است. کمترین مقدار حداقل غلظت مهارکنندگی در برابر P. mirabilis و E. faecalis مشاهده شد. توصیه کاربردی/ صنعتی: این نشان می دهد که عصاره استخراج شده از چای کوهی ممکن است یک رویکرد امیدوار کننده برای توسعه داروهای ضد باکتریایی جدید. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
179 - ترکیبات شیمیایی و فعالیت ضدمیکروبی اسانس بومادران علیه باکتریها و قارچهای بیماریزای شایع در ماهی
میلاد عادل آرمین عابدین امیری مریم دیوبند رضا سفری الهام خلیلیمقدمه و هدف: با افزایش مقاومت عوامل بیماریزا در ماهی نسبت به داورهای شیمیایی، استفاده از گیاهان دارویی با خواص ضد میکروبی ضروری به نظر می­رسد. در این مطالعه ترکیبات شیمیایی بخش­های هوایی اسانس بومادران وحشی پرورش یافته در رشته­کوه­های زاگرس (جنوب غربی ای Moreمقدمه و هدف: با افزایش مقاومت عوامل بیماریزا در ماهی نسبت به داورهای شیمیایی، استفاده از گیاهان دارویی با خواص ضد میکروبی ضروری به نظر می­رسد. در این مطالعه ترکیبات شیمیایی بخش­های هوایی اسانس بومادران وحشی پرورش یافته در رشته­کوه­های زاگرس (جنوب غربی ایران) تعیین و خواص ضد میکروبی آن بر روی باکتری­ها و قارچ­های بیماریزای شایع در ماهی مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. روش تحقیق: در این مطالعه، خواص ضد میکروبی اسانس بومادران علیه پنج باکتری شامل استرپتوکوکوس اینیائی، یرسینیا راکری، ویبریو آنگوئیلاروم، آئروموناس هیدروفیلا و سودوموناس آئروجینوزا و چهار قارچ بیماریزای: ساپرولگنیا، فوزاریوم سولانی، کاندیدا آلبیکنز و آسپرژیلوس فلاوس مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. همچنین، ترکیبات تشکیل دهنده اسانس بومادران با استفاده از دستگاه گاز کروماتوگرافی- طیف سنج جرمی (GC/MS) تعیین شد. نتایج و بحث: بازده اسانس جمع آوری شده از استان چهارمحال و بختیاری 63/0% بود. مهمترین ترکیبات تشکیل دهنده اسانس بومادران شامل: 8-1 سینئول (2/25%)، کامفور (9/18%)، لینالول (9/6%)، بارنئول (7/5%) و آرتیمزیا (3/4%) بود. همه میکروارگانیسم­های مورد مطالعه نسبت به اسانس بومادران حساسیت بیشتری را نسبت به آنتی بیوتیک­های کنترل نشان دادند. بشترین خواص ضد باکتری و ضدقارچی بومادران به ترتیب علیه باکتری یرسینیا راکری (با قطر هاله مهار رشد 4/25 میلی­متر) و قارچ کاندیدا آلبیکنز (25 میلی­متر) مشاهده شد. این در حالی است که کمترین حساسیت نسبت به باکتری استرپتوکوکوس اینیائی (4/16 میلی­متر) و قارچ آسپرژیلوس فلاوس (14 میلی­متر) مشاهده شد. علاوه بر این، حداقل غلظت مهار کنندگی رشد (MIC) اسانس مورد مطالعه در محدوده 125 تا 800 میکروگرم/ لیتر تعیین شد که قادر به مهار رشد باکتری­ها و قارچ­های بیماریزای منتخب بود. توصیه کاربردی/صنعتی: نتایج این تحقیق نشان دهنده آن است که اسانس بومادران می­تواند به عنوان یک منبع بالقوه جدید و موثرتر از آنتی بیوتیک­های تجاری در صنعت آبزیان مورد استفاده قرار گیرد. هر چند که، انجام مطالعات بیشتر به منظور خالص سازی، جداسازی و تعیین ترکیبات دارای خواص ضد میکروبی اسانس بومادران ضروری به نظر می­رسد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
180 - معرفی برخی گونه های دارویی در خطر انقراض درکوه کلار واقع در استان چهارمحال و بختیاری
اصغر شاهرخی حمزه علی شیرمردی مریم قائد امینیمقدمه و هدف: استان چهارمحال و بختیاری به دلیل داشتن بسیاری از پارامتر های لازمه، محتوی چندین کانون فلوریستیک عمده گیاهی زاگرس مرکزی از جمله کوه کلار است. برخی از گونه های این کانون ها از دیرباز دارای مصارف دارویی متنوع و موثری بوده اند. در سالیان اخیر به دلایل مختلف، تع Moreمقدمه و هدف: استان چهارمحال و بختیاری به دلیل داشتن بسیاری از پارامتر های لازمه، محتوی چندین کانون فلوریستیک عمده گیاهی زاگرس مرکزی از جمله کوه کلار است. برخی از گونه های این کانون ها از دیرباز دارای مصارف دارویی متنوع و موثری بوده اند. در سالیان اخیر به دلایل مختلف، تعدادی از این گونه های با ارزش مورد تهدید قرار گرفته و حتی منقرض شده اند. بر این اساس لازم است بسیاری از این گونه ها، شناسایی و اقدامات لازم حفاظتی در مورد آن ها صورت گیرد. یکی از کانون های مهم فلوریستیکی در استان چهارمحال و بختیاری کوه کلار، به مساحت تقریبی 5086 هکتار که در مرکز استان واقع شده است. محدوده ارتفاعی این کوه بین 1900 تا 3814 متر از سطح دریا می باشد. میانگین بارندگی سالانه 4/511 میلی­متر و متوسط دما 45/10 درجه سانتی­گراد می باشد.روش بررسی: در این تحقیق با بیش از 30 بار مراجعه به بخش های مختلف کوه کلار، ضمن نمونه برداری از فلور منطقه به شناسایی و رده بندی گونه های آن اقدام شد و سپس اطلاعات گونه های دیگر جمع آوری شده توسط گیاه شناسانی که تا آن زمان به کلار مراجعه نموده اند، تاحد امکان به آن افزوده شد.نتایج و بحث: حدود 600 گونه از حدود 1300 گونه گیاه کروموفیت استان برای کلار ثبت شده است. از این تعداد 91 گونه گیاه دارویی شناسایی شده، به 38 تیره و 81 جنس تعلق دارند. هم­چنین تعداد 67 گونه انحصاری(Endemic) ایران در کلار یافت می­شود که 28 گونه از آن­ها دارویی هستند گونه های Achillea kellalensis Boiss. & Haus و Satureja kallarica Jamzad که انحصاری کلار نیز هستند. از نظر حفاظتی تعداد 84 گونه در کتابRed Data Book of Iran نام برده شده است. از این تعداد 61 گونه کمتر در خطر انقراض (LR)، 12 گونه آسیب پذیر (VU) و در مورد 11 گونه آن اطلاعات ناکافی (DD) است.توصیه کاربردی/صنعتی: از آن­جایی که اکثر گیاهان در خطر انقراض، گیاهان اندمیک و گاهاً دارویی هستند، می توان با حفظ و تکثیر آن­ها در زیستگاه های طبیعی یا خارج از زیستگاه های طبیعی، قدم بسیار موثری در حفظ ذخایر ژنتیکی و انحصاری خود برداریم. Manuscript profile -
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181 - فیتوشیمیایی اسانس چای کوهی Stachys lavandulifolia Vahl.)) جمع آوری شده از رویشگاه طبیعی در غرب استان اصفهان
فاطمه سلیمانی میمند محمدرضا وهابی محمد فضیلتی وحید کریمیانمقدمه و هدف: خانواده نعناعیان یکی از بزرگ­ترین و شناخته­شده­ترین خانواده­های گیاهان گل­دار با حدود 220 جنس و بیش از 4000 گونه در کل جهان می­باشد. جنس استاخیس یا گل سنبله ای یکی از بزرگترین جنس­های خانواده نعناع و دارای 300 گونه است که در مناط Moreمقدمه و هدف: خانواده نعناعیان یکی از بزرگ­ترین و شناخته­شده­ترین خانواده­های گیاهان گل­دار با حدود 220 جنس و بیش از 4000 گونه در کل جهان می­باشد. جنس استاخیس یا گل سنبله ای یکی از بزرگترین جنس­های خانواده نعناع و دارای 300 گونه است که در مناطق استوایی و نیمه استوایی هر دو نیم­کره پراکنده شده است. برای فلور ایران 34 گونه از این جنس گزارش شده است. استان اصفهان نیز دارای گیاهان دارویی متنوع از جمله گونه چای کوهی (Stachys lavandulifolia Vahl.) می­باشد. این مطالعه با هدف بررسی فیتوشیمیایی چای کوهی در منطقه غرب استان اصفهان انجام شد. روش تحقیق: گیاه چای کوهی از پنج رویشگاه اصلی (افوس و سیاه­دره فریدن، گلستان­کوه خوانسار، هورستانه گلپایگان و فریدونشهر) در منطقه غرب استان اصفهان جمع آوری گردید و سپس در شرایط سایه و دمای محیط خشک شد. اسانس گیاه به روش تقطیر با آب و با دستگاه کلونجر استخراج گردید و نوع و مقدار ترکیبات شیمیایی موجود در اسانس با استفاده از دستگاه کروماتوگرافی گازی مجهز به طیف سنج جرمی( (GC-MS تجزیه و شناسایی شدند. نتایج و بحث: نتایج نشان داد که ترکیبات جرماکرن–د (Germacrene-D) (%96/15)، تیمول (Thymol) (%64/14)، گاما-کادینن (_Cadineneγ) (%33/13)، آلفا-پینن (α-Pinene) (%80/7) و ترانس-کاریوفیلن (trans-Caryophyllene) (%91/6) اصلی­ترین اجزای تشکیل دهنده اسانس گونه چای کوهی در منطقه مورد نظر می­باشند. توصیه کاربردی/ صنعتی: با توجه به این­که گیاه چای کوهی دارای خاصیت داروئی می­باشد. اسانس اندام هوایی گیاه گلدار چای کوهی می تواند یکی از منابع مهم مونوترپن ها و سزکوئی ترپن ها باشد که دارای فواید و کاربردهای فراوانی هستند. Manuscript profile -
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182 - معرفی گونه های گیاهی با خواص دارویی در منطقه نطنز (کاشان)
شبنم عباسی سعید افشارزاده عبدالرضا مهاجریمقدمه و هدف: کشور ایران در زمینه استفاده از گیاهان دارویی و طب سنتی از سابقه ای طولانی برخوردار است. منطقه یحیی آباد در 35 کیلومتری جنوب غربی نطنز در منطقه حفاظت شده کوه­های کرکس واقع شده است که بخش مهمی از فلات مرکزی ایران می باشد. از بین گونه های گیاهی این منطقه گ Moreمقدمه و هدف: کشور ایران در زمینه استفاده از گیاهان دارویی و طب سنتی از سابقه ای طولانی برخوردار است. منطقه یحیی آباد در 35 کیلومتری جنوب غربی نطنز در منطقه حفاظت شده کوه­های کرکس واقع شده است که بخش مهمی از فلات مرکزی ایران می باشد. از بین گونه های گیاهی این منطقه گونه های زیادی وجود دارند که با توجه به منابع از ارزش دارویی برخوردارند. هدف از این تحقیق، بررسی اتنوبوتانی گیاهان دارویی منطقه یحیی آباد به منظور شناخت آداب و رسوم و نحوه استفاده توسط افراد محلی از گیاهان دارویی بود.روش تحقیق: در این تحقیق ابتدا گونه های گیاهی منطقه در طی چند نوبت در سال جمع آوری و با استفاده از منابع معتبر شناسایی گردیدند. سپس با استفاده از پرسش نامه های تهیه شده، اطلاعات افراد محلی منطقه در زمینه موارد مصرف، نحوه استفاده و قسمت های مورد استفاده گیاهان دارویی جمع آوری شد.نتایج و بحث: در این منطقه 65 گیاه دارویی به صورت رایج مصرف می شود که اکثر آن­ها برای برطرف کردن درد به کار می روند، اگر چه تعداد گیاهان دارویی منطقه بیشتر می باشد اما افراد محلی در مورد کاربرد بسیاری از آن­ها اطلاعاتی ندارند و از آن­ها مصرف نمی کنند.توصیه کاربردی/صنعتی: با توجه به ارزش دارویی گیاهان منطقه و با عنایت به خشک­سالی های اخیر که موجب تشدید چرای دام و برداشت گیاهان دارویی شده است، به نظر می رسد با اتخاذ روش ها و سیاست های حفاظتی مناسبی بتوان از بروز این مسئله جلوگیری نمود. Manuscript profile -
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183 - اثر اسانس چند گیاه دارویی بر سیستم ایمنی ماهی قزل آلای رنگین کمان Oncorhynchus mykiss
عبدالله قاسمی پیربلوطی اسماعیل پیرعلی غلام رضا پیشکار سید محمدعلی جلالی مهدی رئیسی محسن جعفریان دهکردی بهزاد حامدیمقدمه و هدف: اهمیت ماهی قزل آلا رنگین کمان (Oncorhynchus mykiss) در صنعت آبزی پروری ایران از یک سو و افزایش تلفات ناشی از تنش های مختلف مانند شیوع بیماری های عفونی و عدم تأثیر داروهای سنتزی از سوی دیگر، ما را بر آن داشت تا تحقیق حاضر را به منظور بهبود سیستم ایمنی و کاهش Moreمقدمه و هدف: اهمیت ماهی قزل آلا رنگین کمان (Oncorhynchus mykiss) در صنعت آبزی پروری ایران از یک سو و افزایش تلفات ناشی از تنش های مختلف مانند شیوع بیماری های عفونی و عدم تأثیر داروهای سنتزی از سوی دیگر، ما را بر آن داشت تا تحقیق حاضر را به منظور بهبود سیستم ایمنی و کاهش تلفات این ماهی با استفاده از ترکیبات طبیعی مانند اسانس گیاهان دارویی به مرحله اجرا درآوریم. روش تحقیق: به منظور بررسی اثر چند گیاه دارویی بر سیستم ایمنی ماهی قزل آلای رنگین کمان، آزمایشی در قالب یک طرح کاملاً تصادفی با 7 تیمار و 3 تکرار و در هر تکرار 12 قطعه ماهی در مجموع با 252 قطعه ماهی با میانگین وزن 5 ±50 گرم به مدت 8 هفته انجام گرفت. هفت تیمار آزمایش شامل 1% اسانس مرزه بختیاری، آویشن دنایی، مرزه خوزستانی، زرین گیاه، پونه کوهی، جیره معمولی+روغن زیتون و جیره معمولی (شاهد) بود. نتایج و بحث: نتایج این پژوهش نشان داد که بالاترین میزان صفات مربوط به شاخص های ایمنی یعنی درصد فاگوسیتوز و تعداد جرم فاگوسیته شده و میزان Igm در اثر تغذیه اسانس 3 گیاه پونه کوهی، مرزه خوزستانی، زرین گیاه بود (05/0>p). میزان لنفوسیت ها و هتروفیل های خون ماهی های تغذیه شده با جیره حاوی اسانس مرزه بختیاری در مقایسه با شاهد به ترتیب کاهش و افزایش مشاهده گردید (05/0>p). توصیه کاربردی/ صنعتی: در مجموع نتایج این تحقیق نشان داد که افزودن 1% اسانس گیاهان دارویی به خصوص پونه و مزره بختیاری به روغن زیتون به همراه جیره غذایی ماهی قزل آلای رنگین کمان سبب تقویت سیستم ایمنی ماهی می شود. Manuscript profile -
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184 - بررسی ابعاد اقتصادی تولید بادام کوهی در استان چهارمحال و بختیاری
محمود بخشی نژاد جمشید پیک فلکمقدمه و هدف: سایر فعالیت­های کشاورزی و حتی جایگزین نمودن کشت محصولات جدیدی مانند گیاهان دارویی به جای محصولات سنتی در استان گیاهان دارویی از این جهت که مواد اولیه لازم را برای تولید صنایع داروسازی فراهم می نماید ،یکی از محصولات اساسی کشور محسوب می شوند، از طرفی نقش Moreمقدمه و هدف: سایر فعالیت­های کشاورزی و حتی جایگزین نمودن کشت محصولات جدیدی مانند گیاهان دارویی به جای محصولات سنتی در استان گیاهان دارویی از این جهت که مواد اولیه لازم را برای تولید صنایع داروسازی فراهم می نماید ،یکی از محصولات اساسی کشور محسوب می شوند، از طرفی نقش روستاهها، در توسعه اقتصادی، نقشی محوری،کلیدی و بی بدیل است، که برای رسیدن به این امر باید فرصتهای افزایش درآمد در روستاهها فراهم شود، و یکی از این فرصتها در استان چهارمحال و بختیاری تولید گیاهان دارویی در کنار است. در این پژوهش ابعاد اقتصادی بهره برداری از بادام کوهی به عنوان یکی از گونه های دارویی بومی استان، مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است. روش تحقیق: داده های مورد نیاز از طریق مصاحبه با نمونه گیری تصادفی ساده به دست آمده و با استفاده از شاخص هزینه منابع داخلی مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفته اند، نتایج و بحث: نتایج حاصله حاکی از آن است که استان چهارمحال و بختیاری، در تولید این محصول دارای مزیت نسبی بالقوه ای است و جمع آوری و فروش بادام کوهی از مناطق مستعد این محصول سود خالصی معادل چهارمیلیون و یکصد وسی هزارریال برای کشاورزان در بر دارد. توصیه کاربردی/ صنعتی: با توجه به اینکه بادام کوهی بومی مناطق زاگرس در کشور می باشد، سازمان جهاد کشاورزی استان آموزشهای لازم را برای کاشت و داشت و برداشت این محصول از روشهای موثر به کشاورزان ارائه نماید. در این صورت علاوه بر افزایش درآمد کشاورزان ، مواد اولیه لازم برای تولید برخی دارویی فراهم شده و همچنین از مهاجرت رستاییا ن به شهرها می کاهد. Manuscript profile -
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185 - فیتوشیمی اسانس اندام های مختلف درمنه کوهی (Artemisia aucheri Boiss) جمع آوری شده از استان چهارمحال و بختیاری
سپیده میرزائیان مهدی اورعی عبدالله قاسمی پیربلوطیمقدمه و هدف: درمنه کوهی (Artemisia aucheri Boiss.) گیاهی بوته­ای از خانواده Asteraceae می­ باشد که در سراسر ایران پراکنده است. این گیاه در طب سنتی ایران، به عنوان قابض، ضدعفونی کننده، ضد­­ میکروب، ضد انگل و ضد مسمومیت به کار می­ رود. هدف از این مطالع Moreمقدمه و هدف: درمنه کوهی (Artemisia aucheri Boiss.) گیاهی بوته­ای از خانواده Asteraceae می­ باشد که در سراسر ایران پراکنده است. این گیاه در طب سنتی ایران، به عنوان قابض، ضدعفونی کننده، ضد­­ میکروب، ضد انگل و ضد مسمومیت به کار می­ رود. هدف از این مطالعه شناسایی اجزای اسانس برگ و ساقه و گل­آذین درمنه کوهی موجود در استان چهارمحال و بختیاری به منظور مشخص نمودن مهم­ترین ترکیبات و مقایسه آن ها با یکدیگر بود. روش تحقیق: برگ و ساقه و گل­ آذین درمنه کوهی از ارتفاعات کوه­های زاگرس در منطقه کلار جمع­ آوری شد. اسانس گیری به روش تقطیر با آب و با دستگاه کلونجر صورت گرفت. اجزای اسانس با استفاده از GC/MS تجزیه و شناسایی شدند. نتایج و بحث: بر اساس نتایج حاصل عملکرد اسانس بین اندام ­ها اختلاف معنی ­داری داشتند. بیشترین میزان عملکرد اسانس بین 5/1 تا 2 میلی ­لیتر در 100 گرم گل ­آذین خشک به­دست آمد که در مقایسه با اسانس برگ و ساقه گونه مورد نظر اختلاف معنی ­داری داشت. رنگ اسانس ­ها از سفید تا زرد روشن متغیر بودند. به ­طور کلی در حدود 90 درصد از ترکیبات اسانس شناسایی شد که مهمترین ترکیب تشکیل دهنده اسانس گل­ آذین، برگ و ساقه درمنه شامل آرتمیزیاکتون به میزان 9/52 درصد، 1/30 درصد و 3/13 درصد به ترتیب بودند. توصیه کاربردی/ صنعتی: باتوجه به نتایج تحقیق حاضر، بهترین اندام قابل برداشت گیاه درمنه کوهی با حداکثر ماده موثره و بازده اسانس سرشاخه گلدار یا گل آذین می باشد. Manuscript profile -
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186 - اثر تیمارهای درجه حرارت و عمر بذر در شکستن خواب و ویژگی های جوانهزنی بذر کرفس معطر بختیاری Kelussia odoratissima) Mozaff)
ساره ظفریان سعدالله هوشمند وحید روحیمقدمه و هدف: کرفس کوهی یا کِلُوس (‏Kelussia odoratissima Mozaff.‎‏) یکی از گیاهان مرتعی و دارویی خانوادهی چتریان و بومی دامنهی رشته ‏کوههای زاگرس است که متأسفانه به علت برداشت غیرمجاز در معرض انقراض میباشد. به منظور شکستن خواب و ارزیابی ‏اثر تیما Moreمقدمه و هدف: کرفس کوهی یا کِلُوس (‏Kelussia odoratissima Mozaff.‎‏) یکی از گیاهان مرتعی و دارویی خانوادهی چتریان و بومی دامنهی رشته ‏کوههای زاگرس است که متأسفانه به علت برداشت غیرمجاز در معرض انقراض میباشد. به منظور شکستن خواب و ارزیابی ‏اثر تیمارهای مختلف طی یک آزمایش فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی بر بذور منطقهی سر آقاسید از توابع استان ‏چهارمحال و بختیاری سه دمای 4، 8 و 22 درجهی سانتی­گراد و اثر سال در دو سطح، مربوط به سالهای متوالی 1388 و 1389 ‏در 4 تکرار در دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه شهرکرد انجام شد. روش تحقیق: در این آزمایش ویژگیهای نظیر میزان جوانهزنی، طول و قطر ریشهچه، محور زیر لپه و دم­برگ و هم­چنین طول و عرض ‏برگ لپهای در 100 روز پس از کاشت مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. ‏میانگین صفات حاصل از تیمارهای مختلف به روش LSD و با استفاده از نرم افزار آماری SAS مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفت. نتایج و بحث: نتایج نشان داد که میزان جوانهزنی بهطور بسیار معنیداری (0.01≥p) تحت تأثیر دما و سال و اثر متقابل این دو عامل قرار گرفت؛ بهطوری­که بالاترین میزان جوانهزنی مربوط به 4 درجهی سانتی­گراد بوده و در 22 درجهی سانتی­گراد جوانهزنی مشاهده نشد. هم­چنین از لحاظ تأثیر سال، جوانهزنی در بذور مربوط به سال 1388 رخ داد و بذور مربوط به سال 1390 نیز جوانهزنی صورت نگرفت. مقایسه میانگین صفات در درجه حرارت ۴ و ۸ درجه سانتی گراد نشان داد به جز جوانهزنی سایر صفات دمای 8 درجهی سانتی­گراد میزان بالاتری را نشان دادند، هر چند تنها دو صفت طول و عرض برگ به طور معنیداری (0.01≥p) در درجه حرارت ۸ درجه سانتی گراد بیشتر بود. توصیه کاربردی/ صنعتی: با توجه به این که مهمترین دلیل کاهش پراکنش این گیاه طول دوره خواب بذر میباشد، لذا استفاده از نتایج این تحقیق به کوتاه کردن جوانه زنی و در نتیجه اهلی کردن این گیاه دارویی کمک خواهد نمود. Manuscript profile -
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187 - تأثیر عصاره ی متانولی درمنه کوهی (Artemisia aucheri Boiss. ) بر بهبود زخم های پوستی ایجاد شده با انگل لیشمانیا ماژور در Balb/c
معصومه رستمی حسین نهروانیان مهین فرهمند هاجر ضیایی مهدی شریف فاطمه صغری مقصودلو رادمقدمه و هدف: تحقیقات متعددی بر روی خواص‎ ‎ضد‎ ‎میکروبی گیاه درمنه ‏‎ Artemisia aucheri ‎‏ انجام شده است. با‎ ‎توجه‎ ‎به‎ ‎شیوع‎ ‎لیشمانیوز‎ ‎جلدی‎ ‎در‎ ‎مناطق‎ ‎مختلف‎ &l Moreمقدمه و هدف: تحقیقات متعددی بر روی خواص‎ ‎ضد‎ ‎میکروبی گیاه درمنه ‏‎ Artemisia aucheri ‎‏ انجام شده است. با‎ ‎توجه‎ ‎به‎ ‎شیوع‎ ‎لیشمانیوز‎ ‎جلدی‎ ‎در‎ ‎مناطق‎ ‎مختلف‎ ‎جهان‎ ‎و‎ ‎ایران‎ ‎و‎ ‎نظر‎ ‎به‎ ‎این­که‎ ‎ترکیبات‎ ‎پنج ظرفیتی‎ ‎آنتی موان‎ ‎که‎ ‎برای‎ ‎درمان این‎ ‎بیماری‎ ‎به‎ ‎کار‎ ‎می‎ ‎رود‎ ‎دارای‎ ‎عوارض‎ ‎جانبی‎ ‎متعددی‎ ‎می‎ ‎باشد،‎ ‎استفاده‎ ‎از‎ ‎گیاهان‎ ‎دارو‎یی‎ ‎مورد‎ ‎تأکید‎ ‎قرار‎ ‎گرفته‎ ‎است. این‎ ‎تحقیق‎ ‎به‎ ‎منظور بررسی‎ ‎تأثیر عصاره متانولی گیاه‎ ‎دارویی‎ ‎درمنه کوهی‎بر‎ ‎روی‎ ‎زخم‎ ‎های‎ ‎حاصل‎ ‎از‎ ‎لیشمانیا‎ ‎ماژور‎ ‎در‎ ‎موش‎ ‎آزمایشگاهی‎ ‎نژاد ‏‎ Balb/c‎انجام‎ ‎گرفت‎.‎ روش تحقیق: در این بررسی موشها به 5 دسته (در هر دسته 5 سر) شامل گروه شاهد سالم، گروه شاهد آلوده، گروه دریافت کننده ‏گلوکانتیم، گروه دریافت کننده عصاره گیاهی و گروه دریافت کننده سرم فیزیولوژی تقسیم شدند. به تمامی گروه ها ‏به جز گروه شاهد سالم، به میزان ‏‎2×106‎‏ از پروماستیگوت های انگل گونه لیشمانیا ماژور ‏MRHO/IR/75/ER‏ به ‏صورت زیر جلدی در قسمت قاعده دم تزریق گردید. پس از ایجاد زخم، ابعاد زخم هر هفته در طی دوره درمان اندازه ‏گیری شد. در پایان دوره، تمامی موش­ها با در نظر گرفتن ملاحظات اخلاقی از بین رفتند و اندام­های داخلی آن­ها از ‏جمله کبد، طحال و غدد لنفاوی جدا گردید و گسترش­های تهیه شده از آن­ها از نظر میزان تأثیر عصاره گیاهی بر ‏میزان انگل مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. ‏ نتایج و بحث: عصاره گیاهی مورد نظر می تواند بر روی اندازه زخم، شدت عفونت در ضایعه و هم­چنین احشایی شدن انگل ‏تأثیر مطلوب بگذارد. این مطالعه برای اولین بار احشایی شدن انگل لیشمانیا ماژور را در موش ‏‎ Balb/c ‎گزارش می­‏کند. در طی این مطالعه عوارض جانبی در گروه تحت درمان با عصاره گیاهی مشاهده نشد. گسترش های به­دست آمده از ‏اندام­های طحال، کبد و غدد لنفاوی نشان دهنده کاهش بار انگل در این اندام­ها می باشد.‏ ‎عصاره متانولی گیاه درمنه کوهی در مقایسه با گلوکانتیم به عنوان داروی انتخابی درمان لیشمانیا، در مدل لیشمانیوز موشی بسیار موثرتر بود. ‏بنابراین این ترکیب می­تواند به عنوان یک جانشین مناسب گلوکانتیم در درمان لیشمانیوز در انسان و حیوان ‏معرفی گردد. توصیه کاربردی/ صنعتی: تأثیر ترکیب گیاهی مورد نظر جهت درمان زخم سالک بیشتر از داروی گلوکانتیم بود. لذا این تحقیق به عنوان یک گام در معرفی خواص این گیاه آن را به عنوان یک ترکیب مناسب جایگزین داروی گلوکانتیم در درمان لیشمانیوز پوستی مطرح می نماید Manuscript profile -
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188 - بررسی راهبردهای ساختار زیست پذیری شهر ابرکوه
مجتبی حاتمی حسین سلیمانی امیر گندمکار حمید صابری -
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189 - نقش گردشگری در درآمدزایی مناطق روستایی با ارائه یک مدل راهبردی در توسعه گردشگری روستاها (مطالعه موردی شهرستان فیروزکوه)
رضا سیر محمد علی احمدیان حمید جعفری کتایون علیزاده -
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190 - تحلیل پهنههای اکوتوریستی با استفاده از مدل TOPSIS (مطالعه موردی شهرستان فیروزکوه، استان تهران، ایران)
فرهاد حمزه -
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191 - .
مسعود باوان پوری فاروق نعمتی سودابه جعفری نرگس لرستانی -
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192 - .
mohamadreza akrami -
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193 - ارزیابی خصوصیات عملکردی و پروفیل اسیدهای چرب گوشت شتر تک کوهانه و آمیخته
ز. عبادی ف. سرحدیدر این تحقیق، 24 نفر شتر تک­ کوهانه و آمیخته (Camelus dromedarius and Camelus bactrianus)، در دو جنس نر و ماده و در دو دوره پروار (شش و نه ماه)، مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. خصوصیات گوشت شتر و پروفیل اسیدهای چرب آن، در نواحی مختلف بدن (ران، سردست، راسته و گردن) اندازه&sh Moreدر این تحقیق، 24 نفر شتر تک­ کوهانه و آمیخته (Camelus dromedarius and Camelus bactrianus)، در دو جنس نر و ماده و در دو دوره پروار (شش و نه ماه)، مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. خصوصیات گوشت شتر و پروفیل اسیدهای چرب آن، در نواحی مختلف بدن (ران، سردست، راسته و گردن) اندازه­ گیری شد. نتایج نشان داد که pH نهایی گوشت شتر آمیخته کمتر از نمونه­ های تک ­کوهانه بود و مقدار آن در نمونه ­های شتر نر بیشتر از ماده بود (0.05>P). اثر توده ­های ژنتیکی آمیخته و تک­ کوهانه، بر ویژگی ­های گوشت همچون؛ درصد افت وزن پس از پخت، قابلیت نگهداری آب (WBC) و غلظت رنگدانه­ های گوشت، اختلاف معنی­ دار داشتند. نتایج نشان داد ترکیب اسیدهای چرب گوشت شتر متأثر از آمیخته­ گری و دوره ­های مختلف پرواری، به ویژه در برش نواحی گردن، راسته و سردست، بود. بیشترین میزان اسیدهای چرب غیر اشباع (UFA) و همچنین بالاترین نسبت اسیدهای چرب دارای یک و چند باند غیراشباع (MUFA+PUFA) به اسیدهای چرب اشباع (SFA)، در نمونه ­های گوشت شتر آمیخته مشاهده شد. افزایش دوره پروار از شش به نه ماه، موجب افزایش نسبت MUFA + PUFA/SFA و شاخص سلامت در گوشت شتر شد. Manuscript profile -
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194 - تعیین توالی و آنالیز بیوانفورماتیکی ژن کاپا کازئین در ناحیه اگزون 4 در شترهای تک و دو کوهانه ایران
م. طهمورثپور م.ه. سخاوتی ا.ع. کهبیری ع. محمدهاشمیکاپا-کازئین، به عنوان عمدهترین پروتئین موجود در شیر، نقش مهمی در شکلگیری میسلهای موجود در شیر و کمک به افزایش حلالیت کلیسم و فسفر را ایفا میکند. از اینرو، هدف و رویکرد این مطالعه بررسی ژنتیکی و فیلوژنتیکی ناحیه 4 اگژون ژن کاپا-کازئین (CSN3) در شترهای ایران (10 نمون Moreکاپا-کازئین، به عنوان عمدهترین پروتئین موجود در شیر، نقش مهمی در شکلگیری میسلهای موجود در شیر و کمک به افزایش حلالیت کلیسم و فسفر را ایفا میکند. از اینرو، هدف و رویکرد این مطالعه بررسی ژنتیکی و فیلوژنتیکی ناحیه 4 اگژون ژن کاپا-کازئین (CSN3) در شترهای ایران (10 نمونه خون از شتر تک کوهانه و 10 نمونه از شتر دوکوهانه) بود. بعد از استخراج DNA، قسمتی از ناحیه DNA (713 جفت باز) از ژن کاپا کازئین به وسیله پرایمرهای اختصاصی تکثیر و تعیین توالی و در مرحله بعد با توالیهای دیگر ژن کاپا-کازئین که توالیشان در بانک اطلاعاتی NCBI موجود بود مقایسه گردید. نتایج نشان داد تفاوت معنیداری بین توالیهای مورد مقایسه مشاهده نشد. همچنین، نتایج آنالیز فیلوژنتیکی نشان داد بر اساس توالی ژن کاپا-کازئین، شترهای تک و دو کوهانه ایرانی کمترین تفاوت را باتوالی همین ژن با گونه لاما داشتند. Manuscript profile -
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195 - امکان سنجی تخمین وزن بدن شترهای کلکوهی با استفاده از پردازش تصاویر دیجیتال
م. خجسته کی م. کلانتر نیستانکی ز. رودباری ح. صادقی پناه ه. جواهری ع.ر. آقاشاهیهدف از این مطالعه بررسی امکان برآورد وزن شترهای کلکوهی با استفاده از پردازش تصاویر دیجیتال بود. برای این منظور، شترهای کلکوهی ماهانه در یک مزرعه خصوصی به مدت یک سال وزن می­شدند. در روز وزن­کشی، تصاویر دیجیتال از تمام شترها و از نمای جانبی آن­ها گرفته شد. این Moreهدف از این مطالعه بررسی امکان برآورد وزن شترهای کلکوهی با استفاده از پردازش تصاویر دیجیتال بود. برای این منظور، شترهای کلکوهی ماهانه در یک مزرعه خصوصی به مدت یک سال وزن می­شدند. در روز وزن­کشی، تصاویر دیجیتال از تمام شترها و از نمای جانبی آن­ها گرفته شد. این تصاویر دیجیتال در محیط نرم­افزار MATLAB پردازش شده و ویژگی­های عددی مورد نیاز هر تصویر از جمله ویژگی­های مختلف مورفولوژیکی تصاویر استخراج شد. از بین تمام ویژگی­های استخراج شده، برخی مانند طول محور اصلی، طول محور فرعی، تعداد عناصر غیر صفر (NNZ) و قطر معادل با وزن شترها ارتباط معنی­دار و بالایی داشتند (P<0.01) و از این نظر به­ عنوان ویژگی­ های مؤثر در توسعه شبکه عصبی در نظر گرفته شدند. برای برآورد وزن شترها بر اساس تصاویر دیجیتالی آن­ها از شبکه عصبی مصنوعی چند لایه که با الگوریتم پس انتشار خطا آموزش داده شده بود، استفاده شد. دقت مدل نهایی در برآورد وزن شترهای کلکوهی براساس ویژگی­ های تصویر آن­ها 99 درصد بود. ضریب همبستگی بین وزن تخمین­زده­ شده با مدل شبکه عصبی مصنوعی و وزن واقعی شترها 98 درصد و انحراف وزن تخمین­زده شده از وزن واقعی شترها 2.21 کیلوگرم بود. نتایج این تحقیق نشان داد که فناوری پردازش دیجیتال ظرفیت خوبی برای تخمین وزن شترهای کلکوهی دارد و این روش می­تواند جایگزین مناسبی برای وزن­کشی شترها با استفاده از باسکول باشد. Manuscript profile -
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196 - تنوع آللی شناسایی شده ژن MYF5 در شترهای دوکوهانه
ن. هدایت-ایوریق س.ر. میرایی-آشتیانی م. مرادی شهر بابک و. واحدی ح. عبدیفاکتور میوژنیک 5 (MYF5) نقش مهمی در رشد و توسعه ماهیچه دارد و به عنوان یک ژن کاندیدا برای صفات رشد و کیفیت گوشت شناخته میشود. ژن MYF5 در دوره تکثیر میوبلاستها بیان میشود که شامل سه اگزون میباشد. به منظور بررسی وجود یا عدم وجود تنوع ژنتیکی در ژن فاکتور میوژنیک 5 در ش Moreفاکتور میوژنیک 5 (MYF5) نقش مهمی در رشد و توسعه ماهیچه دارد و به عنوان یک ژن کاندیدا برای صفات رشد و کیفیت گوشت شناخته میشود. ژن MYF5 در دوره تکثیر میوبلاستها بیان میشود که شامل سه اگزون میباشد. به منظور بررسی وجود یا عدم وجود تنوع ژنتیکی در ژن فاکتور میوژنیک 5 در شترهای دو کوهانه ناحیه اگزون 1 ژن MYF5 از روش نشانگر PCR-SSCP استفاده شد. نتایج نشان داد که چهار الگوی متفاوت از اگزون I در نمونههای مورد مطالعه وجود دارد. توالییابی از این الگوها نشان داد که دو نوع چندشکلی تک نوکلئوتیدی (SNP) در موقعیتهای 98 و 366 وجود دارد که به ترتیب منجر به تغییر A به G و G به A میشود این جهشها باعث ایجاد چهار هاپلوتیپ میشود که در ارتباط با الگوهای مختلف شناسایی شده بودند. تنوع و جهش مشاهده شده در این مطالعه منجر به تغییر اسیدآمینه سرین به آسپارژین و تریپتوفان به کدون متوقف کننده میشود که میتوان از آن در توسعه و بهبود برنامههای اصلاح نژادی شتر برای استفاده در انتخاب به کمک ژن به کار گرفته شود. Manuscript profile -
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197 - تأثیر اسانسهای پونه کوهی (Origanum vulgare) و آویشن (Thymus vulgaris) بر عملکرد رشد و فراسنجههای خونی در گوسالههای شیرخوار
ح. صیرفی س. سبحانی راداین آزمایش به منظور مقایسه تأثیر مکملسازی شیر با اسانسهای پونه کوهی و آویشن به صورت جداگانه یا مخلوط بر عملکرد رشد، فراسنجههای هماتولوژیکی و برخی متابولیتهای خونی گوسالههای شیرخوار هلشتاین انجام شد. چهل و هشت گوساله (با وزن 32/48±82/5 کیلوگرم) به طور تصادفی Moreاین آزمایش به منظور مقایسه تأثیر مکملسازی شیر با اسانسهای پونه کوهی و آویشن به صورت جداگانه یا مخلوط بر عملکرد رشد، فراسنجههای هماتولوژیکی و برخی متابولیتهای خونی گوسالههای شیرخوار هلشتاین انجام شد. چهل و هشت گوساله (با وزن 32/48±82/5 کیلوگرم) به طور تصادفی به چهار تیمار به شرح زیر اختصاص یافتند: (1) کنترل بدون مکمل اسانس، (2) مخلوط 5 میلیلیتر اسانس آویشن در شیر به ازای هر گوساله در روز، (3) مخلوط 5 میلیلیتر اسانس پونه کوهی در شیر به ازای هر گوساله در روز، (4) مخلوط 5/2 میلیلیتر اسانس آویشن + 5/2 میلیلیتر اسانس پونه کوهی در شیر به ازای هر گوساله در روز. نتایج نشان داد جیرههای آزمایشی تأثیر معنیداری بر وزن بدن، متوسط افزایش وزن روزانه و نرخ ضریب تبدیل در کل دوره آزمایش نداشتند (05/0>P)، گرچه فراسنجههای مصرف استارتر و مصرف کل خوراک در گروه دریافت کننده اسانس پونه کوهی و گروه مخلوط اسانسها افزایش یافتند (0001/0>P). مقادیر هماتوکریت، هموگلوبین، حجم متوسط هموگلوبین و درصد لنفوسیتها در گروه دریافتکننده اسانس پونه کوهی در مقایسه با گروه کنترل افزایش یافتند (05/0>P). همچنین نتایج این آزمایش ثابت کرد مکمل نمودن هر دو اسانس پونه کوهی یا آویشن غلظت آهن سرم و فعالیت آنزیمهای آلانین آمینو ترانسفراز و آسپارتات ترانس آمیناز را افزایش داد (05/0>P). غلظتهای کلسترول و تریگلیسرید تام در گوسالههای دریافتکننده هر دو اسانس در مقایسه با گروه کنترل نیز افزایش یافت (05/0>P). این نتایج نیاز به تأیید بیشتر دارند و تحقیقات بیشتری مورد نیاز است که غلظتها و سهم اسانسهای آویشن یا پونه کوهی (به تنهایی یا در مخلوط) را مشخص نمایند؛ گرچه نتایج این تحقیق پیشنهاد میکنند ممکن است اسانس پونه کوهی به عنوان یک افزودنی امیدبخش در تغذیه گوسالههای شیرخوار مفید باشد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
198 - جداسازی و شناسایی نشانگرهای ریزماهواره از ژنوم گونه در معرض انقراض شتر دو کوهانه
ع. دانشور آملی م. امین افشار س.ا. شاهزاده فاضلی ن. امام جمعه کاشان ک. جمعه خالدیشتر دوکوهانه یکی از گونههای دامی در معرض انقراض ایران بوده که اکثراً در شمال غرب کشور پرورش داده میشود. ریزماهوارهها یکی از نشانگرهای مناسب برای مطالعات ژنتیک جمعیت و تعیین هویت جانوران و ردههای سلولی هستند. در این تحقیق نشانگرهای ریزماهواره با استفاده از 40 رده سل Moreشتر دوکوهانه یکی از گونههای دامی در معرض انقراض ایران بوده که اکثراً در شمال غرب کشور پرورش داده میشود. ریزماهوارهها یکی از نشانگرهای مناسب برای مطالعات ژنتیک جمعیت و تعیین هویت جانوران و ردههای سلولی هستند. در این تحقیق نشانگرهای ریزماهواره با استفاده از 40 رده سلولی فیبروبلاستی شتر دوکوهانه و به روش PIMA (PCR Isolation of Microsatellite Arrays) جداسازی، شناسایی و بررسی گردیدند. PIMA روش مناسبی است که نیازی به تشکیل کتابخانه ژنومی و استفاده از مواد رادیواکتیو ندارد. پس از بررسی توالیها، تعداد 4 جایگاه ریزماهواره جدید (IBRC01، IBRC02، IBRC03 و IBRC04) شناسایی و برای آنها پرایمر طراحی گردید. تنوع آللی جایگاههای فوق در تعداد 40 نمونه شتر دوکوهانه بررسی شد. تعداد آللهای مشاهده شده از 5-3 آلل متغیر بود. هتروزایگوسیتی مشاهده شده بین 52/0 تا 71/0 و هتروزایگوسیتی مورد انتظار بین 53/0 تا 80/0 و شاخص شانون بین 89/0 تا 6/1 متغیر بود. درخت فیلوژنی بر اساس توالیهای به دست آمده و توالیهای ثبت شده از گونه شتر رسم گردید و تفاوت گونهها را بر مبنای پراکنش جغرافیایی تأیید کرد. نتایج این تحقیق نشان میدهد که روش PIMA برای جداسازی و شناسایی نشانگرهای ریزماهواره کارایی خوبی داشته است. همچنین تنوع جایگاههای ریزماهواره جدید شناسایی شده خوب بوده و از آنها میتوان به عنوان ابزاری مفید برای انجام مطالعات ژنتیک جمعیت، تعیین هویت و حفاظت از ذخایر ژنتیکی شتر دوکوهانه استفاده نمود. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
199 - Evaluation of Pre-ozonation Unit Efficiency in Turbidity and TOC Removal (Case Study: Kouhsabz Water Treatment Plant)
Bahman Masoomi Nematollah Jaafarzadeh Haghighi Fard Tayebeh Tabatabaei Esmael kouhgardi Sahand JorfiThe overall objective of this study was to investigate the turbidity and total organic carbon (TOC) of raw water entering the treatment plant and the pre-ozonation unit's efficiency is to remove these compounds. Sampling from raw water and pre-ozonation water was done w MoreThe overall objective of this study was to investigate the turbidity and total organic carbon (TOC) of raw water entering the treatment plant and the pre-ozonation unit's efficiency is to remove these compounds. Sampling from raw water and pre-ozonation water was done within 6 months and tested according to the standard method of the method. The results showed that there was a direct correlation between total organic carbon content and turbidity that's more in winter and in February with a high turbidity of 18NTU and TOC above 7mg / l. It was also found that the average pre-ozonation unit efficiency in the removal of total organic carbon with an average ozone dose of 3kg / hr and the contact time 18 minutes, is 20.52%, The highest TOC removal efficiency was in February (35.7%) and the lowest removal efficiency (14.08%) in May. The average turbidity removal efficiency is 61%, the highest and lowest percentages eliminated respectively were in February with 85.2% and 30% in July. Therefore, to increase the efficiency of pre-ozonation unit in removing organic compounds and ... It is necessary to carefully consider the process and design factors To increase the efficiency of removal of compounds. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
200 - Determining the type of relationship between the erosion and runoff simultaneous threshold with soil physical properties
hamzah saeediyan Hamid reza MoradyThen, sampling of erosion and runoff threshold in 6 points with 3 replicates and in different rainfall intensities of 0.75, 1 and 1.25 mm/min in three land uses of the range, residential area and agricultural lands with the help of the rain simulator was done. In additi MoreThen, sampling of erosion and runoff threshold in 6 points with 3 replicates and in different rainfall intensities of 0.75, 1 and 1.25 mm/min in three land uses of the range, residential area and agricultural lands with the help of the rain simulator was done. In addition, the same number of runoff and erosion threshold samples, sampling of the soil physical properties such as clay, silt, sand, very fine sand and moisture content was done. I The results showed that in Gachsaran Formation and in all three rangeland, agricultural and residential land uses and in all three intensities of 0.75, 1 and 1.25 mm/min, very fine soil sand in eight cases had the opposite relationship and in one case had a direct relationship with the erosion and runoff simultaneous threshold and soil clay had the opposite relationship in two cases and had a direct relationship in seven cases and soil silt had the opposite relationship in four cases and had a direct relationship in five cases. Soil sand in six cases showed the opposite relationship and in two cases showed a direct relationship and in one case did not show a relationship, and soil moisture in seven cases showed an inverse relationship and in two cases showed a direct relationship with erosion and runoff simultaneous threshold. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
201 - .
maryam hoseini ELHAM ROOSTAEI RAD -
Open Access Article
202 - Prevalence of blood parasites in cows in Savadkouh city during 1395-1396
Jafar Hossienzadeh Mohammad Reza Youssefi sasjad khaksarProtozoan parasites of pyroplasma are the important pathogens of domestic animals and wildlife. These organisms, due to the illness and death of domestic animals, and the importance of the transfer of some of its genus and species to humans, cause many economic and heal MoreProtozoan parasites of pyroplasma are the important pathogens of domestic animals and wildlife. These organisms, due to the illness and death of domestic animals, and the importance of the transfer of some of its genus and species to humans, cause many economic and health damages around the world it turns out. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of parasites on 210 cows with suspected jaundice in spring and summer of 1395-96 in Savadkouh city. After the clinical examination and observation of clinical signs such as fever, enlargement of the lymph nodes, pallor or jaundice of the animals, suspected jaundice were considered, and blood dilatation from the vein was made to examine the parasites. The blood plate was extracted with 96-degree methanol and stained with Giemsa colored lab and examined by optical microscope. The results of this study showed that 10.47% of the tested cows were infected with Theileria and 6.67% infected with Babesia and 1.9% infected with Anaplasma. In this study, 2 cases (0.9%) of Theileria and Anaplasma and 8 cases (81.3%) were associated with Theileria and Babesia infection. Therefore, in view of the presence of blood parasites in the region of the cows and the importance of arthropods in their transmission, it is possible to combat these arthropods in order to control the above-mentioned contaminations, in addition to treating suspected contaminated animals. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
203 - Histological and histochemical study of the esophagus in one-humped camel (Camelus dromedarius) during prenatal development
Ehsan Salimi Naghani Iraj PoustiIn this study esophagus during development has been investigated in prenatal and postnatal periods of the one-humped camel. The aim of this study, the investigation of the esophageal histological wall construction in camel during gestation period and after that in compa MoreIn this study esophagus during development has been investigated in prenatal and postnatal periods of the one-humped camel. The aim of this study, the investigation of the esophageal histological wall construction in camel during gestation period and after that in comparative with the esophageal histological development in other the domestic animals. For histogenesis study of esophagus in one-humped camel, 20 fetuses, around 86 days to 13 months, were chosen. Then, after the age calculating, the fetuses were stored in 10% buffer formalin and provided sections with 5 µ thickness of all the esophagus portions (cervical, thoracic and abdominal) and were stained by hematoxylin & eosin and periodic acid Schiff methods. According to the observed histological changes; developmental periods of the esophagus were divided into the three stages: the first stage (5-13 cm, 86- 110 days of pregnancy), the second stage (13-16 cm, 110-119 days of pregnancy) and the third stage (35-40 cm, 175-190 days of pregnancy). At 110 days of pregnancy, the epithelium was changed to the stratified squamous epithelium. At 119 days of pregnancy, the formation of primary stages glands tubes and neural ganglions in the esophagus were observed. At 175 days of pregnancy, in abdominal part of esophagus, thin and dispersed muscularis mucosa was observed in the connective tissue under the epithelium. The study observations revealed that the histological esophagus wall evolution, according to the gestation period in one-humped camel are less precocious than the domestic ruminants. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
204 - Economic and social consequences of the construction of freeways in rural settlements (Case Study: district eastern Miankuh)
M. toulabi nejad A.A. anabestani l. solgiEconomic and social development of rural settlements is absolutely contingent on basic services, especially transport infrastructure and services. Development of rural settlements as well as the development of different economic sectors, social and industry. So in this MoreEconomic and social development of rural settlements is absolutely contingent on basic services, especially transport infrastructure and services. Development of rural settlements as well as the development of different economic sectors, social and industry. So in this article using library and field (questionnaire) to examine the economic and social effects of transport Highways Khorramabad- Paul Zal district in rural areas in the eastern valley has been Poldokhtar city. The construction of the highway from 1384 to over 104 at the junction of two Khorramabad and Andimeshk had begun on 11 Persian dates Aban 1389 and officially came into operation. The statistical population included rural families eastern in Miyankoh (N= 514), 103 households using the Cochrane formula (12 villages) were selected as the sample. For single-sample t-test data analysis, Friedman test, linear regression, and path analysis were used. The results of-of the analysis of the data indicates a freeway positive impact on economic and social indicators in the study area So that increases the income of rural households, Increase household access to markets for agricultural products, The rising cost of agricultural land, Increasing access to health, education, and quality of life in rural areas is studied. Therefore, we can say that one of the most important and best practices for the development of rural settlements, Increased investment in infrastructure and transport in the regions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
205 - Environmental Quality Analysis of Interior Spaces for Local Housing in Mountainous Regions of Guilan with an Emphasis on Thermal Comfort (The Case Study: Dowsaledeh Village, Rudbar)
Farnaz Farasati Farhang Mozaffar Farshad Nasrollahi Nasrollah Molaei Hashjinsince old times, human beings have been making shelters to deal with external factors and live with comfort. Later, scientists found that the higher the quality of the interior spaces of made environment be, ranging from cooling or thermal comfort, audio and even better Moresince old times, human beings have been making shelters to deal with external factors and live with comfort. Later, scientists found that the higher the quality of the interior spaces of made environment be, ranging from cooling or thermal comfort, audio and even better interior ventilation, it will have a significant role in physical and, mental health of the residents. Because of the ruggedness and impassibility of the most mountainous regions, providing thermal comfort with fossil fuels needs electricity and gas grid, which is difficult to achieve, and is not cost-effective. On the other hand, making roads and power grids equals subsequent loss of hectares of forests and consequently tens of plant and animal species. Due to lack of this comfort, forest and mountain dwellers and tribal people are forced to wander and immigrate unplanned to urban and suburban areas, which in turn have grounded serious problems. Accordingly, this article pays special attention to the indoor thermal comfort in mountainous settlements. The case study is located in Dowsaledeh village (Khorgam, Rudbar) and the main questions that are answered in this research are: A. how can dominant native rural settlements of mountainous areas of Guilan be studied in terms of thermal comfort during a year on valid scientific methods? And B. In what period of a year do these settlements provide suitable thermal comfort and at what times will it be difficult? Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
206 - Analyzing the Factors affecting on Agricultural Entrepreneurship in Rural Areas (Case Study; Damankoh District in Esfarayn County)
Hossein Farahani mehri JahansooziNowadays, Agricultural Entrepreneurship is one of the most important strategies ways of rural development. The purpose of this study was to analyze the factors affecting entrepreneurship in the agricultural sector of rural areas. Considering the purpose, this research i MoreNowadays, Agricultural Entrepreneurship is one of the most important strategies ways of rural development. The purpose of this study was to analyze the factors affecting entrepreneurship in the agricultural sector of rural areas. Considering the purpose, this research is an applied one, and in nature, it is a descriptive-analytic type. Data and information were gathered by means of library and field method and for data analysis; factor analysis was used in an exploratory manner. The rural area, which was under the study, consists of 15 villages, and due to the low number of villages, all villages have been studied. The statistical population of the study has been 987 benefactor farmers, Which 276 benefactors were selected by using Cochran formula as the sample size. The validity of the items was confirmed by the experts and its reliability was calculated using Cronbach,s alpha at a rate of 0.712. The results of the factor analysis test show that among the known seven factors the most effective factor in terms of agricultural entrepreneurship in the study area is the economic factor with a special value of 5/731, which accounts for 12.831% of the total variance by itself. The least impact is related to the factor of access to physical infrastructure with the special value of 1,445 that is accounted for 5.412% of the total variance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
207 - Strategic planning of Piranshahr City
leili ebrahimi Mohammad Rahim Ezzatolah MafiAwareness of the strengths and weaknesses of cities is essential for present plans, policies and plans of the city. In fact, the use of economic, social, physical, etc. indicators can be a suitable Criterion for determining the status of cities, and fields of solving th MoreAwareness of the strengths and weaknesses of cities is essential for present plans, policies and plans of the city. In fact, the use of economic, social, physical, etc. indicators can be a suitable Criterion for determining the status of cities, and fields of solving the problems and failures are created to achieve the desired and actual development. Accordingly, the purpose of this paper is to determine the position of Piranshahr city in terms of strategic planning indices and prioritizing the city development strategies. The research is descriptive and analytical. The sample population in this study consisted of three groups: urban managers, urban elites and citizens the sample size was identified 382 people for the citizens group according to the Cochran formula. In the group of managers 50 people and in the elite group 50 were selected as samples. Positioning of city was by using SWOT model and Prioritization of city developing strategies was performed by the SWOT model and prioritizing the city development strategies using a combination of Multi Criteria Decision-Making method and Kohonen neural network in MATLAB and EXCEL softwares. The results showed that the city of Piranshahr is in a competitive position strategically. Also the output of Kohonen neural network identified strategy of developing of foreign exchanges and strengthening of Tamarchin boundry market in order to shaping a sustainable economy based on internal - foreign trade as the best city development strategy. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
208 - Comparative Evaluation of the Quality of Life of Nomads in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province (Case Study: Koohrang City)
Asghar Norouzi Mina MohammadizadehThe nomadic community is the country's third human society (urban, rural, nomadic), which has been strongly influenced by the political, economic and social developments of the society in the century recent. A group of this community has been settled and a group has cho MoreThe nomadic community is the country's third human society (urban, rural, nomadic), which has been strongly influenced by the political, economic and social developments of the society in the century recent. A group of this community has been settled and a group has chosen the continuation of nomads. It is very important to examine the difference in living conditions of both groups in order to strengthen the idea of settlement or migration. One of the important aspects in this regard is quality of life, which has recently been considered by researchers, planners and governments as one of the important issues. However, less attention has been paid to the nomadic community and the scientific research carried out in this area is more limited. In this study, comparative evaluation of quality of life of settled and not-settled nomads of Koohrang city has been investigated. A sample of 270 people consisted of 153settled households and 117not-settled households. The results showed that there is a significant difference between the two settled and not-settled communities in terms ofsocial and physical, environmental and economic dimensions, with respect to the means and the levels of significance.Although there was not great significant difference between the two communities in terms of their meaneconomic dimension, but with significance level (less than 0.05), it was statistically significant.However, the nomads settled in all aspects of the quality of life are in a better position than the not-settlednomads. Also, the greatest difference was observed between the two nomadic communities in the environmental dimension. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
209 - Analysis of The Relationship Between Rural Housing Livability and Villagers Quality of Life (Case study: Zirkooh County, Zirkooh Dehestan)
mohammad golami hamdollah sojasi ghidari Aliakbar AnabestaniQuality of life and its promotion is the most important approach in rural and urban planning. Several factors and can have an impact on the quality of life of villagers, one of them is livability and standard housing. Rural housing as a basic human need, with wide econo MoreQuality of life and its promotion is the most important approach in rural and urban planning. Several factors and can have an impact on the quality of life of villagers, one of them is livability and standard housing. Rural housing as a basic human need, with wide economic, social, cultural, environmental and physical dimensions, has a significant impact on the quality of life and sustainable rural development. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between livability housing and quality of life of villagers in the village of Zirkooh. This study was done by the descriptive-analytic method. The sample size is 313 households that was selected by using the Cochran formula with a 5% error measurement. According to the results, the livability variable with a Pearson statistic of 0.616 with high quality of life has a strong direct correlation. Also, due to the significant level that is less than 0.05, the livability variable has a significant relationship with the quality of life and has the ability to be generalized to the whole society. The effect of livability variable on both objective and subjective dimensions was confirmed but according to the adjusted coefficient of determination for the mental dimension of quality of life is 0.307 and for the objective dimension is 0.328, which indicates that 30.7% of the subjective changes and 32.8% of the objective dimension changes in the dependent villages is livability housing. more effect of the livability housing variable on the objective dimension of quality of life. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
210 - Investigating the damage to the economic and social development of rural areas (Case Study: Paskouh district, SIB and SOURAN Township)
Mehrbibi Paskouhi Sirous Ghanbari mehrshad toulabi nejadIntroduction: The rural community of countries in the country has different challenges that are needed to identify the damage to rural development first to identify rural development and to address these problems and issues.Research aim: The purpose of this study is to MoreIntroduction: The rural community of countries in the country has different challenges that are needed to identify the damage to rural development first to identify rural development and to address these problems and issues.Research aim: The purpose of this study is to investigate the damage to the economic and social development of border villages in Peskouh, SIB and SORAN..Methodology: The present study is one of the applied research and has been done by descriptive-analytical method. The necessary data were obtained by the researcher's questionnaire tool. The statistical community of the research was households living in the villages of Peskouh village in Apple and Soran, where 338 families were questioned using Cochran formula. The data analysis was performed using unlimited exploration (Johannon method).Studied Areas: The geographical territory of this study is the villages of the border areas in Peskouh village, SIB and SORAN.Results: Results show that income and savings indicators, employment, poverty, agricultural activities, ownership of the most important economic damage and indicators of education, welfare, health, education, health are the most important social disadvantages The economic and social development of the villages in the region is studied.Conclusion: The results of the study showed that Peskouh village in Apple and Soran city in Sistan and Baluchestan province was undergoing underdeveloped. Why the villages in this area have faced a lot of economic and social damage. These injuries have always been challenged as preventing the development of villages in the area, which are necessary to identify them, while identifying them to provide the basis for the development of villages in the region. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
211 - Explaining the Design Model of Residential Buildings in Cold Mountain Climates from Physical-Identity Dimension (Case Study: Tabriz Metropolitan)
roghyeh mehmani jalal Nakhaei mehrdad javid nejadIn the design and construction of traditional and indigenous buildings, the use of renewable energies such as airflow, sunlight and heat in construction has been considered by the builders. It has also been tried to have the least negative impact on the environment. The MoreIn the design and construction of traditional and indigenous buildings, the use of renewable energies such as airflow, sunlight and heat in construction has been considered by the builders. It has also been tried to have the least negative impact on the environment. The main question of the research is what are the basics of designing residential buildings compatible with cold and mountainous climates in Tabriz metropolitan from the physical-identity aspect? In this study, descriptive-analytical and field methods were used, Delphi tools and techniques were used in the surveys to answer research questions, and for statistical conclusions and purpose-based documentation using SPSS software. 6 persons will be in the form of 22 Ph.D. students, 6 Architects professors, 22 residents of residential complexes which will be extracted and presented based on statistical methods. Cronbach's alpha was used for reliability of the questions. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the physical and identity components of the model by overlapping the indices of the model in addition to the necessary climatic studies to explain the models and patterns of this adaptation in cold and mountainous regions of Iran. The results show that there is a positive and significant relationship between the spatial domination subgroup (communication and joints) with the physical dimension as well as the identity dimension. There is a positive and significant relationship between sub-indices of open space, physical domination and contrast and differentiation with physical dimension. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
212 - The Role of Traditional Houses in Mountainous and Hilly Villages in Rural Sustainable Development in Western Mazandaran (Tonekabon - Ramsar)
nasrollah molaeihashjin masoomeh hosseinnejadIntroduction With regard to the increasing facilities of life such as land, sea, and air transportation vehicles, and an increase in people’s free time, income, and age, people, today, like to spend their time on touring and traveling more than any time in MoreIntroduction With regard to the increasing facilities of life such as land, sea, and air transportation vehicles, and an increase in people’s free time, income, and age, people, today, like to spend their time on touring and traveling more than any time in the past. Villages in Northern Iran were a destination for travelers. Rural houses are important elements of developing rural tourism. The main objective of present research is to study and investigate on mountainous and hilly villages located in Western Mazandaran because traditional houses enjoy an exclusively architectural buildings derived from villagers’ traditions and cultures followed by naturalistic characteristics of the region in question. Methodology Regarding the main question, “What is the role of traditional houses in mountainous and hilly villages, as important elements of villages’ economic survival and cultural identity, in rural sustainable development in Western Mazandaran?” and the subjects and objectives of the research, the following hypotheses were proposed: -Rural tourism activities can promote villagers’ economy as a supplementary income. *Corresponding Author: nmolaeih@iaurasht.ac.ir -Using natural attractions and with various uses, traditional houses in mountainous and hilly villages can be influential in attracting tourists and developing tourism in the region in question. -Tourism can decrease the rate of migration and stabilize population in the regions in question. -Creating a tourism village can develop rural tourism in addition to preserving the traditional identity and culture of villages in the regions in question. Descriptive-analytic method has been utilized in this research along with documentary, library and field studies. Tools such as tables, pictures, interviews, and questionnaires have also been utilized. The data collected are analyzed and concluded by test and SPSS software. Findings and discussions The area of question in this research is located in Western Mazandaran. This region is from 50 degrees and 35 minutes to 50 degrees and 45 minutes of eastern longitudes and from 36 degrees and 30 minutes to 36 degrees and 40 minutes of northern latitudes that includes the cities of Ramsar and Tonekabon. The subject population of the study consists of families living in mountainous and hilly villages of Ramsar and Tonekabon, tourists, managers, and experts of organizations and institutions related to villages of the region. 20 villages (6 hilly and 14 mountainous) out of total 274 villages in the region were randomly chosen as sample population. Out of 1478 families in 20 villages, 307 families were chosen. Since there is no clear-cut figure of tourists, 384 samples were selected using Chokran formula and Morgan Table. Finally, Due to the limited number of managers and experts, all of them were chosen. -The number of houses in the villages under study was 304. 89, 105, and 110 houses had 29 percent of Darvarchin, 35 percent of Zigameh, and 36 percent of new building materials, respectively. Thus, 64 percent of total houses in the study region was traditional. -One of the basic differences between local and new houses lies in their function regarding their pattern change, reduction of areas under construction, change in village tissue, etc. The most important developments made in housing and the function changes followed by them include the type and pattern of houses, building materials, change in the size and cost of building houses. Results -Studies and tests carried out on the variables among villagers and authorities all indicate that regarding the traditional economy of living in the region under study, tourism activities can act as a complementary source of income and promote economic abilities of villagers. Tourism has been able to activate other economic parts that resulted in job creation and economic development. -Studies reveal that since tourists are strange people that travel to villages based on their curiosity to see natural landscapes and know the customs and traditions of the regions, rural social values, cultural and folkloric elements can affect the attraction of tourists. With regard to the functional quality and meeting the human needs, rural houses have been able to make tourists choose them for stays instead of other places such as hostels, inns, tents, etc. -Survey conducted indicate that increase in the income resulted from selling land, controlled building constructions, house renting, and providing tourists with services and facilities have caused the villagers to buy house in cities and consider their village houses as the second dwelling places. -Traditional houses, their method of architecture besides natural attractions and landscapes have gained tourists attentions. A lot number of tourists prefer traditional and new houses to hotels and inns for stays in villages. Therefore, creation of tourism village can cause rural tourism in addition to the preservation of traditional culture. -Establishing an ecomusium ( tourism village) as a suitable place for introducing culture and preserving cultural values of villages of the region, participation of executive institutions in expanding tourism industry, creation of daily and weekly markets for villagers’ handicrafts and other rural products, revival and development of infrastructures and installations of tourism industry , educating village managers and planners, and attending to rural industry, and principles of environmentally sustainable development to reduce environmental crisis are among the strategies to achieve sustainable development of rural tourism. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
213 - Zonation of Landslide Hazards Appraisal in NW Hillsides of Binalud Zone Case Study: The Shandiz Mountainous Domain in NW of Mashhad Township (Northeast of Iran)
Abolfazl Behniafar Mohammad Reza Mansouri DaneshvarLandslides in country mountainous domains have annual, more than 500 milliard Rials, economical damages. Geomorphologic studies at tree last decades have essential roles at appraisal of country landslides. Amplification of landuse and surface loose formations in northwe MoreLandslides in country mountainous domains have annual, more than 500 milliard Rials, economical damages. Geomorphologic studies at tree last decades have essential roles at appraisal of country landslides. Amplification of landuse and surface loose formations in northwest hillsides of binalud zone causes medium and minor scale landslide events. By attention to touristy attractiveness in this basin, the mass movement of hillsides will redound to environmental hazards and catastrophism. In this article we appraise the landslide hazards with Anbalagan Model and 6 environmental variables. The consequences displays that southeast regions of case study area have highly grade of landslide hazards through existence of colluvial and loose formations and essential anthropogenic elements. Increasing landuse in loose formation of Mashhad Phylite mainly as traditional agronomy and water intuition of rivers to alluvial traces and hillsides are important elements in landuse events in case study confine. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
214 - -
bahman ramzani -
Open Access Article
215 - Solutions of rural tourism development in the mountain-side section of Guilan
روشن بابایی همتی نصراله مولائی هشجینIn this article is tried to consider tourism as a tool for the economic development and progress of villages for gain to the rural sustainable development. Meanwhile, rural sustainable development can be the encounter of these two subjects in spaces frame which create t MoreIn this article is tried to consider tourism as a tool for the economic development and progress of villages for gain to the rural sustainable development. Meanwhile, rural sustainable development can be the encounter of these two subjects in spaces frame which create the kinds of the rural tourism types. So farm, garden, historical, human and natural tourism can be factors for attracting tourists. Making the touristic identity for villages with regard to the applied aspect target, this article clarifies in the frame of the analytic and descriptive methodology. With the result that, the set of solutions that present in the mountain-side section of Guilan province, considering the rural tourism development discussions are expressed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
216 - اثر فصل، جنسیت و سویههای مختلف اگروباکتریوم رایزوژنز در توانایی القاء ریشههای نابجا در دو پایه نر و ماده سرو کوهی (Juniperus communis L.)
مصطفی خوشحال سرمست رودابه کردکتولی زهرا رضایی عظیم قاسم نژادموشکافی جنبه­های مختلف افزایش رویشی سرو کوهی ایرانی یکی از مهمترین اولویت­ها در رابطه با جلوگیری از انقراض این گونه­ها به حساب می­آید. در این پژوهش اثر سویه­های مختلف اگروباکتریوم رایزوژنز، ترکیبات هومونی مختلف (ایندول بوتریک اسید، پاکلوبوترازول، پوت Moreموشکافی جنبه­های مختلف افزایش رویشی سرو کوهی ایرانی یکی از مهمترین اولویت­ها در رابطه با جلوگیری از انقراض این گونه­ها به حساب می­آید. در این پژوهش اثر سویه­های مختلف اگروباکتریوم رایزوژنز، ترکیبات هومونی مختلف (ایندول بوتریک اسید، پاکلوبوترازول، پوتریسین و سدیم نیتروپروساید)، فصول مختلف و جنسیت­های متفاوت در توانایی ریشه­زایی دو پایه نر و ماده سرو کوهی مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. ریشه­زایی قلمه­های نیمه خشبی سرو کوهی در هر دو پایه در پاییز موفقیت­آمیزتر بود. قلمه­های گرفته شده در سپتامبر بالاترین درصد ریشه­زایی را در پایه ماده داشتند در حالی که تفاوت معنی­داری در توانایی ریشه­زایی در پایه­های نر که در دسامبر و سپتامبر گرفته شده بود دیده نشد.گرایش به ریشه­زایی در پایه ماده بیشتر از نر بود. تیمار پایه­های ماده با IBA ریشه­زایی را به نصف کاهش داد و حتی این تنظیم کننده رشد ریشه­زایی را در پایه نر نسبت به کنترل به صفر رساند. تفاوت در درصد ریشه­زایی بین پایه­ها تا حدی به­وسیله تفاوت ژنتیکی مشاهده شده در دو پایه با استفاده از تکثیر تصادفی مکان­های ژنی آن­ها قابل توجیه خواهد بود. سویه A4 اگرو باکتریوم رایزوژنز در مقایسه با دیگر سویه­ها ریشه­زایی را در پایه ماده به 5/53 درصد رساند. تشکیل ریشه­های نابجا مرتبط با جنسیت در سرو کوهی که به کمک داده­های ژنتیکی حمایت می­شود راه را برای مطالعات پایه­ای برای آشکار نمودن حلقه گم شده در سازوکار ریشه­زایی گیاهان آشکار خواهد نمود. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
217 - کاربرد رخسارههای میکروسکپی در تعیین محیط رسوبی سازند داریان در کوه رحمت (شمال شرق شیراز)
مهناز پروانه نژاد شیرازی فاطمه عابدی محمد بهرامی -
Open Access Article
218 - بررسی اثرات مخرب زیست محیطی ناشی از برداشت بی رویه مصالح رودخانه ای (شن و ماسه) در محورهای اصلی برداشت شهر مشهد
نرجس قهرمانی محمد غفوری غلامرضا لشکری پور غلامرضا غلامی -
Open Access Article
219 - ریززیست چینه نگاری و محیط رسوبی سازند سورمه در کوه گدون
مهناز پروانه نژاد شیرازی محمد بهرامی سید بهمن موسوی علی حبیب نژاد -
Open Access Article
220 - محیط زمین شناسی و سنگ شناسی محل رویش گیاه دارویی پونه سای کرک ستاره ای در سنگ های آذرین شیرکوه یزد
عزت اسلامی زاده شهرام سامانی راد -
Open Access Article
221 - بررسی و مقایسه شاخص های ارزش اطلاعات و تراکم سطح در تهیه نقشه های خطر زمین لغزش (مطالعه موردی: منطقه پیشکوه فریدونشهر اصفهان)
کورش شیرانی احمد نصر Jafar Rahnamarad عبدالرسول شفیعی دستجردی -
Open Access Article
222 - مطالعه میکروفاسیس و چینه نگاری سکانسی سازند داریان در برش کوه زنا (شمال غرب شیراز)
مسعود عابدپور مسیح افقه -
Open Access Article
223 - ساختار گل مانند معکوس در منطقه رامشه (شمال شرق کوهزاد زاگرس)
علیرضا ندیمی سمیرا احمدی فروغ السادات ظهوری مرضیه گلباغ -
Open Access Article
224 - بررسی پترولوژیکی توده نفوذی ممزار استان کرمان
مهدی عبدلزاده رضا درخشانی -
Open Access Article
225 - A survey on the information seeking behavior of faculty members of Islamic Azad University, Firoozkooh Branch
adeleh ahangar mehrdokht vazirpoor keshmiriThe aim of the present research is to study the information seeking of faculty members of Islamic Azad University, Firoozkooh Branch. Data were collected using a questionnaire. They were distributed among 294 faculty members. By means of Krejcie and Morgan's table 165 s MoreThe aim of the present research is to study the information seeking of faculty members of Islamic Azad University, Firoozkooh Branch. Data were collected using a questionnaire. They were distributed among 294 faculty members. By means of Krejcie and Morgan's table 165 samples were selected. Research findings indicate that faculty members' important aims are preparing scientific articles, updating their professional knowledge. So, they use books, Internet and scientific journals. They also evaluated the currency and updatedness of university library less than average. The most common problems of respondents in the time of seeking information are: lack of time, unavailability of information materials in the library and unfamiliarity with search strategies in online information seeking. Finally, research hypotheses are confirmed by Chi-square test. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
226 - A comparative study on digital library open source code softwares
fereshteh sepehr aliasghar sharifiniaPurpose: The aim of the present research is developing knowledge in the field of open-source code software of digital libraries, and identifying their strengths, weaknesses, similarities, and differences. Methodology: This research is of applie MorePurpose: The aim of the present research is developing knowledge in the field of open-source code software of digital libraries, and identifying their strengths, weaknesses, similarities, and differences. Methodology: This research is of applied type. The population is composed of Greenstone, Koha, Dspace, MyLibrary, EPrints, and OpenBiblio. The existing standards of digital libraries have been investigated and a checklist is prepared so that the best software for providing a suitable model could be introduced.Descriptive measurable research method is used to collect the information and describe the related features. Findings: The findings show that among the softwares that are designed as Integrated Digital Library open-source code, the highest capabilities belong to Koha, MyLibrary, and OpenBiblio. And, those which have been designed for digital library materials according to the checklist are Greenstone, Dspace, and EPrints. Conclusion: From the viewpoint of digital library materials, regardless of functional modules (Acquisition, Cataloging, OPAC, Circulation, Serial Control), the highest capabilities belong to Greenstone, Dspace, Koha, MyLibrary, EPrints, and OpenBiblio Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
227 - Identification and Record of DNA Barcode of Iranian Bactrian Camel (Camelus bactrianus)
laleh parsa yeganeh maryam sadeghi Reza Azarbaijani Abdolreza Daneshvar Amoli shiva Mohamadi Moghanjoghi Parvaneh Farzaneh Seyed Abolhassan shahzdeh fazeli hamidreza khalediBecause of vast Habitat diversity, Iran harbors a unique plant and animal biodiversity. National conservation programs has begun 50 years ago in Iran, but nonetheless, the rate of extinction of animal species in this country is high and every year a list of Iranian enda MoreBecause of vast Habitat diversity, Iran harbors a unique plant and animal biodiversity. National conservation programs has begun 50 years ago in Iran, but nonetheless, the rate of extinction of animal species in this country is high and every year a list of Iranian endangered or threatened animal and plant species is published on the IUCN Red List. DNA barcoding is a molecular tool that uses standardized genetic primers, and amplification of a segment of the mitochondrial gene cytochrome c oxidase I, to classify species. In recent years, this technique has become gradually widespread for the study and classification of species to prioritize biodiversity conservation activities.Iranian Bactrian camel (Camelus bactrianus) is an endangered livestock breed with distribution in northwest of Iran. Given its severe population decline, it is important to pay more attention to this breed from a biodiversity conservation perspective. In this study, 6 Iranian Bactrian camel specimens were sampled and after DNA extraction the Barcode segment of mitochondrial COI gene was amplified and sequenced. Following bioinformatics analysis, the DNA barcode of the Iranian Bactrian camel was identified and recorded in the DNA Barcode of life Database (BoldSystem) with all habitat and morphological characteristics of the samples. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
228 - Assessment of genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationship of some cultivated (Apium graveolens) and wild celery(Kelussia odoratissima) genotypes using SDS-PAGE
fatemeh Mahmoudi kurdi Ardeshir Joodmand sara ghaffarianThe study of proteins is an appreciate model for assessment genetic diversity and similarity between different genomes. Considering to the medicinal and nutritional importance of Apium graveolens and Kelussia odoratissima in this study genetic relationships and diversit MoreThe study of proteins is an appreciate model for assessment genetic diversity and similarity between different genomes. Considering to the medicinal and nutritional importance of Apium graveolens and Kelussia odoratissima in this study genetic relationships and diversity of 6 Kelussia genotypes based on seed proteins and 15 celery based on proteins of seeds and leaves 30, 45 and 60 days after germination were studied by SDS-PAGE. Presence and absence of the protein bands were scored as one and zero, respectively. The total number of bands, number of polymorphic bands, the percentage of polymorphic bands, number of private bands, number of alleles, number of effective alleles, genetic diversity, mean of heterozygosity, polymorphic information content and Nei gene diversity index were estimated. Also analysis of molecular variance, analysis of molecular variance to two first coordinates and grouping of populations based on minimum evolution algorithm and P-distance were done. Results showed high genetic diversity in both populations but higher heterozygosity and within population diversity in celery seed compare to Kelussia. Grouping of populations separated celery and Kelussia populations. Agreement of populations grouping with geographic dispersion was more strong in seeds than leaves Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
229 - Synthesis of tin (II) oxide nanoparticles using oregano plant extract and its application in fatty alcohols esterification
sara mohseni tavana kosar amirsadeqi Roya Kiani-Anbouhi Elaheh Bohloulbandi mohamad hadi ghasemiThe aim of this research is to use oregano plant extract as an economical and safe green alternative for the synthesis of tin (II) oxide nanoparticles and its application in the esterification of fatty alcohols. Thus, for the synthesis of tin (II) oxide nanoparticles, o MoreThe aim of this research is to use oregano plant extract as an economical and safe green alternative for the synthesis of tin (II) oxide nanoparticles and its application in the esterification of fatty alcohols. Thus, for the synthesis of tin (II) oxide nanoparticles, oregano plant extract and tin (II) chloride were used. The obtained tin (II) oxide nanoparticles were used as nanocatalysts in the esterification of fatty alcohols. Using equivalent amounts of acetic anhydride: lauryl alcohol (1:1) in solvent-free conditions, at 80°C for 60 minutes, lauryl acetate ester was synthesized (Ra=83%). By using cetyl alcohol and increasing temperature to 90°C for 120 minutes, cetyl acetate ester was synthesized (Ra=81%). Lauryl acetate and cetyl acetate are in the formulation of many insect sex pheromones and can be used as attractants in traps for monitoring and trapping agricultural pests. The results of this research showed that anhydrous tin (II) oxide synthesized by the green method was suitable for catalyzing the esterification reaction of fatty alcohols. High efficiency, no use of expensive and toxic amine solvents, simplicity of the catalyst synthesis and recycling, simplicity of the esterification method using the catalyst, and reuse of the catalyst in consecutive reactions (3 consecutive reactions with 88, 85 and 81% efficiency, using acetic anhydride: lauryl alcohol 1.5:1) is one of the advantages of the method. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
230 - The Performance of Myth in Modern life: The Archetypes of "Mountain-Cave" and "Circle"
بهروز اَتونی By considering the two archetypes of "mountain-cave" and "circle" in Persian mythology and Ferdowsi's epic, Shāhnāmeh, the present article attempts to study the MiladTower, the tallest tower in Iran, in order to see the impressions of the above mentioned archety More By considering the two archetypes of "mountain-cave" and "circle" in Persian mythology and Ferdowsi's epic, Shāhnāmeh, the present article attempts to study the MiladTower, the tallest tower in Iran, in order to see the impressions of the above mentioned archetypes in it. Its stucture, head stucture and revolving restaurant are inspected with respect to these archetypes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
231 - Assessment of chemical compositions and antibacterial activity of the extract and essential oil of Artemisia aucheri collected from Iran
Parnian Saeidi Saghar Ketabchi Vahid RowshanBackground & Objectives: The antimicrobial activity of plant oils and extracts has been recognized for many years. There are many difficulties and deficiencies to control plant photogenic bacteria. Historically, natural plant products have been considered as great s MoreBackground & Objectives: The antimicrobial activity of plant oils and extracts has been recognized for many years. There are many difficulties and deficiencies to control plant photogenic bacteria. Historically, natural plant products have been considered as great sources with therapeutic properties. This study was aimed to evaluate the chemical compositions and antibacterial activity of extract and essential oil of Artemisia aucheri collected from Iran. Materials & Methods: In this sectional study, the compositions of essential oil and ethanolicextract of Artemisia aucheri were determined by GC/MS and HPLC assays. Antibacterial activity of the essential oil and extract was evaluated using micro broth dilution and disc diffusion methods. Results: The main component of the oil was, 1.8 Cineol (22.65%), and the main polyphenolic compounds of the extract was chloregenic acid (264.9 mg/l). Evaluating MIC and MBC values of the essential oil, the maximum inhibition zone diameter (in the range of 6.4-8 mm, and 6.4-9 mm) was measured against Bacillus subtilis, Brenneria nigrifluens, Streptomyces scabies, Rhizobium radiobacter, Rhizobium vitis, Xanthomonas axonopodis pv.citri, and Xanthomonas arboricola pv. juglandis. Furthermore, evaluating MIC and MBC values of the extract the maximum inhibition zone diameter (in the range of 6.4-8 and 6.4-9 mm) was observe against Rhizobium Radiobacter, Brenneria nigrifluens, Rhizobium vitis, Streptomyces scabies, Bacillus subtilis, Xanthomonas axonopodis pv.citri, Xanthomonas arboricora pv. Juglandis, and Ralstonia solanacearum. Conclusion: In general, both essential oil and ethanolic extract showed desirable antimicrobial activity against plant photogenic bacteria. Therefore, Artemisia aucheri can be considered as a biopesticide. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
232 - The myth of the mountain and the first woman climber Shahnameh
Ahmad Khatibi Delaram BaghdadiThis study, the myth of the mountain and spiritual connection to the world of the supernatural nature of this effect is magnificent.Sara and myth DPI ground, this will be reflected in his poems are beautiful. What the authors are trying to achieve it, according to the m MoreThis study, the myth of the mountain and spiritual connection to the world of the supernatural nature of this effect is magnificent.Sara and myth DPI ground, this will be reflected in his poems are beautiful. What the authors are trying to achieve it, according to the mythology of women in Shahnameh. Shahnameh epic poetry in addition to being one of the world's oldest and largest source Birding, hikers and mountain mythology identify who is in Iran, and indeed that is a library of climbing, in the course of the story of King FereydounThe researchmethod in this study, library and talk to analytical method is presented. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
233 - توسعه پایدار کشاورزی(زراعت و باغداری) با تاکید بر پایداری منابع آب (مطالعه موردی: دهستان کوهین، همدان)
مسعود مهدوی محمد مهدی ضیانوشین مهدی رمضان زاده لسبوئی -
Open Access Article
234 - تحلیل شبکه های آبی مرتبط با کوهستان داوران در استان کرمان از دیدگاه ژئومورفولوژی و تکتونیک
علی سیستانی پور -
Open Access Article
235 - Social Epistemology and Scientific objectivity
جلال پیکانی Meysam SadeghpourBeside to postmodern approaches, on the one hand, and the positivism, on the other hand, certain aspects of social epistemology is capable to both defending some type of objectivity in the realm of science and cause to dialogue between those two camp. After introducing MoreBeside to postmodern approaches, on the one hand, and the positivism, on the other hand, certain aspects of social epistemology is capable to both defending some type of objectivity in the realm of science and cause to dialogue between those two camp. After introducing social epistemology in brief, in this paper, we show problematic aspects of those approaches and then show what aspects of social epistemology could serve to defend some type of objectivity in the realm of science, especially, in the philosophical atmosphere of our country, this moderate approach could be fruitful. According to social epistemology, the agent neither is absolutely free from social and political obligations, neither is absolutely dependent on such obligations. In other word, based on truth conductivity, social epistemology holds a moderate approach to objectivity of science. This may serve as a means to create a new approach to objectivity. Social Epistemology; Alvin Goldman; Scientific objectivity; Postmodernism Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
236 - Assessing the level of socio-cultural sustainability in empowering rural communities (Case study: Mountainous villages of East Azerbaijan province)
Mohammad Reza Khakzad Behrouz Mansouri Hassan Sattari Sarbangholirural communities Rural communities play an important role in the balanced development of the country. Rural communities play an important role in the balanced development of the country. Given the issues and problems facing rural communities, the pursuit of sustainabl Morerural communities Rural communities play an important role in the balanced development of the country. Rural communities play an important role in the balanced development of the country. Given the issues and problems facing rural communities, the pursuit of sustainable social development in the form of participation, security, customs and public awareness of the villagers seems a necessity. The advent of modern technology, the change in the production structure, the social and economic indicators of rural life have changed and led to the emergence of social anomalies and migration to cities and the reduction of the young generation and consequently the erosion of rural fabric and housing. East Azerbaijan province, as one of the agricultural hubs of Iran, has 2591 villages. Of these, 1067 villages in the province are located in the mountains, so the statistical population of this study is 1067 villages, of which 25 villages have been selected as a sample that had the necessary characteristics for this study. In this study, to measure social and cultural sustainability, effective indicators and criteria have been identified in mountainous villages. By performing various tests using a researcher-made questionnaire in the form of 21 questions, the impact of social sustainability indicators on Empowerment of rural communities confirms the mountainous area of the province. Therefore, the main question of the present study is that according to the heads of rural households in the mountainous area of East Azerbaijan province, what criteria and indicators in terms of socio-cultural sustainability have the greatest impact on improving the quality of life in ? Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
237 - Determine of Impacts factors on limitation of distribution species Kelussia odoratissima mozaff. in Kohgiluyeh
E. Jahantab A. Sepehri M. Mesdaghi حسین بارانی A. BagheriThe aim of this research was to study its habitat and to define main ecological factors that limit its distribution objective of this study was to examine Kelussia odoratissima Mozaff. habitat and to determine affecting ecological factors on its distribution in Kohgiluy MoreThe aim of this research was to study its habitat and to define main ecological factors that limit its distribution objective of this study was to examine Kelussia odoratissima Mozaff. habitat and to determine affecting ecological factors on its distribution in Kohgiluyeh region. Vector base topographic map of the area was acquired and interred into GIS program. Height, slope and aspect maps were generated by creating DEM image. Land use, land evaluation, evaporation, temperature and precipitation maps of the area were seemingly created. 12 random transects (six in present and six in previous habitats) of Kelussia were laid out. 440 quadrats with the size of two by two meters were systematically plotted along transects. Canopy cover percentage and the number of Kelussia along with total canopy cover of other accompanying species were estimated in each quaderats. 12 soil samples were gathered in two sites to define, soil parameters including organic carbon, texture and soil depth. The associated pixel values of each plot were extracted and added to prepare spread sheet of field data base. Non parametric regression analysis was performed to determine association between biophysical parameters of Kelussia and environmental parameters. Analysis of variance was performed to see if there exists any difference between present and previous sites of Kelussia in terms of their environmental parameters. Results show that there is no significant difference between environmental parameters of present and previous sites of Kelussia. Its seems that factors excepts ecological and biological, such as human factors is impact on Kelussia. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
238 - Yield trials of wheat cultivars and elite lines in saline regions of Yazd province
G.H. Ranjbar M. Nikkhah1A farm experiment was conducted to evaluate grain yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars and elite lines in saline regions of Abarkuh and Khatam towns of Yazd province, Iran, in 2010-2011. The experiment was conducted as randomized complete blocks design with f MoreA farm experiment was conducted to evaluate grain yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars and elite lines in saline regions of Abarkuh and Khatam towns of Yazd province, Iran, in 2010-2011. The experiment was conducted as randomized complete blocks design with four replicates. Electrical conductivity for irrigation water in Abarkuh and Khatam towns were 8.3 and 4.5 dS m-1, respectively. Results showed that there were significant differences between two locations in grain yield, spike length and the grains per spike. The grain yield and the grains per spike for the cultivars were significantly different, regardless to locations. Shirodi cv. significantly produced lower grain yield than the others. Arg cv. and elite line MS-85-17 produced the highest grain yield in Abarkuh (4597.2 Kg ha-1) and Khatam (6149.3 Kg ha-1) towns, respectively. However, the grain yields for MS-85-17, M-83-17, Arg, Bam and Shirodi in both locations were 5053.8, 4496.5, 4982.6, 4208.3 and 2838.5 Kg ha-1, respectively. Based on the results, elite line MS-85-17 could be considered as new wheat cultivar for saline regions of Yazd province. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
239 - Evaluation habitant condaition of Amygdalus scoparia in Bolhasan Dezful using multiple criteria decision making method
S.A. Jozi N. Moradi Majd -
Open Access Article
240 - The Effect of Celery (Apium graveolens) Extract on the Pituitary – Gonad Axis in Adult Male Mice
مهرداد مدرسی غلامرضا قلمکاریCelery (Apium graveolens) has many therapeutic effects. This plant has many phytoestrogens that can affect on the reproductive endocrine system and can reduce fertility .In this study, Hydro alcoholic extracts of celery leaves on the pituitary -gonad axis in male mice o MoreCelery (Apium graveolens) has many therapeutic effects. This plant has many phytoestrogens that can affect on the reproductive endocrine system and can reduce fertility .In this study, Hydro alcoholic extracts of celery leaves on the pituitary -gonad axis in male mice of Balb/C was investigated. The samples were randomly divided into 5 groups (three treatment groups, placebo and control). Celery leaves hydro alcoholic extract in different doses (50, 100,150 mg/kg/2day) was injected (IP) for 20 days. The Placebo group was used for injection of normal saline. The samples were randomly divided into 5 groups (three treatment groups, placebo and control). Celery leaves hydro alcoholic extract in different doses (50, 100,150 mg/kg/2day) was injected (IP) for 20 days. The Placebo group was used for injection of normal saline. After 10 injections, samples bloods were analyzed for FSH, LH and testosterone using RIA method and compared with control groups. Concentrations of FSH in 100 and 150 mg/kg decreased significantly while LH and testosterone concentrations in all experimental groups decreased (Pandlt;0.05) .This study showed dose-dependent negative effect of celery extracts in the pituitary - gonad axis in male mice Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
241 - The Habitat Suitability Modeling of Mountain Racerunner (Eremias montanus) in Western Zagros, Iran
علیرضا محمدی نصرالله رستگارپویانی محمود کرمی عمار رهبرMountain racerunner (Eremias montanus) of Lacertidea family is a native species (Endemic) Zagros Mountains, which so far only in a limited area of Hamadan and Kermanshah provinces is reported. This species low population and low distribution terms of the conservation ar MoreMountain racerunner (Eremias montanus) of Lacertidea family is a native species (Endemic) Zagros Mountains, which so far only in a limited area of Hamadan and Kermanshah provinces is reported. This species low population and low distribution terms of the conservation area is an important. In this study , that from during spring , summer and fall while starting activity species after hibernation done, taba was to investigate variables related to species habitat suitable habitat are identified and modeled . In sampling stager at observation point in path of the line transect habitat parameters and presence and absence of species were recorded. Based on 75 plot in the presence and absence of plote was harvested. Binary Logistic Regression was performed to develop the distribution model of the Mountain racerunner according to habitat variabla. Finally, the significant parameters in this model were amount of vegetation, amount of Rocky and stony, aspect, slop and heigh. Based on the result, suitable habitat for Eremias montanus was considered as all the high mountain area and steep habitat with dense shrub cover. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
242 - The First Report of Mountain Racerunner, Eremias montanus (Sauria: Lacertidae) in Hamedan Province of Iran
عمار رهبر محمود کرمی نصرالله رستگارپویانی علیرضا محمدیEremias montanusbelonging to the family Lacertidae and is an endemic lizard of Iran. Endemic species because only certain geographical areas there are many values are for academic studies. In this study to find these regions to make a lot of Hamedan province were stud MoreEremias montanusbelonging to the family Lacertidae and is an endemic lizard of Iran. Endemic species because only certain geographical areas there are many values are for academic studies. In this study to find these regions to make a lot of Hamedan province were studied, but observed only in Alvand Mountain in 18 km Hamedan province. The research was performed from early April until late November in 2009; while this species spend hibernation and samples were collected by line transect method. In total 13 samples were collected the 10 specimens were mature and 3 specimens were immature and morphological, ecological and ethological studies were conducted on them. In this study, for the first time this species was detected in Hamedan province, whereas reported only in previous studies of Siah dareh Village in Kermanshah province. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
243 - The Effect of Alcoholic Extract of Artemisia aucheri on Pentylenetetrazol-induced Seizure in Male Mice
معصومه کشاورزیان غلامحسن واعظی نسرین حیدریهVarious species of the genus Artemisia are used as drugs in the treatment of some diseases and also in the physiological and pharmacological studies. Artemisia aucheri contains large amounts essence of terpenoids group, particularly "sesquiterpene lactones, ketones and MoreVarious species of the genus Artemisia are used as drugs in the treatment of some diseases and also in the physiological and pharmacological studies. Artemisia aucheri contains large amounts essence of terpenoids group, particularly "sesquiterpene lactones, ketones and monoterpene. These components have biological activities thus they can affect some physiological activites. In this study, the effect of alcoholic extract of Artemisia aucheri on pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) induced convulsions was investigated. In this research, N-MRI male mice with weighing (22-28 g) were used. The animals were divided into three groups: control group (saline), Sham group that received saline and Tween 20 (1%), and experimental groups that included three subgroups. In these subgroups, mice were injected 5, 6.25 and 7.5 mg/kg extract respectively. All drugs were injected intraperitoneally. After 20 minutes seizure was induced by pentylenetetrazole (80 mg/kg) and seizure symptoms were evaluated for 20 minutes. Data were analyzed by one- way ANOVA. Our results showed that Artemisia aucheri in 7.5 mg/kg dose decreased initiation time in the 2stage and 5 stage (pArtemisia aucheri increases PTZ induced convulsions in dose dependent manner. It seems that some substances such as sesquiterpene lactones or some monoterpene ketone such as camphor and cineole (through reducing catecholamines release by noncompetitive inhibition of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors) cause this situation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
244 - Morphological and Histological Observations on the Testes of Paradactylodon gorganensis
N. Rezapour H.G. Kami M. Heydari-NasrabadiIn general, the testes in the Hynobiidae Family are slender. In urodela, the testis is organized in lobes increasing throughout the cephalocaudal axis during maturity. The anuran testis is organized in tubules. Spermatogenesis occurs in cysts composed by Sertoli cells e MoreIn general, the testes in the Hynobiidae Family are slender. In urodela, the testis is organized in lobes increasing throughout the cephalocaudal axis during maturity. The anuran testis is organized in tubules. Spermatogenesis occurs in cysts composed by Sertoli cells enveloping germ cells at synchronous stages. Moreover, in numerous species, germ cell progression lasts a year, defining the sexual cycle. Due to the above quoted features, research on factors regulating germ cell progression in amphibians may reach greater insight compared to the mammalian animal models. In the present research, stages in spermatogenesis in Paradactylodon are identified and structurally described for the first time. To this end, 16 specimens of Paradactylodon gorganensis were captured and transferred to laboratory. The species is only found in the Shir-Abad Cave and the stream flowing from it, 60 km east of Gorgan (36 57' N, 55 01' E), in the eastern part of Alborz Mountains, in Golestan Province, northern Iran. After macroscopic analyses and obtaining the testicular fragments, the material was submitted to the histological routine to be included in paraffin and staining with haematoxylin/eosin. Anatomical studies showed that, in this species testis is slender and milk-white; and average length and diameter of active testis were 32.76 mm and 4.77 mm, respectively. Microscopic analyses studies showed that, in this species testis is ampullar and spermatogenesis occurs in cysts developed within seminiferous lobules. Each of these units clusters cells in the same stage of differentiation and with a synchronism development, common characteristic in the amphibians. In the germ tissue, the primary spermatocytes (mean 5.511 ± 0.537 μm) are the biggest spermatogenetic cells. With the cellular differentiation and proliferation, succeeded the other cellular types (spermatogonia, spermatocytes II, spermatids I and II, and spermatozoa) with a cystic organization, that is, groups of cells associated with Sertoli cells, forming the spermatogenetic cysts or spermatocysts. The spermatogenetic lineage cells were differentiated and identified according to the cellular and cystic morphology. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
245 - Studying the therapeutic effect of Oliveria decumbens vent. plant essential oil in the treatment of bladder inflammation caused by Escherichia coli in male Wistar rats
Hossein Antikchi S Mashhady Rafie Negar Panahi کیومرث AminiAntibiotic resistance, especially in Escherichia coli, is one of the most worrying issues worldwide. In addition, the side effects of chemical drugs have led scientists to use natural alternatives with better therapeutic effects and fewer side effects than common treatm MoreAntibiotic resistance, especially in Escherichia coli, is one of the most worrying issues worldwide. In addition, the side effects of chemical drugs have led scientists to use natural alternatives with better therapeutic effects and fewer side effects than common treatments. Therefore, this research has studied the therapeutic effect of Oliveria decumbens plant essential oil in the treatment of inflammation in the bladder caused by Escherichia coli infection in male Wistar rats. The antibacterial properties of the plant extract were investigated using the standard microdilution method against Escherichia coli. Then, to cause cystitis, Escherichia coli bacteria with a concentration of 1.5 x 108 CFU/mL was injected into the bladder of mice, and then different concentrations of the extract and gentamicin were administered to them. Bladder histopathological parameters were evaluated at the end of the study. MIC and MBC of the extract against Escherichia coli were 0.32 μl/ml and 512 μl/ml, respectively. In the infected group without treatment, the infiltration of inflammatory cells and the thickness of the bladder tissue increased significantly, but in the extract-treated groups, especially at higher doses, these parameters decreased significantly (p<0.01). The effect of the extract in reducing the number of bacteria was comparable to gentamicin. In addition, after administration of the extract, inflammation, fibrosis and thickness of the epithelium also decreased in a dose-dependent manner (p<0.01). The results of this research showed that the treatment with the extract of this plant, which was prescribed as an oral supplement or subcutaneous injection, led to a significant decrease in the number of urinary bacteria and improved pathological changes in the studied mice. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
246 - Factors affecting the acceptance of agricultural insurance (Case study: Planting pistachios in rural areas of Abarkouh)
Alireza Estelaji Abraham Fathinia Vahideh Akrami AbarghoeeBecause farmers as part of human economic activity has an essential role in the life and development of communities, including rural communities. Among which pistachios due to its high nutritional value, the demand for international markets, and in accordance with the c MoreBecause farmers as part of human economic activity has an essential role in the life and development of communities, including rural communities. Among which pistachios due to its high nutritional value, the demand for international markets, and in accordance with the climatic conditions of our country should be considered. This article is the purpose of the survey is analytical descriptive approach. In this article is subject to effective factors in acceptance insurance (Case Study: pistachio cultivation in rural areas Abarkouh County) has been paid, and how to collect data on library and field (use of articles, books, theses, organizations of all sizes, soft software, Minitab and SPSS) was investigated using logistic regression. The study population of rural residents Abarkouh County are those who are engaged in the cultivation of pistachios (whether as principal activity or as a secondary activity alongside other jobs or other cultures). The required data using 141 questionnaires were collected through random sampling in the 2015-2016 season. In order to assess the validity of factor analysis and Cronbach's alpha was used to measure the reliability of that amount was determined as 85%. The results show, structures such as pistachio education, product performance, employment, the provision of timely service, satisfaction, compensation, communication with experts and advocates to promote, attend classes and membership positively and acceptance are significant and pistachio crop insurance. The rate of satisfaction of compensation, the structures on insurance adoption among the pistachio pistachio is Abarkuh rural County Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
247 - The effect of drying method on the amount and composition of essential oil of thyme in Polor, Amol city(Case Study)
Behzad Gholam Hosein Zadeh Joseph Niknejad Hormoz Falahamoli Jaber Mehdiniya Afra2Thyme is known to be one in nature due to its medicinal and biological properties. One of the endemic species of this genus is in Iran. The essential oil is a thymol rich source. In this research, in order to investigate the effect of drying method on the amount of esse MoreThyme is known to be one in nature due to its medicinal and biological properties. One of the endemic species of this genus is in Iran. The essential oil is a thymol rich source. In this research, in order to investigate the effect of drying method on the amount of essential oil and type and percentage of Thyme components, these organs were harvested from the village of Pleur in Amol city at the flowering stage. In vestigate the effect of four different drying methods (direct sunlight, shadow, microwaves with 900 and 360 watts) and genetic and ecological conditions on the essential oil content of this plant, samples of the plant were 100% flowering at a height of 10 cm above the surface soil was harvested, and laboratory conditions was examined by a Klevenger apparatus and essential oil combinations by gas mass spectrometry (GC-MS) gas chromatography. According to the results of analysis of variance, traits showed that the highest fresh weight (667.66) and moisture content (11.39) were different, but these differences were not statistically significant. And the highest essential oil content (1.39) and essential oil content (1.23) were obtained from the shade method, which was statistically significant at 1% level, In the study of the effect of different drying methods on the amount of essential oil of thyme, the most essential oils were Thymol (16.56%), Carvacrol (32.39%), Caryophylline (11.55%) of the treatment Microwave drying method with power of 900, Alpha piperone (1.05%), P.symene (12.9%), Gamperpinene (% 44.9), Dry shade method, Borneol (06.06%), Delta-Cadinen (22.3% ) Was obtained by drying with direct sunlight, which was statistically significant at 1% level. The least amount of thymol essential oil, pixeman from microwave drying treatment with 360 volts, carvacrol by drying with direct sunlight, karyophyllin using dry shade and alpha piperone, gamma pepinene, boraneol and deltacadinone from treatment method The microwave was dried up at 900. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
248 - Interactionand drying methods on the height and composition of essential oil of thymeinPolor, Amol city(Case Study)
Behzad GholamHosein Zadeh Joseph Niknejad Hormoz Falah AmoliAmong the most important and most valuable medicinal species that grows mainly in mountainous areas and areas of high botanical family as thyme or Thymus kotschyanusLabyath is, different species belonging to the dark HaY though almost all over the world PrakndhAnd but MoreAmong the most important and most valuable medicinal species that grows mainly in mountainous areas and areas of high botanical family as thyme or Thymus kotschyanusLabyath is, different species belonging to the dark HaY though almost all over the world PrakndhAnd but specifically in the areas of climate and geographical distribution of species MdytranhAy more accumulation in Turkey, Iran, Iraq and the Caucasus have been reported. To evaluate the effect of growth in height and four different drying method (direct sunlight, shade, 900 and 360 watt microwave) and genetic and ecological conditions on the plant are examples of plants at three altitude regions (2100, 2700 and 3300) at 100% flowering with a height of 10 cm from the ground up and in vitro, in essence Klvnjrv essential oil with gas chromatography connected to mass spectrometry (GC-MS) were examined. According to the results of analysis of variance on height and different drying methods showed that SfHayVznTr with (36.667) and the humidity with (39.118) and essential oils (71.1) and oil percentage (26.0) was statistically significant at the one percent level, as well as the drying of essential oils (07.0) at the level of a statistical percentage and oil percentage (03.0) at the level of five percent were statistically significant. The effect of height and different drying methods on the amount of essential oil of thyme showed that most of thymol, carvacrol, alpha-terpinene, followed by Seaman, terpinene, borneol, caryophyllene, and caryophyllene oxide Dltakadynn and at one percent were statistically significant. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
249 - The effect of altitude on the amount and composition of essential oil of thyme inPolor, Amol city (Case Study)
Behzad Gholam Hosein Zadeh Joseph Niknejad Hormoz Falah Amoli Jaber Mehdiniya AfraOne of the valuable plant species that grows mainly in the mountains is called kotschyanus Thymus plant belongs to the family Lamiaceae, species of the family is scattered all over the world and particularly in Mediterranean areas including major crops growing accumulat MoreOne of the valuable plant species that grows mainly in the mountains is called kotschyanus Thymus plant belongs to the family Lamiaceae, species of the family is scattered all over the world and particularly in Mediterranean areas including major crops growing accumulation and mountain thyme is Mediterranean. Including Btanyky characteristics of woody plant, short stature, bulk or herbaceous perennial with a woody base stomach tonic, Nyrvdhndh, anticonvulsants, carminative, anti tussive, sedative, anti-rheumatic, anti bacterial, anti-parasitic and fungal, anti-virus and prevent Cancer is known. Its essence is mainly in the food, pharmaceutical, cosmetic, apiculture and trade has been used and is a strong antimicrobial properties. To investigate the effect of genetic and ecological conditions on the growth height of the plant samples in the area of plant height (2100, 2700 and 3300) at 100% flowering with a height of 10 cm from the ground up and in vitro, the essential oil Klvnjrv with essential oil to gas chromatography connected to mass spectrometry (GC-MS) were examined. According to the results of analysis of variance showed that height on SftHay VznTr with (667.36) and the humidity with (118.39) and essential oils (1/71) and oil percentage (0.26) were statistically significant at the one percent level. The effect of height on the amount of essential oil of thyme showed that most of thymol, carvacrol, alpha-terpinene, followed by Seaman, terpinene, borneol, caryophyllene, and caryophyllene oxide Dltakadynn and statistically significant at the one percent level are. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
250 - Mazandaran and Alborz in shahnameh
Behjat Najibi FiniFerdosi's shahnameh as a based document which represents Iranian patriotism, magnificence, ancientness has more to figJre out for Iranian let alone people all around the world. one of the matters discussed in shahnameh is geographic expansion which shahnameh's resea MoreFerdosi's shahnameh as a based document which represents Iranian patriotism, magnificence, ancientness has more to figJre out for Iranian let alone people all around the world. one of the matters discussed in shahnameh is geographic expansion which shahnameh's researchers have always saught the answer of the question that Mazandaran and Alborz included exactly which geographic region of Iran in Shahnameh as on eternity opus. And whether this d:trict was a part of the country or not. This essay tries to answer these questions by contributing ancient geographic and the works of contemporary scholars. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
251 - A search into the pathology of social classes in Ghaznavid and Seljuq era through the works of Naser Khosrou and Sana’i
Kobra NodehiNo doubt nations throughout the centuries have experienced many ups and downs according to their political, social, cultural and religious states. The holy Koran points to their decline as forth: “And when we wanted to destroy a nation, we command the MoreNo doubt nations throughout the centuries have experienced many ups and downs according to their political, social, cultural and religious states. The holy Koran points to their decline as forth: “And when we wanted to destroy a nation, we command the rich and pleasure seekers (when they disobeyed) and continued debauchery, the God’s absolute order was carried out on them, we shall destroy them” (Asra, 16). Having in mind the meaning of this verse, when a society becomes corrupted, corruption runs into all its classes and social relations and nothing is exempt from its raid. Under such conditions, insecurity emerges in all social institutions and instead of unity and cooperation they stand in opposition and in conflict with each other and certainly won’t have the desired function. It is exactly at this point that the existence of social critics and brilliant thinkers who by giving awareness to different classes of people, point to vices, corruptions and shortcomings in a society play an important role in influencing people at large to react against decadence, bad policies, oppression, and miseries. Criticism and analysis of social classes from Naser Khosrou’s and Sanai’s point of view as brilliant thinkers and critics is the purpose of this article. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
252 - Effect of calcium chloride and thyme essential oils application on some postharvest characteristics of strawberry fruit cv. Selva
Masoume Jannati Vahid Abdossi Masoud Mashhadi Akbar BoujarStrawberry fruit is popular with customers all over the world, and many factors causing the less of the early and reduce its storage life. In this study, the effect of the concentrations 0- 100- 200- 300 µl/l of T. vulgaris and T. kotschyanus and CaCl2 solution co MoreStrawberry fruit is popular with customers all over the world, and many factors causing the less of the early and reduce its storage life. In this study, the effect of the concentrations 0- 100- 200- 300 µl/l of T. vulgaris and T. kotschyanus and CaCl2 solution concentrations 0- 100- 200- 300 mg/L was tested on some characteristics of postharvest strawberry fruit. Traits include the amount of TSS, ascorbic acid, anthocyanin, soluble sugars, activity of PPO and GR enzyme. The results showed that 300µl/L of T. vulgaris compared to other treatments of TSS, ascorbic acid, anthocyanin, soluble sugars have significant effects on the level of 5%, and concentration of 200 µl/l T. kotschyanus compared to the other treatments reduced activity of PPO enzyme and increased of activity of GR enzyme and had a significant effect on the level of 5%. Concentration of 300 µl/l T. vulgaris compared with the other concentrations improve the traits measured. Since different active ingredients and essential oils due to its antifungal properties to reduce corruption and increase the storage life of the strawberry crop. The result can increase the shelf life of fruits compared to control fruits. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
253 - The Study on the effect of tobacco, harmel and thymus Plants on Varroa, a honey bee parasite
Abdol Ahad Shaddel Telli Naser Maheri Sis Abolfazl Aghajanzadeh Golshani Abolfazl Asadi Dizaji Ali Reza Ahmadzadeh Varroa is one of the most dangerous honey bee parasites, which causes serious damages to the bee industry. By now, various herbal and chemical drugs had been used against the parasite. In this research, the effect of 7 treatments including: tobacco, h More Varroa is one of the most dangerous honey bee parasites, which causes serious damages to the bee industry. By now, various herbal and chemical drugs had been used against the parasite. In this research, the effect of 7 treatments including: tobacco, harmel and, thyme extracts, tobacco, harmel and thymus smokes and a control were studied on Varroa in 21 honey bee colonies as a completely randomized design (CRD) at three replications. The rate of hive contamination to Varroa at the beginning and end of the experiment and daily rate of varroa and worker bee mortality were recorded. There was no significant difference between experimental hives in view point of contamination toVarroa, at the beginning of the study. However, significant dissimilarity was found out among treatments at the end of experimental period. Mortality rate of Varroa in different days and the whole period of the study was significantly different in treatments. Results revealed that tobacco and harmel extracts caused the most Varroa and honey bee mortality, respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
254 - Identification of morphological traits effective in essential oils quantity of Oliveria decombens L. in agricultural conditions.
Seyyed Mohammad Hosein Ale Omrani Nejad Ali Rezvani AghdamIn order to investigate the relationship between morphological traits and the percentage of essential oil and its components in Lal Kohistan (Oliveria decombens L.) populations, this research was conducted in 2018 in the research farm of Shahid Beheshti Dezful Company i MoreIn order to investigate the relationship between morphological traits and the percentage of essential oil and its components in Lal Kohistan (Oliveria decombens L.) populations, this research was conducted in 2018 in the research farm of Shahid Beheshti Dezful Company in the form of a randomized complete block experimental design with 3 replications. In the spring of 2019, 5 plants from each plot were collected in full flowering stage and 19 quantitative traits were evaluated. Characteristics of stem diameter, shoot diameter, leaf length and width by diameter gauge or caliper, plant height characteristics, internode length, stem leaf width and length using a ruler and weight measurements using a digital scale with an accuracy of one The hundredth gram was done. Also, the amount of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and the ratio of chlorophyll a to b were measured using the fresh leaves of the plant using the Arnone method. After drying the samples in the shade, the ratio of dry to wet weight of 100 cheetahs was obtained. In order to calculate the percentage of essential oil, 50 grams of dried flower of each sample was randomly selected and after grinding, it was poured into a one-liter flask and 300 milliliters of water was added to it. Then, for 4 hours continuously, essential oil extraction was done using the method of distillation with water by Cloninger machine, according to the pharmacopoeia. Then the obtained essential oil was carefully weighed and the percentage of essential oil was calculated based on the dry flower weight of each sample. The measurement of essential oil compounds was done using gas chromatography with mass spectrometer (GC_Mass) and gas chromatography (GC) in the laboratory of Jihad University Medicinal Plants Research Institute. Comparison of Tukey means of traits, determination of simple Pearson correlation coefficients, decomposition into principal components using Varimax rotation method, cluster analysis using Euclidean distance coefficient using Ward method and multivariate or multiple regression test using stepwise method. The step was performed by Minitab software version 18. The results indicated the presence of significant diversity among the populations in terms of morphological and phytochemical traits. Factor analysis of phytochemical traits showed that myristicin, thymol, and carvacrol had the highest factor loadings in the first, second, and third components, respectively, and cluster analysis, based on this, divided the studied populations into 5 independent groups. Divided. The appearance characteristics of the plant have the greatest effect on the biosynthesis of the chemical compounds of the plant. Correlation results and regression equations showed that the characteristics of the number of stipules per plant, dry and wet weight of 100 stipules played the greatest effect on the yield of essential oil and its dominant compounds in a correlation model. Considering the indiscriminate harvesting of this plant in recent years from natural habitats and its lack of cultivation in agricultural conditions, it seems that the use of correlation coefficients and multivariate statistical analyzes of morphological traits are effective in essential oil production. , can be a strategic measure in identifying effective external markers in the process of breeding and selecting superior populations. Manuscript profile
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