The effect of catmint, tobacco and thyme extracts on Sclerotinia sclerotiorum causal agent of tobacco collar rot

Subject Areas : دو فصلنامه تحقیقات بیماریهای گیاهی

سید افشین سجادی ¹ (مربی پژوهش، بخش گیاه‌پزشکی مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش تیرتاش، تیرتاش، بهشهر، ایران.)
محمدعلی مختاری ² (دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد، گروه گیاه‌پزشکی، واحد گرگان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، گرگان، ایران.)
عبدالقیوم ابراهیمی ³ (استاد، گروه گیاه‌پزشکی، واحد گرگان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، گرگان، ایران.)

Received: 2016-08-21 Accepted : 2017-04-03 Published : 2017-11-22

Keywords: Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, extracts of catmint, tobacco and thyme, tobacco collar rot,

Abstract :

Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is an important phytopathogen causing tobacco collar rot which distributed worldwide and can impose high yield losses in tobacco growing countries. The disease management is possible by use of fungicides, resistant cultivars, biological control and use of plant extracts and essential oils. Crude extracts of catmint (Nepeta cataria), tobacco (Nicotiana tabaccum) and thyme (Thymus pubescens) were prepared by water, acetone, hexane, ethanol and methanol with concentrations of 1000 and 2000 ppm. The effect of those extracts against the fungus was examined in vitro in a factorial experiment based on completely randomized design with three replications. Minimal inhibitory concentration of extracts was determined by agar diffusion method. Crude extracts of tobacco, catmint and thyme had remarkable antifungal activity. Hexane, ethanol and methanol were the best solvents to extract antifungal compounds. Minimal inhibitory concentration of hexane, ethanol and methanol extracts of catmint, tobacco and thyme were 1 mg/ml as tested on the fungus. The most important components of extracts of catmint were menthanol, menthol, sailen, thymol, pipertenone, nonenal, carvacrol, camphor and limonene; in extracts of tobacco, globulol, phytol, nicotine, sailen, imidazole, limonene and thunbergol; and in extracts of thyme, thymol, anethole trans, sailen, carvacrol, imidazole and nonenal. Therefore, extracts of catmint, tobacco and thyme can be considered as natural fungicides for control of causal agent of tobacco collar rot.

References:

 

1. Abad LR, D'Urzo MP, Liu D, Narasimban ML, Reuveni, M, Zhu JK, Niu, X, Singh NK, Hasegawa PM and Bressan RA. 1996. Antifungal activity of tobacco osmotin has specificity and involves plasma membrane permeabilization. Plant Science 118: 11–23.


2. Abdolmaleki M, Bahraminejad S and Abbasi S. 2011a. Study of antifungal effects of some of plant extracts for four plant pathogen fungi. Medical Plants 38: 148–155.


3. Abdolmaleki M, Bahraminejad S, Salari M, Abbasi S and Panjehkeh N. 2011b. Study of antifungal effect Mentha piperita L. on plant pathogen fungi. Medical Plants 38: 26–34.


4. Abdulaziz A, Al-Askar, Y and Rashad M. 2010. Efficacy of some plant extracts against Rhizoctonia solani on Pea. Journal of Plant Protection Research 50: 239–243.


5. Adams R P. 1995. Identification of essential oil components by gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy. Carol Stream: Allured Publishing. 404 p.


6. Alam A, Tripathi A, Vats S, Behera K K and Sharma V. 2011. In vitro antifungal efficacies of aqueous extract of Dumortiera hirsuta (Swaegr.) Nees against sporulation and growth of postharvest phytopathogenic fungi. Archive for Bryology 103: 1–9.


7. Al-Rahmah N, Mostafa A and Abdel-Megeed A. 2011. Antifungal and antiaflatoxigenic activities of some plant extracts. African Journal of Microbiology Research 5: 1342–1348.


8. Amadioha A C. 2000. Controlling rice blast in vitro and in vivo with extracts of Azadirachta indica. Crop Protection 19: 287–290.


9. Anil Sehajpal S and Parminder K. 2009. Evaluation of plant extracts against Rhizoctonia solani causing sheath blight of rice. The Journal of Plant Protection Sciences 1: 25–30


10. Anonymous. 2012. Statistical repertoire of Iranian Tobacco Company. 52 p. (In Persian)


11. Azimi A A, Delnavaz H B and Mansour G A. 2006. Antifungal effect of aqueous alcoholic and phenolic extracts of seed and leaves of Sorghum bicolour against Fusarium solani, Fusarium poa. Medical Plant 6: 26–32. (in Persian)


12. Bahraminejad S, Abbasi S and Fazlali M. 2011. In vitro antifungal activity of 63 Iranian plant species against three different plant pathogenic fungi. African Journal of Biotechnology 10: 16193–16201.


13. Burt S. 2004. Essential oils: their antimicrobial properties and potential applications in foods- a review. International Journal of Food Microbiology 94: 223–253.


14. Dissanayake MLMC and Kumari WKMT. 2012. Efficacy of various plant extracts to control Fusarium wilt of Polyscias balfouriana variety Marginata, Asian Journal of Experimental Biological Science 3: 129–135.


15. Foroughi M, Mohammadi S and Ghasemi A. 2013. Antifungal activity of five medical herbs on the plant pathogenic fungus Rhizoctonia solani. Journal of Microbial World 5: 115–121.


16. Gupta SK and Tripathi SC. 2011. Fungitoxic activity of Solanum torvum against Fusarium sacchari. Plant Protection Science 47: 83–91.


17. Hasanzadeh N. 2005. Technological implication of natural products in plant diseases management with special emphasis on fire-blight. Agriculture Science 1: 53–68.


18. Kohn L M. 1979. De limitation of economically important plant pathogenic Sclerotinia species. Phytopathology 69: 881–886.


19. Lucas G B. 1975. Disease of Tobacco, 3^rd edition, Biological consulting Associates. Releight: North Carolina. 621 p.


20. Mahboubi M, Feizabadi MM, Haghi K and Hossini H. 2007. Antimicrobial activity and chemical metabolites' of essential oil from Oliveria decumbens Vent. Iranian Journal of Medical and Aromatic Plants 24: 56–65 (In Persian).


21. Marchetti O, Moreillon P, Glauser P, Bille J and Stanglard D. 2000. Potent synergism of the combination of fluconazole and cyclosporine in Candida albicans. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 44: 2373–2381.


22. Obongoya B O, Wagai S O and Odhiambo G. 2010. Phytotoxic effect of selected crude plant extracts on soil-borne fungi of common bean. African Crop Science Journal 18: 15–22.


23. Pirajno G, Scarito G and Salamone A. 2004. Fungistatic activity of essential oils of Laurus nobilis, Mentha piperita, and Ruta graveolens against Rhizoctonia solani Kunn and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (L) De Bary. Journal of plant pathology 84(4): 329.


24. Plotto A, Roberts D and Roberts R G. 2003. Evaluation of plant essential oils as natural postharvest disease control of Tomato (Lycopersicon Esculentum). Acta Horticulturae 628: 737–745.


25. Sajjadi A and Assemi H. 2012. Evaluation of Trichoderma isolates for biocontrol of tobacco collar sclerotinia rot in golestan province. Iranian Journal of Applied plant protection 1: 73–84.


26. Sajjadi A, Assemi H, Najafi, M R and Moradi Gh R. 2014. Study on effect of some plant extracts on tobacco of soilborne pathogen fungi. Annual Report Tirtash Research and Education Center: 149–170.


27. Shariff N, Sudarshana M S, Umesha S and Hariprasad P. 2006. Antimicrobial activity of Rauvolfia tetraphylla and Physalis minima leaf and callus extracts. African Journal of Biotechnology 5: 946–950.


28. Suleiman M N. 2011. Antifungal properties of leaf extract of neem and tobacco on three fungal pathogens of tomato (Lycopersicon Esculentum Mill). Advances in Applied Science Research 2: 217–220.


29. Yanar Y, Gokce A, Kadioglu I, Cam H and Whalon M. 2011. In vitro antifungal evaluation of various plant extracts against early blight disease (Alternaria solani) of potato. African Journal of Biotechnology 10: 8291–8295.