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Open Access Article
1 - Laser ablation produced graphene/MOF-5 nanocomposite: antibacterial properties
Negar Motakef-Kazemi Fereydoon Ataei Davoud Dorranian -
Open Access Article
2 - Dynamics of a low-threshold optically pumped organic vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser
Mohammad Reza Shayesteh Ghafar Darvish -
Open Access Article
3 - Evaluation of the effect of polyamines and organic acids treatment on the nutritional value of button mushroom (Agaricus bisporus)
Sara Motamedi Forogh Mortazaeinejad Vahid Abdossi Davood Naderi -
Open Access Article
4 - Evaluation of the impact of selenium-enrichment and some organic matter on morphophysiological and essential oil in Anethum graveolens L.
Parviz Samavatipour Vahid Abdossi Reza Salehi Saeed Samavat Alireza Ladan Moghadam -
Open Access Article
5 - Designing a Green Marketing Development Model for Organic Products
omid mohammadi ali pirzad Seyed Najmeddin MousaviEnvironmentally friendly marketing, which is emerging due to increasing environmental concerns and awareness, has been hailed as a popular advertising strategy In addition, in order to gain a better understanding of a particular nation's environmental movement, it is im MoreEnvironmentally friendly marketing, which is emerging due to increasing environmental concerns and awareness, has been hailed as a popular advertising strategy In addition, in order to gain a better understanding of a particular nation's environmental movement, it is important to experiment how that consumers view environmental issues and, consequently, how they behave. The aim of this study was to design a green marketing development model for organic products of live Nature Company with the brand (Cinere) in Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Provinces. The research method was based on the applied purpose and was been qualitative in terms of data collection. The statistical population in the qualitative section were marketing experts. Experts were identified by targeted sampling and snowball sampling, which according to the adequacy of the data, a total of 10 experts were interviewed. Interviews were used to collect data. Ground data theory approach was used to analyze the data. The results confirmed that clean label, environmental concern, green advertising, green packaging and green price have an impact on customers' environmental behavior. In the quantitative part of the statistical population of the research, the sellers of stores in Kohgoluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad provinces with an appropriate level of sales of Cinere products that were 40 people, that all of whom were evaluated. The analysis of the findings was performed using the structural equation method and the results showed that the environmental concern was 0.807, green packaging was 0.804, green advertising was 0.90, green price was 0.79 and clean label was 0.29 that affects consumer behavior. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - A Study on the Antibacterial Activity of Lactic Acid Bacteria Isolated from Traditional Iranian Milk Samples
P. Taheri N. Samadi M. R. Khoshayand M. R. Fazeli H. Jamalifar M.R. Ehsani -
Open Access Article
7 - The potential of compost-based organic nano-adsorbent (Compost/Fe3O4NPs) for contaminated soil remediation
laleh Ghafghazi Lobat Taghavi Behnam Rasekh Hadi Farahani Amir hesam HassaniOne of the most important emerging pollutants in human health, food safety, and environmental protection challenges is phthalate esters. Among these, the contamination of agricultural soils with the endocrine-disrupting chemical Di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) has be MoreOne of the most important emerging pollutants in human health, food safety, and environmental protection challenges is phthalate esters. Among these, the contamination of agricultural soils with the endocrine-disrupting chemical Di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) has been confirmed globally. In this research, the DEHP-absorption potential of compost enriched with Fe3O4 NPs was identified. The effects of the sorbent dose in the range of 2–5 g.L-1, 3–11 pH, and DEHP concentration at 5–10 mg.L-1 on absorption efficiency (%) were optimized via response surface methodology in design expert software. The kinetic equilibrium experiment results showed a two-step process, requiring 6 hours of equilibrium time for the exothermic adsorption process at 25ºC. The adsorption process of DEHP fitted best to the pseudo-second-order kinetic (R2 = 0.9932) and the linear form of the Freundlich isotherm models. In the central composite design, the significant quadratic model was validated and used to predict the interaction of variables (P-value <0.0001, adjusted R2 = 0.9753). The optimum conditions of absorption efficiency (74.173%) were obtained at a sorbent dosage of 4.157 g.L-1, pH 5.85, and a DEHP concentration of 4.88 mg.L-1 with a desirability of 0.987. The comparison of FTIR absorption spectra confirmed the active participation of O-H bands (functional groups of phenol, alcohol, and carboxyl) and primary amine (N-H) in the DEHP absorption through interaction with the oxygen atom of the phthalate ester group (C=O). As a result of its successful and acceptable efficiency, using compost/Fe3O4 NP absorbent based on organic wastes is a low-cost and eco-friendly technique for DEHP removal from sensitive ecosystems and also to improve the efficiency of bioremediation in agricultural soils amended by compost. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - The Effect of Canopy Composition on Soil Properties in Pure and Mixed Stands of Beech (Case Study: Aland Forest -Sari)
Azadeh Asghari Sorkhi Seyed Mohammad Hojjati Hamid Jalilvand Meysam MojarabiThis study investigated the influence of closed canopy and canopy gap on soil properties in a pure and mixed beech forest in Alandan forest - Sari. Soil samples were taken from four positions listed in two depths of 0-10 cm and 10-20 cm. Totally 32 soil samples and MoreThis study investigated the influence of closed canopy and canopy gap on soil properties in a pure and mixed beech forest in Alandan forest - Sari. Soil samples were taken from four positions listed in two depths of 0-10 cm and 10-20 cm. Totally 32 soil samples and 16 organic layer samples were taken and transported to the laboratory. Soil texture, pH, EC, bulk density, soil moisture content, organic carbon, total nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium of mineral soil as well as pH, moisture content, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium of organic layer were measured in laboratory. Results showed that the electrical conductivity of the soil at a depth of 10-20 cm in gaps of pure stand was significantly lower than that of gaps and closed canopy of mixed stand. The gap in pure stand showed significantly lowest percentage of organic carbon. Total N was significantly lower in the gap position comparing with the closed canopy within the pure stand. Difference was significant in the case of Carbon to nitrogen ratio in the second soil depth between gaps and closed canopy in both stands. Soil available K was significantly greater in mixed stand compared to pure one. None of soil properties showed significant differences in depth of 0-10 cm between the various positions in both stands. Relative humidity showed significantly higher percentages in both organic and mineral soil layers in pure compared to mixed stands. The findings suggested that canopy compositions are significantly able to influence some properties of soil n organic and mineral layers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - Organic Light Emitting Diode Displays: Enabling the Next Generation of Electronics
Ali Mahmoudloo -
Open Access Article
10 - Investigation the Dependence of Mobility on Carrier Concentration and Temperature in Organic Semiconductors
Ali Mahmoudloo -
Open Access Article
11 - Synthesis, Characterization, and Crystal Structure Determination of Iron(III) Hetero-ligand Complex Containing Chloride, Dimethyl sulfoxide, pyridine-2, 6-dicarboxylate and Water, [Fe(Pydc)(DMSO)(H2O)Cl]
M. Rafizadeh -
Open Access Article
12 - The Ending of Divine Retribution in Ibn al-Arabi's Mystical Eschatology
H. SiahkuhianThe Constancy of Divine Retribution is an important subject inIslamic eschatology. This subject which is related to "the committer ofcardinal sins" has a special place in theological discussions. Ibn-al-Arabi among Islamic thinkers is the only one who belives in DivineR MoreThe Constancy of Divine Retribution is an important subject inIslamic eschatology. This subject which is related to "the committer ofcardinal sins" has a special place in theological discussions. Ibn-al-Arabi among Islamic thinkers is the only one who belives in DivineRetribution no to be perpetual. He holds that Hell is a changeablephenomenon and anunstable affair. According to Ibn-al-Arabi viewpoint, the Divine Retribution finally will be transformed in to DivineGrace and eventually eternal peace(1) In Mechanics, Nature is regarded in the abstract, in the simplest andvaguest form of its idea -- that of externality. (2) Physics: In all thethree portions of mechanical Nature it is quantity and quantity only thatis exhibited. The matter which physics verifies is qualitative orindividual. (3) Organics, where Nature first acquires the character ofsubject, with the power which a subject has of gathering up all its partsor differences under its own control. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - Environmental Monitoring and Assessment of Pollutants in Sports Floors
sahar razzazan bagher morsal Ali Fahiminezhad hooman bahmanpourIntroduction and Objective: Nowadays, environmental quality is considered as one of the important parameters in the management of sports spaces. The presence of environmental pollutants can affect the health and efficiency of athletes.The aim of the research is to measu MoreIntroduction and Objective: Nowadays, environmental quality is considered as one of the important parameters in the management of sports spaces. The presence of environmental pollutants can affect the health and efficiency of athletes.The aim of the research is to measure the elements and toxic compounds in the granular flooring used in the sports facilities of Shahrood city.Method: This research is applied and laboratory method.Heavy elements, monomer, free hydrocarbon and phenolic compounds were measured.To measure the pollutants, ICP-OES model Vista Pro and visible and ultraviolet spectrophotometer model 1240 mini were used.The experiments were repeated three times.Time-weighted average (OEL-TWA) was used to determine the exposure limit.Results: Free isoprene with 3400 ppm and then dioctyl phthalate with 3280 ppm included the highest amount of compounds.The highest amount of the element belonged to the heavy metal tin with 125,000 ppm and copper with 75,280 ppm, respectively.The results showed that there is a big difference between the standard and the permissible limit of pollutants with the numbers obtained from the tests.2 pollutants arsenic and chromium with "confirmed human carcinogenicity" were identified in the structure of polyurethane flooring.Silica was also identified as "pollutants suspected of carcinogenicity in humans".Lead was also identified as a "confirmed animal carcinogen of unknown relevance to humans" and 12 were assessed as "not classifiable as a human carcinogen".Conclusion: Some of the elements and compounds in the structure of sports flooring have a range higher than the standards and permissible limits of exposure, which can affect the health of users and, on the other hand, have the possibility of harming the environment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - Analysis of Factors Affecting the Behavioral Intentions of Organic Crops Technology from the Viewpoint of Agricultural Experts of East Azarbaijan Province
yahya safi sis milad joodi damirchi Mozhdeh MalekiIndicators of growing popularity of organic food products, such as the rapid growth of organic land cultivation and the continuous growth in demand for these products, are increasing. This study aimed to analysis of factors affecting the behavioral intention of organic MoreIndicators of growing popularity of organic food products, such as the rapid growth of organic land cultivation and the continuous growth in demand for these products, are increasing. This study aimed to analysis of factors affecting the behavioral intention of organic crops technology from the perspective of agricultural experts. The statistical population of this study is experts of East Azarbaijan Agricultural Jihad Organization (N = 837). For this statistical population, sample size of 310 was determined using Krejcie and Morgan table and were randomly studied. The data collection tool was a questionnaire. Structural equation modeling technique was used for data analysis. According to field data, there was sufficient evidence to support the significant effect of “organic crops knowledge”, “perceived usefulness” and “perceived risk” on “attitude toward organic crops”. The significant effect of "social justice", "attitude toward organic crops" and "perceived ease of use" on "behavioral intentions of organic crops technology" was also confirmed. . Based on the results, the following recommendations are proposed: more government support, specialized training courses, specialized seminars and targeted debates (especially transgenic agriculture specialists), providing the necessary background for experts to receive courses at abroad, the formation of a committee combining the three sectors of research, education and extension. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - Determination of Effective Components on Consumer Behavior of Healthy and Organic Products Based on BASNEF Model
Hossein Yadavar Parisa PakroohAwareness of attitude, tendency and behavior of consumer are important factors for organic product producer. In this regard, this study aimed to determine the affecting factors on intention of consumer among agricultural students of Tabriz University, Tabriz, Iran. Acco MoreAwareness of attitude, tendency and behavior of consumer are important factors for organic product producer. In this regard, this study aimed to determine the affecting factors on intention of consumer among agricultural students of Tabriz University, Tabriz, Iran. According to the results, lack of information about organic products was the effective factor in regard to attitude component status. Role of family and reference group were the most effective variable for the subjective norms component. In terms of empowering component, knowledge factor and low awareness about organic products were the most important variable. About behavioral intention, respondents were aware of the significance of organic product. In terms of consumer behavior, students have had a positive regard to organic products and accessibility. All components, besides empowering component, were confirmed with relatively high correlation. The effect of subjective norm on behavioral intention and causal relationship between behavioral intention and consumption behavior were significant. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
16 - Paddy rice farmers awareness towards Organic farming in Langrud County
Fatemeh AskariBozayeh Mohammad Sadegh Allahyari Fatollah Keshavarz Maryam ArmandOrganic farming is more knowledge-intensive than input, and requires improving the knowledge of farmers. Langrud is considered as one of the important counties with a share of about 27% of rice production and one of the areas in demand for organic rice cultivation in Gu MoreOrganic farming is more knowledge-intensive than input, and requires improving the knowledge of farmers. Langrud is considered as one of the important counties with a share of about 27% of rice production and one of the areas in demand for organic rice cultivation in Guilan. The purpose of this study was to investigate the awareness of paddy rice farmers in Langrud regarding organic farming.The statistical population was paddy rice farmers in three districts with 500 people in 2018. The sample size was 211 according to the minimum sample size of Bartlett et al. A simple random sampling method was used to select this sample size. Data were collected by questionnaire. Its face and content validity was based on a survey of opinion leaders and experts. The reliability of the measurement tool was performed by a completing a questionnaire from a sample of 30 people outside the original and calculating the Cronbach's alpha coefficients (0/7) .To analyze the data, descriptive statistics, correlation tests and multiple regression were used and analyzed by SPSS22. The results showed that the level of knowledge of 84.8% of the respondents was at a moderate and good level, which indicates the positive tendency of the statistical community to obtain the needed information. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
17 - Barriers and Obstacles of Producing low Input Pistachio: The Case of Dasht Robat District of Sharbabak
Farangis Sadat Hoseini Dana Mehdi NooripoorThe human being has faced new crisis due to inappropriate and indiscriminate use of chemical materials in the process of agricultural production. Organic/ low-input agriculture has developed as a tool to face with upcoming issues and maintain ecological balance toward s MoreThe human being has faced new crisis due to inappropriate and indiscriminate use of chemical materials in the process of agricultural production. Organic/ low-input agriculture has developed as a tool to face with upcoming issues and maintain ecological balance toward sustainability. Thus, current study used a qualitative research method approach to investigate barriers and problems of organic/ low-input pistachio production in Dasht Robat District of Sharbabak County. Interview technique was used for data collection among key informant people who had adequate information about organic/ low-input products identified via snowball sampling. Results of present study showed that barriers of producing low input pistachio production were economic, market, education, application, production, hygiene, management, policy making, culture and participation. The common components were classified in five groups including application, economic, legal, technical and social factors using axial coding. More detailed findings are presented in the body of the paper. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
18 - Designing a model for promoting healthy crop farming behavior in Kermanshah province in Iran
Marzieh Moaref Alireza Poursaid Roya Eshraghi Samani Hamed Chahar soghi aminHealthy or organic products as a solution to healthy human and environment is being considered. In this regard, this Quantitative research is seeking to design a model for promoting healthy crop cultivation among Kermanshah province producers in order to advance the cul MoreHealthy or organic products as a solution to healthy human and environment is being considered. In this regard, this Quantitative research is seeking to design a model for promoting healthy crop cultivation among Kermanshah province producers in order to advance the cultivation of this type of product. By review of the literature and the history of research The variables of the research were identified by using the planned behavioral , Health Beliefs and DOI Models. Using the Descriptive-correlation and structural equation modeling to validate variables promoting healthy crop production. The statistical population of the study consisted of 80304 of beneficiaries in Kermanshah province. A sample of 400 farmers in the province was selected by multistage cluster sampling with proportional assignment from seven cities. 400 researcher-made questionnaires were distributed among users in seven provinces. The data collection period was from 1396 to 1397. Data analysis was performed in descriptive statistics using SPSS version 23 and inferential statistics using SmartPlins version 3. Results from structural equations Showed that the Intention variable has the most impact on behavior and Comparative advantage Behavior, Compatibility, Attitude, Perceived behavioral control, Perceived benefits Threats have a positive and significant effect on the intention and healthy cropping behavior of the product. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
19 - Examining of the Institutional - legal Components of the Organic Products Standardization Process
Soudabe Binaee Hossein shabanali fami Hooshang Iravani Mahnaz MohammadzadehThis research was carried out with the aim of analyzing the institutional and legal components of the system for providing organic standardization services. This study was descriptive-correlation. The statistical population of the research were 250 knowledgeable experts MoreThis research was carried out with the aim of analyzing the institutional and legal components of the system for providing organic standardization services. This study was descriptive-correlation. The statistical population of the research were 250 knowledgeable experts in relation to the production and supply of organic products (organizations such as Agricultural Jihad, Agricultural Engineering Organization, National Iranian Standards Organization and Organic Association of Iran) out of which a sample size of 154 was selected in accordance with Glenn De Esmerald's (2013) sampling table. Sampling technique adopted in this study was random sampling technique. Validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by some experts of organic production and faculty members of Tehran University. The reliability of the main scale of study was assessed by using Cronbach's alpha coefficient . The factor analysis of the institutional-legal component of the organic products standardization system indicated that government's monitoring of the organic production chain was the most effective indicator and the standard of storage and storage of organic products was the most effective indicator of the legal component of the product standardization system. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
20 - Analysis of the role of demographic (age and gender) and psychological factors on consumers' attitudes toward the consumption of organic agricultural products in the city of Orumieh
Morteza Maleki Minbashrazgah hooshmand bagheri garbollagh Fatemeh Mohammadi Mohsen EynaliBecause of consumers Increasing tendency to the subjects of health and environmental issues in recent years, using organic products has been increased And this has led to research on the consumption of organic products. The purpose of this study was to investigate the e MoreBecause of consumers Increasing tendency to the subjects of health and environmental issues in recent years, using organic products has been increased And this has led to research on the consumption of organic products. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of psychological and demographic characteristics on consumers' attitudes towards the consumption of organic products. The present study used a survey method to collect data and a correlation method to analyze the data. The statistical population of the study consists of consumers of organic products (garden products, livestock, dairy, fruits, and vegetables organic) in Urmia. Based on Cochran's formula, 141 people were selected as a sample using a simple random sampling method. The questionnaire-based on the Likert spectrum was used in order to collect information. The validity of convergent and divergent validity was used by Lisrel software, In order to fit the reliability, Cronbach alpha was used and its coefficient for all research structures is more than 0.7. Structural equation modeling was used to analyze the research data. The findings of this research show that the psychological characteristics (materialism, Hedonic, and Uniqueness) have a positive and significant effect on the attitudes of consumers towards the consumption of organic products, and also this positive attitude towards the intention to purchase organic products has a positive and Meaningful. Finally, there was a significant difference between the attitudes of male and female consumers towards the consumption of organic agricultural products, but there was no difference between the attitudes of different age groups. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
21 - Survey of relationship between soil and geology characteristics with drainage density (Case study: four watersheds in Ardebil province)
keivan jafarzadeh khatibani Abolfazl moeini Hasan AhmadiSoil erosion has been known as a serious environmental problem. Drainage density is one of the most important geomorphological parameter that is used as an index for stream situation, rainfall, runoff, infiltration capacity, topography evolution and erosion. With knowle MoreSoil erosion has been known as a serious environmental problem. Drainage density is one of the most important geomorphological parameter that is used as an index for stream situation, rainfall, runoff, infiltration capacity, topography evolution and erosion. With knowledge about the relationship between characteristic basin with drainage density, we can predict the other properties of basin. The aim of this study was survey of relationship between soil and geology characteristics with drainage density. First, basic information was collected and watersheds boundary was found on topography map. Land component and geology map was prepared and in each land component was determined locations for profile. After field checking at determined location dug profiles and determine physicochemical parameters of soils. Drainage density was calculated using ARC GIS software. Finally using Excel 2013 through charting, the relation between soil characteristics with drainage density was determined and correlation of these factors were analyzed using SPSS software. Results showed that the relationship between soil properties and drainage density in formation and land component is significant at 95 percent level. Also results indicated that drainage density is affected by lithology of formation, slope, and some properties of soil such as TNV, silt, organic carbon and coefficient of erosibility. The maximum of drainage density belonged to quaternary formation without proper plant cover and NGM formation ad minimum of drainage density belonged to TUF and lime formation. Therefore, to some extent, with using of drainage density we can predict soil and geology properties. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
22 - Effect of remaining nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers on chemical properties of soil in faba bean- rice cropping system
Abbas Shahdi Kumleh SeyedReza Seyedi Mohammad Rabiee Maryam ForoughiSoil quality shows permanent ability of soil as a vital system as alive vital system in ecosystem under different utilizations. In this regard, indicators of soil quality as evaluation and decision-making criteria are used. This study conducted to investigate the effect MoreSoil quality shows permanent ability of soil as a vital system as alive vital system in ecosystem under different utilizations. In this regard, indicators of soil quality as evaluation and decision-making criteria are used. This study conducted to investigate the effect of remaining fertilizer on chemical properties of soil in faba bean- rice cropping system including first cultivation, rice and second cultivation, faba bean by 15 fertilizer treatments for faba bean in the form of a factorial randomized complete block design with three replications in the field of Rice Research Institute of Iran for years 2012- 2015 (Including two periods of cultivation for rice and three periods of cultivation for faba bean). Experimental factors for faba bean comprised five nitrogen rates (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 kg N. ha-1) from urea and three phosphorus levels (0, 50 and 100 kg P. ha-1) from triple superphosphate fertilizer. Results showed that increasing nitrogen rates reduced soil acidity and electrical conductivity increased. Also faba bean cultivation led to increase in organic carbon percentage (% 2.81), N (% 0.209), P (40.59 ppm) and K (237.69 ppm).The highest soil phosphorus was observed in P100 (42.69 ppm) in rice cultivation. The average yield of two- cycle production of rice was about 2770.95 kg. ha-1. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
23 - Evaluation of Modified biochar and Zeolite Effect on Some Physical and Chemical Properties of loamy Soil
Amir Soltani Mohammadi yazdan khodarahmi Saeed boroomand nasab Abd Ali NasseriThe aim of this study was to investigate the effect of different levels of modified biochar sugarcane bagasse and potassium zeolite as natural and environmentally friendly fertilizers on some physical and chemical properties of soil in a completely randomized design wit MoreThe aim of this study was to investigate the effect of different levels of modified biochar sugarcane bagasse and potassium zeolite as natural and environmentally friendly fertilizers on some physical and chemical properties of soil in a completely randomized design with four replications for three months per year 2018 was conducted at the Faculty of Water Engineering, Shahid Chamran University of Ahwaz. The levels of biochar and zeolite use included three levels of 0, 2 and 5 grams per kg of soil (0, 0.2 and 0.5 wt%).The results showed that the 2 and 5 grams biochar per kg of soil increased the total porosity by 3.7% and 9.2% respectively, 9.6% and 19% moisture content of crop capacity, 1 and 1.5% moisture content of wilting point, 9.8% and 21.3% organic carbon, 9% and 18% of absorbable phosphorus, 8% and 22% of nitrogen, 6.5% and 27.9% of electrical conductivity , 3.3% and 8% respectively of bulk density and 0.26% 0.92 percent soil acidity. The levels of 2 and 5 grams of zeolite per kilogram of soil also increased 2 and 6 percent bulk density, 2.33% and 3.89% specific gravity, 10.1% and 26.5 percent moisture content, 1.1% And 6.3% moisture content of wilting point, 0.65 and 1.05% of acidity, 9.1% and 33.5% of electrical conductivity, 0.09% and 3.4% of total porosity, 0.26% and 0.92% respectively Soil acidity was not significant and did not have a significant effect on specific gravity, organic carbon, absorbable phosphorus and soil nitrogen. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
24 - Effect of vermicompost on Phosphorus adsorption in calcareous soils compared to other organic amendments
Fatemeh Bagvand Mahboubeh Zarabi Shahriar Mahdavi Mahsa AsarihaOrganic amendments are used in soils, with a goal of improving soil properties such as fertility and nutrition. This study was conducted to evaluate and compare the effect of vermicompost, on the phosphorus (P) isotherm, phosphorous buffering capacity (PBC) and standard MoreOrganic amendments are used in soils, with a goal of improving soil properties such as fertility and nutrition. This study was conducted to evaluate and compare the effect of vermicompost, on the phosphorus (P) isotherm, phosphorous buffering capacity (PBC) and standard phosphorus requirements (SPR) with more commonly used sheep manure, poultry manure and grape waste in five vineyard calcareous soil of Malayer area in Hamadan province. Organic amendments were added to soils at the rate of 2 % and the samples were incubated for one month at 25±2 ᵒC and field capacity. Isotherm experiments in treated and control soils were carried out by concentrations of P ranging from 0 to 200 mg kg-1 of KH2PO4 in the presence of 0.01 M CaCl2. Phosphorus sorption curves were well fitted to the Freundlich and Van-Hay equations. Incorporation of organic amendments increased soils available P, and decreased Kf constant, PBC and SPR in treated soils. The SPR average of control soils were 17.1 mg kg-1, while in treated soils ranged from 9.3 to 14.5 mg kg-1. The PBC average of treated soils, with vermicompost, sheep manure, poultry manure and grape waste decreased 41.0, 37.9, 29.9 and 21.6 % than PBC average of control soils, respectively. The results indicated that conventional soil amendments such as sheep manure and poultry manure in vineyard soil can be replaced with vermicompost, an organic fertilizer with low salinity and natural pH which increases P availability in soil. We suggest further studies on P leaching from vermicompost treated soils. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
25 - Effect of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPRs) on soil chemical properties in a clover- rice cropping system
Abbas Shahdi KumlehOne of the main pillars of sustainable agriculture is the use of biofertilizers in agro-ecosystems to modify and reduce the use of chemical inputs. This study was carried out to investigate the effect of growth promoting bacteria on soil chemical properties in a clover- MoreOne of the main pillars of sustainable agriculture is the use of biofertilizers in agro-ecosystems to modify and reduce the use of chemical inputs. This study was carried out to investigate the effect of growth promoting bacteria on soil chemical properties in a clover- rice cropping system using a factorial experiment with randomized complete blocks having three replications at the research site of Rice Research Institute of Iran, during 2015- 17. Experimental factors for clover included four levels of inoculation with symbiotic bacteria Rhizobium trifolii and four levels of inoculation with non- symbiotic plant growth promoting bacteria. The results showed that clover cultivation led to a significant increase in the percentage of soil organic carbon (1.79%) and nitrogen (0.216%). The Application of non-symbiotic bacteria in clover cultivation caused a significant increase in soil phosphorus in rice cultivation. The highest amount of soil phosphorus was obtained in treatments of Pseudomonas (12.38%) and Azotobacter+ Pseudomonas (11.8 ppm) in rice cultivation. Also, rice cultivation significant reduced available potassium in the second year (121.1 mg/kg) compared to the first year (128.3 mg/kg). According to the overall results of this study, the use of growth promoting bacteria while maintaining and improving the chemical properties of the soil increased the average rice yield in the second year (3250.3 kg/ha). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
26 - Effect of Biochar and Zeolite on Cadmium Uptake in Green bell Pepper (Capsicum Annuum) and Leaching in Saline-alkaline Soil
Nasrin GharahiBackground and Aim: The effect of various biochars and nano-clay on Cd immobilization and uptake by plants has been widely studied, but few studies have focused on the migration of different Cd fractions in saline-alkaline soils. Moreover, the remediation potential of b MoreBackground and Aim: The effect of various biochars and nano-clay on Cd immobilization and uptake by plants has been widely studied, but few studies have focused on the migration of different Cd fractions in saline-alkaline soils. Moreover, the remediation potential of biochar and nano-clay in saline soils polluted with heavy metals is still to be studied. Therefore, it was hypothesized that the Cd movement is influenced by biochar and nano-clay application in soil contaminated with the matter. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of biochar and zeolite on the uptake of cadmium by green bell pepper (Capsicum annuum) and its downward movement in saline-alkaline and cadmium-contaminated soils.Method: The present study was carried out under two soil modification materials including wheat straw biochar (Triticum ( and zeolite nanoparticles at the level of 5 g/kg of cadmium-contaminated soil. The soil was collected at 0 to 30 cm depth from a plain in Sejzi, Esfahan. The soil was air-dried and stones, as well as plant litter, were removed, and then the soil was passed through a 5 mm sieve and prepared for the experiment. The heavy metal contaminated soil was created by placing 500 g air-dried soil into a 2 L glass beaker and mixing it with 250 mL cadmium nitrate (1.2 g Cd, Cd(NO3)2· 4H2O). In the Sejzi plain area, three plots were filled with biochar and zeolite at the level of 5 g/kg of cadmium-contaminated soil. After preparing the contaminated soils, green bell peppers (Capsicum annuum) were planted in them under natural conditions. Results: The results showed that biomass of green bell pepper increased significantly by 79.2% and 18.3% using biochar and zeolite, respectively. The concentration of cadmium in green bell pepper’s fruit in biochar application was reduced by almost 30% compared to both control and soil treatments with zeolite. Cadmium absorbed by green bell pepper stems was about 50% of the total plant cadmium. Application of 5 gr of biochar and zeolite per kg of soil increased 42% and 78% of soil cadmium in topsoil (0-12 cm), respectively, compared to the subsoil.Conclusion: According to the results, it can be stated that green bell pepper can be introduced as a cadmium absorber. The results also show the superiority of zeolite treatment over biochar treatment in reducing contamination transfer to the underlying layers of saline and alkaline soils and the addition of biochar caused a greater increase in green bell pepper biomass compared to zeolite nanoparticles in cadmium-contaminated soil. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
27 - Efficiency of Regression, ANN and ANN-algorithm Genetic Hybrid Models in the Evaluation of Wind Erosion
Shahin Ebrahimi Ali Mohammadi Torkashvand Mehrdad Esfandiari Abbas AhmadiBackground and Aim: Wind erosion has occurred in a large part of Iran, which has caused land degradation and reduced fertility along with environmental effects. Identifying erosion-sensitive areas can help natural resource and environmental managers in soil conser MoreBackground and Aim: Wind erosion has occurred in a large part of Iran, which has caused land degradation and reduced fertility along with environmental effects. Identifying erosion-sensitive areas can help natural resource and environmental managers in soil conservation planning.Methods:This study is a step to estimate the erodible component of soil against the wind (EF) from soil accessibility characteristics in Allahabad plain located in the east of Qazvin province. For this purpose, the soil erodibility component, which is closely related to soil erosion versus wind, using multivariate regression (MLR), artificial neural network (ANN), and artificial neural network with genetic algorithm for weight optimization (GA-ANN) were estimated using accessible characteristics. Regarding soil map, soil differences, and environmental characteristics of Allahabad plain, 103 soil samples were collected according to a stratified random pattern of 10 cm of soil surface. In soil samples, some soil properties were measured as inputs of models for estimating erodible soil components against the wind. The inputs of each model included pH, ECe, CCE, SAR, bulk density, sand particles, silt and clay, coarse soil particles with a diameter of more than 2 mm, and organic matter. Accuracy and reliability of the results of the created models were compared with each other according to the criteria of coefficient of determination, square of error, Morgan-Granger-Newbold and Akaike information criterion.Results: Based on data, the highest correlation between soil erodible fraction to wind erosion (EF) was observed with soil clay content (r = -0.789). Also, soil erodible components showed a correlation with other soil properties including pH, electrical conductivity, SAR, organic matter, and the should be omitted density. This correlation was significant with three properties of SAR, organic matter, and clay at a should be added 1% level. The models created by the three methods were much more capable of predicting EF in the test data series than the training series data. The results also showed that the neural network model had a should be omitted more accuracy and less estimation error compared to hybrid and regression models. The results of sensitivity analysis of the models also showed that the highest sensitivity of the model to input variables in the ANN model, related to organic matter and SAR, respectively, and in the model GA-ANN was related to soil clay content variable.Conclusion: According to the results, R2 in the regression model of training data was more than 50% in estimating EF, but this value (R2 = 0.56) is not reliable. According to the test data, all three models, including regression, artificial neural network, and its combination with genetic algorithm had not been efficient enough in estimating EF, so that can be omitted the highest R2 in the neural network model in the test data (R2 = 0.43) had an accuracy of less than 50% in estimating the EF, which cannot be an appropriate accuracy in predicting EF. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
28 - Modeling Soil Organic Matter Distribution Using Remote Sensing and Random Forest Model and Kriging in Lenjan County
Fatemeh Shiranitabar Mozhgan Ahmadi NadoushanBackground and Aim: Soil is one of the most important natural resources that provides more than 97% of human food needs. Soil organic matter (SOM) is an important soil quality factor that greatly affects soil’s physical, chemical, and biological properties. Modeli MoreBackground and Aim: Soil is one of the most important natural resources that provides more than 97% of human food needs. Soil organic matter (SOM) is an important soil quality factor that greatly affects soil’s physical, chemical, and biological properties. Modeling and mapping of soil properties are critical in many environmental, climatic, ecological, and hydrological applications. The main objective of this study is to model the distribution of soil organic matter and organic carbon using satellite images and random forest and kriging models in Lenjan County.Method: In this study, digital maps of four main soil parameters including soil organic carbon, soil organic matter, electrical conductivity, and pH are prepared using random forest and Kriging methods in Lenjan County. Based on homogeneous land units, a total of 110 points in the study area are determined, and in these points, samples are taken from a depth of 0 to 30 cm of soil surface. Sampling is done in July 2021 and Sentinel-2 satellite images are acquired from the same month because better information is available this month due to fewer clouds and increased direct reflection from the soil surface. In addition, 16 environmental variables affecting the distribution of soil parameters are used. Various auxiliary variables such as NDVI, NDWI, DEM, and Slope are used for prediction, which are all directly or indirectly extracted from satellite images.Results: The maps obtained by the random forest method showed more accuracy than the kriging method. The zoning map prepared using the random forest method displays much more details than the map prepared by kriging method. The output of the random forest model with the combination of different auxiliary variables showed values equal to 0.312, 0.54, 0.73 and 0.16 of the modeling error for soil organic carbon, organic matter, electrical conductivity and pH, respectively. In the study area, the maximum values of soil organic carbon and organic matter were observed in urban areas and the highest values of electrical conductivity and pH were observed in agricultural lands. The most important variables affecting the spatial distribution of organic carbon and soil organic matter are clay, slope and silt. While in modeling electrical conductivity, silt BI and Aspect and in modeling pH, MNDWI, NDWI and DEM variables are recorded as more important than other variables.Conclusion: In general, this study demonstrates that land use regression models based on random forest method can help mapping soil parameters faster and more efficiently. There is a strong need for efficient and accurate methods, including land use regression, for continuous monitoring of changes in soil quality in different landscapes. Land use regression contributes developing advanced maps of soil quality parameters using cost-effective and accessible spatial information. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
29 - The effect of sawdust and nitrogen on soil quality indices under bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivation
Farzad JaliliThe use of agricultural and industrial wastes as a organic materials are increased. In order to evaluate of the effect of sawdust and nitrogen on soil quality indices under bean cultivation, an experiment was conducted on split plot with RCBD design with three replicati MoreThe use of agricultural and industrial wastes as a organic materials are increased. In order to evaluate of the effect of sawdust and nitrogen on soil quality indices under bean cultivation, an experiment was conducted on split plot with RCBD design with three replications. Sawdust in 4 levels 0, 5, 10 and 15 ton/ha as a main factor and nitrogen fertilizer in 3 levels 75, 150 and 225 kg/ha. and then mixed with soil. In the use of nitrogen,the maximum grain yield was 1302.8 kg/ha were obtained of 225 kg/ha of urea application. In traits of soil properties, sawdust in all traits and nitrogen fertilizer on some traits had meaningful effects. With increasing of sawdust, all of trait increased, but the increasing of traits with increasing of nitrogen showed some of traits. The investigating of rates of sawdust on MWDwet showed the difference between 5 and 10 ton/ha of sawdust was not significant, but by applying of 15 ton/ha difference and was significant. The maximum effect of MWDwet was 0.84 mm were obtained of 15 ton/ha of sawdust, in compared with 10 ton/ ha and control increasing was 100 and 265% respectively. This research indicates that sawdust as an organic conditioner and nitrogen fertilizer improved the quality of soil and the use of this treatments increased porosity, water holding capacity in FC and PWP points and organic carbon. Thus, sawdust can be used as a suitable organic fertilizer to improve the organic matter of soil and unsuitable condition of soil. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
30 - The Effect of Climate Change on SoilOrganic Matter and Biological Activity
Arash Mohammadzadeh Yaser AzimzadehClimate change phenomenon is one of the most important global challenges for mankind in providing sufficient and healthy food for the ever-increasing world population. The leading factors of climate change, such as increasing temperature, changing precipitation patterns MoreClimate change phenomenon is one of the most important global challenges for mankind in providing sufficient and healthy food for the ever-increasing world population. The leading factors of climate change, such as increasing temperature, changing precipitation patterns, and increasing the frequency and intensity of weather events, affect soil characteristics, especially in the ecosystems of arid and semi-arid regions. These changes can directly affect the growth and production of crops. The amount of soil organic matter is one of the most important indicators of soil quality and health, which affects many physical, chemical and biological characteristics of soil and is directly and indirectly affected by climatic factors such as temperature and rainfall. On the other hand, the balance of input and output of organic carbon to the soil is effective on the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere and thus on global warming and the climate change phenomenon. The results of many forecasts show that in arid and semi-arid regions, climate change will lead to an increase in temperature and a decrease in rainfall. Therefore, considering that the amount of organic matter in the soil decreases with the increase in temperature and decrease in humidity, it seems that the phenomenon of climate change will have adverse effects on the amount of soil organic matter and biological activity, and then on the production of crops in arid and semi-arid regions. Therefore, it is very important to use the necessary solutions to mitigate these adverse effects and adapt to the upcoming conditions. Mitigation refers to methods that lead to the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, especially carbon dioxide; But the goal of adaptation is to mitigate the inevitable effects of climate change. Based on the results of various publications, compliance with the principles of the conservation agriculture system is considered one of the most important mitigation and adaptation solutions in dealing with the consequences of climate change in arid and semi-arid regions. Due to the fact that the climate change phenomenon is an inevitable event and its adverse effects and consequences in human life are felt more and more intense day by day, it is necessary for the management of soil resources to have the necessary foresight regarding the results of this phenomenon on the quality of the soil and the potential of producing agricultural products, especially in Arid and semi-arid areas should be considered. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
31 - Interaction of Biochar with Soil Components and its Stability with During Time
Yaser Azimzadeh Arash MohammadzadehBackground and Aim: Biochar is a carbon-rich charcoal material resistant to decomposition, which is produced by heating biomasses in an oxygen-free environment or with limited oxygen. It is used with the aim of increasing organic carbon and improving the physical, chemi MoreBackground and Aim: Biochar is a carbon-rich charcoal material resistant to decomposition, which is produced by heating biomasses in an oxygen-free environment or with limited oxygen. It is used with the aim of increasing organic carbon and improving the physical, chemical and biological characteristics of the soil. Thus its use in the low-fertile soils of hot and dry regions of Iran, which are often deficient in organic carbon, is important. Addition to its high stability in the soil, biochar can sequester atmospheric carbon dioxide in the soil for several hundred to several thousand years. In addition, it can improve soil fertility for a long time by affecting its physical, chemical, and biological properties. The stability of biochar is affected by several factors, such as the characteristics of biochar and soil, the interaction of biochar with soil components and environmental factors, which are examined in this article. Therefore, it is important to use biochar in the soils of arid and semi-arid regions of Iran, which are often deficient in organic carbon.Method: In this review article, while investigating the evidences of the high stability of biochar in the soils, the most effective factors the fate of biochar in the soil, including the mechanisms of biochar removal from the soil, biochar stabilization in the soil, and interactions of biochar with soil components, and the gaps and required research areas are presented.Results: Biochar is higher resistant to degradation than the original carbon compounds in biomass. However, by interacting with soil components, biochar undergoes changes over time and is removed from the soil. The intensity of these changes and biochar residence time in the soil depends a lot on the type of biochar; So, biochars produced from grassy biomass and biochars produced at low temperatures are less stable. In addition, biochar interacts with all soil components, including organic matter, mineral particles, nutrients, living organisms, and soil water and atmosphere, and the result of these interactions determines the stability of biochar in soil. External factors such as the presence of plant and induced root changes, wind and water erosions, leaching, and fire also affect the fate of biochar in the soil. Among these, considering the interactions between microorganisms and biochar in soil, it seems that soil microorganisms play the most important role in the decomposition and destruction of biochar in soil. However, mechanisms such as the entrapment of biochar particles inside aggregates, binding of biochar with organic and inorganic components of soil, and inactivation of soil enzymes by biochar can increase the stability and durability of biochar in soil.Conclusion: Considering the very high stability of biochar in soil and the necessity of increasing soil organic carbon as the main factor of soil fertility factor, the use of biochar in Iranian soils it can directly and indirectly improve the fertility of these soils while increasing soil organic carbon. However, after biochar is added to the soil, it interacts with the soil components and its characteristics change and evolve over time (aging). However, due to the novelty of biochar technology and the wide range of its application fields, our information on its interactions with various soil components, its long-term changes and developments in the soil and environment, and its long-term effects on the soil and the environment are not yet clearly defined and much research is needed in this field. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
32 - Investigation of size distribution of particles and aggregative soil under the effect of using two types of plant residuals
Majid Mahmood AbadiParticle size distribution (PSD) and aggregate stability are two physical properties are important for soil conservation. This study investigates the effect of using different organic matters on the PSD in the wet and dry conditions. The experiment was conduct MoreParticle size distribution (PSD) and aggregate stability are two physical properties are important for soil conservation. This study investigates the effect of using different organic matters on the PSD in the wet and dry conditions. The experiment was conducted in randomized complete design with two plant residue treatments namely (straw stubble and pistachio residue) and three moisture levels namely 0, 1 and 5% water by weight in three replications. In addition, soil PSD was measured in two manners; dry (DPSD) and wet (WPSD). The results showed that the above treatments had different influences on the PSD, depending on the type and amounts of added plant residue and large aggregates used. For the DPSD, median sizes of aggregates in control, straw stubble (1 %w), pistachio residue (1 %w), straw stubble (5 %w) and pistachio residue (5 %w) were 0.228, 0.250, 0.227, 0.394 and 0.294 mm, respectively. In comparison to the results of DPSD relative to wet most frequent practices shifted from 0.125-0.25 mm particles to smaller than 0.125 mm. This finding indicated that the DPSD and WPSD do not follow the same trend. In addition, study of the WPSD indicated that addition of organic matters, aggregation improved and as a result larger aggregates were formed. It was also determined that application of different organic residues resulted in different amount of aggregation so that this effect was more pronounced in some sizes of aggregates. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
33 - Effect of rice straw on surface runoff and soil loss in small plots
Seyed Hamid reza Sadeghi Ehsan Sharifi Moghadam Leila GholamiSoil erosion is one of the most challenging issues in optimal conservation of soil and water resources. Land surface cover affects runoff production and soil loss processes. Nowadays, miscellaneous amendments and conditioners are being applied to conserve water and soil MoreSoil erosion is one of the most challenging issues in optimal conservation of soil and water resources. Land surface cover affects runoff production and soil loss processes. Nowadays, miscellaneous amendments and conditioners are being applied to conserve water and soil worldwide. However, the role of environmentally friend and available organic amendments have been rarely considered. This study was therefore taken place in order to assess the effect of rice straw (0.5 kg m-2) on runoff volume and soil loss on a sandy clay loam placed in three small plots (0.5×0.5×0.3m) with 20% slope steepness using rainfall simulator. The study plots were then subjected to 50 and 90 mm h-1 rainfall intensities for 15 minutes after spreading rice straw on the soil surface. The results showed that the rice straw treatment under 50 and 90 mm h-1 rainfall intensities and in comparison with control plot reducing the runoff about 90% and 96%, respectively. In addition, soil loss was completely controlled in treated plots and under both studied rainfall intensities. All differences were found statistically significant at 1% significancy level. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
34 - Evaluating the Factors Affecting the Consumption of Shiraz Consumers to Benefit from Organic Tomato Product Application of Hackman Two-Step Method
Navid Kargar Dehbidi Habib Ansari SamaniBackground and Objective: Excessive reliance on external inputs such as fertilizers and pesticides and the indiscriminate exploitation of soil and water resources is considered a serious threat to the quality of the environment. In this regard various sciences are looki MoreBackground and Objective: Excessive reliance on external inputs such as fertilizers and pesticides and the indiscriminate exploitation of soil and water resources is considered a serious threat to the quality of the environment. In this regard various sciences are looking farming methods that could be a good alternative to protect human health and the environment. Organic farming is a viable alternative between conventional agricultural systems to safeguard food security in the world in general and in developing countries is specifically mentioned. This study was conducted on the product market organic tomatoes, for this purpose some random questionnaire from the city of Shiraz was collected in 1395. Methods: In this study, Heckman two-stage method is used. Findings: The results show that consumers' willingness to pay around 2442/2 Rial had more than non-organic tomatoes. Variables of gender, age, education, household income and the distance from the place of purchase organic products have had a significant impact on people's willingness to pay. So that other than variables of gender and distance from place of purchase that is negatively correlated with willingness to pay more for organic products, other variables positively correlated with willingness to pay. Discussion and Conclusion: According to the results of this study, it is suggested that in order to better access people to these products, by adopting policies, distribution networks should be further expanded in different urban areas. Also, considering the importance of people's health at all ages, it is necessary to adopt promotional and educational policies to lead the tastes of younger people to consume organic products. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
35 - Utilizing the Principles of Organic Architecture with an Approach the Concept of Iranian Traditional Architectural (The Case of Bazaars and Shopping Centers)
Malihe sharifi Nasibeh SadafiBackground and Objective: In the traditional architecture, buildings had close relationships with the surrounding environment, and intimacy to the nature had deep roots in Iranian’s culture. Traditional Bazaars were one of the most important parts of a city and ha MoreBackground and Objective: In the traditional architecture, buildings had close relationships with the surrounding environment, and intimacy to the nature had deep roots in Iranian’s culture. Traditional Bazaars were one of the most important parts of a city and had great impacts on people's social lives and architecture. Due to the expansion of cities, the concept of bazaar has changed and replaced by distributed spaces called shopping centers. Method: In this study, the shortcomings of the current bazaars, and the effects of traditional architecture and organic concept were examined from the perspective of clients and visitors. Descriptive-analytic survey was conducted and questionnaires were distributed randomly among 272 visitors in Rey bazaar, Tajrish traditional bazaar, Almas shopping center, and Tirazheh shopping mall. To evaluate the hypothesis, the single variable T-test and the F-test were applied. Findings: The results indicate that, synthetizing the concept of organic architecture and Iranian traditional architecture in the current shopping malls could meet the users’ expectation. Results and discussion: Exposing the apparent similarity of the environment and an element is not sufficient for users. So, a special attention is required for the psychological aspects received by the visitors. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
36 - Study of farmers’ knowledge about organic farming (Case study: Vegetable growers in Bavi city, Khuzestan province)
Marzieh mousavi Bahman khosravipourBackground and Objective: In recent decades, the problem of food security and health issues among the populations worldwide jave been one of the main challenges for human societies. In this regard, the necessity of converting the conventional farming to organic farming MoreBackground and Objective: In recent decades, the problem of food security and health issues among the populations worldwide jave been one of the main challenges for human societies. In this regard, the necessity of converting the conventional farming to organic farming was raised. Method: This study was done to investigate the farmers’ knowledge about organic farming in Bavi city, Khuzestan province. The statistical population consisted vegetable growers in Bavi city (N=140) and the statistical sample was determined using the Morgan’s table (n=104). The statistical sample was chosen through simple random sampling technique. The data were collected using a questionnaire whose validity was confirmed by a panel of Agricultural extension and Education experts. Moreover, its reliability was confirmed using the Cronbachs alpha (α=0/96). Finally, the data were analyzed by SPSSwin16. Findings: The results showed that the knowledge of over 62% of the respondents about organic farming is low. There was a significant difference (p=0/01) between farming experience and knowledge about organic farming. Moreover, there was a significant difference (p=0/05) between the size of farmland and the education level and knowledge about organic farming. Results of regression analyses indicates that farming experience and size of farmland were the only variables explaining 24/2% knowledge changes. Discussion and Conclusion: The results showed that farmers' knowledge regarding organic agriculture is low. Althougf the importance of knowledge in adoption and development of a new technology is obvious, lack of information and knowledge has been raised as a limitation and a great obstacle for the development of organic farming. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
37 - Impact of Initial Hydration of Bentonite on Its Plasticity Properties Change in Interaction with Organic Contaminant
Vahidreza Ouhadi Zeinab Aghaei Kambiz BehniaBackground and Objective: The compacted clay liners (CCLs) due to their low permeability and suitable capability for contaminant retention are widely used in engineering waste disposal sites. Generally, the change in properties of soil pore fluid has a very distinguishe MoreBackground and Objective: The compacted clay liners (CCLs) due to their low permeability and suitable capability for contaminant retention are widely used in engineering waste disposal sites. Generally, the change in properties of soil pore fluid has a very distinguished impact on the behaviour of clayey soils. In spite of several researches, which have been performed on the process of clay and organic contaminant interaction, there are few researches on the influence of dielectric constant of organic contaminant and initial hydration of bentonite on the geotechnical and geo-environmental properties of organic contaminated bentonite. Such a process is very common in many industrial and waste disposal projects. Methods: This research was performed on sodium-bentonite soil samples which were exposed to two different organic materials (Ethanol and Acetic Acid) which have different dielectric constant. Furthermore, two different pre-hydration and post-hydration conditions were studied in this research. After achieving equilibrium condition, the influence of initial hydration and change on the dielectric constant of pore fluid upon interaction of organic material and bentonite was investigated. The investigation focuses attention on the plasticity properties of bentonite by the use of Atterberg limit tests. Findings: The achieved results indicate that in Casagrande's plasticity chart, two pre-hydrated sodium-bentonite soil samples which were exposed further to ethanol and acetic acid are classified as CH and shifted from CH to MH, respectively. Discussion and Conclusion: The change on the dielectric constant of pore fluid and different hydration conditions cause a change on the thickness of the double layer of clay fraction of the soil. This causes a noticeable change on the structure and behaviour of clay fraction of the soil sample. This variation on bentonite behaviour has been discussed based on the current available theory of double layer. Furthermore, the theoretical limitation for interpretation of results has been addressed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
38 - Comparative Investigation of Bio and Mineral Absorbents on Water Salinity Reduction
fatemeh shokriyan K. Solaimani Gh. Nematzadeh P. BiparvaBackground and Objective: Available water resources are limited, thus use of saline water can protect water resources and compensated water scarcity. Since saline water cannot be used directly, this study investigated the adsorption capacity of Zeolite, Perlite as miner MoreBackground and Objective: Available water resources are limited, thus use of saline water can protect water resources and compensated water scarcity. Since saline water cannot be used directly, this study investigated the adsorption capacity of Zeolite, Perlite as minerals and rice husk and seashell as bio compounds in water solution. Methods: Particles were classified in five different sizes of 841, 400, 177, 125 and 74 µm which based on ASTM sieves. Sodium chloride solution was prepared in different concentration of 25, 50, 100, 200, 300, 500, 750, 1000, 3000, 5000, 7000 and 10000 ppm. The effects of the sizes, dosage, contact time, rate of mixing with duration of 10, 15, 25, 35, 45, 60 and 120 minutes for the salt removal done with batch experiments in 25oC. In this method the sodium chloride solution with certain amounts of adsorbent put on a shaker device with constant speed of 200 rpm and were mixed at intervals of 10, 15, 25, 35, 45, 60 and 120 minutes. Then the samples in centrifuged with 10000 rpm in 10 minute and the upper solution used for chloride titration. Findings: The effects of different amount of absorbent on salt absorbance showed that for all samples the highest absorbance is related to the range of 2 grams. Among the used sizes of particles, the most efficiency was related to the size of 74 µm in salt absorption. The optimum time of used samples was identified as 25, 15, 25 and 15 min for zeolite, perlite, rice husk and sea shell respectively. Based on isotherm model, perlite and rice husk followed Langmuir model, while zeolite and seashell followed Freundlich. Conclusion: Mineral and bio sorbents in different micron sizes have able to absorb salt ions. Among the use of different adsorbents, zeolite showed highest efficiency to salt adsorption. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
39 - The Effects of Tree Species on Soil Organic Carbon and Soil Properties in Natural Forest and Plantations of Northern Iran (Case study: Darabkola Forest-Sari)
azam soleimani Seyed Mohsen Hosseini Ali Reza Massah Bavani Mostafa Jafari Rosa FrancavigliaBackground and Objective: One of the things that keep us away from sustainable development is the increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide and consequently the rise in global temperature. Forest ecosystems and their optimal management play an important role in reducing atm MoreBackground and Objective: One of the things that keep us away from sustainable development is the increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide and consequently the rise in global temperature. Forest ecosystems and their optimal management play an important role in reducing atmospheric carbon. Method: In this study, the effects of natural forests and four plantations on the soil organic carbon and soil properties in Darab Kola forest were investigated. Soil samples were collected in 2016 from three depths of 0-20, 20-40 and 40-60 cm. Findings: The results of analysis of variance of soil properties showed that there is a significant difference between the land covers and different depths in most of the studied parameters. Also, soil organic carbon storage at 0-60 cm depth from each of the coatings is reduced as follows: cypress> Alder> Natural forest> Oak> Maple. Discussionand Conclusion: Plantation can play an important role in absorbing carbon dioxide. Of course, different factors such as type of tree species, forestry age and depth of soil, habitat conditions and forestry operations can affect carbon sequestration. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
40 - A Survey on Efficiency of Natural Wastewater Treatment Systems and Activated Sludge for Municipal Wastewater Treatment
Reza Shokoohi Abdollah Dargahi Amir KaramiBackground and Objective: Consumption of dissolved oxygen by organic substances in water resources result in undesirable environment for living organisms. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of natural wastewater treatment systems and activated sludge f MoreBackground and Objective: Consumption of dissolved oxygen by organic substances in water resources result in undesirable environment for living organisms. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of natural wastewater treatment systems and activated sludge for municipal wastewater treatment.Methods: This one year-cross-sectional study was conducted on wastewater treatment plants in Kermanshah province. During the study, sampling of raw sewage and effluent of treatment plant was carried out and the efficiency of treatment plant was evaluated by measuring TSS, BOD5 and COD. All the sampling and testing procedures were adopted from the standard method.Findings: The results showed that the annual average of BOD5 in effluent for Wetland, stabilization pond, extended aeration and conventional activated sludge was 55, 25, 21 and 23 mg/l respectively. Also the annual average was 143, 43, 40 and 40 mg/lfor COD, and 47, 101, 40 and 33 mg/l for TSS, respectively. For COD removal the conventional activated sludge (86.97%) and Wetland (61.6%) were the most efficient and least efficient systems. For BOD5 removal the stabilization pond (85.18%) and Wetland (72.01%) were the most efficient and least efficient systems. The BOD5 / COD ratio in influent were respectively 0.56, 0.62, 0.59 and 0.55 in these systems.Discussion and Conclusion: In all of the mentioned wastewater treatment systems, the effluent parameters comply with the Iran environmental protection agency standards and it can be reused or discharged to water bodies. Also it can be concluded that, for above-mentioned parameters the removal efficiency of natural systems was more than activated sludge. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
41 - Using satellite imagery and spectral data to estimate the amount of soil organic carbon in central Zagros forests in Khoozestan
saeede esmizade ahmad landi hamidreza matinfarBackground & Objective: Soil organic carbon (SOC) is one of the most important components of soil physical and chemical properties that prevented soil decay and destruction. The objective of the present study is the evaluation of SOC changes using the remote sensing MoreBackground & Objective: Soil organic carbon (SOC) is one of the most important components of soil physical and chemical properties that prevented soil decay and destruction. The objective of the present study is the evaluation of SOC changes using the remote sensing technique compared with field methods at central Zagros forests in Khoozestan province in Iran over the past 2 decades. Material and Methodology: The soil samples were collected randomly from the soil surface (0-10 cm depth) to estimate the SOC concentrations in the laboratory. Analysis of digital data by using Operational Land Imager (OLI) of satellite Landsat 8 and Enhanced Thematic Mapper (ETM+) sensor of satellite Landsat 7 images in 2016 (the sampling year) was done to estimate surface organic carbon levels of soil. The main objective was to establish soil organic carbon relation with landsat different bands ratios and also herbal and moisture indexes such as NDVI, SAVI, BSCI, NDMI and NSMI corresponding to the SOC values obtained from soil samples of the forest areas in the central Zagros mountain, and for that purpose these data were evaluated using different linear regression methods. Findings: The best fit model of stepwise regression method showed R2 value of 0.435 for landsat 8 and R2 value of 0.501 for landsat 7 and finally based on these results, evaluation of SOC changes occurred in previous years. Discussion and conclusion: Results show the significant relationship between soil organic carbon and the reflectance in the Visible, Near-Infrared and Short-wave Infrared part of the spectrum. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
42 - Laboratory Investigation of Cow Manure and Digested Synergistic with Municipal Organic Solid Waste in Anaerobic Digestion Process for Efficiency Increasing
Leila yousefi Abbas BahriBackground and Objective: Increasing production rate, biogas volume and pressure, methane composition are increased efficiency. The effect of adding a mixture of cow manure (CM) and digested to municipal organic solid waste (MOSW) for increase productivity of process is MoreBackground and Objective: Increasing production rate, biogas volume and pressure, methane composition are increased efficiency. The effect of adding a mixture of cow manure (CM) and digested to municipal organic solid waste (MOSW) for increase productivity of process is considered.Method: Through three steps single MOSW, CM and digested mixing were treated by laboratory setup. Digested and CM mixing effect with MOSW were studied and evaluated by investigating of physical-chemistry properties, feed and digested elemental analysis, and also biogas pressure and volume measuring, AD time and biogas analysis. Findings: Adding mixture of digested and CM with MOSW increases feed dry part and its carbon and nitrogen content. Transformation rate in MOSW co-digestion with digested and CM mixture (3rd step) compare to co-digestion of MOSW with digested (2rd step) and also conversion percent of mentioned quantities derived from 2rd step compare to single digestion of MOSW (1rd step) are increased. Biogas volume and pressure in base on feed mass unit and also biogas relative component, in 3rd step compare to 2rd and also in 2rd step compare to 1rd are increased.Discussion and Conclusion: Digested and CM mixing with MOSW not only contributes in increasing the organic part of the feed, but also collaborates in inoculation in process and increases the methane generation. Biogas volume and pressure and also methane production efficiency are increased. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
43 - Comparison of Inorganic and Organic Adsorbents Based on Biocompatible Polymer in Removal of Water Turbidity
Maryam Khaef Afshar Alihosseini Sayed Amin Mirmohammady Farhad Amanizade FayniBackground and Objective: Decreasing the concentration of colloidal suspended particles, the turbidity factor of water, has always been one of the main goals in the design of water treatment plants. The aim of this study was to compare two types of biocompatible polymer MoreBackground and Objective: Decreasing the concentration of colloidal suspended particles, the turbidity factor of water, has always been one of the main goals in the design of water treatment plants. The aim of this study was to compare two types of biocompatible polymeric and inorganic organic coagulants in removing turbidity in water. Material and Methodology: The experimental samples of Karaj River after the garbage collection stage were carried out in the same amount of water and were in the same condition to identify the best percentage of colloidal particle removal and turbidity. Also for experimental design, data and variance analysis were used Minitab software. Findings: Karaj River water with 85.86 NTU turbidity in different concentration contact with inorganic coagulants (Aluminum sulfate and chloric ferric) and the organic polymeric coagulants (Starch and chitosan medium). The best concentrations of inorganic coagulants as chloric ferric is 6.5 mg/lit and aluminum sulfate is 10mg/lit and for organic polymeric coagulant as: chitosan is 5.2 mg/lit and starch- chitosan medium is 40% of chitosan and 60% starch. Discussion and Conclusion: The results of experimental data are shown that the combination of chitosan-starch has the best performance in removing turbidity from water. So that finally 60%-40% of chitosan and starch had the best percentage of turbidity removal and up to 99% were able to remove the remaining turbidity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
44 - Investigation of soil chemical properties of Ramsar Bineshki forests in the altitude range of 400 to 1700 meters
ahmad barfi hamid payam Mir Mozafar Falah CHaiBackground and Objective: Awareness of the condition of soils in forest areas and the study of the effects of various activities on soil properties is very important and effective in forest management. Soil properties change under the influence of various environmental MoreBackground and Objective: Awareness of the condition of soils in forest areas and the study of the effects of various activities on soil properties is very important and effective in forest management. Soil properties change under the influence of various environmental factors such as altitude. The aim of this study was to investigate soil indices at altitudes of 400 to 1700 meters above sea level in a series of Benshaki forest area in Ramsar city in Mazandaran province. Material and Methodology: For sampling soil variables in each altitude floor, 3 sample plots of 400 square meters at intervals of 100 meters from each other were identified. Findings: Soil samples were taken from 0-10 and 10-30 cm depths. Soil properties measured include sand content, clay content, nitrogen content, potassium content, carbon and organic matter content and soil pH. Discussion and Conclusion: The result of this study showed that the effect of altitude on soil characteristics (percentage of sand, percentage of clay, percentage of nitrogen, potassium, percentage of carbon and organic matter and soil pH) is significant in different altitude classes (P ˂). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
45 - Analytical-comparative analysis of organic architectural works in Iran (Second Pahlavi period)
Alaleh Samir Maryam Cheshme Qassabani Hosein Karim AbadiBackground and Objective: The organic style, influenced by the libertarian movements, which derived from modernism. In order to define libertarianism for the architectural character of its own, this style, specified characteristics, and principles such as nature as a mo MoreBackground and Objective: The organic style, influenced by the libertarian movements, which derived from modernism. In order to define libertarianism for the architectural character of its own, this style, specified characteristics, and principles such as nature as a model, individualism, and nationalism. Despite the importance of this style to date, it has not yet been fully studied in contemporary Iranian architecture. Thus, in this study, the architectural works of organic style in the period - the second Pahlavi - are analyzed to explain the common features. Methods: The present historical research, with an analytical-comparative approach, has used inferential and deductive reasoning. First, the principles of organic style architecture, derived from a comparative study of written evidence and existing documents, were explained as a criterion of measurement. Then, a list of works of organic architecture in Iran was prepared to select samples for analysis by purposive sampling. Finally, the analyzed samples were compared with the principles of organic architecture. Findings: Organic architecture in Iran, in building and landscape design, has been used for various purposes, among which, preserving the potentials of the natural environment and reusing it with minimal human intervention, are in line with the common design theme. Discussion and Conclusion: The results show that the works of organic architecture in Iran in the second Pahlavi period, have able to have common concepts according to the organic style, such as the integration of the artificial environment with the natural environment, which originated from the organic style and has been appeared in these works. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
46 - The effect of Delijan reclaimed wastewater and well water on soil carbon sequestration and growth of hard wood trees
Zia Azdoo fatemeh Ahmadloo gholamreza Goodarzi Ali Farmahini Farahani Hashem KeneshloBackground & Objective: The reclaimed wastewater can be used as tool for compensation of water scarcity and control and reduce harvesting from deep and semi deep wells. Investigation on the effect of irrigation with Delijan reclaimed wastewater and well water for 5 MoreBackground & Objective: The reclaimed wastewater can be used as tool for compensation of water scarcity and control and reduce harvesting from deep and semi deep wells. Investigation on the effect of irrigation with Delijan reclaimed wastewater and well water for 5 years on soil carbon sequestration and growth of 7 hard woods trees species was the purpose of this study.Method: In the present study, seedlings were cultivated after ground preparing as a group at 3 × 3 m. spacing based on a randomized complete block design with three replications in March 2011. For determination of the effect irrigation type on soil carbon sequestration, in the fifth year, soil sampling was taken by drilling at soil five profiles from tree consecutive depths (0-30, 30-60 and 60-90 cm) under the crown of the trees. In evaluating the growth of hardwood tree species at the end of the fifth year, characteristics of height, collar diameter, canopy diameter, canopy cover area, percentage of survival and percentage of vitality were measured.Findings: The results of the study on the amount of soil carbon sequestration in different depths showed that irrigation with reclaimed wastewater increased the organic carbon content of the soil, which it’s the highest content is in the depth of 60-90 cm of soil. Among the species planted, in irrigation with well water, the highest height was in species of Ailanthus altissima and collar diameter, canopy diameter, canopy cover area, and percentage of vitality were in species of Melia azedarach. In irrigation with reclaimed wastewater, there were the highest height in species of Robinia pseudoacacia, diameter of collar in species of Elaeagnus angustifolia, canopy cover diameter and canopy cover area in species of M. azedarach and vitality in two species of M. azedarach and Celtis australis. There were the lowest percentage of survival in species of Acer negundo in both of irrigation system.Discussion and Conclusions: The main effect of irrigation type did not show significant statistical difference. Species of A. negundo was more susceptible to water supply and soil conditions and was not suitable for planting in this area. Species of M. azedarach is the most consistent in the present study. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
47 - Simulation of a combined cycle power plant site with the aim of absorbing carbon dioxide and reducing environmental hazards
ali ebadi alireza saraei hamid mohsenimonfared saeed jafari mehrabadiBackground and objective: CO2 originating from the combustion of fossil fuels will cause the greenhouse effect. Therefore, it is necessary to control it in production cycles, which are one of the most important factors of CO2 emission. In this research, by simulating th MoreBackground and objective: CO2 originating from the combustion of fossil fuels will cause the greenhouse effect. Therefore, it is necessary to control it in production cycles, which are one of the most important factors of CO2 emission. In this research, by simulating the newly invented Allam cycle and creating a hybrid cycle based on Allam, CO2 produced in the Allam cycle is used as the working fluid, and in addition to reducing pollution, waste energy in the Allam cycle is used as an energy supplier. Two cycles of medium temperature and low temperature will be used. Reducing energy loss by creating a new foundation combined cycle will lead to an increase in the LHV efficiency of the power plant and as a result reduce global warming and environmental hazards. Material and Methodology: Using Thermoflow software, the Allam cycle, organic Rankine and also Steam cycle was simulated. Then the mentioned cycles were combined to reduce energy loss and the results were analyzed by Thermoflow and Excel software. Findings: The simulated combined cycle increased LHV by 0.5% Compared with the Allam cycle. considering the energy loss by the components in the Allam cycle, and then creating a combined cycle, the LHV will increase by 0.98%. Discussion and Conclusion: The creation of the combined cycle led to the reduction of energy loss in the system. CO2 produced in the power plant is contained in the system also by examining the environmental conditions of the power plant and increasing the pressure to 1.127 bar, relative humidity of 0.1, and temperature of zero degrees, it will increase the LHV efficiency of the power plant. Increasing power plant efficiency, reducing energy loss and CO2 absorption will all lead to a reduction in global warming and environmental protection. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
48 - Evaluating the Effects of Altruistic Value, Environmental Awareness, and Social Media on Green Purchasing Behavior with the Mediating Role of Normative Goal and Environmental Concern
Fereshteh Mohammadsalehi alireza rousta Majid AhmadiBackground & Objective: Concerns about environmental degradation have increased in the past few decades. In response to these concerns, consumers help preserve the environment by adopting green purchasing behavior and using green products. Environmental issues and e MoreBackground & Objective: Concerns about environmental degradation have increased in the past few decades. In response to these concerns, consumers help preserve the environment by adopting green purchasing behavior and using green products. Environmental issues and environmental protection are one of the most important criteria that consumers should consider when purchasing. The aim of the research is to evaluate the effects of altruistic value, environmental awareness and social media on green purchasing behavior with the mediating role of normative goal and environmental concern. Material and Methodology: This study is considered as an applied research in terms of purpose and survey-descriptive research in terms data collection method. The statistical population of the research is the customers of organic food products in Tehran in 2022. Also, 415 questionnaires were distributed using available sampling method and 387 questionnaires were collected. The reliability of the questionnaire was evaluated by evaluating Cronbach's alpha coefficient, which was 0.919. Validity of the research tool has been confirmed by performing confirmatory factor analysis technique. Structural equation modeling has also been used to analyze the information. Findings: According to the results of research hypotheses, the perceived effectiveness of the customer, social media, environmental awareness, and altruistic value have a significant effect on the normative goal and environmental concern. Also, the role of normative goal and environmental concern on green purchasing behavior has been shown. Discussion and conclusion: From the point of view of customers, the most influential factor on the environmental attitude is the altruistic value variable with the statistic of 13/363 and the least effective factor on the normative goal is the environmental awareness variable with a statistic of 3.521. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
49 - Performance of areation systems (activated sludge) with fixed bed for the treatment of wastewater with high organic load
Amir Hesam Hassani Amir Hossein Javid Ali Torabian Seyed Morteza Hosseinian Amir HayatbakhshThis study was conducted to review the performance of aeration systems (activated sludge) with fixed bed for the treatment of wastewater with high organic load through the use of down flow and up flow aerated reactors. To this end, a plaxy tank with three sections was u MoreThis study was conducted to review the performance of aeration systems (activated sludge) with fixed bed for the treatment of wastewater with high organic load through the use of down flow and up flow aerated reactors. To this end, a plaxy tank with three sections was used; the sections include the down flow aerated reactor, the up flow aerated reactor, and the gravity sedimentation unit. These aerated reactors are equipped with media made of PVC, CROSS FLOW, with a specific surface equal to 81.34 m2/m3. The performance of the system was reviewed through COD concentrations of 500, 1000 and 1500 mg/l and with organic loadings equal to 16.32, 33.36, 50.40, 34.56, 44.64, 101.52, 63.12, 125.28 and 188.40 gr COD/m2.d. At the end of the performance steps of this study, it is shown that (1) with organic loadings equal to 16.32, 33.36 and 50.40 gr COD/m2.d and COD concentrations equal to 500, 1000 and 1500 mg/l, the average quantity percentages of COD removal were equal to 96.11, 87.93 and 69.67 percent, (2) with organic loadings equal to 34.56, 44.64 and 101.52 gr COD/m2.d and COD concentrations equal to 500, 1000 and 1500 mg/l, the average quantity percentages of COD removal were equal to 93.67, 83.67 and 61.67 percent, and (3) with organic loadings equal to 63.12, 125.28 and 188.40 gr COD/m2.d and COD concentrations equal to 500, 1000 and 1500 mg/l, the average quantity percentages of COD removal were equal to 89.17, 77.33 and 52.83 percent. The results show that with organic loadings equal to 34.56, 44.64 and 101.52 gr COD/m2.d, the optimum quantities of COD are removed. With a concentration equal to 1500 mg/l and the COD removal equal to 52.83%, the system can be used effectively for the pretreatment of wastewater with a high organic load. Also the maximum organic loading for the system is determined with organic loading equal to 188.40 gr COD/m2.d and COD concentration equal to 1500 mg/l. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
50 - Effect of retention time and temperature on the efficiency stabilization ponds in treatment of petroleum wastewater
Abdollah Dargahi Meghdad Pirsaheb Mohamadtaghi Savadpoor Mortaza Alighadri Mehrdad FarookhiBiological treatment method is one of the best and most cost-effective methods for the treatment ofcontaminated wastewaters. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of retention time andtemperature on the efficiency of stabilization ponds in removing organi MoreBiological treatment method is one of the best and most cost-effective methods for the treatment ofcontaminated wastewaters. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of retention time andtemperature on the efficiency of stabilization ponds in removing organic compounds, N-NH3 and PO4from oil refinery wastewater.Materials and Methods:The method used in the present study was of an experimental type, in which an anaerobic stabilizationpond with dimensions of 1 × 0.2× 1 m and a laboratory scale facultative pond with the capacity of 400L were designed, set up and operated, using fiberglass sheet with a thickness of 6 mm. In this study,the hydraulic retention time of 2 and 5 days for anaerobic pond and 5 and 10 days for facultative pondwere set in both hot and cold temperatures. Then, N-NH3 and PO4 parameters were measured at thewavelengths of 425 and 690 nm respectively. Also, TCOD, SCOD, TBOD, SBOD and pH of sampleswere measured according to the standard methods for water and wastewater tests.Results and Discussion:These results indicated that the retention time and temperature had a significant effect on theefficiency of stabilization ponds, so that the efficiency of anaerobic and facultative stabilization pondsin the removal of organic compounds was significantly increased with the increase of retention timeand temperature (p<0.05). The maximum removal efficiency for COD, BOD, N-NH3 and PO4 wasobtained to be 93.31, 93.66, 88.15 and 73.17 % respectively (at the retention time of 5 days ofanaerobic and 10 days of facultative and hot temperature), and the minimum removal efficiency for1-Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Khalkhal Medical, Ardabil University ofMedical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran2-Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Kermanshah University ofMedical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran3- Department of Nursing, School of Khalkhal Medical, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran4-Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Ardabil University of MedicalSciences, Ardabil, Iran5- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Alborz University of MedicalSciences, Karaj, IranJ.Env.Sci,TechJ.Env. Sci. Tech., Vol 16, No.2, Summer 2014153the same parameters was obtained to be 41.47, 40.55, 34.26 and 22.46% respectively (at the retentiontime of 2 days of anaerobic and 5 days of facultative and hot temperature). Also, the single algaavailable in the facultative pond was formidiom and it was able to grow in high concentrations ofsulfur.The results of this study showed that the pilot-scale stabilization ponds in hot temperature, if operatedproprly, have the ability to remove organic compounds with a high efficiency. However, in coldweather, its efficiency is low but in acceptable level. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
51 - Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) in the Ambient Air Of Concentration Unit of Sar-Cheshmeh Copper Complex
Ali Faghihi-Zarandi Mohammad Reza AkhgarIntroduction: Air pollutants including gases, vapors and particles, are emitted from different sources. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are the most important pollutants in the ambient air of industries. The present study was carried out to identify and measurement of MoreIntroduction: Air pollutants including gases, vapors and particles, are emitted from different sources. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are the most important pollutants in the ambient air of industries. The present study was carried out to identify and measurement of volatile organic compounds in concentration unit of Sar-Cheshmeh Copper Complex. Material and Methods: In this study, sampling of the volatile organic compounds was done by using activated charcoal tube. To identify and measure these compounds gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy (GC/MS) were used. Results: Thirteen volatile organic compounds were identified in the ambient air of concentration unit. Among these compounds, the mean value and maximum concentration of isopropyl alcohol and nonane were 255, 640 μg/m3 and 1577, 14400 μg/m3, respectively. Conclusion: By using SPSS software and independent sample t- test, showed that there were no significant difference between mean value concentration of isopropyl alcohol and nonane in the ambient air and TLV values of these compounds (isopropyl alcohol; 200 ppm and nonane; 200 ppm) (P >0.05). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
52 - Safe, Economical and Environmental Friendly Disposal, of old and Waste of Energetic Materials by Alkaline Hydrolysis Method of Organic Fertilizers in Industrial Scale
Amin Hosseini Mohammad Mahmudy SaberIn this paper a suitable method for safe, economical and environmentally compatible disposal of "old and waste of energetic materials" in valuable organic fertilizers is introduced. The basis of this method is hydrolysis of energetic materials in presence of Humic acid, MoreIn this paper a suitable method for safe, economical and environmentally compatible disposal of "old and waste of energetic materials" in valuable organic fertilizers is introduced. The basis of this method is hydrolysis of energetic materials in presence of Humic acid, under suitable alkaline conditions in which the bonds of energetic materials are disintegrated and its Nitrogen content is converted into the forms of Nitrite, Nitrate Ions or Ammonia and are absorbed by Humic acid. The remained materials containing carbon of process are converted to inert materials and are trapped in Humic acid matrix. Following the process, the Product of hydrolysis reaction which is liquid fertilizer is neutralized with phosphoric acid to reach to the desired PH and additives such as micronutrients will be added to it if necessary. In this process, severe bio-environmental pollutions, resulting from application of old and routine methods for destruction and neutralizing of energetic materials, is prevented, and safety hazards for neutralizing or destruction of these materials is minimized. Generally, the Final products of this process are liquid organic/inorganic fertilizers with various formulations for the use in agronomy Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
53 - Evaluation of Artificial Neural Network and Multiple Nonlinear Regression Modeling for the determination of Dissolved Organic Carbon
Taher Ahmadzadeh Naser Mehrdadi Mojtaba Ardestani Akbar BaghvandAbstract Background and Objective: Monitoring of organic carbon in water resources is a critical quality index in environmental management, water quality monitoring and drinking water projects. In this study, the performance and applicability of artificial neural networ MoreAbstract Background and Objective: Monitoring of organic carbon in water resources is a critical quality index in environmental management, water quality monitoring and drinking water projects. In this study, the performance and applicability of artificial neural network and multiple nonlinear regression modeling were investigated and optimized for the prediction of dissolved organic carbon. Method: Optimization was performed using backward elimination method with the highest probable correlation coefficient and minimum number of input parameters. Findings: Model verification showed a good agreement between the predicted organic carbon and actual observations. Results showed the acceptable performance of neural network model with the mean absolute error percentage of 7.6% and correlation coefficient of 0.91. Discussion and Conclusion: Further investigations unveiled that although the multiple regression model, with mean absolute error percentage of 8.4% and correlation coefficient of 0.89, seems to be less appealing but its fast run-time and better performance in critical conditions makes it a better choice for the prediction of organic carbon in aqueous solotions with high range of qualitative changes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
54 - Organics and nitrogen removal from recycled landfill leachate using an aerobic process
Mohammad Javad Zoqi Mohsen SaeediOne of the most popular types of bioreactor landfills is the landfill with leachate recirculation.In this way, an anaerobic was operated by leachate recirculation to remove organic matters. In this study two different systems were applied for leachate treatment. In syst MoreOne of the most popular types of bioreactor landfills is the landfill with leachate recirculation.In this way, an anaerobic was operated by leachate recirculation to remove organic matters. In this study two different systems were applied for leachate treatment. In system (1), the leachate generated from a fresh-waste reactor was drained to recirculation tank, and recycled every two days. In System (2), the leachate generated from a fresh waste landfill reactor was fed through a well-decomposed refuse landfill reactor, and at the same time, the leachate generated from a well-decomposed refuse landfill reactor recycled to a fresh waste landfill reactor. The results indicated that, the leachate NH4+-N and COD concentrations in system (1) accumulated to a high level, and, NH4+-N and COD removal were carried out successfully in system (2). In the well-decomposed refuse landfill reactor, the maximum organic removal rate was 1000and the maximum NH4+-N removal rate was 105. In system (2), the average removal efficiency reached to 85% and 34% for COD and NH4+-N, respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
55 - Survey of amount of removed detergents and organic Materials of hospital wastewater with SBR developed method (case study of Yazd city)
Bahman Banaiy Ghahfarrokhi Mohamad hassan Ehramposh Parvin Nasiri Asghar Ghasemee Reza Rezaee JavanmardiIntroduction: There are many different methods for waste water treatment such as Physical, Chemical and Biological and activated sludge process. The most significant aims of waste water treatment include controlling of environmental pollutions, protecting of concinnity MoreIntroduction: There are many different methods for waste water treatment such as Physical, Chemical and Biological and activated sludge process. The most significant aims of waste water treatment include controlling of environmental pollutions, protecting of concinnity of environment and controlling of infectious diseases. Among different type of waste water in a society, hospitals’ waste water are very important because of carrying various type of harmful, pathological and infectious micro-organisms and elements. One the harmful elements are detergents which are counted as biological pollutant in biological waste water treatment process. This research was carried out to eliminate detergents and organic material from hospitals’ waste water through developed SBR method with the aim of expressing of designing parameter and improved SBR potential process in order to use in waste water treatment process in hospitals. Methods: This research is experimental - applied study. At first pilot of advanced system was designed which was carried out in a period of 4 months. To chemical analyses 20 waste water samples were taken out from input and output pilot water and BOD, COD, SVI. MLVSS, SVI and detergents parameters were measured according to the suggested standard methods. Results: results in this research indicated that removal percentage of BOD is %95.54, COD%92.97, detergent 84.995 and average rate of mlss is 4327.65 mg/l, mlvss3172.05 mg/l and volume index 113.97 mg/l SVI obtained and average rate of F/M in this system was 0.0865BOD/kg mlss.d. Conclusion: according to the results obtained from advanced SBR it could be said this method of process treatment has high standard of flexibility against organic and hydraulic shock and was capable to remove BOD, COD and detergents and also it can process the output standards. Also low volume of established sludge and low growth of sulfa bacteria are advantages which cause use of this system in industrial waste waters treatment and competes with other methods of waste water treatment which is an economical and money saving method Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
56 - Study of organic matter of loading on the application of wastewater treatment of water refinery of Sewerage of Abadan industrial estate
Iran Baraee Mahdi Farzadkia Nematollah JafarzadehThe stabilization ponds are more effective systems for treating of the wastewater whit high organic and hydraulic loading shocks. Therefore, those are most popular methods for municipal and many of industrial wastewater treatment. Module 1 of phase 1 has been done in Ab MoreThe stabilization ponds are more effective systems for treating of the wastewater whit high organic and hydraulic loading shocks. Therefore, those are most popular methods for municipal and many of industrial wastewater treatment. Module 1 of phase 1 has been done in Abadan wastewater treatment plant. The main objective of this study was investigation of the organic matter of loading on the application of wastewater treatment of Abadan industrial estate. In this study, The efficiency of Abadan wastewater treatment plant was studied over ten months from February 2004 to December 2005 . The general conditions and operation of the plant were considered and wastewater treatment indexes such as pH , COD , BOD5 , TSS , Total coli form and fecal coli form and helminthes ova in influent and effluent and loading of organic matter level were determined. The maximum removal efficiency of pollutants was in July. The average amounts of COD , BOD5 , TSS , total and fecal coli form and helminthes ova in effluent in July were 805 mg/l ,440 mg/l , 30mg/l,9/2×105 MPN/100ml 6/1×105MPN/100ml ,22 ova/l respectively. so, maximum and minimum volume loading level in the anaerobic ponds 694.6 &384.1 g BOD5/m3.d and maximum and minimum surface loading level in the facultative ponds 554 & 272.06 kg BOD5/ha. d were determined. These results showed that the amounts of these parameters (exception of the TSS) had significant difference with the standard limits recommended by Iran Department of Environment (DOE) for irrigation or discharged to surface water and recycling water for agricultural re-use. In this section, problems and proposals have been presented. For sanitary disposal and reuse of this effluent the optimization of existing system must be noted. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
57 - Study of Metals Flocculation during Estuarine Mixing in South of Iran
Ayda Baiati Abdorreza KarbasiEstuaries are considered as important zones for the occurrence of environmental، biological and geochemical processes. Elements are carried to the sea through rivers and estuaries are pathways for this transmission. In estuaries dissolved elements of river water ooze ou MoreEstuaries are considered as important zones for the occurrence of environmental، biological and geochemical processes. Elements are carried to the sea through rivers and estuaries are pathways for this transmission. In estuaries dissolved elements of river water ooze out of dissolved phase due to several estuarine processes such as flocculation. In the present investigation، for the first time of flocculation Zn، Cu، Pb، Ni and Mn during mixing of a filtered sample (0.45µm) from Persian Gulf water with a filtered water sample taken from the Minab river in 9 different salinity proportions is studied. For the first time flocculation of elements in relation to redox potential (Eh) is investigated and the results indicated that elemental flocculation during estuarine mixing is not controlled by (Eh). The flocculation trend of studied metals is Cu (83.3%)> Ni (82.9)> Zn (75.2%)> Mn (69.4%) > Pb (38%). Flocculation rate varies considerably from one metal to another. Highest flocculation of metals occurs between salinities of 3.3‰ to 11.4‰. Statistical analysis indicate that flocculation of metals (except for Pb) is governed by dissolved organic carbon whose source is teri-genous in the area of study. The amount of metal flocculation is about 30.5، 6.6، 25.3، 10.4 and 36.5 ton/yr for Zn، Pb، Ni، Cu and Mn، respectively، as a result of mixing of Minab river water with the Persian Gulf water. Therefore estuarine processes can be considered as effective mechanisms in clean up of colloidal metals that are anthrop pogenically entered into the fresh water ecosystem. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
58 - Influence the amount of total organic matter (TOM)and Grain sediment on dispersal of Macrobenthic community in Western Haffar river in khoramshahr.
Zeynab Gholami Seyed Mohammad Bagher NabaviIntroduction: khoramshahr is located 128 kilometers far from Ahwaz and in southwestern ofkhouzestan. Karoon River before reaching the Persian Gulf, in khoramshahr Divided in to twobranches Bahmanshyr and Hafar. In to the importance of Hafar River Hydrology situation tha MoreIntroduction: khoramshahr is located 128 kilometers far from Ahwaz and in southwestern ofkhouzestan. Karoon River before reaching the Persian Gulf, in khoramshahr Divided in to twobranches Bahmanshyr and Hafar. In to the importance of Hafar River Hydrology situation that freshwater and salt water are important Macrobenthic it will.Method: In this study selected 10 stations within the study scope. Sampling Started on March 2008and ended on September of 2009. Samples by Van Vienn Grab sampler (0.025 m2) in both warm andcold season and once in each season was done. To the 3 samples from each station to identify benthicsediment and one sample for Grain sediment Analysis (GSA) and Total organic materials (Tom) wereharvested. Physicochemical parameters of the DO, salinity, PH and temperature were analyzed.Results: Macrobenthic between groups identified the most abundant Insect group and sex Nereis sp.Identified Macrobenthic groups consist of Polychaete 65.19%, Gastropoda 29.65%, Bivalvia 4.97%and Insecta 0.18% respectively. In stations that the amount of material dissolved was high,macrobenthics was significantly redused. In station 1(Soap factory) and residual tissues silt clay andsand was fine to their numbers. Most the benthic communities in the river downstream stations wereobserved in the amount of organic matter in sediments of these stations are less. In general, benthiccommunities were more in sandy sediment with low organic matter. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
59 - Evaluating and comparing of two methods of compost and waste landfill in Khomein city emphasis on economical aspects and environmental considerations
Mahdiyeh Rezaei Seyed Masoud Monavvari Ghasemali OmraniAbstractAccording to the executed calculations in the site of wastes' landfill in Khomein city, 48 metric tons ofwastes are buried inaccurately daily. This traditional method causes many environmental troubles andindicates the necessity of taking optimized actions to au MoreAbstractAccording to the executed calculations in the site of wastes' landfill in Khomein city, 48 metric tons ofwastes are buried inaccurately daily. This traditional method causes many environmental troubles andindicates the necessity of taking optimized actions to authorities and peoples. Due to reducing troublesof urban waste landfill, municipality of Khomein city in Markazi province decided to construct andutilize compost installations. The area of the project land is 2 hectares and the aim of its developmentis up to 3 hectares. The capacity of this project is 2000 metric tons composts yearly which has thecapability of increasing. By the way, another relevant option in this case in Khomein city or othersimilar cities is sanitizing current method of wastes' landfill and execution sanitary landfill operation.Present study intend to compare compost project by waste' landfill besides evaluating present site ofwaste's landfill by utilizing Oleckno method by executing calculations, which uses economicalconsiderations. Ultimately it finds that selecting sanitary landfill option for the circumstance ofKhomein city concerning ecological situation and acquiring maximum point of Oleckno index islogical and comparison of expenses of 1 kg waste's landfill by two available methods indicatesvariance of 10 tomans.Obviously, in the case of considering the principles of the separation from origin and transformation ofcompost to bio compost by all its aspects and omitting its expensive installations and equipments andcost reduction of economical expenses of this project, we can reach to a better conclusion inneighboring cities in this province or other proximate provinces by localizing the site of compostproject in the interval of several neighboring cities and considering this option by executing moreprecise investigations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
60 - Quality Evaluation of Composted Urban Solid Wastes Materials Produced in Tehran Arad-Kouh Factory Using Parameters of CIELAB Color Standard during Production Process
Hadith Khandehroo Bubak SouriBackground and objective: CIE color standard system has been extensively used to determinevarious physic-chemical characteristics of porous media such as soil. Objective of this study is toevaluate the relationship of C/N ratio and organic matter percentage with paramet MoreBackground and objective: CIE color standard system has been extensively used to determinevarious physic-chemical characteristics of porous media such as soil. Objective of this study is toevaluate the relationship of C/N ratio and organic matter percentage with parameters of CIELAB colorstandard system during composting production process.Material and methods: In this study, changes on parameters of CIELAB color standard alongsidewith organic matter percentages and values of C/N ratio were measured for 90 days during urban solidwastes materials’ composting process in Arad-Kouh factory in Tehran.Results: The results showed that there are significant relationships of L* with organic matter(r=0.942, α=0.01) and ratio of C/N (r=0.915, α=0.01) from one hand and parameter of a*/b* withorganic matter (r=-0.876, α=0.01) and ratio of C/N (r=-0.893, α=0.01) from other hand.Conclusion: Statistical interpretation of the obtained results approved that instead of commonanalytical methods for quality evaluation of composted materials; parameters of L* and a*/b* areeasy, inexpensive and quick to estimate ratio of C/N and organic matter percentage of compostedurban solid wastes materials reliably. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
61 - Study of Legal Aspects to present and execute POPs convention in Iran in order to submit legal framework to control persistent Organic Pollutants
Farhad Dabiri Taghi Ebadi Abbas Pourhashemi Niloofar ManoochehriIn the recent years, the world has been considerably confronted with environmental problems and threats which have affected all human kind and other creatures and ecosystems. Therefore it created an international obligation to solve these global problems. Hazardous chem MoreIn the recent years, the world has been considerably confronted with environmental problems and threats which have affected all human kind and other creatures and ecosystems. Therefore it created an international obligation to solve these global problems. Hazardous chemicals and persistent organic pollutants are among environmental risks and threats. These substances can affect humans and other creatures’ health in a long run. Risk of different types of cancers, abnormal reproduction and transferring from generation to generation in human and animals are dire consequences which has also resulted increasing concerns about these dangerous situations. Persistent Organic Pollutants consist of 12 substances. Being aware of hygienic risks of pollutants, particularly their effects on women’s health and resulting problems in future generations and acknowledging disorders in oceans ecosystems and its native communities and subject to danger and their foodstuff contamination, are considered as general health issues, so global measures regarding persistent organic pollutants is essential. Therefore the UNEP governors’ council decided to develop and establish an international binding document on persistent organic pollutants on Feb 07, 1997. This convention is known as Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants and was enforced in 2004. Regarding commitments of Islamic Republic of Iran to Stockholm Convention, one of the central fields of enrichment to enforce the POPs convention requirements in Iran is using legal means as well as proper executive structure observing the related bindings within legal rules and regulations, the commitments are enforced via a purposeful way. Trying to have a healthy, unpolluted environment and keeping it for the future generations among the required principles to achieve sustainable development is one of the most important goals of the international society Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
62 - Investigating the Efficiency of Enhanced Coagulation Process for the Removal of Humic Substances from Water
Mohammad Mehdi Amin Mahdi Safari Reza Rezaee Afshin MalekiBackground and Objective: Humic acids are main components of natural organic matters that have many negative effects, especially reaction with chlorine and production of disinfection by-products in water. Thus, the methods for the removal of these substances from water MoreBackground and Objective: Humic acids are main components of natural organic matters that have many negative effects, especially reaction with chlorine and production of disinfection by-products in water. Thus, the methods for the removal of these substances from water have been considered. Enhanced coagulation is a simple, suitable and efficient process for the removal of humic substances. Method: This study evaluates the enhanced coagulation effectiveness, as a suitable method for the removal of humic substance by polyaluminium chloride as a coagulant in a concentration between 1 to 20 mg/l in jar test. Results: Dissolved organic carbon, ultraviolet absorbance, specific ultraviolet absorbance and humic acid were determined as humic substances indexes in concentration between 0.1 to 5 mg/l. According to the obtained results, high level of specific ultraviolet absorbance index in the water source showed that enhanced coagulation was necessary for the removal of humic substance. Also, according to the obtained results, the average removal efficiency obtained by enhanced coagulation for humic acid was 52%, for dissolved organic carbon was 43% and for UV254 was 57%. Conclusion: It was concluded that employing polyaluminium as a coagulant in enhanced coagulation process is inexpensive, suitable and efficient and can remove humic substance to optimum value without decreasing turbidity efficiency. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
63 - Assessing Groundwater Vulnerability in Lenjan district toTotal Organic Carbon, Nitrate and Cations and Anions using GIS in Pilot Scale
Afshin Ebrahimi Mohammad Mahdi Amin Mahdi Hajian Bijhan BinaGroundwaters can be polluted due to various natural and anthropogenic activities. These water resources are directly used as community’s drinking water. Therefor, pollution vulnerability assessment of them can help the local and national managers and decision make MoreGroundwaters can be polluted due to various natural and anthropogenic activities. These water resources are directly used as community’s drinking water. Therefor, pollution vulnerability assessment of them can help the local and national managers and decision makers in control of many discharged pollutants. For this purpose, the aquifer vulnerability of Najaf Abad plain (Lenjan District) has been surveyed in this study. Today, Geographical Information System (GIS) is used for assessment of vulnerability of groundwater systems. Therefor, GIS was also used to determine the different degrees of vulnerability in the study area. For this purpose, different information layers were prepared. These information layers included electrical conductivity, nitrate, total organic carbon, sulfate, chloride and total hardness concentration which were obtained from 25 wells in Lenjan district through sampling during 4 seasons from summer of 2008 to spring of 2009. Finally, after weight ratings and overlaying of the information layers, the vulnerability of areas were determined both seasonally and annually. Results of chemical analysis of the samples showed that the highest concentrations of nitrate, total hardness, chloride, sulfate and EC levels for spring of 2009 were 98, 3800, 6745, and 3780 mg/L and 14.5 mS/cm, respectively. In contrast, the highest concentration of TOC occurred in summer of 2008 was 21.6 mg/L. However, the lowest concentrations of these agrichemicals were recorded in summer and autumn of 2008. The results obtained with the help of GIS showed that the area in the center of Lenjan district, that had clay type of soil and average groundwater depth compared to the adjacent regions, had the lowest vulnerability to analyzed pollutants. Therefore, vulnerability of the areas increased by moving towards the east of Lenjan district. Thus, digging a well in this vulnerable area will be faced with water resources pollution Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
64 - Effects of Azolla Combined with Organic and Inorganic Fertilizerson Growth Index of Populus deltoides
Mahsa Rafati Maryam Mosleh Akram AhmadiBackground and Objective: Azolla plants with the capability of fixing nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus, which are used as green manure and the nutrients in the compost, can be considered as a source of nutrition for plants. This study was designed to investigate the c MoreBackground and Objective: Azolla plants with the capability of fixing nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus, which are used as green manure and the nutrients in the compost, can be considered as a source of nutrition for plants. This study was designed to investigate the combined effects of Azolla with organic and inorganic fertilizers on soil NPK levels on study the growth index of Populous Deltoids. Method: The Azolla were collected from ponds of Joibar city located in Mazandaran province. Azolla compost was used in combination with inorganic and organic materials and the amount of NPK in these compounds and its effects on growth parameters (height, stem diameter and leaf fresh weight) were investigated. The compost of Azolla 100% and straw 100% had the highest and the lowest NPK that resulted in significant increases in growth indices of Populus deltoides in comparison with control one. Findings: Growth Indices in the compost of Azolla 100% showed the significant increase in comparison to other fertilizer treatments (different percentages of Azolla, straw and urea). Also, the mixed manure of Azolla and organic compost (Azolla 50%+ straw 50%) (With 0.32% nitrogen, 0.02% phosphorus and 0.24% K) with inorganic fertilizer of urea was significantly increased growth parameters of plant than control. Discussion and Conclusion: According to the results, compound fertilizer 50% Azolla +50% straw + urea and Azolla 100% compost were had the greatest impact on improving the soil and finaly, plants growth. Therefore, use of green manure and green manure combined with a combination of organic and inorganic fertilizers, according to the effects on soil chemical traits, resulted in fertility improvement and increase of crop and by reducing the use of chemical fertilizer in agriculture will prevent environmental pollution and its staggering costs and contribute to the sustainable development of agriculture. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
65 - Soil organic carbon and soil organic carbon pool in the managed and unmanaged beech-hornbeam stand
Maryam Moslehi Hashem Habashi Ramin Rahmani Hormoz Sohrabi Khosro SaghebtalebiBackground and Objective: In the present study the impact of silviculture activities on soil organic carbon (SOC) and soil organic carbon pool (SOCP) in the mixed beech-carpinus forest located in district one of Shastkolate forest, Golestan province, was investigated. M MoreBackground and Objective: In the present study the impact of silviculture activities on soil organic carbon (SOC) and soil organic carbon pool (SOCP) in the mixed beech-carpinus forest located in district one of Shastkolate forest, Golestan province, was investigated. Method: In the first month of growth season in 2014, from 4 one-hectare treatments, 80 soil samples were randomly collected (up to depth of 20 cm) for organic carbon and coarse fragments estimation and 80 soil sample cylinders were collected for bulk density measurement. Treatments were 3 managed forests (selection system) in time periods of 1, 7 and 10 after the last disturbance and 1 unmanaged forest (control). Amounts of SOC and SOCP in different treatments were compared by one-way variance analysis. Findings: Result showed that the amounts of SOC and SOCP in 4 treatments were different significantly (p< 0.05). Also the highest and the lowest SOC and SOCP were observed in the control and managed treatment 1, respectively. Correlation of soil properties was investigated using Pearson's correlation coefficient. Organic matter, bulk density and fragments had negative correlation (p< 0.01). Control forest, managed treatments 1, 2 and 3 absorbed 280.021, 124.046, 143.497 and 181.298 ton CO2 from atmosphere to store 76.3, 33.8, 39.1 and 49.4 ton carbon in soil in one hectare (0-20 cm), respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
66 - Assessment of organ chlorine contaminants in Shadegan wetland using (Barbus grypus) as a biological index
Morteza Davodi Abbas Esmaili Sari Nader Bahramifar Hasan MalvandiOne of the dangerous contaminants that enter to the Shadegan wetland is Persistent Organic Pollutants. Lipophilic and high persistency of these contaminants laid to, accumulation across the food chain. Fish is main route for entrance of these compounds to human bodies. MoreOne of the dangerous contaminants that enter to the Shadegan wetland is Persistent Organic Pollutants. Lipophilic and high persistency of these contaminants laid to, accumulation across the food chain. Fish is main route for entrance of these compounds to human bodies. Approximately 90% intake of these compounds in human bodies is from marine food. Main route for entrance of these contaminants is fish and diets that contain much amount of fish, laid to high intake of these contaminates and it is dangerous for alimentary health of resident In this research levels of poly chlorinated biphenyls and some pesticides containing DDTs, HCHs and HCB in Barbusgrypus that gathered in autumn 1386 form Shadegan wetland, were analyzed by Gas Chromatography (GC). Results show that concentration of PCBs, DDTs, HCHs and HCB were 6.38, 11.41, 4.03 and 0.19 ng g-1 respectively. Study of various pollutant metabolites show that among PCB congeners PCB-28 (4.68 ng g-1), among DDTs metabolites p,p < sup>/-DDE (8.15 ng g-1) and among HCHs isomers α-HCH (3.14 ng g-1) had the most concentrations. High concentration of p,p < sup>/-DDE in fish suggests that recently DDT pesticides have not been used in agriculture after their ban and High concentration of α-HCH suggests new input of HCH (Especially technical HCHs) into soil and water around this area. Concentrations of pollutants in sample were below than represented standards by various organizations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
67 - The Role of Biochar in the Remediation of Salt-Affected Soils
Younes Shukuhifar Reza Hassanpour Bahman Khoshru Hossein BesharatiBackground and Objective: Salts accumulation in soil is a major threat to agricultural production and ecosystem sustainability. The cost imposed on agricultural productivity due to salinity and sodicity is very high and is expected to increase in the future with the exp MoreBackground and Objective: Salts accumulation in soil is a major threat to agricultural production and ecosystem sustainability. The cost imposed on agricultural productivity due to salinity and sodicity is very high and is expected to increase in the future with the expansion of salt-affected areas. In the last decade, a great focus has been made on the application of biochar in farming systems with the primary aim of organic carbon sequestration in soil and subsequently reducing greenhouse gases emission to air and also reclaim soils, and increasing soil fertility. But these studies often were in non-saline soils and it is needed to study the biochar effect in salt-affected soils. Material and Methodology: Due to the lack of research on the role of biochar in salt-affected soils, this paper first provides an overview of the extent and problems of these soils. Then, the researches on the effect of biochar on soil properties, carbon sequestration, and remeduatuib if sakt-affected soils were reviewed and study and research gaps in this field were investigated. Findings: The application of biochar in the soil causes the sequestration of carbon in the soil and reduces the emission of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. In the salt-affected soils, biochar, as an organic soil amendment, improves the physical, chemical, and biological properties of the soil, thereby mitigating the effects of salt on soil and plants. Discussion and Conclusion: Carbon sequestration and improvement of soil quality are the two reported general benefits of biochar application in soil. The results of researches in this field are different depending on the source and method of biochar preparation, soil properties, and experiment conditions. Therefore, various studies are needed to fully understand the mechanisms of biochar effect on the properties of salt-affected soils and their remediation. It is not possible to provide a practical solution by doing some research, but developing scientific findings in this field can guide future policies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
68 - Evaluation of Biogas Potential from Rural Wastes (Case Study: Abyaneh Village)
Ali Daryabeigi zand Maryam Rabiee AbyanehBiogas is one of the renewable energy sources that is produced by the decomposition of organic materials as a result of the activity of anaerobic bacteria. Putrifiable materials in municipal and rural wastes are of biomass sources that can be used in biogas production. MoreBiogas is one of the renewable energy sources that is produced by the decomposition of organic materials as a result of the activity of anaerobic bacteria. Putrifiable materials in municipal and rural wastes are of biomass sources that can be used in biogas production. Establishment of biogas production units can be considered as an effective step to resolve waste management issues as well as emissions of environmental pollutants.The main objective of this study was to evaluate the potential of biogas production from rural wastes in Abyaneh village to address waste management issues in the region. For this purpose after quantitative and qualitative study of waste production in Abyaneh village, applicable amount of waste that can be used in biogas plants was determined and the potential of biogas production from them was calculated. The amount of recoverable biogas from organic waste produced in Abyaneh village was determined to be 24407546.68 m2 per year. On average 15864905.34 m2 of methane per year can be generated, which is equivalent to 34268195.55 MJ of energy. Obtained results demonstrated that wastes generated in Abyaneh village can be considered a suitable source for biogas production based on its quantity and composition. It is suggested to establish biogas production plants in the region which can be used to reduce the volume of wastes, transportation and disposal costs and improve human health. Also the energy produced from it can be used for cooking, lighting, power generation and transportation fuel. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
69 - Studying the Effect of Exclosure and Pit-Seeding on Soil Properties of Rangelands (Case study: Darani Rangelands, Tuyserkan City, Hamadan Province)
Maryam Ahmadvand Davoud AkhzariBackground and Objective: Today, there are concerns related to the increase in livestock and its destructive effects, including soil compaction, soil degradation, erosion, and water pollution. One of the common ways to rangeland rehabilitation and restore it ability is MoreBackground and Objective: Today, there are concerns related to the increase in livestock and its destructive effects, including soil compaction, soil degradation, erosion, and water pollution. One of the common ways to rangeland rehabilitation and restore it ability is plantation and exclosure. Material and Methodology: To conduct this research, 10 transects of 100 meters were established in study area (each transect was 50 meters away from the previous transect). Along each transect, ten 1×1 meter plots were determined and a 100 gr soil sample was taken from 3 depths of 0-10, 10-20 and 20-30 cm in each plot. Similarly, the same number of samples were also taken in the adjacent region which was not cultivated and wsa considered as a control area. The samples were taken to the laboratory to measure bulk density, soil moisture content, pH, EC, total nitrogen, total phosphorus and soil organic carbon. Then, they were analysed using one-way analysis of variance (P≤0.05). Findings: The results showed that in the grazed region, the bulk density, EC, total nitrogen, total phosphorus and organic carbon of the soil were significantly higher than those of pit-seeding area. The results also showed that the soil moisture and pH were not significantly differed in the two studied regions. Discussion and Conclusions: The soil bulk density increased with grazing and trampling due to soil compaction. The electrical conductivity of the exclosure area was also lower than those of grazed area due to the increase in vegetation and the reduction of evaporation and transpiration in the exclosure region. The increase in the amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and organic carbon in the soil in the grazed area is probably due to their absorption by the roots of plant species and the return of these nutrition to the surface layers of the soil through the excrement of the livestock. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
70 - Ability of earthworms in organic wastes management
Farzad Mehrjo Mohsen RastakhizOrganic wastes are includes domestic wastes, crop wastes, garden waste, agricultural and food processing industries, poultry and livestock waste, human waste, fruit and vegetable wastes, orchards and farms. One effective and affordable method in organic waste management MoreOrganic wastes are includes domestic wastes, crop wastes, garden waste, agricultural and food processing industries, poultry and livestock waste, human waste, fruit and vegetable wastes, orchards and farms. One effective and affordable method in organic waste management using is earthworms to produce vermicompost fertilizer, in addition to reducing environmental risks; the nature of their turnover in fertilizer consumption has accelerated. Vermicomposting is through decomposition of organic wastes help certain species of earthworms. In general, there are about 3000 species of earthworms in different sizes from 0/6 to 330 cm. Only two species Eisenia foetida and Lumbricus rubellus due to production efficiency and ease of replication are most widely used in the production of vermicompost. Considering limitation of the right places disposal of organic wastes and from hand landfill and incineration adverse effects on public health and the environment, Vermicomposting using biotechnology earthworms a suitable option for is organic waste management. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
71 - Reciprocal relationship of earthworms and forests and its Effects on forest soil
Maryam Moslehi Jamile NazariEarthworms are important factors in soil formation and nutrient cycles. These organisms rummage soil and reform its particles and structure that are too important in succession. Earthworm frequency is related to the component of plant residues because they were nourishr MoreEarthworms are important factors in soil formation and nutrient cycles. These organisms rummage soil and reform its particles and structure that are too important in succession. Earthworm frequency is related to the component of plant residues because they were nourishrd by organic matter, litter and plant residues. So kind, substance and chemical component of plant residues effect on their population and activities. Because organic matter in forests is abundant, earthworms can be introduced as the most important factor that influences on soil fertilities and improvement of it. So we studied reciprocal relationship and correlation of earthworms and forests to show how they enrich and improve soil fertilities. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
72 - A Comparative Study on English Poems in Early and Final World War I based on Hegemony and Anti-Hegemony Concept
Mahdi Javidshad Amirhossein Ne'mati ZiyaratiThe present study compares two groups of World War I poets of English literature based on Antonio Gramsci viewpoints on comparative reading. The first group which includes characters such as Henry Newbolt, Rupert Brooke, Jesse Pope, Alice M MoreThe present study compares two groups of World War I poets of English literature based on Antonio Gramsci viewpoints on comparative reading. The first group which includes characters such as Henry Newbolt, Rupert Brooke, Jesse Pope, Alice Meynell, Alio Lindsey and John McCray may be known as the poets of the government who composed pro-war poems at the beginning of the war. Siegfried Sassoon, Robert Graves, and Wilfred Owen who can be called poets opposing the policies of their regime and composed anti-war poems at the end of the war. Since the themes of homeland, religion and death are among the main features of war-related writings, this study examines the mentioned themes in the poets' poetries. In this regard, Gramsci's definitions of elites and their categorization into traditional and organic as well as hegemonic and anti-hegemonic concepts helps better understand of the intended reading. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
73 - Organic unity and Applied review of ode Altomanyneh Mikhaeel Noaimeh
Zinah Erfatpoor Mohammad Khosravi ChitgarIn the modern era, under the influence of the Western literary criticism has been highly spoken about Organic Unity in Arabic ode But many researchers and Critics is established incomplete concept of organic unity in their minds and think it mean MoreIn the modern era, under the influence of the Western literary criticism has been highly spoken about Organic Unity in Arabic ode But many researchers and Critics is established incomplete concept of organic unity in their minds and think it means the ode become confined to an Personal experience or a feeling and while they study it in the poetry they are amaze between logical unity and the unity of subject .So this essay express the concept of Organic unity and the unity of subject and the logical unity at contemporary Arabic poetry critics and schools and then the Organic Unity of the ode Altomanyneh of Mikhaeel Noaimeh that the Just to see what elements are applied to the organic unity between the components of the ode until the Organic unity is achieved. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
74 - Possibility replacement of peat - perlite - sand with Azolla compost in growing media (Pedilanthus tithymaloides)
Jalal Omidi سمانه عبدالمحمدی مهدی بخشی پور میثم شیخ پورAbstract In order to investigate the effect of Azolla compost on vegetative characteristics of ornamental plants, Pedilanthus tithymaloides was selected as a model plant. In this regard, an experiment was conducted as a completely randomized design in five treatments an MoreAbstract In order to investigate the effect of Azolla compost on vegetative characteristics of ornamental plants, Pedilanthus tithymaloides was selected as a model plant. In this regard, an experiment was conducted as a completely randomized design in five treatments and three replications in the Advanced Greenhouse of the Research Institute of Biotechnology, Rasht. The Growing media control of this study, peat-perlite-sand, was considered 1: 1: 1 ratio, and the compost Azolla was replaced by 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% volumes. The treatments consisted of: Azolla compost + 100% Peat-perlite-sand (control), Azolla compost + 75% Peat-perlite-sand, 50% Azolla compost + 50% Peat-Pearlite-Sand, 75% Azolla compost + 25% Peat-perlite-sand and 100% Azolla compost + 0% Peat-perlite-sand. In this experiment, growth indices, including number of leaves, number of buds, length of bud, fresh and dry weight of stem, fresh and dry weight of root were measured. The results showed that replacing Azolla compost levels had a significant effect on leaves number, length of bud, fresh and dry weight of stem, fresh and dry weight of root. Comparison of the substrate used showed that replacement of 25% Azolla compost in the Growing media had the most effect on Pedilanthus plant growth indices. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
75 - A review of the potentials of metal-organic nanostructures in food safety
Mohammad Ali Ghasemzadeh Reyhaneh Moughari Fatemehe BagheriBackground:Food safety has always been a major global challenge for human health. The demand for sustainability, product safety improvement and high quality standards have always been important in all areas of the biological sciences such as the food industry, which req MoreBackground:Food safety has always been a major global challenge for human health. The demand for sustainability, product safety improvement and high quality standards have always been important in all areas of the biological sciences such as the food industry, which requires close monitoring and continuously throughout the food supply chain. In this area, the suitable and satisfactory food packaging in the industry is the basis for maintaining and preserving proper and suitable quality and safety in food. Despite the industry's efforts to produce safe products, food products may become contaminated during the process or from contaminated raw materials. Therefore, to solve the problems and defects related to food safety, several strategies and approaches have been considered and designed. Among various pathways the use of metal-organic frameworks is a new opportunity and challenges to ensure the quality and safety of food. Metal-organic frameworks are known as fundamental class of porous nonmaterial which has unique physical and chemical properties promising in a food safety program. These nanoporus materials have recently attracted a lot of attentions and have found their way into various industries, including the food industry, and have shown great potential for practical development because of a wide range of applications in diverse fields. This article tries to emphasize and introduce this technology with a brief overview of the use of metal-organic frameworks in the food industry in three subsets of packaging, storage and cleaning, and their applications in this industry and the advantages and benefits which come with using it. Results: In summary, it can be said that MOFs have shown exciting potential in the field of food safety and have shown all their efficiency through the ability to be used in different parts of the process. Emerging MOFs or composite-based MOFs have been considered as a practical coating in intelligent food packaging, for the controlled release of preservatives and to monitor food safety. Therefore, these materials need to have excellent adsorption and stability properties; Be further developed for use in packaging. MOFs have also been shown to be effective in eliminating hazardous substances in the food supply chain. Therefore, the need to synthesize new multifunctional MOFs to remove contaminants is essential. Finally, while MOFs are a promising substance to help improve food safety at various stages of the food chain; However, precise control of the pore size and volume of these frameworks for specific applications is still a challenge, so more attention needs to be paid to achieving high quality MOFs for use in food safety. Further research is also needed on the toxicity of MOFs. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
76 - Investigating levothyroxine drug release on synthesized nanocomposite containing magnetic cores covered with alginate polymer and metal-organic framework
Zaynab Madadi Fadaeian Manochehr Mohammad Ali GhasemzadeObjectives: Levothyroxine drug is used to treat thyroid diseases, which is one of the most common chronic diseases in the world, and considering that levothyroxine is a hydrophobic drug with low solubility and low stability, it requires an advanced drug delivery system. MoreObjectives: Levothyroxine drug is used to treat thyroid diseases, which is one of the most common chronic diseases in the world, and considering that levothyroxine is a hydrophobic drug with low solubility and low stability, it requires an advanced drug delivery system. Among the targeted drug delivery systems, magnetically modified porous carriers have a high capacity to store drugs due to the presence of side groups, the adaptability of its porosity, and release it over a long period of time and instead of spreading throughout the body, it affects only the desired cell. he does.Materials and methods: The present research deals with preparing and identifying the metal-organic framework and investigating its performance in levothyroxine drug loading and release. First, MnCuFe2O4 nanoparticles were synthesized and covered by alginate polysaccharide. After that, the metal-organic framework 66-UiO was placed on it and the three-layer composite MnCuFe2O4@Alginate@UiO-66 was made.Findings: loading and release of levothyroxine drug on the synthesized nanocarrier was investigated at pH 7.4. The fabricated nanocomposite was examined by various methods such as SEM, EDX, FT-IR, BET. Nanocomposite was made with cheap and biodegradable raw materials such as alginate using an easy method with targeted drug delivery and magnetic strength.Conclusions: This nanocomposite with 87% loading capacity and 73% levothyroxine release can be used as a new and targeted drug delivery system. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
77 - Investigations on Optoelectronic Properties of New low Gap Compounds Based on Pyrrole as Solar Cells Materials
O. Ninis S.M. Bouzzine H. Toufik F. Lamchouri M. Abarkan M. Hamidi M. Bouachrine -
Open Access Article
78 - Production of Nano TiO2 Coatedon Polypyrole Film for Degradation of Organic Dye
Razieh Razav Sayed Mohammad Ali Hosseini -
Open Access Article
79 - Investigations of New Low Gap Conjugated Compounds Based on Thiophene-Phenylene as Solar Cells Materials
Mansour Amine Amina Amine Mohammed Hamidi Si Mohammed Bouzzine Mohammed Bouachrine -
Open Access Article
80 - Synthesis and Characterization of Zn3 (BTC)2 Nanoporous Sorbent and its Application for Hydrogen Storage at Ambient Temperature
Mansoor Anbia Mojtaba Faryadras Ali Ghaffarinejad -
Open Access Article
81 - Biosynthesis of Ag Nanoparticles at Ziziphus Jujuba Kernel Substrate using Tilia platyphyllos Extract: Catalytic Activity for Reduction of Organic Dyes
Bahar Khodadadi Mohammad Sabeti Omulbanin Norozi -
Open Access Article
82 - Tilia Platyphyllos Extract Assisted Green Synthesis of CuO/TiO2 Nanocomposite: Application as a Reusable Catalyst for the Reduction of Organic Dyes in Water
Bahar Khodadadi Ali Yeganeh Faal Ali Shahvarughi -
Open Access Article
83 - Quantum Chemical Investigation of the Photovoltaic Properties of Conjugated Molecules Based Oligothiophene and Carbazole
N. Belghiti M.N. Bennani Si Mohamed Bouzzine Mohamed Hamidi Mohamed Bouachrine -
Open Access Article
84 - Enhancement of Methane Adsorption by Lithium Doping into Metal-Organic Framework Cu-BDC
Mansoor Anbia Hosein Pazoki -
Open Access Article
85 - Application of Semiconductor Photocatalysis for Effective Elimination of Organic Contaminants from Sewage
Soodabe Gharibe -
Open Access Article
86 - The Function of Narrative Plot in Formation of Organic Unity in Free Poetry: A Case Study of Badr Shākir al-Sayyāb and Mehdi Akhavān Sāles
Aliasghar Ghahremani Moghbel Fereshteh Yadegari Hojjat Rasouli Amir FarhangniaThe beauty of the literary work, especially free poetry, is due to the cohesion of its different parts in form and content, so that it appears to the reader as a coherent construction of harmonious units from the beginning to the end. Organic unity is one of the most pr MoreThe beauty of the literary work, especially free poetry, is due to the cohesion of its different parts in form and content, so that it appears to the reader as a coherent construction of harmonious units from the beginning to the end. Organic unity is one of the most prominent issues raised after the emergence of free poetry of which the plot is the most important element. In this article, the authors examine the organic unity of narrative plot and its importance in forming organic cohesion and coherence of the constituents of poetry through the comparison between the pioneers of Arabic and Persian free poetry, Badr Shakir al-Sayyab and Mehdi Akhavān Sāles, from a comparative view point and reliance on the American school. They are also examine how each of these poets uses these elements. The findings of the research show that Akhavan is more successful in applying narrative plot, including rising and falling action (gereh goshāei and gereh afkani), in formation process of organic unity, because his poetry is in a clear linear process that is materialized this by using rising and falling action as well as logical systematic sequences of thoughts in which the richness of the Persian heritage in fictional language has been effective. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
87 - One-Pot Synthesis of Some Heterocyclic Organic Compounds by Magnetic Nanoparticles and its Application in Electrosynthesis of Silver Nanoparticles
Seyed Hashem AkhlaghiHeterocyclic compounds are a subset of cyclic compounds inwhich the ring-forming atoms are composed of two or more different typesof atoms. Heterocyclic chemistry is an important part of organic chemistrythat studies the properties, production methods, and reactions ofh MoreHeterocyclic compounds are a subset of cyclic compounds inwhich the ring-forming atoms are composed of two or more different typesof atoms. Heterocyclic chemistry is an important part of organic chemistrythat studies the properties, production methods, and reactions ofheterocyclic compounds. Among the heterocyclic compounds, pirans areone of the most important and valuable categories of heterocycles that havemany applications in medicine and therapy. In this project, we intend tosynthesize three of the Pirans derivatives under temperature and refluxconditions. The purpose of synthesizing these derivatives is theimmobilization of Ag nanoparticle, with uniform distribution, on thesurface of glassy carbon electrode such that the electrocatalytic current ofAg nanoparticle be constant. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
88 - Simultaneous optimization of extraction of bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity of aerial parts of Ammi visnaga L. using response surface methodology
Zineb El Jabboury Smail Aazza Driss Ousaaid Oumaima Chater Uros Gasic Peđa Janaćković Zora Dajic Stevanovic Stefan Kolašinac Meryem Benjelloun Lahsen El Ghadraoui -
Open Access Article
89 - Study of soil organic carbon changes in two critical and vulnerable areas of Qahavand plain rangelands using remote sensing and GIS
Behnaz Attaeian Shahrokh Shojaeefar Vahid Zandieh Soheila S. HashemiOrganic carbon is a major source of soil organic matter and an indicator of soil quality in natural ecosystems. Therefore, monitoring soil organic carbon reservoirs under different circumstances seems necessary to understand the global C cycles. The present study was ai MoreOrganic carbon is a major source of soil organic matter and an indicator of soil quality in natural ecosystems. Therefore, monitoring soil organic carbon reservoirs under different circumstances seems necessary to understand the global C cycles. The present study was aimed to evaluate soil organic carbon content in two critical and vulnerable sites of the Qahavand rangeland ecosystem which has experienced extensive desertification in the last decades. The soil sampling from 20 cm was done at 63 points at random locations in two critical and vulnerable sites. Then, 9 different indices of vegetation and light Including NDVI, RVI, SAVI, MSAVI, TSAVI, OSAVI, WDVI, NDBI and BI related to 63 sampling point was calculated based on satellite images. Furthermore, the NDVI, RVI, SAVI, MSAVI, TSAVI, OSAVI, NDBI and BI indices showed a relatively good Pearson correlation with soil organic carbon content with the R2 values of 0.41, 0.38, 0.38, 0.41, 0.40, 0.39, -0.44 and 0.48. These results represent the possibility of using Landsat 8 satellite image indices to monitor soil organic carbon reservoirs in the Qahavand plain. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
90 - Comparison vegetation indices and tasseled cap transformation for estimates of soil organic carbon using Landsat-8 OLI images in a semi-steppe rangelands
Masoumeh Aghababaie Ataollah Ebrahimi Pejman TahmasebiIn this research, the capability of Landsat-8 OLI data for generating a soil organic carbon (SOC) map is investigated in a semi-steppe rangeland of Chaharmahal-va- Bakhtiari province. To do so, in the June 2013 ground sampling was performed based on a systematic-random MoreIn this research, the capability of Landsat-8 OLI data for generating a soil organic carbon (SOC) map is investigated in a semi-steppe rangeland of Chaharmahal-va- Bakhtiari province. To do so, in the June 2013 ground sampling was performed based on a systematic-random scheme in 24 sampling sites within each site 3 transects was established and along each transect 5 soil samples were chosen and collected from 0 to 20 cm depth and SOC content of the samples was measured. In order to compare, on ground sampled values of SOC with the corresponding and Landsat-8 OLI data (June 2013), vegetation indices and tasseled cap transformation bands were calculated and extracted from the study area. The values of vegetation indices and tasseled cap transformation bands (dependent variable) were regressed against organic carbon values (independent variable) at site level in SPSS software. Finally, the SOC map was drawn based on the best-fitted model between the independent and dependent variable. The results showed that amongst vegetation indices, PVI and Brightness band have the most significant correlation with SOC. Finally, the SOC maps of the study area were drawn by the quadratic linear regression after finding the best regression fit between SOC and vegetation index as well as the tasseled cap. The results of the validation test show that between vegetation indices the PVI index (R=0.53) and tasseled cap transformation bands (R=0.63) showed the highest correlation with soil organic carbon (SOC). Finally, by calculating the fitting of binary linear regression, organic carbon maps were prepared. The validation results of the model indicate that there is no significant difference between ground sampled SOC and extracted values of vegetation indices and tasseled cap. Therefore, the spectral data of the Landsat-8 satellite images (OLI) are a valuable source for determining the soil organic carbon changes in such areas. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
91 - Classification of the most important spectral factors extracted from Landsat-8 images in explaining the topsoil organic carbon in semi-steppe rangelands using exploratory factor analysis (EFA)
Saeedeh Nateghi Rostam Khalifehzadeh Mahshid Souri Morteza KhodagholiBackground and ObjectiveSoil organic carbon in rangeland ecosystems has a variety of functions such as increasing soil fertility, controlling erosion, increasing soil water permeability and, reducing the effects of greenhouse gases. Therefore, it is a key indicator in d MoreBackground and ObjectiveSoil organic carbon in rangeland ecosystems has a variety of functions such as increasing soil fertility, controlling erosion, increasing soil water permeability and, reducing the effects of greenhouse gases. Therefore, it is a key indicator in determining soil health that affects all physical, chemical, and biological properties of soil. The large area of the country's rangelands causes a serious challenge to the use of traditional methods in estimating soil organic carbon. In such situations, the use of remote sensing capabilities can be considered as a suitable option for monitoring the organic carbon of the country's rangeland soils. The aim of this study was to determine the most important spectral factors affecting topsoil organic carbon in two summer rangelands. Materials and Methods This research was carried out in two summer rangelands of Lazour and Asaran. The first rangeland (Lazour) with an area of 8150 hectares and an average height of 2875 meters is located in the range of eastern longitudes 52.514 to 52.694 degrees and northern latitudes 35.855 to 35.934 degrees in Tehran province. The second Rangeland (Asaran) with an area of 5642 hectares and an average height of 2465 meters is located in the range of eastern longitudes 53.265 to 53.392 degrees and northern latitudes 35.804 to 35.882 degrees in Semnan province. In this research, the data of the OLI sensor of the Landsat 8 satellite were used. After pre-processing satellite imagery of the studied areas, Top of Atmosphere (TOA) reflectance layers of bands 2 to 7 along with the variables of surface albedo, Clay index, Carbonate index, Grain Size index, NDVI, brightness, greenness, and wetness index of Tasseled cap transformation were calculated. In each of the target areas, using Digital Elevation Model (DEM) maps, the slope, aspect, and hypsometric maps were prepared and by combining the last three layers with each other, a map of homogeneous sampling units was obtained. Soil sampling was performed using the stratified-random sampling pattern. In this way, in each of the homogeneous units, according to its area, several soil samples were randomly taken from a depth of zero to 20 cm and the amount of organic carbon of the samples was measured using the Walkley-Black method. Results and Discussion The results of this study showed that the spectral variables of Top of Atmosphere (TOA) reflectance layers of bands 2 to 7 along with the variables of surface albedo, Clay index, NDVI, brightness, greenness, and wetness index of Tasseled cap transformation have a significant correlation with topsoil organic carbon (p < 0.01). Also, the results of factor analysis by principal component analysis (PCA) with eigenvalues greater than one showed that the total cumulative variance explained by the 12 variables is 91.74%, which was explained by two factors. The first factor (soil color) explained 76.6% of the variance and the second factor (vegetation and soil texture) explained 15.14% of the variance. Conclusion The results of this study confirm the existence of a significant relationship between topsoil organic carbon and spectral factors extracted from Landsat 8 OLI sensor data in semi-steppe rangelands. Because of the large area of rangelands in Iran, the use of traditional methods in estimating soil organic carbon is not possible due to the need to spend a lot of time and money. And in such situations, the use of Remote sensing (RS) capabilities can be considered as a suitable option for monitoring the topsoil organic carbon in the rangelands. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
92 - Investigation of firing effect in rangelands on soil organic carbon changes using remotely sensed based indices
Somayeh Saati Zarei Behnaz AttaeianBackground and ObjectiveRangelands are one of the natural ecosystems that have an important part of soil carbon reservoirs and also, as very diverse genetic reservoirs guarantee the dynamics of the ecosystem. Fire is a natural factor in rangelands burning most of the ex MoreBackground and ObjectiveRangelands are one of the natural ecosystems that have an important part of soil carbon reservoirs and also, as very diverse genetic reservoirs guarantee the dynamics of the ecosystem. Fire is a natural factor in rangelands burning most of the existing natural cover. Rangeland fires directly alter soil microbial activity by burning soil microorganisms and indirectly by reducing organic matter, altering soil organic matter quality and other soil properties. Investigating the positive and negative effects of fire on ecosystems, especially on soil properties, has led researchers to look for alternative methods, instead of direct methods, which are generally very costly and time-consuming. One of the new methods and technologies that are very useful in the field of natural resources is satellite remote sensing. The purpose of this study was to investigate the short-term effect of fire on organic carbon, acidity, and electrical conductivity of rangeland soils in the Gonbad region of Hamadan, and to investigate the capability of remotely sensed data in the indirect estimation of soil surface carbon in semi-arid rangelands after the fire. Materials and Methods In this study, 20 soil samples were taken from each site from a depth of 0-10 cm (40 samples in total) and the coordinates of each sampling point were recorded with a GPS device. Sampling was performed 15 to 20 days after the fire in early October. After transferring to the laboratory, the samples were used to measure the amount of soil organic carbon. Then, the statistical relationship between non-burned areas and burned areas was examined and analyzed by an independent t-test. Indirect estimation of soil surface organic carbon at non-burned and burned sites was also investigated and their changes were evaluated using remote sensing satellite imagery. For this purpose, after performing the pre and post-processing on satellite data, the corresponding values of spectral reflectance of each pixel with sampling points at different wavelengths and spectral indices were extracted, and the correlation and regression equation of indices with the Carbon reservoirs were analyzed. Results and Discussion The results of the Pearson correlation test showed that among all spectral indices, only the HI index was correlated with soil organic carbon in the short time and in the non-burned site. Besides, among all indices, BI, NDBI, NDVI, SAVI, VCI, and VHI indices were correlated with the EC value in the non-burned site. At the non-burned site, there was a significant correlation between most spectral indices and soil EC, which was eliminated after the fire at the burned site. Regarding the correlation between pH and spectral indices, it was observed that there is a correlation between some spectral indices and pH. As a matter of fact, it can be concluded that the fire has caused a large change in the rate of reflection and propagation of waves from the soil surface so that in the non-burned site, the indices were correlated with EC, but in the burned site, the correlation between indices and EC was completely eliminated, and instead, a correlation has been established between the indices and the pH. Furthermore, none of the spectral indices in April 2017 at the non-burned site had a significant positive or negative correlation with soil organic carbon, and the results showed that after six months of the fire, the soil carbon changes were not such that the spectral indices could be examined its process. Comparing the results of October 2016 with the results of April 2017 on the non-burned site, it was found that after six months, the NBR index has found a significant correlation with the EC rate, but the BI and VHI indices have lost their correlation. According to the NBR index and the SWIR2 band, it seems that after six months from the occurrence of the fire, changes have occurred in the control site, which has led to a correlation between this index and soil EC. Since the amount of reflected energy from the earth's surface depends on several factors such as soil moisture, changes in soil organic matter content, and surface cover, so the effect of these factors on the soil reflectance should be considered in the growing season. Failure to change these results after six months can prove that the positive and negative effects of the fire have not disappeared in a short period of six months and a longer time is needed for the situation to return to normal. Conclusion According to the results, it was found that soil organic carbon reservoirs in burned rangelands in comparison with non-burned rangelands is not significantly different. Deformation and stabilization of soil organic matter due to fire have been studied by many researchers, but the transformation of soil organic matter by fire has often led to heterogeneous and different results. At a depth of 10-20 cm, the fire was found to have no effect on soil organic carbon content, but other researchers found that 6 months after the fire, the amount of carbon in the burned soils increased compared to the non-burned soils. It was also found that the percentage of soil organic carbon decreased significantly three months after the fire. Moreover, in another study on the effect of fire on soil organic carbon, it was found that in the area affected by the fire compared to the control area in one year and two years after the fire, the amount of soil organic carbon has decreased significantly. Since the effect of fire on the physical and chemical properties of soil is strongly influenced by fire intensity, soil moisture, climate, and vegetation, so all these factors have led to different results in investigating the effect of fire on soil organic carbon. Due to environmental conditions, climate, the slope of the area, soil texture and structure, and factors related to fire such as its intensity and duration, the amount of soil carbon has changed. For example, in the event of a medium-sized fire, the conditions for vegetation regrowth are faster, but in the event of a severe fire, the entire organic layer of the soil surface is generally removed and carbon is reduced over time. Also, in examining the correlation between spectral indices and soil organic carbon, it was found that only the HI index with soil organic carbon was significant at the non-burned site, but no correlation was observed at the burned site. This can be examined by examining the spectrum of visible blue and green wavelengths in the mathematical relationship of this index because only in this index the green and blue wavelength spectrum have been used. According to the results of other researchers, it seems that estimating soil organic carbon using remote sensing has certain complexities. Since soil organic carbon has the greatest impact on soil color, it is difficult to estimate it using remotely sensed data if its amount is low. The occurrence of fire in the region has a major impact on the spectral reflectance of surface soil so that after the fire in a short time the correlation of HI index with soil organic carbon is lost. According to the results of the present research, it seems that the main point about the impact of fire on soil organic carbon is the time and the opportunity for soil to change. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
93 - Integrated noise reduction-data mining method for soil organic matter prediction by VNIR spectrometry
Elahe Akbari Saham Mirzaei Ara Toomanian Ali Darvishi Boloorani Hosseinali BahramiBackground and Objective Soil as a heterogeneous natural resource and the largest organic carbon storage in terrestrial ecosystems is composed of complicated processes and mechanisms. The necessity of accurately estimating soil properties on the national and regional sc MoreBackground and Objective Soil as a heterogeneous natural resource and the largest organic carbon storage in terrestrial ecosystems is composed of complicated processes and mechanisms. The necessity of accurately estimating soil properties on the national and regional scales for improving soil management, and understanding their influence on agriculture have resulted in attracting researchers’ attentions to this field. Soil Organic Matter (SOM) is considered as an indicator of soil quality in fertility and food production. It is also considered as a key variable in environmental and agricultural issues. Thus, using rapid and cost effective and more accuracy estimation of the SOM content in soil resources assessment and management can be helpful. In precision agriculture, the scale of soil data required for management of lands and products is very large. The scale of collecting filed data usually cannot fulfil those needs. Sampling, preparing and analyzing the large number of soil samples as well as producing the distribution map for large areas are very difficult. In addition, traditional laboratory methods of soil analysis are boring, time-consuming, and costly. In fact, they need specialized laboratory operators. The aim of the present study is to compare the performance of the two Partial Least Squares Regression (PLSR) and Boosted Regression Tree (BRT) for predicting SOM using VNIR spectrometry data. With the use of combining Wavelet transform and diagnosis of independent bands, noises existing in soil spectroscopic data has reduced. In addition, independent and effective spectra and bands in spectroscopy of SOM were selected. Consequently, in the present research, Wavelet-PCA-PLSR and Wavelet-PCA- BRT models were developed and performance were assessed.Materials and Methods 42 surface (0-30cm) soil samples in the heterogeneous areas of urban-agricultural regions in Tehran province were collected. Soil Organic Carbon (OC) measured using Walki Black method and the samples’ spectrums were measured by ASD FieldSpec-3 spectrometer. First and second derivitation of spectral reflectance and absorbance were calculated. To reduce noises and smooth the spectrum, Sym8 matrix function of wavelet transform was used, wavelet transform is conducted to show and reconstruct characteristics in the spectrum. Principal component analysis and Hotelling's T2 test with 95% confidence level were used for outlier detection. PLSR and BRT was conducted onreflectance, absorbance and their first and second derivatives, at five levels of wavelet transform. Then, by comparing the results, the appropriate model was selected via validation. For doing the PLSR in nonlinear data, Kernel functions were used. When using numerical samples, regression trees are used instead of decision trees. But their processes are the same. In regression trees, the greedy algorithm was used. Therefore, by answering the binary question through which node the maximum data about respons variable is obtained, the root node and its two children are obtained. Producing the structure of trees is recursively repeated and a typical stopping criterion is considered. The stopping criterion can be as achievement to a split which cannot be divided and provides fewer data, or when data in the node contain 5% of the total data. Moreover, the tree size should be minimized. For splitting the node, the Ginny factor, entropy factor, etc. were used for minimizing those factors. In addition, the total square error is calculated in each branches and those with minimized values are selected. In addition, in the regression tree, the pruning process is employed for over-fitting. The BRT consists of the two regression tree and boosting techniques for improving the predictability of each of them. For calibration and validation of the model, 30 and 12 soil samples were randomly selected, respectively and R2 and RMSE were used for quantify the accuracy of models. Moreover, to select the best production factor of the PLSR mode, explained variance residual values and RMSE of validation were considered. Finally, soil organic matter map was produced using Landsat OLI satellite imagery and the proofed method for the study area.Results and Discussion The SOM value acceptably, the creation of continuous mappings with more accuracy based on noise reduction and retention of suitable data have always received researchers’ attentions. The present study tried to find the better method such a more accurate quantization of SOM using soil spectroscopic data. Using wavelet transform and outlier removal based on Hotelling's T2 via the PCA, the suitable data were extracted for producing the more accurate quantization. In this method, independent and effective bands or spectra remain in the model, while Lin et al. used wavelet transform and correlation techniques for selecting appropriate bands in estimating SOM. Since the soil reflectance is more complex and affected by several factors, using correlation method in these heterogeneous areas such as the area studied in the present study does not lead to acceptable results. Considering the data values, the unsupervised PCA method calculates principle components and eigenvalues and eigenvectors. It also tries to maximize the covariance matrix based on Singular Value Decomposition (SVD). SOM estimation models were developed using the PLSR and BRT for reflectance and absurbance spectra and their first and second derivation. Based on the results, the BRT method with RMSE and R2 values as 0.58 and 0.94, respectively leads in the better results for the data of the second derivation of reflectance. Moreover, values of RMSE and R2 in the PLSR were obtained as 1.0338 and 0.938, respectively for the data related to the second derivation of reflectance. However, comparing RMSE of the BRT and PLSR shows better results of the BRT model.Conclusion In that field measurements of chemical properties of soil such as organic matters are critically time-consuming and costly. Furthermore, measuring those properties is not possible in the large samples. So, the results of the present study indicate that in heterogeneous agricultural-urban areas, potential of the developed models such as wavelet-PCA-PLSR and wavelet-PCA-BRT can be used for estimating SOM. Meanwhile, these two algorithms do not make distributional assumptions and therefore, there are no strong assumptions about normality. Using continuous functions and satellite imagery, the map of the level of SOM in large scales can be prepared in order that it can be utilized in studies such as cultivation potential, soil fertility, and sustainable development of soil. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
94 - The Comparison of Selenium Sources Effect on Performance, Blood Metabolites and Immune Response in Holstein and Holstein- Mont Bilyard Hybrid Calves
معصومه خوش گفتار کفشگر کلائی فرزاد میرزائی آقجه قشلاق جمال سیف دواتی بهمن نویدشاد نعمت هدایت ایوریق سمیرا کرامتی جبه دارInroduction & Objective: The supplementation of selenium in animal nutrition is useful after a decline in performance due to selenium deficiency of diet. As nutritional technologies progress, new Selenium supplements such as nano selenium are available, which requir MoreInroduction & Objective: The supplementation of selenium in animal nutrition is useful after a decline in performance due to selenium deficiency of diet. As nutritional technologies progress, new Selenium supplements such as nano selenium are available, which requires research and comparison with previous products. Thus, the aim of this study was the evaluation of selenium sources effect on performance, blood metabolites and immune response in Holstein and Holstein- Mont Bilyard Hybrid calves. Material and Method: 24 sucking Holstein and Holstein-Mont Bilyard calves with mean body weight of 43±1 kg were divided in a completely randomized design for 75 days. The experimental treatments included: 1- basal diet without supplementation of selenium for Holstein-Mont Bilyard calves, 2- basal diet without supplementation of selenium for Holstein calves, 3- basal diet+0.3 mg/kgDM supplementation of nano-selenium for Holstein-Mont Bilyard calves, 4- basal diet+0.3 mg supplementation of nano-selenium for Holstein calves, 5 - Basal diet + 0.3 mg/kgDM Sodium selenite for Holstein- Mont Bilyard calves, 6- basal diet + 0.3 mg/kgDM sodium selenite for Holstein calves. The daily feed intake of calves and body weight gain and the concentrations of metabolites such as glucose, urea, triglyceride, cholesterol, total protein, glutathione peroxidase enzyme activity and the percent of lymphocyte, neutrophil and monocyte of blood samples were determined. Results: There was no significant effect on performance and also on blood glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, urea and immune response in calves. But blood total protein and glutathione peroxidase activity increased in calves. In general, the source of supplements was not effective in the level of glutathione peroxidase activity of treatments. Conclusion: There was no significant effect on performance and blood parameters of Holstein and Holstein-Mont Bilyard calves. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
95 - Study on the fungicidal effects of WELGRO® Cu+Zn in controlling rice blast disease under field condition
Hadis Shahbazi Freydoun Padash dehkaei Faramarz Alinia Seyedeh Akram Mousavi Qaleh RoudkhaniRice blast disease caused by Pyricularia oryzae Cavara is considered the most damaging disease of native rice cultivars in the north of Iran, so its chemical management has a special priority. In this study, the efficacy of 0.5, 1, and 2 kg/ha of WELGRO® (34.5% Copp MoreRice blast disease caused by Pyricularia oryzae Cavara is considered the most damaging disease of native rice cultivars in the north of Iran, so its chemical management has a special priority. In this study, the efficacy of 0.5, 1, and 2 kg/ha of WELGRO® (34.5% Copper and 37.3% Zinc) in controlling rice blast disease in comparison with 0.5 kg/ha of Tricyclazole (75% WP) were evaluated in field conditions in a randomized complete block design with four replications, in Astaneh-ye Ashrafiyeh and Rasht. For this purpose, Hashemi seedlings were transplanted at a distance of 20×20 cm in the 4×5 m plots. Treatments were applied at the first appearance of disease symptoms in the region for leaf blast and after heading for panicle blast. In the control treatments, water was sprayed. Leaf and panicle blast disease percentages were assessed seven days after the first spraying and one week before harvest, respectively. The results showed that the concentration of 2 kg/ha of WELGRO® compared to the control not only reduced leaf, node, neck, and panicle blast disease, 25.77, 24.22, 38.44, and 8.41% in Rasht and 58.70, 29.05, 43.11, and 43.15% in Astaneh-ye Ashrafiyeh, respectively, but also its efficacy in controlling blast disease and its yield and yield components was very close to that of Ticyclazole. It should be noted that the results of the present study were obtained in a situation where the severity of the blast disease in the experimental field was not in an outbreak state. If the disease is in epidemic conditions, not only the use of 2 kg/ha WELGRO®, but also the 0.5 kg/ha tricyclazole is not efficient for blast disease control. If a rice blast epidemic is not predicted, the use of WELGRO® in rotation with other fungicides can control the disease, delay fungicide resistance, and also it can be used in organic rice production. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
96 - Management of Root-Knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita with some organic amendments
Hesamedin RamezaniThe efficacy of locally available organic amendments such as neem cake, castor cake, pungam cake and vermicompost @ 400 and 500 kg/ha were evaluated against Meloidogyne incognita in medicinal Thymus vulgaris under glasshouse and field conditions. Results revealed MoreThe efficacy of locally available organic amendments such as neem cake, castor cake, pungam cake and vermicompost @ 400 and 500 kg/ha were evaluated against Meloidogyne incognita in medicinal Thymus vulgaris under glasshouse and field conditions. Results revealed that all the organic amendments were found to reduce M. incognita population and increase yield of test plant. Further, among all organic amendments, neem cake was found significantly superior in reducing the nematode population and increasing growth and yield of medicinal Thymus than pungam cake, vermicompost and caster cake. Neem cake application reduced M. incognita population 28.6 – 31.2 % in soil and neem cake amended Thymus plants recorded the gall index by 3.3 – 4.0. It increased the yield by 39.8 – 42.4 % under glasshouse condition and 9.0 % under field conditions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
97 - The effect of several inorganic compounds on oviposition and egg hatching rate of common pistachio psylla Agonoscena pistaciae Burckhardt & Lauterer (Hem.: Psyllidae) in orchard conditions
K. Ahmadi m. asadi B. ValizadehCommon pistachio psylla, Agonoscena pistaciae Burckhardt & Lauterer is a serious economic pest of pistachio orchards in the world. Chemical control is a widely applied method to manage this pest problem. The intensive use of chemical insecticides has led to the MoreCommon pistachio psylla, Agonoscena pistaciae Burckhardt & Lauterer is a serious economic pest of pistachio orchards in the world. Chemical control is a widely applied method to manage this pest problem. The intensive use of chemical insecticides has led to the development of resistant populations of the common pistachio psylla and environmental hazards. It seems that the use of inorganic compounds as insecticides is one of the ways to reduce the residual amount of dangerous toxins. In this study, the insecticidal effects of 10 kinds of inorganic compounds (subarkose, calcite, biomicrite, granite, coarse crystal sparitic limestone, monzogabbro, fine crystal sparitic limestone, monzodiorite, oomicrite and pelsparite) on oviposition and egg hatching rate were investigated. The results showed that the treated leaves with monzogabbro (0.00 ± 0.00), granite (0.54 ± 0.01), biomicrite (1.50 ± 0.21) and calcite (1.56 ± 0.17) at a concentration of 50 g/l were reported to have the greatest decrease in terms of the oviposition rate of the pest in the first year. The results of oviposition rate in the second year indicated that the treated leaves with biomicrite had a significant increase compared to calcite, granite and control. This study also showed that biomicrite treatment could not make any changes in the process of egg hatching. So, based on the results of the present study, monzogabbro, granite and calcite can be used to control pistachio psylla in pistachio orchards. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
98 - Comparative effects of organic and inorganic acaricides in control of greenhouse rose spider mite (Tetranychus spp.)
H. R. Mavali M. Arbabi H. GoharchiniWeb spotted spider mite is a major pest of greenhouse rose varieties and maximum control achieved also through acaricides application in Iran. In concern to increase acaricidal application choices, an investigation about two doses of new organic (BioMite, GC-Mite, Kingb MoreWeb spotted spider mite is a major pest of greenhouse rose varieties and maximum control achieved also through acaricides application in Iran. In concern to increase acaricidal application choices, an investigation about two doses of new organic (BioMite, GC-Mite, Kingbo), inorganic (Floramite, Danizeraba, Biok) along with cleaning agent mixed with water, carried out against rose spider mite infestation during late spring and middle of summer seasons in Bijar region of Kurdistan province of Iran. Randomized block design with three replications selected and for each replicate, 10 leaves randomly collected from different bending and vertical roses shoots. Sampling intervals followed one day before and 1, 3, 7 and 15 days after treatments during spring and summer seasons respectively. Active mite stages on lower rose’s leaf side counted with help of stereo microscope. Collected data converted into mortality% through Henderson-tilt on formula. Analysis of variance done with help SAS method and Duncan method used for ranking treatments at different interval times. Maximum mite mortality% recorded 84.61%, 91.73% one day after treatments for both danisaraba doses and effects decreased after 7 days onward for both doses. Floramite effects up to 3 days after treatments observed with considerable mite mortality% while recorded weak effects for both biok doses through sampling period. Both GC-mite doses with 67.13% and 69.14% mite control observed during late spring which reduced sustainable effects up to 40% at 15 days interval time. Detergent water treatment with 67.21% and 56.57% mite controlled after one day during spring and summer season found more effective than other organic acaricides respectively. In total, treatments effect found more significant during spring than summer seasons. Application those treatments when mean of 2-3 mites observed in 30% of the collections, will increase acaricides effects and protect further mite resistance also. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
99 - Nutritional composition,effect of four organic Side-Streams on black soldier fly larvae feeding
maryam zolfaghari emad pourfathollah anis esmailiBlack soldier fly (BSF) larvae, Hermetia illucens L. (Diptera: Stratiomyidae), can effectively convert the organic wastes into a nutrient-rich biomass and appropriate for animal feed, the composition of larve largely dependent on the composition and structure of the sid MoreBlack soldier fly (BSF) larvae, Hermetia illucens L. (Diptera: Stratiomyidae), can effectively convert the organic wastes into a nutrient-rich biomass and appropriate for animal feed, the composition of larve largely dependent on the composition and structure of the side stream which are used. The polyphage diet and the quality of the larvae's macronutrients (mainly lipids and proteins) make them suitable candidates for different applications such as organic side-streams management and using as protein sources in animal feed. In the present study, BSF larvae were reared on feed substrates composed of Mix of fruit and date pulp, Mix of fruit and olive pulp, mix of waste fruit and bread and waste fruit which is a readily available and cheap source of agriculture,s by product in Iran. The dry matter, crude fat, crude protein and ash of the BSF larvae fed each feed waste organic were quantified by chemical analyses. Larval weight, survival and feed conversion were also recorded. The results showed that the mixed of date and fruit pulp and the mixed of olive and fruit pulp are suitable diets for BSF rearing. Our findings may provide important supporting information to support the use of BSF larval meal as potential new source of nutrient- rich and supportable animal feed ingredients to substitute expensive and limited protein sources such as fishmeal and soya beanmeal. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
100 - Biomarker application in the recognition of the geochemical characteristics of crude oils from the five depobelts of the Niger Delta basin, Nigeria
Timothy Anyanwu Bassey Ekpo Boniface Oriji -
Open Access Article
101 - Organic Geochemical Evaluation of Madbi Source Rock, Al-Jawf Basin, NE Central Yemen
Abdulwahab S. Alaug Khaled A. Al-WosabiOrganic geochemical evaluation of the Madbi Formation as the main source rock of the Al-Jawf Basin, NE Central Yemen was the main objective of this study. The organic geochemical methods used in the study include: rock-eval pyrolysis, total organic carbon, and optical m MoreOrganic geochemical evaluation of the Madbi Formation as the main source rock of the Al-Jawf Basin, NE Central Yemen was the main objective of this study. The organic geochemical methods used in the study include: rock-eval pyrolysis, total organic carbon, and optical measurements as the vitrinite reflectance and thermal alteration index. In this study, 67 well core and side-well core samples of the H-1 and K-1 exploratory wells of the Al-Jawf Basin were analyzed to calculate the several organic geochemical and optical parameters. The obtained results show the presence of strong source rock probabilities within the Madbi Formation in this basin. The results are classified into three categories: poor, fair, and good source rocks, with a mixed marine Kerogen type II/III and continental Kerogen type III. The maturation of source rocks was affected by heating and re-cycling of heat events during the Cretaceous and Tertiary periods. This interpretation is strongly related to the breakup of the southern Gondwanaland and the opening of the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden. Based on the evaluation of the source rocks, the shale, calcareous shale, and claystones of the Madbi Formation are considered the main source rocks in this basin. According to the present study, the hydrocarbon potential ity is good to fair grade in the Al-Jawf Basin. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
102 - The Effect of Different Ratios Municipal Wastewater Applied in Irrigation Water on Some Physical and Chemical Properties of Soil
Alireza Ameri Najme YazdanpanahThe aim of this study was to investigate the effects of using different combinations of waste water and well water with the approach of using unconventional water on some physical and chemical properties of soil. For this purpose، a factorial experiment was conducted in MoreThe aim of this study was to investigate the effects of using different combinations of waste water and well water with the approach of using unconventional water on some physical and chemical properties of soil. For this purpose، a factorial experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with three factors. The main factors include irrigation with waste water to well water ratio in 5 levels including I1 (control: irrigation with well water)، I2 (75% well water and 25% waste water)، I3 (50% well water and 50% waste water)، I4 (25% well water and 75% waste water) and I5 (irrigation with 100% waste water)، the second factor includes two soil depths (0-30 and 30-60 cm) and the third factor includes the duration of irrigation in 5 levels (zero، 1، 2، 3 and 4 months). The results showed that soil salinity، pH and organic carbon increased with increasing irrigation time. The highest increase in salinity was observed after 4 months in I5 treatment with about 37% increase compared to the control treatment. The amount of organic carbon in treatments I4 and I5 in the surface layer increased by about 60% compared to the subsurface layer. However، waste water consumption improved hydraulic conductivity compared to well water، so that its amount increased in I5 treatment، at surface and subsurface depth by 76.7% and 80%، respectively، compared to the control treatment. The findings of this study showed that the use of treated wastewater as one of the unconventional water sources، despite increasing soil salinity، can increase organic carbon and improve soil permeability. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
103 - Synthesis and characterization of magnesium-based metal-organic frameworks and investigating the effect of coordination solvent on their biocompatibility
Saeed Reza Hormozi JangiIn this contribution, magnesium-based metal-organic frameworks (average size, 430 nm) were synthesized by a simple, low-cost, and high-efficient method utilizing different coordination solvents. The as-synthesized frameworks were then characterized by several characteri MoreIn this contribution, magnesium-based metal-organic frameworks (average size, 430 nm) were synthesized by a simple, low-cost, and high-efficient method utilizing different coordination solvents. The as-synthesized frameworks were then characterized by several characterization methods. The formation of metal-organic framework(MOF( coordination bindings was confirmed by FT-IR, EDX, UV-Vis, and SEM analyses. The organic content of the as-prepared MOFs was quantified by elemental analysis. The results showed that the coordination yield in protic solvents is higher than that of the aprotic solvents. In contrast, the organic content of the MOFs prepared in aprotic media was found to be more than that of the protic solvent due to the competitive role of aprotic solvents in the coordination process. The effect of coordination solvent on the biocompatibility of as-synthesized MOFs was also investigated using the standard protein absorption-desorption and hemolysis analysis. The protein adsorption results showed that the as-synthesized MOFs with protic solvents absorbed about 0.02 μg μg-1, which is 17.5-fold lower than that of the aprotic solvents. The hemolysis ratio of the synthesized sample in protic solvent was calculated at about 0.3%, which is 5 times lower than the hemolysis ratio of the synthetic sample in aprotic media, indicating their high erythrocyte compatibility. These findings reveal that the biocompatibility of magnesium-based metal-organic frameworks is significantly affected by the coordination solvent. The Authors strongly recommend using the results of this contribution for the synthesis of biocompatible carriers for drug and enzyme immobilization aims. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
104 - Synthesis of nickel oxide nanoparticles by using of Ferula plant extract and exploring of its photocatalytic activity in degradation of bromothymol blue
Moones Honarmand Ahmad Aryafar Majid MahjooreIn this report, for the first time, the synthesis of nickel oxide nanoparticles (NiO) was carried out by the extract of Ferula plant. No chemical reducing agents, toxic stabilizers, or dangerous solvents were used for the synthesis of nickel oxide nanoparticles, and all MoreIn this report, for the first time, the synthesis of nickel oxide nanoparticles (NiO) was carried out by the extract of Ferula plant. No chemical reducing agents, toxic stabilizers, or dangerous solvents were used for the synthesis of nickel oxide nanoparticles, and all fabrication steps were carried out in a green and mild conditions. X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) and field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) were employed to determine the phase type and morphology of biosynthesized nickel oxide nanoparticles. After characterization, in order to take a step to protect the environment, biosynthesized nickel oxide nanoparticles were utilized as an effective photocatalyst for the degradation of bromothymol blue as an organic dye. In this manner, a UV lamp was used to activate the nickel oxide photocatalyst. The degradation percentage of bromothymol blue dye reached %77.08 within 3 hours. To evaluate the feasibility of using nickel oxide nanophotocatalyst in industry, the degradation of bromothymol blue was performed on real wastewater and successful results were obtained. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
105 - Providing a Comprehensive Branding Pattern for Organic Product with a Sensory Marketing Approach
Bentolhoda Kohanzahedani Esmaeil Hassanpour Qorughchi Vahid Reza Mirabi -
Open Access Article
106 - Factors Influencing the Formation of Organic Services Marketing in Tourism Industry
Hamidreza Dehghani Samad Aali Alireza Bafandehzendeh -
Open Access Article
107 - Influence Different Level of Humic Acid and Irrigation Regime on Seed Yield and Morphological Traits of Corn under Warm and Dry Climate Condition
Kazem Banitamim Alireza Shokuhfar -
Open Access Article
108 - Evaluation Effect of Livestock Manure and Urea Fertilizer on Quantitative and Qualitative Characteristics of Corn and Correlation Between Traits (S.C 704)
Mohammad Momeni Ali Gholami -
Open Access Article
109 - Effect of Organic and Chemical Fertilizers on Growth Parameters and Essential Oil of Iranian Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.)
Jalil Dehghan Samani Abdollah Ghasemi Pirbalouti Fatemeh Malekpoor -
Open Access Article
110 - Determination Effect of Mycorrhiza and Vermicompost on Accumulation of Seed Nutrient Elements in Maize ( Zea mays L.) Affected by Chemical Fertilizer
Hadis Karami Abbas Maleki Amin Fathi -
Open Access Article
111 - Response of Leaf area index, Chlorophyll Content and Protein Concentration of Sorghum to Application Different Rate of Nitrogen Fertilizer and Vermicompost Affected Water Stress Condition
Seyedeh Zohreh Hashemi Saeed Zakernejad Khoshnaz Payandeh -
Open Access Article
112 - Response of Seed Yield, Its Components and Leaf Area Index of Spring Corn to Consume Vermicompost and Iron Nano fertilizer
Najmeh Razmandeh Saeed Zakernejad Khoshnaz Payandeh -
Open Access Article
113 - Assess Yield and Physiological Parameters of Lettuce Affected Different Types and Amounts of Some Organic Wastes
Somaieh Afsari Yeganeh Ahmad Golchin Mojtaba Delshad Vahid Abdossi -
Open Access Article
114 - Evaluation of Microbial Biomass and Soil Carbon as Well as Weed Parameters on Potato Production Affected Different Weed Management
Afshar Azadbakht Mohammad Taghi Alebrahim Hamid Reza Mohammadduost Chamanabad Akbar Ghavidel -
Open Access Article
115 - Investigation Effect of Different Level of Vermicompost and Manure on Seed Yield and Its Components of Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.)
Ahmad Zalaghi Seyed Kivan Marashi Mani Mojaddam -
Open Access Article
116 - Investigation Role of Vermicompost to Improve Quantitative and Qualitative Characteristics of Corn (Zea mays L.) Production
Mohammad Khayat -
Open Access Article
117 - Assess Effect of Phosphorus Biologic Fertilizer to Improve Crop Production under Warm and Dry Climate Condition
Azam Jafari -
Open Access Article
118 - Evaluation Effect of Biological Fertilizer (Nitroxin case study) on Corn (Zea mays L.) Crop Production
Mani Mojadam -
Open Access Article
119 - Evaluation Effect of Farmyard Manure (FYM) to Improve Cereal Crop Yield
Mohammad Khayat -
Open Access Article
120 - Uranyle Complexes: synthesis, evaluation of biological activity
Shahriar Ghammamy Rozita Hosseinzadeh Khezri Zahra Amini Monir Al-sadat Mirrahimi Masoud Soleimani Saeid Kaviani -
Open Access Article
121 - Interaction of Prolin, Leucine and methylurea with inorganic cluster [(PO4)M12O36].nH2O; (M = Mo, W)
parya nasehi Saeide Sayyahi Zahra Naeimavi Mohsen Nikpour -
Open Access Article
122 - Interaction of Prolin, Leucine and methylurea with inorganic cluster [(PO4)M12O36].nH2O; (M = Mo, W)
Paria Nasehi Saeide Sayyahi Zahra Naeimavi Mohsen Nikpour -
Open Access Article
123 - Oxidation of some organic compounds with selective catalysis – Review
Masih Golkari -
Open Access Article
124 - A Review of Synthesis of an Efficient Photocatalyst for Photocatalytic Degradation of Organic Pollutants in Effluents
Paymaneh Taghizadeh-Lendeh Amir Hossein Mohsen Sarrafi Afshar Alihosseini Naeimeh Bahri-Laleh -
Open Access Article
125 - Identifying the categories affecting the green marketing of organic products and examining the relationship between these categories using the strategy of fundamental conceptualization theory (the case of study: Cinere Company in Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Provinces)
omid mohammadi ali pirzad Sayed Najmuddin MousaviThe aim of this study was to identify the categories affecting the green marketing of organic products and to investigate the relationship between these categories using the strategy of fundamental conceptualization theory; Since the scientific research conducted in thi MoreThe aim of this study was to identify the categories affecting the green marketing of organic products and to investigate the relationship between these categories using the strategy of fundamental conceptualization theory; Since the scientific research conducted in this field was either not feasible or had shortcomings, the decision was made to conduct research in this field. The methodology considered in this research is data-based method; The statistical population consists of 10 experts who were purposefully selected. Also in the second step and library studies, texts with the keywords environment, green management and green marketing were examined and first data analysis was performed using the data-based method. And the categories were identified and then using snowball sampling and surveys of 15 experts, in order to confirm the reliability and validity of the research and validation of the results, their opinions were used. Data analysis and category identification were performed in three stages of open, centralized and selective coding, based on which in response to the main question: "What are the categories affecting the green marketing of organic products?" The categories of the research included statistics and results including: 172 identifiers, 47 concepts, and 26 categories of research results. The 26 categories were identified during a completely two-way communication around the main category, namely green marketing of organic products Became. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
126 - Comparing the organic Rankine and Kalina cycles to use the waste energy of the cascade refrigeration cycle to reduce power consumption
Mohsen Mahdavi Adeli Seyed Omidreza MousaviIn this article, a new integrated system is presented to prevent energy loss and reduce power consumption. In this system, the cascade refrigeration cycle (cooling production cycle), organic Rankine cycle (power production cycle), and Kalina cycle (power production cycl MoreIn this article, a new integrated system is presented to prevent energy loss and reduce power consumption. In this system, the cascade refrigeration cycle (cooling production cycle), organic Rankine cycle (power production cycle), and Kalina cycle (power production cycle) are used. The cascade refrigeration cycle is combined with the mentioned power generation cycles employing a heat exchanger. The heat exchanger has the role of a condenser for the cascade refrigeration cycle and the role of an evaporator for the power generation cycles. After producing cooling at a low temperature (-45°C) by the cascade refrigeration cycle, the generated heat in the cascade refrigeration cycle is utilized in the evaporator of the organic Rankine or Kalina cycles to produce the required steam instead of being wasted. The results showed that by using the organic Rankine and Kalina cycles, the power consumption of the cascade refrigeration cycle is reduced by 20.13 % and 14.06 %, respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
127 - Feasibility Study of Application of Precision Agriculture for Productivity of Manufacturing and commercialization Organic Crops
Mohsen Poorzabolzade Azita Zand Sahare Dehyuori -
Open Access Article
128 - Exploring the Factors on the Social Interaction and Market Development of Organic Agricultural Products: A Case Study of Curitiba Municipality
L. B. Pinheiro S. C. O. Pires E. M. Zanuncio M. A. Brugnera J. P. E. Zanuncio P. C. Takakura -
Open Access Article
129 - Identification and investigation of effective factors of organic products status in consumer basket of households
Fahimeh Ganjkhani Mohammad Mohammadi Hossien Zahedi -
Open Access Article
130 - Exploring the Perspective of the Managers in Cairo Municipality Management of Fruit and Vegetable Organization concerning Organic Products Marketing
Hassen Noureddine Benfetta Bouayed Sarra A. Zaky -
Open Access Article
131 - Effect of Mildew cure fungicide in controlling the cucumber powdery mildew disease
Hossain Azimi Dariush ShahriariPowdery mildew is a common and serious disease of cucurbit crops. For registering new environmentally friendly fungicides and with the aim to diversify the available fungicides, the efficacy of Mildew cure (a natural botanical fungicide) was evaluated by trials in compl MorePowdery mildew is a common and serious disease of cucurbit crops. For registering new environmentally friendly fungicides and with the aim to diversify the available fungicides, the efficacy of Mildew cure (a natural botanical fungicide) was evaluated by trials in completely randomized block design with five treatments and four replications in field and glasshouse conditions in Karaj during 2012-13. Treatments were 7.5, 10, and 15 mll-1 of Mildew cure L. 83% alongside with 0.2 gl-1 of Trifloxystrobin (Flint WG 50%) as standard fungicide and untreated control (without any spraying). Foliar applications of fungicides were made at 7 day intervals, started after early symptoms appearance and followed up until symptom expressed in untreated plants in a maximum disease severity index due to Horsfal and Barrat scale. The results were expressed as the foliage protection percentage (FPP) of each presumed area bypowdery mildew based on Horsfal and Barrat scale, then midpoint of presumed areas was calculated for each plot. Analysis of variance of trials data revealed that there are significant differences among different treatments at P<0.05 and P<0.01. Mean comparison of the treatment showed that Mildew cure 10 mll-1 decreased disease by 76.2% compared to untreated control plants in field and Mildew cure 7.5 mll-1 decreased disease incidence by 90% compared to non-sprayed check in glasshouse. Based on the results of this study, these treatments recommended for cucumber powdery mildew disease management. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
132 - Efficiency impact of several important products of nematicide on Biological Control of Tea Root Lesion Nematode (Pratylenchus loosi)
mehrnoush rajaee Ali Seraji sanam Safaei ChaeikarPratylenchus loosi, the root lesion nematode, is the most important cause agent damaging tea crop in Iran and the world. This research was carried out with the aim of evaluating the effectiveness of nematicide organic amendments at infected level with a popu MorePratylenchus loosi, the root lesion nematode, is the most important cause agent damaging tea crop in Iran and the world. This research was carried out with the aim of evaluating the effectiveness of nematicide organic amendments at infected level with a population above the injury threshold, four treatments in three replications with a randomized complete block design was done at Fashalem tea station in Gilan province. The results showed that in the infected environment with a population higher than the damage threshold, only the moisture content index, treatment of tobacco waste with 71.93% was the best treatment. In quantitative indices such as nematode population in soil and roots in infected P. loosi environments, neemarin(neem extract) treatment was most effective. There was no significant difference observed between the treatments in green leaf index, but the increase in yield was observed in comparison with the control. The results of this study showed that the use of neemarin and tobacco waste can improve the quality indices in addition to reducing the population of nematode in soil and root and as an important biological factor in controlling nematodes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
133 - Analytical study of the effects of evaporation of fuel particles on a particle cloud
Hossein sakhaeinia Farid AbdiBiomass has a complex combustion process which comprises of many variables which directly and indirectly influence the amount of efficiency of pollutants emissions. In this article an attempt has been made to study the caused by the evaporation of the fuel particles on MoreBiomass has a complex combustion process which comprises of many variables which directly and indirectly influence the amount of efficiency of pollutants emissions. In this article an attempt has been made to study the caused by the evaporation of the fuel particles on cloud organic particles. It is assumed that cloud organic particles have been evenly distributed and because of some gradients are influenced by the force of thermofortic.For this study a model of a bottle for the assessment of the characteristic of the flame has been used. In order to simplify the model, the frontal structure of the flame has been divided into three areas: Preheat area, Evaporation area, Flame area. Finally, a standard method in order to solve the equations has been used. Ultimately by using these equations ruling physics and also other equations and the results obtained by this model and the experimental data have been compared and good accord between them has been achieved Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
134 - Determining the amount of total organic carbon using satellite imagery and artificial neural network model (Case study area: Mountain Mish, Gachsaran city)
kamran mojardThe amount of Total Organic Carbon (TOC) is one of the most important parameter in evaluating hydrocarbon source rocks. Therefore, it is necessary to estimate of source rock by a method. There are several methods for estimating the of source rocks. One of the earliest m MoreThe amount of Total Organic Carbon (TOC) is one of the most important parameter in evaluating hydrocarbon source rocks. Therefore, it is necessary to estimate of source rock by a method. There are several methods for estimating the of source rocks. One of the earliest methods is the traditional method, which is very expensive and time consuming, so researchers are looking for more efficient methods. Given the high potential of remote sensing and spectral VIR spectra, the VNIR makes it possible to estimate the characteristics of the origin rock at a lower cost basis. Different quantitative and qualitative methods are used to establish a relationship between the concentration of rock elements and the spectrum obtained from remote sensing data. In this study, we tried to estimate the total organic carbon content of the total origin rock using the OLI Landsat 8 image sensor and using the MLP artificial neural network model. For this purpose, the band of 5 spectral ranges (0.845-0.8585) with Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.62 was chosen for the neural network. An artificial neural network with neurons in the secret layer with R2 = 0.79 and RMSE = 0.0008 were selected to generate a total organic carbon map. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
135 - Investigation of accumulation and pollution of heavy metals (mercury, lead, nickel and vanadium) related to oil and petrochemical industries in mud and sandy sediments in the Creek of Mahshar
samira esmaili Mahnaz sadat sadeghi mozhgan emtyazjooPollution of aquatic ecosystems with heavy metals is one of the global problems in developed countries. In this study, we investigated the concentrations of heavy metals nickel, lead, mercury and vanadium by sampling sediments using Vane Veen Grab at depths of 5, 10 and MorePollution of aquatic ecosystems with heavy metals is one of the global problems in developed countries. In this study, we investigated the concentrations of heavy metals nickel, lead, mercury and vanadium by sampling sediments using Vane Veen Grab at depths of 5, 10 and 15 meters from 4 stations including estuary Musa, Ahmadi, Ghazaleh and Ghanam in the port. Imam Khomeini was paid in 1396. Based on the results of this study, it was found that the average concentration of metals in different stations 38.79 to 64.17 for nickel, 2.23 to 13.18 for lead, 0.87 to 8.12 for mercury and 39.32 to 62.26 μg / g was obtained for vanadium. The results of one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that the concentration of metals in different stations was significantly different (P <0.05), the highest concentration was related to nickel and the lowest was related to mercury.. The results of ANOVA test showed that the concentration of metals was significantly different in sediment particles (P <0.05). The highest concentration of metals was observed in clay particles. There was no significant difference between metal concentrations at different depths (P> 0.05). Igeo was calculated to evaluate the level of metal pollution and based on this index, it was determined that Musa and Ahmadi estuaries are contaminated with respect to all metals, Ghazaleh estuary with respect to mercury and nickel, but Ghanam estuary is not contaminated. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
136 - Analyzing the Impact of the Physical Form of Neighborhoods on Walkability
Maryam Mohamadi Mahsa Mostafaei -
Open Access Article
137 - Removal of organic substances in aerobic and anaerobic brouch tannery wastewater
Ahmad Asl hashemiThe organic load of the crude leachate solution and the effluent of the anaerobic solution are determined by DOC and UV 254 and the role of molecular weight is investigated by ultrafiltration. On average, by GC-Us 77 analysis, the specific composition in crude wastewate MoreThe organic load of the crude leachate solution and the effluent of the anaerobic solution are determined by DOC and UV 254 and the role of molecular weight is investigated by ultrafiltration. On average, by GC-Us 77 analysis, the specific composition in crude wastewater is detected and the values are between 17-81 mg / c. 80% of these compounds have been identified and classified into 12 groups, of which aromatic carboxylates and short chains and dicarboxylates are predominant in raw wastewater.Keywords: Organic materials, Wastewater, Leather making, Aerobic and anaerobic treatment. The average DOC content in raw wastewater is 900 mg / l, which corresponds to a discharge of 23 kg / ton of raw leather. Several toxic compounds in crude wastewater are identified by GC-Us analysis, with P-cersol and mercaptonendo thiozyl present significantly. These compounds are only tested to a limited extent by a light-limiting test. Subsequent aerobic treatment leaves an average of 15% of the raw wastewater DOC and 50% of the UV254. Finally, the quality of the effluent in the combined aerobic-anaerobic method is compared with the anaerobic method. The anaerobic phase is also effective in reducing the amount and number of compounds measured with low molecular weight. Despite substantial improvements in the quality of wastewater leathery, resistant materials and even materials that may be deformed during anaerobic-aerobic treatment are of environmental concern. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
138 - Effect of Organic and Inorganic Fertilizers on Quantitative and Qualitative Characteristics of Pearl Millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) and Red Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in Intercropping
A. Tavassoli A. Ghanbari D. Ramazan S.M. Mousavi-nikThis experiment was conducted at Agriculture Research Center of Zabol University during 2007 cropping season. The experiment was split plot, based on randomized complete block design with three replications. The main factors consisted of unfertilized (control) (F1), rec MoreThis experiment was conducted at Agriculture Research Center of Zabol University during 2007 cropping season. The experiment was split plot, based on randomized complete block design with three replications. The main factors consisted of unfertilized (control) (F1), recommended fertilizer (F2), recommended manure (F3), half of recommended manure + half of recommended fertilizer (F4) and sub factors were cropping of millet (I1), 75% millet + 25% bean (I2), 50% millet + 50% bean(I3), 25% millet + 75% bean (I4) and sole crop of bean (I5). Results showed that were for these tow species the highest grain and dry matter yield and harvest index (HI) obtained from half of recommended manure + half of recommended fertilizer treatment. However, fertilizer treatments did not have significant effect on 1000-seeds weight. Highest land equivalence ratio (LER) for grain and dry matter yield was achieved from half of recommended manure + half of recommended fertilizer treatment. The highest crude protein (CP), P and K content in each of the forage crops obtained from recommended fertilizer treatment. Interrace culture different ratios treatments, for millet the highest grain and dry matter yield and P and K content achieved from sole cropping. While highest harvest index (HI), 1000-seeds weight and CP content in millet forage obtained from their intercroppings. Highest bean values for all traits in achieved from its sole cropping. Furthermore, highest LER for dry matter and grain obtained from 25% millet + 75% bean treatment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
139 - Evaluating Some Growth Parameters, Water Relations and Yield of Cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) as Affected by Quality Water Irrigations and Different Fertilizers
احمد Ghanbari J. Bardel M. KhajehTo evaluate the effects of quality of irrigation water and kinds of fertilizer on yield and some cumin’s physiological parameters, a split-plot experiment in randomized complete block design with three replications was conducted at the Research Farm of Zabol Unive MoreTo evaluate the effects of quality of irrigation water and kinds of fertilizer on yield and some cumin’s physiological parameters, a split-plot experiment in randomized complete block design with three replications was conducted at the Research Farm of Zabol University. Main factor was two levels of water irrigation, fresh and natural saline water (EC: 4.180 dS.m-1) and the sub-plots consisted of control, NPK fertilizer, manure and their combination. Analysis of plant growth parameters were performed according to the four times samplings. The results indicated that increasing the concentration of soluble salts in water irrigation until 4.180 dS.m-1 resulted in significant decrease in dry matter, biomass duration, crop growth rate, relative growth rate, relative water content of shoots and roots and yield; It was also showed that application NPK-fertilizer at rate 40:20:15 kg.ha-1 combined with manure with 20 ton.ha-1 can improve growth characters, RWC and yield of cumin as compared to the use of fertilizer separately. The highest dry matter (0.544 g. per plant) were obtained from integrated fertilizer and saline water irrigation treatments at 105 days after sowing. It also emphasized that balanced supply organic fertilizers of micro and macro nutrients for plants can reduce application of chemical fertilizer in fields, without reducing of growth characters and yield of cumin. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
140 - The Effect of Cover Crops on Yield and Weeds Control of Patato (Solanum tuberosum L.)
Soghra Ghahremani Ali Ebadi Ahmad Tobeh Masoud Hashemi Mohammad Sedghi Abdolghayum GholipuriUsing an effective management method can reduce weed contamination of main crop plants. To investigate the effect of cover crops on weed control and potato yield an experiment was conducted based on randomized complete block design with three replications at Research Fi MoreUsing an effective management method can reduce weed contamination of main crop plants. To investigate the effect of cover crops on weed control and potato yield an experiment was conducted based on randomized complete block design with three replications at Research Field of University of Mohaghegh Ardabili in autumn of 2017 and spring of 2018. Experimental treatments consisted of oat (Avena sativa L.), white radish (Raphanus sativus L.) and double blend cultivation with 50% seed ratio and control treatment at 2017 (autumn) and subsequent potato planting in 2018 (spring). The results showed that the cover crops had a significant effect on lambsquarter (Chenopodium album L.), Amaranthus retroflexus L. and total weeds biomass in the main crop (potato) but not on other weeds (including Cirsium arvense L.). The highest biomass (466.1 g.m-2) among the cover crops and the lowest winter weeds biomass were related to white radish monoculture. The lowest weed biomass of amaranthus and total weeds biomass were obtained from white radish, and the lowest biomass of lambsquarter was obtained from white radish+oat. White radish was able to control 45.7% of total weed biomasses compared to control treatment. The highest yield and average tuber weight, marketable percentage and the lowest small potato tubers were obtained by white radish. White radish had the highest yield (3.74 kg.m-2), which increased potato yield by 46.3%, as compared to the control treatment. The highest number of potato tubers was obtained from oat as cover crop. Growing white radish along with oats also had the highest percentage of oversize tubers. In general, white radish can be a good choice to be used for winter cover crop before potato planting, either as a intercropping with Poaceae species or as a monoculture. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
141 - Effect of Application Methods of Vermicompost and Chemical Fertilizers on Tuber Yield and Some Morphological Traits of Potato (Solanum tuberosum)
Farnaz Monaghash Abbas Maleki Heydar ZolnorianTo investigate the effect of vermicompost, chemical fertilizers and their application methods on tuber yield and some morphological traits of potato (Agria cultivar) an experiment was carried out in Mahidasht Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center in Kermans MoreTo investigate the effect of vermicompost, chemical fertilizers and their application methods on tuber yield and some morphological traits of potato (Agria cultivar) an experiment was carried out in Mahidasht Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center in Kermanshah Province during 2012-2013 cropping season. The experiment was carried out in a split plot factorial using a randomized complete block design with four replications. Levels of vermicompost (0, 1.5, 2.5, 3.5 t/ha) were assigned to main plots, and chemical fertilizers with three levels (0, 50 and 100 % chemical fertilizer recommended) of the amount of 225 kg/ha of urea, 150 kg/ha of potassium sulfate, 105 kg/ha of triple super phosphate and 52 kg/ha zinc sulfate and on 50% level respectively 112.5, 75, 52.5 and 26 kg/ha and fertilizer application methods at 3 levels (broadcast, one band and two band application) to subplots. The results showed that increasing the amount of vermicompost about 3.5 t/ha and reducing chemical fertilizer by 50% and applying it in two band increased plant height, number of stems per plant and tuber yield. The highest tuber yield was obtained from application of 3.5 t/ha of vermicompost, 50% chemical fertilizer and two band fertilizer applications (37 t/ha). This study indicated the positive effect of vermicompost on potato tuber yield. Thus, it can be suggested that combined application of chemical fertilizers and organic fertilizers may reduce chemical fertilizers usage and reduce also the environmental pollutions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
142 - Effects of Mycorrhizal Symbiosis along with Vermicompost and Tea Compost on Quantity and Quality Yield of Mentha aquatic L.
Mostafa Koozehgar Kaleji Mohammad Reza Ardakani Naser Khodabandeh Mojtaba Alavi FazelTo evaluate the effect of organic fertilizers and mycorrhizal symbiosis on yield components and percentage of essence of Mentha aquatica, a factorial experiment based on a randomized complete block design with 8 treatments and 4 replications was conducted in Sari, in 20 MoreTo evaluate the effect of organic fertilizers and mycorrhizal symbiosis on yield components and percentage of essence of Mentha aquatica, a factorial experiment based on a randomized complete block design with 8 treatments and 4 replications was conducted in Sari, in 2014. The experimental treatments were mycorrhizal fuangi (Glomus mosseae) with two levels (0 and 10% per pot), vermi-compost with two levels (0 and 10% per pot) and compost of tea with two levels (0 and 1.5 liter per pot). The results showed that use of organic fertilizer and mycorrhizal symbiosis significantly improved the quantity and quality characters Mentha aquatica. Use of organic and biological fertilizers had a significant effect on most of the measured traits and increased all of the traits as compared to those of control. Thus, highest plant height, leaf number, seed number per plant, plant dry weight, root length, root diameter, leaf area index, essence present and essence yield were obtained by using mycorrhizal symbiosis and compost tea, vermin-compost as compared to those of control treatment. Generally, the use of organic and biofertilizers, produced optimum quality and quantity of Mentha aquatica. In fact, increased performance of organic and biological fertilizers improved the activity of plant growth regulators and reduced elemental leaching and thus resulted in higher absorption of nutrients, increased plant growth, seed yield and essential oil content of Mentha aquatica. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
143 - Assessment of Changes in Weed Dry Weight and some Characteristics of Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius) under Different Sources of Fertilizer and Intercropping
Saeid Heydarzadeh Jalal JalilianTo study the effect of different organic and chemical fertilizers on weed biomass and some characteristics of safflower, a factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replications was done at the Urmia University Reaearch Farm in 2013. Trea MoreTo study the effect of different organic and chemical fertilizers on weed biomass and some characteristics of safflower, a factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replications was done at the Urmia University Reaearch Farm in 2013. Treatments consisted of growing of cover crops (red clover, grass pea, hairy, bitter vetch) along with the safflower rows and two weed control treatments (with and without weed) as a first factor and application of organic manure (cattle manure+biofertilizer) and the different nitrogen and phosphuros fertilizer levels (100 % of recommended chemical fertilizer, 67 and 63 % of recommended N and P, 50 and 40 % of recommended N and P) as second factor. Results showed that the biomass yield of broad and narrow leaf weeds affected by the combined treatments of cover crops and use of fertilizers. The biomass yield of broad and narrow leaf weeds were redused by 74.78, 82.22% under vetch cover crop when 50 and 40% of recommended N and P fertilizers were used, in comparison with sole culture of safflower and use of 100% of recommended chemical fertilizers. The maximum of seed yield (3431 kg.ha-1) and biological yield (8239 kg.ha-1) of safflower obtained from using 100% of recommended chemical fertilizers and without growing cover crops. Results, as a whole, showed that at higher levels of chemical fertilizers the competitive effects of weeds on safflower were higher than lower levels of fertilizers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
144 - Study of quality characteristics, microbial contamination, heavy metals and toxins in different types of internal and imported rice
S. Naji-Tabasi A. Verdian H. Zamani L. Asghari SH. ShirzaeiRice is one of the major food commodities for half of the world's population. In Iran, rice is a strategic product that is the main strength of the people after bread, and it is expected this product supplies with appropriate quality and placed in the household basket. MoreRice is one of the major food commodities for half of the world's population. In Iran, rice is a strategic product that is the main strength of the people after bread, and it is expected this product supplies with appropriate quality and placed in the household basket. In this study, qualitative characteristics, amount of impurities, the concentration of heavy metals (cadmium, arsenic, and lead), microbial growth (mold and yeast), aflatoxin concentration, and pesticides in rice crop in different regions of Mazandaran (three species Tarom, Shiroodi, and Neda), Gilan (three species of Tarom, Ali Kazemi and Hashemi), three samples of organic rice (first crop, second crop and brown), and rice imported from Pakistan (three brands) and Indian rice (two brands) Was examined. The longitudinal range of increase was found to be 6.68-7.62, 7.60-7.62, 6.68-7.62, 6.50-7.00 and 5.80-6.20 mm for Pakistan, Indian, Mazandaran, Gilan and organic cultivars. Indian cultivars A, B, and Gilan (Hashemi) had the lowest, and Pakistani cultivar A had the highest impurities. Most of the perfumes belonged to Gilan (Talesh) and Mazandaran (Tarom). The highest starch gelatinisation and lowest amount of heavy metals were observed in Iranian cultivar samples. According to general estimates, the highest amount of heavy metals was measured in Pakistani rice, followed by Indian and then Iranian rice. The concentration of Aflatoxin in all samples, except for Pakistan samples, was lower than the detection limit. According to the results, the sample of organic rice with the least consumption of pesticides, the minimum amount of heavy metal, microbial and mycotoxin contamination is recommended to ensure public health. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
145 - The effects of using of probiotic, organic acid and blends of some medicinal herbs on performance, egg quality, blood biochemical and immunity parameters of laying hens
علی Sayiedpiran علی Nobakht صابر KhodaeiThis experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of using of probiotic, organic acid and blends of some medicinal herbs on performance, egg quality, blood biochemical and immunity parameters of laying hens. The experiment was carried out in a completely randomized MoreThis experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of using of probiotic, organic acid and blends of some medicinal herbs on performance, egg quality, blood biochemical and immunity parameters of laying hens. The experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design with one hundred and ninety two of Hy-Line (W36) laying hens from 37 to 49 weeks of age. There were randomly assigned to 4 dietary treatments with 4 replicates and 12 hens in each replicate. The treatments included: 1) control group 2) using 0.005 % of probiotic (Protexin®), 3) using 0.2% of propionic acid and treatment 4) using blends of medicinal herbs (zizaphora, Menta pulagum, peppermint and nettle. The results showed that there were some significant difference in performance and egg quality between experimental groups (p>0.05). The highest amount of egg mass production (51.38g), and the best value of feed conversion (2.04)), were observed in experiment group 3. Whereas the best yolk color index (4.5) was observed in experiment group 4. There were not observed any significantly difference between experimental groups in blood biochemical and immunity parameters. With consideration in obtained results in laying hens using probiotic, organic acid and blends of some medicinal herbs have positive effects on performance and egg yolk color. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
146 - A brief overview on the application of cellulose as an efficient and effective catalyst in organic reactions
Abdulhamid Dehghani Milad Ghezelsofloo Yousef Delshad Soheil Dehghani SiyahakiThe production of renewable and valuable chemicals from renewable biomass sources such as cellulose has attracted global attention in order to create sustainable societies. Cellulose is the most abundant non-food biomass and is of great economic importance. Unlike tradi MoreThe production of renewable and valuable chemicals from renewable biomass sources such as cellulose has attracted global attention in order to create sustainable societies. Cellulose is the most abundant non-food biomass and is of great economic importance. Unlike traditional catalysts derived from petroleum sources, cellulose offers several advantages such as renewability, biodegradability and compatibility with the principles of green chemistry. The use of heterogeneous catalysis can allow researchers to develop environmentally safe processes. Cellulose-based catalysts have shown significant activity in a wide range of reactions including hydrogenation, oxidation and polymerization. Their versatility is due to their ability to support all kinds of metal nanoparticles that act as active catalysis sites. Stabilization of metal nanoparticles on cellulose brings several advantages, including improving stability, preventing the accumulation of nanoparticles, and increasing their dispersibility. Cellulose shows its potential to create a great revolution in green chemistry. Therefore, cellulose's versatility, sustainability, and tunable properties make it an essential catalyst for a greener future. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the use of cellulose as a catalyst in organic reactions by Iranian researchers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
147 - An overview on the structure, synthesis methods and applications of metal-organic frameworks
Majid Rouzifar Sara SobhaniMetal-organic frameworks (MOFS), which are known as porous coordination polymers, have attracted the attention of countless researchers in recent years. These structures are a new class of porous materials, which are formed by connecting metal ions or clusters with poly MoreMetal-organic frameworks (MOFS), which are known as porous coordination polymers, have attracted the attention of countless researchers in recent years. These structures are a new class of porous materials, which are formed by connecting metal ions or clusters with polydentate organic ligands by covalent bonds. Compared to other porous compounds such as zeolites, silica, and activated carbon, coordination polymers are considered multifunctional materials with different properties due to the ability to adjust the surface of the cavity, size, shape, and functional groups of the surface of their cavities. For this reason, these compounds are used in different fields, including gas storage and absorption, manufacturing of various sensors, material separation, medical, biological, environmental and catalysis applications. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
148 - Effect of fire vegetation on some properties of soil in rangelands of Bamo national park in Shiraz
Parviz Gholami Jamshid Ghorbani Hasan AbbasiFire is one of the effective ecological factors influencing the growth, development and evolution of plant communities especially in arid and semi arid areas. Knowledge of the effects of fire on different components of an ecosystem is important for post-fire vegetation MoreFire is one of the effective ecological factors influencing the growth, development and evolution of plant communities especially in arid and semi arid areas. Knowledge of the effects of fire on different components of an ecosystem is important for post-fire vegetation management. In this study, the effects of fire on species composition and subsequently on soil were studied in Bamoo National Park in Shiraz. The study was carried out on two sites (Chah Sorkh and Palayeshgah), each with a control area (unburned) and two burned areas 1-year and 5 years old after fire. Each of area was used the three transects. For response of some properties of soil to burning were used of one way ANOVA analysis and multivariate analysis. Results of the analysis in two sites (Chah Sorkh and Palayeshgah) showed that the properties soil, organic matter soil than other soil properties, had been solidarity with the fire area burning. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
149 - The effect of spraying humic acid on some morphological and physiological traits of bean (Vicia faba L.)
Morteza Sam Deliri samaneh roudgarnezhad Amir Abbas Mousavi Mirkalaei Mojtaba neshaee moghaddamIn order to evaluate the effect of spraying humic acid on some morphological and physiological traits of fava bean, a factorial experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications in Chalous during 2014-16. The investigated factors inc MoreIn order to evaluate the effect of spraying humic acid on some morphological and physiological traits of fava bean, a factorial experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications in Chalous during 2014-16. The investigated factors included spraying time at three levels (before planting, mid-vegetative growth, and the beginning of reproductive growth) and the amount of humic acid spraying at four levels (0, 200, 300, and 400 mg/l/ha). The results of analysis of variance showed that the interaction of year × amount of humic acid on the most studied traits showed a significant difference at a probability level of 1%. Also, interaction of year × consumption time of humic acid had a positive and significant effect on dry weight of 100 seeds, grain yield, and nitrogen and potassium contents of seeds at p≤0.01. Triple interaction of year × amount × consumption time of humic acid on nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium contents were significant at p≤0.05. Comparison of means showed that spraying humic acid at 200 mg /L/ha had a positive and significant effect on fresh weight of 100 seeds and grain yield. Also, spraying humic acid at 300 mg/L/ha at the second stage of vegetative growth in the second year was effective on the concentrations of potassium and phosphorus in seeds. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
150 - The effects of vermicompost and Azomite on growth parameters, biochemical traits and absorption of nutrients in summer savory (Satureja hortensis L.)
Rasoul Narimani Mohammad Moghaddam Hassan Ebrahimi Danial ShokouhiVermicompost as a bio-fertilizer increases plant yield and improves its growth traits through improving the physicochemical properties of the soil and enhancement of nutrients absorption by plants. Azomite also improves plant yield and growth traits through exhaustive r MoreVermicompost as a bio-fertilizer increases plant yield and improves its growth traits through improving the physicochemical properties of the soil and enhancement of nutrients absorption by plants. Azomite also improves plant yield and growth traits through exhaustive range of beneficial elements. In order to investigate effects of different levels of vermicompost and Azomite application on growth and some qualitative characteristics and mineral absorption of summer savory, a pot factorial experiment was conducted based on a completely randomized design with three replications and two factors, namely vermicompost and Azomite in four levels (0, 5, 10, and 15%) and (0, 3, 6, and 9 g/kg soil), respectively in the research greenhouse of Agriculture Faculty, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad in 2018. The traits under investigation included plant height, plant fresh and dry weight, number of branches, relative water content, photosynthetic pigments, antioxidant activity, total phenolic and soluble carbohydrates content, as well as absorption of nutrients. Results showed that application 10% and 15% vermicompost combined with 3 grams of Azomite per kg of soil increased significantly plant growth parameters such as leaf and stem fresh and dry weight, internode length, and stem diameter as well as biochemical traits such as relative water content, soluble sugar content, and photosynthetic pigments compared to control plants (non-application of vermicompost and Azomite). The interaction between vermicompost and Azomite had a significant effect on nitrogen, phosphorus, sodium, iron, zinc, and manganese concentrations. The use of vermicompost (levels 10% and 15%) with Azomite (at all three levels) significantly increased the concentration of these elements compared to the control treatment. It was also observed that the use of vermicompost as alone caused a significant increase in potassium and magnesium in plants compared with non-fertilized treatment. In general, the results of this experiment showed that using vermicompost and Azomite mineral fertilizer can improve quantitative and qualitative traits and absorption of nutrients in summer savory. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
151 - Evaluation of the combined effect of organic and chemical fertilizers on some morphological, physiological, characteristics yield components and performance of sweet pepper (Caspsicum Annuum, Var: Traviata) under field conditions
sayd fazel fazeli kakhki hossein rezvani morteza goldani nastaran hemmatiIn order to investigate the combined effect of organic and chemical fertilizers on vegetative and yield characteristics of sweet pepper (Caspsicum annuum, Var: Traviata), an experiment was conducted on a randomized complete block design with three replications at Ferdow MoreIn order to investigate the combined effect of organic and chemical fertilizers on vegetative and yield characteristics of sweet pepper (Caspsicum annuum, Var: Traviata), an experiment was conducted on a randomized complete block design with three replications at Ferdowsi University Research Station Mashhad, in 2017. Treatments included control (without adding any fertilizer), NPK fertilizer, manure, vermicompost, vermicompost + chemical fertilizer, manure + chemical fertilizer, manure + vermicompost, and manure + vermicompost + chemical fertilizer. Results showed that the application of combined animal and chemical fertilizers significantly increased the morphological and yield components of the plant. The highest plant height, leaf number, leaf area, shoot dry weight, SPAD index, fruit length, number of fruits per plant, and fruit fresh weight per plant were obtained from combined treatment of manure and chemical fertilizers. Applying combined manure and chemical fertilizers increased the amount of stomata conductance about 45% in comparison with the control. The highest number of stomata in fruit was obtained from vermicompost treatment and the highest fruit diameter was recorded from combined vermicompost and chemical fertilizer. In general, the results showed that the combined application of manure and chemical fertilizer due to the effect of improving physical and chemical structure of soil, stimulation of some microorganisms, and availability of nutrients, led to increases in the morphological traits, yield components, and yield of sweet pepper. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
152 - Study on the effect of applying different levels of olive pomace (Olea europaea L.) on the grain yield of three rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars in climatic conditions of Khuzestan
azadeh niroomand Mansour Seyyednejad farshad abrahimpour Abdolali Gilani Golamreza BakhshikhanikiThis study was performed to investigate the effect of applying olive (Olea europaea L.) pomace on some physiological characteristics and grain yield of three cultivars of rice (Oryza sativa L.). A pot experiment was used based on a completely randomized factorial design MoreThis study was performed to investigate the effect of applying olive (Olea europaea L.) pomace on some physiological characteristics and grain yield of three cultivars of rice (Oryza sativa L.). A pot experiment was used based on a completely randomized factorial design with three replications. Five levels of olive fruit pomace (0, 1, 3, 5, and 7% w/w) were applied to three rice cultivars of Champa, Danial, and Red Anbouri. After full growth and maturity of rice, grain soluble carbohydrate content, shoot proline content, mean panicle weight, main grain number per panicle, 1000 grain weight, panicle harvest index, grain yield, 1000-grain, and the biomass were measured. Also, the amount of K, P, N, and Zn in the different treatments of olive fruit pomace was measured. The results showed that application of olive pomace caused a significant increase in the characteristics under investigation compared to control. Under study treatments, growth indices improved at 5% w/w. The possible reason for this could be the existence of elements effective on plant growth in pomace treatments. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
153 - Effect of amount of sugarcane compost and nitrogen on quantitative and qualitative yield of corn (Zea mays L.)
Seyed Keyvan Marashi Forogh ZadehomidiConsidering the production of sugarcane compost in some sugarcane companies and the need for using these products as organic fertilizers to reduce the application of chemical fertilizers, this experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of different amounts of su MoreConsidering the production of sugarcane compost in some sugarcane companies and the need for using these products as organic fertilizers to reduce the application of chemical fertilizers, this experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of different amounts of sugarcane compost and nitrogen fertilizer on quantitative and qualitative yield of corn. In this study, split plots were used in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The treatments consisted of different amounts of sugarcane compost at three levels of 0, 15, and 30 ton/ha as main plots and nitrogen fertilizer from urea source at three levels of 80, 160, and 240 kg/ha nitrogen as sub plots. Results showed that the effect of sugarcane compost and nitrogen on number of rows per ear, number of seeds per ear, 1000 grain weight, grain yield, and protein yield were significant but the effect of interaction between treatments on all traits were not significant. The maximum grain yield and protein yield were obtaied under 30 ton/ha sugar cane compost and 240 kg/ha nitrogen and the minimum grain yield and protein yield were in non-consuming sugarcane compost and 80 kg/ha nitrogen. In general, the results of experiment showed that increasing the application of sugarcane compost and nitrogen up to 30 ton/ha and 240 kg/ha, had a significant effect on quantitative and qualitative yield of corn and can be considered by farmers and researchers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
154 - Evaluating some qualitative and quantitative indices of local rice cultivars in paddy field planting systems in north of Iran
Nader Moeini MOHAMMAD REZA DADASHI Salman Dastan Abolfazl FarajiThis experiment was conducted with the aim of evaluating the planting systems of local rice cultivars in the research paddy fields located in Neka, Sari and Babol during 2017 and 2018. Data analysis was done based on a factorial experiment in a complete randomized block MoreThis experiment was conducted with the aim of evaluating the planting systems of local rice cultivars in the research paddy fields located in Neka, Sari and Babol during 2017 and 2018. Data analysis was done based on a factorial experiment in a complete randomized blocks design where planting systems including conventional, high-input, transition to organic, organic, and low-input were chosen as the first factor and cultivars including ‘Sang Tarom’, ‘Tarom Mahalli’, and ‘Tarom Hashemi’ served as the second factor. Results demonstrated that the highest mean number of panicle per m2 in both years belonged to the high-input system. The highest fourth internode lodging index was obtained at interaction of high-input and conventional system with ‘Sang Tarom’. The maximum paddy yield in both years was produced in high-input and conventional systems. The highest grain phosphorous uptake, nitrogen harvest index, potassium harvest index, and gel consistency were achieved in high-input and conventional systems. The highest grain milling efficiency in the first year belonged to the conventional system (72.83%), but in the second year, it belonged to the transition to organic system (75%). Gelatinization temperature in both years was maximum in the conventional system while it was minimum in the low-input and organic systems. Regarding the findings, it can be stated that high-input and conventional systems resulted in increase of quantitative yield, but organic and transition to organic systems led to an increased NPK uptake and improvement of the grain baking related traits. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
155 - Evaluation of morphophysiological reaction of Eryngium campestre under the influence of nitroxin, humic acid and glycine
Zeinab Nasrollahnejad Khodayar Hemmati Vahid Erfani Moghaddam Mehrdad BabarabieEryngium campestre is a medicinal plant belonging to the Apiaceae family, which is very important in the pharmaceutical industry. The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of glycine, nitroxin fertilizer, and humic acid on morphophysiological traits of E MoreEryngium campestre is a medicinal plant belonging to the Apiaceae family, which is very important in the pharmaceutical industry. The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of glycine, nitroxin fertilizer, and humic acid on morphophysiological traits of Eringum campster. The experiment was conducted in factorial based on a completely randomized design with 3 factors namely, nitroxin (0, 1, 2 ml.l-1), humic acid (0, 1, 2 ml.l-1), and glycine (0, 75, 150 g.L-1) and 3 replications in the greenhouse of Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources in the autumn of 2019. The measured traits included root fresh weight, root dry weight, root length, plant height, number of leaves, leaf surface, and absorption rate of nitrogen, potassium, and phosphorus elements by leaves. Results showed that the traits measured under nitroxin, glycine, and humic acid factors separately and in combination with each other were significantly different compared to the control. In general, the results showed that the factors used in this study had the potential to improve the quantitative and qualitative traits of the Eringum campster plant and can be used in commercial production. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
156 - Effect of fulvic acid and amino acid on phenol, flavonoids, antioxidant activity and pigments of coriander medicinal plant (Coriandrum sativum L.)
Mohammed Hossein Aminifard mozhgan gholamy Hassan Bayat Farid MoradinezhadThe effects of applications of fulvic acid and amino acid on biochemical characteristics of coriander were evaluated under field conditions. Treatments were tow levels of amino acid (0 and 3 per thousand) and three levels of fulvic acid (0, 5 and 10 kg ha-1). The experi MoreThe effects of applications of fulvic acid and amino acid on biochemical characteristics of coriander were evaluated under field conditions. Treatments were tow levels of amino acid (0 and 3 per thousand) and three levels of fulvic acid (0, 5 and 10 kg ha-1). The experiment was designed as factorial arrangement based on randomized complete block design with three replications at the Research station of Faculty of Agriculture University of Birjand. The results showed that fulvic acid had significant effect on biochemical characteristics (antioxidant activity, flavonoids phenol, anthocyanin, carbohydrate, chlorophyll a, b, total chlorophyll and carotenoid), so that the highest of antioxidant activity (77.9 %) was obtained from with application of 10 kg/ ha fulvic acid and the lowest antioxidant activity (65.1 %) was observed from control treatment. Amino acid also affected the antioxidant activity, flavonoids, chlorophyll a and total chlorophyll content. The highest of flavonoids (8.13 mg/g) was obtained with application of 3 per thousand of amino acid. The results of interactions showed that fulvic acid and amino acid had significant effect on antioxidant activity, flavonoids, anthocyanin, chlorophyll a and total chlorophyll, so that, the highest of anthocyanin (1.84 mg/g) were obtained by with application of 3 per thousand of amino acid and 5kg ha-1 fulvic acid and the lowest of anthocyanin (0.87 mg/g) was observed from control treatment. In general, the results indicated a positive effect of fulvic acid and amino acid on the biochemical traits of coriander. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
157 - Effects of different levels of humic acid and planting density on antioxidant activity and biochemical properties of Trigonella foenum- graecum L.
Mohammed Hossein Aminifard homeyra. ghaderiFenugreek (Trigonellafoenum- graecum L.) is one of the significant medicinal plants and application of organic materials is very important for achieving maximum yields of that. In this study, the effects of applications of humic acid and planting density on biochemical MoreFenugreek (Trigonellafoenum- graecum L.) is one of the significant medicinal plants and application of organic materials is very important for achieving maximum yields of that. In this study, the effects of applications of humic acid and planting density on biochemical characteristics of fenugreek were evaluated under field conditions. Treatments were of three levels of humic acid (0.5 and 10 kg ha-1) and two plant density (25 and 50 plants/m2). This experiment was carried out as factorial based on randomized completely block design with three replications in research farm of University of Birjand, Iran, during growing season 2016.The leaves` antioxidant compounds (antioxidant activity, total phenol and anthocyanin) were recorded at flowering stage. The results were showed that humic acid had significant effect on most biochemical characteristics(antioxidant activity, flavonoid content, total phenol and carbohydrate). The highest of antioxidant activity (64. 67%) and carbohydrate (6.73 mg/g) were observed in 10 kg/ha humicacid, while the lowest antioxidant activity (50.03%) and carbohydrate (3.45 mg/g) were recorded in control. Also, the humic acid uses significantly increased photosynthetic pigments (total chlorophyll, a, b and carotenoids). The highest and the lowest total chlorophyll content were observed (4.51 mg /g) in 10 kg/ha humic acid andcontrol (3.18 mg/g), respectively. Based on the results, the highest flavonoid content (6.43 mg/g) was obtained in the plant density of 25 plants /m2, whereas the lowest flavonoid content (5.46 mg /g) was in planting density of 50 plants /m 2. There were significant differences in the total phenolic and flavonoid content due to interaction plant density and humic acid treatments, in which the highest amount of total phenolic content (42.07 mg/g) was observed in 10 kg/ha humic acid with the plant density of 25 plants /m2.and the lowest content was recorded (41.86 mg /g) in the control with density of 25 plants /m 2. According to the results, using 10 kg ha-1 of humic acid and planting density of 25 plants/ m2 had a significant role in increasing biochemical characteristics of fenugreek. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
158 - The effect of organic and chemical fertilizers on quantitative and qualitative characters of essential oil in Thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.)
Mehrab YadegariOrganic manuares have important effectiveness on quantity and quality of medicinal plants and this plants have important role in food industries, then this research was done to evaluate the effects of organic and chemical fertilizers on essential oil content and composi MoreOrganic manuares have important effectiveness on quantity and quality of medicinal plants and this plants have important role in food industries, then this research was done to evaluate the effects of organic and chemical fertilizers on essential oil content and composition of Thyme. This research was conducted in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications in Research Farm of Islamic Azad University Branch of Shahrekord at 2020 and 2021. Treatments were: control (no fertilizer), cow manure, sheep manure, hen manure, horse manure, vermi-compost and complete chemical fertilizers. Each of animal manuares and vermi-compost in 20 t.ha-1 in planting time and complete chemical fertilizer in 1.5 g.l-1 concentration after V10 stage in two step by 3 weeks interval, were used. Shoot of plant samples beginning of flowering stage in end of vegetative stage (252-270 leaf) prepared from treatments separately in the end of august. For measurement of the content and yield of the volatile oil, 1000g of the fresh shoots harvested and mixed with water and placed in a flask connected to the condenser of a Clevenger apparatus and the GC analysis was done to detect the essential oil composition. The most weight of dry matter (352±17.1 g.m-2 in first year and 359.04±18.9 g.m-2 in second year) and essential oil content (0.91±0.1% in first year and 1.1±0.01% in second year) were observed in chemical fertilizer was the same group with vermi-compost and hen manure. Four components of P-cymene, Gamma terpinen, Carvacrol and Thymyl acetate are classified as cyclic monoterpene made more than 70% of essential oil content in different treatments. 29 components in essential oil of treatments were detected. The greatest amount of major components were Carvacrol (35.2-36.8%) in chemical fertilizer and vermicompost, P-cymene (8.3-7.8%) in chemical fertilizer; Gamma terpinene (18.6-18.7%) in vermi-compost and Thymyl acetate (4.6-4.8%) in hen manure. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
159 - Removal of methylene blue using polyacrylic acid/ octavinyl polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane nanocomposite
Mansoureh Zarezadeh-Mehrizi Majid Karimi Zahra Kalantari khoramdareh Mahnaz Qomi -
Open Access Article
160 - Synthesize and characterization of hollow and core/shell based on CeO2 as a alcohol sensor
zahra rasouli Mohammad Yousefi Susan Samadi Khadijeh Kalateh Maryam Torbati -
Open Access Article
161 - Performance Investigation of Pentacene Based Organic Double Gate Field Effect Transistor and its Application as an Ultrasensitive Biosensor
Mohammad Reza Jouharchi Zahra Ahangari Farshad Babazadeh -
Open Access Article
162 - Preparation and Characterization of Silica Coated Magnetic Cu Based MOF as a Nanocarrier for Gradual Release of the Capecitabine Anticancer Drug
Azar Asgari Pari Susan Samadi Mohammad Reza__Allahgholi__Ghasri Mohammad Reza__Allahgholi__Ghasri Maryam Torbati Mohammad YousefiThis study developed a novel silica-coated magnetic nanoparticle (Fe3O4@SiO2@Cu BTC) based on a metal-organic framework (MOF) for targeted anticancer medication delivery. Using a co-precipitation method, the Fe3O4@SiO2 core was coated with Cu(OH)2 shell, which was then MoreThis study developed a novel silica-coated magnetic nanoparticle (Fe3O4@SiO2@Cu BTC) based on a metal-organic framework (MOF) for targeted anticancer medication delivery. Using a co-precipitation method, the Fe3O4@SiO2 core was coated with Cu(OH)2 shell, which was then converted to CuBTC in a hydroethanolic mixture. Finally, a post-synthetic approach was used to manufacture a 3-(mercaptopropyl) trimethoxysilane functionalized Fe3O4@SiO2@Cu BTC nanocomposite. The resulting material is characterized using SEM-EDX, TEM, VSM, XRD, TGA, BET, UV–Vis, and FTIR techniques. TEM and SEM micrographs confirmed the core-shell structure. The resulting nanocomposite has high thermal stability, according to TGA findings. Because of their great biocompatibility and drug loading capability, coated Fe3O4@SiO2@Cu BTC nanoparticles might be perfect for drug delivery. Capecitabine (CAP), an anticancer medication, was successfully dispersed through MOF pores. The acquired data revealed that 91 percent of the CAP was adsorbed on the constructed framework, and that the release of capecitabine in PBS buffer solution (pH 5.7) at 37 °C took up to 60 hours to complete. The findings show that nano-sized MOFs-based magnetic NPs with high drug loading and acceptable biocompatibility are viable options for targeted drug delivery. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
163 - Performance Investigation of Pentacene Based Organic Double Gate Field Effect Transistor and its Application as an Ultrasensitive Biosensor
Mohammad Reza Jouharchi zahra ahangari Farshad Babazadeh -
Open Access Article
164 - Synthesize and Characterization of Hollow and Core/Shell Based on CeO2 as a Alcohol Sensor
Zahra Rasouli Mohammad Yousefi Susan Samadi Khadijeh Kalateh Maryam Bikhof Torbati -
Open Access Article
165 - اثر تیمارهای مختلف کودهای ارگانیک بر صفات رشدی و عملکرد سِنای هندی (Cassia angustifolia Vahl.)
امین نیک خواه حسن علی نقدی بادی محمدحسن شیرزادی علی مهر آفرین نیلوفر طاهریانمقدمه و هدف: کودهای زیستی در کشاورزی پایدار به عنوان یک جایگزین برای ‏کودهای شیمیایی مطرح هستند و در تولید ارگانیک گیاهان دارویی از اهمیت خاصی برخوردارند. .هدف از تحقیق حاضر مطالعه اثرات کودهای زیستی بر رشد و عملکرد کمی گیاه دارویی سنا (Cassia angustifolia Vahl.&lrm Moreمقدمه و هدف: کودهای زیستی در کشاورزی پایدار به عنوان یک جایگزین برای ‏کودهای شیمیایی مطرح هستند و در تولید ارگانیک گیاهان دارویی از اهمیت خاصی برخوردارند. .هدف از تحقیق حاضر مطالعه اثرات کودهای زیستی بر رشد و عملکرد کمی گیاه دارویی سنا (Cassia angustifolia Vahl.‎) در ‏شرایط آب و هوایی جیرفت بود.روش تحقیق: این پژوهش در منطقه جیرفت-کرمان در سال های 1388 تا ‏‏1389 در قالب طرح بلوک های کامل تصادفی در 3 تکرار و 13 تیمار ‏‏کودی اجرا شد. تیمارهای کودی مختلف به تنهایی یا تلفیقی از کودهای مختلف بود.نتایج و بحث: نتایج تجزیه واریانس نشان داد که تیمارهای مختلف کودی بر ارتفاع بوته، عرض برگ، تعداد ‏شاخه فرعی، وزن تر برگ، وزن خشک برگ، وزن تر اندام هوایی و وزن ‏خشک اندام ‏هوایی ‏‎(p<0.01)‎ و هم­چنین طول برگ ‏‎(p<0.05)‎‏ اثرات معنی داری داشتند. اگرچه ‏بالاترین میزان برخی صفات از تیمار کود کامل شیمیایی (200 کیلوگرم در ‏هکتار) به دست آمد، با این حال تیمارهای تلفیقی کود زیستی‎‏ ‏اگرچه عملکردی حدود 70% کود شیمیایی کامل را داشتند با توجه به اثرات مطلوب و بلند مدت آن ها بر حاصلخیزی خاک مناسب به نظر می رسند.‏توصیه کاربردی / صنعتی: در شرایط محیطی منطقه مورد مطالعه ‎کاربرد تلفیقی‎ ‎کودهای‎ ‎زیستی حاوی نیتروژن تا حدودی ‎سبب بهبود عملکرد‎ ‎کمی‎ ‎گیاه‎ ‎سنای هندی‎ شد. بنابراین‎ ‎با‎ ‎مصرف‎ ‎کود زیستی‎ ‎علاوه بر کاهش ‎ ‎مصرف‎ ‎کود‎ ‎‎شیمیایی‎ ‎می توان گام های موثری را در کشاورزی پایدار و تولید ارگانیک گیاهان دارویی برداشت. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
166 - بررسی اثر کودهای زیستی روی عملکرد و اسانس نعناع فلفلی (Mentha piperita L.)
میثم پورهادیمقدمه و هدف: در حال حاضر گرایش به محصولات زیستی حاصل از کشاورزی پایدار به عنوان یک ‏جایگزین مناسب برای کودهای شیمیایی در بازار جهانی افزایش یافته است و بسیاری از ‏شرکت­های دارویی، مواد خام حاصل از نظام های پایدار و ارگانیک را ترجیح می دهند، گذشته ‏از مزا Moreمقدمه و هدف: در حال حاضر گرایش به محصولات زیستی حاصل از کشاورزی پایدار به عنوان یک ‏جایگزین مناسب برای کودهای شیمیایی در بازار جهانی افزایش یافته است و بسیاری از ‏شرکت­های دارویی، مواد خام حاصل از نظام های پایدار و ارگانیک را ترجیح می دهند، گذشته ‏از مزایای بوم شناختی و زیست محیطی، تولید ارگانیک گیاهان دارویی مهم نظیر نعناع فلفلی ‏از نظر اقتصادی نیز با اهمیت جلوه می کند. هدف از این تحقیق، تعیین اثر سه نوع کود ‏بیولوژیک (نیتروکسین، سوپرنیتروپلاس و بیوسولفور) و اوره بر برخی صفات کمی و کیفی ‏گیاه دارویی نعناع فلفلی بود. روش تحقیق: . این پژوهش در مزرعه تحقیقاتی پژوهشکده گیاهان دارویی ‏جهاد دانشگاهی در سال­های زراعی 1387 تا 1388 در قالب طرح بلوک های کامل تصادفی در 9 تیمار ‏کودی و 3 تکرار اجرا شد. تیمارهای کودی شامل نیتروکسین، سوپرنیتروپلاس و‎ ‎بیوسولفور، هر کدام به مقدار‎ ‎‏4 و 8 ‏کیلوگرم در هکتار،‎ ‎کود اوره به مقدار 75 و 100 کیلوگرم در هکتار و تیمار شاهد (بدون‎ ‎مصرف‎ ‎کود) بودند. نتایج و بحث: نتایج نشان داد که‎ ‎تمامی تیمار های کودی (بیولوژیک و اوره) نسبت به تیمار شاهد در اکثر ‏صفات دارای افزایش معنی داری بودند و از میان کودهای بیولوژیک، دو کود نیتروکسین و ‏سوپرنیتروپلاس (8 کیلوگرم در هکتار) بیشترین اثر افزاینده را هم سطح با مصرف کود اوره بر ‏اکثر صفات داشتند. توصیه کاربردی/ صنعتی: بر اساس نتایج این آزمایش کودهای بیولوژیکی منجر به افزایش ‏عملکرد کمی و کیفی گیاه دارویی نعناع فلفلی گردیدند. هم­چنین با کاربرد کودهای زیستی ‏نیتروکسین و سوپرنیتروپلاس می­توان مصرف کود شیمیایی نیتروژن از منبع اوره را کاهش داد ‏که گامی موثر در راستای نیل به کشاورزی پایدار و کاهش آلودگی های زیست محیطی خواهد بود. Manuscript profile -
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167 - Enhancement of photocatalytic activity of ZnO–SiO2 by nano-sized Pt for efficient removal of dyes from wastewater effluents
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190 - Spotlight: Triphenylphosphine in conjunction with TCCA/ or NCBT/ or DDQ/ or DEAD provide practical and convenient systems for the synthesis of a wide range of organic compounds
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191 - Determination of in vitro Gas Production Kinetics by Adding Leucaena leucecophala and Corn Oil to the Ration in Different Ratios
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192 - ارزش اقتصادی و کیفیت شیر تولید شده در گاوهای شیرده هلشتاین در سیستم سبز (ارگانیک)
م. شریفی ر. پهلوان ع. آقاییدر دهههای گذشته، تقاضای جهانی برای تولیدات کشاورزی سبز به سرعت رو به افزایش است. کیفیت شیر یکی از علاقههای اصلی برای همه بخشها میباشد. بنابراین، موضوع این مطالعه مقایسه عملکرد گاوها و کیفیت شیر تولیدی در سیستمهای رایج و سبز (ارگانیک) بوده است. 20 رأس گاو هلشتاین در Moreدر دهههای گذشته، تقاضای جهانی برای تولیدات کشاورزی سبز به سرعت رو به افزایش است. کیفیت شیر یکی از علاقههای اصلی برای همه بخشها میباشد. بنابراین، موضوع این مطالعه مقایسه عملکرد گاوها و کیفیت شیر تولیدی در سیستمهای رایج و سبز (ارگانیک) بوده است. 20 رأس گاو هلشتاین در دو گروه غذایی اختصاص یافته بودند که شامل جیره رایج (CON) و سیستم سبز (ارگانیک) با علوفه بالا (OHF) بود. گاوهای چند شکمزا (شکم سوم و چهارم) به طور تصادفی در بین تیمارها قرار داده شد. علوفه مرتعی به عنوان بخشی از خوراک بکار گرفته شده بود، و به گاوها مواد متراکم و علوفه سیلویی دوبار در روز ارائه میشد. ماده خشک مصرفی و شیر تولیدی در طی 200 اول شیردهی روز اندازهگیری شد. بعلاوه، سلولهای سوماتیک شیر، ارزش خوراک و کارایی خوراک هر 20 روز در میان تعیین گردید. تولید شیر بین گاوها متفاوت بود که به ترتیب برای تیمارOHF دارای 5/22 کیلوگرم شیر در روز و تیمارCON دارای 9/28 کیلوگرم شیر در روز بود. وزن بدن گاوها بین دو تیمار تفاوت معنیداری نداشت؛ با این حال، تفاوت در نمره وضعیت بدنی قابل مشاهده بود (05/0P<). اگرچه انرژی تصحیح شده شیر، نیتروژن اوره ایی شیر، کورتیزول و اسید بتا هیدروکسی بوتیرات در گاوهای تغذیه شده در سیستم رایج بالاتر بود؛ چربی شیر، اسید فیتانیک، هیپوریک اسید و نرخ سود به هزینه گاوهای تغذیه شده از سیستم سبز بالاتر شد (05/0P<). بعلاوه، کارایی خوراک، ارزش ریالی خوراک و نیتروژن اوره ایی خون در گاوهای تغذیه شده در سیستم سبز (ارگانیک) پایین تر مشاهده شد (05/0P<). Manuscript profile -
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193 - تأثیر سن شیرگیری بر عملکرد و اقتصاد گوسالههای هلشتاین پرورش یافته در روش کشاورزی سبز
M. Sharifi A.A. Khadem B.J. Heins R. Pahlavan M. Safdariهدف از این مطالعه بررسی اثرات سن شیرگیری بر مصرف ماده خشک، متوسط وزن روزانه، بازده خوراک، هزینه خوراک و شاخص سود گوساله هلشتاین پرورش یافته در روشهای سبز بود. 32 گوساله هلشتاین در دو روش پرورش یافتند که شامل: زود از شیرگرفته شده و شیرگیری با تأخیر. گوسالههای هر دو گ Moreهدف از این مطالعه بررسی اثرات سن شیرگیری بر مصرف ماده خشک، متوسط وزن روزانه، بازده خوراک، هزینه خوراک و شاخص سود گوساله هلشتاین پرورش یافته در روشهای سبز بود. 32 گوساله هلشتاین در دو روش پرورش یافتند که شامل: زود از شیرگرفته شده و شیرگیری با تأخیر. گوسالههای هر دو گروه با شیر کامل و با نرخ 10 درصد وزن بدن تیمار شدند. گوسالهها از بدو تولد تا پایان آزمایش دسترسی آزاد به برگ یونجه خشک داشتند. همچنین، گروه زود از شیرگرفته شده با رژیم غذایی استارتر بعد از شیر گرفتن تا سن 90 روزگی نگهداری شدند. مصرف ماده خشک روزانه و وزن بدن در فواصل 15 روز اندازهگیری شد و بازده خوراک و هزینه خوراک برای دورههای موجود محاسبه گردید. مصرف ماده خشک روزانه گوسالههای شیرگیری با تأخیر و زود از شیرگرفته شده به طور قابل توجهی از دوره سوم تا پایان آزمایش متفاوت بود. علاوه بر این، متوسط وزن روزانه زود از شیرگرفته شده بالاتر از شیرگیری با تأخیر در تمام دورهها بود. به جز دوره اول و دوم، بازده خوراک بین دیگر دورهها متفاوت بود. همچنین، به دلیل افزایش هزینه خوراک برای گوسالههای پرورش یافته در شیرگیری با تأخیر نسبت به گروه از شیرگرفته شده، شاخص سود در گروه زود از شیرگرفته شده بالاتر بود. Manuscript profile -
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194 - اثر روغن اسانسی آویشن شیرازی، اکالیپتوس و مخلوط آنها بر فراسنجههای تخمیر با استفاده از مایع شکمبه بز مرخز
س. میرزایی چشمهگچی م.م. معینی ف. هژبری م.ا. نوریان سروردر این مطالعه، سطوح مختلف روغن­های اسانسی آویشن شیرازی، اکالیپتوس (0، 100، 250، 500، 750 و 1000 میکروگرم در میلی­لیتر) و مخلوط یکسان آنها به علوفه یونجه همراه با مایع شکمبه بافری شده بز مرخز اضافه وگرمخانه گذاری شد تا تولید گاز، تخمیر شکمبه و جمعیت پروتوزوآ در ش Moreدر این مطالعه، سطوح مختلف روغن­های اسانسی آویشن شیرازی، اکالیپتوس (0، 100، 250، 500، 750 و 1000 میکروگرم در میلی­لیتر) و مخلوط یکسان آنها به علوفه یونجه همراه با مایع شکمبه بافری شده بز مرخز اضافه وگرمخانه گذاری شد تا تولید گاز، تخمیر شکمبه و جمعیت پروتوزوآ در شرایط آزمایشگاهی مورد مطالعه قرار گیرد. پتانسیل تولید گاز (B) و سرعت تخمیر (C) در تمام تیمارهای آزمایشی کاهش یافت درحالی­که فاز تأخیر (L) افزایش نشان داد. آویشن شیرازی و اکالیپتوس تأثیری بر pH نداشتند ولی در سطوح بالای مخلوط روغن­های اسانسی نسبت به شاهد، pH بالاتر بود (001/0>P). تولید نیتروژن­ آمونیاکی به سبب افزودن مخلوط روغن­های اسانسی کاهش یافت (01/0>P) و غلظت کل اسیدهای چرب فرار با اضافه نمودن روغن­های اسانسی آویشن شیرازی و اکالیپتوس کاهش نشان داد (01/0>P). گاز تولیدی 24 ساعته، تولید متان و میزان ماده­ آلی تجزیه شده کاهش یافت (01/0>P)، درحالیکه ضریب تفکیک­پذیری در همه تیمارها افزایش نشان داد. انرژی متابولیسمی کاهش یافت (05/0>P). افزودن روغن اسانسی سبب کاهش تعداد پروتوزوآی کل و جنس­های مختلف پروتوزوآ شد (001/0>P). نتایج نشان داد که روغن­های اسانسی آویشن شیرازی و اکالیپتوس می­توانند در تعدیل تخمیر شکمبه مؤثر باشند ولی در سطوح بالا، دارای اثر ضد پروتوزوآیی میباشند. Manuscript profile -
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195 - The Effect of Organic Selenium Supplementation on the Broilers' Immune Response
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Open Access Article
196 - آثار مکمل جیرهای اسیدهای ارگانیک القاءکننده ایمنی محافظتی بر علیه کوکسیدیوز
آ.ی. عبدوالهی ایکس.جی. یو ی.کیو. فو م.و. وانگ ن.اس. کی م.اچ. گیزا اس. کالون و.د. پان ایکس.ل. شی ی. فانگ اس. ویو و. هو ل.پی. تان کا.ایکس. لی ز. وانگ جی.جی. زو د.ی. فنگ جی.کیو. لیاین مطالعه آثار سه محصول از اسیدهای ارگانیک جیرهای (Acidomix® AFG؛ Activate® AD و Lacplus) روی ایمنی محافظتی بر علیه کوکسیدیوزها را ارزیابی کرد. 280 جوجه 1 روزه گوشتی به طور تصادفی درون 8 گروه شامل 5 تکرار (7 پرنده به ازای هر تکرار)، شامل 2 کنترل (منفی=N؛ مثبت Moreاین مطالعه آثار سه محصول از اسیدهای ارگانیک جیرهای (Acidomix® AFG؛ Activate® AD و Lacplus) روی ایمنی محافظتی بر علیه کوکسیدیوزها را ارزیابی کرد. 280 جوجه 1 روزه گوشتی به طور تصادفی درون 8 گروه شامل 5 تکرار (7 پرنده به ازای هر تکرار)، شامل 2 کنترل (منفی=N؛ مثبت=P) و 6 گروه مکمل اسید ارگانیک (1 درصد AFG، 1 درصد DA، 1 درصد Lacplus، 2 درصد AFG، 2 درصد DA و 2 درصد Lacplus) تقسیم شدند. به استثنای کنترل N (آلوده نشده) ، تمامی 7 گروه به طور خوراکی با 105 × 8 از اووسیتهای هاگآور شده Eimeria tenella در روز 12 بعد از هچ به چالش کشیده شدند. نمونههای خون، طحال و روده کور در روز 22 و 35 بعد از هچ جمعآوری شدند. رشد وزنی بدن، خارج شدن اووسیت مدفوعی، درجه تخریب، نرخ مرگ و میر و pH سکوم بررسی شدند. تست ELISA برای تشخیص خوشه مولکولهای سلول T افتراقی (CD4+ و CD8+) استفاده شده و واکنش زنجیرهای پلیمراز رونوشتبردار معکوس (RT-PCR) برای تشخیص کموکاینهای پیش التهابی (INFγ) و بیان سایتوکاینها (IL-8، IL-15 و IL-17) بکار گرفته شدند. نتیجه نشان داد که مکملسازی اسیدهای ارگانیک به طور معنیداری رشد وزنی بدن را افزایش، ضریب تبدیل خوراک را بهبود، و درجات جراحات و شاخص اووسیت (0.05>P) در مقایسه با گروه کنترل P (آلوده شده غیر مکمل) را کاهش داد. نرخ مرگ و میر در گروه کنترل P بالاتر بود. pH روده کور معنیدار بود (0.05>P) و حداکثر در گروه کنترل P مشاهده شد. جوجههای تغذیه شده با 2 درصد DA و 1 درصد Lacplus درصد بالاتری از مولکولهای سلول T CD4 داشتند، اما مولکولهای سلول T CD8 کمتری داشتند، که ارائه کننده یک عملکرد محافظتی از این زیرمجموعههای سلول T در پاسخ ایمنی ذاتی در مقابل عفونت E. tenella است. کموکاینهای روده کور و طحال و بیان mRNA سایتوکاینها شامل INFγ، IL-8، IL-15 و IL-17 سطوح بالاتری از رونویسی در مقایسه با کنترلهای N و P نشان دادند، که نشان میدهد محصولات اسید ارگانیک ممکن است با بهبود تولید آنها آثار محافظتی خود را اعمال کرده باشند. نتیجه گرفته شده که Activate® DA در سطوح 2 درصد و Laxplus در سطوح 1 درصد هم در روز 22 و هم در روز 35 بعد از هچ بهترین آثار ضدکوکسیدیال را نشان دادهاند. Manuscript profile -
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197 - تأثیر سطوح علوفه مصرفی بر عملکرد، کیفیت گوشت و ارزش اقتصادی گوسالههای هلشتاین تغذیه شده در سیستم ارگانیک
م. شریفی ر. پهلوان ع.ا. خادم ب. هینس م. صوفی زادههدف از این مطالعه مقایسه جیره غذایی معمولی و ارگانیک در تولید گوشت گاو بود. 32 گوساله نر شیری در 4 تیمار به کار گرفته شده بود که شامل: جیره ارگانیک با سه سطح از علوفه {70 درصد جیره غذایی ارگانیک با میزان بالایی از علوفه (ORH)، 55 درصد جیره غذایی ارگانیک با مقدار علوفه Moreهدف از این مطالعه مقایسه جیره غذایی معمولی و ارگانیک در تولید گوشت گاو بود. 32 گوساله نر شیری در 4 تیمار به کار گرفته شده بود که شامل: جیره ارگانیک با سه سطح از علوفه {70 درصد جیره غذایی ارگانیک با میزان بالایی از علوفه (ORH)، 55 درصد جیره غذایی ارگانیک با مقدار علوفه متوسط (ORH)، 38 درصد جیره غذایی ارگانیک با مقدار علوفه کم (ORH)} و جیره غذایی رایج (CON). مصرف ماده خشک (DMI)، متوسط وزن روزانه (ADG) و نرخ تبدیل غذایی (FCR) گوساله اندازهگیری شد. گوسالهها پس از پایان مطالعه کشتار شدند. DMI به طور قابل توجهی در میان گروههای بعد از دوره 5 متفاوت بودند. با این حال،FCR و ADG به طور قابل توجهی در میان تمامی دورهها تفاوت داشت. اندازه فیزیکی لاشه، چربی و کلسترول در جیره غذایی رایج نسبت به رایج کمتر بودند. افزایش معنی داری در گوشت ارگانیک برای C18:2، C18:3 اسید چرب، آهن هیمینیک، آلفا توکوفرول و بتا کاروتن مشاهده شد. نتایج حاصل از این مطالعه نشان داد که گوساله تغذیه شده در جیره غذایی ارگانیک با میزان بالایی از علوفه نسبت به جیرههای غذایی دیگر به طور قابل توجهی FCR پایینتری داشته است. Manuscript profile -
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198 - Effects of Sodium Butyrate and Rosemary Leaf Meal on General Performance, Carcass Traits, Organ Sizes and Nutrient Digestibility of Broiler Chickens
M.C. Ogwuegbu C.E. Oyeagu H.O. Edeh C.E. Dim A.O. Ani F.B. Lewu -
Open Access Article
199 - تأثیر سطح تغذیه علوفه بر وزن بدن، نمره وضعیت بدنی، تولید شیر و نیتروژن اورهای شیر در گاوهای هلشتاین در جیره غذایی ارگانیک
م. شریفی ع.ا. خادم ب.ج. هینس ر. پهلوان ج. موسوی م. صفدریدر دهههای گذشته، تقاضای جهانی محصولات کشاورزی ارگانیک به سرعت افزایش یافته است. کیفیت شیر مورد توجه همه بخشها است. بنابراین، هدف از این مطالعه مقایسه عملکرد گاوها و کیفیت محصولات آنها در جیره های غذایی رایج و ارگانیک است. در این راستا، 72 گاو شیری هلشتاین به یکی از Moreدر دهههای گذشته، تقاضای جهانی محصولات کشاورزی ارگانیک به سرعت افزایش یافته است. کیفیت شیر مورد توجه همه بخشها است. بنابراین، هدف از این مطالعه مقایسه عملکرد گاوها و کیفیت محصولات آنها در جیره های غذایی رایج و ارگانیک است. در این راستا، 72 گاو شیری هلشتاین به یکی از چهار جیره غذایی اختصاص یافت: جیره غذایی رایج (CON40)، جیره غذایی ارگانیک با علوفه کم (ORG40)، جیره غذایی ارگانیک با علوفه متوسط (ORG60) و جیره غذایی ارگانیک با علوفه زیاد (ORG80). گاوهای چند شکمزا (2 ، 3 و 4 شکم) به طور تصادفی در گروههای درمانی قرار گرفتند. علوفه به عنوان بخشی از جیره غذایی استفاده شد، و گاوها به طور جداگانه سه بار در روز مورد تغذیه قرار گرفتند و خوراک باقیمانده در انتهای روز جمعآوری شد. مقدار مصرف روزانه ماده خشک و عملکرد شیر در 308 روز بررسی و اندازهگیری شد. تعداد سلولهای سوماتیک شیر، وزن بدن گاو و بازده خوراک در فواصل هر 28 روز تعیین شد. مقدار مصرف روزانه ماده خشک برای گاوهای مصرف جیرههای غذاییORG80 (2/18 کیلوگرم در روز)، ORG60 (1/19 کیلوگرم در روز)، ORG80 (1/20 کیلوگرم در روز) و CON40 (5/20 کیلوگرم در روز) متفاوت بود. وزن بدن گاوها تحت تأثیر تیمارها قرار نگرفت، اما در نمره وضعیت بدنی گاوها اختلاف معنیداری (05/0>P) مشاهده شد. اگر چه عملکرد شیر در گاوهای تغذیه شده با CON40 بالاتر از سایرین بود، در جیرههای غذایی ارگانیک چربی شیر بالاتر بود (05/0>P). پایینترین کارآیی خوراک، نیتروژن اورهای شیر و نیتروژن اورهای خون در گاوهای تغذیه شده با جیرههای غذایی ارگانیک مشاهده شد (05/0>P). Manuscript profile -
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200 - چالشهای بالقوه در پرورش طیور ارگانیک در نیجریه: مقاله مروری
او.اس. اددجی تی.کا. اوگانسینا آ.او. آکین وومی اس.آ. آمن او.او. اوجبییی ج.آ. آکیندالااین مقاله مشکلاتی را که ممکن است مانع اجرای پرورش طیور ارگانیک شوند بررسی میکند. عوامل مورد بررسی شامل ریسک ابتلا به بیماریهایی مانند کوکسیدیوز و نیوکاسل، پیشگیری از بیماریها و کنترل سلامت گله، آلودگی به بیماریها در زمان شیوع، خرید زمین (سیستم مالکیت زمین)، اقتصاد ب Moreاین مقاله مشکلاتی را که ممکن است مانع اجرای پرورش طیور ارگانیک شوند بررسی میکند. عوامل مورد بررسی شامل ریسک ابتلا به بیماریهایی مانند کوکسیدیوز و نیوکاسل، پیشگیری از بیماریها و کنترل سلامت گله، آلودگی به بیماریها در زمان شیوع، خرید زمین (سیستم مالکیت زمین)، اقتصاد بازار و نسبت سود و زیان، مدیریت مرتع، تمایل یا عدم تمایل به تغییر، نبود اقلام اولیه ارگانیک، پرکنی، کمبود اسیدهای آمینه در جیرهها، قوانین و مقررات، وابستگی شدید کشاورزان به کود، نسبت پایین افراد دامپزشک به دامداران و ضعف خدمات توسعه دامپروری میباشند. Manuscript profile -
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201 - پاسخ جمعیت میکروبی دستگاه گوارش و عملکرد جوجههای گوشتی تغذیه شده با اسیدهای آلی و نانو نقره پوشش داده شده بر زئولیت تحت تنش گرمایی
ا. عباسی س.ر. هاشمی س. حسنی م. ابراهیمیهدف از این آزمایش ارزیابی پاسخ جمعیت میکروبی دستگاه گوارش و عملکرد جوجههای گوشتی تغذیه شده با اسیدهای آلی و نانو نقره پوشش داده شده بر زئولیت تحت تنش گرمایی میباشد. به همین منظور در این آزمایش از 375 قطعه جوجه گوشتی یکروزه نژاد کاب (500 Cobb) استفاده شد. که در 5 تیمار Moreهدف از این آزمایش ارزیابی پاسخ جمعیت میکروبی دستگاه گوارش و عملکرد جوجههای گوشتی تغذیه شده با اسیدهای آلی و نانو نقره پوشش داده شده بر زئولیت تحت تنش گرمایی میباشد. به همین منظور در این آزمایش از 375 قطعه جوجه گوشتی یکروزه نژاد کاب (500 Cobb) استفاده شد. که در 5 تیمار و 5 تکرار و 15 قطعه جوجه در هر تکرار در قالب یک طرح کاملاً تصادفی تقسیم شدند. پنج تیمار غذایی شامل: 1) جیره شاهد، 2) جیره شاهد حاوی 1 درصد زئولیت، 3) جیره شاهد حاوی 1 درصد زئولیت پوشش داده شده با 0.5 درصد نانو نقره، 4) جیره شاهد حاوی 1 گرم بر کیلوگرم اسید آلی و 5) جیره شاهد حاوی 1 درصد زئولیت پوشش داده شده با 0.5 درصد نانو نقره و 1 گرم بر کیلوگرم اسید آلی بود. خوراک مصرفی و وزن بدن برای هر تیمار در کل دوره آزمایش ثبت و ضریب تبدیل خوراک محاسبه گردید. به منظور شمارش جمعیت میکروبی دستگاه گوارش دو قطعه جوجه از هر واحد آزمایشی در روزهای 21 و 42 پرورش کشتار شدند. نتایج آزمایش نشان داد که جیره غذایی حاوی نانو نقره به همراه اسید آلی باعث کاهش وزن بدن جوجههای گوشتی در مقایسه با تیمار شاهد و زئولیت در فاصله سن 42-21 روزگی شد (P<0.05). همچنین در کل دوره پرورش ضریب تبدیل غذایی در گروه نانو نقره پوشش داده شده بر زئولیت به طور معنی ­داری نسبت به گروه شاهد و زئولیت بالاتر بود (P<0.05). با این حال تیمارهای آزمایشی هیچگونه اختلاف معنیداری بر جمعیت میکروبی دستگاه گوارش نداشتند (0.05<P). به طور خلاصه نتایج حاضر نشان داد اگرچه نانو ذرات نقره و اسیدهای آلی اثر خاصی بر پارامترهای عملکرد و افزایش شمار باکتریهای مفید (اسید لاکتیک) دستگاه گوارش در حالت تنش گرمایی نداشتند اما موجب کاهش آنها نگشته­اند. بنابراین میتوان از آنها به عنوان افزودنی در جیره غذایی جوجههای گوشتی استفاده نمود. Manuscript profile -
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202 - اثرات جیرههای حاوی روی آلی و پریبیوتیک بر عملکرد تولیدی و پاسخ ایمنی بلدرچینهای در حال رشد
دی.ال. عبد-ال-سامی آی. ال-وردانی جی.آ. نعمت الله او.ام. ابو-ال-آزابهدف آزمایش حاضر بررسی امکان بهبود عملکرد تولیدی و پاسخ ایمنی بلدرچینهای در حال رشد در طول تابستان در مصر با مکمل کردن جیره با روی آلی (بیوپلکس روی) و پریبیوتیک (مانان الیگوساکارید) بود. جیرهها شامل جیره پایه مکمل شده با 20 میلیگرم بیوپلکس روی (3 میلیگرم روی) (Zn Moreهدف آزمایش حاضر بررسی امکان بهبود عملکرد تولیدی و پاسخ ایمنی بلدرچینهای در حال رشد در طول تابستان در مصر با مکمل کردن جیره با روی آلی (بیوپلکس روی) و پریبیوتیک (مانان الیگوساکارید) بود. جیرهها شامل جیره پایه مکمل شده با 20 میلیگرم بیوپلکس روی (3 میلیگرم روی) (Zn1)، 40 میلیگرم بیوپلکس روی (6 میلیگرم روی) (Zn2)، 1 گرم پریبیوتیک (P)، P+ Zn1 یا P+ Zn2 بودند. دمای محیط و رطوبت نسبی به ترتیب در دامنه 34 تا 36 درجه سانتیگراد و 45 تا 51 درصد بود. تفاوت معنیداری در وزن بدن، افزایش وزن، خوراک مصرفی، ضریب تبدیل غذایی و تلفات بلدرچینهای تیمارشده با شاهد مقایسه شد. اثر تیمارها بر صفات لاشه و اوزان نسبی اندامهای لنفاوی و غده تیروئید معنیدار نبود. پاسخهای اولیه و ثانویه ایمنی در بلدرچینهای تیمار شده بیشترین بود. نتایج نشان داد که پروتئین کل پلاسما در بلدرچینهای P و P + Zn2 در مقایسه با گروه شاهد افزایش یافت. سطح پلاسمایی لیپیدها و کلسترول به طور معنیداری در بلدرچینهای تغذیه شده با جیرههای مکمل شده کاهش یافت. تفاوت معنیداری در فعالیت آنزیمهای پلاسمایی AST و ALT و غلظت ترییدوتیرونین مشاهده نشد. نتیجهگیری میشود که مکمل کردن جیرههای رشد در بلدرچینهای ژاپنی پرورش یافته در تابستان در مصر با 20 یا 40 میلیگرم بیوپلکس روی در کیلوگرم به تنهایی یا همراه با 1 گرم پریبیوتیک (مانان الیگوساکارید) اثر معنیداری بر عملکرد تولیدی نداشت، اما پاسخ ایمنی را بهبود داد. Manuscript profile -
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203 - Effects of Euphorbia hirta and Acidifiers Supplement on Resistance of Broiler Chickens against Salmonella enteritidis Infection: Oral Challenge Model
س.ر. هاشمی آ. زولکیفلی ه. داوودی م. هیر-بجو ز. زونیتا -
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204 - Humic acid affects some growth parameters, chlorophyll, flavonoids, antioxidant enzymes and essential oil of Satureja khuzestanica Jamzad under salinity stress
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205 - The effect of rootstocks on sugars, acids, carotenoids, chlorophylls, and ethylene of Satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu)
Behzad Babazadeh Darjazi Mozhgan Farzamisepehr Behrouz Golein -
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206 - Effect of vermicompost and mycorrhiza fungi on yield and growth of milk thistle and antioxidant system activity.
Foroozan Nikkah Naeeni Ali Reza Ladan Moghadam Pezhman Moradi Mehdi Rezaei Vahid Abdoosi -
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207 - Studying the Efficiency of Suaeda Maritima (L.) Dumort in Phytoremediation of Saline Soil
Mohamed Abd El-Maboud Walaa Elshalakani -
Open Access Article
208 - Glycine betaine aldehyde as a promising new source of valuable physiological indices of Prosopis spp.
Sara Ansari Hossein Sadeghi -
Open Access Article
209 - Response Of Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) Cultivars To Organic Acid Under Drought Stress
Kosar Kohan Pourang Kasraie Hamidreza Larijani Farshad Ghoshchi Meysam Oveysi -
Open Access Article
210 - Effects of savory essential oil on germination parameters of Fusarium infected-seeds of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.).
Fatemeh Rahimian Hamid Reza Eisvand -
Open Access Article
211 - Worm castings-based growing media with biochar and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi for producing organic tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) in greenhouse.
Mohammad Reza Ardakani Mehdi Sharifi -
Open Access Article
212 - Analyze of Effective Factors on Non-adoption of Organic Farming of Rice (Case Study: Rural Areas of Sowme'eh Sara County)
Mohammad Reza Safari Motlagh Maryam Moradi Behzad KavianiOrganic farming is the best method for the production of healthy agricultural products. The current research is a descriptive-survey study focused on correlation and comparison. In this research, data were collected by a research made questionnaire and that its validity MoreOrganic farming is the best method for the production of healthy agricultural products. The current research is a descriptive-survey study focused on correlation and comparison. In this research, data were collected by a research made questionnaire and that its validity was confirmed by a panel of experts, and its reliability was measured through Cronbach's alpha formula (0.907). The relationships between independent and the dependent variables were determined by Pearson's correlation coefficient. The statistical population of this research consisted of 50 experts and 100 paddy farmers of Sowme'eh Sara county that were selected by random sampling procedures. The results of this investigation showed a relationship between the dependent and independent variables and thus it was confirmed (P < 0.05) that the impact of the three independent variables was significant on dependent variable at 0.95 level. As a result, all factors as independent variables were effective on the rejection of organic farming. Pearson correlation test showed that all hypotheses were confirmed. Duncan’s test also indicated that there was a significant difference in terms of the rejection of organic farming of rice among the existing factors namely individual characteristics, social factors and economic factors. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
213 - اثر عصاره ورمی کمپوست خاک اره بر رشد دراسنا مارژیناتا
علی محبوب خمامیاین مطالعه اثر عصاره ورمی کمپوست خاک اره (عصاره آبی) را بر عملکرد و کیفیت شیمیایی دراسنا مارژیناتا رقم سه رنگ مورد بررسی قرار داد، که در طی آن گیاه تحت تاثیر چهار غلظت محلول عصاره ورمی کمپوست خاک اره (0، 250، 500 و 1000 پی پی ام) پرورش داده شد. عصاره ورمی کمپوست خاک اره Moreاین مطالعه اثر عصاره ورمی کمپوست خاک اره (عصاره آبی) را بر عملکرد و کیفیت شیمیایی دراسنا مارژیناتا رقم سه رنگ مورد بررسی قرار داد، که در طی آن گیاه تحت تاثیر چهار غلظت محلول عصاره ورمی کمپوست خاک اره (0، 250، 500 و 1000 پی پی ام) پرورش داده شد. عصاره ورمی کمپوست خاک اره با استفاده از روش استخراج بدون هوادهی، با نسبت حجمی1:10 از ورمی کمپوست خاک اره با آب تهیه شده و سه بار با فاصله دو هفته ای روی گیاهان دراسنا مارژیناتا اسپری شد. عصاره ورمی کمپوست خاک اره نسبت به شاهد مواد معدنی مانند نیتروژن (36/2%)، فسفر (42/0%)، پتاسیم (31/2%)، کلسیم (76/2%) و منیزیم (23/0%) را در گیاهان بهبود بخشید. اختلاف در عملکرد و کیفیت شیمیایی گیاهان در تیمارها تا حد زیادی از طریق تفاوت در جذب ازت در بافت و تجمع ماده خشک توضیح داده می شود. هنگامی که عصاره ورمی کمپوست خاک اره بر روی گیاهان دارسنا مارژیناتا اسپری شد، رشد قابل توجهی در گیاهان مشاهده شد. سه بار اسپری عصاره ورمی کمپوست با غلظت 1000پی پی ام بیشترین تاثیر را بر عملکرد دراسنا مارژیناتا نشان داد. گیاهان کشت شده در گلدان که با 1000 پی پی ام عصاره استخراج شده از ورمی کمپوست اسپری شده بودند، بیشترین ارتفاع (33/15 سانتی متر)، تعداد برگ (00/53)، وزن تر ساقه (00/66 گرم) و وزن خشک ساقه (90/13 گرم) را نسبت به تیمار شاهد( 05/0 (P < داشتند. بنابراین برای به دست آوردن عملکرد بالاتر دراسنا باید مورد پذیرش قرار گیرد. این مطالعه نشان داده که عصاره ورمی کمپوست خاک اره می تواند تاثیر مثبت بر عملکرد گیاه داشته باشد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
214 - اثرات محلولپاشی پیش از برداشت برخی اسیدهای آمینه و اسیدهای آلی بر صفات کمی، کیفی، آنزیمی و ماندگاری گل میخک خوشهای(Dianthus caryophyllus) رقم Tessino روی بوته
وحید عبدوسی الهام دانائیمیخک یکی از مهمترین گلهای شاخه بریده در سراسر جهان است. این آزمایش به منظور بررسی اثرات محلولپاشی پیش از برداشت برخی اسیدهای آمینه و اسیدهای آلی بر صفات آنزیمی و ماندگاری گل میخک خوشهای(Dianthus caryophyllus) رقم ’‘Tessino روی بوته، بصورت طرح آماری کاملاً Moreمیخک یکی از مهمترین گلهای شاخه بریده در سراسر جهان است. این آزمایش به منظور بررسی اثرات محلولپاشی پیش از برداشت برخی اسیدهای آمینه و اسیدهای آلی بر صفات آنزیمی و ماندگاری گل میخک خوشهای(Dianthus caryophyllus) رقم ’‘Tessino روی بوته، بصورت طرح آماری کاملاً تصادفی با 13 تیمار، سه تکرار و هر تکرار حاوی پنج گیاه و در مجموع 195 گلدانانجام گردید. تیمارها شامل اسیدآسکوربیک، اسیدسیتریک، اسیدمالیک، آرژنین، فنیلآلانین و گلوتامین هر کدام با دو سطح 50 و 100 میلیگرم در لیتر و گلدان بدون محلولپاشی به­عنوان شاهد بود. محلولپاشی گیاهان سه مرتبه به­صورت ده روز در میان در پایههای یکسان انجام گردید، به نحوی که آخرین مرحله محلولپاشی در مرحله نخود سبز بود. نمونهبرداری و سنجش صفات گیاه مانند وزن تر گل، وزن خشک گل، آنتوسیانین گلبرگ، کلروفیل کل برگ، فعالیت آنزیمهای فنیلآلانین آمونیالیاز، پراکسیداز، کاتالاز، سوپراکسید دیسموتاز و ماندگاری گل روی بوته نیز در مرحلهای که حداقل دو گلچه در خوشه باز شده بود، انجام شد. نتایج نشان داد که تیمار اسیدمالیک 100 میلیگرم در لیتر بیشترین تاثیر را بهبود صفات مورد ارزیابی مانند وزن تر و خشک گل، آنتوسیانین گلبرگ و کلروفیل کل برگ داشت. تیمار گلوتامین 100 میلیگرم در لیتر بیشترین تاثیر را بهبود ماندگاری گل روی بوته داشت. همچنین تیمار اسیدسیتریک 100 میلیگرم در لیتر بیشترین تاثیر را بهبود فعالیت آنزیمهای کاتالاز و سوپراکسید دیسموتاز، تیمار اسیدآسکوربیک 100 میلیگرم در لیتر بیشترین تاثیر را بهبود فعالیت آنزیم پراکسیداز و تیمار فنیلآلانین 100 میلیگرم در لیتر بیشترین تاثیر را بهبود فعالیت آنزیم فنیلآلانین آمونیالیاز داشتند. بنابراین با توجه به نتایج حاصل از این پژوهش میتوان بیان نمود که محلولپاشی پیش از برداشت اسیدآسکوربیک، اسیدسیتریک، اسیدمالیک، آرژنین، فنیلآلانین و گلوتامین موجب بهبود صفات آنزیمی و ماندگاری گل روی بوته در گل میخک خوشهای(Dianthus caryophyllus) رقم ‘Tessino’ گردید. Manuscript profile -
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215 - تاثیر اسید آمینههای آرژنین، پرولین و گلوتامین برخصوصیات مورفولوژیکی و فیزیولوژیکی دو رقم گل جعفری (.Tagetes erecta L)
فاطمه رئوف حق پرور داود هاشم آبادی بهزاد کاویانیگل جعفری علاوه بر مصارف زینتی و دارویی اخیرا بهعنوان گل خوراکی نیز مورد توجه قرار گرفته است. در پژوهش حاضر بهمنظور تولید گلهای جعفری با روشهای سالم و غیر شیمیایی آزمایشی بصورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملا تصادفی در سه تکرار با 20 تیمار اجرا شد. تیمارهای آزمایشی شامل د Moreگل جعفری علاوه بر مصارف زینتی و دارویی اخیرا بهعنوان گل خوراکی نیز مورد توجه قرار گرفته است. در پژوهش حاضر بهمنظور تولید گلهای جعفری با روشهای سالم و غیر شیمیایی آزمایشی بصورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملا تصادفی در سه تکرار با 20 تیمار اجرا شد. تیمارهای آزمایشی شامل دو رقم گل جعفری (زرد و نارنجی)، 3 نوع اسید آمینه آرژنین، گلوتامین و پرولین در 3 سطح (100، 500 و 1000 میکرومولار) و تیمار شاهد (آب مقطر) بودند. نتایج نشان داد که اسیدهای آمینه روی صفات ارزیابی شده اثر مثبت دارند و تیمار 100 میکرومولار آرژنین در صفات تعداد برگ، قطر گل، وزن تر و ماده خشک شاخساره، کاهش نشت یونی و افزایش فعالیت آنزیم کاتالاز در رقم نارنجی موفقترین تیمار است. در رقم زرد، بیشترین تعداد برگ، وزن تر شاخساره، ماده خشک ریشه، کمترین فعالیت آنزیم پلی فنل اکسیداز، کمترین نشت یونی و بیشترین فعالیت آنزیم کاتالاز برای تیمار 1000 میکرومولار پرولین ثبت شد. بیشترین فنل کل در هر دو رقم برای 100 میکرومولار آرژنین ثبت شد. با کاربرد اسیدهای آمینه مقدار فلاونوئیدها در هر دو رقم گل جعفری نسبت به شاهد افزایش یافت. بنابراین کاربرد اسیدهای آمینه بخصوص آرژنین (100 میکرومولار) و پرولین (1000 میکرومولار) بهترتیب برای تولید جعفری ’نارنجی‘ و ’زرد‘ به روش آلی و ارگانیک مناسب بوده و توصیه میشوند. Manuscript profile -
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216 - مقایسه توان گیاه پالایی دو گیاه زینتی پوتوس و سانسوریا به هنگام مواجه با آلودگی های فضای بسته
ویدا اخوان مرکزی روح انگیز نادری الهام دانایی سپیده کلاته جاری فرشته نعمت اللهیآلودگی هوای داخل خانه یکی از مهمترین موضوعات زیست محیطی در جهان است. ترکیبات آلی فرار که از جمله آلاینده های محیط های بسته می باشند، می تواند سلامت انسان را به خطر بیاندازد. در این راستا و به منظور بررسی توان گیاه پالایی دو گیاه سانسوریا و پوتوس در حذف چهار آلاینده بنز Moreآلودگی هوای داخل خانه یکی از مهمترین موضوعات زیست محیطی در جهان است. ترکیبات آلی فرار که از جمله آلاینده های محیط های بسته می باشند، می تواند سلامت انسان را به خطر بیاندازد. در این راستا و به منظور بررسی توان گیاه پالایی دو گیاه سانسوریا و پوتوس در حذف چهار آلاینده بنزن، استون، اتانول و متانول از محیطهای بسته هدف، آزمایشی طراحی و اجرا گردید. ابتدا دو گونه گیاهی بطور جداگانه در گلدانهای مختلف کشت شدند، سپس درون محفظه های شیشهای دربسته به حجم 125 لیتر قرار گرفتند. هر گیاه به مدت 24 ساعت در معرض غلظتهای مختلف آلایندهها قرارگرفت. نتایج بررسیهای بیوشیمیایی نشان داد، درصد نشت یونی گیاهان پوتوس تیمار شده در مقایسه با شاهد کاهش یافته است اما در گیاه سانسوریا در اکثریت تیمارها افزایش یافت. در مقابل، محتوی کلروفیل کل برگ سانسوریا در تمام تیمارها افزایش داشت اما در پوتوس به جزء تیمار بنزن 50 میکرولیتر/لیتر تفاوت چشمگیری با شاهد دیده نشد. میزان فعالیت آنزیم کاتالاز در هر دو گیاه کاهش چشمگیری داشت خصوصا تیمار استن 50 میکرولیتر/لیتر در گیاه سانسوریا. میزان فعالیت آنزیم سوپراکسید دیسموتاز در دو گیاه و تمام تیمارها نسبت به شاهد افزایش داشت و بیشترین آن در تیمار بنزن50 میکرولیتر/لیتر در گیاه سانسوریا بود. همچنین میزان محتوای پرولین گیاهان پوتوس تفاوتی نسبت به شاهد نداشت اما در سانسوریا کلیه تیمارها خصوصا دو تیمار استن 50 میکرولیتر/لیتر و اتانول 50 میکرولیتر/لیتر افزایش یافتند. با توجه به نتایج هر دو گونه استفاده شده در این تحقیق قادر به گیاه پالایی محیط های بسته می باشند و این توانایی در پوتوس به دلیل سازگاری بالاتر با شرایط، بیش از سانسوریا مشاهده شد. همچنین هنگام قرار گرفتن در معرض بنزن بیشترین و به هنگام تیمار با استون کمترین تنش و آسیب بافتی به گیاهان وارد شد. Manuscript profile -
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217 - واکنش گل صدفی (Gypsophila paniculata) تحت تاثیر آمیزه ها و مقادیر مختلف کودهای غیرآلی
انریکه ای بیناس جی آر نوآ دی مارویا الن ال تنداسینگگل صدفی در گلکاری ارزش خاصی دارد و برای صادرات به چندین کشور مدنظر است. برای حفظ عملکرد گل صدفی در سطح مطلوب می­ بایست مدیریت تغذیه مطلوبی با کاربرد منابع تغذیه ­ای مطلوب در راستای گلدهی گیاهان زینتی گلدار، انجام شود. بنابراین این مطالعه برای دستیابی به رشد، عمل Moreگل صدفی در گلکاری ارزش خاصی دارد و برای صادرات به چندین کشور مدنظر است. برای حفظ عملکرد گل صدفی در سطح مطلوب می­ بایست مدیریت تغذیه مطلوبی با کاربرد منابع تغذیه ­ای مطلوب در راستای گلدهی گیاهان زینتی گلدار، انجام شود. بنابراین این مطالعه برای دستیابی به رشد، عملکرد و بازگشت سرمایه در گل صدفی با استفاده از آمیزه­ ها و مقادیر کودهای غیرآلی انجام شد. مساحت 100/8 مترمربع به 5 بلوک 4×4 متر برای اجرای آزمایش فاکتوریل بر پایه طرح RCBD آماده شد. تیمارها به قرار زیر بودند: فاکتور A (آمیزه ­های کودی) شامل: C0: بدون آمیزه کودی؛ C1: عصاره گیاهی تخمیر شده به نسبت 2 درصد حجمی؛ C2: عصاره تخمیر شده میوه به نسبت 2 درصد حجمی و C3: فسفات کلسیم به نسبت 5 درصد حجمی. فاکتور B (کود غیرآلی) شامل: F0: بدون کود؛ F1: 60-60-90 (N-P2O5-K2O) در هکتار؛ F2: 30-30-45 (N-P2O5-K2O) در هکتار؛ F3: 15-15-25 (N-P2O5-K2O) در هکتار. آمیزه و مقدار کودی 15-15-25 از نظر ارتفاع بوته 28 روز بعد از کاشت برتری معنی ­داری داشت. فسفات کلسیم به نسبت 5 % حجمی و 15-15-25 (T15) بهترین ترکیب تیماری برای افزایش ارتفاع گل صدفی 28 روز پس از کاشت بودند، البته همه کودها نسبت به شاهد از نظر تولید پاجوش، گل و گل­ های بازارپسند به مدت 3 ماه شبیه شاهد بودند. بنابراین می­ توان گفت از نظر بازگشت سرمایه، بیلان منفی بود. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
218 - اثر کمپوست آزولا، پوسته بادام زمینی و ضایعات چای روی رشد و جذب عناصر غذایی گیاه زینتی-دارویی پاپیتال (Hedera helix)
علی واحدیبه منظور بررسی اثر بسترهای کاشت مختلف روی رشد گیاه پاپیتال آزمایشی گلدانی در قالب طرح کاملا تصادفی با 5 تیمار در سه تکرار در گلخانه تحقیقاتی مرکز ایستگاه تحقیقات گل و گیاهان زینتی لاهیجان اجرا شد. تیمارهای آزمایشی شامل 5 نوع بستر کاشت بودند که ترکیبات تشکیل دهنده آن ها Moreبه منظور بررسی اثر بسترهای کاشت مختلف روی رشد گیاه پاپیتال آزمایشی گلدانی در قالب طرح کاملا تصادفی با 5 تیمار در سه تکرار در گلخانه تحقیقاتی مرکز ایستگاه تحقیقات گل و گیاهان زینتی لاهیجان اجرا شد. تیمارهای آزمایشی شامل 5 نوع بستر کاشت بودند که ترکیبات تشکیل دهنده آن ها عبارت است از: B1: 50% کمپوست آزولا + 40% کمپوست پوسته بادام زمینی + 10% پرلیت، B2: 50% کمپوست آزولا + 40% کمپوست پوسته بادام زمینی + 10% زئولیت، B3: 30% کمپوست آزولا + 30% کمپوست پوسته بادام زمینی + 30% کمپوست ضایعات چای + 10% پرلیت، B4: 30% کمپوست آزولا + 30% کمپوست پوسته بادام زمینی + 30% کمپوست ضایعات چای + 10% زئولیت و B5: 80% پیت + 20% پرلیت (شاهد بین المللی). نتایج حاصل نشان داد که ارتفاع بوته، تعداد برگ، تعداد و قطر ساقه جانبی, تعداد گره و مقدار کلروفیل برگ که از صفات زینتی یک گیاه همیشه سبز بالارونده مثل پاپیتال است در بستر B3 بیشترین مقدار است. بیشترین درصد ماده خشک ریشه و شاخساره، نیتروژن، پتاسیم و روی نیز متعلق به گیاهان رشد یافته در بستر B3 بود. بیشترین مقدار کاروتنوئید برگ و بلندترین ریشه در بستر B5 اندازه گیری شد. بستر B1 نیز موفق ترین بستر در افزایش آهن برگ بود. بدین ترتیب بستر B3 به عنوان مناسب ترین بستر برای رشد پاپیتال معرفی می شود. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
219 - تاثیر بیوچار و ورمی کمپوست بر رشد و ویژگیهای فیزیولوژی بابونه کبیر(Tanacetum parthenium) در شرایط تنش خشکی
محبوبه نعیمی گل زرد مرضیه قنبری جهرمی سپیده کلاته جاریتنش خشکی یکی از شایع ترین مشکلاتی است که رشد و طول عمر گیاهان را محدود میکند. دانستن ویژگیهای واکنش گیاه نسبت به تنش خشکی میتواند در مدیریت و توسعه کشت آن مفید باشد. بابونه کبیر (Tanacetum parthenium L) یک گیاه دارویی بومی ایران است. بررسی امکان کشت این گیاه به دلیل Moreتنش خشکی یکی از شایع ترین مشکلاتی است که رشد و طول عمر گیاهان را محدود میکند. دانستن ویژگیهای واکنش گیاه نسبت به تنش خشکی میتواند در مدیریت و توسعه کشت آن مفید باشد. بابونه کبیر (Tanacetum parthenium L) یک گیاه دارویی بومی ایران است. بررسی امکان کشت این گیاه به دلیل سازگاری طبیعی و زیبایی آن در فضای سبز ارزشمند به نظر میرسد. به منظور بررسی اثر بیوچار و ورمی کمپوست بر رشد گیاه بابونه کبیر در خاک لومی و در شرایط تنش خشکی آزمایشی به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی (CRD) در سه تکرار انجام شد. نتایج نشان داد که تنش خشکی باعث کاهش وزن تر اندام هوایی، وزن خشک اندام هوایی، وزن تر ریشه، وزن خشک ریشه و محتوای آب نسبی برگ و همچنین افزایش آنزیم کاتالاز نسبت به تیمار شاهد شد. ورمی کمپوست و بیوچار باعث افزایش وزن تر و خشک اندام هوایی و ریشه، میزان کلروفیل و RWC برگ شدند. کاربرد این اصلاح کنندههای خاک فعالیت آنزیم کاتالاز و سوپراکسید دیسموتاز را کاهش داد. به طور کلی، ترکیب ورمی کمپوست و بیوچار بهترین تیمار برای بهبود وضعیت خاک و افزایش ویژگیهای رشدی گیاهان بابونه کبیر تحت تنش خشکی بود. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
220 - Study on Effects of Ascorbic Acid and Citric Acid on Vase Life of Cut Lisianthus (Eustoma grandiflorum) ‘Mariachi Blue’
Farnaz Sheikh Seyed Hossein Neamati Navid Vahdati Ali DolatkhahiThe postharvest life of cut Eustoma grandiflorum flowers is limited in open flowers. Therefore a factorial experiment based on a completely randomized design with ascorbic acid (AsA) at 4 levels (0, 100, 200, 300mg L-1) and citric acid (CA) at 3 levels (0, 100, 200 mg L MoreThe postharvest life of cut Eustoma grandiflorum flowers is limited in open flowers. Therefore a factorial experiment based on a completely randomized design with ascorbic acid (AsA) at 4 levels (0, 100, 200, 300mg L-1) and citric acid (CA) at 3 levels (0, 100, 200 mg L-1) with 3 replications and 3 samples for each replications, was conducted for this purpose. Results indicated that a significant increase with applying ascorbic and citric acid nearly in all traits both individually and in combination, with higher concentrations imposing greater effects (p≤0.05 and p≤0.01). The highest vase life (17.6 days) and petal water content (68.9%) was observed for the interaction of ascorbic acid (300 mg L-1) and citric acid(100 mg L-1) and ascorbic acid (300 mg L-1) and citric acid (200 mg L-1), re-spectively, which shows a 94 and 252% increase compared to control (9.1days and 27.3%). Along with this, relative water content and petal water content raised with AsA and CA increase. Water content also showed a similar manner. Fresh weight decreased in all treatments during experiment, but this reduction was much less in AsA (300 mg L-1) alone and in interactions with CA levels. According to the results of this experiment, ascorbic acid and/or citric acid as cheap, safe and biodegradable compounds are suitable alternatives for chemical treatments in order to prolong vase life of cut flowers of Eustoma. Commercialization of these compounds for optimum formulations needs further experiments. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
221 - اثر اسید سالیسیلیک، اسید سیتریک و اسید آسکوربیک روی کیفیت پس از برداشت و عمر گلجای گل های بریده ژربرا
مونا مهدی خواه رسول انسی نژاد محمد نبی ایلکایی بهزاد کاویانیگل بریده ژربرا به آلودگی میکروبی حساس است و عمر گلجایی کوتاهی دارد. اثر اسید سالیسیلیک، اسید سیتریک و اسید آسکوربیک (50، 100 و 200 میلی­گرم بر لیتر) روی عمر گلجای گل­های ژربرا ارزیابی شد. تغییرات در عمر گلجای، جذب آب و جمعیت باکتریایی در ساقه و محلول گلجای، همچن Moreگل بریده ژربرا به آلودگی میکروبی حساس است و عمر گلجایی کوتاهی دارد. اثر اسید سالیسیلیک، اسید سیتریک و اسید آسکوربیک (50، 100 و 200 میلی­گرم بر لیتر) روی عمر گلجای گل­های ژربرا ارزیابی شد. تغییرات در عمر گلجای، جذب آب و جمعیت باکتریایی در ساقه و محلول گلجای، همچنین ویژگی­های بیوشیمیایی مانند غلظت پروتیین، سطح پراکسیده­شدن لیپید و فعالیت آنزیم­هایی نظیر سوپراکسید دیسموتاز و پراکسیداز اندازه­گیری شدند و با شاهد مورد مقایسه قرار گرفتند. نتایج نشان داد که بیشینه عمر گلجای (31/11 و 21/11 روز) به­ترتیب در 100 میلی­گرم بر لیتر هم اسید سیتریک و هم اسید سالیسیلیک به­دست آمد. عمر گلجایی گل­های شاخه­بریده شاهد 80/5 روز بود. بیشترین جذب محلول (907/0 میلی­لیتر بر گرم وزن تر) همچنین در 100 میلی­گرم بر لیتر اسید سیتریک به­دست آمد. کمترین کلنی باکتریایی در انتهای ساقه (151) و محلول گلجای (33/66) در 100 میلی­گرم بر لیتر اسید سیتریک به­دست آمد. تفاوت­ها بین میزان کلنی­های باکتریایی در محلول گلجای حاوی 200 میلی­گرم بر لیتر اسید سیتریک و 100 و 200 میلی­گرم بر لیتر اسید سالیسیلیک با 100 میلی­گرم بر لیتر اسید سیتریک معنی­دار نبود. کمترین مقدار (04/46 و 21/46 نانومول بر گرم وزن تر) پراکسیده­شدن لیپید (MDA) به­ترتیب از گل­های بریده تیمارشده با 200 میلی­گرم بر لیتر اسید سیتریک و 100 میلی­گرم بر لیتر اسید سالیسیلیک به­دست آمد. بیشینه فعالیت پراکسیداز (063/0 میلی­مول بر گرم وزن تر) و سوپراکسید دیسموتاز (80/40 نانو­مول بر گرم وزن تر) در 200 میلی­گرم بر لیتر اسید سیتریک مشاهده شد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
222 - Impactof Integrated Organic Nutrient Handlingon Fruit Yields and Quality of Strawberry cv. Kurdistan in Iran
Ahmad Dadashpour Mohammad JoukiThis study was conducted during 2008-2009 to investigate the influence of different organic nutrient combinations on yields and quality of strawberry cv. Kurdistan in Iran. The experiment comprised of five organic nutrient treatment combinations including the recommende MoreThis study was conducted during 2008-2009 to investigate the influence of different organic nutrient combinations on yields and quality of strawberry cv. Kurdistan in Iran. The experiment comprised of five organic nutrient treatment combinations including the recommended dose of N, P and K through chemical fertilizer as control. Treatment N2 (manure+Azotobacter+ woodash+phosphorus solubilizing bacteria+oil cake) improvedsignificantly quality of fruit about diameter (3.11cm), length (3.95 cm), volume (20.397 cm3), weight (11.11g), total sugars (7.95%), total soluble solids (TSS) (9.01o Brix), acidity (0.857), TSS: acidity ratio) (11.12) and yields (238.95 g/plant). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
223 - Factor Analyses the Management Skills in Development of Organic Agriculture in West Azerbaijan Province Farms
Solieman Rasouliazar Maryam Sadeghi Nouraldin Shayesteh -
Open Access Article
224 - Factors Affecting Tendency towards Organic Production (Case Study: Greenhouse Producers of Tabriz Township, Iran)
Leila Bahrami Nokandeh Javad Mahmoodi Karamjavan -
Open Access Article
225 - Organic Farming: Opportunities and Challenges in Sundarbazar, Lamjung, Nepal
Anzali Gurung Ram Asheshwar Mandal Ajay Mathema -
Open Access Article
226 - Willingness To Pay For Organic Vegetables among Households in Anambra State, Nigeria
C Nwofoke B Bargissa -
Open Access Article
227 - Specialists’ Perception Regarding Effective factors in Development of Organic Agriculture in Ardabil Province
Leila Karpishe -
Open Access Article
228 - Identifying and Prioritizing the Challenges of Organic Farming Development Among Farmers in Lorestan Province
Jahanbakhsh Beiranvand Ahmad Reza Ommani Azadeh N. Noorivandi Mohammad Reza ArdakaniThe purpose of this research is qualitative analysis and prioritize the challenges of organic farming development in Lorestan province, Iran. This research has been conducted from February to December 2022 to provide a comprehensive, and practical model to understand th MoreThe purpose of this research is qualitative analysis and prioritize the challenges of organic farming development in Lorestan province, Iran. This research has been conducted from February to December 2022 to provide a comprehensive, and practical model to understand the challenges through grounded theory and Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) in Lorestan province. The data were collected by performing in-depth semi-structured interviews with the 32 agricultural experts in this field. To measure the validity of this qualitative study, a strategy of triangulation was used and to measure the reliability, constant testing and comparison methods of data and use of tables to record data were used. Data analysis was done by using MAXQDA12 in three steps: open coding, axial coding, and selective coding. The results of this study by grounded theory identified 29 initial codes and seven main following challenges were categorized and by AHP prioritized: lack of technical knowledge, skills and motivation in the field of organic production, weakness in the information and advertising network in the field of organic consumption, weakness in management and human resources of organic training courses, lack of financial resources and credits for organic training courses, structural and content weakness of organic training courses, weakness of modern research regarding organic agriculture and lack of awareness of the relative advantage of organic agriculture. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
229 - Adoption level on Organic Farming Practices by Fluted Pumpkin Vegetable Farmers in Enugu State, Nigeria
Sunday Obazi Miracle Iheanyichukwu David Okoronkwo Kingsley Obasi Samuel Esheya -
Open Access Article
230 - Effect of Arbuscular Mycorrhiza fungi application on distribution of phosphorus forms in rhizosphere soils of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)
Afshin Morovvat Abdolmajid Ronaghi Mehdi Zarei Mostafa Emadi Mohammad Bagher Heidarianpour Leila Gholami -
Open Access Article
231 - Educational, Social, Economical Barriers of Organic Agriculture Implementation
Masoud Samian Karim Nadery Mahdei Heshmatolah Saadi Elham Ansari Masoud Asadi Yaser Mardani -
Open Access Article
232 - Analyzing Perception and Technical Knowledge of Wheat Farmers Regarding Organic Farming Products
Azadeh N. Noorivandi -
Open Access Article
233 - Effect of vermicompost and manure on morphological traits, yield and essential oil content of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.)
Peyman Mohammadzadeh ToutounchiOrganic fertilizers are valuable sources for improving soil quality and increasing crop yield. In order to evaluate the effect of vermicompost and manure application on morphological traits, yield and essential oil of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.), a field experiment was MoreOrganic fertilizers are valuable sources for improving soil quality and increasing crop yield. In order to evaluate the effect of vermicompost and manure application on morphological traits, yield and essential oil of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.), a field experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with eight treatments and three replications in Urmia city in 2019. The experimental treatments included control (T1), vermicompost [5 tons (T2), 10 tons (T3), 15 tons (T4), 25 tons per hectare (T5)], cow manure [10 tons (T6), 15 tons (T7) and 20 tons per hectare (T8)]. According to the results of ANOVA, the effect of the treatments on all studied traits was significant (p≤0.01). Results showed that T5 treatment increased plant height, number of leaves per plant, biological yield, seed yield, essential oil content and essential oil yield in comparison with control 67.81, 60.91, 53.36, 42.86, 109 and 72.95%, respectively. The highest number of lateral branches per plant (15.61) belonged to the T8 treatment, which was not significantly different from the T5. The T4 treatment had the maximum (45.66) flower number per plant among the treatments and this treatment was not significantly different from the T5 treatment. Also, the highest 1000-grain weight (2.72 g) was obtained from T4 treatment, which was in a same statistical group with T5 and T8 treatments. Overall, the results indicated that the application of vermicompost and cow manure had a favorable effect on morphological traits, yield and essential oil content of basil. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
234 - Effect of organic and chemical fertilizers along with silicon application on morpho-physiological characteristics and yield of purple coneflower (Echinacea purpurea L.)
Hasan Yahyapoor Yousof NiknezhadThis research was conducted with aim of investigating the effects of organic and chemical fertilizers along with silicon on morpho-physiological characteristics and yield of purple coneflower (Echinacea purpurea L.), in Mazandaran,, Amol during 2022. The experiment was MoreThis research was conducted with aim of investigating the effects of organic and chemical fertilizers along with silicon on morpho-physiological characteristics and yield of purple coneflower (Echinacea purpurea L.), in Mazandaran,, Amol during 2022. The experiment was cconducted as a split-plot in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The experimental treatments include the application of organic and chemical fertilizers at four levels (control, manure, vermicompost and chemical fertilizer) as the main plot and silicon at three levels (control, potassium silicate and nano-Si) were considered as sub plot. The results indicated that the most growth characteristics like plant height, number of flowers per plant and leaf area were obtained by chemical fertilizer. The highest dry weight of plant organ was achieved with use of chemical fertilizers. The highest dry weight of flowers (429.3 g.m-2) was obtained by chemical fertilizer, which was not significantly different from the use of vermicompost (417.3 g.m-2). The application of both sources of silicon led to improvement in the number of flowers per plant, leaf area, and concentration of chlorophylls compared with control, although the application of nano-Si had higher improvement effects compared with potassium silicate. The nano-Si increased the dry weight of flowers by 9.6 and 7.4% compared with non-application of silicon and potassium silicate, respectively. Therefore, according to the findings of the present study, application of vermicompost organic fertilizer is introduced as a suitable alternative to chemical fertilizers, as well as nano-Si application to improve the morpho-physiological characteristics and yield of purple coneflower. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
235 - Investigating the effects of various amounts of urea fertilizer and sugar cane filter on yield and functional parameters of wheat bread
Ahmed Al Kathir Teimour Babaeinejad Ali GholamiIn order to investigate the effect of different amounts of chemical fertilizers (urea) and organic (sugar cane filter) on wheat yield, an experiment was conducted in 2014 as split plots in a randomized complete blocks design with three replications in the land cultivati MoreIn order to investigate the effect of different amounts of chemical fertilizers (urea) and organic (sugar cane filter) on wheat yield, an experiment was conducted in 2014 as split plots in a randomized complete blocks design with three replications in the land cultivation plant of Haft Tape sugar cane (Shush) was implemented. Sugar cane filter fertilizer was used in four levels (without filter cake (T1), 20 t / ha (T2), 40 t / ha (T3) and 60 t / ha (T4) as the main factor and Fertilizer urea was considered as a sub factor in there levels of fertilizer: No-fertilizer (N1), 100 kg/ha (N2) and 200 kg / ha (N3). The results of analysis of variance of treatments showed that the effect of sugar cane filter at 5% probability level and fertilizer urea at 1% probability level was significant for all studied traits except for 1000 seed weight. Also, interaction of treatments on yield and yield components of wheat was not significant. The results of the comparison of the mean of the data showed that the increase of sugar cane filter as a organic matter to soil, plant height, spike length, spikelet number per spike, number of seeds per spike, number of spikes per square meter, 1000 grain weight, grain yield per square meter and harvest index significantly increased. The treatment of 60 tons of filter cake per hectare increased seed yield by about 137. 6 gr/m2 (from 648.4 to 510.5 gr/m2), equivalent to 21.2% of the control (without filter cake). Using Urea fertilizer, the measured traits significantly increased compared to the control. The application of urea fertilizer at 200 and 100 kg/ha increased grain yields of 228.5 and 201.3 gr/m², equaling 33.6% and 32.6%, respectively. In general, the results showed that increasing the use of urea and organic fertilizers has led to a significant increase in growth and functional attributes, and the best treatment for chemical fertilizers and organic fertilizers is 200 kg/ha and 60 T/ha of filter cake, respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
236 - استراتژیهای بازاریابی محصولات ارگانیک در ایران
محمود محمدیان محمدعلی داداشی -
Open Access Article
237 - کشاورزی ارگانیک: غذا برای مصرفکنندگان سبز آتی در ایران
یلدا رحمتی غفرانی محمد طالقانی ابراهیم چیرانیدر طول اعصار، کشاورزی دچار تغییرات گوناگونی شده است و همواره انسان مهم­ترین عامل تغییر در آن بوده است. در قرن اخیر به علت رشد روزافزون جمعیت، نگرش اولیه انسان به طبیعت که نگرشی دوستانه بود جای خود را به ارتباطییک طرفه و علیه طبیعت داد؛به­طوری­که کودهای شیمیا Moreدر طول اعصار، کشاورزی دچار تغییرات گوناگونی شده است و همواره انسان مهم­ترین عامل تغییر در آن بوده است. در قرن اخیر به علت رشد روزافزون جمعیت، نگرش اولیه انسان به طبیعت که نگرشی دوستانه بود جای خود را به ارتباطییک طرفه و علیه طبیعت داد؛به­طوری­که کودهای شیمیایی، سموم دفع آفات نباتی،فراورده­های هورمونی و غیره به بخش کشاورزی وارد شدند و به کمک بهره­گیری از ارقام اصلاح شده، جهش­های بزرگی در افزایش تولید محصولات کشاورزی بوجود آمد تا به تقاضای روبه رشد موادغذایی پاسخ داده شود.اما این افزایش تولید، مشکلات زیست­محیطی و بهداشتی برای تولیدکنندگان و مصرف­کنندگان را نیز در پی داشت. افزایش آگاهیمصرف­کننده درباره موضوعات زیست­محیطی منجر به افزایش توجه به مصرف غذای ارگانیک گشته است. این امر موجب افزایش تحقیقات ارگانیک شده است. اغلب این تحقیقات در کشورهای توسعه یافته انجام شده و سهم کشورهای درحال توسعه از آن آندک است. این مقاله اثرات دانش ارگانیک، ادراک از پیامدها، هنجارهای ذهنی، قیمت، اعتماد سبز، اثربخشی ادراک شده مصرف کننده، دسترسی، مزیت نسبی، تمایل به خرید ارگانیک را بر رفتار خرید ارگانیکمصرف­کنندگان ایرانی به­عنوان مصرف­کنندگان یک کشور درحال توسعه بررسیمی­کند. نتایجپژوهش، اثر قیمت، اثربخشیمصرف­کننده و ادراک از پیامدها را بر تمایل به خرید محصولات غذایی ارگانیک تایید می­کند. درحالی­که دانش ارگانیک، اعتماد سبز، قیمت، اثربخشیمصرف­کننده و تمایل موثر بر رفتار خرید ارگانیک شناخته شده­اند. این مقاله کاربردهای نتایج تحقیق برای شاغلان حوزه کشاورزی و بازاریابان مطرح می­کند. Manuscript profile -
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238 - بررسی عوامل موثر بر بازاریابی محصولات کشاورزی ارگانیک(مطالعه موردی: شهرستان میاندوآب)
Zohreh Jesarati Loghman Rshidpour Soleiman Rasouli Azarدر موقعیت کنونی کشاورزی ارگانیک به سرعت در حال رشد و گسترش می­باشد در حالیکه فقدان دانش و مهارت برای مدیریت یک مزرعه ارگانیک و فقدان فرصت­های بازاری برای محصولات ارگانیک مهم­ترین دلیل برای عدم کاربرد فعالیت­های کشاورزی ارگانیک بوده است. بنابراین هدف کلی Moreدر موقعیت کنونی کشاورزی ارگانیک به سرعت در حال رشد و گسترش می­باشد در حالیکه فقدان دانش و مهارت برای مدیریت یک مزرعه ارگانیک و فقدان فرصت­های بازاری برای محصولات ارگانیک مهم­ترین دلیل برای عدم کاربرد فعالیت­های کشاورزی ارگانیک بوده است. بنابراین هدف کلی این تحقیق تبیین عوامل موثر بر بازاریابی محصولات کشاورزی ارگانیک بود. این تحقیق از نوع تحقیقات پیمایشی- توصیفی و از نظر هدف کاربردی بود. ابزار پژوهش، پرسشنامهای محقق ساخته بود که به منظور تعیین روایی ابزار سنجش، با استفاده از روش اعتبار محتوایی و پایایی آن از آزمون آلفای کرنباخ استفاده شد که مقدار این ضریب 89 درصد بدست آمد. جامعه آماری این پژوهش شامل کلیه کشاورزانی بود که محصولات ارگانیک تولیدی خود را به میدان تره بار میاندوآب عرضه کرده اند. حجم نمونه با استفاده از جدول مورگان- کرجیسی 148 نمونه تعیین شد و با استفاده از روش نمونه گیری طبقه­ای و تصادفی ساده انتخاب و در نهایت 150 پرسشنامه تکمیل و جمع­آوری شد. نتایج به دست آمده نشان داد که ارتباط معنی­داری بین بازاریابی محصولات کشاورزی ارگانیک با عوامل آموزشی، عوامل اقتصادی، عوامل اطلاعاتی، عوامل تولیدی و عوامل اجتماعی در سطح 05/0 وجود دارد. همچنین نتایج حاصل از تحلیل رگرسیونی نشان داد که متغیرهای عوامل تولید، عوامل آموزشی و عوامل اقتصادی 53 درصد از تغییرات متغیر وابسته را تعیین کردند. Manuscript profile -
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239 - Influencing Factors on Adoption of Organic Farming from the Perspective of Horticulturists in Sari County, Iran
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240 - مقایسه رفتار کشت محصول سالم بر اساس متغیرهای جمعیت شناسی(مطالعه موردی: بهره برداران روستایی استان کرمانشاه در ایران)
مرضیه معرف alireza poursaeed roya eshraghi hamed chaharsoghi aminبا افزایش جمعیت روزافزون جهان ، تأمین غذای مورد نیاز جامعه بشری با محدودیت های جدی روبرو است ، این امر به دو دلیل باعث شده است که کشاورزان از سموم دفع آفات و سموم شیمیایی استفاده کنند: اول افزایش تولید و دوم مبارزه با آفات گیاهی .استفاده از سموم و کودهای شیمیایی افراد ر Moreبا افزایش جمعیت روزافزون جهان ، تأمین غذای مورد نیاز جامعه بشری با محدودیت های جدی روبرو است ، این امر به دو دلیل باعث شده است که کشاورزان از سموم دفع آفات و سموم شیمیایی استفاده کنند: اول افزایش تولید و دوم مبارزه با آفات گیاهی .استفاده از سموم و کودهای شیمیایی افراد را در معرض خطر بیشتری قرار داده است. کشت محصولات ایمن راهی برای مبارزه با این مشکل است. در مطالعه حاضر ، پژوهشگر رفتار کشت محصولات سالم را بر اساس متغیرهای جمعیت شناختی مقایسه کرده است. این تحقیق یک مطالعه غیر آزمایشی از نوع کمی ، پس رویدادی(تحقیق علی - مقایسه ای) است. جامعه آماری تحقیق 80304 نفربهره بردار روستایی استان کرمانشاه بود که 385 نفر به عنوان حجم نمونه انتخاب شدند. به دلیل پراکندگی جامعه آماری ، 400 پرسشنامه از طریق نمونه گیری خوشه ای چند مرحله ای بین کاربران توزیع شد.نتایج نشان داد که بین میانگین نمرات رفتاربهره برداران در خصوص کشت محصولات سالم در استان کرمانشاه بر اساس متغیرهای شرکت در کلاسهای آموزشی - ترویجی ، الگوی نقش ، سن ، سابقه کار، سطح تحصیلات و درآمد ماهانه ، تفاوت معنی داری وجود دارد. فقط متغیرهای تاهل و جنسیتی تفاوت معنی داری با رفتار کشت محصول سالم نداشتند. با برگزاری کلاسهای ترویجی در این زمینه و معرفی کشاورزان نمونه و موفق به عنوان الگو و دادن پاداش مالی به آنها می توان به موفقیت هایی در زمینه کشاورزی سالم دست یافت.دولت و سازمان ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی در دستیابی به این موفقیت نقش بسزایی دارند Manuscript profile -
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241 - بررسی زنجیره تأمین محصولات کشاورزی ارگانیک در ایران
سروش قاضی نوری لعیا الفت حهانیار بامداد صوفی ؤضوان احدی پژوهش حاضر با هدف بررسی زنجیره تأمین محصولات کشاورزی ارگانیک و ارائه چارچوب بلوغ فرآیندهای این زنجیره بر اساس استاندارد محصولات ارگانیک ایران انجام شده است. مدل پیشنهادی این تحقیق، ابزاری برای بهبود است که با توجه به تعریف سطح ب More پژوهش حاضر با هدف بررسی زنجیره تأمین محصولات کشاورزی ارگانیک و ارائه چارچوب بلوغ فرآیندهای این زنجیره بر اساس استاندارد محصولات ارگانیک ایران انجام شده است. مدل پیشنهادی این تحقیق، ابزاری برای بهبود است که با توجه به تعریف سطح بلوغ، در سطوح پایین به ادغام فرآیندهای داخلی شرکت و در سطوح بالاتر بلوغ، ادغام فرایندها با شرکای خارجی میپردازد. این مدل بر اساس مؤلفههای اصلی مدلهای بلوغ یعنی سطوح بلوغ با ساختار پنج سطحی و پرسشنامه مربوطه (تاییدشده با شاخص CVI) طراحی شده و وضعیت موجود زنجیره تامین محصولات کشاورزی ارگانیک با آن مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفته و نقاط قوت و ضعف این زنجیره مشخص شده است. با توجه به نتایج حاصل از اجرای مدل بلوغ پیشنهادی در دو مورد مطالعه، مشخص شد که دو فرآیند مدیریت خدمت به مشتری و مدیریت ارتباط با مشتری بیشترین توجه و بهبود را نیاز دارد، که منطبق با یافته های نظری است. در شرکت الف، فقدان ارتباطات مستقیم یا بستر ارتباطات آنلاین برای ارتباط با مشتریان از جمله نقاط ضعف و کیفیت خوب محصولات از جمله نقاط قوت، و در شرکت ب، فقدان رویه جمعآوری و مستندسازی اطلاعات از جمله نقاط ضعف و روابط نزدیک با شرکای کلیدی از جمله نقاط قوت شناسایی شده بر اساس ارزیابی با مدل بلوغ پیشنهادی هستند. در نهایت، راهکارهای بهبود با استفاده از روشANP برای هر یک از این فرایندها ارائه شده که میتواند به عنوان یک برنامه عملی توسط مدیران و دستاندرکاران این حوزه مورد استفاده قرار گیرد. Manuscript profile -
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242 - تبیین موانع بازگشت به کشاورزی ارگانیک در استان آذربایجان غربی
لقمان رشیدپورهدف از این مطالعه تبیین موانع تبدیل به کشاورزی ارگانیک در استان آذربایجان غربی بود. پژوهش حاضر یک تحقیق توصیفی – پیمایشی، بر مبنای هدف از نوع تحقیقات کاربردی، و بر اساس گردآوری داده ها یک تحقیق میدانی است. برای دستیابی به اهداف مطالعه، گردآوری داده ها با است Moreهدف از این مطالعه تبیین موانع تبدیل به کشاورزی ارگانیک در استان آذربایجان غربی بود. پژوهش حاضر یک تحقیق توصیفی – پیمایشی، بر مبنای هدف از نوع تحقیقات کاربردی، و بر اساس گردآوری داده ها یک تحقیق میدانی است. برای دستیابی به اهداف مطالعه، گردآوری داده ها با استفاده از پرسشنامه و مصاحبه های عمیق از دو گروه کشاورزان ارگانیک کار و کشاورزان متداول کارانجام شد. جامعه آماری شامل 400 نفر از کشاورزان بودند که با استفاده از جدول مورگان انتخاب شدند. برای تعیین نمونه از روش نمونهگیری خوشهای استفاده شد. ابزار پژوهش شامل پرسشنامه محقق ساخته بود که روایی آن توسط یک گروه متخصص شامل متخصصان کشاورزی و توسعه و توسعه روستایی مورد تایید قرار گرفت. از ضریب آلفای کرونباخ برای اندازه گیری پایایی بخش های مختلف استفاده شد و مقدار آن 87/0 تعیین شد. نتایج تحلیل عاملی نشان داد که موانع بازگشت به کشاورزی ارگانیک را می توان در 5 فاکتور شامل، موانع اقتصادی، موانع اجتماعی، موانع حمایتی سیاستی ، موانع اطلاع رسانی و آموزشی و موانع طبیعی طبقه بندی کرد، که این فاکتورها در مجموع 47.8٪ واریانس موانع تبدیل به کشاورزی ارگانیک را تبیین نمودند. Manuscript profile -
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243 - کاربرد روش داده بنیاد برای شناسایی و تحلیل عوامل موثر بر موفقیت بازاریابی محصولات کشاورزی ارگانیک ایرانی
بهمن قاسمی مهرداد گودرزوند چگینی ابراهیم چیرانیهدف اصلی این مطالعه ارائه مدلی از عوامل موثر بر موفقیت بازاریابی محصولات کشاورزی ارگانیک ایران با استفاده از رویکرد کیفی مبتنی بر نظریه داده بنیاد بود. ابزار گردآوری داده ها مصاحبه های نیمه ساختار یافته با 12 مدیر بازاریابی شرکت های تولید کننده محصولات کشاورزی ارگانیک ا Moreهدف اصلی این مطالعه ارائه مدلی از عوامل موثر بر موفقیت بازاریابی محصولات کشاورزی ارگانیک ایران با استفاده از رویکرد کیفی مبتنی بر نظریه داده بنیاد بود. ابزار گردآوری داده ها مصاحبه های نیمه ساختار یافته با 12 مدیر بازاریابی شرکت های تولید کننده محصولات کشاورزی ارگانیک است که با روش نمونه گیری هدفمند انتخاب شده اند. تجزیه و تحلیل داده ها در سه مرحله کدگذاری باز ، محوری و انتخابی انجام شد که در آن 343 مفهوم کلیدی ، 111 کد و 32 زیر شاخه شناسایی و در پنج گروه اصلی شامل "عوامل مرتبط با محصول" ، "عوامل مرتبط با قیمت" ،. "عوامل مرتبط با ارتقاء" ، "عوامل مرتبط با مصرف کننده" و "عوامل مرتبط با تولید" طبقه بندی شد .در نهایت ، یک مدل جامع از عوامل موثر بر موفقیت بازاریابی محصولات کشاورزی ارگانیک ارائه شده است. Manuscript profile -
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244 - ارائه مدل رفتاری خریداران واقعی محصولات ارگانیک در استان گیلان
رویا شریفی بهرام خیری یلدا رحمتی غفرانیهدف از این پژوهش بررسی عوامل تاثیرگذار بر رفتار واقعی خریداران محصولات ارگانیک می­باشد. ابزار پژوهش، نیز پرسشنامه بوده است. جامعه آماری این تحقیق شامل مصرف­کنندگان محصولات ارگانیک در استان گیلان میباشد که با توجه به نامحدود بودن نمونه­گیری انجام شد و تعداد Moreهدف از این پژوهش بررسی عوامل تاثیرگذار بر رفتار واقعی خریداران محصولات ارگانیک می­باشد. ابزار پژوهش، نیز پرسشنامه بوده است. جامعه آماری این تحقیق شامل مصرف­کنندگان محصولات ارگانیک در استان گیلان میباشد که با توجه به نامحدود بودن نمونه­گیری انجام شد و تعداد نمونه 384 به دست آمد. از روش نمونه گیری تصادفی در دسترس برای توزیع پرسشنامه ها استفاده شد. ارزیابی مدل و آزمون فرضیهها از مدلسازی معادلات ساختاری با استفاده از نرم افزار اسمارت پی ال اس انجام گردید. نتایج حاصل از آزمون فرضیهها نشان داد که قیمت درک شده، آگاهی سلامتی، در دسترس بودن، دانش ارگانیک و هنجار ذهنی بر نگرش مصرف­کننده تاثیرگذار بوده است. هم چنین نگرش مصرف کننده بر قصد خرید و قصد خرید بر رفتار واقعی خرید تاثیرگذار هستند. همچنین مشخص گردید که چنانچه اطلاع­رسانی درخصوص محصولات ارگانیگ و همچنین معرفی مزیت­های آنها و اهمیت محیط­زیستی این محصولات بیشتر گردد، مصرف­کنندگان تمایل بیشتری برای قصد خرید خواهند داشت. علاوه بر این نتایج نشان داد که، تهیه بروشور معرفی محصولات ارگانیک و در اختیار قراردادن نتایج بررسی­های انجام شده روی محصولات ارگانیک به خریداران و تشکیل گروه­ها و انجمن­های دوستدار محیط­زیست می­تواند نگرش خریداران را متحول سازد. Manuscript profile -
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245 - ارزش اقتصادی برنج ارگانیک
یدالله بستان احمد فتاحی اردکانی محمدرضا تابشدر یک دهه گذشته به دلیل نگرانی در مورد مسائل زیست­محیطی و بهداشتی مربوط به محصولات غذایی، تقاضا برای محصولات ارگانیک افزایش یافته است. این مطالعه داده­های بازاریابی در مورد ترجیحات مصرف­کننده و تمایل به پرداخت (WTP) برای محصول برنج ارگانیک در شهر بابل در شما Moreدر یک دهه گذشته به دلیل نگرانی در مورد مسائل زیست­محیطی و بهداشتی مربوط به محصولات غذایی، تقاضا برای محصولات ارگانیک افزایش یافته است. این مطالعه داده­های بازاریابی در مورد ترجیحات مصرف­کننده و تمایل به پرداخت (WTP) برای محصول برنج ارگانیک در شهر بابل در شمال ایران را ارائه می­دهد. هدف اصلی این مطالعه برآورد تمایل مصرف­کننده شهری برای پرداخت برنج ارگانیک و تعیین ویژگی­های اصلی مصرف­کنندگان در هنگام خرید برنج ارگانیک است. روش مورد استفاده برای رسیدن به هدف، روش ارزشگذاری مشروط (CVM) با استفاده از یک تابع احتمال لجستیک و پرسشنامه دوگانه دوبعدی (DBD) است. نتایج مدل لاجیت برای برنج ارگانیک نشان داد که متغیرهای سطح تحصیلات، سابقه سرطان در خانواده، سابقه بیمه، درآمد، قیمت پیشنهادی و مصرف محصولات ارگانیک از نظر آماری معنی­دار و اثرگذار بر تمایل به پرداخت مصرف­کنندگان هستند. نتایج مطالعه ما نشان داد که میانگین تمایل به پرداخت برای یک کیلوگرم برنج ارگانیک 33/152467 ریال برآورد شده است. براساس میانگین نرخ ارز شش ماهه سال 2018 (33500 ریال) برای هر خانواده مورد مطالعه، ماهیانه معادل 55/4 دلار از درآمد آن­ها برای خرید برنج ارگانیک اختصاص می­یابد. در نتیجه، کل ارزش اقتصادی برنج ارگانیک 2254893.072 دلار است. این نتایج اطلاعات مهمی در مورد فرصتهای بازار و همچنین اجرای سیاستهای مربوط به تولید محصولات کشاورزی ارگانیک ارائه میدهد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
246 - بقایای برنج و مدیریت خاکورزی در مزارع برنج گیلان: یک رویکرد اساسی در مدیریت پایدار کشاورزی
فاطمه علیپور مبارکی علی محمدی ترکاشوند محمود شعبانپور شهرستانی علی اعلمییکی از مهمترین عوامل موثر در آلودگی هوا ، تخریب محیط زیست خاک و مشکلات بهداشتی ناشی از آنها در مزارع شالیزاری تولید حجم زیادی از پسماندهای ناشی از فعالیت های کشت برنج است. مدیریت ضعیف ضایعات (پوسته و کاه ) برنج (مانند سوزاندن) با تهدید سیستم های پایدارکشت بر پایه برنج و Moreیکی از مهمترین عوامل موثر در آلودگی هوا ، تخریب محیط زیست خاک و مشکلات بهداشتی ناشی از آنها در مزارع شالیزاری تولید حجم زیادی از پسماندهای ناشی از فعالیت های کشت برنج است. مدیریت ضعیف ضایعات (پوسته و کاه ) برنج (مانند سوزاندن) با تهدید سیستم های پایدارکشت بر پایه برنج و اقتصاد کشاورزان می تواند مشکل ساز شود. یک روش امیدوار کننده برای کاهش اثرات منفی آنها استفاده از روشهای مدیریتی جایگزین برای تضمین امنیت غذایی و کشاورزی پایدار ، پرداختن به مسائل مدیریت پسماندهای کشاورزی است. در حال حاضر ، سوزاندن ضایعات برنج و خاکورزی خارج از فصل دو موضوع مهم روز هستند که مورد توجه بسیاری از محققان کشاورزی قرار گرفته است. به عنوان بخشی از یک پروژه کلان، ما اثرات سوختن بقایای برنج را بر روی تعدادی از خصوصیات شیمیایی و فیزیکی خاک شالیزار ، عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد برنج ، آفات ، بیماری ها و جمعیت علف های هرز رایج برنج بررسی کردیم. در این راستا، آزمایش مزرعه ایی یک ساله حاضر بصورت فاکتوریل و با پنج فاکتور در قالب طرح بلوک های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار انجام شد. تیمارها عبارتند از : روشهای خاکورزی در سه سطح (بدون شخم ، شخم پاییزی و شخم زمستانه) و مدیریت بقایای گیاهان در دو سطح (سوزاندن بقایا و حفظ بقایا). خواص شیمیایی (ارت کل ، مقدار روی و درصد کربن آلی) و فیزیکی (میزان نفوذ) خاک شالیزاری به طور معنی داری تحت تأثیر مدیریت پسماند (P≤0.05) ، به جز وزن مخصوص ظاهری ، قرار گرفت. درصد اولیه کربن آلی خاک (2.18٪) و در نتیجه میزان نفوذ اولیه (2.04) تحت تاثیر تیمار های شخم به ترتیب در حدود 0.51٪ ، 2.69 و 2.81 افزایش یافت. علاوه بر این ، وزن هزار دانه و وزن دانه های پر با تیمارهای فوق به ترتیب حدود 8 و 9 درصد افزایش یافت. میزان بروز کرم ساقه خوار ساقه برنج از شخم زمستانه و پاییزی تأثیر منفی ای در حدود بیش از 4 برابر پذیرفته است این در حالی است که تفاوت معنی داری بین شخم زمستانی و پاییزی دیده نشد. تیمارهای اعمال شده هیچ تأثیر قابل توجهی روی جمعیت مورد مطالعه علف های هرز نداشتند ، به جز علف هرز 1 که مدیریت خاکورزی باعث کاهش حدود 2 برابری جمعیت آن شد. تیمارهای اعمال شده (به تنهایی و یا ترکیبی) هم باعث کاهش علفهای هرز و آفات و بیماریهای برنج شده و هم به میزان قابل توحهی سبب بهبود برخی از خصوصیات مهم فیزیکی و شیمیایی خاک شده است. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
247 - طراحی الگوی تمایل به خرید محصولات ارگانیک مشتریان با تاکید بر رسانه های اجتماعی مبتنی بر رویکرد داده بنیاد
شایان بصیر محمدرضا آزاده دل مریم اوشک سراییهدف این پژوهش طراحی الگوی تمایل به خرید کاربران همراه اول در صنعت ارگانیک بوده است. این پژوهش از نوع پژوهش­های کیفی بوده که با استفاده از رویکرد مبتنی بر نظریـه داده بنیـاد انجـام شـده است. جامعه آماری این پژوهش شامل اساتید دانشگاه، افراد متخصص و خبرگانی در حوزه محص Moreهدف این پژوهش طراحی الگوی تمایل به خرید کاربران همراه اول در صنعت ارگانیک بوده است. این پژوهش از نوع پژوهش­های کیفی بوده که با استفاده از رویکرد مبتنی بر نظریـه داده بنیـاد انجـام شـده است. جامعه آماری این پژوهش شامل اساتید دانشگاه، افراد متخصص و خبرگانی در حوزه محصولات ارگانیک، بازاریابی و فروش بودند که حداقل 15 سال سابقه در حوزه کاری خود داشتند که بر مبنای روش نمونه گیری هدفمند در مجموع تعداد 15 نفر بـه عنـوان نمونه انتخـاب شـدند. داده­ها با روش مصاحبه با روش هدایت کلیات و به صورت نیمه ساختار یافته گردآوری شد. در تمامی مراحل از نرم افزار MAXQDA بهره برده شد. برای به دسـت آوردن اعتبار و روایی داده­ها از دو روش بازبینی مشارکت کنندگان و مرور خبرگان غیـر شـرکت کننـده در پژوهش استفاده شد و اعتبار داده­ها و یافته­ها پس از دریافت نظرات اصلاحی و اعمال آن­ها در مدل یا الگوی نهایی پژوهش تائید شد. داده­ها به روش های معمول در مراحل تحلیل مطابق فنون پیشنهادی اشتراوس و کوربین تحلیل شد. و بـا توجـه بـه شـرایط علّـی، شرایط زمینه­ای و پدیده محوری، راهبردها و پیامدهایی تدوین و مدل نهایی بر اساس آن ارائه شد. نتیجه اصلی این مطالعه کیفی این بود که هر دو رسانه سنتی و مدرن در قصد خرید مشتریان موثرند. با این حال، نقش رسانه های سنتی همچنان بیشتر است. این طرح با هدف افزایش استفاده از پلتفرمهای استاندارد در رسانههای اجتماعی در میان بخشهای مختلف مشتریان، بهویژه در میان جمعیت جوانتر انجام گردید. Manuscript profile -
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248 - مدل مسئولیت اجتماعی شرکتها در حوزه بازاریابی سبز با تاکید بر وابستگی به برند از دیدگاه مصرفکنندگان محصولات ارگانیک
روزا طاعتی عبدالحمید ابراهیمی حمیدرضا سعیدنیا زهرا علیپور درویشی محمد طالقانیمحصولات ارگانیک در توسعه پایبندی نظام بازرگانی به مسائل زیست­محیطی، عاملی مطرح جهت تعهد به مسئولیت اجتماعی شرکتها در حوزه بازاریابی سبز میباشد. مطالعه با هدف ارائه و آزمون مدل مسئولیت اجتماعی شرکتها در حوزه بازاریابی سبز از دیدگاه مصرفکنندگان محصولات ارگانیک با Moreمحصولات ارگانیک در توسعه پایبندی نظام بازرگانی به مسائل زیست­محیطی، عاملی مطرح جهت تعهد به مسئولیت اجتماعی شرکتها در حوزه بازاریابی سبز میباشد. مطالعه با هدف ارائه و آزمون مدل مسئولیت اجتماعی شرکتها در حوزه بازاریابی سبز از دیدگاه مصرفکنندگان محصولات ارگانیک با تأکید بر وابستگی به برند صورت پذیرفت. مطالعه کاربردی و از نوع آمیخته و اکتشافی بوده است. جامعه آماری بخش کمی کلیه مشتریان محصولات ارگانیک در شهر تهران بودهاند که با توجه به جدول کرجسی-مورگان 385 نفر مورد نظرسنجی قرار گرفتند. تحلیل دادههای بخش کمی نیز از طریق مدل معادلات ساختاری و نرمافزار PLS صورت پذیرفت. طبق یافتههای بدست آمده در کدگذاری دادههای کیفی پژوهش در مجموع 335 مفهوم استخراج شده که در 83 مقوله دستهبندی شدند. با توجه به دستهبندی مقولهها (26 مقوله اصلی) در ابعاد مدل طبق رویکرد دادهبنیان، مدل پژوهش ارائه گردید. همچنین تحلیلهای کمی نشان داد که شرایط علی بر پدیده اصلی یعنی مسئولیت اجتماعی در حوزه بازاریابی سبز محصولات ارگانیک تاثیرگذار است. مسئولیت اجتماعی در حوزه بازاریابی سبز، شرایط زمینهای و شرایط مداخلهگر بر روی راهبردها تاثیرگذار هستند. علاوه بر این راهبردها نیز بر پیامدهای مدل تاثیرگذارند. مسئولیت اجتماعی در حوزه بازاریابی سبز به پذیرش و سلامت جامعه بستگی دارد. Manuscript profile -
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249 - بررسی رابطه بین "دیدگاه اعضای نظام اطلاعات کشاورزی نسبت به کشاورزی ارگانیک" و "نگرش زیست محیطی آنها"
Mehdi Nooripoor Sanaz Arpanahi Zeinab Sharifiهدف پژوهش حاضر، بررسی رابطه بین نگرش زیست محیطی اعضای نظام اطلاعات کشاورزی و دیدگاه آنان نسبت به محصولات ارگانیک در بخش مرکزی شهرستان بویر احمد بود. جامعه آماری مطالعه شامل محققان، مروجان و کشاورزان منطقه مورد مطالعه بود که اندازه نمونه با استفاده از جدول نمونه­گیری Moreهدف پژوهش حاضر، بررسی رابطه بین نگرش زیست محیطی اعضای نظام اطلاعات کشاورزی و دیدگاه آنان نسبت به محصولات ارگانیک در بخش مرکزی شهرستان بویر احمد بود. جامعه آماری مطالعه شامل محققان، مروجان و کشاورزان منطقه مورد مطالعه بود که اندازه نمونه با استفاده از جدول نمونه­گیری کرجیسی و مورگان به ترتیب حدود 62 و 55 و 60 نفر تعیین شد. ابزار اصلی جمع­آوری داده­ها در بخش دیدگاه پاسخگویان نسبت به محصولات ارگانیک، پرسشنامه از قبل طراحی شده بود که روایی محتوایی آن توسط متخصصان توسعه روستایی تایید و پایایی ابزار سنجش نیز با استفاده از ضزیب آلفای کرونباخ (76/0-94/0) مورد تایید قرار گرفت. همچنین نگرش زیست محیطی پاسخگویان با استفاده از آزمون پارادایم نوین محیطی(NEP) دانلپ و همکاران سنجیده شد. نتایج نشان داد که محققان، مروجان و کشاورزان از نگرش زیست محیطی متوسطی برخوردار بودند. علاوه بر آن، محققان و مروجان نسبت به محصولات ارگانیک دیدگاه بالاتر از متوسط داشتند. در حالی که کشاورزان دیدگاه نسبتاً مطلوبی داشتند. فزون بر این، رابطه بین دیدگاه اعضای نظام اطلاعات کشاورزی نسبت به محصولات ارگانیک و نگرش زیست محیطی آن­ها مثبت و معنی­دار بود که نشان داد هر چه نگرش زیست محیطی مطلوب تری داشته یاشند، تمایل بیشتری به محصولات ارگانیک دارند. در نتیجه، می توان گفت بهبود نگرش زیست محیطی به منظور تولید محصولات سالم و حفظ محیط زیست باید در اولویت قرار گیرد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
250 - The Requirements of Organic Pomegranate Marketing from Paveh Growers Perspective
Farhad Lashgarara Shaghayegh Ehtesham Maryam OmidiOne factor that has highlighted the role of agriculture in the economy is to make the marketing system of agricultural products more efficient. The main purpose of this study was to identify the requirements of marketing the organic pomegranate of Paveh, Kermanshah Prov MoreOne factor that has highlighted the role of agriculture in the economy is to make the marketing system of agricultural products more efficient. The main purpose of this study was to identify the requirements of marketing the organic pomegranate of Paveh, Kermanshah Province, Iran, from the perspective of farmers. In order to identify contributing factors, an exploratory factor analysis was used. The population of this study consisted of the pomegranate growers of Paveh (N=2000) and 320 people were selected using the Cochran formula and a proportional stratified sampling method. The main research instrument was a questionnaire that was completed by interview. Validity and reliability were confirmed using the feedbacks of advisors through 0.78 Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The results showed that the requirements were classified in eight factors of motivational improvement such as informing, technical, policy, economic, marketing, infrastructure, management, and social– services and they could explain 87 percent of the organic pomegranate marketing variance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
251 - تاثیر جاده سازی در ذخیره کربن آلی حوزه آبخیز کوهستانی در شمال ایران
کاظم نصرتی سعید جلالیهدف از این مطالعه، بررسی تاثیر جاده سازی در میزان ذخیره کربن در حوزه آبخیز زیارت می­باشد. بر این اساس از 5 کاربری جنگل، مرتع، کشاورزی، جاده و آبراهه نمونه برداری و میزان کربن آلی هر کدام محاسبه شد. نتایج نشان می­دهد جاده سازی عامل کاهش ذخیره کربن آلی بوده و میزا Moreهدف از این مطالعه، بررسی تاثیر جاده سازی در میزان ذخیره کربن در حوزه آبخیز زیارت می­باشد. بر این اساس از 5 کاربری جنگل، مرتع، کشاورزی، جاده و آبراهه نمونه برداری و میزان کربن آلی هر کدام محاسبه شد. نتایج نشان می­دهد جاده سازی عامل کاهش ذخیره کربن آلی بوده و میزان آن تفاوت زیادی در کاربری جنکل و سایر کاربری­ها دارد. میزان ذخیره کربن آلی در کابری­های جنگل، مرتع، کشاورزی، آبراهه و جاده به ترتیب 143، 136، 128، 36 و 29 مگاگرم در هکتار می­باشد. نتایج این مطالعه می­تواند در ترسیب کربن و کاهش گازهای گلخانهای مفید باشد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
252 - Investigating Consumers' Willingness to Pay for Organic Green Chicken in Iran (Case Study: Rasht City)
Mohammad Kavoosi Kalashami Morteza Heydari Houman KazeraniHealth and safety are important factors in today’s life. Most of studies show that consuming the chicken that has anti biotic caused different diseases like digestive vessel cancer. Attention to controlled use of antibiotics can play a key role in society health w MoreHealth and safety are important factors in today’s life. Most of studies show that consuming the chicken that has anti biotic caused different diseases like digestive vessel cancer. Attention to controlled use of antibiotics can play a key role in society health which considered in the production of green chicken. Planning for increasing the production of mentioned chicken needs the investigation of consumers’ WTP. So, using double bound contingent valuation method and logit model, present study estimates consumers’ WTP for green chicken in Rasht city. Among the explanatory variables applied in logit model, income and education level had positive and significant effects on WTP for green chicken. Results revealed that average WTP for a kg of green chicken equals to 37279 Rials, and because this WTP does not compensate the production costs, government protection such as Green subsidy should be considered in order to expand green products consumption in Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
253 - How should Rural Women's Enterprises Be Developed and Promoted?
Reza Movahedi Masoud Samian Khalil Mirzai Adel Esmaili SaloomahallehThis study was a qualitative research which was done by a case study approach. The samples were chosen from rural development experts of Hamedan Province during a snowball sampling process. The data were collected by the semistructured interviews. The data collection wa MoreThis study was a qualitative research which was done by a case study approach. The samples were chosen from rural development experts of Hamedan Province during a snowball sampling process. The data were collected by the semistructured interviews. The data collection was done by faceto- face interviews, after the interview questions guide was determined. The theoretical saturation was attained by interviewing 25 respondents and at this point the interview process was laid off. The qualitative analysis of interviews was done by a content analysis method. The results showed that in order to develop and promote the rural women enterprises not only financial, domestic, managerial, educational and cultural supports are needed but some approaches like culturalization and educational programs are vital too. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
254 - Potential comparison of Kazhdomi and Pabdeh source rocks in Marun oilfield, by S2 vs. TOC standard geochemical diagram
Mohammad mehdi Fajrak Bahram Alizadeh Hormoz Ghalavand Farid Tezheh -
Open Access Article
255 - Design and Modeling of Self-Adapting E-Business Systems using Organic Computing
MohebAli Rahdar mostafa derakhshideThe increasing development of information technology and the formation of the digital economy have made the Internet a successful platform for universal business coverage. Due to the vast scope of the Internet and the increasing complexity of systems, computing and busi MoreThe increasing development of information technology and the formation of the digital economy have made the Internet a successful platform for universal business coverage. Due to the vast scope of the Internet and the increasing complexity of systems, computing and business control as a human mechanism has faced errors and wasted time. The purpose of this study is to solve the complexities of e-business in which human beings have the least involvement. The research method is design and modeling of self-adaptive mechanisms by Eni Logic software. Organic calculations and intelligent agents are used to coordinate the components of e-business to increase efficiency and better interaction, and also to implement self-adaptation of the system under Distributed monitoring / control is used. Statistical community and related data were collected from the virtual store company selling health products, which includes the amount of requests, inventory, storage capacity, production and sales costs. A total of 500 samples were randomly selected from the total product request and the data were analyzed by random sampling method. In this study, e-business was simulated through two scenarios of self-adaptation and non-adaptation by Eni Logic software published by Hewlett-Packard in 2000, and the results were compared in terms of cost. Obtained in another model. The superiority of organic systems over other models is its real-time and autonomous features, which are well demonstrated in this model. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
256 - Synthesis of copper magnetic nanocomposite based on nanofibrillated cellulose and investigation of its catalytic performance in reduction of dyes
Fatemeh Aliramezani Hannaneh HeidariIn this study, nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) was used as a green and biodegradable material for the synthesis of copper magnetic nanocomposites without the addition of an external reducing agent or toxic solvents. Initially, nanofibrillated cellulose was magnetized fo MoreIn this study, nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) was used as a green and biodegradable material for the synthesis of copper magnetic nanocomposites without the addition of an external reducing agent or toxic solvents. Initially, nanofibrillated cellulose was magnetized for easy separation using iron chlorides in ammonia medium, then used as a substrate and reducing agent for the formation of copper nanoparticles. The structure of the nanocomposite was characterized by various spectroscopic techniques including X‐ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and Inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES). The effect of nanocomposite drying methods such as freeze-drying and ambient temperature on catalytic activity was also studied. The results showed that the recyclable magnetic nanocatalyst Fe3O4@NFC/Cu in comparison with other reported catalysts had significant catalytic activity in degradation of three organic dyes (methyl orange, methylene blue, and 4-nitrophenol) with rate constants of 35.1×10-2 s-1 1.48×10-2 s-1 and 5.41×10-2 s-1, respectively. Also, this catalyst was recovered and used 4 times without significant loss of activity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
257 - Determination of losartan using carbon paste electrode modified metal-organic framework MIL-101 by differential pulse voltammetry
Mahzad Firouzi Masoud Giahi Mostafa Najafi Seyed Saied Homami Seyed Husain Hashemi MousaviIn this research, at first, the metal organic framework (MIL-101) was synthesized characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). A highly sensitive electrochemical sensor was fabricated b MoreIn this research, at first, the metal organic framework (MIL-101) was synthesized characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). A highly sensitive electrochemical sensor was fabricated based on MIL-101 (a metal-organic framework) modified carbon paste electrode and used for determination of losartan. The electrochemical behavior of losartan was studied with cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry techniques. The modified electrode exhibited excellent electrocatalytic activity towards the oxidation losartan in phosphate buffer (pH=8). Determination of losartan by differential pulse voltammetry method showed that there are two linear relationships between losartan concentration and anodic peak current in the range of 1 to 10 and 10 to 200 μM with a detection limit of 0.7 µM. The effect of possible interferences on the voltammetric response of losartan was investigated. Finally, the modified electrode was used for determination of losartan in pharmaceutical and biological samples. The results showed the high ability for analysis of this drug in real samples. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
258 - Evaluation of the influence of using reduced graphene oxide (RGO) on improvement of Cu-MOF performance as electrocatalyst for oxygen reduction reaction in fuel cells
mehdi mehrpouya seyed ali mousaviThe main target of this investigation is to synthesis and introduce several non-metallic electro catalysts with desirable performance and suitable price, for oxygen reduction reaction at cathode side. For this purpose, five electrocatalysts including graphene oxide (GO) MoreThe main target of this investigation is to synthesis and introduce several non-metallic electro catalysts with desirable performance and suitable price, for oxygen reduction reaction at cathode side. For this purpose, five electrocatalysts including graphene oxide (GO), nitrogen and sulfur doped graphene oxide (NS-RGO), copper metal organic framework (Cu-MOF), 6% GO-Cu-MOF, and 8% NS-RGO-Cu-MOF are synthesized by hydrothermal method. In continue, in order to investigate the structure, activity, and performance of synthesized electro catalysts, physical and electrochemical tests are employed, and obtained results are compared to the commercial 20% Pt/C. According to the physical tests outcomes, the structure of the synthesized electrocatalysts is uniform, and the layering is correctly performed. As well as, it was found that the size of electrocatalysts is in the range of nanometer. Based on the electrochemical tests, amongst the synthesized electrocatalysts, 8% NS-RGO-Cu-MOF has the best chemical activity. The onset potential of this catalyst is obtained by -0.06 V vs Ag/AgCl. Also, the peak associated with oxygen reduction reaction is shown in -0.08 V, which the current density in this voltage is -4.8 mA/cm2. Besides, the electron transferred number (n) for 8% NS - RGO - Cu- MOF is computed with the value of 3.53, which it indicates the reaction occurred near to the 4 electron pathway. The onset potential of 6% GO-Cu-MOF is gained by -0.11 V vs Ag/AgCl. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
259 - Comparison of measurements of hydrocarbons of oily sludge: Elemental analysis in solid phase or gas chromatography in liquid phase
Yasser Hamidi seyed ahmad ataei Amir SarrafiIt is important to determine the exact amounts of hydrocarbons in the solid organic matter. In this research was conducted on the dredging of oily sludge from kerosene and gasoil reservoirs of Kerman oil depots. For this purpose, firstly, the amount of sludge hydrocarbo MoreIt is important to determine the exact amounts of hydrocarbons in the solid organic matter. In this research was conducted on the dredging of oily sludge from kerosene and gasoil reservoirs of Kerman oil depots. For this purpose, firstly, the amount of sludge hydrocarbons after extraction with organic solvents in the liquid phase was measured by gas chromatography (GC) method. The results were evaluated by CHNS elemental analysis test before and after the separation of sludge hydrocarbons in the solid phase. The results show that different organic solvents (normal hexane, dichloromethane, chloroform, acetone and their combination) in different extraction methods (Soxhlet and Shaker methods) and under different conditions (temperature and number of extraction steps) could not separate the all hydrocarbons from oily sludge. As a result, the amount of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPHs) of real samples reported from dissolution in the liquid phase in most studies is incomplete and their residual value in the solid phase should also be considered. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
260 - Low temperature ethanol vapor sensor based on H-CeO2/Fe nanocomposite:Ultra-sensitive, selective and repeatable performance
elnaz yousefian susan samadi Khadijeh Kalateh mohammad yousefi Ali ParsaIn this paper, hollow-CeO2/Fe (H-CeO2/Fe) nanocomposite was synthesized by hydrothermal assisted sol-gel method and the sensitivity of this gas sensor to ethanol, 2-propanol, and methanol was investigated. The structural properties and morphology of H-CeO2/Fe nanocompos MoreIn this paper, hollow-CeO2/Fe (H-CeO2/Fe) nanocomposite was synthesized by hydrothermal assisted sol-gel method and the sensitivity of this gas sensor to ethanol, 2-propanol, and methanol was investigated. The structural properties and morphology of H-CeO2/Fe nanocomposite were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), BET, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The synthesized sensor sensitivity to ethanol was higher than the other volatile organic compounds at 29 °C and relative humidity (RH) of 45%. The sensitivity, reproducibility, response, and recovery times as performance characteristics and relative standard deviation (RSD), limit of detection (LOD), and determination coefficient were also evaluated. The results showed that the H-CeO2/Fe sensor could be used to quantitative and qualitative analysis of ethanol. The response mechanism of the sensor to ethanol was also discussed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
261 - Preparation of nanocomposites of graphene-metal-organic framework based on bismuth by laser ablation in liquid and investigation of optical properties and antibacterial activities of them
Negar Motakef Kazemi Fereydoon Ataei Davoud DorranianPulsed laser ablation (PLA) was used for the first time to synthesis graphene nanocomposites and bismuth-based metal-organic framework (Bi-MOF) in liquid environment. In this work, Bi-MOF nanostructures were synthesized by laser ablation of bismuth target as a connector MorePulsed laser ablation (PLA) was used for the first time to synthesis graphene nanocomposites and bismuth-based metal-organic framework (Bi-MOF) in liquid environment. In this work, Bi-MOF nanostructures were synthesized by laser ablation of bismuth target as a connector center, benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylic acid (BTC) as a bridging ligand, and methanol (MeOH) and dimethylformamide (DMF) as a solvent. In the first step, three samples of Bi-MOF nanostructures were produced in three different ligand concentrations. Then MOF-graphene nanocomposites were produced by Nd:YAG pulsed laser ablation of graphite target in the three obtained Bi-MOF nanostructures samples. The nanocomposites were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) to study the crystal structure, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy to determine functional groups, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to present the morphology, ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy to evaluate the band gap of the samples. The antibacterial activity of the samples was evaluated against Escherichia coli (E. coli) as Gram-negative bacterium and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) as Gram-positive bacterium. Based on the results, pulsed laser ablation is an environmentally friendly method that is able to produce MOF-graphene nanocomposites in a short period of time, and these nanostructures can be widely used, including in neutralizing harmful bacteria. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
262 - Application of nanoporous metal-organic frameworks as chemical sensors
Bahar Jeyhoon Yeganeh Davoudabadi Farahani Vahid SafarifardWith the growth of the human population, the increasing activities of factories, and subsequently increasing the emission of environmental pollutants in the air, the rapid measurement of these pollutants in different environments is essential more than ever. Sensors bas MoreWith the growth of the human population, the increasing activities of factories, and subsequently increasing the emission of environmental pollutants in the air, the rapid measurement of these pollutants in different environments is essential more than ever. Sensors based on metal-organic frameworks have surpassed other chemical sensors in terms of construction cost, simplicity of the method, short response time, and good reversibility, and have been able to obtain a special place in the detection of toxic and hazardous pollutants. These nanoporous compounds, which are formed by the connection of metal centers and organic ligands through coordination bonding, have gathered the attention of many researchers due to their high chemical and thermal stability. The utilization of different aspects of the new synthetic and structural of this systems has led to a diverse success in the field of chemical and physical properties, many of which are unprecedented. Metal-organic frameworks have shown promising horizon in sensing applications due to having unique properties such as large sizes of cavities, high surface area, selected adsorption of small molecules and optical responses in the presence of guest molecules. In this article, we investigated the principles of the design of organic metal-framework sensors and the sensing mechanisms of these compounds. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
263 - Synthesis and study of the metal-organic frameworks UiO-66-NH2 and HKUST-1 as drug carriers
خلیل طباطبائیان عبدالله فلاح شجاعی شیما یوسف امندانی حسام سلیمانیIn this study, the synthesis of Metal-organic frameworks UiO-66-NH2 and HKUST-1 were performed using the solvothermal method. Then, Acetaminophen, Amoxicillin, and Ibuprofen were loaded in UiO-66-NH2 and Ergotamine, Acetaminophen were loaded in HKUST-1 as pharmaceutical MoreIn this study, the synthesis of Metal-organic frameworks UiO-66-NH2 and HKUST-1 were performed using the solvothermal method. Then, Acetaminophen, Amoxicillin, and Ibuprofen were loaded in UiO-66-NH2 and Ergotamine, Acetaminophen were loaded in HKUST-1 as pharmaceutical models. Subsequently, the performances of these two compounds were evaluated as carrier of these four drugs. Also, the crystalline structures of these nanoparticles were characterized by substrate spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and. thermogravimetric analysis. Finally, UV-vis spectroscopy was used to measure the release of the drugs. The results showed that ibuprofen, acetaminophen, and amoxicillin were loaded in UiO-66-NH2 at 1.2, 0.7 and 0.5 mg, respectively, and their release rates during two days were 25, 28 and 43 %, respectively. Also, ergotamine and acetaminophen loaded in HKUST-1 were observed to be 1.07 and 0.98 mg, respectively, and their release rates were 35 and 43%, respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
264 - Green synthesis of Ag nanoparticels using salvia hydrangea extract and Peach kernel shell as a natural valuable support: Investigation of catalytic activity in reduction of methylene Blue and Rhodamine B
بهار خدادادیIn these research, the green synthesis of Ag nanoparticles )AgNPs( and AgNPs/Peach kernel shell )Ag/ P.K. Shell(, using peach kernel shell as an environmentally benign support and Salvia hydrangea extract as the reducing agent in the absence of any stabilizer or surfact MoreIn these research, the green synthesis of Ag nanoparticles )AgNPs( and AgNPs/Peach kernel shell )Ag/ P.K. Shell(, using peach kernel shell as an environmentally benign support and Salvia hydrangea extract as the reducing agent in the absence of any stabilizer or surfactant is reported. Samples were characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy )FTIR(, UV-Vis spectroscopy, Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy )FE-SEM( equipped with an energy dispersive spectroscopy )EDS(, Elemental mapping, X-ray Diffraction analysis )XRD(, and Transmittance Electron Microscopy )TEM(. These synthesized catalysts were used in the reduction of Methylene Blue )MB( and Rhodamine B )RhB( at room temperature. The Ag/ P.K. shell showed excellent catalytic activity in the reduction of these organic dyes. In addition, it was found that AgNPs/Apricot kernel shell can be recovered and reused several times without significant loss of catalytic activity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
265 - Study of integrated Barbus grypus and Barbus sharpeyi fish and duck farming
A. Mohammad Salehi A. Askary Sary M. VelayatzadehThis study was performed in 2013 with the aim of increasing productivity in Barbus grypus and Barbus sharpeyi breeding, together with culture ducks in a period of 8 months, from April to December, in Hantoushzadeh culture farm, in Dolati village of Dezfoul city in Khuze MoreThis study was performed in 2013 with the aim of increasing productivity in Barbus grypus and Barbus sharpeyi breeding, together with culture ducks in a period of 8 months, from April to December, in Hantoushzadeh culture farm, in Dolati village of Dezfoul city in Khuzestan province. In this study 2 random treatments were designed and every treatment was performed in a pool of 3 hectares. In both treatment and control pools 900 pieces of fish consisting of 450 pieces Barbus grypus and 450 pieces of Barbus sharpeyi (50% Barbus grypus, 50% Barbus sharpeyi) with an average weight of 20.62±8.67 and 21.5±7.77 g. In the treatment pond 1350 ducks of 15 days old of 300±47.56 g were introduced in 3 stages at intervals of beginning of the period and at the second and third months. The average temperature in the treatment and control ponds were 28.68 ± 2.92 °C. The pH in the treatment and control ponds was 8.70±0.68 and 8.61±0.55, respectively. As the weight average of Barbus grypus and Barbus sharpeyiin the treatment pond were 1126.6g and 770g,therefore the average production of the two species, was 506970±255.23g and 346500±486.55g respectively. Considering that in the control pool, the weight averages of Barbus grypus and Barbus sharpeyi were 1050 and 660g respectively, and the production was 472500±138.48g and 297000±172.76g, an increased production is noticed in pond with ducks (treatment pond) (P<0.05). In the treatment pond the initial and final weights of breeding ducks were 300±47.56 and 310±59.38 g, respectively. Considering that the weights of ducks rose to 3100 g, the duck meat production was 4185000 per hectares.In general it can be concluded that integration of fish breeding ponds with duck farming increases fish production and efficiency. There is also an increase in the production of duck meat. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
266 - Improvement of protease production by Chryseobacterium indologenes BYK27 and its application in de-colorization of blood on clothes
Yasamin Binabadi Arastoo Badoei-dalfard Abdolhamid Namaki-ShoushtariProtease is one of the most important industrial enzymes occupying nearly 60% of global enzyme sales. Extracellular protease finds numerous applications in industrial processes like in leather tanning, detergents, dairy, brewery as well as meat tenderization industries. MoreProtease is one of the most important industrial enzymes occupying nearly 60% of global enzyme sales. Extracellular protease finds numerous applications in industrial processes like in leather tanning, detergents, dairy, brewery as well as meat tenderization industries. In spite of that, the low level of enzyme production is the main challenge of industrial production of enzyme. Therefore, optimization of industrial protease production and its application in blood de-staining were the aims of this study. The sewage samples were cultivated on the skim milk agar. BYK27 isolates with the highest clear halo around the colonies were selected for further studies. Optimization of parameters affecting protease production by Chryseobacterium indologenes BYK27 was studied by Taguchi approach. De-staining ability of protease was also investigated by de-colorization of bloody cotton cloth. The optimal factors for protease production by Ch. indologenes BYK27 were found to be the temperature of 40 ˚C, pH of 9.0, 0.06% yeast extract and 1% glucose supplements. Protease production under optimal condition was found to be 590 (U/ml) which was improved by 63%, as compared to the basal medium. The protease activity and stability were increased 50% by beta-mercaptoethanol but inhibited about 88% by DMF. In addition, BYK27 protease was able to completely de-stain blood after 20 min of incubation. The results of this study indicate that BYK27 protease has biotechnological potential, specifically in the detergent industry and provision of valuable compounds. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
267 - Impacts of Land Use Change in Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Stocks (Case Study Shahmirzad Lands, Semnan Province, Iran)
Hamed Kashi Maryam Abdipoor Behrooz Arastoo -
Open Access Article
268 - Vegetation Cover Dynamics in Semi-Steppe Rangelands of Ardabil Province, Iran
Jaber Sharifi Amrali Shahmoradi Ehsan Zandi Esfahan Farzaneh Azimi Motem Allah-Verdi Nouri Dolat Mommadi -
Open Access Article
269 - Soil Organic Carbon Content and Stocks in Relation to Grazing Management in Semi-Arid Grasslands of Kenya
Hillary Rotich Richard Onwonga Judith Mbau Oscar Koech -
Open Access Article
270 - Comparing Soil and Phytomass Carbon Sequestration in Two Land Uses: Rangeland and Cropland (Case Study: Mahallat, Galcheshmeh Region, Iran)
Farhad Derakhshan Nourollah Abdi Hamid Torangzar Abbas Ahmadi -
Open Access Article
271 - Indigenous Rangeland Management Systems on Carbon Sequestration in Semi-arid Areas of Eastern Ethiopia
Ahmed Mohammed Kassa Retta Mekete Tahir Abebe Fereja -
Open Access Article
272 - Estimation of Soil Carbon Sequestration Rate in Steppes (Case Study: Saveh Rudshur Steppes)
M. Mahdavi H. Arzani M. Mesdaghi KH. Mahdavi J. Mahmodi M. Alizadeh -
Open Access Article
273 - Mapping Soil Organic Carbon Using IRS-AWIFS Satellite Imagery (Case Study: Dehaghan Rangeland, Isfahan, IRAN)
Hossein Purghaumi Sayed Jamaledin Khagehedin Reza Jaafari Ali Purghaumi -
Open Access Article
274 - The Effects of Vermicompost and Urea Fertilizers on Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium Uptake in Marshmallow (Altheae officinalis L.) Organs
A. Sadeghi K. Hajmohammadnia S.M. SeiediIn order to investigate the effects of vermicompost and urea chemical fertilizers on nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium uptake in marshmallow (Altheae officinalis L.) organs, a field experiment was conducted at Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Ira MoreIn order to investigate the effects of vermicompost and urea chemical fertilizers on nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium uptake in marshmallow (Altheae officinalis L.) organs, a field experiment was conducted at Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran, in years of 2012. Experiment was conducted using a completely randomized block design based on factorial arrangement with three replications. Experimental treatments were three levels of vermicompost (0, 5 and 10 t. ha-1) and five levels of urea fertilizer (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% of 200 kg N ha-1). Irrespective of urea fertilizer, vermicompost application had an effective role on increasing nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium percentages in seed, leaf and root of marshmallow. By applying 10 t vermicompost ha-1, phosphorus percentage in seed of marshmallow was increased by 29.5 %, as compared to control treatment. Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contents in seed, leaf and root of marshmallow (g. m-2) were significantly increased by vermicompost application. From the results, urea fertilizer caused a significant increase on nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium percentages in seed, leaf and root of marshmallow. According to the results, there was a positive relationship between nitrogen uptake with phosphorus and potassium uptake. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
275 - The Effect of Irrigation and use of organic Fertilizers and Agronomic and Physiological traits millet Varieties (Panucum miliaceum L)
جعفر مسعود سینکی محمدرضا حاتمی قنبر لایی سعید قریب بلوکIn order to evaluate the effect of irrigation and use of organic fertilizers and agronomic and physiological traits millet varieties (split-split plot) in a randomized complete block design with three replications Damghan in 2012-2013. Millet cultivars (Bastan and Pisha MoreIn order to evaluate the effect of irrigation and use of organic fertilizers and agronomic and physiological traits millet varieties (split-split plot) in a randomized complete block design with three replications Damghan in 2012-2013. Millet cultivars (Bastan and Pishahang) were the main factor, no irrigation stress (stages of BBCH55 and BBCH65 and control) were the sub factor and fertilizer level (no fertilizer, farmyard manure 100% and compost 100%) was the sub-sub factor. The results showed that the greatest amount of soluble sugars was 13.62% under the three factor effect of cultivar, no irrigation and fertilizing in Pishahang cultivars with control fertilizing rate and no irrigation at BBCH55 stage. The highest amount of fiber under the three factor effect was 55.44% in Bastan cultivar with farmyard manure 100% and control. The highest protein percentage was in the interaction between cultivar and no irrigation in Pishahang cultivar and no irrigation at BBCH65 stage. Maximum percentage of ash was 8.1648% in Bastan cultivar. The highest dry matter production was 54.14% in the interaction between cultivar and no irrigation in Pishahang cultivar and no irrigation at control stage. According to the results, we can say that both Bastan and Pishahang cultivars have good forage yield and considering their short growing period, they can be used as second crops for forage production. Moreover, severe stress reduces the forage yield and production efficiency. In addition, adding farmyard manure and compost significantly increases the yield in these forage plants. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
276 - Improvement Postharvest Longevity of Alstroemeria (Alstroemeria hybrid) by Sucrose, Honey and Citric Acid
داود هاشم آبادی reyhane mohammadiIn order to investigate on the interaction between sucrose, honey and citric acid on postharvest life of cut Alstroemeria, a factorial experiment based on RCD carried out with 3 replications with 15 treatments. The treatments included of 5 levels of sugar (control, 2 an MoreIn order to investigate on the interaction between sucrose, honey and citric acid on postharvest life of cut Alstroemeria, a factorial experiment based on RCD carried out with 3 replications with 15 treatments. The treatments included of 5 levels of sugar (control, 2 and 4% sucrose, 2 and 4% honey) and citric acid in 3 levels (0, 200 and 400 mg L-1). Honey 2% in 400 mg L-1 citric acid in most traits had better than other treatments and maximum vase life (18.7 days) achieved compared to control (9.84 days). The lowest bacterial solution (3.66 Log 10 CFU ml-1) and lowest MDA (11.30 nmol g-1 FW) were observed in flowers treated with honey 2% in 400 mg L-1 citric acid. Control with 48.72 nl l-1h-1 g-1 F.W. had maximum ethylene, and the 200 and 400 mg L-1 citric acid in without sugar, sucrose 4% in 400 mg L-1 citric acid and honey 4% in without citric acid had lowest ethylene production between treatments, respectively. The results showed that the use of honey (2%) and citric acid (400 mg L-1) reduced the bacterial solution, malondialdehyde and ethylene and delays wilting flowers. So cut flowers treated with these compounds is recommended to maintain vase life of cut alstroemeria. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
277 - Investigation the Effect of Different Fertilizing Levels from Various Sources on Yield, and Grain Quality of Sweet Corn
Mohammad Javad Fereidooni Eisa Maghsoudi Ali Mojabghasroldashti Yaaghoub BehzadiIn order to investigation the effects of different fertilizing levels on qualitative and quantitative yield of sweet corn, an experiment was conducted as randomized complete block design with three replications in 2012 at Marvdasht, Fars province, Iran. Experimental tre MoreIn order to investigation the effects of different fertilizing levels on qualitative and quantitative yield of sweet corn, an experiment was conducted as randomized complete block design with three replications in 2012 at Marvdasht, Fars province, Iran. Experimental treatments were including different fertilizer sources 1) 200 kg ha-1 pure nitrogen, 2) 300 kg ha-1 pure nitrogen, 3) 8 ton ha-1 poultry manure, 4) 24 ton ha-1 solid waste compost, 5) 150 kg pure nitrogen + 2 ton poultry manure per, 6) 100 kg pure nitrogen + 4 ton poultry manure, 7) 150 kg pure nitrogen + 6 ton solid waste compost, 8) 100 kg pure nitrogen + 12 ton solid waste compost and 9) control (non-fertilizer). The results indicated that the effects of different fertilizing levels were significant on grain canned yield, fresh forage, biological, plant height, length and diameter ear as well as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content of grain. The heights grain canned yield (931 grm-2), fresh forage (2376 grm-2) and biological (4554 grm-2) was obtained from 100 kg pure nitrogen + 4 ton poultry manure treatment. Also maximum nitrogen content (2.27 percent) and phosphorus (0.42 percent) was observed at 300 kg ha-1 pure nitrogen and 8 ton ha-1 poultry manure treatment, respectively. The use of organic fertilizer as integrated with chemical fertilizer can be suitable method for decreasing application of chemical fertilizer to increasing the quantity yield and improvement the quality of sweet corn. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
278 - Effect of saline water and chemical fertilizers on nutrient uptake and yield of ajowan (Carum copticum (L.) C. B. Clarke)
madine bizhani parviz yadollahi dehchechme M. Heidari M. Latifi M.R. Asgharipor M. RamroodiIn order to evaluate nutrient uptake and yield of ajowan at saline conditions and application of inorganic and organic fertilizer an experiment was conducted as factorial randomized design with tree replications at Zabol University research greenhouse at 2011. Treatment MoreIn order to evaluate nutrient uptake and yield of ajowan at saline conditions and application of inorganic and organic fertilizer an experiment was conducted as factorial randomized design with tree replications at Zabol University research greenhouse at 2011. Treatments included irrigation salinity at three levels: 1 (as control), 8 and 13 dS.m-1 and four fertilization systems including application of NPK at 80:40:30 kg ha-1, 40 ton of manure ha-1, NPK at 40:20:15 kg ha-1 plus 20 ton of manure ha-1 and no soil fertility. Results showed that the increase of dissolved salts decreases the uptake and concentrations of phosphorus, potassium and magnesium in the seed, however, had no significant effect on calcium concentration in plants. The reduced nutrient uptake in plants decreased 1000 seed weight, seed and essential oil yield and protein content. Although in severe stress conditions essential oil content increased by 12 percent compared to the control. As well as, results reveled that different fertilization systems significantly increased all measured traits except calcium concentration. Combination of organic and inorganic fertilizer was more effective from sole application, and combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizer increased seed yield by 11 percent compared with the control. Therefore it could be combined organic and inorganic fertilizer for improvement of ajowan cultivation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
279 - Evaluation of vermicompost and Nano Iron Fertilizer on yield improvement of grain corn (Zea mays L.)
Arash Roozbahani E. MohammadkhaniIn order to investigate the effect of vermicompost and nano Iron Fertilizer on maximizing yield of grain corn (Zea mays L.) a farm experiment was conducted in a factorial based on completely randomized blocks design in three repetitions in 2013, in Damavand. The first f MoreIn order to investigate the effect of vermicompost and nano Iron Fertilizer on maximizing yield of grain corn (Zea mays L.) a farm experiment was conducted in a factorial based on completely randomized blocks design in three repetitions in 2013, in Damavand. The first factor of vermicompost in two levels including control and applying vermicompost (5 t.ha-1) and the second factor of nano fertilizer of iron levels including control, applying of fertilizer as seed covered, foliar application and seed covered and foliar application. The result showed that except the number of row per silk ,all traits significantly affected by applying Vermicompost and iron nano fertilizer. Means comparison showed that traits such as height of stem, the number of row per silk, the number of seed per row, seed1000 weight, grain yield, biological yield and harvest index significantly increased by applying vermicompost and iron nano-fertilizer. Interaction effects of vermicompost and iron nano fertilizer were significant for stem height, yield. Meaning comparisons showed that application of vermicompost caused to reach the best result for investigated traits with iron nano fertilizer as seed covered and foliar application. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
280 - Effects of different kinds of mulch application on yield and photosynthesis nitrogen and water use efficiency in almond (Prunus amygdalus cv. “Nonpareil”)
MOHAMMAD SAEED TADAYON gholamreza moafpourianAbstract: In this experiment the requisiteness of mulch application on increment of yield and photosynthesis nitrogen and water use efficiency of almond were investigated. Experiment was conducted with five treatment in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with thr MoreAbstract: In this experiment the requisiteness of mulch application on increment of yield and photosynthesis nitrogen and water use efficiency of almond were investigated. Experiment was conducted with five treatment in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replication and four trees per each plot in Dezhcord County in Eghlid region in two years. Experimental treatments consist of - Without mulch (ctrl.) - Inorganic Pamis with 2 cm thickness - Organic almond shredded wood mulch - Glycyrrhiza root waste mulch - Wheat straw mulch, each of them on tree overcast (under tree cover) with 10 cm thickness. The experiment was carried out on 60 uniform fifteen years almond trees. Results showed that the application of different kind of mulch caused an improvement in growth, photosynthesis nitrogen and water use efficiency in almond in rain fed condition. The highest amount of yield belonged to wheat straw mulch. Mulch application caused an increment in stomata conduction, transpiration and photosynthesis water use efficiency. Organic mulch had the best significantly increased the photosynthesis water use efficiency in almond. The highest pure economical profitability belong to wheat straw mulch, almond shredded wood, Glycyrrhiza root waste and inorganic Pamis mulch under tree canopy, respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
281 - Effect of Superabsorbent Combination and Vermicompost on Yield and Yield Components of Chickpea under Dry Land Farming Conditions
Mahnaz Farhadi payam pezeshkpourIn order to study the effects of superabsorbent polymer and vermicompost on yield and yield components of chickpea, an experiment was conducted as factorial based on completely randomized block design with three replications on 2014-2015 cropping year in Alashtar town, MoreIn order to study the effects of superabsorbent polymer and vermicompost on yield and yield components of chickpea, an experiment was conducted as factorial based on completely randomized block design with three replications on 2014-2015 cropping year in Alashtar town, Lorestan, Iran. First factor was superabsorbent polymer at four levels (including control, 100, 200 and 300 kg/ha) and second factor was vermicompost at three levels (including control, 7.5 and 15 ton/ha). According to results, mean comparison showed that highest grain yield (943.6 kg/ha) was associated to third level of superabsorbent (200 kg/ha) and non-application of vermicompost indicating increase compared to control. Based on results, highest grain yield (831.4 kg/ha) was related to third level of superabsorbent representing 20.4 percent increase compared to control. Also, highest grain yield (798.4 kg/ha) observed in 15 ton/ha vermicompost representing 12.3 percent increase compared to control. Application of vermicompost and superabsorbent in wheat at dry farming conditions, caused prominent improvement in growth and growth indices. This positive impact could be attributed to stimulating activity of soil beneficial microbes through vermicompost and its ability to improving macro- and micro-nutrients uptake as well as ability to absorbing and holding water. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
282 - Investigation of the morphological and yield traits of maize (Zea mays L.) hybrids affected by humic acid application
Aboalfazl Shahriary heshmat omidiAbstractIn order to evaluate the effect of humic acid on morphological and yield traits of maize hybrids (704, As72, and DKC), a split plot experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replications was conducted at Research farm of Shahed University l MoreAbstractIn order to evaluate the effect of humic acid on morphological and yield traits of maize hybrids (704, As72, and DKC), a split plot experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replications was conducted at Research farm of Shahed University located in south of Tehran during 2016 and 2017. The studied factors consisted of three maize hybrids (704, As72, and DKC) in the main plots and humic acid in two levels (application and non-application) in the subplots. Results showed the highest number of leaves was found in 704 hybrid (13.6 per plant) and the lowest in the other two hybrids. The highest number of grains per ear was achieved in the application of humic acid under second year of experiment with an average of 802.62 number, which was 16.02% higher than to the non-application treatment. 704 hybrid had the highest 1000-grain weight in the both year of experiment and DKC hybrid in the second year of experiment had the highest 1000-grain weight with an average of 154.7,14.5, and 159.6 g, respectively. The highest grain yield was obtained in DKC hybrid under second year of experiment with an average of 17148.3 kg/ha. The use of humic acid resulted in an increase of 11.93% in the grain yield compared to the control (no application). The highest biological yield was observed in the application and non-application of humic acid in DKC hybrid under second year of experiment with an average of 38088 and 36927 kg/ha, respectively. The Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
283 - Evaluation of the effect of the return of different types of plant residues to soil on the yield of maize
einollah heammi Mohsen Jahan Mehdi Nassiri-Mahallati Rozbeh FarhoudiTo investigate the effects of the residues of pre-cultivated plants on the physical and chemical properties of two types of soils and maize yield in the north of Khuzestan, an experiment was carried out at experimental farm of Shuster Faculty of Agriculture during2014-1 MoreTo investigate the effects of the residues of pre-cultivated plants on the physical and chemical properties of two types of soils and maize yield in the north of Khuzestan, an experiment was carried out at experimental farm of Shuster Faculty of Agriculture during2014-15and2014-15.Two field experiments were performed in two years and two locations in a randomized complete block design data were subjected to combined analysis. The maize was cultivated in fields with these crop residues for two years, and then, soil properties, growth and yield characteristics of maize were studied. Measured values for such traits in sandy Loam soil were greater than clay Loam soil. The residues of pre-cultivated plants including beans, wheat, rapeseed and cabbage caused pH of soil by2%,3%,2% and 2% showed significant reduce compared to, respectively. Using residue of per-cultivated plants resulted in increased aggregate stability, organic matter, soil moisture, organic carbon, total amounts of nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus by50%,49%,40%,33%,22%,24% and70%, respectively, and this increase was remarkable in sandy Loam soil. The results of this study clearly indicated that the use of the crop residues of pre-cultivated plants in field increased growth, yield and yield components, and in this regard, the bean residues were more useful than other plants. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
284 - Effects of different urea and vermicompost rates on yield and essential oil contents of two dill (Anethum graveolens L.) cultivars
nastooh safikhani zohrab adavi cyrus mansourifarUsing organic fertilizers to replace or considerably reduce the use of chemical fertilizers leads to an increase in the quality and performance of the sustainable production of crops. A field experiment based on randomized complete blocks design (RCBD) with three replic MoreUsing organic fertilizers to replace or considerably reduce the use of chemical fertilizers leads to an increase in the quality and performance of the sustainable production of crops. A field experiment based on randomized complete blocks design (RCBD) with three replications was carried out to compare application of vermicompost, urea and their combinations in Agricultural Education and Medicinal Plant Research Center of Isfahan province during 2016. Five levels of fertilizers: control, 100% vermicompost (3429 kg ha-1), 66.6% vermicompost + 33.3% urea (86.86 kg ha-1 urea + 2283.71 kg ha-1 vermicompost), 66.6% urea + 33.3% vermicompost (173.73 kg ha-1 urea + 1141.85 kg ha-1 vermicompost) and 100% urea (260.86 kg ha-1) were used in two cultivars of dill (Varamin and Isfahani). The results indicated that 66.6% and 33.3% urea vermicompost increased the number of umbel (13.6 %), 1000-seed weight (19.3 %), plant dry weight (21.9 %), grain yield (33.4 %), harvest index (18.5%) and essential oil yield (27.5%) compared to the control treatment. Furthermore, the highest percentages of essential oil percentage (0.80%), d-Carvone (91.49%) and linalool (2.61%) were obtained related to 100% vermicompost. Therefore, using integrated chemical fertilizer and organic fertilizer application without significant decline in yield quantity and quality, could be decreased consume chemical fertilizer and its impacts on environment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
285 - Effect of manure and foliar application of humic acid on morphological and physiological traits of wheat
A. Dolatabadi J. Masoud Sinaki H. Abbaspour A. EbadiA factorial experiment was conducted in the region of Majan in Shahrood using the complete randomized blocks design in three replications in the cropping year 2012-2013 to study the effects of applying manure, and of spraying humic acid, on some morphological and physio MoreA factorial experiment was conducted in the region of Majan in Shahrood using the complete randomized blocks design in three replications in the cropping year 2012-2013 to study the effects of applying manure, and of spraying humic acid, on some morphological and physiological characters of the two wheat cultivars of Alvand and Sayonez. There were two levels of manure application: D1 (35 tons per hectare) and D2 (no manure applied), and two levels of humic acid spray: H1 (0.001 liter) and H2 (no humic acid sprayed). Analysis of variance showed that the largest average wet and dry weights of the aerial parts of wheat plants in the humic acid treatments were 0.96 and 0.59 grams, respectively, and that the interaction effects of the cultivar Alvand, humic acid spray, and manure application resulted in plants having the maximum height of 98.16 centimeters. Humic acid spray increased chlorophyll a concentration the most (2.04 milligrams per gram of wet plant weight), while the largest chlorophyll b concentration (0.97 milligram per gram of wet plant weight) belonged to the treatment of the cultivar Alvand sprayed with humic acid. The highest total chlorophyll concentration observed in the treatment of spraying humic acid was 2.91 milligrams per gram of wet plant weight. The treatment of cultivar Alvand and humic acid spray and the treatment of the cultivar Sayonez without humic acid spray, but with manure application, had the largest carotenoid concentration (0.96 milligram per gram of wet plant weight). The results showed that using humic acid and applying manure can have positive effects on wheat seed yield and on some of the cultural characters related to seed yield, and that these effects may result from the physiological effects of spraying humic acid and applying manure. Finally, it is concluded that spraying humic acid and applying manure, besides increasing wheat yield, can play a considerable role in achieving the goals of sustainable agriculture. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
286 - Effects of nanobiological, organic fertilizers and irrigation regims on grain yield of sesame (Sesamum indicum) in Khonj region, Fars province
sadrollah ahmadi alireza baqeri barmak jafari haghighiIn order to study the effects of organic and nanobiologic fertilizers with three intervals of irrigation on seed yield of sesame (Sesamum indicum) a field experiment was conducted in Touredan region of Khonj in 2012. The experimental design was split plot based on Rando MoreIn order to study the effects of organic and nanobiologic fertilizers with three intervals of irrigation on seed yield of sesame (Sesamum indicum) a field experiment was conducted in Touredan region of Khonj in 2012. The experimental design was split plot based on Randomized Complete Blocks Design with three replications. Treatments included: fertilizer treatments with 8 levels (control, manure, compost, manure + compost, nanobiologic, nanobilogic + manure, nanobiologic + compost and nanobiologic + manure + compost) as first factor and irrigation intervals with 3 levels (8, 12 and 16 days) as second factor. Results indicated that irrigation intervals had no significant effects on studied traits such as seed yield, 1000- seed weight, height of main stem and number of capsules. But irrigation intervals influenced shoot dry weight and leaf area significantly. Also fertilizer treatments had significant effects on traits in this experiment. Interaction between fertilizer treatments and irrigation intervals was significant in 0.05 probability level. Also interaction between treatments and different irrigation intervals was significant at 0.05 probability level. In general the effects of fertilizer treatments and irrigation intervals fertilizer treatment (Nano + Compost) with irrigation interval (16 days) was suggested as the best treatment in condition of the experiment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
287 - Efficacy of some Yeast Strains for Preventing Infection of Pistachio with Aspergillus flavus and Aflatoxin
Hadi Golzari Mahdi Pirnia Mohammad Moradi Roohollah Saberi-Rise Seyed Kazem Sabbagh Mojtaba Keykhasaber -
Open Access Article
288 - Study the effect of different concentration of EM1 Baikal Fertilizer on morphological traits, yield characteristics and essential oil content of Moldavian Balm (Dracocephalum moldavica L.)
ali salehi sardoeiBecause of directly and indirectly usage of medicinal plants, organic cultivations of these plants are very important. In order to, study the effect of different concentration of EM Baikal Fertilizer on morphological traits, yield characteristics and essential oil conte MoreBecause of directly and indirectly usage of medicinal plants, organic cultivations of these plants are very important. In order to, study the effect of different concentration of EM Baikal Fertilizer on morphological traits, yield characteristics and essential oil content of Dracocephalum moldavica L. the pot experience was conducted on randomized design whit 5 treatments and 6 replications in freedom place. Treatments were included of different concentration of fertilizer solution (0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 per Litter that 0 as control). The seedling were transplanted to pots at 4 leafy plant stage (about 10 cm height). At 6 leafy plant stage, the treatments used and was continued to the end of the plant life. In each pot, 5 plants kept, and irrigations were two times a week (400 cc) and fertilization was once a week (300 cc). At the end of experiment, at full flowering stage, plant height, inflorescence height, fresh and dry weight of inflorescence and shoot, plant yield, fresh and dry weight of root, essential oil percentage and yield and N, P, K absorption were determined. The results showed significant effect on some measured factors. By increasing of concentration from 0 to 4 gr/l, essential oil content was increased (from 0.5 to 0.77) and more increasing from 4 to 8 gr/l, led to decreasing in essential oil content and the lowest content belong to control treatment. But the most plant yield (16.14 gr/pot) was observed to 2 gr/l treatment. Regarding to absorption of elements, Maximum absorption of Nitrogen (2.56%), Phosphorus (0.013%) and Potassium (0.155%) belong to 2, 4 and 8 gr/l treatments, respectively. In totally, application of 2 gr/l of this organic fertilizer for Dracocephalum moldavica recommend. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
289 - Use of organic manure and nitrogen fertilizers on sunflower (Helianthus annus) in attendance of Egyptian broomrape (Orobanche aegyptiaca)
Farzad Vojoohi Manuchehr Jamnezhad Payam Moaveni This experiment was done to evaluate the effects of organic manure and nitrogenous fertilizers on some yield components of sunflower (Helianthus annus) as host plant and growing factors of broomrape (Orobanche aegyptiaca). The experiment was arr More This experiment was done to evaluate the effects of organic manure and nitrogenous fertilizers on some yield components of sunflower (Helianthus annus) as host plant and growing factors of broomrape (Orobanche aegyptiaca). The experiment was arranged as factorial experiments in randomized complete blocks design with three replications in Shahriar, Iran. First factor was conducted in three levels consisting of: control, cow manure (10% of each pot) and jift (10% of each pot). Second factor carried out in six levels consisting of: control, ammonium sulphate, ammonium phosphate, potassium nitrate, urea, ammonium nitrate .For all kinds of nitrogenous fertilizers (except control) level of pure nitrogen was 3ppm. The results showed that organic soil amendment had a significant effect on yield components of sunflower and the stem number and dry weight of broomrape. Cow manure decreased the dry weight of broomrape and increased dry weight of stem and capitol and seed of sunflower. Jift had decreased stem number and dry weight of broomrape and decreased the dry weight of stem and capitol and seeds of sunflower. Urea decreased the height and fresh weight of broomrape in comparison with other kinds of fertilizers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
290 - Evaluation of quantitative and qualitative yield of maize under conventional, integrated and in conversion to organic production systems
A. Mohageri M. R. Hajseyedhadi A. M. ShahsavarThis investigation was carried out to study the qualitative and quantitative performance of two varieties of forage maize under conventional, integrated and in conversion to organic production systems in summer of 2010 in Pishavar (in Varamin). The experimental design w MoreThis investigation was carried out to study the qualitative and quantitative performance of two varieties of forage maize under conventional, integrated and in conversion to organic production systems in summer of 2010 in Pishavar (in Varamin). The experimental design was split-plot, based on Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. Treatments consisted of production systems (conventional, integrated and in conversion to organic) located in the main plots and two varieties (single cross 704 and single cross 260) arranged in the sub-plot. In conventional production system only chemical inputs were used. For integrated production system, chemical, organic and biologic nutrients were used together. But for organic production system, only biological organic inputs were applied. Results showed that maximum values for dry forage yield, wet forage yield were respectively related to the integrated production systems and the highest plant height obtained from conventional production systems, respectively. The results showed that single cross 704 have maximum values for all measured traits than single cross 260, except for nitrogen content in the leaves. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
291 - Identification of the Mechanism Involved in the Removal Potetial of Textile Pollutants by the Aquatic Plant Lemna gibba L.
Imene Hocini Nabila Khellaf Khaled Benabbas Hayet Djelal Abdeltif Amrane -
Open Access Article
292 - Determination of Alkylphenols and Alkylphenol Ethoxylates in Some of the Textile Wastewater Samples in Dhaka Division, Bangladesh
Md. Shakir Ahmed Md. Rafiquzzaman -
Open Access Article
293 - Evaluation of Air Pollutants Caused by Benzene, Toluene, and Xylene at Kazakhstan Petrochemical Industries Inc. LLP in 2022
Kuanysh Syman Zuhra Muter Saleh Ahmed Hasoon Farah A. Dawood Zinah Salem Awfi Luau Ali Khaleel Bekenova Nazym Omarov Nazarbek Bakytbekovich Aldiyar E. Masalov -
Open Access Article
294 - Sources and Seasonal Variance of Ambient Volatile Organic Compounds in the Oil-Based Chemical Industry from 2020 to 2021: A Case Study of Iraq
Amir Fadhil Al-Tu'ma Enas Abdulgader Hassan Ali Taha Ibrahim Mourad Mohammed Zahraa Muhammed Mahdi Ali Abdul Hassan Rasuol -
Open Access Article
295 - Evaluation of anti-corrosion performance of epoxy ester coating in the presence of a new generation of hybrid pigments based on Echium amoenum extract and zinc acetate
Amirsalar Dehghani Mahdi Tabatabaei, Mahdi Vahid Abouei MehriziThe impact of hybrid organic/inorganic pigments based on the herbal extract of Echium amoenum and zinc acetate on the corrosion protection performance of epoxy ester coating was investigated in this paper. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurement sho MoreThe impact of hybrid organic/inorganic pigments based on the herbal extract of Echium amoenum and zinc acetate on the corrosion protection performance of epoxy ester coating was investigated in this paper. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurement showed that the presence of hybrid pigment can expressively prevent the corrosion of steel in saline solution. The results of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), visible ultraviolet (UV-Vis) spectroscopy and static contact angle proved the formation of chelates and protective complexes in the pigment structure. The inhibition efficiency of 89.3% shows the same point. The low-frequency impedance value of epoxy coating increased in the absence and presence of the hybrid pigment from 344 MΩ cm2 to 6056MΩ cm2. This parameter was calculated after 45 days for the blank coating and the one containing pigment 4.2 MΩ cm2 and 200 MΩ cm2, respectively, which indicates the role of pigment in increasing the barrier performance of the coating. Increasing the overall resistance values equivalent to 16343 Ω.cm2 in the epoxy coating containing pigments with synthetic scratches shows the active inhibitory role of hybrid pigments. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
296 - Enhancing Electrochemical Performance of Super capacitors Electrode Using Nickel-Based Metal-Organic
Marziyeh Azadfalah Arman Sedghi Ali Mehdikhani hadi hosseiniMetal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have been used as electrode materials in supercapacitors (SCs) due to their high specific surface area and suitable porosity size. However, using single-component MOFs in SCs leads to poor electrical conductivity, insufficient stability, MoreMetal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have been used as electrode materials in supercapacitors (SCs) due to their high specific surface area and suitable porosity size. However, using single-component MOFs in SCs leads to poor electrical conductivity, insufficient stability, and poor mechanical properties, and thwarts the effect of high capacity and efficient performance. In this paper, to improve the electron transfer rate and take advantage of the specific surface of MOFs, nickel-based metal-organic framework/graphene nanocomposites were prepared by hydrothermal in-situ synthesis, and to prevent agglomeration, graphene (0, 2.5, 5, and 10wt%) was added during the synthesis process. To characterize the structure of the nanocomposites, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) were used. To study the supercapacitor behavior, electrochemical tests, such as cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance, and repeatability behavior were used. The electrode prepared by the nickel-based MOFs in the 6M KOH electrolyte had a specific capacity of 660 F/g, while their composite with graphene had a specific capacity of 1017 F/g. As a result, benefiting from composite properties and increasing electrical conductivity of MOFs with graphene resulted in greater porosity availability and increased total storage capacity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
297 - Evaluation of Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory and Antibacterial P with Anbernesara Smoke Extract
Roya Mahdizadeh Mohsen Firoozrai Masoud Homayouni Tabrizi Seyed Javad HoseiniThe aim of this study is to synthesize and investigate the anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-bacterial effects of polylactic acid (PLGA) nanoparticles containing the extract of Anbernesara smoke. For this purpose, Anbernesara smoke was extracted and encapsulated MoreThe aim of this study is to synthesize and investigate the anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-bacterial effects of polylactic acid (PLGA) nanoparticles containing the extract of Anbernesara smoke. For this purpose, Anbernesara smoke was extracted and encapsulated by PLGA nanoparticles using the W1/O/W2 method and characterized by DLS, zeta potential, FESEM and FTIR electron microscope techniques. The antioxidant activity of the synthesized nanoparticles using ABTS and FRAP tests, as well as measuring the expression levels of the antioxidant genes catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and the expression of interleukin 6 (IL-6) and interleukin 10 (IL- 10) was also analyzed to determine the anti-inflammatory potential of nanoparticles by Real time PCR test. The antibacterial activity of the synthesized nanoparticles was evaluated on two bacterial strains Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis. The results showed the formation of spherical nanoparticles with an average size of 51.2 nm, dispersion index of 0.22, surface’s charge of -35.37 mV and encapsulation efficiency of 74%. The antioxidant properties of synthesized PLGA nanoparticles were confirmed by reducing Fe+3, inhibiting the formation of free radicals and increasing the expression level of CAT and SOD genes. The expression levels of IL-6 and IL-10 genes were also increased under the influence of PLGA nanoparticles loaded with the organic extract of Anbernesara smoke, indicating the anti-inflammatory properties of the proposed nanoparticles. PLGA nanoparticles loaded with the organic extract of Anbernesara smoke had an antibacterial effect on B. subtilis, but not on E. coli. The PLGA nanoparticles loaded with the organic extract of Anbernesara smoke have anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory properties and can be considered as a combination with antibacterial potential. . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
298 - The Effect of Different Dietary Zinc Sources on the Egg Production, Sex Hormone Concentration and Blood Zinc Serum of Broiler Breeders
Mehdi Jafari Mehrdad Irani Vahid RezaeipourThis study was conducted to evaluate the effect of different dietary zinc sources on the egg production, sex hormone concentration and blood zinc serum of broiler breeders of Ross strain 308. Two hundred birds in 4 treatments and 5 replications and 10 birds in each expe MoreThis study was conducted to evaluate the effect of different dietary zinc sources on the egg production, sex hormone concentration and blood zinc serum of broiler breeders of Ross strain 308. Two hundred birds in 4 treatments and 5 replications and 10 birds in each experimental unit at the age of 45 weeks were tested in a completely randomized design. Experimental groups included: 1-Birds fed the basal diet without any addition of zinc, 2- Birds fed diet supplemented by 110 mg Zn (sulfate)/kg of diet, 3- Birds fed diet supplemented by 110 mg Zn (organic)/kg of diet and 4-Birds fed diet supplemented with 110 mg Zn (hydroxide)/kg of diet. In this study, egg production traits as well as zinc serum, estrogen and progesterone concentrations of experimental birds were measured at 32 and 45 weeks of the experiment. The results of egg production showed that there was a significant difference between experimental treatments (p <0.05). The highest and lowest number of eggs produced were in treatment containing organic zinc and control treatment, respectively. Zinc serum concentrations at 32 and 45 weeks of the experiment were significantly different between experimental treatments (p <0.05). The highest and lowest zinc serum concentrations were in treatment containing organic zinc and control treatment, respectively. No significant difference was observed in serum concentrations in the blood of broiler breeders. The results of serum estrogen and progesterone concentrations showed that there was a significant difference between experimental treatments (p <0.05). The highest and lowest concentrations of sex hormones were in the treatment containing organic zinc and the control treatment, respectively. The overall results of the study showed that the use of organic zinc supplementation in broiler breeders’ diet significantly increased zinc serum levels as well as sex hormones. Also, organic zinc supplementation significantly improved egg production among the studied birds. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
299 - Organic compound removal from textile wastewater by photocatalytic and sonocatalytic processes in the presence of copper oxide nanoparticles
Reza Fekri Seyed-Ahmad Mirbagheri ebrahim fataei Gholamreza Ebrahimzadeh-Rajaei Lobat Taghavi -
Open Access Article
300 - Effect of Organic and Inorganic Sources of Nitrogen on Maize Yield,N Uptake and Soil Fertility
Adnan khan Syed Azam Shah Haroon Haroon Ibadullah Ibadullah Imran Azeem Kashif Khan Imran Khan Sajid alimineral and organic N sources (farmyard manure) on maize yield, N uptake and soil fertility was assisted in the field experiment carriedout on silty clay loam soil at new developmental farm of the university of agriculture, Peshawar Pakistanduring 2014. Combined dose of Moremineral and organic N sources (farmyard manure) on maize yield, N uptake and soil fertility was assisted in the field experiment carriedout on silty clay loam soil at new developmental farm of the university of agriculture, Peshawar Pakistanduring 2014. Combined dose of N provided from all sources was applied @150 kg ha-1. There were four replications and 6 treatmentsi.e., (T1) control, (T2) 150 kg N ha-1 from mineral source, (T3) 150 kg ha-1 from FYM, (T4) 25% FYM + 75% mineral N, (T5) 50% FYM + 50% N and (T6) 75% FYM + 25% mineral N. Maize variety (Azam) was sown in RCB design. Data on plant height, grain yield and stover yield were recorded in maize. Samples of grain and stover were analyzed for total N to determine its uptake by the crop. Results indicated that greatest plant height of 221.85 cm, maximum grain yield of 2046.12 kg ha-1 and straw yield of 7004.73kg ha-1 were obtained from treatment where 25% N was applied from farm yard manure and 75% from mineral fertilizer.Agronomic efficiency and nitrogen use efficiency were also found higher in the treatmentwhere 25% N were applied from farm yard manure and 75% from mineral fertilizer. Soil total N, organic matter and available P were significantly affected by the . It was concluded that combination of organic and mineral N sources in ratio 25:75 are the best combination to achieve sustainable yield and soil fertility. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
301 - Identify obstacles of production organic products from farmers¢ point of view in Qazvin province
Fatemeh Moeinzadeh Farhad Lashgarara Maryam Omidi NajafabadiIn recent years the development of technology and the increasing use of additives, Pesticides and antibiotics in food production and storage, and undeniably adverse effects on human health as well as concerns about the safety of crops and livestock in all parts of the w MoreIn recent years the development of technology and the increasing use of additives, Pesticides and antibiotics in food production and storage, and undeniably adverse effects on human health as well as concerns about the safety of crops and livestock in all parts of the world has been increasing and forbore disease threat a major threat to human health myshvd. Taknvn different strategies for solving agricultural issues raised is common, such as farming can be cited. This research method is based on the purpose, the process of executing a little research, the deductive logic of the study, in terms of longitudinal retrospective study, based on exploratory factor analysis was used. The study population included all organic farmers Qazvin province is that due to the limited population (n = 173), the census is. A questionnaire was used to obtain the data required by the supervisor and advisor to verify the validity and reliability using Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.76 was calculated. For data analysis software SPSS16 used. The results from an agricultural perspective the variables included 5 factors in the barriers, improve motivation and notification, service-financial, social, environmental, educational support and service-support. This 5% variance of about 66/363 barriers organic products cannot justify. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
302 - Effect of organic and chemical fertilizers on quantitative and qualitative oil and Grain yield in Camelina sativa L. as a medicinal plant
firouzeh Khalatbari Mokaram hamidreza Chaghazardi danial Kahrizi hossain Rostami AhmadvandiThe use of organic fertilizers is very important in sustainable agriculture. Accordingly, this experiment was conducted to evaluate the Camelina sativa (DH1025 line) plant response to chemical and organic (sheep and cattle manure) fertilizers. And their impact on quanti MoreThe use of organic fertilizers is very important in sustainable agriculture. Accordingly, this experiment was conducted to evaluate the Camelina sativa (DH1025 line) plant response to chemical and organic (sheep and cattle manure) fertilizers. And their impact on quantitative and qualitative yields. The experiment was carried out based on a complete randomized design with 5 replications in fall 2016 in the village of Zalkah, Mahedasht, Kermanshah Province, Iran. The experiment was carried out in 4 treatments including: control (without fertilizer), full fertilizer (150 kg ha-1), sheep and cow manure (both 50 tons per hectare). In this research, quantitative and qualitative yields and biochemical traits were evaluated. The results of data analysis showed that the use of cow manure had a significant effect on grain yield. There was a significant difference between fertilizer treatments on fatty acids. The cow manure indicated the highest effect palmitic acid, oleic, linoleic and arachidic acid which was 1.8%, 8%, 0.81%,6/6% respectively. The cow manure fertilizer showed the lowest effect on stearic acid( 4.57% lower than the control). Also, cow manure treatment reduced the amount of Erusic acid to 12.93% lower than the control, which is a significant nutritional result. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
303 - Exploring the Interaction of Oligonucleotides with Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube as industrial bio-catalysis: A Molecular Dynamics Simulation Study
Mohammad Reza Bozorgmehr Maryam Ghanbari-Ghanbarlo Ali MorsaliIn this research, the interaction of four single stranded nucleic acid homopolymers including hemo deca adenine, dA10, hemo deca thymine, dT10, hemo deca guanine, dG10 and hemo deca cytosine, dC10, with single-walled carbon nanotubes was studied by molecular dynamics si MoreIn this research, the interaction of four single stranded nucleic acid homopolymers including hemo deca adenine, dA10, hemo deca thymine, dT10, hemo deca guanine, dG10 and hemo deca cytosine, dC10, with single-walled carbon nanotubes was studied by molecular dynamics simulation method. The simulations were performed using Gromacs software and Amber force field, with a simulation time of 250 nanoseconds and 2 femtosecond time step. The root mean square deviation (RMSD) values were calculated to validate the simulations, indicating that the systems reached equilibrium. The distance between the center of mass of the homo deca polymers and the surface of the carbon nanotube was also calculated, and the results showed that the interaction of monocyclic organic bases with the nanotubes was higher due to less steric hindrance with the phosphate group. The results suggest that monocyclic organic bases may be more suitable for interactions with carbon nanotubes due to their lower steric hindrance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
304 - Effect of organic and chemical fertilizers on quantitative characteristics of intercropping Corn and grass pea
Mohammad Shahbagi Use to biofertilizer is one of the base of sustainable agriculture. This experiment factorial in a randomized complete block design with three replications in 2013 and 2014 Qazvin Province two years done. Treatments of cultivation :1- pure corn,2- intercropping of More Use to biofertilizer is one of the base of sustainable agriculture. This experiment factorial in a randomized complete block design with three replications in 2013 and 2014 Qazvin Province two years done. Treatments of cultivation :1- pure corn,2- intercropping of maize and increasing of 25% grass pea ,3-intercropping of maize and an increasing of 50% grass pea, 4-pure grass pea, Treatments of fertilizer: 1-chemical,2- cow manure (base) chicken fertilizer top dress,3- cow manure (base) and chemical top dress,4-cow manure (base) and chemical top dress and chemical spraying, in recent three treatment Along with corn and grass pea seed inoculation with Azotobacter and mycorrhiza were location of cultivation. The results indicated that the interaction of fertilizer and cultivation levels, maximum corn grain yield with an average 9790/27 kg/ ha of 50% spraying livestock chemical corn grasspea and the highest corn forage yield with an average of 84230/16 kg /ha of treated corn ,Grass pea 50% of animal chemical, the highest grain yield of 1400 kg /ha and forage 46020 kg /ha of pure grass pea chemical manure, respectively.The result of this research showed that in order to decrease of use to chemical fertilizer and increase the health , The combination of manure and chemical fertilizers and intercropping is recommended. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
305 - Identification of Volatile Compounds Originating from Secondary Contamination and Packaging Materials in UF and White Brine Cheeses
Narges Sabouri Yadollah Yamini .M. R Ehsani bakhoda hosseinBackground: Identification of volatile contaminants migrating from packaging aids quality evaluation of packaged foods. Soft cheeses can undergo such migration-based contamination on storage. Methods: White brine and ultrafiltrated (UF) cheeses in packages were stored MoreBackground: Identification of volatile contaminants migrating from packaging aids quality evaluation of packaged foods. Soft cheeses can undergo such migration-based contamination on storage. Methods: White brine and ultrafiltrated (UF) cheeses in packages were stored for 90 days at 4 degrees Celsius (°C). Headspace-solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME) using polysulfone and mesoporous carbon nitride (MCN/Polysulfone) fiber coupled to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to extract and analyze volatile compounds. Migration-based contaminants exclusively present in stored versus fresh cheeses were identified through National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) library matching. Results: In total 23 unwanted volatile contaminants originating from contamination/packaging were identified, including 19 compounds in white brine` cheese (phthalates, benzenecarboxylic acids, etc.) and 13 compounds in UF cheese (phthalates, benzenecarboxylic acids, triazenes, oximes, etc.). More migrants were observed in white brine cheese. Compounds also differed based on SPME extraction method. Conclusion: Prolonged storage induced migration of volatile contaminants from probable packaging sources into soft cheeses. Future research should focus on refining volatile organic compound (VOC)-based detection methods to enhance early identification of spoilage and pathogenic microorganisms in cheese production. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
306 - The Effect of Combined Application of Biological, Organic and Chemical Fertilizers on Growth Responses and Quality of Several Potato Cultivars (Solanum tuberosum) in Northern Khuzestan Province
mansour timar Shahram Lack Alireza Shokuhfar Naser Zarifinia mojtaba alavifazelIn order to investigate the effect of nutrition management of different potato cultivars, on the quantitative and qualitative traits and nutrients content in the potato tuber, an experiment was conducted in Safi Abad Agricultural Research Center of Dezful as split plot MoreIn order to investigate the effect of nutrition management of different potato cultivars, on the quantitative and qualitative traits and nutrients content in the potato tuber, an experiment was conducted in Safi Abad Agricultural Research Center of Dezful as split plot based on completely randomized block design with three replications during two cropping years 2016-2017. The studied treatments are nutrition at three levels (application of urea, triple superphosphate and potassium sulfate fertilizers (180, 150 and 100 kg.ha-1, respectively), nutrition with humic acid organic fertilizer and phosphorus Barvar-2 (1kg and 100 g.ha-1, respectively) and combined nutrition treatment with chemical fertilizers + humic acid+ phosphorus Barvar-2) in main plots and potato cultivars (Sante, Arinda and Savalan) in sub plots. The results showed that chemical fertilizer treatments had a higher percentage of dry matter than other nutritional treatments and nutritional treatment with chemical fertilizer+ humic acid+Barvar-2 was in the next rank. Also, findings showed that Sante cultivar in the second year with application of chemical fertilizer had higher percentage of dry matter than other treatments by 27.69 percent followed by Savalan cultivar was in the same nutrition treatment in the second year of cultivation 26.47 percent dry matter. Based on the results of mean comparison, the nitrogen content of potato in the second year increased significantly compared to the first year and the highest nitrogen content was observed in the studied treatments in the second year of the study. The highest amount of phosphorus was the humic acid+ Barvar-2 treatment in the second year by 3.31 mg. g-1 in Arinda cultivar. Generally, humic acid treatments were better than other nutritional treatments in terms of phosphorus levels. Also, according to the qualitative traits, the lowest levels of solanine toxin were obtained in the first and second year in Savalan cultivar, by 546.4 and 632. 2μg.g-1 dry matter respectively. In chemical fertilizer nutrition treatments, Arinda cultivar had the lowest amount of solanine toxin in both years of research. Overall, the results of this study showed that Savalan cultivar had better performance than other cultivars and in general, the application of phosphorus Barvar-2 and humic acid improved the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of potatoes in the northern Khuzestan climatic conditions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
307 - Fabrication and Evaluation of Morphological, Structural and Biocompatibility Properties of Chitosan Nanofibrous Scaffolds Coated with ZIF-8 Metal-organic Framework for Application in Wound Dressing
Mahdi HasanzadehIn this study, chitosan-based nanofibrous scaffold was produced for application in wound dressing by electrospinning method. Then, the zinc-based metal-organic framework (ZIF-8) was in situ synthesized method on nanofibrous scaffold. The effect of growth time of ZIF-8 c MoreIn this study, chitosan-based nanofibrous scaffold was produced for application in wound dressing by electrospinning method. Then, the zinc-based metal-organic framework (ZIF-8) was in situ synthesized method on nanofibrous scaffold. The effect of growth time of ZIF-8 crystals on chitosan nanofibrous scaffolds was studied in order to achieve a uniform and continuous coating. The morphology and structure of the produced scaffolds were evaluated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). In order to evaluate the potential of fabricated scaffolds in wound dressing, surface wettability, antibacterial activity, biocompatibility and cell viability were also investigated. The electron microscope images showed that after 30 minutes, ZIF-8 nanoparticles grew with a relatively uniform distribution with an average size of 80 nm on the chitosan scaffold. The results showed that the scaffolds were biocompatible after 24 hours of cell culture and also had antibacterial properties against Gram-negative and Gram-positive Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, respectively. Due to the appropriate structural and morphological properties as well as the appropriate biocompatibility and antibacterial performance of the nanofibrous scaffold coated with a metal-organic framework, it can be used as a suitable candidate in wound dressing applications. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
308 - Synthesized of mixed-metal MOF comprising two ligands used as a heterogeneous catalyst for Knoevenagel condensation reacti
علیرضا عباسی Saeideh Tavakoli Mohammad Yousefi Moayad HosainisadrA new mixed metal–organic framework [Zn0.5 Cd0.5 (NH2BDC) (4-bpmbp)].2DMF (NH2BDC = 2-amino terephthalate; 4-bpmbp = N4, N4'-bis (pyridine-4-ylmethylene)-biphenyl-4,4'- diamine DMF = N,N-dimethylformamide) (Zn-Cd-MOF) has been synthesized under solvothermal condition MoreA new mixed metal–organic framework [Zn0.5 Cd0.5 (NH2BDC) (4-bpmbp)].2DMF (NH2BDC = 2-amino terephthalate; 4-bpmbp = N4, N4'-bis (pyridine-4-ylmethylene)-biphenyl-4,4'- diamine DMF = N,N-dimethylformamide) (Zn-Cd-MOF) has been synthesized under solvothermal conditions using Cd2+ and Zn2+ salt, NH2BDC as a rigid ligand and 4-bpmbp as pillar ligand. The material was characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), powder Xray diffraction (PXRD), and inductively coupled plasma (ICP) techniques. Furthermore, the catalytic behavior of Zn-Cd-MOF toward the Knoevenagel condensation reaction was investigated and good catalytic capability was achieved Manuscript profile
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