The effect of Delijan reclaimed wastewater and well water on soil carbon sequestration and growth of hard wood trees
Subject Areas :
natural resorces
Zia Azdoo
1
,
fatemeh Ahmadloo
2
,
gholamreza Goodarzi
3
,
Ali Farmahini Farahani
4
,
Hashem Keneshlo
5
1 - Research Expert, Research Division of Natural Resources, Markazi Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Arak, Iran.
2 - Assistant Prof., Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran. *(Corresponding Authors)
3 - Assistant Prof., Research Division of Natural Resources, Markazi Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Arak, Iran.
4 - Senior Research Expert, Research Division of Natural Resources, Markazi Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Arak, Iran.
5 - Assistant Prof., Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran.
Received: 2018-06-25
Accepted : 2018-12-19
Published : 2022-03-21
Keywords:
Delijan,
Percentage of survival,
Soil organic carbon sequestration,
Soil depth,
Hard wood trees,
Abstract :
Background & Objective: The reclaimed wastewater can be used as tool for compensation of water scarcity and control and reduce harvesting from deep and semi deep wells. Investigation on the effect of irrigation with Delijan reclaimed wastewater and well water for 5 years on soil carbon sequestration and growth of 7 hard woods trees species was the purpose of this study.Method: In the present study, seedlings were cultivated after ground preparing as a group at 3 × 3 m. spacing based on a randomized complete block design with three replications in March 2011. For determination of the effect irrigation type on soil carbon sequestration, in the fifth year, soil sampling was taken by drilling at soil five profiles from tree consecutive depths (0-30, 30-60 and 60-90 cm) under the crown of the trees. In evaluating the growth of hardwood tree species at the end of the fifth year, characteristics of height, collar diameter, canopy diameter, canopy cover area, percentage of survival and percentage of vitality were measured.Findings: The results of the study on the amount of soil carbon sequestration in different depths showed that irrigation with reclaimed wastewater increased the organic carbon content of the soil, which it’s the highest content is in the depth of 60-90 cm of soil. Among the species planted, in irrigation with well water, the highest height was in species of Ailanthus altissima and collar diameter, canopy diameter, canopy cover area, and percentage of vitality were in species of Melia azedarach. In irrigation with reclaimed wastewater, there were the highest height in species of Robinia pseudoacacia, diameter of collar in species of Elaeagnus angustifolia, canopy cover diameter and canopy cover area in species of M. azedarach and vitality in two species of M. azedarach and Celtis australis. There were the lowest percentage of survival in species of Acer negundo in both of irrigation system.Discussion and Conclusions: The main effect of irrigation type did not show significant statistical difference. Species of A. negundo was more susceptible to water supply and soil conditions and was not suitable for planting in this area. Species of M. azedarach is the most consistent in the present study.
References:
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Stewart, H.T.L., Flinn, D.W., 1984. Establishment and early growth of trees irrigated with wastewater at four sites in Victoria, Australia. Forest Ecology and Management, Vol. 8, pp. 243-256.
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Keneshloo, H., 2004. Effects of pruning intensity on vitality of Pinus eldarica plantation at west Tehran. Iranian Journal of Forest and Poplar Research, Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 111-140. (In Persian)
Mahida, N.U., 1981. Water pollution and disposal of wastewater on land. New Delhi, Tata McGraw-Hill.
Shi, X.Z., Wang, H.J., Yu, D.S., David., W., Cheng, X.F., Pan, X.Z., Sun, W.X., Chen, J.M., 2009. Potential for soil carbon sequestration of eroded areas in subtropical China. Soil & Tillage Research, Vol. 105, No. 2, pp. 322-327.
Varamesh, S., Hosseini, S.M., Sefidi, k., 2015. Assessment of carbon sequestration content in biomass, Robinia pseudoacacia and Cupressus arizonica stands around Tehran. Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, Vol. 16, pp. 343-352. (In Persian(
Wani, S.P., Girish, C.h., Sahrawat, K.L., Srinivasa Rao, Ch., Raghvendra, G., Susanna, P., Pavani, M., 2012. Carbon sequestration and land rehabilitation through Jatropha curcas (L.) plantation in degraded lands, Agriculture. Ecosystems & Environment, Vol. 161, pp. 112-120.
Keller, C., Grath, S.P.Mc., Dunham, S.J., 2002. Trace metal leaching through a soil grassland system after sewage sludge application. Journal of Environmental Quality, Vol. 31, pp. 1550-1560.
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Salehi, A., Tabari, M., Mohammadi, J., Aliarb, A., 2008. Effect of irrigation with municipal effluent on soil and growth of Pinus eldarica Medw. trees. Iranian Journal of Forest and Poplar Research, Vol. 16, No. 2, pp. 186-196. (In Persian)
Laclau. P., 2003. Biomass and carbon sequestration of ponderosa pine plantations and native cypress forests in Northwest Patagonia. Forest Ecology and Management, Vol. 180, No. 1-3, pp. 317-333.
Harrison, K.G., Broecker, W.S., Bonani, G., 1993. The effect of changing land use on soil radio carbon. Science, Vol. 262, pp.725-726.
Jackson, R.B., Banner, J.L., Jobbagy, E.G., Pockman, W.T., Wall, D.H., 2002. Ecosystem carbon loss with woody plant invasion of grasslands. Nature, Vol. 418, pp. 1-7.
Stewart, H.T.L., Flinn, D.W., 1984. Establishment and early growth of trees irrigated with wastewater at four sites in Victoria, Australia. Forest Ecology and Management, Vol. 8, pp. 243-256.
Phillips, R., Fisher, J.T., Mexal, J.G., 1986. Fuelwood production utilizing Pinus eldarica and sewage sludge fertilizer. Forest Ecology and Management, Vol. 16, pp. 95-102.
Hopmans, P., Stewart, H.T.L., Flinn, D.W., Hillman, T.J., 1990. Growth biomass production and nutrient accumulation by seven tree species irrigated with municipal effluent at Wodonga Australia. Forest Ecology and Management, Vol. 30, pp. 203-211.
Singh, G., Bahati, M., 2003. Growth and mineral accumulation in Eucalyptus camaldulensis seedlings irrigated with mixed industrial effluents. Bioresource Technology, Vol. 88, pp. 221-228.
Sing, G., Bhati, M., 2004. Soil and plant mineral composition and productivity of Acacia nilotica (L.) under irrigation with municipal effluent in an arid environment. Environmental Conservation, Vol. 31, pp. 331-338.
Rad, M.h., Sardabi, H., Soltani, M., Ghelmani, S.V., 2014. Compatibility of different Eucalyptus species and provenances under sewage irrigation using Yazd city wastewater treatment plant effluent. Journal of Water and Wastewater, Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 85-94. (In Persian)
Keneshloo, H., 2004. Effects of pruning intensity on vitality of Pinus eldarica plantation at west Tehran. Iranian Journal of Forest and Poplar Research, Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 111-140. (In Persian)
Mahida, N.U., 1981. Water pollution and disposal of wastewater on land. New Delhi, Tata McGraw-Hill.
Shi, X.Z., Wang, H.J., Yu, D.S., David., W., Cheng, X.F., Pan, X.Z., Sun, W.X., Chen, J.M., 2009. Potential for soil carbon sequestration of eroded areas in subtropical China. Soil & Tillage Research, Vol. 105, No. 2, pp. 322-327.
Varamesh, S., Hosseini, S.M., Sefidi, k., 2015. Assessment of carbon sequestration content in biomass, Robinia pseudoacacia and Cupressus arizonica stands around Tehran. Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, Vol. 16, pp. 343-352. (In Persian(
Wani, S.P., Girish, C.h., Sahrawat, K.L., Srinivasa Rao, Ch., Raghvendra, G., Susanna, P., Pavani, M., 2012. Carbon sequestration and land rehabilitation through Jatropha curcas (L.) plantation in degraded lands, Agriculture. Ecosystems & Environment, Vol. 161, pp. 112-120.
Keller, C., Grath, S.P.Mc., Dunham, S.J., 2002. Trace metal leaching through a soil grassland system after sewage sludge application. Journal of Environmental Quality, Vol. 31, pp. 1550-1560.