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Open Access Article
1 - Assessment and Identification of Tolerant Genotypes of Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) to Salinity Stress in Germination and Seedling Stages under Laboratory Condition
Khodadad MostafaviTolerance increasing to salt stress is essential need for sustainable safflower production in areas with risk of salinity. This requires new genetic sources of salt tolerant and more efficient techniques for identifying salt-tolerant germplasm. This study was conducted MoreTolerance increasing to salt stress is essential need for sustainable safflower production in areas with risk of salinity. This requires new genetic sources of salt tolerant and more efficient techniques for identifying salt-tolerant germplasm. This study was conducted to access salt tolerance in primary growth stages of six safflower genotypes and finds the most beneficial salt tolerance traits in this stage. Investigation traits were germination percentage, germination speed, root length, shoot length, seedling length, seed vigor, seedling index, germination speed index and germination mean. An experiment with factorial arrangement was conducted by using a completely randomized design (CRD) with three replications in Biotechnology laboratory Islamic Azad University- Karaj Branch. Genotypes of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) including KM5, KM8, KM12, KM19, KM47 and Kouse with five concentrations of NaCl (0, -0.3, -0.5, -1 and -1.5 ds/m) were treated. Analysis of variance showed that there were significant differences between genotypes, stress levels and their interaction. According to the fitted logistic model, the NaCl concentration level required for 50% reduction of seed vigor was -2 dS/m. Cluster analysis according Ward’s method, classified genotypes into three different groups. According to the results of this research, Kose was resistant cultivar at germination stage and early seedling growth. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Increased germination and growth rates of pea and Zucchini seed by FSG plasma
Shohreh Khatami Arash Ahmadinia -
Open Access Article
3 - Investigation of the magnetic field effects on germination growth and peroxidase enzyme activity in Black locust seeds
Seyed yousef Torabian Vahid Hemmati Seyed Armin HashemiThis research was conducted with the aim of finding the magnetic field effect on changes in peroxidase enzyme activity, germination percentage, stem length and root growth of black locust seeds. The seed cultivation was done in 3 treatments (control, 4 millitesla and 8 MoreThis research was conducted with the aim of finding the magnetic field effect on changes in peroxidase enzyme activity, germination percentage, stem length and root growth of black locust seeds. The seed cultivation was done in 3 treatments (control, 4 millitesla and 8 millitesla) with 3 replications. 100 seeds were planted in each of the treatment containers, the sprouts were placed in the magnetic field for fifteen minutes in ten days and then the sprouts were counted. The rate of growth of root and stem was measured by a ruler and after that extraction was done. The obtained extract was placed in a centrifuge device and the peroxidase enzyme activity was calculated by a spectrophotometer in the light spectrum of 420 nm. LSD test was used to analyze the data. The results showed that there was a significant difference between the samples affected by the magnetic field regarding all four factors (percentage of germination, root and stem lengths (cm) and the enzyme activity level) with the control sample (p<0 /05). This confirmed that the buds created under the influence of the magnetic field had a higher physiological capacity. However, no significant difference was observed between the magnetic field of 4 and 8 millitesla (p>0.05). It is recommended for the germination of black locust species, which is one of the resistant and very important species in terms of physiological ability to create a green space, a magnetic field of 4 millitesla should be used. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - The effect of different levels of salinity on germination and growth indices of two cultivars of Quinoa
Saber jamali Hossein sharifan Aboutaleb hezarjaribi Niaz Ali sepahvandIn the present study, the effect of different levels of salinity on germination and growth indices Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) in two types of cultivars Sajama and Titicaca under 5 salinity levels (0, 15, 30, 45 and 60 percent of the mixing sea water and tap wate MoreIn the present study, the effect of different levels of salinity on germination and growth indices Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) in two types of cultivars Sajama and Titicaca under 5 salinity levels (0, 15, 30, 45 and 60 percent of the mixing sea water and tap water). This experiment laboratory was conducted as a factorial experiment in the basis of randomize complete design with 3 replications with two factors at department of irrigation, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources in 2016. Measured characteristics were germination velocity, vigor index, radicle and plumule length, seedling growth fresh and dry weight and mean germination time. According to the results, different levels of salt stress had significant effects on germination velocity, radicle length (p ≤ 0.01) and plumule length, seedling growth fresh weight (p ≤ 0.05) while the effect of cultivar type was significant on vigor index, radicle length, seedling growth fresh weight and mean germination time (p ≤ 0.01). The interaction between salinity and cultivar type had significant effect on germination velocity, mean germination time, plumule length, seedling growth dry weight (p ≤ 0.05) and vigor index, radicle length (p ≤ 0.01). The results showed that with increase in salinity level, all measured characteristics were significantly decreased. According to the results, the germination stage of Quinoa has a good tolerance to elevated levels of salinity and it seems that a good stand establishment in saline soils and water conditions could be insured, if proper management is exerted in farms. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - Effect of cold plasma on chickpea seed germination and its color changes using neural fuzzy modeling
Mohsen Fereydooni Hossein Haji Agha alizadeIntroduction: Today, various technologies are used in the field of agriculture. Plasma technology is one of methods that can improve germination without harming the seeds. In this paper, the aim is to investigate the effect of cold plasma based on corona discharge on ge MoreIntroduction: Today, various technologies are used in the field of agriculture. Plasma technology is one of methods that can improve germination without harming the seeds. In this paper, the aim is to investigate the effect of cold plasma based on corona discharge on germination of Adel, Mansur and Azad chickpea varieties.Results: The results showed that the seeds of Adel and Azad varieties in 30 seconds cold plasma treatment and Mansour variety in 60-seconds cold plasma treatment, had longer root length than the control samples. After statistical analysis, it was found that root length under the same conditions, during cold plasma treatment periods, had a significant difference at the level of 5% compared to the control. On the other hand, by examining the components of color index in the tested samples, no significant change was observed in the samples. The most changes in the ratio of color difference index in samples of Adel variety with 60 seconds of exposure to cold plasma compared to samples with 30 seconds of exposure were calculated to be 1.48%. Also, to observe the color changes of the samples due to plasma, a third degree model was designed in a neural fuzzy environment in 8 regions, which showed minor color changes after learning, with an error of less than 0.01. Conclusion: The results showed that the use of cold plasma treatment can be effective on germination and improve the initial growth of chickpea seeds without causing side effects. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - Germinated Legumes (Mung Bean and Cowpea) as Potential Commodities for Preparing Complementary Baby Foods
A. Yasser K. Rezaei M. Salami -
Open Access Article
7 - Effect of Salinity on Viability of Wild Pistachio Seed (Pistacia vera L) in Khajeh Kalat Forest, Iran
Hadi Fadaei Vahid Etemad Gholamhosein MoradiBackground and Objective: The wide area of Iran is effected by salinity. So, study on salinity tolerance of plants are too important. Therefore this study was conducted to investigate effect of salinity on germination and viability of wild Pistachio seed. Method: Seed s MoreBackground and Objective: The wide area of Iran is effected by salinity. So, study on salinity tolerance of plants are too important. Therefore this study was conducted to investigate effect of salinity on germination and viability of wild Pistachio seed. Method: Seed sampling was done randomly and based on land unit map. Before germination test, stratification treatment was performed on seeds for 6 weeks in 4 °C. Germination test was done as factorial and completely randomized deign in tree repetition. After salinity treatments, seed germination, shoot length, root length and algometric ratio was measured. Findings: Results showed that salinity increasing was caused significantly decrease of seed viability, algometric ratio, root and stem length (p < 0.01). Also, increase of salinity in deferent altitude levels was caused significantly decrease of seed viability. Results of algometric ratio in different height and slope classes showed that there was not significant difference in zero salinity level and this ratio was significantly higher in this level comparing to other levels. Discussion and Conclusion: Regarding to results of this research, increase of salinity causing decrease of Pistachio growth and germination. Pistachio seed germination is more in higher altitude, while in some species altitude have opposite effect. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - Effect of physiographic factors on seed germination of wild Pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) in Khajeh kalat Forest of Mashhad, Iran
Hadi Fadaei Vahid Etemad Gholamhosein MoradiBackground and Objective: Regarding to importance and widespread of wild Pistachio in arid and semi-arid regions and problems of germination, this study was conducted to identify effect of physiography on seed germination of Pistacia vera in Khajeh Kalat Forest, northea MoreBackground and Objective: Regarding to importance and widespread of wild Pistachio in arid and semi-arid regions and problems of germination, this study was conducted to identify effect of physiography on seed germination of Pistacia vera in Khajeh Kalat Forest, northeast of Iran (N 36°54' - 36°64', E 54°35' - 54°45'). Material and Methodology: To do so land unit map was provided and sampling was done based on land units. Then, sampled seeds from 23 sampling unites were transferred to seed physiology lab for operational experiments. After operational experience, germination percent, germination value and mean time to germination for each unit were determined. Findings: The results showed that germination percent of pistachio seeds has had significant positive correlation with altitude, but hasn’t had significant correlation with slope and aspect (p<0.01). Correlation between germination value and altitude wasn’t significant, while slope and aspect have had significant correlation with germination value (p<0.01). Discussion and Conclusion: Regarding to results, germination percent in high altitudes was more than low altitudes. Germination value in law altitude and 0-30 percent slope was more than other aspects and slopes. Seeds that were collected from north and south aspects and above 60 percent slope have had more germination value than other aspects and slopes. Mean time to germination for east aspect and 30-60 percent slopes were less than other aspects and slopes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - Naphtalene effect on Germination and growth factors of seedlings in Helianthus annus L.
Maryam Khoshsokhan mozaffar banafsheh memarian fatemeh jamalouNaphthalene is one of the main polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons that is increasing in the petrochemical industry and is on the list of toxic pollutants. These contaminations are mutagenic and have a large impact on the ecosystem of the region, gradually they are emergin MoreNaphthalene is one of the main polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons that is increasing in the petrochemical industry and is on the list of toxic pollutants. These contaminations are mutagenic and have a large impact on the ecosystem of the region, gradually they are emerging to the food cycle and human societies. Thus threaten human health, plants, animals, rivers, underground water and agricultural production. Germination is the first and most important stage in plant development. In this study to evaluate the effect of naphtalene (30 & 50 mg/L) on germination, radical growth and biomass of seedlings in Helianthus annus L., an experiment was conducted. Seeds germinated in petri dishes and seven days later, those were studied. The results showed that naphthalene was not have a significant effect on germination percent. It Reduced the radicle length and also reduced the dry and fresh weight of the seedlings. Therefore, naphthalene because of its non-polar and hydrophilic structure decreases the rate of water absorption and affects the germination rate, and as a result, leads to decrease in length of the radicle and biomass of the seedlings. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - Effect of gibberellic acid and kinetin on some morphological features in two lentil cultivars under salinity stress
Fariba ShohaniObjective: An experiment was conducted to study the effect of two plant growth regulators (gibberellic acid and quinine) on seed germination and initial seedling growth and salinity tolerance in both Kimia and Shirvan local cultivars.Materials and Methods: This experime MoreObjective: An experiment was conducted to study the effect of two plant growth regulators (gibberellic acid and quinine) on seed germination and initial seedling growth and salinity tolerance in both Kimia and Shirvan local cultivars.Materials and Methods: This experiment was performed as a factorial experiment with a completely randomized design. Two separate experiments were performed to investigate the response of different lentil genotypes to salinity stress applied with salt (Nacl) under different treatments of gibberellic acid (GA3) and kinetin growth regulators. In each of these experiments, 32 treatments were performed in three replications. The first experiment was performed as a factorial experiment in a completely randomized design with three factors: genotype (local and chemical), salinity (0,60, 120 and180 mmol) and gibberellic acid (0,2, 4 and 6 mg/l) The second experiment was performed in the same way with three factors: genotype (local and chemical), salinity (0,60, 120 and 180 mmol) and kinetin (0,2, 4 and 6 mg/l)Findings: The results of the study of the main and interaction effects of genotype, salinity and growth regulator of gibberellic acid on the evaluated traits of lentil showed that the alchemy genotype had the highest mean in the study of traits (dry weight, root to shoot, root length). What is the total seedling length and germination percentage and the best genotype in terms of maximum mean in the study of traits (relative water content, tissue water content, stem length, number of roots and germination percentage) It was related to Ilam genotype.Conclusion: Statistical analysis of the studied traits at germination and seedling growth stage showed that salinity reduced the rate of germination and seedling growth in both cultivars. The results showed that the inhibitory effects of salt on seedling growth of Shirvan local cultivar were significantly higher than Kimia cultivar, which in fact indicates the similarity of salinity tolerance at germination and full plant stages in these two cultivars.Gibberellic acid increased germination rate in both cultivars, but Kimia genotype had the highest mean in the study of traits (root length, total seedling length, root-to-stem ratio). However, Shirvan local genotype had the highest mean in the study of traits such as (relative water content, tissue water content, stem length, number of roots). The trend of reduced root and stem growth in comparison with the control due to gibberellic acid treatment showed that the local cultivar was more sensitive to this growth regulator. Significant interaction was observed between different levels of salinity and gibberellic acid, meaning that the growth response of seedlings was different under the combined effects of salinity and gibberellicacid. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - Comparison of manna, phenol, seed germination, morphology and anatomy of Echinops polygamous and E. tenuisecta
Gudarz Tahmasebi Babak Delnavaz Hashemloian Azra Ataei Azimi Mojtaba Yosefirad Nastaran JalilianIntroduction: Echinops polygamous from Saveh and E. tenuisecta from Sarpol-e Zahab are two medicinal plants belong to the Asteraceae family. The aim of this study was to compare two medicinal plants of Echinops in terms of morphology, anatomical structure, manna trehalo MoreIntroduction: Echinops polygamous from Saveh and E. tenuisecta from Sarpol-e Zahab are two medicinal plants belong to the Asteraceae family. The aim of this study was to compare two medicinal plants of Echinops in terms of morphology, anatomical structure, manna trehalo production, seed germination and phenol content. Methods and materials: Morphology by examining the appearance characteristics, anatomical structure by fixing the plant organs, cutting and staining, manna by counting the Larinus cocoons, seed force germination percent, and phenol by Folin Siocaltu's method were studied. Results: Blue spherical inflorescence, prickly leaves and manna were common in both. Seed germination force of E. polygamous was better. Phenol was abundant in the shoots and inflorescences. The stems of E. polygamous have fallen to the ground and it had dense inflorescences, larger and thicker leaves, and more mana. E. tenuisecta stems were erect with smaller and thinner leaves. The extensive sclerenchyma, in the stem and root of both were observed. Vascular cambium was not observed in the stem. The vascular bundles of stems of E. polygamous were located in a circle and bundles of E. tenuisecta were located in two circle. Root cork cambium was continuous, but vascular cambium was interrupted.Conclusion: E. polygamous was better in terms of having thicker, larger leaves and fewer spines for insect larvae feeding and forming cocoons. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - Germination modeling of Eryngium caeruleum seeds with hydro thermal time model
Mohammad Lotfi asle giglo Mostafa Oveisi Hamid Rahimian- mashhadi Behnaz Pourmorad kaleibar Mohammad Hossein NaeimiThis study was conducted to evaluate the effect of temperature and moisture on germination of Eryngium caeruleum seeds as factorial experiment in a completely randomized design with three replications at weed science laboratory, college of agriculture and natural resour MoreThis study was conducted to evaluate the effect of temperature and moisture on germination of Eryngium caeruleum seeds as factorial experiment in a completely randomized design with three replications at weed science laboratory, college of agriculture and natural resources, university of Tehran. Factors were seven temperatures (5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 and 35°c) and seven levels of moisture (0, -2, -4, -6, -8, -10 and -12 bar) and hydro thermal time model used for description of Eryngium caeruleum germination. Germination parameters including base temperature (Tb), optimum temperature (To), the minimum moisture needed for start of germination (Wpb), decreasing coefficient (b) and standard deviation (Sigma) were obtained 2.39, 23.52, -0.93, 0.13 and 0.34 respectively, affected by different levels of temperature and moisture by using hydro thermal time model. The results also showed that germination percentage and rate increased up to -4 bar in base temperature and these germination characteristics reached to their highest level in optimum temperature. According to the results of this study, it can be said that the seeds of Eryngium caeruleum do not have resistance to the water stress at very low and very high temperatures, and have the maximum resistance at 20°c. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - A comparison of cardinal temperatures between haloxyfop R methyl ester- resistant and susceptible winter wild oat (Avena ludoviciana Durieu.) biotypes
Saeid Hassanpour Bourkheili Javid Gherekhloo Behnam Kamkar S. Sanaz RameznpourEvolution of resistance in weeds leads to induction of fitness cost. Five winter wild oat biotypes resistant to haloxyfop R methyl ester collected from Kalaleh Township located in Golestan province were evaluated along with the susceptible biotype in terms of variation MoreEvolution of resistance in weeds leads to induction of fitness cost. Five winter wild oat biotypes resistant to haloxyfop R methyl ester collected from Kalaleh Township located in Golestan province were evaluated along with the susceptible biotype in terms of variation in cardinal temperatures in the following study. The experiment was conducted at laboratories of Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources as completely randomized design with 4 replications each consisting of 25 seeds. Petri dishes containing seeds were incubated and monitored continuously at temperatures 5-40 °C (at 5°C intervals) following a 72 hours vernalization at 4°C. Non-linear regression models were used to quantify germination response to temperature. No notable difference was observed among winter wild oat biotypes and beta model at 50 percentile was the most suitable model to describe cardinal temperatures. Base, optimum and ceiling temperatures were estimated between -4.21 to -5.91, 23.37-23.94 and 36.99-37.54 °C, respectively. Thermal tolerance range of susceptible and resistant biotypes were not significantly different. Susceptible and resistant biotypes showed similar response. Lack of fitness cost regarding cardinal temperatures demonstrates that similar non-chemical management practices including early sowing may be implemented to control resistant and susceptible biotypes germination and emergence. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - The Effect of Different Methods of Calculation of Germination Rate in Evaluation of Sprouting potential of Purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus L.) tuber and Estimation of Thermal Thresholds
sajad mijani mehdi rastgoo ali ghanbari mehdi nassiri mahallati jose luis Gonzalez-AndujarPurple nutsedge, is one of the most burdensome weeds in the agroecosystems, due to the rapid growth and proliferation of underneath tubers. The tubers are the main means of propagation and distribution of Purple nutsedge. Information on environmental conditions that reg MorePurple nutsedge, is one of the most burdensome weeds in the agroecosystems, due to the rapid growth and proliferation of underneath tubers. The tubers are the main means of propagation and distribution of Purple nutsedge. Information on environmental conditions that regulate the growth of the vegetative organs would help to predict the emergence time of perennial weeds. Several methods of germination were tested to compare the germination potential and determine the thresholds (the main temperatures) for germination of the tubers. The results showed that the () and ( methods are not an appropriate index for estimating the temperature thresholds and evaluating sprouting potential. Based on germination rate (tubers per day -1) and weighted germination rate (tubers per day-1) indices, temperatures of 25 and 30°C were the best temperatures. On the other hand, based on the thermal germination rate index, (tuber per°C -1 per day-1) the best temperature is 25°C. Among indices, the thermal germination rate index is a more justified assessment for precise description of sprouting potential versus temperature due to take into account the amount of used heat. In order to study the germination percentage, germination rate, weighted germination rate, Dent-like model showed better fit (R2 adjusted =0.83 to 0.99) but for study of the thermal germination rate index segmented model was superior model (R2 adjusted =0.76). In general, the minimum, optimal and maximum range of germination of Purple nutsedg was determined to be between 7.51 to 9.20, 28.5 to 32.62, and 0.43 to 42.49 ° C, respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - Determination of cardinal temperatures of germination in three species of pigweed (Amaranthus sp.)
Elahe Pirouzmand Ebrahi Izedi Darbandi mehdi nassiri mahallati Reza Tavakol AfshariThis study was carried out to evaluate the cardinal temperatures of germination of three Amaranth species (Amaranthus retrouflexus L.), (Amaranthus viridis L). and (Amaranthus blitoides S. Watson). The experiment was conducted as a completely randomized design with nine MoreThis study was carried out to evaluate the cardinal temperatures of germination of three Amaranth species (Amaranthus retrouflexus L.), (Amaranthus viridis L). and (Amaranthus blitoides S. Watson). The experiment was conducted as a completely randomized design with nine temperatures (5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40 and 45) and four replications at Weed Science Research Laboratory of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. Sseed germination percentage and rate was calculated and regression models were used to evaluate the results and determine cardinal temperatures. Based on the results, among the nonlinear regression models, the intersected lines and quadratic polynomial models with respect to the highest coefficient of determination (R2) showed the best fitting of germination rate of seeds. Accordingly, the intersected lines model was more preferred. generally over the minimum temperature, optimum temperature and maximum temperature using intersected-lines model for green pigweed of 4.86, 25.56 and 45.76 ° C, respectively. Red root pigweed was calculated 6.65, 30.56 and 51.6 ° C, respectively, and was estimated to be 9.22, 34.39 and 50.66 ° C for prostrate pigweed, respectively. The results of this study showed that sow seed germination was carried out over a wide range. All three species were able to germinate between 10 and 45 ° C. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
16 - Effect of Burial Depth on Tuber Sprouting and Growth of Purple Nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus L.) Ecotypes
mohammad roozkhosh Seyed Vahid Eslami Majid Jami-Al-AhmadiPurple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus L.) is a problematic weed in tropical regions particularly in Jiroft, Kahnooj and Birjand, so that farmers annually suffer severe damage to their vegetable and cucurbit crops. Currently, very little research on the biological basis of t MorePurple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus L.) is a problematic weed in tropical regions particularly in Jiroft, Kahnooj and Birjand, so that farmers annually suffer severe damage to their vegetable and cucurbit crops. Currently, very little research on the biological basis of this noxious weed has been don.This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of burial depth on tubes germination and emergence of different purple nutsedge ecotypes. Purple nutsedge tubers were collected from birjand, kahnooj and jiroft regions. A factorial experiment was conducted based on randomized complete block design in University of Birjand with three replications. To investigate the viability of tubers before being used for bioassays, their germination potentials were examined in a growth chamber set at 25/15°C. Then, ten tubers of each ecotype with almost equal weight (3.6gr) and size were planted in polyethylene tubes with 25 cm in diameter and 50 cm in height. Ten tubers of each purple nutsedge ecotype were sown at 8 different depths, including 0, 2.5, 5, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 cm. At the termination of experiment, number of tubers and pre tubers, underground tuber dry weight, shoot number and above ground dry weight were recorded. Results showed that purple nutsedge tubers were able to emerge from very deep burial depths (up to a depth of 50 cm), and in this regard, there were some differences among the three ecotypes. Generally, as depth increases, the number and weight of tubers, and shoots decreased; whereas the burial depth showed no effect on the shoot height and pre-tuber production. Therefore, in addition to deep plowing, other control methods such as cultural control and chemical methods should be used in an integrated management. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
17 - The effects of nitrogen and irrigation interval on broomrape (Orbanche aegyptiaca) damage reduction in host plant (Cucumis sativa L.) in greenhouse condition
Mehrnoush Eskandari Torbaghan Masoud Eskandari TorbaghanIn order to study the effects of nitrogen and irrigation interval on Broomrape (Orbanche aegyptiaca) damage reduction in cucumber (Cucumis sativa L.), an experiment with two factors, nitrogen (urea in three levels 100,200 and 300 Kg/ha) and irrigation interval (with thr MoreIn order to study the effects of nitrogen and irrigation interval on Broomrape (Orbanche aegyptiaca) damage reduction in cucumber (Cucumis sativa L.), an experiment with two factors, nitrogen (urea in three levels 100,200 and 300 Kg/ha) and irrigation interval (with three levels 3,6 and 9 day) in three replications was performed in the greenhouse of Northern Khorasan Agricultural and Natural Resource Research Center. The results showed that the growing velocity was maximum in the treatment of 200 Kg N/ha. However, height and the number of cucumbers were lower. The effect of irrigation interval on the number of flowering days was significant, whereas nitrogen fertilizer did not have a significant influence on this parameter. Hence, irrigation level rising caused reduction in the number of flowering days. Maximum length and diameter of cucumber was observed in the treatment of highest nitrogen level and minimum irrigation interval or the treatment of lowest nitrogen level and medium irrigation interval. The maximum number of cucumbers and weight was obtained in maximum nitrogen and irrigation interval. In addition, rising irrigation interval caused the number of cucumber increase and decrease in cucumber weight. The maximum wet weight of shoot and root was observed in the highest nitrogen treatment. On the other hand, the maximum wet weight of shoot and root was derived from the highest nitrogen and medium irrigation treatment and the highest nitrogen and minimum irrigation interval treatment, respectively. The comparison of water percent in wet and dry weight of shoot showed that the highest value was observed in 300 and 100 Kg N/ha treatments respectively. Maximum shoot/root ratio was observed in the treatment of 100 Kg N/ha and a six-day irrigation interval. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
18 - Inhibitory effect of cinnamon (Cinnamomum tamala (Buch.-Ham.) T.Nees & Eberm.) essential oil and its aldehyde constituents on growth and spore germination of phytopathogenic fungi
Deepa Bisht Arvind Saroj Anjala Durgapal C.S. Chanotiya Abdul Samad -
Open Access Article
19 - Determination of Cardinal Temperature of three species of Lolium genus and responses to salinity and drought stresses
Marjan DyanatIn order to study seed germination responses of three species of Lolium to temperature regimes, salinity and drought stresses three separate experiment were conducted as a factorial based on completely randomized design at laboratory of ecology of Faculty of Agriculture MoreIn order to study seed germination responses of three species of Lolium to temperature regimes, salinity and drought stresses three separate experiment were conducted as a factorial based on completely randomized design at laboratory of ecology of Faculty of Agriculture, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University in 2015. In frist experiment, factors were included three species of Lolium (poison ryegrass, Persian darnel and rigid ryegrass) and temperature at 12 levels (0, 3, 5, 7, 10, 12, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40 0C). In second and third experiments effects of seven levels of salinity (0, 10, 20, 40, 80, 160 and 320 mmol) and seven levels of drought stress (0, -0.1, -0.2, -0.4, -0.6, -0,8 and -1 MPa) on germination percentage of three Lolium species were examined. Based on linear regression between germination rate and temperature, the cardinal temperatures: minimum (Tmin), maximum (Tmax) and optimum (To) were determined 2, 37 and 20ºC, for poison ryegrass, 0, 38 and 20 ºC for Persian darnel and 0, 38 and 23 ºC for rigid ryegrass, respectively. Three-parameter logestic model is well justified the relationship between different salinity and drought levels and germination percentage. Based on model, reduction of 50% of germination percentage in Persian darnel caused at intensified osmotic potential in comparison of two other species, so this species had more tolerance to salinity and drought stresses. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
20 - Effect of plant-derived smoke on germination and seedling growth in some species weed
Marjan DiyanatIn order to evaluate effects of plant-derived smoke on germination and seedling growth in some species weeds an experiment was conducted in factorial based on completely randomized design at laboratory of ecology of Faculty of Agriculture, Islamic Azad University, Scien MoreIn order to evaluate effects of plant-derived smoke on germination and seedling growth in some species weeds an experiment was conducted in factorial based on completely randomized design at laboratory of ecology of Faculty of Agriculture, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, in 2015. First Factor was 12 weed species and second factor was germination treatment consisted of 10-3 M KNO3, 10–4 M GA3, 0.01 and 0.1 (V/V) smoke-extract dilution at constant temperature and alternating temperature. For the study species the relative effectiveness of alternating temperatures, KNO3, GA3 and smoke –extract dilution were compared on germination percentage, mean time to germination and seedling dry weight relative to the control. Results showed that smoke-extract dilution stimulated germination and seedling growth in a number of species weeds and it also had negative impacts on other species weeds. There were significant correlations between the effect of smoke-extract dilution and GA3 on the three measured parameters. None of the treatments were effective on all weed species. In addition, smoke –extract dilution appears to have no negative impact on seedling morphology, as observed with GA3, and may have wide-scale applicability as a germination and early growth stimulant. So smoke may have wide applicability as a germination and seedling growth stimulant in some species weeds. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
21 - The Effect of Drought on Population Dynamic of Volunteer Rape Seed (Brassica napus L.) in Darkness
Asiyeh Siahmarguee Ebrahim Zeynali Elham Azizi Leila AlimoradiIn order to evaluate effects of drought and darkness on secondary dormancy of Brasica napus, a factorial experiment based on completely randomized design with 3 replications. The treatments included 7 various canola (Hyola 60, Hyola 308, Hyola 330, Hyola401, Hyola 420, MoreIn order to evaluate effects of drought and darkness on secondary dormancy of Brasica napus, a factorial experiment based on completely randomized design with 3 replications. The treatments included 7 various canola (Hyola 60, Hyola 308, Hyola 330, Hyola401, Hyola 420, Sarigol, AA1) and 3 drought levels (control, -1.5 MP water potential and dry seed). Samples were placed inside black cover in growth chamber with 20°c for 2 weeks. Results indicated that the highest and lowest germination percent was observed in Hyola420 and Hyola60, respectively. The percentage of germination of varieties decreased under the different drought levels significantly. The percentage of cumulative germination in total canola varieties under -1.5 MP was more than dry seeds, considerably. In general, in addition to genotype, environmental conditions affect on secondary dormancy potential of seeds. In total varieties, except of Hyola60, germination percent and rate was decreased, due to enviromment moisture. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
22 - Study of Biological Control of Russian Knapweed (Acroptilon repens L.) by Flies Head (Urophara xanthippe) Under Greenhouse and Field Conditions
Behroz Khalil Tahmasbi Saeed Moodi Golamreza Zamani Ghorbanali Assadi Mohammad Taghi AlebrahimThis study was conducted to study the biological control of Russian Knapweed (Acroptilon repens L.) by flies head (Urophora xanthippe) in 2010 at Research Laboratory and Greenhouse of College of Agriculture, in Birjand University. This study was due in 2 separate Experi MoreThis study was conducted to study the biological control of Russian Knapweed (Acroptilon repens L.) by flies head (Urophora xanthippe) in 2010 at Research Laboratory and Greenhouse of College of Agriculture, in Birjand University. This study was due in 2 separate Experiment, the first Experiment The effect of flashed germination of Russian knapweed’s seeds and second experiment Performed determine the efficiency of flies head to reduce seed knapweed production. The results showed that use of flies head decreased knapweed germination rate percentage compared to control significantly (P <0.001). Fresh and dry weight of seedlings in control treatment was 0.176, 0.009 and in treatment by using flies head was 0.025 and 0.001 respectively the results of head flies on seed performance test showed 72% avrage boll damage in compare to control the results was significantly different. Therefore it seems that by using this biological agent we may be offer to manage Russian knapweed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
23 - Investigation on Allelopathic Effects of Shoot Aqueous Extracts in Bromus (Bromus japonicus. L.) Germination Characteristics and Seedling Growth Characteristics of Four Common Cultivars of Wheat (Treaticum aestivum L.) in Sistan Province
Mahboobeh Basiri Mohsen Mousavi Asiyeh Siyah MergoeyA study was carried out to investigate the allelopahtic effects of shoot aqueous extract of Bromus (Bromus japonicus L.) on germination characteristics and seedling growth of four common cultivars of Sistan wheat (Treaticum aestivum L.). The layout was MoreA study was carried out to investigate the allelopahtic effects of shoot aqueous extract of Bromus (Bromus japonicus L.) on germination characteristics and seedling growth of four common cultivars of Sistan wheat (Treaticum aestivum L.). The layout was conducted as factorial in a completely randomized design with four replications in Biotechnology Research Center (Bio-center), University of Zabol in 2014. The treatments were in four levels (25, 50, 75 and 100%) of shoot aqueous extracts of Bromus plus distilled water as control. The results showed when concentration of shoot aqueous extracts increased, germination percentage, germination rate, root length, stem length, root fresh weight, stem fresh weight, root/stem fresh weight ratio, root/stem length ratio, seedling length, root dry weight, stem dry weight, and seedling vigor index decreased significantly. The functional three-parameter logistic model provided a successful estimation of the relationship between aqueous extract level and germination response of cultivars of wheat. The fitted model showed that by increasing concentrations of shoot aqueous extract of bromus, maximum germination percentage of wheat cultivars was decreased. Hamun wheat cultivar was more tolerant to different concentrations of shoot aqueos extract of bromus than other cultivars. It showed 50% reduction in maximum germination percentage when extract concentration was about 148.2 %. However, in Bulani wheat cultivar 50% reduction was about in 61.93% extract concentration. As conclusion, Bulani wheat cultivar was more susceptible to different concentrations of extract of bromus than other cultivars. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
24 - Investigation of Salinity and Moisture on the Germination of Weed Seeds Mallow,Barnyard grass and Johnson grass in Terms of Deterioration of Seeds
Ghodratolah Fatahi Eynolah Hesami Nima ArdalanIn order to evaluate the effects of seed deterioration on capability of seed germination and seedling of three weeds-Malva neglecta L., Echinochloa crus-galli L.and Sorghum halepense L.-under saline stress conditions, an experiment was conducted at university of Ramin i MoreIn order to evaluate the effects of seed deterioration on capability of seed germination and seedling of three weeds-Malva neglecta L., Echinochloa crus-galli L.and Sorghum halepense L.-under saline stress conditions, an experiment was conducted at university of Ramin in Khuzesatan. The arrangement was factrorial in form of a completely randomized design with 4 replications (RCD) in 2012. In this experiment, The first factor was weed seeds at 3 levels (Malva neglecta, Echinochloa crus-galli and Sorghum halepense), the second factor was deterioration treatments at 4 levels (0, 3, 5 and 7 days), and the third factor was salinity (0,4,8 and 12dSm-1), and the forth factor was moisture stress at 3 levels (saturation field capacity(FC) and 50%FC). The results of experiment showed that seed deterioration and saline stress reduce all measured characteristics including time, speed, uniformity, persentage and emergence index, germination percentage, radicle length, plumul length, vigos index, and seedling dry weight. A significant difference was observed at %1 level. Saline stress resulted in reduction of determined characters in the experiment. Whwrase in Wherase in Malva niglecta moisture Stress of 50% FC, FC and saturation reduced percentage of germination, in barnyard grass and johnsongrass the highest germination percentage was observed in saturation tseated seeds and the least percentage of emergences was observed in %50 FC treated seeds. Our results indicated that seed deterioration increased the effect of salinity on weed seedling establishment and seed germination. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
25 - The Biology of Berry and Seeds of Ground Cherry (Physalis divaricata L.)
Jamshid Nazari Alam Abdoreza Ahmadi Seyed Karim Mousavi Hamid Rahimian Mashhadi Majid Javadi Fatemeh Rashidian The mortality rate of ground cherry seed (Physalis divaricata L.) was examined at three different depths (0-10-30 cm) of soil and the biology of their berries was studied after shattering in a field for one year in Alashtar in Lorestan province. The type of exper More The mortality rate of ground cherry seed (Physalis divaricata L.) was examined at three different depths (0-10-30 cm) of soil and the biology of their berries was studied after shattering in a field for one year in Alashtar in Lorestan province. The type of experiments was completely randomized design. The viability of seeds within berries was conducted from early formation to completely ripe berry fruits; the emergence method of seedling was studied. The results showed that the berries are formed in late June but seeds within the fruits showed viability 4 weeks later, with 80 percent seed germination. Seeds at depths the 10-30 cm had the least mortality rate, with 98 percent germination, seeds on surface soil showed the most mortality rate, with 86 percent germination after one year. After shedding the berries, a great portion of water was absorbed by them, they were cracked in January, the berries decomposed in March and dispersed completely during April and seeds were shattered. The biology of the germination showed that from each berry under wheat canopy emerged more than 35 seedlings as cluster but after harvesting the wheat, the emergence rate exceeded than 70 germinated seeds per berry. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
26 - Effect of tree formulations of diatomaceous earth on germination percentage and seedling growth rate of wheat, under laboratory conditions
F. Shakhsi Zare R. Vafaei Shushtari H. Farazmand A. Marouf M. GhazaviThe aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Iranian formulation of diatomaceous earth (Sayan®), and other two DE formulations (Insecto® and SilicoSec®) on seed germination and seedling growth rate, under laboratory conditions (16 hrs light and 20& MoreThe aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Iranian formulation of diatomaceous earth (Sayan®), and other two DE formulations (Insecto® and SilicoSec®) on seed germination and seedling growth rate, under laboratory conditions (16 hrs light and 20±2 °C). Wheat seeds (vr. Falät) were treated with 250, 500, 1000 and 1500 ppm of each DE formulations at four replicates. Seed germination was tested in standard methods and the length of seedling was measured, 8 days after treatment and compared with control. The results showed a significant difference between Sayan and two other formulation of DEs in seed germination and seedling growing rate of wheat seeds. How ever there was no significant difference between Insecto and SilicoSec. For Sayan, seed germination increased with increasing dosage. The highest seed germination (89%) and the least (54%) occurred in 1500 and 250 ppm respectively. Seedling length was not influenced by increasing Sayan concentrations. According to results of this study, Iranian formulation of diatomaceous earth (Sayan®) has lower effects on seed germination and seedling growing rate of wheat and can improve the storage longevity of wheat in compare to other formulation of DE. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
27 - Contact toxicity of Lavandula angustifolia Mill and Zataria multiflora Boiss essential oils against the adults of Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) (Col., Bruchidae) and identification of their chemical compositions
Z. Golestani kalat G. MoravvejIn last decades, many researches have been done on use of botanical compound especially essential oils as insecticides. In the present study, the contact toxicity of Lavandula angustifolia and Zataria multiflora essential oils was evaluated on both sexes of C. MoreIn last decades, many researches have been done on use of botanical compound especially essential oils as insecticides. In the present study, the contact toxicity of Lavandula angustifolia and Zataria multiflora essential oils was evaluated on both sexes of C. maculatus adults at 29±1ºC, 60±5% RH in dark condition. Essential oils were obtained by hydro distillation. The toxicity of both oils against males and females was positively and significantly associated with concentration. On the basis of LC50 ratios and their 95% confidence limits, there was no significant difference between sensitivity of males and females. The LC50 values for males were 719 and 598 µl.m-2 and for females were 787 and 738 µl.m-2 for L. angustifolia and Z. multiflora, respectively. Both essential oils had no negative effect on seed germination of the cowpea. The essential oils analysis by GC-MS showed that the main compounds of L. angustifolia oil were linalool (42.8%), 1,8-cineol (23.4%), rosefuran epoxide (14%), menthone (6.8%), isomenthol (5.2%) and dihydro carvone (trans) (4.3%) and those of Z. multiflora oil were thymol (55%), linalool (37.8%) and p-cymene (7.2%). The results suggested that L. angustifolia and Z. multiflora essential oils might be suitable alternatives to conventional pesticides for protecting pulses against C. maculatus adult. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
28 - The Effect of Using a Solar MagnetizerWater System on Increasing the Germination of Some Seeds
Amin Reza Jamshidi Mahdi Mozafari Legha Mohsen MohseniIn this study, the effect of magnetic field of a magnetic system on seed germination percentage was studied. The device consists of components including: seed tank, device structure, 50-watt solar panel, electronic board of electromagnetic field generator with field int MoreIn this study, the effect of magnetic field of a magnetic system on seed germination percentage was studied. The device consists of components including: seed tank, device structure, 50-watt solar panel, electronic board of electromagnetic field generator with field intensity change up to 0.1 Tesla, intelligent electronic charge control board, 14-amp battery, 2-inch inlet and outlet tube Is. To control the magnetic field, two pairs of coils are used, which are wrapped around the passage tube. By installing an intelligent electronic board, the battery charge is controlled. The current from the DC power supply to the windings will produce a non-oscillating magnetic field strength. Seed germination percentage was determined and compared before and after magnetic field formation and magnetic water production. Germination experiment showed that the water from the magnetic field did not have a significant effect on increasing the germination of wheat, canola, alfalfa, tomato and lettuce seeds. However, a significant difference was observed between the germination percentage of cucumber and pumpkin in the isolated sample and the prototype, so that the germination percentage of these seeds increased by 26 and 20.64%, respectively, compared to the primary seeds. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
29 - Evaluation of seed dormancy and Artificial seed production in the medicinal plant Teucrium polium L.
Saideh Saadat Ahmad Majd Lotfali Naseri alireza iranbakhsh Morad JafariTeucrium polium L. is an important medicinal plant from the Lamiaceae which is endangered and its seed dormancy and poor germination are its main agricultural problems. In this research, the effect of 14 different treatments consisting of gibberellic acid, sulfuric acid MoreTeucrium polium L. is an important medicinal plant from the Lamiaceae which is endangered and its seed dormancy and poor germination are its main agricultural problems. In this research, the effect of 14 different treatments consisting of gibberellic acid, sulfuric acid, and chilling was studied based on a completely randomized design with three replications on breaking seed dormancy. There was a significant difference between different treatments. The best seed germination performance was observed in the seeds treated with sulfuric acid 98% for 15 minutes and gibberellic acid solution (1000 ppm) for 120 hours at 4 degrees Celsius, while the lowest was found in seeds soaked in water and kept at 4°C for two weeks and cultured in MS culture medium. The results of this research showed that the treatment of sulfuric acid and gibberellic acid along with cooling led to the highest percentage of seed germination, implying seed dormancy in these plants is a physical-physiological type. The results showed that artificial seeds with meristem origin were better than artificial seeds with somatic embryo origin under the conditions of growth room and refrigerator in terms of germination percentage, root and stem production. Therefore, with the mentioned methods, it is possible to solve the agricultural problem of this plant and prevent its extinction by producing artificial seeds and provide enough raw materials for the production of different medicines with the origin of this plant. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
30 - Effects of Culture Medium and Organic Matter on Germination Characteristics of Lemongrass Seeds (Melissa Officinalis L.)
Shima Rahmanian Abolhossein Aboutalebi Jahromi Mehdi Hoseini FarahiEvaluation of seed germination characteristics is one of the basic and preliminary studies of medicinal plants. The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of culture medium and organic matter on improving the germination characteristics of lemongrass seed MoreEvaluation of seed germination characteristics is one of the basic and preliminary studies of medicinal plants. The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of culture medium and organic matter on improving the germination characteristics of lemongrass seeds as a factorial experiment in a completely randomized design with three replications in Jahrom city. The first factor is the culture medium at three levels (compost, soil and vermicompost, compost + vermicompost and vermicompost + soil at equal ratios) and the second factor was organic matter at three levels (control, effective microorganisms (EM) and humic acid 5mlL-1). Germination percentage, rate and mean daily germination, plant vigor and germination index were measured. The results showed that the effect of culture medium, organic matter and the interaction of culture medium and organic matter on all germination characteristics of lemongrass seeds was significant. Highest germination percentage, germination rate, mean daily germination, vigor index and seed germination index were obtained by using EM. The culture medium containing soil + compost and soil + vermicompost alone had the highest germination traits. The interaction of culture medium and organic matter showed that the highest seed germination percentage of 100% was obtained in soil culture medium + compost using EM. The highest germination rate as well as the highest germination index were observed in soil culture medium containing compost + vermicompost using EM. In order to increase germination and improve the seedling quality of lemongrass, the use of EM and the combination of soil + compost for culture medium is recommended. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
31 - Evaluation Of Salicylic Acid Pretreatment On Germination And Seedling Growth Characteristics On Medicinal Plant Of Black Cumin (Nigella Sativa L.) under salt stress
فرشاد سرخیBlack cumin is used medicinally as a decongestant, regularizer, laxative, anti -constipation and sexual enhancer in men. It is also used in the treatment of cancer, diabetes, and ulcers . Salinity stress could decrease seed germination and growth of plants. It has been MoreBlack cumin is used medicinally as a decongestant, regularizer, laxative, anti -constipation and sexual enhancer in men. It is also used in the treatment of cancer, diabetes, and ulcers . Salinity stress could decrease seed germination and growth of plants. It has been found that salicylic acid as endogenous growth regulator of natural phenolic compounds that cause to reduce negative effects of the salt stress on different aspects of plant life. The current research was carried out to evaluate probable positive effects of salicylic acid on the germination and initial growth properties of Nigella Sativa when put with salinity stress. For this purpose, an experiment was conducted of factorial experiment in a randomized complete design in four replications. Treatments consisted of salicylic acid levels of 0, 0.2, 0.6 and 1 mm and salinity stress of 0, 100, 150, and 200 mm. The results indicated that salinity stress decreased germination percentage, rate of germination, radical and plumule length and seedling dry weight. The greatest effect of root/shoot ratio was obtained in concentration of 200mm salt stress. While salicylic acid increased the germination percentage, germination rate, root length, shoot length, seedling dry weight and root/shoot ratio under salt stress and non-stress. Most of these traits were observed at concentration of 1 mm salicylic acid. According to the results of seed priming by salicylic acid in regions with salt stree can increase the resistance of Nigella sativa seeds in the germination stage and initial seedling growth Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
32 - Effect of Duration and Composition of Seed Priming on Germination Indices and Yield of Wheat (cv. Mehregan) in Khorramshahr Region (South west of Iran)
Masomeh Sebti Kamran Mohsenifar -
Open Access Article
33 - Investigation on germination and phenolic content of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) in response to cell phone radiation
Elham Rajabbeigi Mohammadreza RoustaNowadays, the use of cell phone has increased with the modernization. It has led to the increase in the radiations in the environment which further has effect on the plants and animals including human beings. In this research, the grains of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) MoreNowadays, the use of cell phone has increased with the modernization. It has led to the increase in the radiations in the environment which further has effect on the plants and animals including human beings. In this research, the grains of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) were placed in petridish and the mobile phone set was placed over them and it was activated by calling from another phone. The grains under the treatment for 14 days, were radiated for 10 minutes every day. After the treatment, the effects of cell phone waves on tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) seedlings were investigated and the percentage of germination, radical scavengering capacity, and phenolics were examined in compared to control samples. It was observed that radiations emitted from cell phone show considerable increasing in the germination percentage and lipid peroxidation. Radical scavenging activity (RSA) and protein content were declined in response to cell phone radiations. Increasing of seed germination could be caused by inducing gene expression in response to cell phone radiations. It seems that although the decrease in radical scavenging activity, ROS was increased. It could be led to lipid degradation in compare to control ones. Total phenolics decreased in response to phone radiation. It seems that cell phone radiation can affect cells through the membrane degeneration and the production of reactive oxygen species. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
34 - Allelopathic Effect of Leaf Water Extract of Hoary alyssum (Berteroa incana L.) at Rosette Stage on Seed Germination
H. Madani M.K. Upadhayaya G. StoppsThe allelopathic effects of leaves at rosette stage of the hoary alyssum (Berteroa incana L.) against some associated grasses like, prairie June grass (Koeleria macrantha), Idaho fescue (Festuca idahoensis), blue-bunch wheatgrass (Pseudoroegneria spicata) and cheat gras MoreThe allelopathic effects of leaves at rosette stage of the hoary alyssum (Berteroa incana L.) against some associated grasses like, prairie June grass (Koeleria macrantha), Idaho fescue (Festuca idahoensis), blue-bunch wheatgrass (Pseudoroegneria spicata) and cheat grass (Bromus tectorum) and its own were investigated. The experiment al materials used were the leaf extracts and its allelopathic effects on seed germination and seedling emergence of the abave mentioned grasses in Petri dishes. According to our study, leaves of hoary alyssum rosettes at stage have the potential to reduce germination rate, root and shoot growth of pasture grasses and hoary alyssum itself due to its allelopathic effect. The leaf leachate solution bioassays also showed that the germination of cheat grass was more susceptible to 4% solution of allelopathic extract of leaves. Hoary alyssum leaf extract also exhibited allelopathic self-inhibition, in both seedling root and shoot growth at 2 and 4% concentrations. Self- inhibitory allelopathic effects of hoary alyssum could also be important in preventing seed germination and seedling establishment of neighboring plant. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
35 - Allelopathic Effects of Bermuda grass (Cynodon dactylon) on Seed Germination, Growth and Yield of Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum)
M. YarniaBecause of abundance and importance of Cynodon dactylon in wheat fields a factorial experiment was conducted with three replicates to study allelopathic effects on Cynodon dactylon on wheat in 2oo7. Extract of different parts of this weed in five levels (control, leaf, MoreBecause of abundance and importance of Cynodon dactylon in wheat fields a factorial experiment was conducted with three replicates to study allelopathic effects on Cynodon dactylon on wheat in 2oo7. Extract of different parts of this weed in five levels (control, leaf, shoot, root, and flower extract) and its different concentrations in 4 levels (1:5, 1:10, 1:15, and 1:20) were used to evaluate its concentration effects on seed germination, vegetative growth and seed yield of wheat. Anova showed that effect of main factor and interactions on some attributes studied were significant. All concentrations of extracts decreased germination as compared to control. But, weed root and total plant parts extracts showed highest reduction on germination. 1:5 extract concentration decreased radical and plumole length, seedling dry weight, seed and percentage of germination by 81.38, 79.37, 73.75, 97.33 and 70.31%, respectively. ANOVA in green house showed significant effect of some main factors and interactions. Increasing extract concentrations from 1:20 to 1:5 decreased significantly all attributes. Rate of reduction in plant height, spike length, leaf number, peduncle length, biomass, seed number, TKW, and yield in 1:5 concentration as compared to control were 53.88, 40.42, 52.80, 63.85, 82.84, 88.63, 76.10 and 95.84%, respectively. Base on this experiment, it can be said that Cynodon dactylon produces allelopatic chemical materials and thus decreases germination, growth and seed yield of wheat considerably. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
36 - Effects of Electromagnetic Field and Ultrasonic Waves on Seed Germination, Seedling Characteristics and Essence Percent of Thymes (Thymus vulgaris L.)
Nader Ashnagar Touraj Mir Mahmoodi Nader JalilnejhadThe effect of electromagnetic field and ultrasonic waves on the seed germination, seedling characteristics and essence percent of thymes investigated by using two separate factorial experiments, based on completely randomized design with three replications, at the Seed MoreThe effect of electromagnetic field and ultrasonic waves on the seed germination, seedling characteristics and essence percent of thymes investigated by using two separate factorial experiments, based on completely randomized design with three replications, at the Seed Science and Technology Laboratory of Faculty Agricultural Sciences of Islamic Azad University of Mahabad in 2017. In the first experiment, the seeds were exposed to electromagnetic field with 5, 50 and 100 milli tesla for 5, 15 and 30 minutes, and in the second experiment, the seeds were exposed to ultrasound intensity of 20, 40 and 60 kHz for 4, 8 and 12 minutes. Results of analysis of variance showed that the effects of electromagnetic field intensity by ultrasound intensity interactions were significant on all traits and indices. In this research, the highest germination percentage (97.66%), speed of germination (0.20), root length (8.70 cm), stem length (9.67 cm), root dry weight (41.5 mg), stem dry weight (44.75 mg), seedling dry weight (86.21 mg), plant dry weight (0.82g), and lowest mean germination time (4.84 days) belonged to the seeds treated with electromagnetic field intensity of 50 milli tesla for 15 minutes. The results also revealed that highest germination percentage (90.66%), germination speed (0.21), root length (7.78 cm), stem length (6.65 cm), root dry weight (41.21 mg), stem dry weight (53.60 mg), seedling dry weight (94.80 mg) and plant dry weight (0.55 g) and the lowest mean germination time (4.96 days) were related to 60 KHz ultrasound intensity for 16 minutes. The highest essence percent was produced from seeds treated with electromagnetic fields of 5 milli tesla for 30 minutes (3.44 percent) and 60 KHz ultrasound waves for 16 minutes (2.95 percent). Thus, these treatments are recommended to improve thyme germination and its seedling properties. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
37 - Effect of Osmotic Stress on Seed Germination Indices of Nigella sativa and Silybum marianum
حمیدرضا Balouchi A. Yadavi M. Movahedi DehnaviEvaluation of medicinal plants to drought and salt stress tolerance, in an attempt to plant them under drought and saline regions, is of utmost importance. Environmental stresses, especially drought and salt, reduce the global crop yields more than other factors. Select MoreEvaluation of medicinal plants to drought and salt stress tolerance, in an attempt to plant them under drought and saline regions, is of utmost importance. Environmental stresses, especially drought and salt, reduce the global crop yields more than other factors. Selection of drought tolerant crops at germination stage, usually is, the fast and low cost method. In order to study the effect of osmotic stress on germination indices of black cumin and milk thistle, an experiment carried out in a completely randomized design with four replications at the Seed Technology Laboratoary of Yasouj University in 2008. Treatments were 0 (as control), -2.4, -4.8, -7.2 and -9.4 bar osmotic potentials created by using PEG 6000. Results showed that, decreasing of osmotic potential reduced speed of germination and its percentage, root and shoot lengths and dry matter in these two plants. Black cumin showed higher tolerance, to -4.8 bar osmotic potential, as compared to milk thistle. However, milk thistle showed higher tolerance to drought stress, up to this osmotic potential (-4.8 bar), compared to black cumin. Milk thistle had lower germination speed and percentage at higher drought stress as compared to black cumin. Generally, milk thistle showed better growth and survival than black cumin due to its higher root and shoot length and dry matter. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
38 - Effects of Drought Stress and Foliar Application of Ascorbic acid, Salicylic acid, Methanol and Post-Harvest Storage on Seed Yield and Seed Vigor of Hyola401 Rapeseed Cultivar
Seyedahmad Kalantarahmadi Ahmad Ali Shoushi DezfouliTo investigate the effect of drought stress and foliar application of ascorbic acid, salicylic acid and methanol, and post-harvest seed deterioration, two separate experiments were carried out as split plot based on randomized complete block design with three replicatio MoreTo investigate the effect of drought stress and foliar application of ascorbic acid, salicylic acid and methanol, and post-harvest seed deterioration, two separate experiments were carried out as split plot based on randomized complete block design with three replications on maternal plants in field conditions and a factorial based on completely randomized design considering by using seed under storage conditions. The main plots were consisted of three irrigation levels, irrigation after 60 mm evaporation from basin, considered as control treatment (optimum irrigation), cessation of irrigation at flowering and silique stages, and sub plots consisted of 10 levels of foliar application, (100, 200, 300 mg.lit-1 ascorbic acid, 100, 200, 300 μmol salicylic acid, 10, 20, 30 vol% methanol and the foliar application with distilled water as control treatment). Seeds obtained of maternal plant were evaluated under no-storage (control) and storage at 40°C for one month. The results showed that foliar application of ascorbic acid (300 mg.lit-1) increased seed yield by 29% under optimum irrigation as compared with non foliar application under the same irrigation condition. Cutting off irrigation of maternal plant decreased radical and plumule weights under both no-storage and one-month storage conditions. The maximum germination percentage belonged to foliar application of ascorbic acid (300 mg.lit-1) under optimum irrigation condition at both no-storage one-month stored seed. The minimum germination percentage belonged to no use of growth regulators application and cessation irrigation at flowering stage. Maternal plants which sprayed with ascorbic acid contained the highest seed weight vigor index at all irrigation treatments. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
39 - Meta-Analytical Study of the Effect of Drought Stress on Cotton’s Performance and its Components in Iran
Azadeh Razaji Farzad Panknejad Maryam Moarefi Abdolmajid Mahdavi Damghani Mohammad Nabi IlkaeeResearches related to the evaluation of the effect of the inputs dates back to long ago in Iran. However, due to the diversity and scattering of the various experimental results, it is difficult to reach to a general conclusion. The present study has made use of meta-an MoreResearches related to the evaluation of the effect of the inputs dates back to long ago in Iran. However, due to the diversity and scattering of the various experimental results, it is difficult to reach to a general conclusion. The present study has made use of meta-analysis to overcome such a problem thereby to blend and reanalyze the findings of independent experiments for achieving a single result. To do so, the scientific-research articles published by the researchers from 1996 up to 2017 inside the country concerning the effect of drought stress on the performance, height and number of bolls in cotton were explored. The extend impact of an each trait is the mean difference of the drought stress results compared with control. The diagrammatic results of the drought stress and performance impact sizes showed that all of the stress levels make significant differences in contrast to the evidence treatment (p < 0.001). Moreover, it was made clear in a contrastive investigation of the diagrammatic results of the height and drought stress impact size and the number of the bolls and drought stress impact sizes that there is a significant difference between the evidence treatment and the total mean, the evidence treatment and 41%-55% of the cultivation capacity and the evidence treatment and 25%-40% of the cultivation capacity. The results of the cumulative diagram of the effect of drought stress on performance, height and number of bolls indicated that the majority of the studies fall on the left side of the diagram which is indicative of the adverse effect of the drought stress on the related traits. In addition, the results of the funnel chart demonstrated that the studies performed in Iran on cotton and drought stress are not much precise (bias and low sample volume). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
40 - Evaluation of Linear and Nonlinear Regression Models to Describe Response of Germination to Temperature in Lentil (Lens culinaris Medik. )
سمانه Rahban Gh. Rassam B. Torabi A. Khoshnood YazdiThis study was carried out to determine the requirements of cardinal temperatures and biological hours for germination of lentil by using different linear and nonlinear regression models. To do this, a split plot experiment based on randomized completely design with fou MoreThis study was carried out to determine the requirements of cardinal temperatures and biological hours for germination of lentil by using different linear and nonlinear regression models. To do this, a split plot experiment based on randomized completely design with four replications was conducted in germinator. Experimental treatments were three lentil cultivars (Gacgsaran, Kimia and Bilehsovar) under seven fixed temperature regimes (5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 and 35°C). Beta, Dent-like and Segmented models were applied to evaluate the relationship between germination rate and temperature. Root mean square deviation (RMSD), coefficient of determination (R2), coefficients of variation (CV (and linear regression coefficients (a, b) were used to detect the perfect model. Results of fitting the models indicated that the response of lentil germination to temperature is best described by a segmented function. Cardinal temperatures estimated by this model were 0.89 to 1.23°C for base temperature, 23.41 to 26.94°C for optimum temperature and 35.15 to 45°C for ceiling temperature. Significant difference in base temperature among cultivars was not observed, but cultivars had significant difference in optimum and ceiling temperatures. Biological hour's requirement for germination ranged between 25.43 to 31.37 hours. The quantitative information provided by this research can be used in prediction of germination of lentil cultivars. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
41 - Investigating Seed Germination Indices and Absorption Rate of Sodium, Chloride, Calcium, and Potassium in Different Parts of Seedlings of Sweet Corn KSC 403 (Zea Mays L var. Saccharata) Under Salinity Stress and Seed Priming
M. Nasrolah alhossini, A. Rahmani S. Khavari KhorasaniTo investigate the effects of different levels of seed priming on germination indices and nutrient absorption at early growth stages of sweet corn (Golden Kernel Hybrid) a factorial experiment based on completely randomized design was conducted with three replications i MoreTo investigate the effects of different levels of seed priming on germination indices and nutrient absorption at early growth stages of sweet corn (Golden Kernel Hybrid) a factorial experiment based on completely randomized design was conducted with three replications in 2011. The experiment consists of 6 levels of primings (seeds without priming, priming with tap water, priming with distilled water, priming with sodium chloride, potassium chloride, and hydrous calcium chloride) and five levels of salinity (zero, 4, 8, 12 and 16 ds/m sodium chloride). The characteristics studied were germination percentage, germination rate, root and shoot length, fresh weight and dry weight of seedling, root to shoot ratio and determination of sodium, chloride, calcium, and potassium concentration in different parts of seedlings (stems, roots and seed). The results indicated that increasing salinity stress levels decreased all parameters measured. Priming seeds with hydrated calcium chloride responded to significantly to salinity stress better than other treatments. Results also showed that increasing concentration of sodium chloride salt, increased absorption rate of sodium but concentration of calcium and potassium were reduced. Because application of hydrous calcium chloride stimulates cell in using calcium under salinity conditions it leads to improved seedling growth parameters. To achieve a more accurate results slicing interaction effect of seed priming×salinity levels was performed. Hydrous calcium chloride treatments improved all traits under study except sodium and potassium concentration. This represents a better performance of seeds germination under salinity stress when seeds primed with hydrous calcium chloride. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
42 - Effects of Accelerated Aging and Acid Scarification of Seed Coat with Hydrochloric Acid on Seed Germination Characteristics of Chickpea c.v. Kaka
R. Sadrabadi HaghighiTo evaluate the effects of accelerated aging and seed coat scarification with Hydrochloric acid (HCl) on seed germination characteristics of chickpea (Cicer arietinum) c.v. Kaka, a factorial experiment was conducted in completely randomized design with two factors in la MoreTo evaluate the effects of accelerated aging and seed coat scarification with Hydrochloric acid (HCl) on seed germination characteristics of chickpea (Cicer arietinum) c.v. Kaka, a factorial experiment was conducted in completely randomized design with two factors in laboratory condition. Factors were three levels of accelerated aging for zero, 24 and 48 hours by 45°C and 100% relative humidity and 8 levels of Hydrochloric acid treatments of seeds (dry seed as chickpea), immersion in 0 (distilled water), 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5 and 3 normal HCl for half an hours. Results showed that accelerated seed aging and HCl treatments both reduced percent and speed of seed germination, epicotyl and root length. Accelerated seed aging increased the negative effects of HCl treatments. Only hydro-priming improved seed germination characteristics in all accelerated aging treatments. On the basis of the results of this experiment, treatment with HCl isn’t a suitable treatment for chickpea seed priming. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
43 - Allelopathic Effect of Essential Oil of Sweet Bay (Laurus nobilis L.) on Germination and Seedling Vigor of Velvetleaf (Abutilon theopharasti L.) and Field Bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis L.)
Bahram MirshekariTo study allelopatic effect of sweet bay essence concentrations (0, 100, 200, 300 and 400 ppm) on germination and early establishment of velvetleaf and field bindweed an experiment was conducted at Islamic Azad University of Tabriz, Iran, during 2013. Results indicated MoreTo study allelopatic effect of sweet bay essence concentrations (0, 100, 200, 300 and 400 ppm) on germination and early establishment of velvetleaf and field bindweed an experiment was conducted at Islamic Azad University of Tabriz, Iran, during 2013. Results indicated that germination percentage of non-treated seeds was 73.3%, and that of treated seeds 64.7%. Plant height at 400 ppm concentration was shorter than other treatments. Mean leaf area per plant of weeds ranged from 13.5 cm2 in control up to 9.7 cm2 in 300 ppm and 400 ppm concertrations. Dry weight per weed plant of the seeds treated with 300 and 400 ppm concentrations was twice lower than of untreated seeds. Vigor index of seedling from seeds treated with 100 and 200 ppm essence and control were 1.5, 1.5 and 2.6 times higher than those treated with 300-400 ppm, respectively. Regression analysis showed that germination percentage, leaf area and dry weight per plant did have higher effect on seedling vigor index. It can be concluded that essential oil of sweet-bay may have potential in controlling weeds, especially in the higher concentrations. Therefor, it could be used in the synthesis of bioherbicides compounds to control weeds. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
44 - Pretreatment of Sesame Seed (Sesamum indicum L.) with Proline and its Effective on Seed Germination and Plant Physiological Defense Systems under Different Temperature Regimes
Nasibeh Tavakoli Ali Ebadi Hourieh Tavakoli Payam TizfahmTo study the effects of proline and temperature on the rates of antioxidant enzymes and germination index, a factorial laboratory experiment based on completely randomized design was conducted with three replications at the Mohaghegh Ardabili University in 2014. Treatme MoreTo study the effects of proline and temperature on the rates of antioxidant enzymes and germination index, a factorial laboratory experiment based on completely randomized design was conducted with three replications at the Mohaghegh Ardabili University in 2014. Treatments cinsisted of three levels of proline (0, 5 and 10 mM) and different temperature regimes (15, 25 and 35°C). Results showed that proline significantly increased germination index, rates of antioxidant enzymes, proline, protein and mobility of food reserves. Exogenous application of proline increased assimilates in the seedlings. However, proline synthesis was decreased at temrature regimes of 15 and35°C as compared to 25 °C. Peroxidase enzyme rate at 25°C was lowere than of 15 and 35 °C and addition of proline increased levels of enzymes at these temperature regemes. Application of 10 mM proline at 25 °C showed the highest activity of catalase and polyphenol oxidase rates. However, rates of these enzymes at 15 and 35°C decreased as compared with that of 25°C. The length of radicle increased at all temperatures regemes and the length of plumule increased by proline, but reduced at temperatures of 15 and 35°C. According to the positive effects of proline on food reserves and seed vigor index, speed and rate of germination, proline, protein and antioxidant enzymes contents of seedlings, it seems that pretreatment of seeds with proline is an appropriate method for better seed germination attributs under these temperatures regemes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
45 - Changes of Germination Properties, Photosynthetic Pigments and Anti Oxidant Enzymes Activity of Safflower as Affected by Drought and Salinity Stresses
علیرضا Sirousmehr J. Bardel S. MohammadiTo evaluate the effects of drought and salinity stresses on some germination characteristics, contents of photosynthetic pigments and antioxidant enzymes (CAT, APX and GPX) in the leaves of safflower, a factorial experiment based on CRD was conducted during 2012 at both MoreTo evaluate the effects of drought and salinity stresses on some germination characteristics, contents of photosynthetic pigments and antioxidant enzymes (CAT, APX and GPX) in the leaves of safflower, a factorial experiment based on CRD was conducted during 2012 at both laboratory and greenhouse of Zabol University with four replications. To expose the plants to drought (0, -6 and -8 bars) and salinity stresses (5, 10 and 15 ds.m-1) PEG 6000 and NaCl were used respectively. The results indicated that the effects of factors on germination percentage and rate, chlorophyll a and b contents and antioxidants enzymes activities were significant. The result of laboratory study revealed a reduction in percentage and speed of germination when plants exposed to negative osmotic potential. Photosynthetic pigments of plant leaves grown in greenhouse significantly decreased by increasing drought and salinity stresses. Increasing drought stress along with soluble salts changed the activity of some antioxidant enzymes. Enzymes’ activity of both CAT and GPX were increased when the plants expose to PEG drought stress, but decreased against the levels of salt stress. APX activity also increased due to drought stress. Interactive effects of drought×salinity stresses indicated that under lower stress GPX enzymes increased salinity, and under severe stress APX was highly increased. It means the production and activity of plant defensive system like these enzymes in recent tensions and leads to protect or make plants tolerate against oxidative stress induced by drought and salinity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
46 - Investigation the Effect of the Application of Single and Mixing of Propyzamide and Ethofumesate Herbicides in the Control of Dodder (Cuscuta Campestris), Grass and Broad Leaves Weeds of Sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.)
Sayyed Mahdi Hosseyni Hossein Najafi Behzad Sani Hamid MozafariIn order to investigation the effect of the application of single and mixing of propyzamide and ethofumesate herbicides in the control of dodder, grass and broad leaves weeds of sugar beet, three experiment carried out at the greenhouse of sugar beet seed breeding resea MoreIn order to investigation the effect of the application of single and mixing of propyzamide and ethofumesate herbicides in the control of dodder, grass and broad leaves weeds of sugar beet, three experiment carried out at the greenhouse of sugar beet seed breeding research institute in 2017. The experiments were performed in a completely randomized design with 30, 10 and 9 treatments and four replications, respectively. Result showed that the effect of mixing different doses of Propyzamide and Ethofumesate herbicides and species of different area dodder on all studied traits in the present study was significant 1%. In general, the percentage of final germination (82.7%), daily germination rate (0.18 days) and the percentage of connection of Ardabil dodder to the host plan (82.7%) were higher than Alborz and Qom species. The highest percentage of weed conection of the dodder to the sugar beet was observed in the treat that cultivation distance of 5 cm. Application of Propisamide 2.5 L.ha-1 and Propisamide 1.5 L.ha-1 + Ethofumesate 1 L.ha-1 in connecting the dodder to the host, compared to Ethofumesate could control of dodder weeds (100%) and reduction of fresh and dry weights, density and chlorophyll of thin and broad leaveas weed and increased leaf chlorophyll and yield of sugar beet in green house condition. Therefore, the application of these treatments can be used in the control of parasitic, thin and broad leaves weed of sugar beet and application Propisamide 1.5 L.ha-1 + Ethofumesate 1 L.ha-1 in connecting the dodder to the host, can be considered in addition to the mentioned effects and in reducing the environmental effects of the use of chemical herbicides. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
47 - Effect of Planting Date on Yield and Different Trait Variations of Seeds from Cotton Pickings of Varamin Cultivar
Abbas Abhari Esmaeil Gholinezhad Ali Rahemi KarizakiThe objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of sowing and picking dates on lint yield and its component, germination and seed vigor of Varamin cultivar of cotton. To this end, experiments were carried out as split-plot in time based on randomized complete bl MoreThe objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of sowing and picking dates on lint yield and its component, germination and seed vigor of Varamin cultivar of cotton. To this end, experiments were carried out as split-plot in time based on randomized complete block design with three replications at the cotton fields of Kizor in Sabzvar in 2013. Treatments were four sowing dates (May 8, May 20, Jun 2 and Jun 14 of 2013) and two picking dates (the harvest date of first picking for first to fourth planting dates were September23, September29, October 14 and October 27. The harvest dates of second picking for first to fourth planting dates were October 7, October 12, October 24 and November 11). Standard germination and cool germination tests for different temperatures were also performed. 1000-seed weight, number of normal seedlings and dry weight of normal seedlings were measured. Results showed that the effect of planting date, picking and their interaction effects on lint yield, seed thousand weight, number of bolls per plant, single plant weight, number of normal seedlings, dry weight of normal seedlings, germination percent, lint length and electrical conductivity were found to be significant. Highest (3693.3 kg.ha-1) and lowest (1023.00 kg.ha-1) lint yields obtained from the first picking of first planting and second picking of fourth planting, respectively. The number of normal seedlings and dry weight of normal seedlings didn’t follow a special process in standard germination test, but the number of normal seedlings produced from cool germination test of first picking with delay in sowing date was decreased in a linear form. The number of normal seedlings from alternate temperatures (one week in 18°C and the other week in 28°C) “except the first sowing date” was decreased. Results showed that by delaying sowing date (at the range of this study) seed vigor decreased. According to the results of this research, the first planting date (May 8) could be recommeded for growing Varamin cultivar for higher lint yield to this region. But, for seed production, the first picking of second planting date (May 20) is recommended. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
48 - Effect of Salicylic Acid and Ethephon on Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of Wheat under Salt Stress
Soheyla Shakeri Fatemeh Saeid Nematpour Akbar Safipour AfsharWater or soil salinities are the most important factors that reduce the seed germination of plants. Ethephon can break seed dormancy in a variety of plants, such as cereals and speeds up germination. In some plants pretreatment of seeds with salicylic acid has increased MoreWater or soil salinities are the most important factors that reduce the seed germination of plants. Ethephon can break seed dormancy in a variety of plants, such as cereals and speeds up germination. In some plants pretreatment of seeds with salicylic acid has increased the germination percentage. To study effect of salicylic acid and ethephon on seed germination of wheat (Seivand cultivar) under salinity condition a factorial experiment in a completely randomized design with three replications was conducted at the Plant Research Laboratory of Neyshabur Branch of Islamic Azad University in 2011. Four salinity levels (0, 50, 100, 150 mM), three salicylic acid levels (0, 0.5, 1 mM) and four ethephon levels (0, 0.5, 1, 2 mM) were used. The results showed that at salinity condition seed germination rate and percentage, shoot and root length, their dry weight and α-amylase activity decreased and proline content increased. Pretreatment of seeds by salicylic acid increased seed germination percentage, some growth parameters, α-amylase activity and proline content under salinity condition. Moreover, pretreatment of seeds by ethephon decreased some growth parameters and increased proline content but its effect on germination and α-amylase activity were not significant. It seems that Salicylic acid as a plant growth regulator under salinity condition and ethephon convertion to ethylene, activated plant tolerance mechanisms to salinity condition and decrease damaging effect of salinity on seed germination and seedling growth of wheat. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
49 - Potassium Humate as a Factor for Decreasing Deterioration of Wheat’s Seed
Ali Tamjid Reza ShahryariSeeds could be deteriorated during storage. Treatment of seeds by humic acid induces metabolic and biochemical changes which accelerate seed germination and its emergence. This research was carried out to evaluate the effect of seed pretreatment potassium humate on its MoreSeeds could be deteriorated during storage. Treatment of seeds by humic acid induces metabolic and biochemical changes which accelerate seed germination and its emergence. This research was carried out to evaluate the effect of seed pretreatment potassium humate on its deterioration under laboratory and greenhouse conditions. The experiment was carried out in a 5 × 4 × 3 factorial experiment using completely randomized design with three replications. Experimental factors were three levels of potassium humate (control, one and two parts per 1000 potassium humate), four wheat varieties (Shirodi, Darya, Morvarid and Chamran) and five heating times (zero, 48, 72, 96 and 144 hours). Results showed significant differences in simple effect of variety and effect of potassium humate × heating times for shoot length; simple effect of heating times and effect of potassium humate × varieties for germination percent; effect of potassium humate × varieties × heating times for radicle length, shoot dry weight, seminal roots dry weight and seedling dry weight. Pretreatment of seeds by using 2/1000 potassium humate produced × longest radicle roots in Shirodi, Darya, Morvarid and Chamran respectively with 72, 72, 144 and 96 hours heating times. The highest root dry weight was produced by 2/1000 potassium humate and 48 and 72 hours of heating times on Shirodi and Chamran, respectively. Application of 1/1000 of potassium humate produced the highest seedling dry weight in Shirodi, Darya and Morvarid with 48, 72 hours of heating times and without heating, respectively. Results also revealed that different varieties responded differently to potassium humate treatment at different heating times. It can be concluded that longer heating durations affected wheat characters at early growth stages and pretreatment of seeds by potassium humate can decrease seed deterioration. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
50 - Study of seed germination properties and determination of cardinal temperatures of Bitter Apple ( Citrullus colocynthis L.) as a medicinal plant
Hamid Marvi محمد آرمینBitter apple (Citrullus colocynthis) is one of the medicinal plant that grows in semi-arid and desert condition which have been used in traditional medicine. There is a few research on cardinal temperatures of Bitter apple in the literature. In order to determine Germi MoreBitter apple (Citrullus colocynthis) is one of the medicinal plant that grows in semi-arid and desert condition which have been used in traditional medicine. There is a few research on cardinal temperatures of Bitter apple in the literature. In order to determine Germination characteristics and cardinal temperatures for Bitter apple, a laboratory experiment was down in petri dish based on completely randomized design with four replications. The experimental treatments were nine different temperatures (5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45 °c). The measured traits were germination percentage, germination rate and mean germination time. Cardinal temperature was calculated using dental, dual, and beta functions. The results showed that with increasing temperature up to 30 ° C, percentage and germination speed increased. The highest germination percentage (70%) and germination rate (2.8 seeds / day) were observed at 30 ° C. The lowest germination time (4.48 days) was observed at 30°C. The base, favorite and maximum temperatures (cardinal temperatures) for this plant were12, 30 and 45 °c, respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
51 - Effect of salinity stress on germination and seedling characteristics of Artemisia annua L.
Mohammad Hosein Bijeh Keshavarzi Heshmat OmidiSalinity stress is a significant factor that imposes limitations on the growth and productivity of crops. Like other living organisms, plants are susceptible to various stresses and can suffer damage when exposed to them.Under conditions of salinity stress, the stages o MoreSalinity stress is a significant factor that imposes limitations on the growth and productivity of crops. Like other living organisms, plants are susceptible to various stresses and can suffer damage when exposed to them.Under conditions of salinity stress, the stages of germination and seedling growth become particularly crucial in the life cycle of plants.Artemisia annua L., an important medicinal plant with a long history of use in traditional Iranian and other Asian medicine, was the subject of investigation in this research.The aim was to examine the impact of salinity stress on the germination process(both in terms of percentage and rate)and the characteristics of seedlings(such as radicle length,plumule length, fresh weight, and dry weight)in Artemisia annua L.The study was carried out in 2023,employing a completely randomized design with four replications at the Department of Agronomy in Shahid University.The experimental treatments consisted of four levels of salinity(0,50,100,and150 mM)induced by sodium chloride salt.The data obtained were analyzed using SAS software, and the means were compared utilizing the Duncan test at a 5%probability level.The findings of this experiment demonstrated that the control treatment(without salinity)exhibited the highest percentage and speed of germination, as well as the longest radicle and plumule lengths, and the greatest fresh and dry weights of the seedlings.Germination was not observed at concentrations of 150mM and higher.Hence, based on the outcomes of this study, it can be concluded that salinity stress has an adverse impact on the germination process and seedling growth of Artemisia annua L.,revealing the plant's heightened sensitivity to salinity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
52 - The effect of nutrient seed priming with iron sulfate and zinc sulfate on the germination and seedling growth of lentil seeds
Mohammad Vahdani Rashvanloi Majid Jami Al-Ahmadi Mohammad Hasan Sayyari Zahan Hadi Shourideh Moslem MostafaeeIn a laboratory study, the effect of seed nutritional pretreatment on germination and seedling growth traits of lentil (Lens culinaris Med.) in the form of two separate experiments in the form of a completely randomized design with three replications for two pretreatmen MoreIn a laboratory study, the effect of seed nutritional pretreatment on germination and seedling growth traits of lentil (Lens culinaris Med.) in the form of two separate experiments in the form of a completely randomized design with three replications for two pretreatment materials [prime with iron sulfate (FeSO4) and zinc sulfate (ZnSO4) ] were investigated. In each experiment and for each prime material, five levels of prime material concentration (30, 60, 90, 120 and 150 mM) were considered. The measured traits were germination percentage and speed, length of root and shoot, wet and dry weight of seedling, and longitudinal root index of seedling. The results of the data showed that in terms of the type of pretreatment, iron sulfate was superior to zinc sulfate and caused the major improvement of the germination indicators, except for the germination speed. Also, by increasing the concentration from 30 to 60 mM, the highest indicators of germination and seedling growth were obtained. However, with a further increase in the concentration of the pre-treatment material, a decreasing trend was observed in all the measured traits, which could possibly be due to the toxicity in the seeds under high concentrations of metals. In general, according to the obtained results, it seems that the use of these two substances, especially iron sulfate, with a maximum concentration of 60 mM, is beneficial for improving the germination and nutritional characteristics of seeds. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
53 - Evaluation of genetic diversity in some bread wheat genotypes under drought stress conditions using germination stage indices
زهرا مروتی محمد نورانیIn order to investigate phenotypic and genotypic correlations between Characteristics affecting the germination stage and genetic variation and estimating the genetic parameters of these indices in Drought and normal conditions, 19 genotypes of bread wheat were cultivat MoreIn order to investigate phenotypic and genotypic correlations between Characteristics affecting the germination stage and genetic variation and estimating the genetic parameters of these indices in Drought and normal conditions, 19 genotypes of bread wheat were cultivated inCompletely randomized design with three replications in the Laboratories, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding of Agricultural Research Campus Natural Resources of Razi University of Kermanshah, Iran In the germination stage was evaluated. The results of variance analysis (ANOVA) showed significant differences for the Germination Percentage (GP), coleoptile Length (KL), Mean Germination Time (MGT), Cofficent of Velocity of Germination (CVG), Average Velocity of Germination (AVG) and Vigor index (SV) under stress and normal condition indicating. The presence of a considerable genotypic variation and possibility of selection of drought tolerant genotypes. The presence of a considerable genotypic variation and possibility of selection of drought tolerant genotypes. According to the biplot obtained in the laboratory conditions (germination test) genotype (16) was located in group A. A high positive genetic and phenotypic relation was observed between GP, AVG, SV and RL, which is completely in line with results of the relation between traits by GTbiplot. High heritability and genetic gain were observed for GP, AVG and SV that reflect the additive gene action. Accordingly, the selection method for studied traits in examined genotypes effective. Cluster analysis using Ward method, based on the traits, classified the genotypes in three different groups. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
54 - Evaluation of the effect of priming on germination and growth characteristics of sugar beet cultivars (Beta Vulgaris L) under salinity conditions
Seyed GholamReza Salehi حشمت امیدی Mehdi Hasani Mohammad Hosein Bijeh KeshavarziThis study aims to investigate the effect of priming treatments (control without priming, hydropriming, priming with 0.25% potassium nitrate and priming with 0.5% potassium nitrate) on the germination characteristics of sugar beet cultivars and growth characteristics un MoreThis study aims to investigate the effect of priming treatments (control without priming, hydropriming, priming with 0.25% potassium nitrate and priming with 0.5% potassium nitrate) on the germination characteristics of sugar beet cultivars and growth characteristics under five levels of salinity (0, 4, 8, 12, and 16 dS/m) on germination and seedling growth in four replicates in a petri dish in laboratory conditions as a factorial experiment based on a completely randomized design. The results showed that the effect of seed priming and salinity stress on the average germination time, germination speed coefficient, germination variance, germination uniformity, root length, stem length, stem and root dry weight, water content relatively, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and carotenoids were significant. The results showed that in all three genotypes, the number of germinated seeds decreased with the increase in salinity level, and in the control levels and the use of water as a priming factor, this decrease was moderated. With the increase of salt concentration up to 12 ds level, the relative water content increased sigmoidally and showed a relatively stable trend at two levels of 12 and 16 ds. In most of the investigated traits, Shokofa variety has shown less reaction than other genotypes. In the investigation of the reaction process of genotypes to the speed, variance and homogeneity of germination in prime and salinity levels, it has shown a decrease with increasing salinity concentration. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
55 - Evaluation of seed vigor index Artemisia absinthium L., Arcitum lappa L. and Cichorium intybus L. in salinity conditions
منصوره قوام حسین اذرنیوندEnvironmental stresses , drought and salinity are important factors in reducing the yield . Various aspects of the impact of salinity on growth and reduced and delayed germination, reduced vigor, reduced shoot growth and biomass production is reduced . Check -critical p MoreEnvironmental stresses , drought and salinity are important factors in reducing the yield . Various aspects of the impact of salinity on growth and reduced and delayed germination, reduced vigor, reduced shoot growth and biomass production is reduced . Check -critical power plants against various stresses such as salinity key factor in the success of mass cultivation of plants. In this study, vigor index Tuesday herb Arcitum lappa ( burdock ), Artemisia absinthium ( wormwood ) and Cichorium intybus ( chicory ) under salinity treatments of 0, 100 , 200 , 300 and 400 mM NaCl in a completely randomized design with four replications ofcontrol treatment ( salinity ), respectively. results obtained indicate that the highest level of vigor index of Cichorium intybus and equal treatment 0 to 85.84 percent. , but the character of the house has been treated with 300 mM after seed vigor is almost zero . generally can be studied species in terms of seed vigor under saline conditions cited as follows : Cichorium intybus> Artemisia absinthium> Arcitum lappa In fact, most of the species Cichorium intybus bodied than others, and so Arcitum lappa most weak in terms of salinity and the lowest viability for germination. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
56 - Study of different methods of seed dormancy and determine the Planting depth in Alhagi camelorum
foad chopan amin mahmodian vahid aranian hamid niknahadThe species of Alhagi camelorum is a family of Papilionaceae and legumes. A.camelorum is important and dominant in saline areas of Golestan province which is important for forage production, soil conservation and medicinal value. In nature, the seed germination percenta MoreThe species of Alhagi camelorum is a family of Papilionaceae and legumes. A.camelorum is important and dominant in saline areas of Golestan province which is important for forage production, soil conservation and medicinal value. In nature, the seed germination percentage for this species is low. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of different treatments of sulfuric acid, boiling water, scrub, and control on the failure seed dormancy and seed germination. Seeds of this species were collected from its natural habitat in Aq-qala, Golestan province. The effects of different treatments of sulfuric acid (15 min, 20 min, 25 min), 100-degree boiling (2 minutes and 4 minutes), scrubbing and control were investigated with 4 replications. The results of this study indicated that sulfuric acid had the most effect on germination (15 min) (89%). Other treatments were 25% Sulfuric Acid with 86%, Sulfuric Acid for 20 minutes with 75%, 2 min with 67%, 4 minutes with 36%, 20% and 6% for germination. Also, the results of this study indicated that the most suitable planting depth for this species is 2 cm. In all measured parameters, the lowest amount was obtained in the control treatment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
57 - Effects of seed coating methods on seed germination of Lathyrus sativus in different moisture stress levels and sowing depths
Mohammadbagher Nahidi hamidreza mehrabi ali ariapoorEffects of seed coating methods on seed germination of Lathyrus sativus in different moisture stress levels and sowing depths Nahidi.Mohamad.Bagher*[1], Mehrabi.Hamid.Reza[2], Ariapoor.Ali[3] Abstract This research performed in order to consider coa MoreEffects of seed coating methods on seed germination of Lathyrus sativus in different moisture stress levels and sowing depths Nahidi.Mohamad.Bagher*[1], Mehrabi.Hamid.Reza[2], Ariapoor.Ali[3] Abstract This research performed in order to consider coating ways of seed on germination power of pasture spicy in Lathyrus sativus and variety condition of humidity tensions and planting depth region Borujerd. This model was carried out on factorial experiment and completely accidental of model shape with three repetitions. Present treatment of soil wetness (dryness tension) used in three levels 9%, 14% and 21%of dry soil weight, planting depth treatment in 2levels of third identical seed diameter and sowing in level and covering treatment in four levels of witness without cover(Nc), material with organic base(Oc) material with Hydrogen base(Hc) and material with mineral base (Cc). Above activities were done by using of different tests like variance analysis and Donken multi scopes test. The results among main impacts of treatments on germination percentage showed that, soil moisture percent and sowing depth bad connection less than hundredth in meaningful level. Connection didn’t observe between seed coating with germination percentage of species plant. Triplicate Reciprocal influences indicate that root length has been more in 21% of moisture level, shallow of deep cultivation and 21percent in moisture level, sowing depth triplicate seed diameter in all covering treatments of seed than to 14% and 9% of moisture levels in surface sowing depth and triplicate of seed diameter. In 9%and14% of moisture levels in surface sowing depth indicate that condition didn’t perform or carried out a little in germination percentage factor. Key Words: Lathyrus sativus, Germination percentage, Moisture tension, Sowing depth. [1] - corresponding author: master of science at natural science, Boroujerd branch, Islamic Azad university. Email:Mohammadbaghernahidi@gmail.com [2] -Department of Range Management, Borujerd Branch, Islamic Azad University, Borujerd, Iran. [3] -Department of Range Management, Borujerd Branch, Islamic Azad University, Borujerd, Iran Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
58 - Influence of cutting source and hormone on germination stimulation in woody cutting of large-leaf linden
Arash Amini Masoud Tabari Seyed Mohsen Hosseini Hamed YiusefzadehIn this research the effect of cutting source (shoot, and suckers) and IBA hormone (0, 1000, 3000, 5000 and 10000 mg/l) on stimulation of germination was conducted in winter woody of large-leaf linden or large-leaved lime (Tilia platyphyllos Scop.). The experiment was p MoreIn this research the effect of cutting source (shoot, and suckers) and IBA hormone (0, 1000, 3000, 5000 and 10000 mg/l) on stimulation of germination was conducted in winter woody of large-leaf linden or large-leaved lime (Tilia platyphyllos Scop.). The experiment was performed as randomized complete block design with three replications of for 47 days in a sheltered place in Tonekabon plain (north of Iran). Results showed that the source of the cutting on germination percent, germination speed, mean germination time and germination power, and the effect of hormone on germination speed were significant. Stimulation of germination at both cutting sources started after 24 days of planting and ended during three weeks. The shoot cuttings imbibed with 3000 mg/l IBA and the sucker cuttings imbibed with 5000 mg/l IBA caused germination of 91/66 and 100 percent, respectively. Regardless of cutting source, the cuttings imbibed with 3000 and 5000 mg/l were more favorable for germination speed. During this period, no rooting occurred in cuttings. It is recommended for rooting of large-leaf linden cutting (especially with the sucker source), the humidity and heat of greenhouse and soil of pots to be more closely monitored by future researchers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
59 - Germination two rangelands species of Helichrysumglobiferum and Helichrysumaucheri under water stress
zeinab jafarian elahe ahmadiAbstract Arid and semi-arid rangelands are formed the most areas of Iran, hence it is necessary to be tolerant the plants of this region against drought. Using of resistant species to drought is vital for improving and developing of the rangelands. In this study, we ev MoreAbstract Arid and semi-arid rangelands are formed the most areas of Iran, hence it is necessary to be tolerant the plants of this region against drought. Using of resistant species to drought is vital for improving and developing of the rangelands. In this study, we evaluated the effects of drought stress on Helichrysum globiferom and Helichrysum aucheri germination properties. Seeds of two species were collected of Qushchy rangelands in 70 kilometers of the old road of Urmia –Karabakh. A factorial experimental design with four repeats and four salinity levels (0-50-100-150 mM PEG) in Seed Ecology laboratory of Sari Natural Resource Faculty was chosen. Results showed that drought stress had a significant subtractive effect on percentage and speed of germination, stem, and plant and root length in two Species. About all studied traits, the species of Helichrysum globiferom had more reduction properties than Helichrysum aucheri species. The ratio of Root to shoot length (allometric coefficient) also was the highest in Helichrysum globiferom. So the highest decrease in both species was observed in germination in treatment 100 and 150 mM because in this treatment no seed is germination. Therefore, as the species of Helichrysum globiferom is more resistant than another one, it is suggested to use it for improving and developing of rangelands. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
60 - Effects of altitiudinal variation on physical and physiological characteristics of Alder seeds (Alnus Subcordata C.A.M) (Case study Vaz forest management plan-District 1)
ghahreman Rezai فرشاد Yezdian فرزاد farzad.shafizadeh@yahoo.com M.A HedayatiIn order to survey on trends of physical and physiological changes, Alder seeds were collected from different altitudes (200-2000 masl) with a 500 m intervals from Vaz watershed forests around Nour city, Mazandaran province. After cleaning, seed traits such as moisture MoreIn order to survey on trends of physical and physiological changes, Alder seeds were collected from different altitudes (200-2000 masl) with a 500 m intervals from Vaz watershed forests around Nour city, Mazandaran province. After cleaning, seed traits such as moisture content (MC%), 1000 seed weight (TSW), seed and fruit dimentions, germination and empty seed percent were determined at seed lab of Caspian forest tree seed centre. Data were analysed by One Way ANOVA based on Duncan test with SPSS. According to results of this survey, all traits were sensible at 99% except of germination (95%). As, the highest MC% were recorded at 1500 m.a.s.l (14%) and the lowest at 200, 2000 m.a.s.l (6.6, 7.2 res). 1000 SW were increased till 1500 masl, then reduced at 2000 m.a.s.l. The highest (0.18 gr) and the lowest (0.1 gr) TSW were recorded at 1500 and 200 m.a.s.l res. The longest (2 cm) and the widest (1.38 cm) fruit were grown at 1500 and the shortest (1.3 cm) and the narrowest (.74 cm) at 200 m.a.s.l. Germination didn't show any special corelation with altitude. The highest (62%) were registered at 1500 m.a.s.l and the lowest (23%) at 200 m.a.s.l. According to the resuts of germination the highest empty seeds (62%) were found at 200 m.a.s.l and the lowest (23%) At 1500 m.a.s.l. Results of this investigation showed that the quality of Alder seeds increased to 1500 m.a.s.l. and then decreased slightly. It seems that similar investigation on the seeds of this species in Caspian region conducted to preparing of seed quality map which is an indicator of forest quality. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
61 - Evaluation of seed vigor index of three plants of Artemisia absinthium L. , Arcitum lappa L. and Cichorium intybus L. Salinity conditions
منصوره ghavam حسین azarnivandEnvironmental stresses of drought and salinity of the most important causes of yield loss factors are high plants in the world. Salinity affects the growth of the different aspects and reduce and delay germination, vigor reduction, reduced growth and reduced aboveground MoreEnvironmental stresses of drought and salinity of the most important causes of yield loss factors are high plants in the world. Salinity affects the growth of the different aspects and reduce and delay germination, vigor reduction, reduced growth and reduced aboveground dry matter production in throughput. Determination of seed vital medicinal plants against various stresses including salinity of the main factors in the success of mass cultivation of plants. The seed vigor three medicinal plants Arcitum lappa L., Artemisia absinthium L. and Cichorium intybus L. by salinity, 0, 100, 200, 300 and 400 NaCl mM was completely randomized design with four replications. Results show that the highest seed vigor in control of the species L. Cichorium intybus L. with 84.85 percent. But this trait of treatment with 300 mM onwards has been fixed and seed vigor almost to zero. L Cichorium intybus L. has the highest vigor and viability of Arcitum lappa L. the least vigor and germination is under salt stress. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
62 - Assessment of effect different levels of CuSo4 and Pb(NO3)2 on seed germination and growth of Agropyron trichophrum
mehrnoosh parsa Saeedi Goraghany Hamid Reza Ali Asghar HashemiAbstract The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of different levels of Cu and Pb on seed germination and growth of Agropyron trichophrum species under laboratory conditions. In order to evaluate the effect of these factors on germination and growth of Agr MoreAbstract The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of different levels of Cu and Pb on seed germination and growth of Agropyron trichophrum species under laboratory conditions. In order to evaluate the effect of these factors on germination and growth of Agropyron trichophrum seeds of these two tests in a completely randomized design with five treatments (0, 20, 50, 100 and 150 ppm) of salinity and drought in four replications. The study of germinated seeds per day, percentage and germination rate and growth rate is calculated by measuring was determined whether Radicle length, Plumble length Alomtric and Seed vigor. For statistical analysis of data from different characteristics of germination and early growth of SPSS20software. In this study, analysis of variance was used to compare the averages Duncan method. The results showed that different concentrations of copper sulfate (CuSo4) and lead nitrate (Pb(NO3)2) the index of germination and growth of seeds Agropyron trichophrum species have significantly different treatments with increasing concentrations of copper, germination present, Radicle length, Plumble length Alomtric and Seed vigor of plants or reduced. Also, none of the elements lead and copper had no significant effect on the Alomtric index and low concentrations of these elements are not the limiting factor for the growth of this species Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
63 - Seed germination and phytochemical variations of two Iranian borage (Echium amuenum Fisch & C.A.Mey) under the influence of cultivation location
Manijeh Khorsandi Aghaii Azim Ghasemnezhad javad Mousavizade Esmaeil Babakhanzadeh sajiraniIranianborage (Echium amoenum) is one of the most important plants of Boragicaceae. In order to determine the most suitable method of overcoming seed dormancy of this plant, the present study was conducted in two different experiments. The first experiment was carried o MoreIranianborage (Echium amoenum) is one of the most important plants of Boragicaceae. In order to determine the most suitable method of overcoming seed dormancy of this plant, the present study was conducted in two different experiments. The first experiment was carried out using seeds collected from Mashhad and Javaherdeh based on a factorial study with three replications. Pretreatments were seed treatment at 4° C for 7, 14, and 21 consecutive days under refrigerated temperature, seed treatment with 500 ppm gibberellic acid for 24 hours, and seed treatment with 50% sulfuric acid for 10 minutes. The second experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design in time and location in two years and two locations of Gorgan and Mashhad. The experiment was carried out to evaluate the effect of climate on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the flower. Results showed that Iranian borage seed has physiological dormancy since the maximum seed germination percentage was obtained by applying pre-cooling treatments in 7 days. Comparison of the two locations revealed more favorable flower yield and secondary metabolite accumulation (anthocyanin, antioxidant, phenol and flavonoid) in plants cultivated in Mashhad region. Therefore, due to the relative resistance of the plant to water deficit, the cultivation of this plant in Mashhad is suggested to be further evaluated. Also, pre-treatment of 7 days of moist chilling is also recommended to facilitate the germination uniformity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
64 - Investigation of salinity stress effect on germination of 18 strains wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Mahboobeh Riahi Akbar Mostajeran Mehran MiroliaeiSalinity is a major environmental stress that causes severe damage to crops and horticultural crops and also reduces plant biodiversity. In order to study the resistance to salinity during seed germination and early growth, 18 strains of wheat cultivars (Triticum aestiv MoreSalinity is a major environmental stress that causes severe damage to crops and horticultural crops and also reduces plant biodiversity. In order to study the resistance to salinity during seed germination and early growth, 18 strains of wheat cultivars (Triticum aestivum L.; Including car, non-indigenous and hybrid carcasses) were investigated at four levels of control, 100, 200 and 250 mM sodium chloride. The experiments were conducted with a complete randomized block design in three replications in the research laboratory of department of Biology, University of Isfahan, 2015. The results showed that with increasing NaCl level in the culture media, germination indices were affected with more intense. Comparison of mean traits showed that different cultivars of wheat had different reactions. These cultivars were classified in two groups, so that Sorghtoghm, Hamon, Sivand, Bezostaya, Sepahan and Roshan were placed in resistant groups and Ghods, Guspard, Karaj and Navid cultivars were placed in sensitive and low dendrogram groups. Sorghtoghm and Ghods were shown to have the highest and lowest index for germination stress index (GSI) and salinity tolerance index (STI) respectively. The results showed that the different levels of salinity had significant effects on germination percent, germination rate, seedlings stem and root length, root, and shoot dry weight. All measured variables showed a significant decrease with increasing salinity level. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
65 - Effect of gibberellic and salicylic acid on germination improvement and seedling resistance of Cassia angustifolia vahl. under allelopathic stress of eucalyptus camaldulensis compounds
Morteza Saberi vahid karimian Mehdi AranThe aim of this study was to investigate the effects of gibberellic and salicylic acid on germination improvement and protection of Cassia angustifolia under allelopathic stress of Eucalyptus camaldulensis compounds in laboratory conditions. Treatments consisted of pret MoreThe aim of this study was to investigate the effects of gibberellic and salicylic acid on germination improvement and protection of Cassia angustifolia under allelopathic stress of Eucalyptus camaldulensis compounds in laboratory conditions. Treatments consisted of pretreatment with gibberellic acid (125, 250, and 500 ppm) and salicylic acid (100, 200, and 300 mg / l), and 5 concentrations of extracted allelopathic compounds of eucalyptus aerial and terrestrial organs (0, 25, 50, 75, and 100 mg / l). Each treatment had four replications and a factorial experiment in completely randomized design was performed. Results of analysis of variance indicated that the interaction effect of pretreatment and allelopathy on all measured traits was significant (p≤0.01). Means comparison showed that eucalyptus extract has allelopathic inhibitory effects on seed germination and early growth of Cassia angustifolia seedlings such that seed pre-treatment with chemical stimulants improved germination percentage and speed and also early growth of seedlings. Seed pre-treatment with gibberellic acid 500 ppm had the best effect on improvement of germination and early growth of seedlings. Overall, the results showed that Cassia angustifolia's response to seed pre-treatment with gibberellic acid was positive, and the seed pretreatment technique with gibberellic acid 500 ppm before planting decreased significantly the inhibitory effects of eucalyptus allopathic compounds at germination stage. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
66 - Investigation the effect of different treatments of seed dormancy breaking on germination Taverniera cuneifolia
Mohammad Pichand Ghasem Ali Dianati Tilaki Hossein MoradiThe genus Taverniera from Fabaceae family is one of the most valuable plant species compatible with desert areas, which is very important in terms of forage production, soil conservation, and medicinal properties. The current research was carried out to investigate the MoreThe genus Taverniera from Fabaceae family is one of the most valuable plant species compatible with desert areas, which is very important in terms of forage production, soil conservation, and medicinal properties. The current research was carried out to investigate the effect of different treatments on seed dormancy breaking and germination stimulation of taverniera cuneifolia. Dormancy breaking treatments included H2SO4 (50% and 75% for 5 and 10 min.), scarification with sandpaper (for 1 min.), KNO3 (0.1% and 0.2% for 24 and 48 h.), hot water (70 and 90 ℃, each for 15 min.) and hydropriming (for 36 h.) with three replications. Results revealed that H2SO4 (75% for 5 min.) led to the highest germination speed and seed vigor index and the lowest mean germination time. Also, maximum germination percentage (78%) was observed under this treatment. Scarification with sandpaper also exhibited considerable effect on the germination percentage (76%). Thus, H2SO4 (75% for 5 min.) and scarification with sandpaper would be suggested as the most efficient treatments to break seed dormancy of Taverniera cuneifolia. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
67 - Selection of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes under salt stress condition
Abbasali NouriniaWheat is a moderately tolerant plant to salinity stress, but its genotypes have difference in tolerance range in saline circumstance. In order to evaluate of breed wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes under saline and normal conditions, an experiment was conducted in MoreWheat is a moderately tolerant plant to salinity stress, but its genotypes have difference in tolerance range in saline circumstance. In order to evaluate of breed wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes under saline and normal conditions, an experiment was conducted in 2004 in Golestan agriculture research center. In this research 25 genotypes were evaluated in lab and farm. In lab phase, germination test was arranged in randomized complete block design with three replication in two environments (saline by NaCl with 10dS/m and distilled water with 0 dS/m) and some seed and seedling characteristica as well as root and shoot length, root and shoot dry weight, germination percent were evaluated. In filed experiment seed yield, Cl-, Na+and K+ ions accumulation were measured and some parameters were consist of Stress Tolerance Index (STI), Sensitive Index (SSI) and TOL were calculated. Results indicated that there were significant difference in germination traits among genotype (P<0.05). It was shown that STI is the best parameters for tolerance in genotype selection. IAS58/4/KAL/BB//CJ71/3/ALD/5/CNR/6/BAU/7/BAU/8/BR23/PF, TNMU/SKAUZ SITE/ORL-9127 PRINIA//LIRA/TAN, OPATA85//VEE#5"S"/SARA, TAJAN genotypes have higher tolerance in saline condition and then it could be selected as superior genotypes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
68 - Evaluation of effects of seed size and seed deterioration on seed germination and seedling growth of wheat
حسین AjamNorouzi افشین Soltani A.A NoriniaIn other to evaluation of effects of seed size, and deterioration of the Seedling germination and growth of wheat in a laboratory test in year 2008 at Agricultural laboratory of Islamic Azad University of Gorgan branch. The experimental design was factorial (5×3), MoreIn other to evaluation of effects of seed size, and deterioration of the Seedling germination and growth of wheat in a laboratory test in year 2008 at Agricultural laboratory of Islamic Azad University of Gorgan branch. The experimental design was factorial (5×3), in the form in randomized completed design with 3 replications. Conducted seed size in 3 levels (Small, medium and Large) and seed deterioration in 5 levels (0, 10, 20, 30, and 40 days in 40oC). Results indicated that treatments were 0, 10, 20, 30, and 40 days of deterioration germination percentage maximum, day until 50% germination, root length, root, weight and shoot drymather, hetrotrophy weight decreased with increase in deterioration period. too results indicated that significant difference between treatments were seed size such as day until 50% germination, root and shoot lengthand drymather and hetrotrophy wieght. Improved seeds to increase the size of many measured factors was effective. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
69 - Optimization in effect of laser light on increasing the rate of wheat germination
محسن Abbasi مجید Ebrahimizadeh abrishamiThe effects of the physical factors on dielectric characteristics of wheat biological parts were studied. Due to the sensitivity of phytochromes to the red light, the activity of the related enzymes as well as the inner energy and seed entropy during germination ca MoreThe effects of the physical factors on dielectric characteristics of wheat biological parts were studied. Due to the sensitivity of phytochromes to the red light, the activity of the related enzymes as well as the inner energy and seed entropy during germination can be increased through irradiation He-Ne laser light to the plant seed with the wave length of 623nm, which, in turn, leads to the increased energy exchange between the seed and the environment. In this research, wheat varieties as Shiroudi, Zagros, Tajan and Kouhdasht were used under the He-Ne laser (623nm, 0.1 mW/mm-2) in time periods of 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 minutes. Moreover, in order to investigation the radial effects of laser on the traits of the rootlet and the stemlet length on the fresh weight of stemlet and rootlet, number of seedlings, drought weight of stemlet and rootlet, and seed germination, four cultivars of wheat in five replication with factorial experiment as completely randomized design (CRD) have been studied. The results indicated that Zagros variety and Shiroudi variety had the fastest rate of seed germination, with 0.942(N/d) and 0.910(N/d), respectively. The result of this research indicates that cultivar Zagros with 0.006(grf), had he highest drought weight of rootlet among the cultivars. Also results showed that cultivar Zagros had more growth and drought weight of stemlet among the cultivars. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
70 - Investigation of Gibberellin and harvesting time effect on germination of four important species Amaranthus L. weeds
محمد Alazmani مهلقا GhorbanliAmaranthus species is one of the most important plant species in Golestan Province which mainly are found in arable lands with spectrum of loam to clay, good permeability with highly nutrients. Four species of A. viridis, A. albus L., A. hybridus. L. and A. retroflexus MoreAmaranthus species is one of the most important plant species in Golestan Province which mainly are found in arable lands with spectrum of loam to clay, good permeability with highly nutrients. Four species of A. viridis, A. albus L., A. hybridus. L. and A. retroflexus are grouped as seeds with wide extension in different farmlands of Gospel, Soybean, Maize, watermelon, Melon and tomato, also in gardens, margins of barriers and barren are grown. This experiment had been carried out with applying harvested seeds in summer (July) and autumn (November) from mentioned species treated with temperature of 25±1ºC and 24 hours darkness and treatment with distilled water and 1000 ppm Gibberellin. Rate germination occurred in summer seeds of A. viridis with distilled water and the most germination also in this species caused at Gibberellin treatment. The lowest germination by percentage was observed in A. viridis autumn seeds and the most was observed at A. retroflexus with Gibberellin treatment. The highest influence of Gibberellin treatment 1000 ppm in summer seeds by of A. viridis with 46.7% and autumn seeds with 68.5% increase was observed. Generally A. viridis had better response to Gibberellin treatment and time prolonged of seed harvest, but these treatments has not any positive influence on increased germination. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
71 - Investigating the effect of various chemical and non-chemical treatments break dormancy galbanum seeds Ferula gummosa Boiss.
mohammadreza Labbafi Ali Mehrafarin hasanali naghdibadi morteza tavakoli majid ghorbani nahogiFerula gummosa Boiss. is a commercially important medicinal plant that is categorized in endangered herbs list. Seed dormancy and germination is one of the main problems in plant cultivation.This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of chemical, hormonal and ther MoreFerula gummosa Boiss. is a commercially important medicinal plant that is categorized in endangered herbs list. Seed dormancy and germination is one of the main problems in plant cultivation.This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of chemical, hormonal and thermal treatments on dormancy breaking of galbanum seed, in a completely randomized design (CRD) with 21 treatments in four replications. The percentage and seed germination rate were statistically analyzed. This experiment was done at medicinal plants research center (ACECR) in 2015. Results were showed that the different treatments of seed dormancy breaking had significant (P≤0.01) effect on percentage of seed germination. The highest germination percentage of galbanum seeds observed in combined treatments inclusive of five minutes sulfuric acid (96%) scarification + 30 minutes leaching in water (40˚C) + 7 days imbibition + 40 days stratification + soaking in gibberellic acid (GA3) 1000 ppm. The maximum rate of germination was perceive in combined treatments of 10 minutes sulfuric acid (96%)scarification + 60 minutes leaching in water (40˚C) + 40 days stratification + soaking in GA3 1000 ppm. According to the results,seed germination is improved after sulfuric acid scarification and leaching treatment (physical dormancybreaking), followed by stratification + application of GA3 (morpho-physiological dormancy breaking). Hence, our research offered that galbanum seeds have both physical and morpho-physiological dormancy. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
72 - The effect of Pretreatment of Salicylic Acid on Seed Germination, Total Phenol and Antioxidant Activity of Nepeta nuda L. Seedling Under Salt Stress
Sepideh Mojarab Mohammad Moghaddam Rasoul NarimaniSeed pretreatment with salicylic acid plays an important role in improving germination and increasing resistance of plants to environmental stresses. Delay in germination, decrease in the rate and percentage of germination are from the effects of salinity stress in germ MoreSeed pretreatment with salicylic acid plays an important role in improving germination and increasing resistance of plants to environmental stresses. Delay in germination, decrease in the rate and percentage of germination are from the effects of salinity stress in germination stage. In order to find out the effects of salinity stress along with salicylic priming on seed germination of Hairless Catmint (Nepeta nuda L.), a factorial experiment based on completely randomized design was conducted using salt stress at four levels (0, 50, 100 and 150 mM), three levels of alleviators (0, 0.2 and 0.5 mM) and three times (6, 12 and 24 hours) with 3 replication at physiology laboratory of Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad in 2016. Indicators of germination with radicle exit at size 2 mm were evaluated for 21 days. After 21 days and completion of recording of germination indices, the plumules were separated for phytochemical evaluation; and determination of total phenol content and antioxidant activity by spectrophotometric methods were carried out by using methanol extract (extracted in a porcelain mortar), Folin-Ciocalteu method and DPPH free radical scavenging, respectively. According to experiment results, the positive effect of salicylic acid on improving germination of this plant in concentration 0.5 mM was more evident than concentration of 0.2 mM. With increasing salinity, the measured traits were strongly reduced. So that the lowest germination percent and germination rate were 0.81 and 0.02 in 150 mM salt stress, respectively. Salicylic acid is also used as an alleviator to improve germination in different levels of salinity. So that the highest germination percent (25.11) and germination rate (0.62) were obtained from pretreatment with salicylic acid for 24 hours. The highest amount of antioxidant activity (68.92%) and total phenol (1.2 mg.g-1 FW) was related to level of 50 mM stress and the use of salicylic acid at different salinity levels reduced the amount of these traits. In general, although salinity stress markedly reduced germination in Nepeta nuda, but using pretreatment with salicylic acid can significantly improve germination indices in these conditions Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
73 - Essential oil composition and effect of different treatments on seed dormancy breaking and germination of Salvia sahendica Boiss. & Buhse
ahad hedayati fatemeh Aghamohseni elnaz norouzi syavash hemmaty mir sajjad mir yusefzadeh zahra bagheri shabnam mir yousefzadeh mohammad hossein MirjaliliSalvia sahendica Boiss. & Buhse. with antimicrobial, antioxidant and anticonvulsant properties is an endemic species of the lamiaceae family that grows in the Sahand highlands in East Azerbaijan province. The aim of the present study was to investigate the qua MoreSalvia sahendica Boiss. & Buhse. with antimicrobial, antioxidant and anticonvulsant properties is an endemic species of the lamiaceae family that grows in the Sahand highlands in East Azerbaijan province. The aim of the present study was to investigate the quantity and quality of essential oils and effect of different treatments on the percentage and germination rate of this species due to the low germination percentage of its seeds. The aerial parts of the plant were collected at flowering stage in the summer of 2012 from Kasai habitat in Tabriz Then, its essential oil was obtained by clevenger method and analized by GC/MS. Seed test was conducted based on a completely randomized design (CRD) with 4 replications. Treatments included gibberllin at three levels of concentration (100, 150 and 200 ppm for 24 h), three levels of wash time (12, 24 and 72 h), chilling at three levels of duration (for 24, 48 and 72 h) and magnetic treatment (50 and 130 mT for 5, 10, 20, 25 and 30 min) and control. Based on the results, the essential oil yield of this species was 0.8% by weight and the presence of 23 compounds including trans-meta-mentha-2,8-diene, spathulenol, α-Pinene, 1,8-cineol and β-pinene in the essential oil components of this plant was proved. Seed test result showed that seeds treated with 100 ppm gibberellin had the highest germination rate (47 %) and seeds treated with 130 mT for 20 min had the highest germination rate (5.83) compared to control (16) and (1/99) respectively. The results indicate that the seeds of this species have physiological dormancy and different treatments can significantly increase. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
74 - Effect of salinity stress on germination and seedling characteristics of Artemisia annua L.
Mohammad Hosein Bijeh Keshavarzi Heshmat OmidiSalinity stress is a significant factor that imposes limitations on the growth and productivity of crops. Like other living organisms, plants are susceptible to various stresses and can suffer damage when exposed to them.Under conditions of salinity stress, the stages o MoreSalinity stress is a significant factor that imposes limitations on the growth and productivity of crops. Like other living organisms, plants are susceptible to various stresses and can suffer damage when exposed to them.Under conditions of salinity stress, the stages of germination and seedling growth become particularly crucial in the life cycle of plants.Artemisia annua L., an important medicinal plant with a long history of use in traditional Iranian and other Asian medicine, was the subject of investigation in this research.The aim was to examine the impact of salinity stress on the germination process(both in terms of percentage and rate)and the characteristics of seedlings(such as radicle length,plumule length, fresh weight, and dry weight)in Artemisia annua L.The study was carried out in 2023,employing a completely randomized design with four replications at the Department of Agronomy in Shahid University.The experimental treatments consisted of four levels of salinity(0,50,100,and150 mM)induced by sodium chloride salt.The data obtained were analyzed using SAS software, and the means were compared utilizing the Duncan test at a 5%probability level.The findings of this experiment demonstrated that the control treatment(without salinity)exhibited the highest percentage and speed of germination, as well as the longest radicle and plumule lengths, and the greatest fresh and dry weights of the seedlings.Germination was not observed at concentrations of 150mM and higher.Hence, based on the outcomes of this study, it can be concluded that salinity stress has an adverse impact on the germination process and seedling growth of Artemisia annua L.,revealing the plant's heightened sensitivity to salinity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
75 - بهبود جوانه زنی و رشد گیاه دارویی گلپر ایرانی (Heracleum persicum Desf) تحت تأثیر آماده سازی اسمزی بذر
فاطمه چراغی سهراب محمودی مجید جامی الاحمدی سهیل پارسامقدمه و هدف: جوانه‏زنی و استقرار گیاهان دارویی به علت قوه نامیه کمی ‏که بذور این گیاهان دارند عموماً با مشکل مواجه است. پرایمینگ بذر از جمله روش‏هایی است که منجر به افزایش قابلیت جوانه‏زنی در طیف وسیعی از گیاهان می‏شود. هدف کلی تحقیق حاضر تعیین Moreمقدمه و هدف: جوانه‏زنی و استقرار گیاهان دارویی به علت قوه نامیه کمی ‏که بذور این گیاهان دارند عموماً با مشکل مواجه است. پرایمینگ بذر از جمله روش‏هایی است که منجر به افزایش قابلیت جوانه‏زنی در طیف وسیعی از گیاهان می‏شود. هدف کلی تحقیق حاضر تعیین موثرترین ماده پرایمینگ، غلظت و مدت زمان پرایمینگ بر جوانه‏زنی و رشد گیاهچه گلپر بود.روش تحقیق: آزمایشی به صورت فاکتوریل بر پایه طرح بلوک‏های کامل تصادفی در آزمایشگاه تحقیقاتی دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بیرجند به اجرا درآمد. فاکتورهای آزمایش شامل نوع ماده پرایمینگ (KNO3,CaCl2 و پلی اتیلن گلایکول)، سطوح پتانسیل اسمزی (5/0-، 1- و 5/1- مگاپاسکال) و مدت زمان تیمار (12 و 24 ساعت) بودند.نتایج و بحث: نتایج نشان داد که نوع ماده پرایمینگ بر تمامی‏شاخص‏های اندازه گیری شده اثر معنی دار دارد. سطح پتانسیل اسمزی بر سرعت جوانه‏زنی تأثیر معنی داری داشته است. اثر مدت زمان پرایمینگ بر صفات سرعت جوانه‏زنی و میانگین مدت جوانه‏زنی معنی دار بود. در بین تیمارها در صفات درصد، سرعت و میانگین مدت جوانه‏زنی و شاخص بنیه گیاهچه، تیمار CaCl2 در 5/0- مگاپاسکال به مدت 24 ساعت بهترین درصد جوانه‏زنی، تیمار پلی اتیلن گلایکول 1- مگاپاسکال به مدت 24 ساعت بهترین سرعت جوانه‏زنی، تیمار KNO3 در 1- مگاپاسکال به مدت 24 ساعت کمترین میانگین مدت جوانه‏زنی و تیمار پلی اتیلن گلایکول به مدت 12 ساعت و 5/1- مگاپاسکال بهترین شاخص بنیه گیاهچه را نشان دادند. بنابراین می‏توان نتیجه گرفت با اعمال تیمارهای مناسب پرایمینگ می‏توان باعث بهبود در جوانه‏زنی گیاه دارویی گلپر شد.توصیه کاربردی/ صنعتی: نتایج آزمایش نشان داد پرایمینگ موجب افزایش خصوصیات جوانه زنی در گیاه گلپر می‏شود. با توجه به این­که از کومارین موجود در ریشه این گیاه در صنایع مختلف استفاده می‏شود و از سوی دیگر بذر این گیاه جوانه زنی ضعیفی دارد؛ می‏توان با پرایمینگ آن جوانه زنی و استقرار این گیاه را بهبود بخشید و موجب افزایش در تولید آن شد. Manuscript profile -
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76 - اثر تیمارهای درجه حرارت و عمر بذر در شکستن خواب و ویژگی های جوانهزنی بذر کرفس معطر بختیاری Kelussia odoratissima) Mozaff)
ساره ظفریان سعدالله هوشمند وحید روحیمقدمه و هدف: کرفس کوهی یا کِلُوس (‏Kelussia odoratissima Mozaff.‎‏) یکی از گیاهان مرتعی و دارویی خانوادهی چتریان و بومی دامنهی رشته ‏کوههای زاگرس است که متأسفانه به علت برداشت غیرمجاز در معرض انقراض میباشد. به منظور شکستن خواب و ارزیابی ‏اثر تیما Moreمقدمه و هدف: کرفس کوهی یا کِلُوس (‏Kelussia odoratissima Mozaff.‎‏) یکی از گیاهان مرتعی و دارویی خانوادهی چتریان و بومی دامنهی رشته ‏کوههای زاگرس است که متأسفانه به علت برداشت غیرمجاز در معرض انقراض میباشد. به منظور شکستن خواب و ارزیابی ‏اثر تیمارهای مختلف طی یک آزمایش فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی بر بذور منطقهی سر آقاسید از توابع استان ‏چهارمحال و بختیاری سه دمای 4، 8 و 22 درجهی سانتی­گراد و اثر سال در دو سطح، مربوط به سالهای متوالی 1388 و 1389 ‏در 4 تکرار در دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه شهرکرد انجام شد. روش تحقیق: در این آزمایش ویژگیهای نظیر میزان جوانهزنی، طول و قطر ریشهچه، محور زیر لپه و دم­برگ و هم­چنین طول و عرض ‏برگ لپهای در 100 روز پس از کاشت مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. ‏میانگین صفات حاصل از تیمارهای مختلف به روش LSD و با استفاده از نرم افزار آماری SAS مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفت. نتایج و بحث: نتایج نشان داد که میزان جوانهزنی بهطور بسیار معنیداری (0.01≥p) تحت تأثیر دما و سال و اثر متقابل این دو عامل قرار گرفت؛ بهطوری­که بالاترین میزان جوانهزنی مربوط به 4 درجهی سانتی­گراد بوده و در 22 درجهی سانتی­گراد جوانهزنی مشاهده نشد. هم­چنین از لحاظ تأثیر سال، جوانهزنی در بذور مربوط به سال 1388 رخ داد و بذور مربوط به سال 1390 نیز جوانهزنی صورت نگرفت. مقایسه میانگین صفات در درجه حرارت ۴ و ۸ درجه سانتی گراد نشان داد به جز جوانهزنی سایر صفات دمای 8 درجهی سانتی­گراد میزان بالاتری را نشان دادند، هر چند تنها دو صفت طول و عرض برگ به طور معنیداری (0.01≥p) در درجه حرارت ۸ درجه سانتی گراد بیشتر بود. توصیه کاربردی/ صنعتی: با توجه به این که مهمترین دلیل کاهش پراکنش این گیاه طول دوره خواب بذر میباشد، لذا استفاده از نتایج این تحقیق به کوتاه کردن جوانه زنی و در نتیجه اهلی کردن این گیاه دارویی کمک خواهد نمود. Manuscript profile -
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77 - Evaluation of Gibberellin Synthesis Genes (GA3OX) expression and Antioxidant Capacity in Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. Sadri) Seeds induced by Chitosan under Salinity
Haniyeh Saadat Mohammad Sedghi raouf Seyed Sharifi salim farzaneh -
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78 - A Study on the effect of moist-chilling and GA3 application on evening primrose (Oenothera biennis L.) seed germination
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79 - Hormonal priming to overcome drought stress and aging damage in groundnut seed (Arachis hypogaea L.)
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80 - The influence of salt stress on the morpho physiological and biochemical parameters of durum wheat varieties (Triticum durum Desf.)
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81 - Evaluation of salinity tolerance of different clover species at germination and seedling stages
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82 - Effects of Artemisia sieberi extract on growth and nutrients uptake of Peganum harmala
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83 - Sodium nitroprusside and salicylic acid decrease antioxidant enzymes activity in soybean
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84 - Seed priming with bio-priming improves stand establishment, seed germination and salinity tolerance in canola cultivar (Hayola 401)
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85 - Zinc oxide nano particles alleviate drought stress effects on soybean antioxidant system during germination
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86 - Effects of some combined treatments on breaking the seed dormancy and enhancing the germination rate from different Morrocan varieties of date palm
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87 - Paclobutrazol Effect on Narcissus tazetta: A Guide to Understanding Endogenous Cues Improved Flowering
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88 - The effect of ageing on antioxidant and biochemical changes in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seeds.
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89 - Canola seed germination and seedling growth in response to saline condition and bio-priming.
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90 - Effect of sodium hypochlorite on control of in vitro contamination and seed germination of Ficus religiosa.
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91 - بررسی اثر جیبرلیک اسید و دمای انبار بر خصوصیات رویشی و زایشی گل مریم (Polianthes tuberosa)
بهزاد ادریسی سحر میرزاییگل مریم با نام علمی Polianthes tuberosa L. ، از تیره Agavaceae، یکی از مهم ترین گل ­های شاخه بریده در مناطق گرمسیری و نیمه گرمسیری جهان و دارای رتبه هفتم تولید در بین گل­ های شاخه بریده ایران می­ باشد. به ­منظور بررسی اثرات شرایط دمای انبار پیاز (8 هفته Moreگل مریم با نام علمی Polianthes tuberosa L. ، از تیره Agavaceae، یکی از مهم ترین گل ­های شاخه بریده در مناطق گرمسیری و نیمه گرمسیری جهان و دارای رتبه هفتم تولید در بین گل­ های شاخه بریده ایران می­ باشد. به ­منظور بررسی اثرات شرایط دمای انبار پیاز (8 هفته 4 درجه سانتیگراد ، 4 هفته 4 درجه سانتیگراد+ 4 هفته دمای 20 درجه سانتیگراد، 8 هفته 12 درجه سانتیگراد، 4 هفته 12 درجه سانتیگراد + 4 هفته دمای 20 درجه سانتیگراد و 8 هفته 20 درجه سانتیگراد) و غلظت­ های مختلف اسیدجیبرلیک (0، 150 و 300 پی ­پی ام)، بر صفات کمی گل ­مریم نوع پرپر (دابل) این تحقیق به صورت طرح فاکتوریل با طرح پایه بلوک­ های کامل تصادفی، باسه تکرار اجرا شد. اثرات تیمارها بر تعداد شاخه، وزن تر و خشک و طول شاخه، طول سنبله، وزن و تعداد پیاز، وزن و قطر گلچه، تعداد روز تا گلدهی، طول دوره جوانه زنی تا گلدهی و عمر پس از برداشت بررسی شد. ارزیابی کمی و کیفی شاخص ­های رشد و گلدهی نشان داد که بیشترین تعداد شاخه مربوط به تیمار دمای 20 درجه سانتیگراد انبار پیاز و حدود 20% بیشتر از دمای 4 درجه سانتیگراد انبار بود. وزن شاخه با اغلب شاخص­ های رشد همبستگی معنی ­دار داشت. مهم ترین اثرات تیمارهای مورد آزمایش بر سرعت رشد بود. دمای انبار فقط بر روی سرعت جوانه­ زنی پیازها تاثیر داشت (P < 0.001) درصورتی که غلظت GA3 هم بر سرعت جوانه زنی (P < 0.05) و هم بر سرعت گلدهی (P < 0.001) موثر بود. با افزایش غلظت GA3 سرعت گلدهی کاهش یافت. در نهایت نتیجه­ گیری شد که بهترین تیمار، انبار پیاز به مدت 4 هفته با دمای 12 درجه سانتیگراد + 4 هفته با دمای 20 درجه سانتیگراد قبل از کاشت می­ باشد و تیمار GA3 تاثیر معنی­ داری بر فاکتورهای رشد گل مریم نشان نداد. Manuscript profile -
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92 - اثر میدان مغناطیسی بر شاخصهای رشد و نمو بذر کوکب کوهی ( Rudbeckia hirta L.) در شرایط خشک و مرطوب
گل آذین گلباز بهزاد کاویانیمیدان مغناطیسی به­عنوان یک تیمار بیوفیزیکی برای تغییر شاخص­های رشد و نمو در گیاهان در نظر گرفته می­شود. تحقیق حاضر به منظور بررسی تاثیر میدان­های مختلف مغناطیسی (0، 45، 60، 70 و 75 میلی­تسلا) در شرایط خشک و مرطوب به مدت 30 دقیقه روی جوانه­زنی بذر Moreمیدان مغناطیسی به­عنوان یک تیمار بیوفیزیکی برای تغییر شاخص­های رشد و نمو در گیاهان در نظر گرفته می­شود. تحقیق حاضر به منظور بررسی تاثیر میدان­های مختلف مغناطیسی (0، 45، 60، 70 و 75 میلی­تسلا) در شرایط خشک و مرطوب به مدت 30 دقیقه روی جوانه­زنی بذر و برخی شاخص­های مورفولوژیکی و فیزیولوژیکی کوکب کوهی (Rudbeckia hirta L.) انجام شد. نتایج نشان داد که تیمار میدان مغناطیسی باعث افزایش درصد جوانه­زنی بذرهای خشک نسبت به بذرهای مرطوب و شاهد شد. شدت میدان مغناطیسی 70 میلی­تسلا باعث تحریک بیشترین میزان جوانه­زنی بذرهای خشک (40/95 درصد) گردید. میدان مغناطیسی، سرعت جوانه­زنی بذرها را در هر دو شرایط خشک و مرطوب کاهش داد، به­طوری­که بذرهای شاهد بیشترین سرعت جوانه­زنی (5/3 روز) را نشان دادند. بررسی همه­ی صفات مورفولوژیکی از جمله طول گیاهچه و شاخص بنیه و فیزیولوژیکی (وزن تر و خشک گیاهچه) آشکار کرد که میدان­های مغناطیسی باعث تحریک بیشتر رشد در این صفات نسبت به شاهد شدند. در مجموع، استفاده از شدت میدان مغناطیسی 70 میلی­تسلا روی بذرهای خشک برای رشد و نمو بهینه در کوکب کوهی توصیه می­گردد. Manuscript profile -
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93 - اثرات آللوپاتیک برخی عصاره مالچهای آلی بر جوانهزنی بذر و رشد اولیه برخی گیاهان زینتی
فاطمه کاظمی منصوره جوزایمالچ‏ها فواید عمده زیست­ محیطی، زینتی و کاربردی دارند. با این وجود، در خصوص اینکه برخی مالچ‏ها مانع جوانه‎زنی و رشد گیاهان به خاطر اثرات آللوپاتیک می‎شوند، بحث‏هایی وجود دارد. این مطالعه اثر آللوپاتیک عصاره‏های برخی مالچ‏های آلی را بر درص Moreمالچ‏ها فواید عمده زیست­ محیطی، زینتی و کاربردی دارند. با این وجود، در خصوص اینکه برخی مالچ‏ها مانع جوانه‎زنی و رشد گیاهان به خاطر اثرات آللوپاتیک می‎شوند، بحث‏هایی وجود دارد. این مطالعه اثر آللوپاتیک عصاره‏های برخی مالچ‏های آلی را بر درصد جوانه‎زنی بذر و رشد دانهال‏های برخی گیاهان زینتی در دو آزمایش به‎هم ‎مرتبط بررسی کرد. در آزمایش اول، تاثیرات آللوپاتیک شش نوع مالچ شامل چیپس چوب درخت چنار، میوه‎های کاج، برگ‏های کاج، پوسته‎های تنه درخت کاج، خاک اره، و سرزنی‎های چمن فستوکای بلند بر جوانه‎زنی و رشد اولیه بذرهای کاهو به­عنوان یک گیاه شاخص بررسی شد. آزمایش دوم بر پایه نتایج آزمایش اول طراحی شد به­طوری­که عصاره‎های مالچ‏های با پایین‎ترین میزان جوانه‎زنی انتخاب شدند و تاثیر آن­ها بر جوانه‏زنی پنج گیاه گلدار Alyssum maritimum, Celosia argentea, Tagetes sp., Zinnia sp. و Rudbeckia sp. بررسی گردید. نتایج نشان داد عصاره برگ‏های کاج اثرات بازدارنده بر جوانه‎زنی بذرهای کاهو (در آزمایش اول) داشت و همچنین اثرات معنی‎دار و قوی بازدارندگی بر جوانه‎زنی بذر، طول ریشه‏چه، طول ساقه‏چه، وزن تر و خشک ساقه‎چه همه گیاهان زینتی داشت. بر اساس این نتایج، برگ‏های کاج بعد از رها شدن یا تجزیه در خاک می‎توانند به­عنوان منبع شیمیایی آللوپاتیک عمل کنند و باید با احتیاط به­عنوان مالچ در منظرسازی، حداقل در تلفیق با گیاهان زینتی استفاده شوند. Manuscript profile -
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94 - بررسی تکثیر گیاه در حال انقراض دانهبرفی (Leucojum aestivum L.) از طریق بذر و پیازهای پیشرس شده
کاوه بابلیان هندیجانی عباس میرزاخانی شهاب خاقانی مهدی چنگیزیدانه برفی از گیاهان زینتی- دارویی بومی شمال ایران است. به­منظور تولید این گیاه در خارج از زیستگاه طبیعی آن، دو آزمایش مجزا شامل 1) تکثیر بذری از طریق پرایمینگ بذر با دما (4، 24 و 27 درجه سانتی­گراد)، اسید جیبرلیک (50 و 100 میلی­گرم در لیتر) و نیترات پتاسیم ( Moreدانه برفی از گیاهان زینتی- دارویی بومی شمال ایران است. به­منظور تولید این گیاه در خارج از زیستگاه طبیعی آن، دو آزمایش مجزا شامل 1) تکثیر بذری از طریق پرایمینگ بذر با دما (4، 24 و 27 درجه سانتی­گراد)، اسید جیبرلیک (50 و 100 میلی­گرم در لیتر) و نیترات پتاسیم (1/0 و 2/0 درصد) و 2) تکثیر از طریق پیازهای پیش­رس شده در دماهای 4، 24 و 27 درجه سانتی­گراد به مدت 8 هفته، " 4 درجه سانتی­گراد به مدت 4 هفته + 27 درجه سانتی­گراد به مدت 4 هفته" و " 27 درجه سانتی­گراد به مدت 4 هفته + 4 درجه سانتی­گراد به مدت 4 هفته" اجرا شد. نتایج آزمایش پرایمینگ بذر نشان داد که بذرهای تیمار شده با دماهای 4 و 27 درجه سانتی­گراد جوانه نزدند. مناسب­ترین تیمار در افزایش درصد جوانه­زنی، سرعت جوانه­زنی، طول گیاهچه و شاخص بنیه طولی گیاهچه، 100 میلی­گرم در لیتر اسید جیبرلیک بود. در بین تیمارهایی که موفق به جوانه­زنی شدند، کمترین مقادیر صفات ارزیابی شده به­ترتیب متعلق به بذرهای تیمار شده با دمای 24 درجه سانتی­گراد و 2/0 درصد نیترات پتاسیم بود. نتایج آزمایش پیش­رس کردن پیازها نشان داد که تیمار پیازهای در حال رکود دانه برفی با دمای 4 درجه سانتی­گراد به مدت 8 هفته جهت گلدهی این گیاه مناسب نیست. بیشترین تعداد گل (66/2)، قطر گل (70/21 میلی­متر)، تعداد روز از کاشت پیاز تا پایان گلدهی (5/149 روز) و تعداد برگ (6 برگ) متعلق به پیازهای تیمار شده با 27 درجه سانتی­گراد به مدت 8 هفته بود، اما این تیمار بیشترین زمان تا ظهور غنچه (5/117 روز) را بخود اختصاص داد و تیمار مناسبی برای پیش­رسی نبود گرچه از نظر تعداد گل و برگ، قطر گل و تعداد روز از کاشت پیاز تا پایان گلدهی مناسب­ترین تیمار بود. کمترین زمان تا ظهور غنچه (3/78 روز) با کاشت پیازهایی بدست آمد که با "27 درجه سانتی­گراد به مدت 4 هفته + 4 درجه سانتی­گراد به مدت 4 هفته" تیمار شده بودند؛ بنابراین این تیمار برای پیش­رس کردن دانه برفی معرفی می­شود. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
95 - اثرات وابسته به دوز سریا (CeO2) با اندازه نانو بر روی جوانه زنی بذر، رشد اولیه و پارامترهای فیزیولوژیکی گیاهچه همیشه بهار
صدیقه جهانی سارا سعادتمند ملیحه جهانی هما محمودزاده رمضانعلی خاوری نژادهمیشه بهار به عنوان یک گیاه زینتی-دارویی کاربرد فراوانی دارد. برهمکنش بین نانوذرات و سیستمهای بیولوژیکی یکی از امیدوارکنندهترین حوزههای تحقیقاتی در علم و فناوری نانومدرن است. محققان جذب نانوذرات اکسید سریم یا سریا (CeO2) توسط گیاهان را گزارش کردهاند. هدف از این تحقی Moreهمیشه بهار به عنوان یک گیاه زینتی-دارویی کاربرد فراوانی دارد. برهمکنش بین نانوذرات و سیستمهای بیولوژیکی یکی از امیدوارکنندهترین حوزههای تحقیقاتی در علم و فناوری نانومدرن است. محققان جذب نانوذرات اکسید سریم یا سریا (CeO2) توسط گیاهان را گزارش کردهاند. هدف از این تحقیق بررسی تاثیر نانوسریا بر جوانهزنی بذر، ویژگیهای رشد و بیوشیمیایی گیاهچه 9 روزه همیشه بهار (.Calendula officinalis L) بود. بذرها در پتریدیشهای حاوی هشت غلظت مختلف نانوسریا (0، 0.05، 0.1، 0.2، 0.4، 0.8، 1.6 و 3.2 گرم بر لیتر) جوانه زدند. پس از 9 روز، پارامترهای رشد اولیه و بیوشیمیایی اندازهگیری شد. نتایج نشان داد که جوانهزنی بذر، وزن تر و خشک گیاهچه و طول ریشهچه، ساقهچه و گیاهچه در غلظتهای 0.05 و/ یا 0.1 گرم بر لیتر نانوسریا تحریک شد اما در غلظتهای بالاتر (پس از 0.2 یا 0.4 گرم بر لیتر) نانوذرات به تاخیر افتاد. محتوای H2O2، مالوندیآلدئید (MDA) و فعالیت لیپواکسیژناز (LOX) پس از 0.2 گرم بر لیتر نانوسریا افزایش یافت. فعالیت آنزیمهای آنتیاکسیدان و محتوای پروتئین در غلظتهای بالاتر نانوسریا افزایش یافت. همچنین، فعالیت آنزیم فنیل آلانین آمونیالیاز (PAL)، محتوای فنل و ظرفیت آنتیاکسیدانی در 0.8 تا 3.2 گرم بر لیتر نانوسریا تحریک شد. محتوای پرولین در 0.2-3.2 گرم بر لیتر نانوسریا بهبود یافت. در مجموع، نتایج نشان داد که تنش اکسیداتیو القایی نانوسریا با سیستم دفاعی گیاه شامل آنزیمهای آنتیاکسیدان، ترکیبات فنلی و اسمولیتهای سازگار مانند پرولین همراه بود. این نتایج نشان داد که نانوسریا در غلظتهای پایین (0.05 و/ یا 0.1 گرم بر لیتر) باعث القای مثبت بر روی جوانهزنی بذر و رشد گیاهچه همیشه بهار شد، اما با افزایش غلظت آن (بیشتر از 0.2 گرم بر لیتر)، نتیجه برعکس شد و سمیت نشان داد که گیاه را مجبور کرد تا سیستمهای دفاعی خود را فعال کند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
96 - Effect of Nanoscale Titanium Dioxide Particles on the Germination and Growth of Canola (Brassica napus)
H. Mahmoodzadeh M. Nabavi H. KashefiAn investigation was initiated to examine the effects of nanoscale titanium dioxide particles on plant growth and development. In view of the widespread cultivation of canola in Iran and in other parts of the globe and in view of the potential influence of titanium on i MoreAn investigation was initiated to examine the effects of nanoscale titanium dioxide particles on plant growth and development. In view of the widespread cultivation of canola in Iran and in other parts of the globe and in view of the potential influence of titanium on its growth, this plant was chosen as the model system. Canola seeds were separately treated with different concentrations of nanoscale titanium dioxide (10, 100, 1000, 1200, 1500, 1700 and 2000 mg l-1 and the effect this treatment was studied on seed germination and seedling vigor. Treatment of nanoscale TiO2(20 nm mean particle size) at 2000 mg l-1 concentration promoted both seed germination and seedling vigor . The lowest and the highest germination rate were obtained in 1500 and 2000 mg l-1 treatments, respectively. Higher concentrations of nanoscale TiO2 (1200 and 1500 mg l-1) showed large radicle and plumule growth of seedling compared to other concentrations and control. The inhibitory effect with lower nanoparticle concentration reveals the need for judicious usage of these particles in such applications. This is the first report on the effect of nanoscale particles on canola growth. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
97 - Effect of Calotropis procera Leaf Extract on Seed Germination of Some Plants
S. Ghasemi M. Ghasemi N. Moradi A. M. ShamiliCalotropis proceran (Asclepidaceae) is an evergreen plant and widely distributed in Hormozgan province. This plant has the allelopathic properties including germination inhibition, plumule and radicle growth reduction. In this study the effect of different concentration MoreCalotropis proceran (Asclepidaceae) is an evergreen plant and widely distributed in Hormozgan province. This plant has the allelopathic properties including germination inhibition, plumule and radicle growth reduction. In this study the effect of different concentrations (0, 5, 10, 20, 40 and 60%) of dry leaf water extraction of this plant on the germination of cucumber (Cucumis sativus), tomato (Lycopersicon esculenthum), and eggplant (Solanum melongena) were investigated. The results showed that water extract significantly decreased the germination percentage especially at high concentrations. The radicle and plumule length also were affected by the extract concentrations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
98 - Utilization of Rice Hull as a New Substrate for Turf Grass Seed Germination in Sod Production as a Sustainable Approach
Mohammad Ali Golestani Ali Dolatkhahi Navid Vahdati Omid Nouri RoudsariSod culture is one of the important methods in establishing and repairing of turf grass, especially in sport fields. Nowadays, a mixture of sand and peat are commonly used in sod production in Iran. Because peat media is expensive, it seems necessary to find an alternat MoreSod culture is one of the important methods in establishing and repairing of turf grass, especially in sport fields. Nowadays, a mixture of sand and peat are commonly used in sod production in Iran. Because peat media is expensive, it seems necessary to find an alternative medium. Rice hull, tea waste and leaf compost as economical organic material that are available in huge loads in north of Iran. The objective of this study was to evaluate the utilization of low cost organic matter on seed germination and uniformity of turf grass in sod production. Therefore a completely randomized design with 3 replications and 6 treatments: 1- mixture of leaf compost and sand (1: 1) (v.v), 2- tea compost and sand (1: 1) (v.v), 3- sand, 4- mixture of rice hull and sand (3: 1) (v.v), 5- mixture of treatments 1, 2, 3, 4 and 6- petri dish as control was carried out in the experimental field of agricultural school of Islamic Azad University, Chaloos branch during summer 2008. Turf grass species used was Lolium prenne. According to the results, it was revealed that the effect of different substrates was significant on seed germination percentage (p≤0.05). Results showed that mixture of rice hull and sand (3: 1) (v.v) increased germination percentage over other treatments. This was probably related to high water retaining capacity and well aeration of rice hull. Furthermore, the lowest and highest uniformity rate was related to mixture treatment and sand media, respectively. It generally seems that these waste products can be used for this purpose economically and sustainably. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
99 - Pollen Germinability and Cross-Pollination Success in Persian Cyclamen (Cyclamen persicum Mill.)
Mohammad Kermanshahani Roohangiz Naderi Reza Fattahi Ahmad KhalighiLow seed yield is a limiting factor for cross breeding and hybrid seed production in cyclamen. This study was performed to investigate pollen germination and its relation to cross-pollination success and fruit set in this plant. In order to achieve a high level of polle MoreLow seed yield is a limiting factor for cross breeding and hybrid seed production in cyclamen. This study was performed to investigate pollen germination and its relation to cross-pollination success and fruit set in this plant. In order to achieve a high level of pollen germination, the effect of different concentrations of chemical compounds were examined on in vitro pollen germination of cyclamen in modified Brewbaker and Kwack medium, containing sucrose (10 and 20%), calcium nitrate (0, 200 and 300 mg l-1), and boric acid (0, 100 and 200mg l-1 ) at two pH levels (5.5 and 6.5). Maximum pollen germination was obtained in media containing higher concentration of calcium and boron regardless of sucrose concentration and pH level. Pollen germination percentage was genotype-dependent. Cross-pollination was performed among four different genotypes characterized by various pollen germination percentages. There was a direct correlation between cross-pollination success and pollen germination percentage. Genotypes with 30% higher pollen germination led to 10% increase in fruit set. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
100 - Seed Germination Enhancement of Zinnia (Zinnia elegans) Using Electromagnetic Field
Anoosh Zamiran Vahid Reza Saffari Mohammad Reza MalekiThe effect of electromagnetic field was examined on Zinnia (Zinnia elegans) seeds to enhance seed germination and early growth. The seeds were exposed to four magnetic strengths of 15, 100, 400 and 800 mT in four durations of 30, 60, 120 and 240 min. The experiments wer MoreThe effect of electromagnetic field was examined on Zinnia (Zinnia elegans) seeds to enhance seed germination and early growth. The seeds were exposed to four magnetic strengths of 15, 100, 400 and 800 mT in four durations of 30, 60, 120 and 240 min. The experiments were carried out in two forms of laboratory germination and soil emergence. Results showed that magnetic field application enhanced seed performance in both terms of laboratory germination and soil emergence. The magnetic field significantly (p £0.05) affected root length, shoot length, fresh and dry root weight, fresh and dry shoot weight, seedling length and weight, germination percentage, speed of germination, vigor index I and II in laboratory germination. Also, the magnetic field exposure significantly affected soil emergence factors of root length, shoot length, dry root weight, dry shoot weight, seedling length, emergence percentage and emergence speed at 0.05 level of probability. The other factors were significantly (p £0.05) different compared with unexposed control. No significantly differences were found on the interaction of time and exposure field. The best results were found to 400 mT (micro Tesla) on seed germination and seed emergence. The exposure durations of 240 and 30 min showed promising results over all magnetic fields in seed germination and emergence, respectively. However, there was no significant difference among exposure times. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
101 - The Effect of Gibberellic Acid and Stratification on Germination of Alstroemeria (Alstroemeria ligtu hybrid) Seed In Vitro and In Vivo Conditions
Fardin Nasri Nasser Ghaderi Jaafar Mohammadi Seyed Najmedin Mortazavi Mahmood Koshesh SabaThe dormancy characteristics and optimum conditions for seed germination of Alstroemeria ligtu had not been explained. In vitro and in vivo alstroemeria (A. ligtu hybrid) seed germination tests were conducted in a Randomized Completely Design at two different treatments MoreThe dormancy characteristics and optimum conditions for seed germination of Alstroemeria ligtu had not been explained. In vitro and in vivo alstroemeria (A. ligtu hybrid) seed germination tests were conducted in a Randomized Completely Design at two different treatments (gibberellic acid (GA3) 0, 100, 200 and 400 mg/l with and without stratification in 5±1oC) in four replications. Seeds were planted in the soil mixture (peat/sand/perlite 1:1:1) or 1.2 MS media (1% sucrose, 0.7% agar and pH to 5.8). After 3-weeks keeping in the stratification conditions, transferred to the growth chamber (21oC and 16h photoperiod). Shoot and root length, number of root and leaf, root and shoot fresh and dry weight, seed germination percentage, germination rate and mean germination time were recorded during experiment. Stratification had a significant effect on seed germination (p<0.05). Soaking for 24 h in 100 mg/l GA3 supplemented with stratification under in vitro and in vivo conditions increased germination up to 76.67% and 70.00%, respectively. Mean germination time (MGT) decreased with duration of stratification and concentration of GA3. Seeds treated with 100 mg.l-1 GA3 plus 21 days of stratification produced the seedlings with the higher number of leaf, length of shoot, shoot and root dry weight in both In vivo and in vitro conditions. Non-stratified seeds without GA3 application fail to germinate, whereas seeds chilled for 21 days had 36.6%, 40.0% germination under in vivo and in vitro, respectively. Stratification was successful in breaking seed dormancy; stratification at 5±1oC for 21 days or 100 mg/l GA3+21 days of stratification overcame seed dormancy and increased the germination percentage of A.ligtu hybrid seeds. Thus, seeds of A.ligtu hybrid species probably exhibit a combination of physiological dormancy. In general, In vivo germination rates were lower than in vitro rates. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
102 - Growth and Heavy Metals Uptake of Puccinellia distans (Jacq.) Parl
Mahdiyeh Ebrahimi -
Open Access Article
103 - Effect of salicylic acid and gibberellic acid pre-treatment on accumulation of some ions and germination indices in canola (Brassica napus L.) under salt stress condition
Mahta Haghjoo Abdollah Bahranihigh germination rate and vigorous early growth under salty soils is preferred. In this study germination and seedling growth of a canola (Brassica napus L.) cultivar (Hayola 401) was assessed using in a factorial laid out in three separate experiments as Completely Ran Morehigh germination rate and vigorous early growth under salty soils is preferred. In this study germination and seedling growth of a canola (Brassica napus L.) cultivar (Hayola 401) was assessed using in a factorial laid out in three separate experiments as Completely Randomized Design (CRD) testing combinations of four levels of salinity (0, 80, 160 and 240 mMol NaCl) and three levels of salicylic acid (0, 0.5 and 1 m gr Lit) in the first experiment, the same salinity levels with four levels of gibberellic acid (0,1.5, 3 and 4.5 m Mol) in the second experiment and the same salinity levels with four levels of abscisic acid (0, 2, 4 and 6 m Mol Lit) in the third experiment. Results showed that germination percentage and germination rate was significantly increased by salicylic acid (SA) and gibberellic acid (GA) under salinity conditions compared to non-treatment of these two hormones. Priming with SA could not improve radicle length and radicle dry weight in all salinity levels. Application of GA enhanced radicle and hypocotyl length in all salinity levels compared to untreated seeds with treatment. ABA decreased germination percentage to about 12 % in 2 m Mol than control. Priming with ABA could not improve radicle length in all salinity levels. Seeds primed with ABA improved dry weight of seedlings as compared to non-treatment of ABA under non salinity and salinity conditions. In general, tolerance to salinity in canola seed increased with SA, GA and ABA compared to control. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
104 - The effect of accelerated extinction and salinity on germination of weed seeds Malva neglecta, Echinochloa crus-galli and Sorghum halepense in laboratory conditions
Einollah HesamiWeeds Malva neglecta, Echinochloa crus-galli and Sorghum halepense are weaned and weedy species in wheat, cane, rice, corn, sifiyat and gardens of northern Khuzestan. In order to determine the effects of salinity stress and moisture stress in conditions of burnout and e MoreWeeds Malva neglecta, Echinochloa crus-galli and Sorghum halepense are weaned and weedy species in wheat, cane, rice, corn, sifiyat and gardens of northern Khuzestan. In order to determine the effects of salinity stress and moisture stress in conditions of burnout and exhaustion on germination ability of seeds and emergence of these weeds, a test was conducted in a Seed Technology Laboratory of Shushtar Islamic Azad University in a completely randomized factorial design with four replications Took In the first laboratory conditions, the first factor was seeds of weeds of canola, spruce and grass, and the second factor was burning treatments including: control (without burnout) and burnout days (three, five and seven days) and the third factor of salinity treatments (four, eight and 12 ds) Siemens / m and a salinity of 0.7 dS / m). The results of analysis of variance showed that among all studied traits (germination percentage, germination rate, germination uniformity index, seedling dry weight, Vigor index), there was a significant difference at probability level there was a percentage. Weed seeds of Malva neglecta were more successful in germination traits than other two weeds, and Echinochloa crus-galli weed seeds also had better reaction to burnout in the depositional traits. Weed seeds of Sorghum halepense showed the highest sensitivity to the other two weeds compared to the accelerated aging test. Therefore, burnout and salinity stress reduced all studied traits in these weeds. In general, it can be concluded that the burnout of seeds under conditions of salinity stress reduces the germination characteristics and weed deployment of weeds tested. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
105 - Evaluation the effects of drought Stress Induced by Polyethylene glycol on germination and seedling growth of maize hybrids
Mohammad Moradi Ahmad Hasnaki Fard Mohammad MotamediWater deficit is a common and major constrain for agricultural production in arid and semi-arid parts of the world like Iran, to the extent that it might threaten the nation’s food security in years to come. Seed germination is a crucial growth stage that is often MoreWater deficit is a common and major constrain for agricultural production in arid and semi-arid parts of the world like Iran, to the extent that it might threaten the nation’s food security in years to come. Seed germination is a crucial growth stage that is often affected by environmental stresses, including drought. This study investigated the effects of four levels of water osmotic potential (i.e. 0, -3, -6 and -9 bar) on germination and seedling characteristics, of three maize hybrids )SC500, SC640 and SC704). According to the results, different levels of drought stress, type of cultivar and intraction beatween them had significant effect on measured characteristics. Results also showed that significant decrease was observed in the percentage and rate of germination, radicule and plumule of long and weight and seedling total dry matter. SC500 as a drought-tolerant hybrid, indicated the greatest germination percentage radicle and plumule length, radicle and plumule dry weight than the other cultivars. So, this hybrid was more tolerance to water stress. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
106 - The Effect of Drought Stress on Germination and Early Growth of Sesamum indicum Seedling’s Varieties under Laboratory Conditions
Mohammad Hossein Bijeh keshavarziEnvironmental stresses specially drought, play an important role in decreasing plant growth, particularly during germination in dry and semi dry area. To considering the effect of drought stress caused by polyethylene glycol on germination and characteristics of 2 spice MoreEnvironmental stresses specially drought, play an important role in decreasing plant growth, particularly during germination in dry and semi dry area. To considering the effect of drought stress caused by polyethylene glycol on germination and characteristics of 2 spices of Sesamum indicum, we had done factorial and complete accidental plot with 4 treatments and 3 times repetition. Experimental treatments included osmotic potential in 4 levels (0, -4, -6, -10 bar) which was produced by polyethylene glycol 6000 and 2 sesame species (Safi Abadi and Dezfol). All data had been analyzed by SAS software and comparison of means had been done by Duncan test at 5% probable level. The results showed that, percentage and speed of all spices’ germination decline by osmotic potential enhancement. Other measured parameters such as radicle and coleoptile length, dry and wet weight declined by increasing osmotic potential as well. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
107 - Investigating the Effect of Green Nanoparticles of Silver (AgNPs) and Gibberellic Acid (GA) on Some Morphophysiological and Germination Characteristics of (Astragalus Gossypinus Fisher)
Reza Dehghani BidgoliFor this purpose, this study was carried out with the aim of the best treatment for breaking the dormancy and improving the germination characteristics of white currant seed under the influence of various chemical and physical treatments. (Astraglus gossypinus) Fisher. MoreFor this purpose, this study was carried out with the aim of the best treatment for breaking the dormancy and improving the germination characteristics of white currant seed under the influence of various chemical and physical treatments. (Astraglus gossypinus) Fisher. Is one of the most valuable and productive plants of the highest quality gum, which is very important in protecting the soil and economy of the country. In order to investigate the effect of silver nanoparticle (AgNPs) and Gibberellic acid (GA) on (Astraglus gossypinus) germination, a factorial experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design (CRD) with 4 replications in 1397. Experimental treatments consisted of priming with gibberellic acid in 4 levels (0 as control, 100, 150 and 300 ppm) and silver nanoparticles in 4 levels (0 as control, 0.05, 0.1 and 0.2 W/V) for 4 hours at 25 ° C. The results of the experiments showed that gibberellic acid, silver nanoparticles, and interactions of treatments at 1% probability level on all studied traits including germination percentage, root length, stem length, germination coefficient, and relative water content, chlorophyll a, b and total chlorophyll were significant. Also, the use of 100 ppm gibberellic acid increased the root length by 25%, but with increasing gibberellic acid concentration, root and shoot length decreased compared to control. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
108 - The effects of silicate and silicon nanoparticles on seed germination and growth parameters of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.)
Sanam Nazaralian Ahmad Majd Saeed Irian Farrokh Ghahremaninejad Farzaneh Najafi Maria GregerThe addition of silica increase plant biomass growth. The aim of this study was to find out if silicate and nano silica (SiNP) influence the growth processes in fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) similarly. Plants were grown from seed with 0-2.5 mM of sodium silic MoreThe addition of silica increase plant biomass growth. The aim of this study was to find out if silicate and nano silica (SiNP) influence the growth processes in fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) similarly. Plants were grown from seed with 0-2.5 mM of sodium silicate and SiNP in hydroculture for up to 30 days. Germination, seedlings development and other growth parameters in fenugreek plantsas well as Si uptake was examined. The results showed that Si concentration in root and shoot increased with Si addition. Seed germination and vitality index increased with Si at day 4 after seeding, but the effect was then levelled out. Seedlings length and fresh weight (FW), whole plant length and leaf area increased while dry weight (DW) and DW: FW ratio of shoot and radicle length decreased with silicate and SiNP treatment. The root central cylinder increased in diameter in young roots and the lignified tissue of the endodermis cells increased in thickness. The effects by silicate and SiNP was similar but the increase in whole plant length and cell wall thickness and the decrease in DW: FW ratio of shoot and radicle length was slightly more pronounced with SiNP than with silicate.In conclusion, both silicate and SiNP in general have similar effects on plant growth and therefore SiNP can be used instead of silicate. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
109 - Effect of seed priming on germination characteristics and some antioxidant enzymes activity of Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) under drought stress conditions
Ahmad AfkariSeed pre-treatment technique has been introduced as a germination and establishment enhancer under environmental stress. In order to study the effects of priming on germination characteristics growth and some antioxidant enzymes activity of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) u MoreSeed pre-treatment technique has been introduced as a germination and establishment enhancer under environmental stress. In order to study the effects of priming on germination characteristics growth and some antioxidant enzymes activity of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) under drought stress conditions, a factorial experiment in a completely randomized design with four replications, at the physiology lab of the Islamic Azad University of Ardebil in 2013 was carried out. Experimental treatments include drought stress at four levels (0, -4, -8 and -12 bar) and three pre-treatments including potassium nitrate with concentrations of 1% and 2%, water as hydro priming and control treatment. The results showed that the effect of drought stress and priming on germination components and antioxidant enzymes was significant. The results showed that drought stress reduced the percentage of germination, pace of germination, rootlet length, seedling length and increased activity of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase and ascorbate peroxidase enzymes. The results of the comparison of mean interactions of drought stress and priming showed that the maximum activity of Antioxidant enzymes were obtained by pre-treatment of potassium nitrate with a concentration of 1% in a -12 bar drought level. In general, it can be concluded that basil seed pre-treatment with 1% potassium nitrate improves the basil germination parameters under drought stress conditions and increased the tolerance of basil plant to drought stress by increasing the activity of antioxidant enzymes in the germination stage. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
110 - Effect of Nanoparticles of Selenium (Nano-Se) and Rice bran Extract on Germination and Some Morphophysiological Characteristics of (Astragalus adscendens Boissier)
Reza Dehghani BidgoliIn order to investigate the effect of seeds priming of Astragalus adscendens with Rice bran extract and potassium nitrate (Nano-Se) solution in the early stages of germination, a factorial experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design (CRD) with four replic MoreIn order to investigate the effect of seeds priming of Astragalus adscendens with Rice bran extract and potassium nitrate (Nano-Se) solution in the early stages of germination, a factorial experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design (CRD) with four replications conducted at the botany Lab of the Department of Biotechnology, University of Kashan, in 2017. Experimental treatments consisted of priming with Rice bran extrac solution at 4 levels (zero as control, 0. 1, 0.2 and 0.5 (percentage of weight - Volume: w/v), and Nano-Se in 4 levels (zero as control, 0.04, 0.08 and 0.1) w/v for 2 hours at 25 ° C. The results of the experiments showed that Rice bran extract, Nano-Se solution and interaction of treatments were significant at the 1 % level on all studied traits, including germination percentage, root length, stem length, germination coefficient, relative content of water, chlorophyll a, b and total chlorophyll content. Also, the use of rice bran extract 0.1% increased the 15%. of root length but with Increasing the concentrations of bran extract root and shoot length decreased compared to control. Also, seeds priming with rice bran extract 0.2% and Nano- Se 0.8% increased the root length 37%. The highest germination percentage, the content of chlorophyll a and b, and stem length were obtained by applying 0.11% w / v Rice bran extract solution with 0.1% w/v of Nano-Se . Also, applying these treatments alone had positive and significant effects on the studied traits. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
111 - The alteration of germination percentage and leaf stomatal features of black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) subjected to drought and salinity stresses.
Shiva Aghajanzadeh Gheshlaghi Maryam Peyvandi Ahmad Majd Hosein AbbaspourBlack cumin (Nigella sativa L.) as an herbal plant with high medicinal and economical usage, belongs to Rannunculaceae family. Due to the economic and medicinal importance of this plant and the seriousness of salinity and drought problems in Iran, in this study, the eff MoreBlack cumin (Nigella sativa L.) as an herbal plant with high medicinal and economical usage, belongs to Rannunculaceae family. Due to the economic and medicinal importance of this plant and the seriousness of salinity and drought problems in Iran, in this study, the effect of salinity and drought stress on germination percentage and stomatal changes was investigated. The experiment was performed based on completely randomized design with three replications in the pot condition. To create different levels of drought and salinity, two days/ three days of drought and 30, 60 mM NaCl were used respectively. Germination percentage was recorded daily by placing 10 seeds in Petri-dish. Leaf stomata traits were studied using a light microscope two months after treatment. Variance analysis results showed that increasing drought and salinity stress reduced germination percentage. Drought stress also had a greater effect on reducing the size of the pore so that the diameter and the length of the pore showed a significant decrease and the pores were elongated, which shows the effect of dry stress on the closing stomata. Also, high salinity stress (60 mM NaCl) caused a significant increase in pore width and had no significant effect on other stomatal characteristics. The applied drought and salinity stresses did not show a significant increase in the number of stomata. According to the stomatal reaction in different levels of draught stress rather than salinity, it could be indicated the higher sensitivity of this plant to drought treatments. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
112 - Investigating the effect of pretreatment of chickpea Adl cultivar (Cicer arietinum L) with Nano Titanium dioxide on germination and seedling characteristics.
zahra fasahat zohreh jafari zahra Goodarzywith increasing in production and trade of chickpeas(Cicer arietinum ), the need to improve its production methods is felt more and more, so that in producing countries, research on its cultivation has been given more attention.Today, One of the problems faced by farmer Morewith increasing in production and trade of chickpeas(Cicer arietinum ), the need to improve its production methods is felt more and more, so that in producing countries, research on its cultivation has been given more attention.Today, One of the problems faced by farmers in developing countries is the poor condition of soil structure, which causes problems such as reduced germination rate, uneven growth of germinated plants and as a result of their unequal competition with each other in the use of resources such as light, Nutrients and water, this causes differences in plant biomass and ultimately yield.One of the methods to overcome this problem is the use of seed pretreatment before germination (priming) and in this regard, this study was conducted to investigate the effect of nanopriming (Nano Titanium dioxide) on seed germination and plant growth parameters on (Cicer arietinum ).The results showed nanopriminng with Nano Titanium dioxide was significant on the parameters of stem dry weight and root dry weight but not significant on root length ,stem length ,root wet weight, stem wet weight ,plant wet weight ,total dry weight and speed germination. The studies were performed with SPSS software and Duncan test.Finally, it is concluded that seed pretreatment before germination with Titanium Nanoxide is effective and increases the production of chickpeas, the positive effect of this compound on other plants had been previously reviewed and confirmed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
113 - The studies of different culture methods in ors (Juniperus seravshanica)
Farkhondeh Rezanejad Farzaneh Farzan Elaheh ZamaniBahramabadi Farzad Ganjalikhani hakemiJuniperus is the second most prevalent group of conifers on Earth. The reduction in viable seeds and natural regeneration is an important problem of Juniperus. Juniperus seravschanica is important in soil protection and is very resistant to frost and drought too. In thi MoreJuniperus is the second most prevalent group of conifers on Earth. The reduction in viable seeds and natural regeneration is an important problem of Juniperus. Juniperus seravschanica is important in soil protection and is very resistant to frost and drought too. In this study, seed number in cone, seed emptiness and germination were studied on filter paper, peatmoss+ perlite mixture and in field in Galuchar, sarbijan and Dalfard (Kerman province) in populations. In addition, shoot proliferation and rooting in pot and in vitro culture was assayed. The average number of cone seeds in Glochar, Serbijan and Delfard was 4.86, 3.69 and 3.21, respectively. The average number of full seeds per cone was 1.1, 0.22 and 0.1 (22, 5.96 and 3.1%, respectively) in Glochar, Sarbijan and Dalfard, showing 78, 94 and 97% emptiness, respectively. In all media, seed germination percentage was very low (2-5%). No germination was observed in seeds without cold treatment as well as without scarification (making a hole in seed coat). 20 cm young shoots, after cold treatment and rapid immersion in IBA, grew as normal until 4 week and finally dried after 5-6 weeks. The young shoots (1-1.5 cm) cultured in MS and WPM media proliferated and regenerated new branches in WPM (40% regeneration) and MS (57%) media in combination of BAP and NAA (2+3 and 0.2+3 mgl-1, respectively for WPM and MS). No rooting was observed using IBA after 24 weeks. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
114 - The effect of cell phone waves on seeds germination and seedlings growth indices of Chia (Salvia hispanica L.)
Najmeh Golshan Sedigheh Arbabian Maryam Peyvandi masoomeh mirzaiDue to the increasing use of mobile devices in the world, there are many concerns about the possible effects of the waves emitted by them on the health of living organisms. In recent years, many studies have been conducted to investigate the possible biological effects MoreDue to the increasing use of mobile devices in the world, there are many concerns about the possible effects of the waves emitted by them on the health of living organisms. In recent years, many studies have been conducted to investigate the possible biological effects of these waves. In this study, the effect of cell phone waves on germination of chia seeds (Salvia hispanica L.) has been investigated. After placing the seeds in the petri dish, the mobile phone was placed on the surface of the petri dish and activated by calling another phone. The seeds were exposed to mobile phone waves 3 times a day for 15 minutes for 3 minutes. Another group of seeds were examined as controls without exposure to cell phone waves. The results showed that cell phone waves increased the germination percentage of seeds and increased the average length of roots and stems of chia seeds. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
115 - The effect of electromagnetic waves on the rate of germination and the anatomical structure of two types of salvia plants
zahra goodarzi Sedigheh Arbabian masoomeh mirzai ahmad majdIn order to investigate the effect of electromagnetic waves on the germination of ornamental and medicinal sage seeds, an experiment was conducted in the form of a completely randomized design in three replications in the greenhouse of the Karaj Botanical Garden. The ex MoreIn order to investigate the effect of electromagnetic waves on the germination of ornamental and medicinal sage seeds, an experiment was conducted in the form of a completely randomized design in three replications in the greenhouse of the Karaj Botanical Garden. The experimental treatments included: control, electromagnetic waves of 3 millitesla for a period of 30 and They were 60 minutes. After the test period, germinated seeds were counted and traits such as germination percentage, germination speed, length of roots and stems, fresh weight and dry weight of roots were measured.The results showed that the applied treatments had a significant effect on germination and the traits measured on the seeds compared to the control, and the treatment of 60 minutes of electromagnetic waves had the greatest effect on all the traits measured. concluded that the treatment of sage seeds by electromagnetic waves can improve and stimulate and increase germination parameters and growth dynamics in sage plants. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
116 - Investigating the Germination Characteristics of Poterium sanguisorba Seeds under the Influence of Thermal Treatments for Pasture Establishment
Reyhaneh Azimi Gholam Ali Heshmati Mohammad Kia Kianian Samira Hossein Jafari -
Open Access Article
117 - Evaluation of SiO2 Nanoparticles Effects on Seed Germination in Astragalus squarrosus
Reyhane Azimi Gholam Ali Heshmati Reza Kavandi -
Open Access Article
118 - Effects of Silica and Silver Nanoparticles on Seed Germination Traits of Thymus kotschyanus in Laboratory Conditions
Masoomeh Abbasi Khalaki Ardavan Ghorbani Mehdi Moameri -
Open Access Article
119 - Investigating the Effects of Pod Elimination on Salinity Tolerance in Annual Medic (Medicago scutellata L.)
Farzaneh Fakhari Hossein Sadeghi -
Open Access Article
120 - Cryopreservation of Smirnovia iranica (Sabeti) Seeds and Evaluation of Cryopreserved Seeds under Laboratory, Greenhouse and Natural Habitat Conditions
Mohebbat Ali Naderi Shahab Maryam Jebelli Ali Ashraf Jafari -
Open Access Article
121 - Investigating Allelopathic Effects of Artemisia sieberi on Seed Germination and Seedling Growth Indices of Three Alfalfa Species
Marzieh Nasiri Ahangar Somaieh Dehdari Zohreh Khorsandi Kouhanestani Fariba Noedoost -
Open Access Article
122 - Effect of Salinity and Drought Stresses on Seed Germination of Thymus satureioides
Brahim Ouahzizi Hamza Elbouny Khalid Sellam Chakib Alem Abdelmonaim Homrani Bakali -
Open Access Article
123 - Evaluation of Profitability of Seed Priming for Improvement Seed Germination Performance of Two Rangeland Plants (Festuca ovina and Bromus tomentellus) under Drought Conditions
Hamdollah Eskandari Ashraf Alizadeh Amraie -
Open Access Article
124 - Effect of Silver Nanoparticles on Seed Germination and Seedling Growth in Thymus vulgaris L. and Thymus daenensis Celak under Salinity Stress
Mansoureh Ghavam -
Open Access Article
125 - Treatments for the Optimization of Salsola turcomanica (Litv) Seed Germination and the Effects of Different Drought and Salinity Levels
Armin Arrekhi Hamid Niknahad Gharmakher Johann Bachinger Ralf Bloch -
Open Access Article
126 - Effect of Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) on the Seed Germination, Seedling Growth and Photosynthetic Pigments of Astragalus caragana under Drought Stress
Marzieh Sabeti Pejman Tahmasebi Elham Ghehsareh Ardestani Farzaneh Nikookhah -
Open Access Article
127 - Investigating the Soil Seed Bank and Its Relation with the Aboveground Vegetation along an Elevation Gradient in Kashan, Iran
zeinab Soleimaninejad Mansureh Ghavam Ali Tavili Zeinab Toluei -
Open Access Article
128 - Germplasm Collection and Germination Rate Determination of Desmodium dichotomum in Eastern Amhara, Ethiopia
Hunegnaw Kassaw -
Open Access Article
129 - Promotion of Seed Germination and Seedling Growth in Zygophyllum atriplicoides using Chemical, Mechanical, and Biological Priming Treatments
Seyed Hassan Kaboli Neda Ebrahimi Mohamad Abadi Farhad Rejali Ali Asghar Zolfaghari -
Open Access Article
130 - An efficient method in breaking of dormancy from Bunium luristanicum seeds
Mohsen Zafaranieh Masoud Ziae -
Open Access Article
131 - The effect of facilitators on enhancement of seed germination, seedling growth and establishment in some plant species
parvin rokhforoz Ardavan Ghorbani Mehdi Moameri zeynab hazbavi Masoomeh Abbasi khalaki sudabeh gharemahmoodli -
Open Access Article
132 - Planting Methods and Seedling Establishment of Artemisia sieberi Besser: Seeds Collected from Isfahan Kolah Ghazi Sagebrush Vegetations
A. Jabarzare M. Bassiri H. Yeganeh -
Open Access Article
133 - Effects of Salinity and Drought Stresses on Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of Desert Wheatgrass Agropyron desertorum
Hamid Reza Saeedi Goraghani Ghodrat Alah Heidary Mojtaba Solaimani Sardo -
Open Access Article
134 - Effect of Different Treatments on Improving Seed Germination Characteristics of Astragalus adscendens and Astragalus podolobus
Ali Tavili Mahsa Mirdashtvan Rezvan Alijani Masoud Yousefi Salman Zare -
Open Access Article
135 - Investigation of Chilling Effects on Characteristics of Seed Germination, Vigor and Seedling Growth of Nepeta spp. Species
Marzieh Asgari Mohsen Nasiri Ali Ashrafe Jafari Leila Flah Hoseini -
Open Access Article
136 - Effects of Salinity Stress on Seed Germination Characteristics of Two Medicinal Species Thymus kotschyanus and T. daenensis
Mohammad Bagheri Hassan Yeganeh Eisa Bandak Yaser Ghasemi Aryan -
Open Access Article
137 - Germination, Growth and Uptake of Heavy Metals in Contaminated Soils (Hordeum bulbosum L.)
Mahdieh Ebrahimi -
Open Access Article
138 - The effect of sowing date on peanut seed vigor and yield
zahra rastegar Farshid Ghaderi-Far Hamidreza Sadeghipour Ebrahim ZeinaliDetermination of proper time for planting and harvesting has special importance. For determination of proper time of maturity with high vigor and yield, an experiment was conducted in two crop years in complete block design in research station of Gorgan University of Ag MoreDetermination of proper time for planting and harvesting has special importance. For determination of proper time of maturity with high vigor and yield, an experiment was conducted in two crop years in complete block design in research station of Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources (GUASNR). In first and second year the study was performed in five and two planting dates respectively. The Sampling repeats weekly when seed developed in pods and were transferred immediately to the laboratory. Seed germination and moisture content was determined and electrical conductivity test was measured after drying the seeds. Results showed that seed moisture content in final stage, germination percentage, electrical conductivity, seeds filling rate, seed filling period and seedling vigor were significantly affected by planting date. Seeds which planted early had lower moisture content in harvest time and higher germination percentage than seeds which planted late. Different sowing date significantly affected seed yield in the first year, while in the second year delay sowing had no significant effect on total seed yield. Reduce seed filling period in late planting date of first year and facing this period with the end of season rainfall led to significant decrease in seed vigor and quality. results suggested between weather parameters, temperature and rainfall during seed filling period had significant effects on peanut seed vigor and yield. So adjusting planting date according to location weather condition could results high quality and vigor seeds in harvest time. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
139 - Evaluation of the yield and germination indices of maize hybrid seed (Zea mays .L cv KSC704) in different sowing dates and plant density of parental lines
عنایت رضوانی فرشید حسنیIn order to study the effect of different sowing dates and planting densities of female parent on yield and seed quality of hybrid maize KSC704, an experiment was conducted as split plot during two years of 2012 and 2013 in Karaj. Sowing dates was selected as early, med MoreIn order to study the effect of different sowing dates and planting densities of female parent on yield and seed quality of hybrid maize KSC704, an experiment was conducted as split plot during two years of 2012 and 2013 in Karaj. Sowing dates was selected as early, medium and late planting. Plant density selected in five levels for female parent B73. After harvesting the seeds that pollinated by male parent, yield and its components, laboratory germination, seed emergence in the field, mean emergence time (MET) and dry weight of emerged seedling was evaluated. The results showed that sowing date and plant density had significant effect on these traits in both years. The highest yield gained by early planting date and plant density above 50000 plants per hectare. The yield and its components in the first year (6130kg/ha) were greater than the second year (4990 kg/ha). The highest percentage of normal seedlings was observed in late sowing date and 40000 plants per hectare in both years. Because of heat stress in second year, the average indices of seed quality at the first year were higher than the second year, except MET. In general, to prevent the harmful effects of environmental stress especially heat stress at the critical stages of seed development, and for enhancement the seed quality, reasonable delaying at sowing date and plant population of 50000 per hectare might be recommended. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
140 - Effects of Physiological and Morphological Variation in Gene expression PEAMT1 and PEAMT2 drought resistant and sensitive genotypes of bread wheat
Mahdi RoozrokhTo study the response of wheat genotypes to drought and the effects of gene expression, experiments were conducted in a factorial based on randomized complete and randomized complete blocks designs with three replications respectively, in laboratory and greenhouse, duri MoreTo study the response of wheat genotypes to drought and the effects of gene expression, experiments were conducted in a factorial based on randomized complete and randomized complete blocks designs with three replications respectively, in laboratory and greenhouse, during 2015, at Islamic Azad University of Kermanshah,Iran. factors of the designs were included twenty wheat genotypes (Ten drought-resistant and sensitive genotypes) and six levels of osmotic potential. Molecular biology technologies were conducted in faculty of pharmacy ,University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran. The results showed that, drought resistant genotypes, Pishtaz,Azar2 and Parsi were Forty percentage, date and rate of germination superior to the drought-sensitive genotypes,Pishgam,Owhadi and Rasad. Root dry weight in the Parsi genotype with 78.99 mg, the maximum amount and more than three times the lowest root dry weight of 24.08 mg was observed in Rasad genotype.in greenhouse High and low limit values of the percentage,date and rate of emergence and plants weight Belonged to drought-resistant genotype,Parsi and drought-sensitive genotype, Pishgam,respectively Increased drought stress in Parsi genotype increased the gene expression TaPMT1,which clearly demonstrates the involvement of this gene at least at the level of gene expression in response to osmotic stress that due to no significant changes expression in sensitive genotype,Pishgam ,can be this gene as a main candidate for further investigation proposed at the level of molecular biology. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
141 - The effect of hydropriming on germination and vegetative traits of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill) under salinity stress conditions
khadijeh abbaszadeh mehdi sheykhpour farzin Abdolahi gholamReza sharifi- sirchiAbstract Priming is one of the seed enhancement methods that under stress conditions, such as salinity, temperature and drought, may result in increased seed performance (germination and emergence). This study was performed to evaluate the effects of priming on seed MoreAbstract Priming is one of the seed enhancement methods that under stress conditions, such as salinity, temperature and drought, may result in increased seed performance (germination and emergence). This study was performed to evaluate the effects of priming on seed germination, seedling emergence and establishment and yield performance of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill) landrace from Shiraz under salinity stress at laboratory and field conditions. This study was conducted as a factorial with three replicates in a completely randomized design in the laboratory and complete randomized block design in the field. Treatments included combinations of three levels of hydropriming time (0, 12 and 24h) and four levels of salinity (0, 2.5, 5 and 7.5 ds/m) for field study with three replications. Results indicated that with increase in the stress levels, germination traits such as germination percent and rate, root and seedling length and dry weight, significantly decreased, while this decrease in primed seeds was less. In the field, seedling emergence rate and percentage, plant height, biological yield, weight of 1000 seeds and grain yield were significantly increased by hydropriming. Hydropriming treatment reduced the negative effects of salt stress on the fennel seeds and plants, so that in all traits, maximum improving effects was observed with 24h of hydropriming and this treatment significantly decreased the effects of salt stress. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
142 - Allelopathic effect of sunflower residues extract on wheat and rapeseed germination
F. MomtaziIn order to evaluating allelopathy of sunflower residue extract on wheat and rapeseed germination and seedling growth an experiment was conducted in 2016 at Shiraz in Completely Randomized Design with four replication. Five concentration of sunflower extract consisted o MoreIn order to evaluating allelopathy of sunflower residue extract on wheat and rapeseed germination and seedling growth an experiment was conducted in 2016 at Shiraz in Completely Randomized Design with four replication. Five concentration of sunflower extract consisted of 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 percent was evaluated in two wheat cultivars (Pishtaz and Darab2) and two rapeseed cultivars (Talaye and Elite). Results showed that sunflower extract significantly affected the germination percentage and rate, root length and shoot length in both rapeseed and wheat seed. By increasing concentration all traits reduced but, there was no significant differences between control and 25% concentration. In rapeseed there was no significant differences between 75 and 100% concentration and there was no germination in these both concentrations. Darab 2 and Talaye showed more sensitivity against sunflower concentration in wheat and rapeseed respectively. IN CONSLUSION YHE RESULTS SHOWED THAT there was some inhibitory substances in sunflower residue that could be use in weed management programs. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
143 - Allelopathic effects of some common weeds of Hormozgan province on seed germination and vegetative growth of onion (Allium cepa)
L. Jafari F. AbdollahiIn order to investigation of allelopathic activity of aqueous extract and different plant tissues residues of Amaranthus retroflexus, Portulaca oleracea, Chenopodiunm album, Dactyloctenium aegyptyum and Malva neglecta on seed germination and seedling growth of onion, la MoreIn order to investigation of allelopathic activity of aqueous extract and different plant tissues residues of Amaranthus retroflexus, Portulaca oleracea, Chenopodiunm album, Dactyloctenium aegyptyum and Malva neglecta on seed germination and seedling growth of onion, laboratory and pot experiments were performed as a factorial experiment basis of a completely randomized design with three replications in Horticultural science Department of Hormozgan University. In laboratory experiment, studied factors were included five weeds species, six concentrations (0, 1, 2, 4, 8 and 10 ml) of aqueous extract of different tissues (leaf, stem and root) of tested weeds and in pot study, experimental factors included five weeds species, six amounts (0, 1, 2, 4, 8 and 16 gram per pot) of ground residues of different tissues (leaf, stem and root) of studied weeds. Results of this study indicated that in laboratory experiment, A. retroflexus and D. aegyptyum had the most allelopathic effects on onion. Although in most of the studied traits no significant differences were observed between these two weeds, but inhibition effects of A. retroflexus was higher for germination rate, radicel length and dry weight and seedling dry weight. With increase in extract concentrations, almost of onion seedling growth characteristics decreased significantly. Results of pot experiment showed that the weed residues incorporated in soil inhibited the growth and leaf chlorophyll a content of onion. Both A. retroflexus and D. aegyptyum had the maximum inhibition effects on all of onion vegetative growth trails. But A. retroflexus allelopathic effects on seedling emergence percentage and chlorophyll a content were more obvious. Results of this study indicated that since between studied weed species, A. retroflexus and D. aegyptyum had the most allelopathic effects on onion seed germination and vegetative growth characteristics, therefore these two weeds must be controlled completely before onion cultivation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
144 - The allelopatic effect of extract of different organ of wheat cultivars (Triticum aestivum L.( on germination and growth characteristics of rye (Secale cereal L.)
M. Negahdari R. Hosseini Monfared M. Safarpoor M. Sharifi S. Paydar N. KarimiIn order to evaluation of extract in different organs of wheat cultivars (Triticum aestivum L.) on growth characteristics of rye (Secale cereal. L), an experiment was conducted in Islamic Azad University of Arsenjan using twenty wheat cultivars in 2010. The research was MoreIn order to evaluation of extract in different organs of wheat cultivars (Triticum aestivum L.) on growth characteristics of rye (Secale cereal. L), an experiment was conducted in Islamic Azad University of Arsenjan using twenty wheat cultivars in 2010. The research was conducted in a factorial experiment on the basis of randomized complete design with three replications. Extracts from the three organs (leaves, roots and stems) of twenty wheat varieties separately in four different concentrations (0, 25, 50 and 100%) applied on rye and germination percentage, radicle and hypocotyle length, radicle and hypocotyle fresh weight. The results showed that root extract had lower potential in germination inhabitation compared with stem and leaf. With increasing extract concentration reduced germination percentage, radicle and hypocotyle length, radicle and hypocotyle fresh weight, as 100% concentration were not observed on germination and growth in rye. Also inhibitory among the different parts of wheat extract was different and leaf and stem had higher allelopthic effects compared with root. Considerable variation was observed in inhibitory of wheat cultivars. The most inhabitation between cultivars observed in Sabalan and Moghan1, 2 and the lowest inhabitation observed in Kavir cultivar. It seems in regions where the problem of wheat field is rye weed, Sabalan and Moghan cultivar could be recommended to control the weed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
145 - Optimizing Seed Germination and Growth of Seedlings in Persian Walnut
Ahmad Raoufi Kourosh Vahdati Soheil Karimi Mahmoud Reza Roozban -
Open Access Article
146 - Evaluation of Breeding Strategies for Pistachio Male Genotypes Based on Flowering Index, Pollen Traits, and Female Yield Elements
Mohammad Mahmoudi Meymand Mohammad Shamshiri Ahmad Raoufi -
Open Access Article
147 - The Effect of Flowering Time on Seed Dormancy Breaking of Almond
A. Torabi A. Imani -
Open Access Article
148 - Determining the Pollinizer for Pecan Cultivars
Fereidoon Ajamgard Majid Rahemi Kourosh Vahdati -
Open Access Article
149 - The Interaction Effects of Boron and Plant Growth Regulators on Pollen Germination of Almond
Z. Samiee Rad A. Imani M. Salmani -
Open Access Article
150 - Effects of Copper and Lead on Pollen Germination Traits in Almond Cultivars
Y. Sharafi -
Open Access Article
151 - Effects of Pre-germination Treatment on the Phytate and Phenolic Contents of Almond Nuts
Liang Lin Lin Freda Xin You Giam Xin Min Foo Nadia Marie Hui Lian Yeo Charlene Jia Ling Koh Nur Hatika Binte Sa’Aban Wai Mun Loke -
Open Access Article
152 - Growth Inhibition of Aspergillus flavus Isolated from Pistachio by Secondary Metabolites
s. Alizadeh-Salteh -
Open Access Article
153 - تأثیر کلروپیریفوس و مالاتیون بر جوانه زنی گرده در گوجه فرنگی و برنجال
M. Nasrabadi N. Ghayal K.N. Dhumalجوانه زنی دانه های گرده مهمترین جنبه در کوددهی و تشکیل میوه یا دانه/دانه و عملکرد است. از این رو تأثیر آفت کش ها بر جوانه زنی گرده، موضوع کلیدی در بهبود عملکرد محصول است. دانههای گرده از بساکهای گلهای کاملاً باز شده گوجهفرنگی و گیاهان برنجال تیمار شده با غلظتهای مخ Moreجوانه زنی دانه های گرده مهمترین جنبه در کوددهی و تشکیل میوه یا دانه/دانه و عملکرد است. از این رو تأثیر آفت کش ها بر جوانه زنی گرده، موضوع کلیدی در بهبود عملکرد محصول است. دانههای گرده از بساکهای گلهای کاملاً باز شده گوجهفرنگی و گیاهان برنجال تیمار شده با غلظتهای مختلف کلروپیریفوس و مالاتیون همراه با شاهد در صبح تازه جمعآوری و بلافاصله به آزمایشگاه منتقل شدند. نژاد جوانه گرده با استفاده از روش هسلوپ-هاریسون مورد مطالعه قرار گرفت. نتایج نشان داد که با افزایش غلظت کلروپیریفوس و مالاتیون، درصد مهار جوانه زنی گرده در گوجه فرنگی به شدت افزایش یافت. اما در برنجال درصد بازداری از جوانه زنی گرده معنی دار نبود و بیشتر با شاهد برابر بود. بیشترین درصد مهار جوانه زنی گرده در گوجه فرنگی تیمار شده با کلروپیریفوس 08/67 درصد و مالاتیون 19/73 درصد بود. مهار جوانه زنی گرده در برنجال تیمار شده با کلروپیریفوس 69/54 درصد و مالاتیون 76/54 درصد بود. نتایج نشان داد که مالاتیون در مقایسه با کلرو پیریفوس اثر نامطلوب بیشتری بر جوانه زنی گرده در گوجه فرنگی و برنجال دارد. غلظت های بالاتر آفت کش ها بر رشد، نمو، عملکرد و همچنین فیزیولوژی، بیوشیمی و آنزیمولوژی گیاهان تیمار شده تأثیر گذاشت. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
154 - Selecting Drought Resistant Sweet Corn Cultivars Based on Germination Percentage and Seedling Proline Content under Osmotic Potentials Stress
Ali Shahriari Adam B Puteh Ghizan B Saleh Anuar B Abdul Rahim -
Open Access Article
155 - Effect of Growing Media on the Vegetative Growth Process of F1 and F2 Tomato Varieties
ZIBA KAZEMI ABOLGHASEM HASANPOOR -
Open Access Article
156 - Allelopathic Effects of Sorghum on Milk Thistle (Silybum marianum L.) Seed Germination and Growth
HOSSEIN MOKHTARI KARCHEGANI SEYEDEH ZAHRA HOSSEINI CICI SEYED ABDOLREZA KAZEMEINI -
Open Access Article
157 - Investigation of the Effect of Burning Plant Debris on Germination and Weed Growth
MOHAMMAD BAZIAR MARYAM BEHDAD BEHROOZ SETAYESH -
Open Access Article
158 - Effect of Some Physical Treatments to Overcome Zarin-giyah (Dracocephalum kotschyi Boiss.) Seed Dormancy
MAEDEH BOHLOULI HOSSEIN ALI ASADI - GHARNEH ELHAM CHAVOSHI NAFISEH ZAMINDAR -
Open Access Article
159 - Effects of Salinity on Seed Germination and Physiological Traits of Tall Fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.)
AHMAD GHOLAMZADEH DAVOOD NADERI ELHAM ABEDI -
Open Access Article
160 - The Effects of Different Levels of Salinity on Varieties of Mung Seed Germination in Pot Condition
MOHSEN SAYYAHI HASSAN ALIREZA SHOKUHFAR -
Open Access Article
161 - effect of seed priming with gibberellic acid and salicylic acid on seed germination characteristics of turnip in different temperature conditions
masoumeh meshkinfam hesari Majid RahimizadeThis study was conducted to investigate effect of Salicylic acid and Gibberllic acid to the reaction of turnip seed temperature and relative to the pretreatment premier herbal physiology lab in azad university of bojnourd in academic year of 2015-2016 has done. The expe MoreThis study was conducted to investigate effect of Salicylic acid and Gibberllic acid to the reaction of turnip seed temperature and relative to the pretreatment premier herbal physiology lab in azad university of bojnourd in academic year of 2015-2016 has done. The experiment for factorial informat of totally random repeated for 4 times. The hormones growth promoters contains Gibberllic acid in the amount of 0, 250, 500 mg/l for 24 hours and Salicylic acid in the amount of 0, 250, 500 mg/l for 10 hours at different temperatures of 15, 20, 25, 30, 35 Ċ in 12 days germination examined. After reviewing the results can be stated, The use of seed priming increased germination rate and uniformity of emergence in different temperature conditions to 30 ° C was effective and could reduce the time to 50% germination, In general can say to use of Gibberellic acid prime at a concentration of 500 mg/l And Salicylic acid treatment with concentration of 250 mg/l At higher temperatures reduce the effects of thermal stress on Index germination and seedling components And improve the germination. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
162 - Effects of seed priming on by different physical germination, physiological and morphological characteristics in sunflower (Helianthus annuus)
S. Baser kouchebagh F. Farahvash B. Mirshekari F. Rahimzadeh Khoei H. Kazemi ArbatIn order to study the effect of different seed treatments on germination of sunflower, on experiment was conducted in laboratory and greenhouse stages with completely randomized design and three replications in laboratory and four replications in greenhouse, in research MoreIn order to study the effect of different seed treatments on germination of sunflower, on experiment was conducted in laboratory and greenhouse stages with completely randomized design and three replications in laboratory and four replications in greenhouse, in researcher Faculty of Islamic Azad University of Tabriz in 2013. Treatments included, ultrasonic treatments with maximum (3 w.m-2) and gamma and beta irradiation treatments (2 µc) for 10 minutes laser treatments (6328A°) and magnetic field (40 MT) in three time (5, 10, 15 minutes) on wet seed, hydro-priming for 24 hourse and control. Results indicate that maximum final germination percentage was by seed treatments with laser irradiation for 10 minutes (nearly by 98.33%). Cultivating after hydro-priming, seedling length ratio to control inceased 99%. Highest vigor index was magnetic field treatment for 5 minutes. Highest root length was magnetic field treatment for 15 minutes. Magnetic field treatment for 15 minutes had the most effect on plant height with 93 mm when sunflower seeds that were treated by magnetic field for 15 minutes were cultivated stem dry weight ratio to control increased nearly 121%. Lowest stem dry weight was by gamma irradiation (12.16 g). Results show that physical irradiation treatments are for recommended for increased product. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
163 - Comparison of the best seed vigor test for prediction of seedling emergence and grain yield in rapeseed
H. Soleimanzadeh D. Habibi M. N. Seyedi M. NasrollahiIn order to comparison of the best seed vigor test for predicting of seedling emergence as well as their relationship with grain yield in rapeseed, a study was conducted using 9 rapeseed cultivars (Option500, Excell, PF7045.91, Peace, Cyclone, Quantum, Q2, Golliath and MoreIn order to comparison of the best seed vigor test for predicting of seedling emergence as well as their relationship with grain yield in rapeseed, a study was conducted using 9 rapeseed cultivars (Option500, Excell, PF7045.91, Peace, Cyclone, Quantum, Q2, Golliath and Hyola401). Laboratorial tests such as germination, seed deterioration and seedling growth tests were carried out using completely randomized design and field experiment as randomized complete blocks in Agricultural Science and Natural Resources at Gorgan University in 2004–2005. The results showed that germination velocity (germination test) had the highest relationship with seedling emergence in field and the equation estimated 84% of variation in prediction of seedling emergence using linear regression. The results obtained from variable option in the mode of stepwise procedure showed that only germination velocity at germination test had significant effect in prediction of seedling emergence in field. Thus this factor can be used for prediction of rapeseed seedling emergence in field. The results also showed that the correlation between seed vigor (rapid, uniformity and germination percentage) with grain yield was not significant when optimum plant density was present in the field. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
164 - The effects of salinity on germination of three clover species(Trifolium spp.)
N. AbdiThe effects of salinity levels of NaCl were examined on seed germination of three clover species: Trifolium pratense, T. resupinatum and T. repens. Salinity levels comprised of 0 (control), 50, 100, 150, 200, 250 and 300 milimolar NaCl. Treatments were arranged factoria MoreThe effects of salinity levels of NaCl were examined on seed germination of three clover species: Trifolium pratense, T. resupinatum and T. repens. Salinity levels comprised of 0 (control), 50, 100, 150, 200, 250 and 300 milimolar NaCl. Treatments were arranged factorial design and were compared in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with three replications. Results showed clover species, salinity levels and their interactions had a significant effect on germination percentage of clovers. As the level of salinity increased, seed germination decreased. In regard to salinity tolerance at germination stage,T. resupinatum was the most tolerant species and T. pratense and T. repens, were ranked as the second and third grade respectively. As the level of salinity increased,the percentage of abnormal seedling on T. resupinatum, the percentage of hard un-germinated seeds On T.pratense and the percentage of smooth un-germinated seeds on T. repens, were increased Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
165 - Effect of seed priming with gibberellic acid and salicylic acid on seed germination characteristics of turnip in different temperature conditions
M. Meshing Fam M. Rahimi ZadehThis study was conduct to investigate effect of Salicylic acid and Gibberellic acid to the reaction of turnip seed temperature and relative to the pretreatment premier herbal physiology lab in Azad University of bojnourd in academic year of 2015-2016 has done. The exper MoreThis study was conduct to investigate effect of Salicylic acid and Gibberellic acid to the reaction of turnip seed temperature and relative to the pretreatment premier herbal physiology lab in Azad University of bojnourd in academic year of 2015-2016 has done. The experiment for factorial in format of very random repeated for 4 times. The hormones growth promoters contain in the amount of 0, 250, 500 mg/l for 24 hours and Salicylic acid in the amount of 0, 250, 500 mg/l for 10 hours at different temperatures of 15, 20, 25, 30, 35 Ċ in 12 days' germination examined. After reviewing the results can be stated that the use of seed priming increased germination rate and uniformity of emergence in different temperature conditions to 30 ° C was effective and could reduce the time to 50% germination, In general can say to use of Gibberellic acid prime at a concentration of 500 mg/l And Salicylic acid treatment with concentration of 250 mg/l At higher temperatures reduce the effects of thermal stress on Index germination and seedling components And improve the germination Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
166 - Study of priming on the germination traits of corn (K. Sc640)
reza Rezaei Sokhat Abandani ahmad Mohseni mehdi Ramezani hamid reza Mobassar To study of priming effect on characteristics of germination in corn seedling, an experiment was done based on CRD with three replications in the farm research of Qaemshahr Islamic Azad University in 2010. Treatments were considered as polyethylene glycol (P More To study of priming effect on characteristics of germination in corn seedling, an experiment was done based on CRD with three replications in the farm research of Qaemshahr Islamic Azad University in 2010. Treatments were considered as polyethylene glycol (PEG) with densities 5 and 10 percent, potassium nitrate (KNo3) with densities 1 and 2 percent, potassium chloride (KC1) with densities 2 and 4 percent, water and control (without prime). The results showed that the maximum germination rate for polyethylene glycol prime solution obtained with potassium nitrate with densities 10 and 1 percent and hydro priming (water) and maximum rootlet length and germination average obtained for control and potassium nitrate 1 percent. The maximum length of rootlet to prime obtained with potassium nitrate 1 percent and lowest rootlet length and stems to prime potassium nitrate and potassium chloride with densities 2 and 4 percent. The maximum germination rate index, mean daily germination and mean time to germinate obtained priming with potassium nitrate and potassium chloride with densities 2 and 4 percent and highest dry weight of rootlet to stem obtained priming potassium chloride with 4 percent. The highest wet weight rate of rootlet to stem obtained priming potassium chloride with densities 4 percent and minimum vigor ii index obtained with primed product by potassium nitrate and potassium chloride with densities 2 and 4 percent. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
167 - Effects of Osmotic Potential on Germination and some Characters in cimin (Cuminum Cyminum ) Genotypes
M. kakaei D. Kahrizi M. MansouriTo control water potential in seed germination studies osmotic solution of polyethylene glycol (PEG) are commonly used environmental stress, such as drought and (Osmotic) stress can play an important role in disturbing different stage of medical plant growth, developmen MoreTo control water potential in seed germination studies osmotic solution of polyethylene glycol (PEG) are commonly used environmental stress, such as drought and (Osmotic) stress can play an important role in disturbing different stage of medical plant growth, development, and especially seed germination in arid and regions high percent of medicines are used for people have plant origin. With attention to the development of drought area and the shortage of agricultural area, it comes in to great importance to make use of drought tolerant plant an experiment was carried out in order to study the effect of different drought (Osmotic) levels on Cuminum Cyminum in germination in a completely randomized design with three replications. Drought (Osmotic) levels applied were zero (Control), 5%, 10% and 15% (0, -0.03, -0.19 and -0.41 Mpa). The purpose of this study was to determine genotype in PEG solution had a detrimental effect on germination percentage and germination rate. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
168 - Effect of Pretreatment of Salicylic acid on Seed Germination of Wheat cultivars under different Salt Stress
M. Jiriaie E. FatehIn order to study Effect of Pretreatment of Salicylic acid on Seed Germination of Wheat cultivars(BC ROSHAN & ALVAND) under Salt Stress, an experiment was conducted in the research laboratory of Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Iran in 2011. The experimental desi MoreIn order to study Effect of Pretreatment of Salicylic acid on Seed Germination of Wheat cultivars(BC ROSHAN & ALVAND) under Salt Stress, an experiment was conducted in the research laboratory of Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Iran in 2011. The experimental design was factorial based on completely randomized design (CRD) with three replications. The treatments including of Treatments of wheat seedling cultivars (BC ROSHAN & ALVAND), salicylic acid (SA) (1mM without and with using) and Salt stress was inducted by NaCl solution (0, 3, 6, 9 and 12 dc/m) have been used. For this purpose after surface sterilization of seeds, they were soaked in SA solutions for 24 h and then dried by sterile paper then transferred in to sterile petri dishes and added 10 ml NaCl solution with different concentrations. In this experiment, in standard germination test traits of seed germination percentage, germination rate and mean of germination time and in seedling growth test traits of seedling length and dry weight of seedlings have been measured. The results showed salinity decreased seed germination of wheat cultivars in general concentration of NaCl (12 dc/m) decreased germination over 30% as compared with control. Too SA increased the seedling length and dry weight of seedlings. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
169 - The effect of priming and its period on germination and seedling growth of forage sorghum (speedfeed)
M. Ramezani R. Rezaei sokht-Abandani In order to study the effects on germination properties of forage sorghum (speedfeed) priming an experiment was performed in factorial shape and in the mould of totally accidental design in 3 replications in Qaemshahr azad university in 20 More In order to study the effects on germination properties of forage sorghum (speedfeed) priming an experiment was performed in factorial shape and in the mould of totally accidental design in 3 replications in Qaemshahr azad university in 2010. The treatments had PEG of 5 and 10 percent density, KNO3 of 1 and 2 percent density, KCL of 2 and 4 percent density and in the period of 4, 8 and 16 hours.The results showed that the most caulicle length was gained under 16 hours treatment and priming of 4 percent density. But the most caulicle KCL and seedling length was gained under time treatments and KCL priming of 4 percent density during 16 hours.The most length ratio of ridicule and caulicle CRLS was also gained by PEG priming of 10 percent density during four hours. About the most wet weight ratio R/S, and the dry weight ratio R/S, they were seen by KNO3 and PEG of 1 and 5 percent density in the period of 4 and 16 hours. The most germination rate was also gained by PEG of 10 percent density and during 8 hours. The most and the least normal bud was gained by KNO3 and KCL priming of 1 and 4 percent density in common duration of 4 hours, respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
170 - The Effect of Different Dormancy-Breaking Treatments of Two Fenel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill) ecotypes
A. SoleymaniIn order to evaluate the effects of differents treatments on seed, dormancy breaking treatments on fennel, germination stimulating and seeding growth on two fennel varieties ( Shiraz and Bushehr). In one experiment was conducted as spilet factorial in compeletly r MoreIn order to evaluate the effects of differents treatments on seed, dormancy breaking treatments on fennel, germination stimulating and seeding growth on two fennel varieties ( Shiraz and Bushehr). In one experiment was conducted as spilet factorial in compeletly randomized design with four replications in seed technology research laboratory of Islamic Azad University (Isfahan Branch) in 2014. In the experiment cold stratification levels were main plots and factorial of vareties and dormancy breaking treatments were subplots. Cold strification treatments include moist chilling for 0, 15, 30, and 45 days. Fennel varietieswere Shiraz and Bushehr. Dormancy breaking treatments included the following: 10 µm 6-benzylaminopurine (BA); 10 FM kinetin (KI); 6-benzylaminopurine +gibberellic acid, gibberellic acid + kinetin , kinetin+6-benzylaminopurine; gibberellic acid + 6-benzylaminopurine + kinetin ( with the same concentrations), distilled water ; 0/4 percent Aminol- Forte fertilizer. Chilling significantly increased , germination percentage (GP), coleoptile length (CL), radical l ength (RL), germination rate (GR), and seed - vigor index (SVI) (P>0.05). The highest values of these traits were treated for 15 days stratification. The effect of dormancy breaking treatments on all traits except germination uniformity and germination rate was significant at (P> 0.01) Treatments with BA, KI, Amino l - Forte, and distilled water significantly increased all the Characteristic parameters of fennel germination compared with those of other treatments. The Shiraz variety had significantly greate, GP, CL, RL, and SVI than those of the Busheh Variety (P>0.05). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
171 - Effecf of Mint Essence And Ultraviolet On Thyme and hock Seed Germination
B. Paykarestan M. Seify M. Anajafi S. ChavoshiIn order to Investigate the allelopathic effects of menthol and UV damage as a parameter of the effects of ozone on thyme and hock seed germination. In this research in two separate trials, the effect of menthol (25% -50% -75% and 100%) and 3 ultraviolet spe MoreIn order to Investigate the allelopathic effects of menthol and UV damage as a parameter of the effects of ozone on thyme and hock seed germination. In this research in two separate trials, the effect of menthol (25% -50% -75% and 100%) and 3 ultraviolet spectrum A (nm 400 – 320)and B (nm 320 - 290 )and C (nm290-200 ) and control based on randomized complete block design in three replications in the laboratory of Mylajrd Payam Noor University were tested. According to the results of the phenology of plant growth and seed germination in four levels and five levels of radiation considered menthol, The results showed that the highest percentage of dewatering is in seeds control varieties treatment by 81% in thyme and 74% in hock, but there are significant difference between other treatments. Based on germination percentage, highest has been in control plants thyme with 81% and control hock with the 73%, respectively, with increasing concentration of menthol in hydroponic culture from 25% to 100% ,germination has decline substantially from 77% to 51% in thyme and 71% to 39% in the hock .In addition, between the control treatment of seeds with 25% menthol treatment There was no significant difference between treatments, but treatment with 50%, 75% and 100% was seen difference significant at 1% level according to Duncan test. In examining the results of treatment by ultraviolet rays was a significant difference .control treatment has the highest performance with the germination of 81% in thyme and 70% in the hock and results show that we have treatment UVA treatment with the treatment of other ultraviolet radiation significant difference at 1% Duncan test. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
172 - The interaction study of hormonal priming and osmopriming on germination and biochemical indices of sainfoin
M. ousefi Rad M. Sharif Moghadasi A. Masomi Zavarian M. Asghari M. Nejati In order to interaction study hormonal priming and osmopriming on germination and biochemical indices sainfoin, an experiment was conducted as factorial based on randomized completely design with three replication. The first factor was thr More In order to interaction study hormonal priming and osmopriming on germination and biochemical indices sainfoin, an experiment was conducted as factorial based on randomized completely design with three replication. The first factor was three levels of non-consumption (control), 100 and 200 mg per liter consuming gibberellins and the second factor was non-consumption (control), consuming 5 and 10% polyethylene glycol. Based on the research results, pre-treatment of seeds with GA increased the percentage and rate of germination, root and shoot length, seedling dry weight, seed vigor, Amylase and peroxidase activity and the protein content. Average comparison results showed that amount of 100 mg per liter GA had the greatest influence. The results also showed that seed pre-treatment with polyethylene glycol (5%) had the best effect on measured traits and level 10% reduction root and shoot length and the protein content. In general, present research showed pre-treatment of sainfoin seeds with 100 mg per liter GA and 5% polyethylene glycol had greatest effect on germination and biochemical. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
173 - Effect of seed priming on the germination of forage maize under salt stress
M. Zadehbagheri SH. Javanmardi M. KamelmaneshGermination and seedling establishment of the major stages in the life cycle of plants is influenced by various environmental factors. This study was designed to investigate the effect of seed priming on germination characteristics of forage maize plant was done. Primin MoreGermination and seedling establishment of the major stages in the life cycle of plants is influenced by various environmental factors. This study was designed to investigate the effect of seed priming on germination characteristics of forage maize plant was done. Priming treatments included four levels (zero, 1, 2 and 3 mM), salicylic acid and salinity of 4 concentrations (zero, 1, 2 and 3%) sodium chloride, respectively. Factorial experiments in completely randomized design with three replications at the Research Lab of the Faculty of Agriculture, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz was performed. Priming with salicylic acid improve percentage rate, the germination index. The results showed that the effect of priming with salicylic acid and salinity on the percentage, speed of germination index, see Index Seed, Seedling and rootlet weight was significant. Highest percentage, speed of germination index of seeds by salicylic acid, 1 and 2 mM prim and salinity was free environment. Vigor index of seeds by salicylic acid, 1 and 2 mM prim and salinity conditions were 1% had the maximum value. Salicylic acid concentration increased to 3 mM reduced traits was assessed in this study. Seedling fresh weight of the seeds by the concentration of 2 mM prim and salinity conditions were 2 percent was highest. Interaction among different concentrations of salicylic acid and sodium chloride showed no significant difference in terms of weight rootlet. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
174 - The effects of seed priming on germination traits of Triticale in salinity stress conditions
Hamidreza KHazaie Ahmad Nezami Majid Dashti Hamidreza Mehrabadi This research was conducted in order to effects of seed priming on germination traits of salt sensitive Triticale line (ET-82-8) under salinity stress conditions. Priming treatments were done by distilled water (Hydro primed) and dif More This research was conducted in order to effects of seed priming on germination traits of salt sensitive Triticale line (ET-82-8) under salinity stress conditions. Priming treatments were done by distilled water (Hydro primed) and different osmotic potential (-1, -1.5 and -2 Mpa) of NaCl and PEG6000 for 6, 12 and 24 hours compared with dry untreated seeds. The seeds were raised and dried after priming, then planted in petri dishes. Salinity treatments were applied by different osmotic potential of NaCl (0, -0.5, -1 and 1.5 Mpa) in germinator with 20◦C temperature. Factorial experiment was used in CRD with three replications. Results showed that germination rate, root and shoot length and seed vigour significantly increased when seeds hydro primed for 6 hours in no salt stress conditions comparing to no primed seeds, while root and shoot weight and seed germination was not affected. Seed hydro priming for 24 hours negatively affected all traits in both no stress and salt stress conditions. Increased salt stress up to -1 Mpa hydro primed seeds for 6 hours showed better germination rate and vigour than no primed seeds. Seed osmopriming with NaCl and PEG6000 significantly increased length and weight of shoot compare to hydro primed seeds in moderate salt stress (-1 MPa). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
175 - Effect on Germination and Early Growth Characteristics in Wheat Plants (Triticumaestivum L.) Seeds Exposed to TiO2 Nanoparticles
Homa Mahmoodzadeh Reyhane Aghili -
Open Access Article
176 - Physiological Analysis of Silver Nanoparticles and AgNO3 Effect to Brassica napus L.
Mehrzad Sarabi Akbar Safipour Afshar Homa Mahmoodzadeh -
Open Access Article
177 - Changes Germination, Growth and Anatomy Vicia ervilia in Response to Light Crude Oil Stress
Bahareh Lorestani Nasrin Kolahchi Mahshid Ghasemi Mehrdad Cheraghi -
Open Access Article
178 - Investigation of Seed Germination, Early Growth and Physio-Biochemical Parameters of Canola Seedling Exposed to Co3O4 Engineered Nanoparticles
Malihe Jahani Ramazan Ali Khavari-Nejad Homa Mahmoodzadeh Sara Saadatmand -
Open Access Article
179 - Impact of Salinity on Tomato Seedling Development: A Comparative Study of Germination and Growth Dynamics in Different Cultivars
Ali Abdulrahman Fadhil Sajeda Y. Swaid Samar Jasim Mohammed Aswan Al-AbboodiSoil salinity is an escalating problem that significantly reduces crop yield, particularly in regions with intensive agriculture or poor irrigation practices. This study aimed to assess the impact of salinity on the germination and early growth parameters of four tomato MoreSoil salinity is an escalating problem that significantly reduces crop yield, particularly in regions with intensive agriculture or poor irrigation practices. This study aimed to assess the impact of salinity on the germination and early growth parameters of four tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) cultivars: 'Sakata', 'US-Agriseed', 'Rossen B.V.', and 'Supermarmance'. Methods: The experiment was conducted under controlled greenhouse conditions with a randomized complete block design. Seeds were exposed to five salinity treatments (0, 4, 6, 8, and 10 ds m-1), and growth parameters including germination rate, seedling length, leaf number, and wet and dry weights were measured over a two-week period. The results demonstrated that increasing salinity levels had a significant inhibitory effect on all measured growth parameters across all cultivars. Germination rates and seedling vigor decreased with increasing salinity, and a complete inhibition of growth was observed at the highest salinity levels (EC-8 and EC-10). However, variability among cultivars indicated differential salinity tolerance, with 'US-Agriseed' displaying relatively better performance under saline conditions. The study provides clear evidence that salinity levels as low as 4 dS m-1 can adversely affect the germination and seedling growth of tomato plants. The findings highlight the critical need for developing salinity management strategies and breeding programs to improve salinity tolerance in tomatoes, which could significantly mitigate the impact of salinity stress on crop productivity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
180 - Improvement of Seed Germination of Date-plum (Diospyros lotus L.) by Physical and Chemical Treatments
Pegah Sayyad-Amin Ali- Reza Shahsavar -
Open Access Article
181 - Effect of micronutrient elements on germination and seedling characteristics in sugar beet under drought stress conditions
masomeh nasiri raouf ssharifiSeeds that grow in root and stem conditions under drought conditions can be found more quickly and quickly, and in poor environmental conditions, they guarantee higher yields. The experiment was a factorial experiment with completely randomized design with three replica MoreSeeds that grow in root and stem conditions under drought conditions can be found more quickly and quickly, and in poor environmental conditions, they guarantee higher yields. The experiment was a factorial experiment with completely randomized design with three replications. The investigated factors were 8 levels of fertilizer treatment 1. Control (no spraying) 2. Pure iron (2 per thousand) 3. Pure manganese (2 per thousand) 4. Pure boron (2 per thousand) 5. Boron and manganese (4 In thousand) 6. Iron and boron (4 per thousand) 7. Iron and manganese (4 per thousand) 8. Manganese and boron (6,000) and five osmotic potential levels (0, 2-, 4-, 6-, 8-). Polyethylene glycol 6000 was used to create various osmotic potentials. With the occurrence of osmotic stress, germination speed, germination uniformity, germination percentage and traits related to root and shoot dry weight, root length and shoot length decreased significantly. Germination percentage is related to root length. The roots become green before other plant organs come out of the seed. Consequently, they are subjected to environmental stress before other organs. Therefore, root length trait is a suitable criterion for choosing drought tolerance. The highest root length was obtained in manganese and the least in iron treatment with manganese. Figures with more germination percentage, seedlings longer and more dry matter. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
182 - Effects of Biopriming with Trichoderma Fungi on Germination and Some Vegetative characteristics of Soybean and Canola
zahra rezaloo ghasem tohidloo samira shahbazi Hamed AskariIn order to investigate the effect of biopriming with selected species of Trichoderma on the morphological and germination characteristics of Canola (Brassica napus) seedlings, and soybean (Glycine max) cultivar Williams, an experiment was conducted in a randomized comp MoreIn order to investigate the effect of biopriming with selected species of Trichoderma on the morphological and germination characteristics of Canola (Brassica napus) seedlings, and soybean (Glycine max) cultivar Williams, an experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The effect of gamma-mutation on Trichoderma genome and its effectiveness was investigated. Experiment with three levels of inoculation: control (non-inoculation), Inoculation with formulations from spores of wild type Trichoderma and inoculation with mutant isolates of the same species, at the Nuclear Agriculture Research Institute was carried out. Evaluation of germination indices (Germination percentage, stem length and root and seedlings and their fresh and dry weight and vigor index) based on ISTA standard implemented. Soybean bioprimed seeds with Trichoderma in most of measured indicators had significant difference with other treatments and growth components, especially in initial development and early growth stages were improved. In Canola seeds, all germination indices were decreased by biopriming with Trichoderma and in the most of the indices, there were no significant differences between wild type and mutant Trichoderma treatments. Overall, the results of this study showed, using seed biopriming with Trichoderma had different effects on plant growth parameters, and use of this technique needs case study for each plant genome. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
183 - Study of yield, vegetative traits and seed germination of pinto bean produced from biopriming with Trichoderma
zahra rezaloo ghasem tohidloo samira shahbaziIncreasing germination percentage and growth indices is important by using methods such as biopriming. The present study aims to investigate effect of biopriming with a number of selected species of native Trichoderma fungi of Iran on yield, germination, vegetative and MoreIncreasing germination percentage and growth indices is important by using methods such as biopriming. The present study aims to investigate effect of biopriming with a number of selected species of native Trichoderma fungi of Iran on yield, germination, vegetative and morphological components of Talash vriety bean seedlings. Also, the effect of induced-mutation by gamma irradiation on the Trichoderma genome and probebly increase in the efficiency of biopriming via using mutated Trichoderma isolates was studied. Experiments with three treatments: control (non-inoculation), Inoculated with wild type Trichoderma based bio-formulation and inoculation with mutants Trichoderma, at the Nuclear Agriculture Research Institute in the form of a completely randomized design with four replications were done. Evaluation of indices (Germination percentage; seedlings, stems and roots length ; their fresh and dry weight and vigor index) based on the ISTA standard method and yield in greenhouse was implemented. Results showed, bean seeds biopriming method with bio-formulations of Trichoderma species (wild type and mutant), plant's yield increased significantly compared to control. Germination percentage of seeds was significantly higher than control in fungal treatments. The important trait of dry weight has also increased compared to control and also had significant difference with control. The length of seedlings of bioprimed with Trichoderma was shorter than the control. Most of the indicators were significantly higher in the one percent level than control. Overally, the results of this study shows, in bean plants, the use of bio-priming seeds with Trichoderma, improves plant growth parameters especially in establishment and its early growth. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
184 - Investigation of the effect of salinity and seed size on germination reaction, the efficiency of seed reserve conversion, and activity of antioxidant enzymes in the barley (Hordeum vulgare L)
Akram Fathi Kozegarani tutaj mir mahmodi Saman YazdansetaAbstractTo study the effect of salinity and seed size on germination response, seedling growth and seed conversion efficiency in barley under salt stress conditions, a factorial experiment based on a completely randomized block was conducted in 2018. The first factor wa MoreAbstractTo study the effect of salinity and seed size on germination response, seedling growth and seed conversion efficiency in barley under salt stress conditions, a factorial experiment based on a completely randomized block was conducted in 2018. The first factor was salinity in four levels (zero (control), 4, 8 and 12 dS/m) and the second factor was seed size (in three sizes, small sizes (1000 grain weight less than 25 g), average (1000 grain weight between 25-48 g), large (1000 grain weight above 48g). In this study, the highest seed germination percentage (89%), daily germination average (4.02% seed), root length (5.04 cm), stem length (5.32 cm), stem dry weight (0.026 g), was allocated to the zero level of salinity (control). Also, the lowest amount of antioxidant enzyme activity was assigned to zero salinity level. Among the different seed sizes, the highest germination percentage (86.56%), mean daily germination (4.9 seeds), were belonged to seed with small size and the highest root length (5.31 cm), stem length (5.94 cm), stem dry weight (0.026) and amount of antioxidant enzyme activity were observed in seed white large size. Among interactive treatments, the highest average daily germination time was observed in large-sized seed at 12 d.S and the highest root dry weight (0.065 g), seedling dry weight (0.091 g), the weight of stored grain consumption (0.062), and percentage of transfer of seed reserves was significant (78.96) was belonged to seed with large size in zero salinity (control). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
185 - Effect of Imazethapyr herbicide (Pursuit) on Germination indices of Kabuli and Desi chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) cultivars under vitro condition
Adibeh Etminani Ezzat Karami Faegheh EtminaniAbstractThis study was performed to evaluate and compare the reaction of Desi and Kabuli type chickpea cultivars under the influence of Imazethapyr herbicide (Pursuit) in vitro. Cultivar agents in 4 levels Pirooz (T1), Bivanich (T2), Adel (T3) and Kaka (T4) and Imazetha MoreAbstractThis study was performed to evaluate and compare the reaction of Desi and Kabuli type chickpea cultivars under the influence of Imazethapyr herbicide (Pursuit) in vitro. Cultivar agents in 4 levels Pirooz (T1), Bivanich (T2), Adel (T3) and Kaka (T4) and Imazethapyr herbicide in 6 levels 0.25 (C1), 0.5 (C2), 0.75 (C3), 1 (C4), 1.5 (C5) and distilled water as a control treatment (C6) were examined in factorial designs in a completely randomized design with three replications in the research laboratory of the Faculty of Agriculture, Islamic Azad University, Sanandaj Branch. The results of analysis of variance showed that the interaction of cultivar and herbicide was significant for the traits of greatest root length and tolerance index. The highest tolerance index was observed in the control treatment (distilled water) (0 ppm) and the lowest in the dose treatment of 1.5 ppm (C5). Desi type of Kaka and Pirooz cultivars had the highest tolerance index compared to Bivanich and Adel Kabuli type of chickpea cultivars. The effect of intermediate doses of Imazethapyr herbicide on germination indices were no significant. Keywords: Chickpea, Pursuit herbicide, cultivar, germination index Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
186 - Effects of Potassium Nitrate on Germination Characteristics and Early Growth of Sunflower under Salinity and Drought Stresses
Seyed Mohsen SeyediIn order to study the effect of priming sunflower seeds by potassium nitrate on germination seeds was conducted experiments in salinity and drought conditions. Location of experiments was Physiology Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Bu Ali Sina University, Hamedan. Sa MoreIn order to study the effect of priming sunflower seeds by potassium nitrate on germination seeds was conducted experiments in salinity and drought conditions. Location of experiments was Physiology Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Bu Ali Sina University, Hamedan. Salinity experiment was conducted as factorial based on randomized complete block design (RCBD) with two factor of seed priming and salinity and three replications. Priming levels included control and seed treatment by potassium nitrate and salinity levels included 0, -2, -4, -6, and -8 bar. Also, drought experiment was conducted as factorial based on randomized complete block design (RCBD) with two factor of seed priming and drought levels in three replications. Drought experiment treatment included control (non-priming) and priming by potassium nitrate and drought stress treatment were five levels (0, -2, -4, -6, and -8 bar). The results of two experiments showed that increasing in salinity and drought stress, decreased germination components including germination, germination rate and dry weight of seedlings. However, this reduction was lower for seeds that were treated by potassium nitrate. In terms of the studied traits, at all of the levels of salinity and drought treatment seeds were better than control seeds. In general, it can be concluded that the priming of sunflower seeds by potassium nitrate improved the germination components under salinity and drought stress and can increase sunflower plant resistant against these stresses in the germination stage. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
187 - Effect of water stress on germination indices in seven wheat cultivars
Vahid Jajarmi Environmental stress, especially drought stress, can play an important role in the reduction of the plant growth stage, specifically during germination in arid and semi arid regions in Iran.. In order to study the effects of drought stress on germinati More Environmental stress, especially drought stress, can play an important role in the reduction of the plant growth stage, specifically during germination in arid and semi arid regions in Iran.. In order to study the effects of drought stress on germination indices in wheat cultivars, an experiment was conducted in factorial form, using a completely randomized design of four replications. In this experiment, seven wheat cultivars (azar, omid, dorom(D/786-19), tabaci, keraceharvand, arvand, G73-20) were evaluated in six levels of drought treatment (distilled water,-3,-6,-9,-12,-15 bar).Results indicated significant differences among cultivars, and drought stress levels. In all traits, a significant decrease was observed with increase in stress level. It seems that the length of stem among the other traits has more sensitivity to drought stress. Drought stress reduces the radical length at more than -6 bars. Keraceharv and variety has the longest length of root with 63.58 mm. Azar had the longest length of pummel. The highest germination percentage belonged to Gv 3-20 (78%). The lowest germination percentage belonged to Arvand with (36%).The percentage of germination and the velocity of germination lessened when drought stress exceeded more than -12bars. Gv 3-20, tabaci had the highest velocity of germination. The highest coefficient of velocity of germination belonged to tabaci. Traits in tolerant cultivars did not show a significant decline up to -3 bars. The most tolerant cultivars were G73-20i. Considering all germination indices, Arvand and omod were the susceptible cultivar. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
188 - The effect of lead and cadmium contamination on germination and grain characteristics of wheat cultivar Sivand
Hasan Aghaei Pourangh kasraie Mohammad NasriIn order to investigate the effect of lead and cadmium contamination on germination and grain characteristics of wheat cultivar Sivand, In our laboratory, Agriculture College of Pishva, Varamin Branch factorial experiment in a completely randomized design with three rep MoreIn order to investigate the effect of lead and cadmium contamination on germination and grain characteristics of wheat cultivar Sivand, In our laboratory, Agriculture College of Pishva, Varamin Branch factorial experiment in a completely randomized design with three replications. Factors to consider include: chloride lead are in three levels (zero, 60 and 120 micromoles per liter) and cadmium chloride are in four levels (zero, 30, 60 and 90 micromoles per liter). Chloride of lead and cadmium chloride on the attributes of the interaction between catalase and phosphatase at 5 percent and the fresh weight of root and shoot, dry weight of shoot, root length, the probability level was significant. A comparison of interaction effects of lead chloride and cadmium chloride showed that the fresh weight of root, 0.694g greatest amount of control and heating control and the lowest at 0.246g on treatment of 60 and 90 micromoles per liter of lead chloride micromoles per liter is cadmium chloride. Most of catalase enzyme with 4.97 international units per gram of fresh tissue from the treatment of 120 micromoles per liter of lead chloride and 90 micromoles per liter of cadmium chloride and the minimum amount to 2.6 international units per gram of fresh tissue due to lack of lead chloride, cadmium chloride is consumed and not consumed. The greatest amount of acid phosphatase with 3.46 international units per gram of fresh tissue for the treatment of 60 micromoles per liter of chloride, lead and cadmium chloride lack of consumption and minimum international units per gram of fresh tissue for the treatment 1.26 120 micromoles per l chloride, lead × 90 micromoles per liter chloride, cadmium is used. According to the results, the best performance was in treatments without usage of lead chloride, and cadmium chloride. In general it can be concluded that wheat is sensitive to heavy metals and the presence of heavy metals in plant growth and yield will be reduced. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
189 - Assessment of the different treatments effect on seed dormancy break in Ferula gummosa Boiss
Soudabeh Ahooyi Alireza Sohani Darban Mohsen Nabavi KalatFerula gummosa owned umbelliferus of medicinal plants, industrial and pasture is important. One of the major problems in the field of these domestication species is the presence of seed dormancy. Therefore, it seems absolutely necessary to evaluation of break seed dorma MoreFerula gummosa owned umbelliferus of medicinal plants, industrial and pasture is important. One of the major problems in the field of these domestication species is the presence of seed dormancy. Therefore, it seems absolutely necessary to evaluation of break seed dormancy in this plant. Aim of this study is dormancy breaking, germination and evaluating the best treatment for the elimination of Ferula gummosa seed dormancy. For this purpose, an experiment was carried out as factorial in based on completely randomized design with three replications in 1392, that it was conducted in the laboratory of Islamic Azad University of Mashhad. To perform the experiment, Ferula gummosa seed were collected from Binalud Highlands city of Nishabur in August 1391. The experiments included cold stratification at four levels (30, 45, 60 and 70 days) with treatment gibberellic acid at four levels (control, 250 ppm, 500 ppm and 1000 ppm) and also cold stratification at four levels (30, 45, 60 and 70 days) with treatment kno3 at four levels (control, 1%, 2% and 3%). The final assessment of germination, after 3 weeks of maintenance conducted on Germinator. The results of the first experiment showed that cold stratification and gibberellic acid had a significant positive effect on germination of Ferula gummosa and the maximum percentage (67.5 %) and rate of germination (2.45 seed/day) were obtained by treatment of 60 days stratification. The lowest percentage and rate of germination was gained by treatment of 30 days stratification. Application of 250 ppm gibberellic acid had the highest germination rate (1.94 seed/day) among different levels of gibberellic acid. The results of the second experiment illustrated that cold stratification and kno3 caused to improve germination properties and the highest level of kno3 caused to gain the highest percentage (51.66 %) and rate of germination (1.31 seed/day). No-application of kno3 had the lowest amount of these properties (percentage and rate germination were 31.66% and 0.68 seed/day, respectively). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
190 - Effects of Seed Coating on Germination rate of Triticum aestivum Var. Zagros in Soil moisture levels and Sowing Depths
Hamid Reza MehrabiSeed coating one of the methods seed amplifier in which various materials attach to the outer surface of the seed to minimize negative environmental impacts and improve plant establishment. This research in order to study the effects of different methods of seed coating MoreSeed coating one of the methods seed amplifier in which various materials attach to the outer surface of the seed to minimize negative environmental impacts and improve plant establishment. This research in order to study the effects of different methods of seed coating on the germination of Triticum aesativum Zagros variety in Different Soil moisture levels and Sowing Depth and was conducted in a growth chamber with farming soil as factorial in a completely randomized design with four replications. Treatment of coating materials include four levels: none coverage (NC), mineral matter (CC), material with organic base (OC) and material with hydrogel base (HC), soil moisture treatment in three levels including 9%, 14% and 21% of dry soil weight, planting depth treatment in both levels of surface cultivation and three times of the diameter of the seed was used. During testing germination percentage was evaluated, the results showed that all main effects of treatments (coating materials, soil moisture and planting depth) on germination of Triticum aesativum Zagros variety at 1% is significant. The interaction between treatments of soil moisture and seed cover, as well as treatments of planting depth and seed cover, on the germination percentage significanted (p <0.01). The interaction between soil moisture and planting depth treatments as well as the triple effects of sowing depth, soil moisture and seed cover on germination percentage was not significant (p> 0.05). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
191 - Study of priming (hydro priming, salicylic acid and nano silver atomic) seed on the improve indices germination and seedling growth triticale (X Triticosecale Vittmack) under salt stress
Nafiseh Arab AliKhani Farshad Ghooshchi Alireza Safahani langerudiSalinity of the limiting factors crop production in world. For interdict of effects harmful this salinity an test order to the effect of priming (hydro priming, salicylic acid and nano silver atomic) seed on the improve indices germination and seedling growth triticale MoreSalinity of the limiting factors crop production in world. For interdict of effects harmful this salinity an test order to the effect of priming (hydro priming, salicylic acid and nano silver atomic) seed on the improve indices germination and seedling growth triticale (x triticosecale vittmack) under salt stress operating on four levels of salinity (0,6,10,14 dsm-1) and, salisylic acid 20 ppm and nano silver particles 10 ppm). This research in a factorial completely randomized design with three replications implement in the laboratory expertise Agricultural University- Varamin in year 2014- 2015. The results showed that high salinity stress reduce rate and percentage of germination in testes standard germination and cold test and accelerated aging test. Interactive effects of salinity and nano silver particles and Salicylic acid could also have a significant effect on the length seedling, length plumule, length root and rate of germination and rising tension in the plant (at 14 dsm-1), nano silver particles and Salicylic acid failed to prevent damage to the plant. most rate germination in treatment without salinity and pretreatment salicylic acid with mean 8.07 seed in day and least rate germination product in treatment salinity 14dsm-1 and un priming with mean 2.68 seed in day. most length seedling, length root, length plumule in treatment without salinity and pretreatment nano sillver mean order occur by 191 mm, 105mm, 85mm and least quantity factors mean order cause by mean 72mm, 34mm, 37 mm in treatment salinity 14dsm-1 and un priming. most rate appearance seedling accrue in treatment without salinity with mean 10/81% and least rate appearance seedling in salinity 14dsm-1 with mean 7/91 and in treatments priming most rate appearance seedling in treatment nano silver with mean 10/57 % and least that come in treatment un priming with mean 6/85.in treatments salinity most rate germination in cold test in treatment control with mean 65% and least that accrue in salinity 14dsm-1 with mean 43% .most percentage germination in treatment nano silver with mean 62% and least that accrue in treatment control with 37%. in treatments salinity most percentage germination in accelerated aging test in treatment control with mean 52% and least that in salinity 14dsm-1 with mean 30%.in accelerated aging test most percentage germination in treatment nano silver with mean 51% and least that accrue in treatment control with mean 29%. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
192 - The effects of lead and cadmium contamination on seed germination of sorghum(Sorghum bicolor L.)
Seed Aboalghasem Mousavi meysam oveysi Alireza IranbakhshTo investigate the effect of lead and camium contamination on sorghum germination cul.Kimia, a factorial experiment designed as randomized complete blocks with three replications were conducted in the laboratory of Agricultural Faculty of Islamic Azad University, Varami MoreTo investigate the effect of lead and camium contamination on sorghum germination cul.Kimia, a factorial experiment designed as randomized complete blocks with three replications were conducted in the laboratory of Agricultural Faculty of Islamic Azad University, Varamin, Pishva. Factors included lead chloride (0 (P0), 60 µmol. L (P1), 120µmol.L(P2)) and cadmium chloride (0 (C0), 30µmol. L (C1) , 60µmol.L (C2), 90 µmol.L(C3)). The results showed that lead chloride had significant effect on final germination percentage, root fresh weight; shoot fresh weight at 5%. And on dry weight of shoot, root length catalase 1%. Simple effect of cadmium chloride on root fresh weight, dry weight of shoot, and root length was significant at 5% and catalase, acid phosphatase, and &-amylase at 1%. The interactive effects of lead chloride and cadmium chloride were significant on shoot dry weight and root length at 1% but not significant on other attributes. Comparison of interaction effects lead chloride, cadmium chloride on the root length showed that the maximum value is 4mm related to treatment of non-use of cadmium chloride and non-use of lead chloride and lowest related to 1.8 mm with treatment of 120 µmoles per liter of lead chloride and 90 µmoles per liter of cadmium chloride. The comparison of average interaction effects of lead chloride and cadmium chloride on dry weight of shoot showed that the maximum value of 0.018g is related to treatment of non-use of lead chloride and 60 µmoles per liter of cadmium chloride and lowest related to 0.001g with treatment of 120 µmoles per liter of lead chloride and 90 µmoles per liter of cadmium chloride. The best performance was seen in traits related to treatment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
193 - Salinity effect on physiological characteristics and seed germination of medicinal plants Flax, Artichoke, Coneflower and Safflower
Fatemeh Gholizadeh Nahid Rahimi Mohammad AbadIn order to study the effect of salinity on germination and seedling growth of four medicinal plant artichoke, purple coneflower, flax andsafflower a factorial experiment in completely randomized design with four replications was carried out in the Faculty of Agric MoreIn order to study the effect of salinity on germination and seedling growth of four medicinal plant artichoke, purple coneflower, flax andsafflower a factorial experiment in completely randomized design with four replications was carried out in the Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. The first factor, different levels of salinity (0, 4, 8 and 12 ds/m-1) and The second factor were medicinal plant artichoke, purple coneflower, flax andsafflower Sodium chloride was used to Salinity. Salinity stress with slow decline in germination in plants safflower, flax andartichoke, so that the salinity 12 ds/m-1 germination percentage amount was high in the three plants (Respectively 91, 88, 85). Germination rate under salt stress linearly decreased in all plants. The germination rate compared with germination percentage in plants assessment showed greater sensitivity to salt stress. The results showed that the germination stage, flax andsafflower plants tolerant to salinity,artichoke is moderately resistant and purple coneflower salt-sensitive. The results of data analysis showed salt effect on studied varieties and interaction of varieties × salt on the studied characteristics were significant in 1% level. The results of statistical comparison and control saline conditions showed that the rate of germination in artichoke 21.17 highest and safflower 13.36 lowest, The root length and shoot the artichoke plant was higher than other plants. In this research some characteristics as rate and percent of germination, root and shoot length, root to shoot ratio and dry weight of plantlet with increasing of salt in four medicinal plant decreased. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
194 - Effect of priming auxin and gibberellic acid hormone on reducing the deterioration of corn seed (K.S.C 704)
Hesam Afsharnaderi Pourangh kasraie meysam oveysiThe effect of priming hormone auxin and gibberellic acid on seed germination characteristics of maize single cross 704 was prepared crumbling Institute of Agricultural Research, Faculty of Agriculture, Islamic Azad University of Varamin leader laboratory for experiments MoreThe effect of priming hormone auxin and gibberellic acid on seed germination characteristics of maize single cross 704 was prepared crumbling Institute of Agricultural Research, Faculty of Agriculture, Islamic Azad University of Varamin leader laboratory for experiments in completely randomized design 4 replications. Treatments, including treatment with aged corn at three levels (0, 7 and 14 days), priming hormone auxin treatment at four levels (0, 50, 100 and 150ppm) and gibberellic priming treatments at four levels (0, 200, 400 and 600 ppm) were considered. Traits in the study were: germination percentage, average daily rate of germination, vigor, average acceleration of germination, root length, shoot length, germination index, seedling dry weight, cold test, The electrical conductivity before and after priming, vertical index seedling vigor, root to shoot ratio and average germination time. The table showed that the treatments evaluated in terms of significant differences (at 0.01 and 0.05) is established and the comparison of the attributes evaluated in terms of rates in different groups a. As well as Aged corn seed treatments, the lowest average in comparison with control in most of the traits that Seed deterioration has a negative impact on germination traits. On the other hand, the hormones auxin and gibberellic acid pretreatment, the opposite effect in some traits have shown and in general these hormones increase resistance to cold and the growth of root and shoot of corn were effective. As the figures also showed that, as the second level of GA was effective in most of the traits. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
195 - Effect of pretreatment salicylic acid on germination and seedling growth in sweet corn (Zea mays L.) under salt stress conditions
Prisa Sojoodi meysam oveysi Farshad GhooshchiTo study the effect of salicylic acid pretreatment on germination and alpha-amylase enzyme activity, sweet corn seedling in salinity, physiological testing Varamin Agricultural University - master design. Sweet corn seeds, varieties Saccharata after soaking in solution MoreTo study the effect of salicylic acid pretreatment on germination and alpha-amylase enzyme activity, sweet corn seedling in salinity, physiological testing Varamin Agricultural University - master design. Sweet corn seeds, varieties Saccharata after soaking in solution (0, 0.5 and 1 mM) of salicylic acid for 24 h for germination under salt stress conditions, the paper roller dipped in a solution of NaCl concentrations (0, 25, 50, 100 and 200 mM) were transferred and in vitro tests. After germination, germination percentage, seedling dry weight and alpha-amylase enzyme activity was measured. Results showed that salinity reduces germination in seeds of sweet corn, and 200 mM salt concentration decreases, so 33.58 is the control of germination. Salicylic acid also was found to have a positive impact on germination as well as control and stress treatments increased germination will occur. Salicylic acid is used to increase seedling dry weight. Enzyme activity assays showed that the alpha-amylase enzyme activity in terms of reduced salinity and salicylic acid increases the activity of this enzyme, ie to reduce the effects of salinity. According to the obtained results it can be concluded that pretreatment of sweet corn seeds with salicylic acid, 1 mM Had a positive effect on germination and affects the antioxidant defense system of the plant sweet corn seedlings under salt stress is increased resistance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
196 - The effect of priming and glycine betaine spraying on some morph-physiological and germination characteristics of bean var Derakhshan under salinity stress
Muna Mirzaie Farshad Qushchi Payman AziziIn order to study of glycine betaine application on germination and morph physiological characteristics of bean under salinity stress an experiment was conducted in physiology laboratory of department of agronomy in Islamic Azad University, Varamin, Iran in summer 2016. MoreIn order to study of glycine betaine application on germination and morph physiological characteristics of bean under salinity stress an experiment was conducted in physiology laboratory of department of agronomy in Islamic Azad University, Varamin, Iran in summer 2016. The experiment was installed in a completely randomized design, with treatments arranged in a factorial scheme with four levels of Salinity (0, 2, 4 & 6 mmol Nacl) by Three levels glycine betaine application (0, 5& 10 ppm), with three replicates. The results showed that salinity stress effect treatment significantly for germination index, radicle dry weight, total chlorophyll, leaf protein percentage, leaf proline content, the cell membrane stability and relative water content. Also the results showed that glycine betaine application effect was significant for all experimental traits except for the cell membrane stability. The interaction between salinity stress and glycine betaine was significant for germination index, total chlorophyll, protein percentage and leaf proline content. In generally the result demonstrated that the best treatment for salinity stress was control which improves the measured traits except radicle dry weight in red bean. Also glycine betaine application could be improved the negative salinity stress. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
197 - Evaluation of the effect of drought stress on some characteristics of germination and seed germination of four commercial soybean cultivars produced under low irrigation conditions with a standard germination test.
Z.S Hoseini tehrani آیدین Hamidi جهانفر DaneshiyanIn order to evaluate the effect of drought stress on some characteristics of germination and seed set of commercial soybean cultivars under water stress in the research farm of Karaj Seedling and Seed Breeding Research Institute, an experiment was conducted in 1400 usin MoreIn order to evaluate the effect of drought stress on some characteristics of germination and seed set of commercial soybean cultivars under water stress in the research farm of Karaj Seedling and Seed Breeding Research Institute, an experiment was conducted in 1400 using a standard germination test in the laboratory. The seed analysis of Karaj Seed and Seedling Registration and Certification Research Institute was carried out factorially in the form of randomized complete block design with 4 replications. The treatments include applying 4 levels of dry stress of polyethylene glycol 6000 with potentials of 0 (no stress), 3-, 6-, and 9-MPa, on the seeds of 4 commercial soybean cultivars, Williams, Hamilton x Essex, TMS, and Bunty, produced at 3 levels. The low irrigation stress of the mother plant, irrigation after the values of 50 (optimal irrigation and control), 100 (mild stress) and 150 (severe stress) mm of evaporation from the evaporation pan were class A). The examined characteristics include: percentage of final germination, percentage of normal seedlings, percentage of abnormal seedlings, percentage of hard seeds, percentage of rotten seeds, average daily germination, average germination time, seedling length and index The length and weight of the seedlings were. The results showed that the mutual effect of drought stress, low irrigation stress and variety had a significant effect on all the examined characteristics. In the treatment of 9-MPa drought stress and without water deficit stress, the Williams variety compared to the treatment without drought stress and without water deficit stress, the average germination time was 0.90 days, the percentage of rotten seeds, hard seeds and abnormal seedlings were 0.18%, 750 respectively. 5.5% and 0.60% increase and average daily germination of 1.28 days, final germination and normal seedling decreased by 1.28% and 4.92%, respectively. In general, among the studied cultivars, Williams variety showed the best and Bunty variety showed the weakest response to low irrigation and drought stress. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
198 - Effect of storage duration on some germination and vigor indicators of three Wheat cultivars seed in the north of Khuzestan province weather conditions
Mehri KheshtZar Jafar Ghasemi Ranjbar Aydin HamidiIn order to study of the effect of storage duration on some germination and vigor indicators of three wheat cultivars seed in the north of Khuzestan province weather conditions an experiment was conducted at Agriculture and Natural Resources Research and Education cente MoreIn order to study of the effect of storage duration on some germination and vigor indicators of three wheat cultivars seed in the north of Khuzestan province weather conditions an experiment was conducted at Agriculture and Natural Resources Research and Education center of Safiabad - Dezful in 2021. Experiment was conducted as factorial based on completely randomized design by four replications. Experiment factors include: four storage durations, 30, 60, 90 and 120 days and three wheat cultivars, Chamran2, Mehregan and Shabrang. Studied traits include: 1000 seed weight, seed germination rete, mean time and energy, normal seedling percent, seed allometric coefficient and vigor index. Results showed cultivar and storage duration interaction affected all studied traits. Shabrang cultivar seeds stored during 30 days had the most 1000 seed weight and the same cultivars seed stored during 120 days had the lowest normal seedling percent. Mehregan cultivars seed stored during 30 days had the most seed germination rete and energy, normal seedling percent, seed allometric coefficient and vigor index and the lowest mean germination time. Based on seed germination and vigor indicators evaluated by this research, studied wheat cultivars seeds were different for storability and in comparison of other studiec cultivars, Mehregan cultivar seeds had better storability behavior at North of Khuzestan province weather conditions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
199 - Effect of salinity stress on germination characteristics of Flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum L.)
Mahdi Hasanvand Kazem Taleshi Noshin Osoli Hmir Hossein Papaei Milad DehestaniThe ability of seeds to germinate at high salt concentration in the soil is crucial importance for the survival and perpetuation of many plant species. Salt stress is a major environmental constraint most limiting plant productivity. The purpose of this study was to inv MoreThe ability of seeds to germinate at high salt concentration in the soil is crucial importance for the survival and perpetuation of many plant species. Salt stress is a major environmental constraint most limiting plant productivity. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of salinity stress on seedling germination characteristics in laboratory conditions. Therefore, in order to investigate the effect of salinity stress on Flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) germination indices, a factorial experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with four replications at the Faculty of Agriculture, Islamic Azad University, Khorramabad, in 1396. The experimental treatments included the first factor including three varieties of flax (Iranian, French and Canadian) and the second factor included four levels of salinity (control, 80 and 160 mM / L Nacl). The results of variance analysis showed that different treatments of salinity stress had a significant effect on germination characteristics of flax seed (p <0.05). Mean comparison showed that by increasing salinity, germination speed , germination percentage ,shoot length and root length and root and shoot dry weight decreased (p<0.05). But the allomtric rate increased. Also, Canadian and French cultivars were able to obtain the highest shoot weight in terms of Iranian cultivars in terms of salinity stress conditions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
200 - Effect of extraction of some medicinal plants to germination inhibitor on seeds of Alfalfa and Sainfoin for autumn sowing
Mehrab YadegariQuality of forage in rangelands dependent to time of beginning of growth, development and stress free. Today, secondary metabolites of medicinal plants can exploit to cause of delay in seed germination of plants. Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) and Sainfoin (Onobrychis vicifo MoreQuality of forage in rangelands dependent to time of beginning of growth, development and stress free. Today, secondary metabolites of medicinal plants can exploit to cause of delay in seed germination of plants. Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) and Sainfoin (Onobrychis vicifolia) have a specific role in forage production in Iran. This assay was carried out to delay of germination by using Thymus vulgaris, Achillea millefolium and Salvia officinalis extracts (0, 15, 30 and 45 gr.l-1 dried leaves) in laboratory condition. Experiments were carried out in completely randomized design with 4 replications. Results showed that water extracts had significant effect (P Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
201 - Effect of extraction of some medicinal plants to germination inhibitor on seeds of Alfalfa and Sainfoin for autumn sowing
Mehrab YadegariQuality of forage in rangelands dependent to time of beginning of growth, development and stress free. Today, secondary metabolites of medicinal plants can exploit to cause of delay in seed germination of plants. Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) and Sainfoin (Onobrychis vicifo MoreQuality of forage in rangelands dependent to time of beginning of growth, development and stress free. Today, secondary metabolites of medicinal plants can exploit to cause of delay in seed germination of plants. Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) and Sainfoin (Onobrychis vicifolia) have a specific role in forage production in Iran. This assay was carried out to delay of germination by using Thymus vulgaris, Achillea millefolium and Salvia officinalis extracts (0, 15, 30 and 45 gr.l-1 dried leaves) in laboratory condition. Experiments were carried out in completely randomized design with 4 replications. Results showed that water extracts had significant effect (P<0.01) on all measured traits except fresh and dried root weight. In alfalfa seeds, the highest seed vigour, germination percentage and seed germination rate were achieved in control treatment and the least of them were made by extractions of ThymeandSagewith45 gr.l-1. In Sainfoin seeds, the highest seed vigour, germination percentage and seed germination rate were made by control treatment and the least of them were made by extraction of Achillea with45 gr.l-1. Therefor in regions have spring chilling stress, for delay in germination of seeds of alfalfa can use extractions of ThymeandSagewith45 gr.l-1 and for Sainfoin seeds can consume of extraction of Achillea with45 gr.l-1. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
202 - The reaction of balm mint ( dracocephalum moldavica ) to the salinity levels from sodium chloride in germination and plantlet stage
Alireza Pirzad رضا درویش زاده رئوف سیدشریفی محمد صدقیTo study the germination and plantlet growth in heterotrophic stage of balm mint, an experiment was carried out in complete random plots in four replications 0, 4, 12, 16 and 20 DC Siemens on sodium chloride. In this study the impact of sodium chloride on the percentage MoreTo study the germination and plantlet growth in heterotrophic stage of balm mint, an experiment was carried out in complete random plots in four replications 0, 4, 12, 16 and 20 DC Siemens on sodium chloride. In this study the impact of sodium chloride on the percentage and speed of germination , and the percentage of the reduction of germination in balm mint was not meaningful, but it was significant for the index of germination, time to %50 germination, the length of stalk and rootlet to the length of the stalk and rootlet and the dry and wet weight of plantlet. The highest ( 122 hours ) time of germination, 50 percent of the seeds related to the salinity of 4 and 20 DC Siemens to meter respectively. The longest stalklet (3.91cm ) and rootlet ( 1.97cm ) were obtained from control treatment and the lowest stalklet length ( 1.11cm ) and rootlet (0.46cm ) of 20 DC Siemens to meter. This difference in the process of length changes, led to the maximum and minimum ratio of stalklet length to rootlet respectively in the salinity of 4 and 16 DC Siemens to meter. The highest wet weight ( 95.7 mg ) and dry ( 7.68 mg ) of the plantlet were obtained from salinity of 4 and lowest wet weight ( 64.5 mg ) and dry ( 5.73 mg ) of the plantlet were 20 DC Siemens to meter. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
203 - The effect of temperatur and seed moistuer content on seed germination and seedling growth characteristics of Borage (Borago officinalis L.)
Farzane Bagheri rasoul fakhari Parisa Sheikhzadeh Nasser Zare Mahrokh BolandiThis research was carried out to investigate the effect of seed storage temperature and moisture content on germination characteristics, growth and biochemical characteristics of Borago officinalis seedlings, In factorial arrangement in a completely randomized design wi MoreThis research was carried out to investigate the effect of seed storage temperature and moisture content on germination characteristics, growth and biochemical characteristics of Borago officinalis seedlings, In factorial arrangement in a completely randomized design with 4 replications. The treatments included five levels of seed moisture (5, 10, 15, 20, 25%) and eight temperature levels (10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40 and 45 degrees Celsius) and 12 storage levels (7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, 49, 56, 63, 70, 77 and 84 day). The results showed that with increase in storage time, percentage and seed germination rate, length decreased, and also the abnormal seedlings, amount of proline seedlings and activity of peroxidase enzymes were increased. The highest germination and seedling growth were obtained in the control treatment and 7 days after storage with 10% seed moisture after 7 days of storage. The lowest germination percentage was seen 84 days after storage with %15 seed moisture at 15°C. The maximum length of seedlings was obtained at 25°C temperature and 20% humidity with 7 days of storage. The results showed that at the temperature of 25 degrees, the peroxidase enzyme activity was the highest at the beginning of the storage period (28 days of storage), but with the continued influence of adverse conditions during storage, the enzyme activity decreased significantly. The results showed that the lowest amount of proline was obtained at a temperature of 15°C with a humidity level of 25% and at the 28th day of storage. Based on the results, with increasing storage time, the moisture content of seeds and the storage temperature of the quality of Borago officinalis seedlings are reduced. Since these seeds contain oil, it should be considered to be sufficient to store, survive and maintain its maximum quality. Manuscript profile
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