The effect of lead and cadmium contamination on germination and grain characteristics of wheat cultivar Sivand

Subject Areas :

Hasan  Aghaei ¹ (Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Islamic Azad University rector Varamin, Tehran, Iran)
Pourangh  kasraie ² (Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Islamic Azad University rector Varamin, Tehran, Iran)
Mohammad  Nasri ³ (Research Center for new technologies to produce safe food, Varamin Branch, Islamic Azad University Varamin- Pishva, Varamin, Tehran, Iran)

Received: 2016-12-08 Accepted : 2017-04-13 Published : 2017-05-22

Keywords: germination, Wheat, cadmium chloride, Lead chloride, the Sivand,

Abstract :

In order to investigate the effect of lead and cadmium contamination on germination and grain characteristics of wheat cultivar Sivand, In our laboratory, Agriculture College of Pishva, Varamin Branch factorial experiment in a completely randomized design with three replications. Factors to consider include: chloride lead are in three levels (zero, 60 and 120 micromoles per liter) and cadmium chloride are in four levels (zero, 30, 60 and 90 micromoles per liter). Chloride of lead and cadmium chloride on the attributes of the interaction between catalase and phosphatase at 5 percent and the fresh weight of root and shoot, dry weight of shoot, root length, the probability level was significant. A comparison of interaction effects of lead chloride and cadmium chloride showed that the fresh weight of root, 0.694g greatest amount of control and heating control and the lowest at 0.246g on treatment of 60 and 90 micromoles per liter of lead chloride micromoles per liter is cadmium chloride. Most of catalase enzyme with 4.97 international units per gram of fresh tissue from the treatment of 120 micromoles per liter of lead chloride and 90 micromoles per liter of cadmium chloride and the minimum amount to 2.6 international units per gram of fresh tissue due to lack of lead chloride, cadmium chloride is consumed and not consumed. The greatest amount of acid phosphatase with 3.46 international units per gram of fresh tissue for the treatment of 60 micromoles per liter of chloride, lead and cadmium chloride lack of consumption and minimum international units per gram of fresh tissue for the treatment 1.26 120 micromoles per l chloride, lead × 90 micromoles per liter chloride, cadmium is used. According to the results, the best performance was in treatments without usage of lead chloride, and cadmium chloride. In general it can be concluded that wheat is sensitive to heavy metals and the presence of heavy metals in plant growth and yield will be reduced.