The studies of different culture methods in ors (Juniperus seravshanica)

Subject Areas : Developmental biology of plants and animals , development and differentiation in microorganisms

Farkhondeh Rezanejad ¹ , Farzaneh Farzan ² , Elaheh ZamaniBahramabadi ³ , Farzad Ganjalikhani hakemi ⁴

1 - Department of Biology, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran، Research and Technology Institute of Plant Production
2 - Department of Biology, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran 2. Research and Technology Institute of Plant Production
3 - Department of biology, faculty of sciences, Shahidbahonar university of Kerman, Kerman, Iran 2. Research and Technology Institute of Plant Production
4 - Department of biology, faculty of sciences, Shahidbahonar university of Kerman, Kerman, Iran 2. Research and Technology Institute of Plant Production

Received: 2022-09-04 Accepted : 2023-01-01 Published : 2023-07-23

Keywords: Seed germination, Rooting, shoot regeneration, Juniperus seravschanica, Seed emptiness,

Abstract :

Juniperus is the second most prevalent group of conifers on Earth. The reduction in viable seeds and natural regeneration is an important problem of Juniperus. Juniperus seravschanica is important in soil protection and is very resistant to frost and drought too. In this study, seed number in cone, seed emptiness and germination were studied on filter paper, peatmoss+ perlite mixture and in field in Galuchar, sarbijan and Dalfard (Kerman province) in populations. In addition, shoot proliferation and rooting in pot and in vitro culture was assayed. The average number of cone seeds in Glochar, Serbijan and Delfard was 4.86, 3.69 and 3.21, respectively. The average number of full seeds per cone was 1.1, 0.22 and 0.1 (22, 5.96 and 3.1%, respectively) in Glochar, Sarbijan and Dalfard, showing 78, 94 and 97% emptiness, respectively. In all media, seed germination percentage was very low (2-5%). No germination was observed in seeds without cold treatment as well as without scarification (making a hole in seed coat). 20 cm young shoots, after cold treatment and rapid immersion in IBA, grew as normal until 4 week and finally dried after 5-6 weeks. The young shoots (1-1.5 cm) cultured in MS and WPM media proliferated and regenerated new branches in WPM (40% regeneration) and MS (57%) media in combination of BAP and NAA (2+3 and 0.2+3 mgl-1, respectively for WPM and MS). No rooting was observed using IBA after 24 weeks.

References:

• Choat B, Jansen S, Brodribb TJ, Cochard H, Delzon S, Bhaskar R, Bucci SJ, Feild TS, Gleason SM, Hacke UG, Jacobsen AL. Global convergence in the vulnerability of forests to drought. Nature. 2012 Nov;491(7426):752-5.


• Kshatriya K, Whitehill JG, Madilao L, Henderson H, Kermode A, Kolotelo D, Bohlmann J. Histology of resin vesicles and oleoresin terpene composition of conifer seeds. Can. J. For. Res. 2018;48(9):1073-84.


• Della Rocca G, Papini A, Posarelli I, Barberini S, Tani C, Danti R, Moricca S. Ultrastructure of terpene and polyphenol synthesis events in the bark of Cupressus sempervirens after Seiridium cardinale infection. Front Microbiol.: 1788.


• Hojjati FA, Kazempour-Osaloo S, Adams RP, Assadi MO. Molecular phylogeny of Juniperus in Iran with special reference to the excelsa complex, focusing on J. seravschanica. Phytotaxa. 2018;375(2):135-57.


• Adams RP. Junipers of the world: the genus Juniperus. Trafford Publishing; 2014.


• Piovesan G, Biondi F. On tree longevity. New Phytol. 2021 Aug; 231 (4):1318-37.


• Rezanejad F, Bakhteyari F, Rahini H. Morphological and anatomical studies of vegetative and reproductive structures in Ors (Juniperus seravshanica). (JPR) (IJBio). 2022 Jun 15 (Articles in Press).


• Yaglioglu AS, Eser F. Screening of some Juniperus extracts for the phenolic compounds and their antiproliferative activities. S. Afr. J. Bot. 2017 Nov 1; 113:29-33.


• Raina R, Verma PK, Peshin R, Kour H. Potential of Juniperus communis L as a nutraceutical in human and veterinary medicine. Heliyon. 2019 Aug 1;5(8):e02376.


• Gonçalves AC, Flores-Félix JD, Coutinho P, Alves G, Silva LR. Zimbro (Juniperus communis) as a Promising Source of Bioactive Compounds and Biomedical Activities: A Review on Recent Trends. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022 Mar 16;23(6):3197.


• Pirani A, Moazzeni H, Mirinejad S, Naghibi F, Mosaddegh M. Ethnobotany of Juniperus excelsa Bieb. (Cupressaceae) in Iran. Ethnobot. Res. Appl. 2011 Dec 10; 9: 335-41.

 

• Thomas PA, El‐Barghathi M, Polwart A. Biological flora of the British Isles: Juniperus communis J. Ecol. 2007 Nov;95(6):1404-40.


• Khater N, Benbouza H. Preservation of Juniperus thurifera: a rare endangered species in Algeria through in vitro regeneration. J. For. Res. 2019 Feb;30(1):77-86.


• Al-Ramamneh EA, Daradkeh N, Rababah T, Pacurar D, Al-Qudah M. Effects of explant, media and growth regulators on 'in vitro' regeneration and antioxidant activity of 'Juniperus' phoenicea. Aust. J. Crop Sci. 2017 Jul 1;11(7):828-37.


• Ahani H, Jalilvand H, Hosseini Nasr SM, Soltani Kouhbanani H, Ghazi MR, Mohammadzadeh H. Reproduction of juniper (Juniperus polycarpos) in Khorasan Razavi, Iran. For. Sci. Pract. 2013 Sep;15(3):231-7.


• Hazubska-Przybył T. Propagation of Juniper species by plant tissue culture: A mini-review. Forests. 2019 Nov 14;10(11):1028.


• Murashige T, Skoog F. A revised medium for rapid growth and bio assays with tobacco tissue cultures. Physiol. Plant. 1962 Jul;15(3): 473-97.


• Lloyd G, McCown B. Commercially-feasible micropropagation of mountain laurel, Kalmia latifolia, by use of shoot-tip culture. Comb. proc. Int. Plant Propag. 1980; 30: 421-7.


• Javanshir, K. Research about seed production and method of growth in juniper trees in order to reclamation of juniper forests. Publication of Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands (RIFR), Tehran, Iran 1981: 35.


• Al-Refai A, El-Kateb H, Stimm B, Mosandl R. Quality and germination of seeds of Juniperus excelsa Bieb. in the Kalamoun mountains, Syria (in German). Forstl Forsch.ber Munchen. 2003; 192: 164-75.


• Pichot C, Maataoui ME. Flow cytometric evidence for multiple ploidy levels in the endosperm of some gymnosperm species. Theor. Appl. Genet. 1997 Jun;94(6):865-70.