List of Articles Seed germination

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  1 - Effect of physiographic factors on seed germination of wild Pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) in Khajeh kalat Forest of Mashhad, Iran
  Hadi Fadaei Vahid Etemad Gholamhosein Moradi
  10.22034/jest.2021.24362.3334
  Background and Objective: Regarding to importance and widespread of wild Pistachio in arid and semi-arid regions and problems of germination, this study was conducted to identify effect of physiography on seed germination of Pistacia vera in Khajeh Kalat Forest, northea More

  Background and Objective: Regarding to importance and widespread of wild Pistachio in arid and semi-arid regions and problems of germination, this study was conducted to identify effect of physiography on seed germination of Pistacia vera in Khajeh Kalat Forest, northeast of Iran (N 36°54' - 36°64', E 54°35' - 54°45'). Material and Methodology: To do so land unit map was provided and sampling was done based on land units. Then, sampled seeds from 23 sampling unites were transferred to seed physiology lab for operational experiments. After operational experience, germination percent, germination value and mean time to germination for each unit were determined. Findings: The results showed that germination percent of pistachio seeds has had significant positive correlation with altitude, but hasn’t had significant correlation with slope and aspect (p<0.01). Correlation between germination value and altitude wasn’t significant, while slope and aspect have had significant correlation with germination value (p<0.01). Discussion and Conclusion:  Regarding to results, germination percent in high altitudes was more than low altitudes. Germination value in law altitude and 0-30 percent slope was more than other aspects and slopes. Seeds that were collected from north and south aspects and above 60 percent slope have had more germination value than other aspects and slopes. Mean time to germination for east aspect and 30-60 percent slopes were less than other aspects and slopes.   Manuscript profile
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  2 - Contact toxicity of Lavandula angustifolia Mill and Zataria multiflora Boiss essential oils against the adults of Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) (Col., Bruchidae) and identification of their chemical compositions
  Z. Golestani kalat G. Moravvej
  In last decades, many researches have been done on use of botanical compound especially essential oils as insecticides. In the present study, the contact toxicity of Lavandula angustifolia and Zataria multiflora essential oils was evaluated on both sexes of C. More

  In last decades, many researches have been done on use of botanical compound especially essential oils as insecticides. In the present study, the contact toxicity of Lavandula angustifolia and Zataria multiflora essential oils was evaluated on both sexes of C. maculatus adults at 29±1ºC, 60±5% RH in dark condition. Essential oils were obtained by hydro distillation. The toxicity of both oils against males and females was positively and significantly associated with concentration. On the basis of LC50 ratios and their 95% confidence limits, there was no significant difference  between sensitivity of males and females. The LC50 values for  males were 719 and 598 µl.m-2 and for females were 787 and 738 µl.m-2 for L. angustifolia and Z. multiflora, respectively. Both       essential oils had no negative effect on seed germination of the cowpea. The essential oils analysis by GC-MS showed that the main compounds of L. angustifolia oil were linalool (42.8%), 1,8-cineol (23.4%), rosefuran epoxide (14%), menthone (6.8%), isomenthol (5.2%) and dihydro carvone (trans) (4.3%) and those of Z. multiflora oil were thymol (55%), linalool (37.8%) and p-cymene (7.2%). The results suggested that L. angustifolia and Z. multiflora essential oils might be suitable alternatives to conventional pesticides for protecting pulses against C. maculatus adult. Manuscript profile
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  3 - Evaluation of seed dormancy and Artificial seed production in the medicinal plant Teucrium polium L.
  Saideh Saadat Ahmad Majd Lotfali Naseri alireza iranbakhsh Morad Jafari
  Teucrium polium L. is an important medicinal plant from the Lamiaceae which is endangered and its seed dormancy and poor germination are its main agricultural problems. In this research, the effect of 14 different treatments consisting of gibberellic acid, sulfuric acid More

  Teucrium polium L. is an important medicinal plant from the Lamiaceae which is endangered and its seed dormancy and poor germination are its main agricultural problems. In this research, the effect of 14 different treatments consisting of gibberellic acid, sulfuric acid, and chilling was studied based on a completely randomized design with three replications on breaking seed dormancy. There was a significant difference between different treatments. The best seed germination performance was observed in the seeds treated with sulfuric acid 98% for 15 minutes and gibberellic acid solution (1000 ppm) for 120 hours at 4 degrees Celsius, while the lowest was found in seeds soaked in water and kept at 4°C for two weeks and cultured in MS culture medium. The results of this research showed that the treatment of sulfuric acid and gibberellic acid along with cooling led to the highest percentage of seed germination, implying seed dormancy in these plants is a physical-physiological type. The results showed that artificial seeds with meristem origin were better than artificial seeds with somatic embryo origin under the conditions of growth room and refrigerator in terms of germination percentage, root and stem production. Therefore, with the mentioned methods, it is possible to solve the agricultural problem of this plant and prevent its extinction by producing artificial seeds and provide enough raw materials for the production of different medicines with the origin of this plant. Manuscript profile
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  4 - Allelopathic Effect of Leaf Water Extract of Hoary alyssum (Berteroa incana L.) at Rosette Stage on Seed Germination
  H. Madani M.K. Upadhayaya G. Stopps
  The allelopathic effects of leaves at rosette stage of the hoary alyssum (Berteroa incana L.) against some associated grasses like, prairie June grass (Koeleria macrantha), Idaho fescue (Festuca idahoensis), blue-bunch wheatgrass (Pseudoroegneria spicata) and cheat gras More

  The allelopathic effects of leaves at rosette stage of the hoary alyssum (Berteroa incana L.) against some associated grasses like, prairie June grass (Koeleria macrantha), Idaho fescue (Festuca idahoensis), blue-bunch wheatgrass (Pseudoroegneria spicata) and cheat grass (Bromus tectorum) and its own were investigated. The experiment al materials used were the leaf extracts and its allelopathic effects on seed germination and seedling emergence of the abave mentioned grasses in Petri dishes. According to our study, leaves of hoary alyssum rosettes at stage have the potential to reduce germination rate, root and shoot growth of pasture grasses and hoary alyssum itself due to its allelopathic effect. The leaf leachate solution bioassays also showed that the germination of cheat grass was more susceptible to 4% solution of allelopathic extract of leaves. Hoary alyssum leaf extract also exhibited allelopathic self-inhibition, in both seedling root and shoot growth at 2 and 4% concentrations. Self- inhibitory allelopathic effects of hoary alyssum could also be important in preventing seed germination and seedling establishment of neighboring plant. Manuscript profile
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  5 - Effects of Drought Stress and Foliar Application of Ascorbic acid, Salicylic acid, Methanol and Post-Harvest Storage on Seed Yield and Seed Vigor of Hyola401 Rapeseed Cultivar
  Seyedahmad Kalantarahmadi Ahmad Ali Shoushi Dezfouli
  10.30495/jcep.2021.681009
  To investigate the effect of drought stress and foliar application of ascorbic acid, salicylic acid and methanol, and post-harvest seed deterioration, two separate experiments were carried out as split plot based on randomized complete block design with three replicatio More

  To investigate the effect of drought stress and foliar application of ascorbic acid, salicylic acid and methanol, and post-harvest seed deterioration, two separate experiments were carried out as split plot based on randomized complete block design with three replications on maternal plants in field conditions and a factorial based on completely randomized design considering by using seed under storage conditions. The main plots were consisted of three irrigation levels, irrigation after 60 mm evaporation from basin, considered as control treatment (optimum irrigation), cessation of irrigation at flowering and silique stages, and sub plots consisted of 10 levels of foliar application, (100, 200, 300 mg.lit-1 ascorbic acid, 100, 200, 300 μmol salicylic acid, 10, 20, 30 vol% methanol and the foliar application with distilled water as control treatment). Seeds obtained of maternal plant were evaluated under no-storage (control) and storage at 40°C for one month. The results showed that foliar application of ascorbic acid (300 mg.lit-1) increased seed yield by 29% under optimum irrigation as compared with non foliar application under the same irrigation condition. Cutting off irrigation of maternal plant decreased radical and plumule weights under both no-storage and one-month storage conditions. The maximum germination percentage belonged to foliar application of ascorbic acid (300 mg.lit-1) under optimum irrigation condition at both no-storage one-month stored seed. The minimum germination percentage belonged to no use of growth regulators application and cessation irrigation at flowering stage. Maternal plants which sprayed with ascorbic acid contained the highest seed weight vigor index at all irrigation treatments. Manuscript profile
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  6 - Study of different methods of seed dormancy and determine the Planting depth in Alhagi camelorum
  foad chopan amin mahmodian vahid aranian hamid niknahad
  The species of Alhagi camelorum is a family of Papilionaceae and legumes. A.camelorum is important and dominant in saline areas of Golestan province which is important for forage production, soil conservation and medicinal value. In nature, the seed germination percenta More

  The species of Alhagi camelorum is a family of Papilionaceae and legumes. A.camelorum is important and dominant in saline areas of Golestan province which is important for forage production, soil conservation and medicinal value. In nature, the seed germination percentage for this species is low. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of different treatments of sulfuric acid, boiling water, scrub, and control on the failure seed dormancy and seed germination. Seeds of this species were collected from its natural habitat in Aq-qala, Golestan province. The effects of different treatments of sulfuric acid (15 min, 20 min, 25 min), 100-degree boiling (2 minutes and 4 minutes), scrubbing and control were investigated with 4 replications. The results of this study indicated that sulfuric acid had the most effect on germination (15 min) (89%). Other treatments were 25% Sulfuric Acid with 86%, Sulfuric Acid for 20 minutes with 75%, 2 min with 67%, 4 minutes with 36%, 20% and 6% for germination. Also, the results of this study indicated that the most suitable planting depth for this species is 2 cm. In all measured parameters, the lowest amount was obtained in the control treatment. Manuscript profile
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  7 - Seed germination and phytochemical variations of two Iranian borage (Echium amuenum Fisch & C.A.Mey) under the influence of cultivation location
  Manijeh Khorsandi Aghaii Azim Ghasemnezhad javad Mousavizade Esmaeil Babakhanzadeh sajirani
  Iranianborage (Echium amoenum) is one of the most important plants of Boragicaceae. In order to determine the most suitable method of overcoming seed dormancy of this plant, the present study was conducted in two different experiments. The first experiment was carried o More

  Iranianborage (Echium amoenum) is one of the most important plants of Boragicaceae. In order to determine the most suitable method of overcoming seed dormancy of this plant, the present study was conducted in two different experiments. The first experiment was carried out using seeds collected from Mashhad and Javaherdeh based on a factorial study with three replications. Pretreatments were seed treatment at 4° C for 7, 14, and 21 consecutive days under refrigerated temperature, seed treatment with 500 ppm gibberellic acid for 24 hours, and seed treatment with 50% sulfuric acid for 10 minutes. The second experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design in time and location  in two years  and  two locations  of Gorgan and Mashhad. The experiment was carried out to evaluate the effect of climate on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the flower. Results showed that Iranian borage seed has physiological dormancy since the maximum seed germination percentage was obtained by applying pre-cooling treatments in 7 days. Comparison of the two locations revealed more favorable flower yield and secondary metabolite accumulation (anthocyanin, antioxidant, phenol and flavonoid) in plants cultivated in Mashhad region. Therefore, due to the relative resistance of the plant to water deficit, the cultivation of this plant in Mashhad is suggested to be further evaluated. Also, pre-treatment of 7 days of moist chilling is also recommended to facilitate the germination uniformity. Manuscript profile
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  8 - Effects of Artemisia sieberi extract on growth and nutrients uptake of Peganum harmala
  Asma Ricki Maryshany Mahdieh Ebrahimi Ebrahim Shirmohammadi
  10.30495/ijpp.2018.540890
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  9 - اثر میدان مغناطیسی بر شاخص‌های رشد و نمو بذر کوکب کوهی ( Rudbeckia hirta L.) در شرایط خشک و مرطوب
  گل آذین گلباز بهزاد کاویانی
  میدان مغناطیسی به­عنوان یک تیمار بیوفیزیکی برای تغییر شاخص­های رشد و نمو در گیاهان در نظر گرفته می­شود. تحقیق حاضر به منظور بررسی تاثیر میدان­های مختلف مغناطیسی (0، 45، 60، 70 و 75 میلی­تسلا) در شرایط خشک و مرطوب به مدت 30 دقیقه روی جوانه­زنی بذر More

  میدان مغناطیسی به­عنوان یک تیمار بیوفیزیکی برای تغییر شاخص­های رشد و نمو در گیاهان در نظر گرفته می­شود. تحقیق حاضر به منظور بررسی تاثیر میدان­های مختلف مغناطیسی (0، 45، 60، 70 و 75 میلی­تسلا) در شرایط خشک و مرطوب به مدت 30 دقیقه روی جوانه­زنی بذر و برخی شاخص­های مورفولوژیکی و فیزیولوژیکی کوکب کوهی (Rudbeckia hirta L.) انجام شد. نتایج نشان داد که تیمار میدان مغناطیسی باعث افزایش درصد جوانه­زنی بذرهای خشک نسبت به بذرهای مرطوب و شاهد شد. شدت میدان مغناطیسی 70 میلی­تسلا باعث تحریک بیشترین میزان جوانه­زنی بذرهای خشک (40/95 درصد) گردید. میدان مغناطیسی، سرعت جوانه­زنی بذرها را در هر دو شرایط خشک و مرطوب کاهش داد، به­طوری­که بذرهای شاهد بیشترین سرعت جوانه­زنی (5/3 روز) را نشان دادند. بررسی همه­ی صفات مورفولوژیکی از جمله طول گیاهچه و شاخص بنیه و فیزیولوژیکی (وزن تر و خشک گیاهچه) آشکار کرد که میدان­های مغناطیسی باعث تحریک بیشتر رشد در این صفات نسبت به شاهد شدند. در مجموع، استفاده از شدت میدان مغناطیسی 70 میلی­تسلا روی بذرهای خشک برای رشد و نمو بهینه در کوکب کوهی توصیه می­گردد. Manuscript profile
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  10 - Effect of Nanoscale Titanium Dioxide Particles on the Germination and Growth of Canola (Brassica napus)
  H. Mahmoodzadeh M. Nabavi H. Kashefi
  An investigation was initiated to examine the effects of nanoscale titanium dioxide particles on plant growth and development. In view of the widespread cultivation of canola in Iran and in other parts of the globe and in view of the potential influence of titanium on i More

  An investigation was initiated to examine the effects of nanoscale titanium dioxide particles on plant growth and development. In view of the widespread cultivation of canola in Iran and in other parts of the globe and in view of the potential influence of titanium on its growth, this plant was chosen as the model system. Canola seeds were separately treated with different concentrations of nanoscale titanium dioxide (10, 100, 1000, 1200, 1500, 1700 and 2000 mg l-1 and the effect this treatment was studied on seed germination and seedling vigor. Treatment of nanoscale TiO2(20 nm mean particle size) at 2000 mg l-1 concentration promoted both seed germination and seedling vigor . The lowest and the highest germination rate were obtained in 1500 and 2000 mg l-1 treatments, respectively. Higher concentrations of nanoscale TiO2 (1200 and 1500 mg l-1) showed large radicle and plumule growth of seedling compared to other concentrations and control. The inhibitory effect with lower nanoparticle concentration reveals the need for judicious usage of these particles in such applications. This is the first report on the effect of nanoscale particles on canola growth. Manuscript profile
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  11 - Utilization of Rice Hull as a New Substrate for Turf Grass Seed Germination in Sod Production as a Sustainable Approach
  Mohammad Ali Golestani Ali Dolatkhahi Navid Vahdati Omid Nouri Roudsari
  Sod culture is one of the important methods in establishing and repairing of turf grass, especially in sport fields. Nowadays, a mixture of sand and peat are commonly used in sod production in Iran. Because peat media is expensive, it seems necessary to find an alternat More

  Sod culture is one of the important methods in establishing and repairing of turf grass, especially in sport fields. Nowadays, a mixture of sand and peat are commonly used in sod production in Iran. Because peat media is expensive, it seems necessary to find an alternative medium. Rice hull, tea waste and leaf compost as economical organic material that are available in huge loads in north of Iran. The objective of this study was to evaluate the utilization of low cost organic matter on seed germination and uniformity of turf grass in sod production. Therefore a completely randomized design with 3 replications and 6 treatments: 1- mixture of leaf compost and sand (1: 1) (v.v), 2- tea compost and sand (1: 1) (v.v), 3- sand, 4- mixture of rice hull and sand (3: 1) (v.v), 5- mixture of treatments 1, 2, 3, 4 and 6- petri dish as control was carried out in the experimental field of agricultural school of Islamic Azad University, Chaloos branch during summer 2008. Turf grass species used was Lolium prenne. According to the results, it was revealed that the effect of different substrates was significant on seed germination percentage (p≤0.05). Results showed that mixture of rice hull and sand (3: 1) (v.v) increased germination percentage over other treatments. This was probably related to high water retaining capacity and well aeration of rice hull. Furthermore, the lowest and highest uniformity rate was related to mixture treatment and sand media, respectively. It generally seems that these waste products can be used for this purpose economically and sustainably. Manuscript profile
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  12 - The studies of different culture methods in ors (Juniperus seravshanica)
  Farkhondeh Rezanejad Farzaneh Farzan Elaheh ZamaniBahramabadi Farzad Ganjalikhani hakemi
  10.30495/jdb.2023.1967001.1332
  Juniperus is the second most prevalent group of conifers on Earth. The reduction in viable seeds and natural regeneration is an important problem of Juniperus. Juniperus seravschanica is important in soil protection and is very resistant to frost and drought too. In thi More

  Juniperus is the second most prevalent group of conifers on Earth. The reduction in viable seeds and natural regeneration is an important problem of Juniperus. Juniperus seravschanica is important in soil protection and is very resistant to frost and drought too. In this study, seed number in cone, seed emptiness and germination were studied on filter paper, peatmoss+ perlite mixture and in field in Galuchar, sarbijan and Dalfard (Kerman province) in populations. In addition, shoot proliferation and rooting in pot and in vitro culture was assayed. The average number of cone seeds in Glochar, Serbijan and Delfard was 4.86, 3.69 and 3.21, respectively. The average number of full seeds per cone was 1.1, 0.22 and 0.1 (22, 5.96 and 3.1%, respectively) in Glochar, Sarbijan and Dalfard, showing 78, 94 and 97% emptiness, respectively. In all media, seed germination percentage was very low (2-5%). No germination was observed in seeds without cold treatment as well as without scarification (making a hole in seed coat). 20 cm young shoots, after cold treatment and rapid immersion in IBA, grew as normal until 4 week and finally dried after 5-6 weeks. The young shoots (1-1.5 cm) cultured in MS and WPM media proliferated and regenerated new branches in WPM (40% regeneration) and MS (57%) media in combination of BAP and NAA (2+3 and 0.2+3 mgl-1, respectively for WPM and MS). No rooting was observed using IBA after 24 weeks. Manuscript profile
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  13 - The effect of cell phone waves on seeds germination and seedlings growth indices of Chia (Salvia hispanica L.)
  Najmeh Golshan Sedigheh Arbabian Maryam Peyvandi masoomeh mirzai
  10.30495/jdb.2022.1961906.1315
  Due to the increasing use of mobile devices in the world, there are many concerns about the possible effects of the waves emitted by them on the health of living organisms. In recent years, many studies have been conducted to investigate the possible biological effects More

  Due to the increasing use of mobile devices in the world, there are many concerns about the possible effects of the waves emitted by them on the health of living organisms. In recent years, many studies have been conducted to investigate the possible biological effects of these waves. In this study, the effect of cell phone waves on germination of chia seeds (Salvia hispanica L.) has been investigated. After placing the seeds in the petri dish, the mobile phone was placed on the surface of the petri dish and activated by calling another phone. The seeds were exposed to mobile phone waves 3 times a day for 15 minutes for 3 minutes. Another group of seeds were examined as controls without exposure to cell phone waves. The results showed that cell phone waves increased the germination percentage of seeds and increased the average length of roots and stems of chia seeds. Manuscript profile
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  14 - Effects of Silica and Silver Nanoparticles on Seed Germination Traits of Thymus kotschyanus in Laboratory Conditions
  Masoomeh Abbasi Khalaki Ardavan Ghorbani Mehdi Moameri
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  15 - Cryopreservation of Smirnovia iranica (Sabeti) Seeds and Evaluation of Cryopreserved Seeds under Laboratory, Greenhouse and Natural Habitat Conditions
  Mohebbat Ali Naderi Shahab Maryam Jebelli Ali Ashraf Jafari
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  16 - Investigating Allelopathic Effects of Artemisia sieberi on Seed Germination and Seedling Growth Indices of Three Alfalfa Species
  Marzieh Nasiri Ahangar Somaieh Dehdari Zohreh Khorsandi Kouhanestani Fariba Noedoost
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  17 - Treatments for the Optimization of Salsola turcomanica (Litv) Seed Germination and the Effects of Different Drought and Salinity Levels
  Armin Arrekhi Hamid Niknahad Gharmakher Johann Bachinger Ralf Bloch
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  18 - Effect of Different Treatments on Improving Seed Germination Characteristics of Astragalus adscendens and Astragalus podolobus
  Ali Tavili Mahsa Mirdashtvan Rezvan Alijani Masoud Yousefi Salman Zare
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  19 - The Effect of Flowering Time on Seed Dormancy Breaking of Almond
  A. Torabi A. Imani
  10.22034/jon.2010.515763
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  20 - The effects of salinity on germination of three clover species(Trifolium spp.)
  N. Abdi
  The effects of salinity levels of NaCl were examined on seed germination of three clover species: Trifolium pratense, T. resupinatum and T. repens. Salinity levels comprised of 0 (control), 50, 100, 150, 200, 250 and 300 milimolar NaCl. Treatments were arranged factoria More

  The effects of salinity levels of NaCl were examined on seed germination of three clover species: Trifolium pratense, T. resupinatum and T. repens. Salinity levels comprised of 0 (control), 50, 100, 150, 200, 250 and 300 milimolar NaCl. Treatments were arranged factorial design and were compared in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with three replications. Results showed clover species, salinity levels and their interactions had a significant effect on germination percentage of clovers. As the level of salinity increased, seed germination decreased. In regard to salinity tolerance at germination stage,T. resupinatum was the most tolerant species and T. pratense and T. repens, were ranked as the second and third grade respectively. As the level of salinity increased,the percentage of abnormal seedling on T. resupinatum, the percentage of hard un-germinated seeds On T.pratense and the percentage of smooth un-germinated seeds on T. repens, were increased Manuscript profile
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  21 - Investigation of Seed Germination, Early Growth and Physio-Biochemical Parameters of Canola Seedling Exposed to Co3O4 Engineered Nanoparticles
  Malihe Jahani Ramazan Ali Khavari-Nejad Homa Mahmoodzadeh Sara Saadatmand
  10.22034/jchr.2020.1891185.1092
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  22 - Study of priming (hydro priming, salicylic acid and nano silver atomic) seed on the improve indices germination and seedling growth triticale (X Triticosecale Vittmack) under salt stress
  Nafiseh Arab AliKhani Farshad Ghooshchi Alireza Safahani langerudi
  Salinity of the limiting factors crop production in world. For interdict of effects harmful this salinity an test order to the effect of priming (hydro priming, salicylic acid and nano silver atomic) seed on the improve indices germination and seedling growth triticale More

  Salinity of the limiting factors crop production in world. For interdict of effects harmful this salinity an test order to the effect of priming (hydro priming, salicylic acid and nano silver atomic) seed on the improve indices germination and seedling growth triticale (x triticosecale vittmack) under salt stress operating on four levels of salinity (0,6,10,14 dsm-1) and, salisylic acid 20 ppm and nano silver particles 10 ppm). This research in a factorial completely randomized design with three replications implement in the laboratory expertise Agricultural University- Varamin in year 2014- 2015. The results showed that high salinity stress reduce rate and percentage of germination in testes standard germination and cold test and accelerated aging test. Interactive effects of salinity and nano silver particles and Salicylic acid could also have a significant effect on the length seedling, length plumule, length root and rate of germination and rising tension in the plant (at 14 dsm-1), nano silver particles and Salicylic acid failed to prevent damage to the plant. most rate germination in treatment without salinity and pretreatment salicylic acid with mean 8.07 seed in day and least rate germination product in treatment salinity 14dsm-1 and un priming with mean 2.68 seed in day. most length seedling, length root, length plumule in treatment without salinity and pretreatment nano sillver mean order occur by 191 mm, 105mm, 85mm and least quantity factors mean order cause by mean 72mm, 34mm, 37 mm in treatment salinity 14dsm-1 and un priming. most rate appearance seedling accrue in treatment without salinity with mean 10/81% and least rate appearance seedling in salinity 14dsm-1 with mean 7/91 and in treatments priming most rate appearance seedling in treatment nano silver with mean 10/57 % and least that come in treatment un priming with mean 6/85.in treatments salinity most rate germination in cold test in treatment control with mean 65% and least that accrue in salinity 14dsm-1 with mean 43% .most percentage germination in treatment nano silver with mean 62% and least that accrue in treatment control with 37%. in treatments salinity most percentage germination in accelerated aging test in treatment control with mean 52% and least that in salinity 14dsm-1 with mean 30%.in accelerated aging test most percentage germination in treatment nano silver with mean 51% and least that accrue in treatment control with mean 29%. Manuscript profile
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  23 - Evaluation of the effect of drought stress on some characteristics of germination and seed germination of four commercial soybean cultivars produced under low irrigation conditions with a standard germination test.
  Z.S Hoseini tehrani آیدین Hamidi جهانفر Daneshiyan
  In order to evaluate the effect of drought stress on some characteristics of germination and seed set of commercial soybean cultivars under water stress in the research farm of Karaj Seedling and Seed Breeding Research Institute, an experiment was conducted in 1400 usin More

  In order to evaluate the effect of drought stress on some characteristics of germination and seed set of commercial soybean cultivars under water stress in the research farm of Karaj Seedling and Seed Breeding Research Institute, an experiment was conducted in 1400 using a standard germination test in the laboratory. The seed analysis of Karaj Seed and Seedling Registration and Certification Research Institute was carried out factorially in the form of randomized complete block design with 4 replications. The treatments include applying 4 levels of dry stress of polyethylene glycol 6000 with potentials of 0 (no stress), 3-, 6-, and 9-MPa, on the seeds of 4 commercial soybean cultivars, Williams, Hamilton x Essex, TMS, and Bunty, produced at 3 levels. The low irrigation stress of the mother plant, irrigation after the values of 50 (optimal irrigation and control), 100 (mild stress) and 150 (severe stress) mm of evaporation from the evaporation pan were class A). The examined characteristics include: percentage of final germination, percentage of normal seedlings, percentage of abnormal seedlings, percentage of hard seeds, percentage of rotten seeds, average daily germination, average germination time, seedling length and index The length and weight of the seedlings were. The results showed that the mutual effect of drought stress, low irrigation stress and variety had a significant effect on all the examined characteristics. In the treatment of 9-MPa drought stress and without water deficit stress, the Williams variety compared to the treatment without drought stress and without water deficit stress, the average germination time was 0.90 days, the percentage of rotten seeds, hard seeds and abnormal seedlings were 0.18%, 750 respectively. 5.5% and 0.60% increase and average daily germination of 1.28 days, final germination and normal seedling decreased by 1.28% and 4.92%, respectively. In general, among the studied cultivars, Williams variety showed the best and Bunty variety showed the weakest response to low irrigation and drought stress. Manuscript profile