Allelopathic Effect of Alfalfa on the Characteristics of Germination and Growth of Plantago Major and Qodume Shirazi Weeds

Subject Areas :

Esmail Nabizadeh ¹ , Jafar Divdel ² , خدیجه احمدی ³

1 - Associate Professor, Crop Physiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Islamic Azad University, Mahabad Branch, Iran
2 - MSC, Crop Physiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Islamic Azad University, Mahabad Branch, Iran
3 - PhD, Crop Physiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran

Received: 2024-02-02 Accepted : 2024-09-08 Published : 2024-09-25

Keywords: Allelopathy, Aqueous Extract of Alfalfa, Germination, Seedling Growth, Weed.,

Abstract :

Allelopathy is a biological phenomenon of synthesis and excretion of compounds that can affect the growth of different organisms, plant species. In this study, the allelopathic effect of aqueous extract of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) on the germination and seedling growth of two weed species (Plantago major) and (Sisymbrium officinale) was carried out. The experimental treatments included different organs (leaf, whole shoot and root) with different concentrations (0 (control), 25 and 50%). A factorial experiment was conducted in the form of a completely random basic design with three replications in the laboratory of the Faculty of Agriculture of the Islamic Azad University, Mahabad branch in 2014. The results obtained from the laboratory showed that the concentrations of aqueous extracts of different alfalfa organs had a significant effect on the germination characteristics such as percentage, speed and average germination of the two weed species under study. Also, the growth characteristics of dry weight and length of root and shoot were affected by different concentrations of aqueous extracts of alfalfa plant organs. Increasing the concentration of aqueous extract of alfalfa decreased the germination characteristics of weed seeds of barhang and gadomeh. The characteristics of dry weight of root and stem, length of root and stem showed a sharp decrease in 25%, and this decrease was more in aqueous extract prepared from alfalfa root. In general, it was observed that the aqueous extract of alfalfa root had a negative effect on the germination of the seeds of two weeds,

References:

1. Ahmadnia, F., Ebadi, A., Hashemi, M., Akbar Ghavidel, A., and Alebrahim, M.T. 2023. The effect of Sunn hemp extract (Crotalaria juncea) formulated with chitosan nanoparticle on the germination of some weeds. Journal of Seed Research, 12(45): 11-28.
2. Aslam, F., Khaliq, A., Matloob, A., Tanveer, A., Hussain, A., and Zahir, Z.A. 2017. Allelopathy in agro-ecosystems: A critical review of wheat allelopathy-concepts and implications. Chemoecology. 27: 1–24.
3. Braine, J.W., Curcio, G.R., Wachowicz, C.M., and Hansel, F.A. 2012. Allelopathic effects of Araucaria angustifolia needle extracts in the growth of Lactuca sativa seeds. Journal of Forestry Research. 17(5): 440–445.
4. El-Khatib, A. A., A. K. Hegazy, and H.K. Gala. 2004. Does allelopathy have a role in the ecology of Chenopodium murale. Anna. Bota Fennici. 41: 37-45.
5. Esfandiari, S., Dadkhah, A., and Rezvani, R. 2023. Investigation of the allelopathic potential of Zygophyllum eurypterum L. plant on seed germination and seedling growth indices of Triticum aestivum L. plant and Acroptilon repens L. weed. Iranian Journal of Seed Science and Technology. 12(3): 79-92.
6. Farooq, M., Bajwa, A.A., Cheema, S.A., and Cheema, Z.A. 2013. Application of allelopathy in crop production. Int. Journal Agric. Biology. 5: 1367–1378.
7. Huang, W., Reddy, V.P., Shi, G., Huang, P., Hu, H., and Hu, T. 2020. Allelopathic effects of Cinnamomum septentrionale leaf litter on Eucalyptus grandis saplings. Global Ecology and Conservation. e00872.
8. Jamwal, K., Bhattacharya, S., and Puri, S. 2018. Plant Growth Regulator Mediated Consequences of Secondary Metabolites in Medicinal Plants. Journal Appl. Res. Med. Aromat. Plants. 9: 26–38.
9. Lalbiakdika, I., Lalnunmawia, F., and Lalruatsanga, H. 2022. Allelopathic effect of common weeds on germination and seedling growth of rice in wetland paddy fields of Mizoram, India. Plant, Soil and Environment. 68 (8): 393-400.
10. Madayeni, S., and Tohidi Nejad, E. 2020. Allelopathic effects of aqueous extract of three barley cultivars (Hordeum vulgare) on germination and pigment content of Whitetop, Rye grass and Flixweed. Iranian Journal of Weed Science. 16(1): 147-156
11. Pasquini, D., dos Santos Nascimento, L.B., Brunetti, C., Ferrini, F., and Gleadow, R.M. 2023. Is the Invasiveness of Pittosporum undulatum in Eucalypt Forests Explained by the Wide Ranging Effects of Its Secondary Metabolites? Forests. 14: 39.
12. Rezvani, R., and Dadkhah, A. 2023. A study of The effect of the aqueous extract of different organs of Peganum harmala L. on the germination and growth of Amaranthus retroflexus L. and Chenopodium album L. Iranian Journal of Seed Science and Technology. 12(1): 1-14.
13. Ridenour, W.M., and Callaway, R.M. 2001. The Relative Importance of Allelopathy in Interference: The Effects of an Invasive Weed on a Native Bunchgrass. Oecologia. 126: 444–450.
14. Schandry, N., and Becker, C. 2020. Allelopathic Plants: Models for Studying Plant–Interkingdom Interactions. Trends Plant Sci. 25: 176–185.
15. Soltys, D., Krasuska, U., Bogatek, R. and Gniazdowska, A. 2013. Allelochemicals as bioherbicides-present and perspectives. In Herbicides-current research and case studies in use (eds Price, A. J. & Kelton, J. A.) (IntechOpen, 2013).
16. Tarbali, R, Aliloo, A.A., and Farjami nejad, M. 2021. Inhibitory effects of root extract of Ceratocephalus falcata on some germination indices, seedling growth, and enzymatic activities of Triticum aestivum var. Sardary. Iranian Journal Seed Research. 7(2).
17. Tatari, M., Gholamalipour Alamdari, E., Avarseji, Z., and Zarei, M. 2020. Aqueous extract effect of different organs of Malva sylvestris weed on germination characteristics and photosynthetic pigments of Echinochloa crus-galli. Iranian Journal Seed Research. 6(2): 11
18. Xie, Y., Tian, L., Han, X., and Yang, Y. 2021. Research Advances in Allelopathy of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) of Plants. Horticulturae. 7: 278.
19. Xuan, T.D., Tsuzuki, E., Tawata, S., and Khanh, T.D. 2004. Methods to determine allelopathic potential of crop plants for weed control. Allelopathic Journal. 13: 149–164.
20. Zamanipour, M., Piri, H., and Eskandarpour, S. 2023. Allelopathic potential effects of Rhazya stricta plant extract on growth control of Cuscuta campestris weed seedlings. Iran Agricultural Research. 42(1).