Effect of gibberellic and salicylic acid on germination improvement and seedling resistance of Cassia angustifolia vahl. under allelopathic stress of eucalyptus camaldulensis compounds
Subject Areas : GeneticMorteza Saberi 1 , vahid karimian 2 , Mehdi Aran 3
1 - Department of Range and Watershed Management, Faculty of Water and Soil, University of Zabol, Iran.
2 - Department of Range and Watershed Management, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran.
3 - Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran
Keywords: germination, Allelopathy, Eucalyptus, Cassia angustifolia, Chemical stimuli, camaldulensis,
Abstract :
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of gibberellic and salicylic acid on germination improvement and protection of Cassia angustifolia under allelopathic stress of Eucalyptus camaldulensis compounds in laboratory conditions. Treatments consisted of pretreatment with gibberellic acid (125, 250, and 500 ppm) and salicylic acid (100, 200, and 300 mg / l), and 5 concentrations of extracted allelopathic compounds of eucalyptus aerial and terrestrial organs (0, 25, 50, 75, and 100 mg / l). Each treatment had four replications and a factorial experiment in completely randomized design was performed. Results of analysis of variance indicated that the interaction effect of pretreatment and allelopathy on all measured traits was significant (p≤0.01). Means comparison showed that eucalyptus extract has allelopathic inhibitory effects on seed germination and early growth of Cassia angustifolia seedlings such that seed pre-treatment with chemical stimulants improved germination percentage and speed and also early growth of seedlings. Seed pre-treatment with gibberellic acid 500 ppm had the best effect on improvement of germination and early growth of seedlings. Overall, the results showed that Cassia angustifolia's response to seed pre-treatment with gibberellic acid was positive, and the seed pretreatment technique with gibberellic acid 500 ppm before planting decreased significantly the inhibitory effects of eucalyptus allopathic compounds at germination stage.
Arteca, R.N. (2013). Plant Growth Substances: Principles and Applications. Springer Science and Business Media. 332 p.
Arya, R. (2003). Yield of Cassia angustifolia in combination with different tree species in a silvi- herbal trial under hot arid conditions in India. Bioresource Technology, 86: 165 – 9.
Bagheri, S. (2014). Allelopathic Effects of eucalyptus and seeding depth on germination characteristics and early growth of Agropyroum desertorum. Range Management, 1 (3):64-51.
Bais, H.P., Vepechedu, R. and Gilory, S. (2003). Allelopathy and exotic plant invasion:from molecules and genes to species interactions. Science. 301:1377-1380.
Barsa, S.M.A., Pannu., I.A. and Afzal. I, (2003). Evaluation of Seedling Vigor of Hydro and Matriprimed Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Seeds. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology, 5(2):121–123.
Burguieres, E., McCu, P., Kwon, Y.I. and Shetty, K. (2007). Effect of vitamin C and folic acid on seed vigour respondent phenolic-linked antioxidant activity. Bioresource Technology, 98 (7):1393-1404.
Camberato, J. and Mccarty, B. (1999). Irrigation water quality: part I. Salinity. South Carolina Turfgrass Foundation News. 6: 68.
Cirac, C., Ayan, A.K. and Kevseroglu, K. (2004). The effects of light and some presoaking treatments on germination rate of st. John Worth seeds. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences, 7: 182-186.
Cuellar, M.J., Giner, R.M., Recio, M.C., Manez, S. and Rios, J.L. (2001). Topical anti-inflammatory activity of some Asian medicinal plants used in dermatological disorders. Fitoterapia, 72: 9–221.
Dunand, R.T. (1992). Enhancement of seedling vigor in rice (Oryza sativa L.) by seed treatment with gibberellic acid. In Progress in plant growth regulation. (Eds.) C.M. Karssen, L.C. van Loon and D. Vreugdenhil). pp 835-841, Kluwer Academic Publishers, London.
Tasgin, E., Atic, O. and Nalbantoglu, B. (2003). Effect of salicylic acid on freezing tolerance in winter wheat leaves. Plant Growth Regulation, 41: 231-236.
Glass, A.D.M. (1974). Influence of phenolic acids on ion uptake. III. Inhibition of potassium absorption. Journal of Experimental Botany, 25: 1104-1113.
Gniazowska, A. (2005). Allelopathic interactions between plants. Multi site action of allelochemicals. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum, 27(3), 395-407.
Greipsson, S. (2001). Effects of stratification and GA3 on seed germination of a sand stabilising grass Leymus arenarius used in reclamation. Seed Science and Technology. 29: 1-10.
Harma, AK., Goyal, R.K. and Gupta, JP. (1999). Senna the best choice for sandy wastelands. Indian Farming, 6: 18-20.
Horii, A., McCue, P. and Shetty, K. (2007). Enhancement of seed vigour following insecticide and phenolic elicitor treatment. Bioresource Technology, 98: 623-632.
Huber, H., Stuefer, J.F. and Willems, J.H. (1996). Environmentally induced carry-over effects on seed production, germination and seed performance in Bunium bulbocastanum. Flora,191: 353-361.
Hus, J.L. and Sung, J.M. (1997). Antioxidant role of glutatnione associated with accelerated agina and hydration of triploid Warermelon seeds. Physiologa Plantarum, 100: 967-974.
Inderjit, W.J. (2001). Allelopathy symposium: Soil Environment effects on allelochemicals activity. Agronomy Journal, 93:79-84.
Kang, H.M. and Saltveit, M.E. (2002). Chilling tolerance of maize, cucumber and rice seedlings leaves and roots are differently affected by salicylic acid. Physiology Plantarum, 115: 571-576.
Kaur, S., Gupta., A.K. and Kaur, N. (2005). Seed priming Increases Crop yield possibly by Modulating enzymes of Sucrose metabolism in chickpea. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science, 191: 81-87.
Kaya, M.D., Okcu, G., Atak, M.M Cıkılı, Y. and Kolsarıcı, O. (2006). Seed treatments to overcome salt and drought stress during germination in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). Europian Journal Agronomy, 24: 291–295.
Krantev, A., Yordanova, R., Janda, T., Szalai, G. and Popova, L. (2008). Treatment with salicylic acid decreases the effect of cadmium on photosynthesis in maize plants. Journal Plant Physiology, 165(9): 920-931.
Lydon, J., Teasdale, J.R. and Chen, P.K. (1997). Allelopathic activity of annual wormwood(Artemisia annua)and the role of artemisinin. Weed Science., 45: 807-811.
Maguirw, I.D. (1962). Speed of germination aid in selection and evaluation for seedling emergence and vigour. Crop Science. 2: 176-177.
Mohamadi, N., Rajaie, P. and Fahimi, H. (2012). allelopathic assay of Eucalyptus camaldulensis Labill on morphological and physiological parameters on monocot and dicot plants. Iranian Journal of Biology, 25:3. 456-464. (In Persian)
Saberi, M. and Tavili, A. (2010). Evaluation different priming treatments influences on Puccinella distans germination characteristics. Iranian Journal of Range and Desert Research. 17(1):60-73. (In Persian)
Saberi, M. and Tarnian, F. (2012). Effects of seed priming on improvement of germination of vicia vilosa under allelopathic components of eucalyptus camldulensis. Plant breeding and seed science, 33(3): 99-108.
Saberi, M. and karimian, V. (2019). Influence of chemical stimulators to development, support and resistant of Datura Stramonium medicinal plant under stress allelopathic components of Eucalyptus camaldulensis. Rangeland, 12(4): 401-410. (In Persian)
Saberi, M. Tavili, A. and Miri, M. (2014). Investigation the effects of different levels of gibberellic and salicylic acid on improvement of germination indices of Festuca arundinacea under stress with allelopathic compound. Journal of Natural Environment, 64(4):415-424.
Saberi, M., Tavili, A. and Shahriari, A.R. (2012). The influence of chemical stimulators on decrease of Thymus kotschyanus allelopathic effect on Agropyron elongatum seed germination characteristics. Watershed Management Research (Pajouhesh & Sazandegi), 95: 45-54. (In Persian)
Saberi, M., Shahriari, A.R., Tarnian, F., Jafari, M. and Safari, H. (2011). Influence of Seed Priming on Germination and Seedling Range Species under Allelopathic Components. Frontiers of Agriculture in China, 5(3):310-321.
Saberi, M., Davari, A., Tarnian, F., Shahreki, M. and Shahreki, E. (2013). Allelopathic Effects of Eucalyptus camaldulensis on Seed Germination and Initial Growth of four range species. Annals of Biological Research, 4 (1):152-159.
Senaratna, T., Touchel, D. Bumm, E. and Dixon, K. (2000). Acetyl salicylic acid induces multiple stress tolerance in bean and tomato plants. Plant Growth Regulation, 30:157-161. (In Persian)
Sharma, A.K., Goyal, R.K, and Gupta, J.P. (1999). Senna the best choice for sandy wastelands. Indian Farming, 6: 18 – 20.
Taherian, N., Naghdi Badi, H.A., Amin, G.H., Akili Shahrebabaki, M., Mehrafarin, A. and Nickhah Basti, A. (2010). Effect of Salinity stress on seed germination Cassia angustifolia V ahl. Iranian Congress on Medicinal Plants. Sari. Iran.
Tavili, A., Saberi, M. and Shahriari, A. R. (2010). Effects of different treatments on improving seed germination and initial growth properties in Zygophyllum eurypterum Boiss. & Buhse and Zygophyllum eichwaldii C.A.M. Watershed Management Research Journal (Pajouhesh & Sazandegi) 86: 64-69. (In Persian)
Trease, G.E. and Evans, W.C. (1983). Pharmacognosy. Balliere Tindall. London, UK. 1983, p: 812.
Upadhyay, A., Chandel, Y., Sagar, N.P. and Afshan, N. (2011). Sennoside contents in senna (Cassia angustifoliaVahl.) as influenced by date of leaf picking, packaging material and storage period. Journal of Stored Products and Postharvest Research, 5: 1-7.
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Arteca, R.N. (2013). Plant Growth Substances: Principles and Applications. Springer Science and Business Media. 332 p.
Arya, R. (2003). Yield of Cassia angustifolia in combination with different tree species in a silvi- herbal trial under hot arid conditions in India. Bioresource Technology, 86: 165 – 9.
Bagheri, S. (2014). Allelopathic Effects of eucalyptus and seeding depth on germination characteristics and early growth of Agropyroum desertorum. Range Management, 1 (3):64-51.
Bais, H.P., Vepechedu, R. and Gilory, S. (2003). Allelopathy and exotic plant invasion:from molecules and genes to species interactions. Science. 301:1377-1380.
Barsa, S.M.A., Pannu., I.A. and Afzal. I, (2003). Evaluation of Seedling Vigor of Hydro and Matriprimed Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Seeds. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology, 5(2):121–123.
Burguieres, E., McCu, P., Kwon, Y.I. and Shetty, K. (2007). Effect of vitamin C and folic acid on seed vigour respondent phenolic-linked antioxidant activity. Bioresource Technology, 98 (7):1393-1404.
Camberato, J. and Mccarty, B. (1999). Irrigation water quality: part I. Salinity. South Carolina Turfgrass Foundation News. 6: 68.
Cirac, C., Ayan, A.K. and Kevseroglu, K. (2004). The effects of light and some presoaking treatments on germination rate of st. John Worth seeds. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences, 7: 182-186.
Cuellar, M.J., Giner, R.M., Recio, M.C., Manez, S. and Rios, J.L. (2001). Topical anti-inflammatory activity of some Asian medicinal plants used in dermatological disorders. Fitoterapia, 72: 9–221.
Dunand, R.T. (1992). Enhancement of seedling vigor in rice (Oryza sativa L.) by seed treatment with gibberellic acid. In Progress in plant growth regulation. (Eds.) C.M. Karssen, L.C. van Loon and D. Vreugdenhil). pp 835-841, Kluwer Academic Publishers, London.
Tasgin, E., Atic, O. and Nalbantoglu, B. (2003). Effect of salicylic acid on freezing tolerance in winter wheat leaves. Plant Growth Regulation, 41: 231-236.
Glass, A.D.M. (1974). Influence of phenolic acids on ion uptake. III. Inhibition of potassium absorption. Journal of Experimental Botany, 25: 1104-1113.
Gniazowska, A. (2005). Allelopathic interactions between plants. Multi site action of allelochemicals. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum, 27(3), 395-407.
Greipsson, S. (2001). Effects of stratification and GA3 on seed germination of a sand stabilising grass Leymus arenarius used in reclamation. Seed Science and Technology. 29: 1-10.
Harma, AK., Goyal, R.K. and Gupta, JP. (1999). Senna the best choice for sandy wastelands. Indian Farming, 6: 18-20.
Horii, A., McCue, P. and Shetty, K. (2007). Enhancement of seed vigour following insecticide and phenolic elicitor treatment. Bioresource Technology, 98: 623-632.
Huber, H., Stuefer, J.F. and Willems, J.H. (1996). Environmentally induced carry-over effects on seed production, germination and seed performance in Bunium bulbocastanum. Flora,191: 353-361.
Hus, J.L. and Sung, J.M. (1997). Antioxidant role of glutatnione associated with accelerated agina and hydration of triploid Warermelon seeds. Physiologa Plantarum, 100: 967-974.
Inderjit, W.J. (2001). Allelopathy symposium: Soil Environment effects on allelochemicals activity. Agronomy Journal, 93:79-84.
Kang, H.M. and Saltveit, M.E. (2002). Chilling tolerance of maize, cucumber and rice seedlings leaves and roots are differently affected by salicylic acid. Physiology Plantarum, 115: 571-576.
Kaur, S., Gupta., A.K. and Kaur, N. (2005). Seed priming Increases Crop yield possibly by Modulating enzymes of Sucrose metabolism in chickpea. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science, 191: 81-87.
Kaya, M.D., Okcu, G., Atak, M.M Cıkılı, Y. and Kolsarıcı, O. (2006). Seed treatments to overcome salt and drought stress during germination in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). Europian Journal Agronomy, 24: 291–295.
Krantev, A., Yordanova, R., Janda, T., Szalai, G. and Popova, L. (2008). Treatment with salicylic acid decreases the effect of cadmium on photosynthesis in maize plants. Journal Plant Physiology, 165(9): 920-931.
Lydon, J., Teasdale, J.R. and Chen, P.K. (1997). Allelopathic activity of annual wormwood(Artemisia annua)and the role of artemisinin. Weed Science., 45: 807-811.
Maguirw, I.D. (1962). Speed of germination aid in selection and evaluation for seedling emergence and vigour. Crop Science. 2: 176-177.
Mohamadi, N., Rajaie, P. and Fahimi, H. (2012). allelopathic assay of Eucalyptus camaldulensis Labill on morphological and physiological parameters on monocot and dicot plants. Iranian Journal of Biology, 25:3. 456-464. (In Persian)
Saberi, M. and Tavili, A. (2010). Evaluation different priming treatments influences on Puccinella distans germination characteristics. Iranian Journal of Range and Desert Research. 17(1):60-73. (In Persian)
Saberi, M. and Tarnian, F. (2012). Effects of seed priming on improvement of germination of vicia vilosa under allelopathic components of eucalyptus camldulensis. Plant breeding and seed science, 33(3): 99-108.
Saberi, M. and karimian, V. (2019). Influence of chemical stimulators to development, support and resistant of Datura Stramonium medicinal plant under stress allelopathic components of Eucalyptus camaldulensis. Rangeland, 12(4): 401-410. (In Persian)
Saberi, M. Tavili, A. and Miri, M. (2014). Investigation the effects of different levels of gibberellic and salicylic acid on improvement of germination indices of Festuca arundinacea under stress with allelopathic compound. Journal of Natural Environment, 64(4):415-424.
Saberi, M., Tavili, A. and Shahriari, A.R. (2012). The influence of chemical stimulators on decrease of Thymus kotschyanus allelopathic effect on Agropyron elongatum seed germination characteristics. Watershed Management Research (Pajouhesh & Sazandegi), 95: 45-54. (In Persian)
Saberi, M., Shahriari, A.R., Tarnian, F., Jafari, M. and Safari, H. (2011). Influence of Seed Priming on Germination and Seedling Range Species under Allelopathic Components. Frontiers of Agriculture in China, 5(3):310-321.
Saberi, M., Davari, A., Tarnian, F., Shahreki, M. and Shahreki, E. (2013). Allelopathic Effects of Eucalyptus camaldulensis on Seed Germination and Initial Growth of four range species. Annals of Biological Research, 4 (1):152-159.
Senaratna, T., Touchel, D. Bumm, E. and Dixon, K. (2000). Acetyl salicylic acid induces multiple stress tolerance in bean and tomato plants. Plant Growth Regulation, 30:157-161. (In Persian)
Sharma, A.K., Goyal, R.K, and Gupta, J.P. (1999). Senna the best choice for sandy wastelands. Indian Farming, 6: 18 – 20.
Taherian, N., Naghdi Badi, H.A., Amin, G.H., Akili Shahrebabaki, M., Mehrafarin, A. and Nickhah Basti, A. (2010). Effect of Salinity stress on seed germination Cassia angustifolia V ahl. Iranian Congress on Medicinal Plants. Sari. Iran.
Tavili, A., Saberi, M. and Shahriari, A. R. (2010). Effects of different treatments on improving seed germination and initial growth properties in Zygophyllum eurypterum Boiss. & Buhse and Zygophyllum eichwaldii C.A.M. Watershed Management Research Journal (Pajouhesh & Sazandegi) 86: 64-69. (In Persian)
Trease, G.E. and Evans, W.C. (1983). Pharmacognosy. Balliere Tindall. London, UK. 1983, p: 812.
Upadhyay, A., Chandel, Y., Sagar, N.P. and Afshan, N. (2011). Sennoside contents in senna (Cassia angustifoliaVahl.) as influenced by date of leaf picking, packaging material and storage period. Journal of Stored Products and Postharvest Research, 5: 1-7.
