Study the Biochemical and Physiological Dynamic Responses to Tribenuron-Methyl Herbicide in Sensitive and Resistant Biotypes of Wild Mustard (Sinapis arvensis L.)

Subject Areas : Antioxidant enzymes

رفعت حسنی نسب فرزانه ¹ , احمد توبه ² , sodabeh jahanbakhsh ³ , rasoul fakhari ⁴ , mohammad ahmadi ⁵

1 - دانشجوی دکتری علوم علف های هرز، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی
2 - عضو هیات علمی دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی
3 - Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
4 -
5 - Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran

Received: 2025-06-07 Accepted : 2025-08-17 Published : 2025-11-22

Keywords: : Cracking, germination, defense mechanism, chlorophyll, resistance mechanisms.,

Abstract :

Herbicide use, as one of the anthropogenic stresses, has profound and multifaceted effects on biochemical, physiological, and molecular systems of plants and can cause significant changes in performance, defense mechanisms, and herbicide resistance. Herbicide resistance reduces the effectiveness of chemical control methods and highlights the need for a more detailed study of resistance mechanisms and the design of new management strategies. In order to evaluate the sensitive and resistant biotypes of wild mustard weed to the herbicide tribenuron-methyl, a factorial experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design in the laboratory of the University of Mohaghegh Ardabili. The first factor was the wild mustard biotype at 2 levels (resistant and sensitive biotypes), the second factor was the herbicide application time at 2 levels (seed coat cracking and seed germination stages), and the third factor was the herbicide doses of tribenuron-methyl (0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 g/ha). In this experiment, the activity of alpha-amylase, beta-amylase, proline, total chlorophyll content, carotenoid content, and seedling dry weight were measured. The results show that the response of resistant and sensitive biotypes to tribenuron-methyl herbicide is influenced by complex genetic factors, growth stage, and herbicide dose. The resistant biotype at low doses (5-15 g/ha) and early stages of growth (seed coat cracking) activates effective defense mechanisms, including increased activity of alpha-amylase enzymes (up to 220%) and accumulation of protective compounds such as proline (185.45%) and carotenoids (110.65%), indicating high tolerance of this biotype to chemical stress. This study emphasizes the need for integrated weed management. The present study bridges basic and applied studies and provides a framework for understanding the molecular mechanisms of herbicide resistance and designing new management strategies in the face of the challenges of increasing weed resistance

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