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Open Access Article
1 - A study of the corrosion of stainless steel 304L coated with a 190 nm-thick manganese layer and annealed with nitrogen flux in a 0.4-mole solution of H2SO4 at different temperatures
Farzaneh Modiri Hadi Savaloni -
Open Access Article
2 - On the corrosion resistance of AISI 316L-type stainless steel coated with manganese and annealed with flow of oxygen
Hadi Savaloni Ensieh Agha-Taheri Fateme Abdi -
Open Access Article
3 - Anti-corrosion properties of stainless steel 304L coated with Mn-based thin film and annealed with nitrogen flux exposed to saline solution under various temperatures
Farzaneh Modiri Hadi Savaloni -
Open Access Article
4 - Developing Organization Redesign Policies based on Burton’s Multi-Contingency Model with a Business Intelligence Development Approach (Case: Esfahan Steel Company)
Mahdi Bahrami Akbar Etebarian Reza Ebrahimzadeh DastjerdiBackground and Purpose The aim of this article is to present the organization's redesign policies in such a way that all organizational dimensions are aligned and appropriate for the development of smart business. Methods Quantitative research was conducted using a MoreBackground and Purpose The aim of this article is to present the organization's redesign policies in such a way that all organizational dimensions are aligned and appropriate for the development of smart business. Methods Quantitative research was conducted using a descriptive survey method. The questionnaire was compiled based on different editions of Burton's multi-contingency model, and the results of its validity and reliability evaluation indicate the high internal validity of the research and the validity of the tool designed in the society. The questionnaire included 90 items to measure 13 dimensions and 26 components of the Likert scale format and was distributed among 263 managers and experts of Isfahan Iron Smelting Company who were selected by stratified random method. Findings After data collection and analysis, it was found that the different structural dimensions of Isfahan steel Company's organizational design based on Burton's multi-contingency model were not located on the same area and were not proportional and aligned. Conclusion The policy of redesigning the organization was proposed in such a way that the environment dimension is chosen as a central dimension for structural changes and adapting and aligning other dimensions of the organization in order to develop business intelligence. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - Critical Discourse Analysis "Man of Steel"(film) Relying on the metaphysical debates on Transmodernism paradigm
Mahdi Yaghobi aliakbar Farhangi Seyyed Jamaluddin Tabibi TabibiIn the twenty-first century, cinema, as the seventh art, continues to play an important role in transmitting the message. The combination of scientific and art paradigms has contributed to their participation in the process of content creation and the transfer of concep MoreIn the twenty-first century, cinema, as the seventh art, continues to play an important role in transmitting the message. The combination of scientific and art paradigms has contributed to their participation in the process of content creation and the transfer of concepts that have a multi-faceted relationship with both fields. In the meantime, cinematic linkage with dominant paradigms at any time as a source of productive content with special capabilities in the production and presentation of concepts has become popular and has attracted many audiences. In this research, the author seeks to represent the metaphysical signs of the new Trans-modernism paradigm in Zack Snyder's "Man of the Paladin". In this regard, the search for metaphysical elements and the discovery of hidden semantic and ideological layers in the film, based on the theory of critical discourse analysis of Freclough, has been carried out with the approach of PADM. The methodology used to collect the metaphysical concepts of the modern trans-modern paradigm is descriptive-analytic. By analyzing the discourse of the film, the author concluded that the metaphysical discourse featured in Steel Man film represents the discourse of the new modern Trance paradigm. Of course, discursive practices such as mythology, savior, future represent a part of the ruling discourse that can not be regarded as ruling discourse. The findings of the research reveal the most important factors affecting the emergence of a new field in the third millennium for human beings with the Trans-modernism Paradigm approach and its impact on Hollywood cinema Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - Construction and Standardization of Performance Evaluation test of Health, Safety and Environment Management Systems of Industrial Sector Contractors
Hamed Yeganeh hossein Parvaresh mohsen dehghani mahmood soltaniIntroduction: Performance appraisal has always been a fundamental and important process for all organizations, especially for the health, safety and environmental management systems of industrial contractors. The aim of the present study is to construct and determine th MoreIntroduction: Performance appraisal has always been a fundamental and important process for all organizations, especially for the health, safety and environmental management systems of industrial contractors. The aim of the present study is to construct and determine the psychometric characteristics of the questionnaire of performance evaluation of health، safety and environmental management systems of steel contractors. Methods: The method of this research is qualitative and quantitative. In the quantitative section، the statistical population included all professors who have research research on the subject، which were selected by the available samples. The collection method in the qualitative section included interviewing and reviewing existing articles. In the quantitative section، the statistical population included all of HSE experts who were selected by cluster sampling of 350 people based on Cochran's formula. The research information was collected through a researcher-made questionnaire based on the qualitative section. Content validation methods، convergence and factor analysis were used to evaluate the validity of the scale. The reliability of the scale was assessed by internal consistency and purity reliability methods. Descriptive and inferential statistical methods were used to analyze the data using SPSS software version 22 and LISREL version 8. Results: The results of exploratory factor analysis showed that the researcher-made questionnaire consisted of seven factors and its validity was in the range of 80 to 100% and reliability was obtained by Cronbach's alpha method of 0.91. The second-order confirmatory factor analysis also confirmed the seven-factor model. This questionnaire was implemented along with the short form of HSE performance evaluation scale for petrochemical contractors، which had a good reliability and validity with 65 items. Conclution: In the present study, a model for evaluating the performance of health, safety and environment management systems of industrial contractors was presented. The developed items are able to evaluate the performance of health, safety and environment management systems of industrial sector contractors. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - Presenting a strategic model of marketing capacities and its impact on performance in order to develop open innovation in Khuzestan steel industry
azadeh taj amir leila Andervazh mohammad hosseinpourIntroduction: Marketing capacity is a mechanism that enables organizations to implement their strategies in a competitive environment. Using these capabilities, organizations can improve their performance in today's competitive environment by using their physical resour MoreIntroduction: Marketing capacity is a mechanism that enables organizations to implement their strategies in a competitive environment. Using these capabilities, organizations can improve their performance in today's competitive environment by using their physical resources and intellectual and strategic assets. The purpose of this study is to present a model of marketing capacity in the Khuzestan steel industry and its impact on the company's performance in developing open innovation. Method: The method of the present study is a combination that was performed in two qualitative and quantitative stages using data theory of the foundation. Qualitative stage data were collected through interviews with 15 experts in the field of marketing who were selected through purposive sampling and analyzed with Maxqda software. Qualitative data analysis software. Results: The results obtained from the analysis of theoretical foundations and research interviews, led to the final model of marketing capacity, which has 10 main categories of product, distribution network, market, customer, competitor analysis, advertising, brand, management strategies, and technological strategies. And training. Analysis of competitors, customers and products in the role of "underlying factors" of the market in the role of "environmental conditions", advertising, brand, distribution network, management strategies, technological strategies and training in the role of "strategies and strategies" and marketing capacity in the role of the "main category" and the company's performance in the role of "consequence" have been identified. The researcher-made marketing capacities that resulted from the results of the qualitative sector and in the quantitative sector, considering the importance of open innovation to be a market leader in the steel industry, the company's performance was measured based on open innovation. Was analyzed. Findings indicated a good fit of the proposed model. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - Recognition and Assessment of Effective Factors Regarding Marketing of Alloy Steel Industry in Iran
H. Ghasemi M. Taghavi M. R. FaniJust the producers would be alive in competitive market who can mix the under control factors it means marketing mix. Quantity of customers are low in industrial marketing, because the competition in the market is high, so the marketing in alloy steel ind MoreJust the producers would be alive in competitive market who can mix the under control factors it means marketing mix. Quantity of customers are low in industrial marketing, because the competition in the market is high, so the marketing in alloy steel industry is very important, alloy steel is a mother industry and it has under hand industries. In this research, Iran alloy steel industry marketing is recognized and assessed . According the results, operation of Iran alloy co. is lower from strong region in elements of product, price, place and promotion, and the product in between marketing mix would have upper operation. The operation of public relation in comparison of personal sales in promotion mix is upper. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - Evaluate the Performance of the Steel Industry by Combining Disaggregated Activity Based on Costing and Aggregated Information with Networking Data Envelopment Analysis
Tahereh Rezazadeh Tekieh Mohammad Hossein Ranjbar morteza shafiee faegh ahmadiSteel industry is one of the most important industries in the country and its growth indicates the development of part of the economy, and given the volume of production and high costs of its activities, it is necessary to design appropriate strategies to increase perfo MoreSteel industry is one of the most important industries in the country and its growth indicates the development of part of the economy, and given the volume of production and high costs of its activities, it is necessary to design appropriate strategies to increase performance and reduce costs. Accordingly, the present study aims to provide a performance appraisal model in the steel industry by combining cost-based models based on activity and Networking Data Envelopment Analysis. For this purpose, financial and non-financial information of a number of subsidiary units of Hormozgan Steel Company were examined. They were used as input indicators of the NDEA model to evaluate performance. The results showed that activity-based costing (ABC) is more accurate than traditional costing and the outputs of this model can be used as inputs to the network data envelopment analysis model to evaluate the performance of units. The use of these two models also provides appropriate information for planning to reduce costs and increase efficiency. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - Comparison of the efficiency of artificial neural network and regression in predicting the skidding time of steel-tracked skidder and agriculture tractor
Najibeh Gilanipoor Akbar Najafi Hamid AryaHaving accurate information about the efficiency of skidding machines in order to reduce transportation costs inforest engineering studies using modern statistical models is very valuable. In this study, the prediction of the skiddingtime in steel tracked skidder and ag MoreHaving accurate information about the efficiency of skidding machines in order to reduce transportation costs inforest engineering studies using modern statistical models is very valuable. In this study, the prediction of the skiddingtime in steel tracked skidder and agriculture tractor was performed using an artificial neural network and multiple linearregression model and then the efficiency of the models was compared. The variables of skidding distance, slope, andvolume in each skidding cycle as independent variables (input variable) and time of each skidding cycle as thedependent variables (response variable) were entered into the model. The results showed the prediction in skidding timeof steel tracked skidder, the explanation coefficient of the MLP neural network and regression model were 0.78 and0.55, respectively and the error rate of models was 0.19 and 0.42, respectively. Also, in the agricultural tractor system,the explanation coefficient of MLP neural network and regression model were 0.70 and 0.62, respectively, and the errorrate of models was 0.18 and 0.28, respectively. Therefore, in both skidding systems, MLP neural network is moreefficient in predicting skidding time than the multiple linear regression model. Sensitivity analysis of the artificialneural network and regression showed that the skidding distance variable in the steel tracked skidder chain wheel andthe skidding path slope variable in the agricultural tractor are the most important. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - Analytical assessment of steel cord drawing lubricant with and without triple mixed-additive addition
Farinaz Shahimi -
Open Access Article
12 - Growth of carbon nanostructures upon stainless steel and brass by thermal chemical vapor deposition method
Z. Haghparast F. Bisepar S. A. Khorrami Sh. Moradi H. Aghaie -
Open Access Article
13 - A two-stage study of grey system theory and DEA in strategic alliance: An application in Vietnamese Steel industry
Hoang-Phu Nguyen Nhu-Ty Nguyen -
Open Access Article
14 - Evaluating of staff’s performance with job satisfaction and Organizational Commitment approach by DEA (case study: Khuzestan Oxin Steel Company)
Mohammad Khodamoradi Mohammad-Hasan Behzadi Mohsen Rostamy-MaleKhalifeh -
Open Access Article
15 - Comparing the effect of dielectric barrier discharge plasma and jet plasma for healing of tendon tissue
مریم Amini مهدی momeni علیرضا JahandidehTendon injury is a common problem and is increased in last decade. The healing of this tissue is weak because the weak blood circulation. Using of new technology such as cold plasma is necessary. The cold plasma is divided according to working gas and set up. The MoreTendon injury is a common problem and is increased in last decade. The healing of this tissue is weak because the weak blood circulation. Using of new technology such as cold plasma is necessary. The cold plasma is divided according to working gas and set up. The plasma jet and DBD are the two main plasma set up that play and important role in healing. Some factors such as voltage and electrode type is important in efficacy of the plasma systems. For achieving the optimum condition for healing, the voltage of plasma jet and DBD is adjusted to 5, 10 and 15 Kv and cu, steel and aluminum electrode were used. Then the density and temperature, voltage, current and OES of the plasmas were measured and the best condition were selected for tendon treatment. The results show that the treatment process is the same in the both plasmas but the amount of healing is different. Comparing the results show that DBD plasma at 15 kV and using CU electrode is the best treatment for tendon healing. OES analysis shows that the new peak of O and N is observed in this treatment which is not seen in the others. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
16 - Environmental risk assessment of steel plant using ANP and TOPSIS methods (Case study: Hamadan Wian Steel Plant)
Fatemeh Zahmatkesh Maryam Kiani Sadr Mehrdad CheraghiBackground and Objective: One of the main indicators of the development of countries and societies is the production and consumption of steel. The aim of this study was to identify and analyze the threatening risks of Wian Steel Plant in 2016. Material and Methodology: MoreBackground and Objective: One of the main indicators of the development of countries and societies is the production and consumption of steel. The aim of this study was to identify and analyze the threatening risks of Wian Steel Plant in 2016. Material and Methodology: After identifying the risks, they were analyzed and ranked using the TOPSIS method. ANP method was used to determine the risk probability score. Finally, using TOPSIS method, the severity of the risk and the sources of risk contamination were calculated. Findings: Based on the results of risk calculations in different categories, it can be stated that among the environmental risks of Wian Steel Plant, 14 risks in the minor to medium category and 3 risks in the unbearable category. Are located. Based on pairwise comparisons made in the Super Decisions software environment, the best solution among all solutions is to install particle and gas control devices such as cyclones and bag dust collectors and the least risk solution is to repair the devices in a timely manner to reduce emissions. Pollutants were identified. Discussion and Conclusion: The results of TOPSIS method showed that the stages of sanitary wastewater production and check and inspection of piping devices, water and gas transmission line are both very high risk level that can be eliminated by preventive and control measures. Or take action to reduce them. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
17 - Application of Analytical Hierarchy process (AHP) for environmental and technical assessment of using industrial and construction debris in road pavement layers
Mohammad Delnavaz Hossein Hasanpour Hossein ZangooeiBackground and Objective: The efficient waste management and the environmental protection are important issues in engineering field especially in road construction. Excessive consumption of natural materials for construction and rehabilitation of roads damages the natur MoreBackground and Objective: The efficient waste management and the environmental protection are important issues in engineering field especially in road construction. Excessive consumption of natural materials for construction and rehabilitation of roads damages the natural environment severely. Therefore, in this research, the use of excavation debris and the steel slag in the road pavement evaluated. Methods: for this purpose, the experiments consisted of plastic and liquid limit, sand equivalent (SE), Los Angeles abrasion, soundness of aggregate and CBR test were done and the reliability of the materials was determined by several factors using Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). Findings: The result of CBR test on debris was obtained 36.2 that indicated the quality of this debris for sub-base layer. On the other hand, the steel slag arising from electric arc furnace cannot be used alone in the pavement layer of road because of lack of adhesion properties and therefore the steel slag was mixed with adhesive materials. Discussion and Conclusion: The results showed proper quality of construction debris and steel slag in road pavement by considering different factors especially environmental issues. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
18 - Environmental Risk Assessment of Sponge Iron production unit in Khorasan Steel Company Using Comparative Methods ETBA and JSA
Samaneh Sanjari Sahar Rezaian Seyed Ali JoziBackground and Objective: The present study was conducted in line with the manufacturers’ awareness and tendency towards minimizing the hazards associated with workplace compounded by technological developments and utilization of modern machinery leading to the in MoreBackground and Objective: The present study was conducted in line with the manufacturers’ awareness and tendency towards minimizing the hazards associated with workplace compounded by technological developments and utilization of modern machinery leading to the increase of both production rates and eventual soaring risk probabilities. Employing Job Safety Analysis (JSA) and Energy Trace and Barrier Analysis (ETBA) methods, the study aims to assess the environmental risk of direct recovery unit. Method: The process began with identification of environmental risks associated with this unit through the abovementioned methods. After identification of risks, the strengths and weaknesses of each method were compared, and finally separate evaluations were conducted using each method. Findings: Six high-risk jobs were identified in Job Safety Analysis Method. 47 hazards were identified to be at the unacceptable risk level in 2 cases, unfavorable risk level in 28 cases and acceptable risk level in 17 cases. In Energy Trace and Barrier Analysis method, 9 types of energy were identified by using energy checklist. The most important risks associated with these energies are reduction gas leakage and increase of gas pressure inside the furnace. In this method, 17 risks were identified in to be at the unacceptable risk levelin 3 cases, unfavorable risk levelin 7 cases, acceptable upon revisit in 3 cases and acceptable with no need for revisitin 4 cases. Conclusion: Implementing the security principles based on personal observations and interviews with experts and using opinions of production experts, proposition was made to make use of a general method combining the two aforesaid methods instead of applying each method separately in orde to ensure the highest efficiency and staff safety. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
19 - Investigation on Environmental Impacts of Hamedan Jafari Steel Industrial Estate in Constructional Phase by Using of Analytical Hierarchy Process Method
Seyed Ali Jozi Sahar RezaianIntroduction: This Study was conducted from 21 December 2012 to 20 December 2013 with purpose of investigating the Environmental Implications of the Foolad Jafari industrial Estate within the Construction process. The Construction Project of Foolad Jafari industrial are MoreIntroduction: This Study was conducted from 21 December 2012 to 20 December 2013 with purpose of investigating the Environmental Implications of the Foolad Jafari industrial Estate within the Construction process. The Construction Project of Foolad Jafari industrial area pursues the Goal of producing spongy Iron and Steel in the Mountaneous zone in middle Komazan which is a part of Malayer. This industrial Estate Measures 96/8 hec. Material and Methods: In this study we first identified the current status of environment considering physicochemical, biological and socioeconomic and cultural environment. To do so, we specified the depth and the area under investigation and then we took samples of air, soil and water. The study of environmental impacts from this structural phase on biological environment was also carried out till 13/25 km from R1 in fact till Lashgardar conservative area. The recognition of the economical, social and cultural features as well as the expert visit of the economical and social traits of the project was done on the basis of the result of the primary census on November of 2006. To conform to the suggestive land-use to physical and ecological capability of environment we had studied the evaluation of ecological capability via systematic Method and also we used Multi Criteria Model for Evaluation of Ecological Iran's Capability by Arc GIS on the Scale of 1/10000. To reach the Industrial development the results of this study showed that: 8/6 percent of this area has the first rank's capability (very suitable), about 75 percent of R1 has the second rank capability (Appropriate) and about 16/4 percent has third rank capability (UN Appropriate). Results and Discussion: The Study of Foolad Jafari Industrial Estate Environmental impacts were done via AHP Method. At first we prioritized the most important pollutants based on the state of environment and also we prioritized the impacts of Structural process on each parameter to determine the priority of structural phase's environmental effects. During the execution of the project we classified the measured pollutants which exceed the standard level on the basis of two main criteria: The effect on Natural Environment and Health and Security. In the following stages we prioritized parameters and based on Hierarchical Method. In this study we used the method via using expert choice software to weigh and prioritize the environmental factors. The results of this study had shown two points: The negative effect on natural environment with 0/750 weight in comparison with negative effect on built environment with 0/250 weight is more important in determining the significant impact of Foolad Jafari industrial Estate Stability. Considering the distance from crowd centers with site place, we can neglect the impacts from gaseous pollutants and Noise pollutant Emissions on native people's health. However the Effect on Natural Environment is more important in Comparison with built Environment. In the Natural Environment the Effect on Physicochemical Environment with 0/667 Weight has higher value in comparison with Biological Environment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
20 - Environmental Impact Assessment of Steel Plants Using Modified RIAM Method (Case Study: Tiam Steel Plant in Guilan Province)
Sajede madani Saeed malmasi Roya nezakati esmaeelzadeBackground and Objective: Nowadays, environmental considerations are known to be a necessity in the country to achieve the objectives of sustainable development. In this regard, environmental impact assessment is an appropriate tool to achieve the sustainable developmen MoreBackground and Objective: Nowadays, environmental considerations are known to be a necessity in the country to achieve the objectives of sustainable development. In this regard, environmental impact assessment is an appropriate tool to achieve the sustainable development objectives. Thus, environmental impact assessment of constructing Tiam steel factories as a mechanism by providing the proper and reasonable techniques of human and natural resources can reduce the costs. The aim of this study is to identify and predict the environmental impacts of constructing Tiam Bistoon steel and rolling factories by using modified RIAM matrix, providing methods to reduce the harmful environmental effects and rendering corrective proceedings. Method: The study area is located in industrial town of Tiam Bistooon at the east of Fouman County. In this study, the prominent impacts of constructing Tiam Bistoon steel and rolling factory were investigated using modified RIAM method for analyzing the impacts of construction in two construction and operation phases. Findings: The results of analysis showed that construction activities and dismantling workshops, earthworks and construction camps had the greatest negative impact on air quality, noise level, soil erosion and surface water resources parameters in physico-chemical environment during the construction period. In biological environment, also, vegetation density would be mostly affected by clearing activities. Moreover, land use change and decline of health indicators have been known as the most significant negative impacts on the socio-economic environment. Conclusion: During the Tiam steel plant operation, the most effective activities have been identified to be combustion process, withdrawal of underground water resources, waste disposal, and transportation of raw materials and etc. which affected the regional air quality, noise level, amount of groundwater and soil characteristics. The most significant negative impact of the project, due to the gases emitted from combustion, would be on regional vegetation and habitat quality in the ecological and biological environment. Also creating job opportunities, thriving businesses and national development prosperity are the most significant positive effects of the project on the economic and social environment during the construction and operation periods. Due to the fact that most of the negative impacts of the project are in very small range, the project can be executed by applying environmental management methods and mitigation measures. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
21 - Presenting a strategic model of marketing capacities and its impact on financial performance in order to develop investment in Khuzestan steel industry
azadeh tajamir leila Andervazh mohammad hossinpourThe purpose of this study is to present a model of marketing capacity in Khuzestan steel industry and its impact on financial performance in order to develop investment. The method of the present study is mix method with an exploratory design that was performed through MoreThe purpose of this study is to present a model of marketing capacity in Khuzestan steel industry and its impact on financial performance in order to develop investment. The method of the present study is mix method with an exploratory design that was performed through two qualitative and quantitative stages using the data theory of the foundation. In Qualitative stage data were collected through interviews with 15 experts and marketing experts who were selected through purposive sampling method and analyzed with Maxqda software. The results of the analysis of theoretical foundations and research interviews led to the final model of marketing capacity, which has 7 main categories of product, distribution, market, customer, competitor analysis, advertising and brand. Competitors analysis and product in the role of "underlying factors" of the market in the role of "intervening conditions", advertising, brand and distribution network in the role of "strategies and strategies" and the role of marketing capacity in the role of "outcome" have been identified. In order to fit the mentioned model, 200 employees of Khuzestan Steel Industry who were selected by random sampling method, answered the researcher-made marketing capacity questionnaire that resulted from the results of the quality section and also Financial dimension of Kaplan and Norton (2001) organizational performance questionnaire. Data were analyzed using LISREL software. Findings indicated a good fit of the proposed model Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
22 - A hybrid fuzzy multiple attribute decision making approach for identification and ranking influencing factors on Bullwhip Effect in supply chain: real case of Steel industry
N. Pilevari M. Hasanzade M. Shahriari -
Open Access Article
23 - Analysis of the sensitivity of air pollution emissions of a steel factory to the prevailing wind direction
zahra mansurian Farhad NejadkoorkiBackground and Objective: wrong locations and overloading in the steel industry have led to the creation of environmental problems by this industry. Wind direction, turbulent conditions and fluxes in the atmosphere near the earth's surface are among the most important a MoreBackground and Objective: wrong locations and overloading in the steel industry have led to the creation of environmental problems by this industry. Wind direction, turbulent conditions and fluxes in the atmosphere near the earth's surface are among the most important atmospheric factors affecting the distribution pattern of air pollutants after leaving their emission sources. The purpose of this study is to model the spread of air pollution in a steel factory under prevailing wind conditions. Material and Methodology: Using meteorological data, prevailing wind conditions, annual and seasonal windrose were modeled by AERMET software. Suspended particles as the most important pollutant in the area of the steel factory were sampled and then analyzed with using the AERMOD model, particle diffusion and dispersion modeling in two time periods of 24 hours and 6 days. Findings: The prevailing winds in this region are in the north, northwest, and southeast directions, and the highest amount of pollution is related to distances of 5000 to 20000 meters from the location of the chimneys and in the direction of the prevailing wind in the region. Also, the amount of air pollution caused by the factory chimney on a 24-hour time scale is lower than the clean air standard. Discussion and Conclusion: In this study, the effectiveness of the AERMOD model in the direction of better management and control of air pollutants and reduction of adverse effects on the environment is investigated, and appropriate solutions to reduce pollution are provided. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
24 - Characterization in "Crossings" Novel by Danielle Steel
Reyhaneh Nami Sharif Abad Reza AshrafzadehVarious nations' relationship and knowing their literature have always been a proper field to create cultural and social changes and evolution. The writers who know themselves as part of other people, social and cultural movements, may cause literature's growth and deve MoreVarious nations' relationship and knowing their literature have always been a proper field to create cultural and social changes and evolution. The writers who know themselves as part of other people, social and cultural movements, may cause literature's growth and development. One of the most important and key elements in story writing is character and characterization undoubtedly which determines form and process of the story. Character in a theatre and novel is the one who should have all psychological and behavioral qualities both verbally and moraly. The present research attempts to study character and characterization in "Crossings" Novel by Danielle Steel; the elements such as protypes, internal and external criterion and etc. Some tables are brought at the end of the research to simplify understanding the characters. The method is librarian and is done through taking notes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
25 - Analyzing feminism and of the novel "Heart of Steel" by Moniro Ravanipour based on Yung's individuality psychoanalytic criticism
fereshteh naseri We achieve pure contents and elements by a deep attitude and survey among contemporary Persian literature novels which they contain a wide spectrum of various relationships and occasions due to having unique fiction components. Among them, the novel "Heart of Stee More We achieve pure contents and elements by a deep attitude and survey among contemporary Persian literature novels which they contain a wide spectrum of various relationships and occasions due to having unique fiction components. Among them, the novel "Heart of Steel" by Moniro Ravanipour includes unique features in order to be analyzed based on the theorists' viewpoint due to having faminism and social occasions and to undermine the women's hidden layers of mind psychologically. Hence, we decided to survey and analyze the proud myth personality in the novel "Heart of Steel" as the main personality of the novel based on Yung's psychoanalytic criticism in the present research, in order to comprehend what arrangements Ravanipour has utilized in her word structure and in processing the fiction personality and how much her word has been able to achieve the absolute individuality by utilizing conscious and unconscious elements and also unique symbols such as: dictator, horseman, Orange tree, the doll old woman and old daughters, and etc., to create unity among multiple dimensions of personality so that it can be surveyed and criticized based on Freud's psychoanalytic viewpoint. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
26 - A DFT and Molecular Dynamics Study on Inhibitory Action of Three Amine Derivatives on Corrosion of Carbon Steel
Mohammad Hossein Ghorbani Maryam Dehdab -
Open Access Article
27 - Corrosion Inhibition of AISI 304 Stainless Steel using Zinc Nitride Coating
Fatemeh Abdi -
Open Access Article
28 - Electrochemical Investigation of Coconut Oil as Green Corrosion Inhibitor for ST37 Carbon Steel Protection
Mohammad Hossein Ghorbani Arash Ghoorchian Hamideh Kalhor -
Open Access Article
29 - Malvasylvestris Flower Extracts as Green Corrosion Inhibitor for Carbon Steel in HCl Solution
Razieh Salahandish Ali Ghaffarinejad Ali Moradpour -
Open Access Article
30 - Electrochemical and Theoretical Studies of Adsorption of 1-H-benzotriazole at Stainless Steel in Hydrochloric acid Solution Interface as Corrosion Inhibitors
Nazanin Behineh Mohammad Hossain Zargazi Hesam Baheri -
Open Access Article
31 - Investigation of the Effect of Volume Fraction of Martensite and Different Tempering Conditions on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of St52 Dual-Phase Steel Used in the Automotive Industry
M Shahverdi B Karbakhsh Ravari -
Open Access Article
32 - Effects of Welding Cycles on Microstructural Characteristics and Mechanical Properties of SAF 2507 Super Duplex Stainless Steel
M. A. Beheshty E. H. Dehkordi K. Zarrin Naghsh M. R. B. Marnany -
Open Access Article
33 - The Effect of Cooling Rate on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of the Plastic Injection Molds
Z. S Seyedraoufi M Samiee F Abdi -
Open Access Article
34 - Dry and Wet Abrasive Conditions of Fe-C-B Wear Resistance Hardfacing Alloy on Mild Steel
M. Mohammadikhah -
Open Access Article
35 - Evaluation of Performance of Resistance Spot Welded Joints with Different Parameters in Advanced High Strength TRIP Steel
I. Hajiannia R. Ashiri M. R. Pakmanesh M. Shamanian M. Atapour -
Open Access Article
36 - Improvement of Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Manganese Steels by Adding Boron Alloying Element
N. Arab -
Open Access Article
37 - Investigation of the In Situ Ceramic Particles (TiCN, TiC) Composite Cladding on the Abrasive Wear Resistance of the Steel Substrate
M. Mohammadikhah A. Hadizadeh S. Mehrabeian -
Open Access Article
38 - Comparison of Ultrasonic and Thermal Stress Relief Treatments of GTAW Welded 316L Stainless Steel Pipes on Residual Stress an Stress Corrosion Cracking(SCC)
N Arab -
Open Access Article
39 - Effects of Shielding Gas on the Depth, Width and Hardness of 17-4PH Stainless Steel during TIG Welding
S, M Hosseini Farzaneh M Belbasi -
Open Access Article
40 - Effects of Shielding Gas on the Mechanical and Microstructural Properties of 409L Ferritic Stainless Steels during Gas Metal Arc Welding
A. Feghhi A. Emamikhah Y. Bayat Asl -
Open Access Article
41 - Study of Fatigue Behavior and Microstructure of 1.6582 Steel Joint by Resistance Butt Welding
O Ashkani H .M Semnani H Sabet M .R Tavighi -
Open Access Article
42 - Weldability of Dissimilar Joint of AISI 304 to CK45 by GTAW Method
A. Taherkhani Y. Shajari K. Mirzavand A. Mellatkhah Z. S. Seyedraoufi -
Open Access Article
43 - Data-based Probe for Bearing Balls using Design Expert with Biodegradable Media
Saurabh Malpotra -
Open Access Article
44 - Thermo-Elastic and Time-Dependent Creep Evolution Behaviour of Ferritic Steel Rotating Disks using Theta Projection Concept
H. Daghigh V. Daghigh -
Open Access Article
45 - Investigating the Performance of Coated Carbide Insert in Hard Steel Helical Milling
Navid Molla Ramezani Behnam Davoodi Mojtaba Rezaee Hajideh -
Open Access Article
46 - Experimental Study on Surface Roughness and Flatness in Lapping of AISI 52100 Steel
Masoud Farahnakian H. ُُShahrajabian -
Open Access Article
47 - The Effect of Focal Distance and Type of Auxiliary Gas on Cut Width in CO2 Laser Cutting of Stainless and Mild Steel Sheets
Hossein Taheri Hamid Zarepour Firouzabadi Majid Hashemzadeh -
Open Access Article
48 - Investigating the Effect of Manganese Content on the Properties of High Manganese Austenitic Steels
Seyyed Amin Torabi Kamran Amini Masab Naseri -
Open Access Article
49 - Steady State Creep Characteristics of a Ferritic Steel at Elevated Temperature: An Experimental and Numerical Study
Roozbeh Alipour Ali Farokhi Nejad Hamid Nilsaz Dezfouli -
Open Access Article
50 - Effect of the Number of Welding Passes on the Microstructure and Wear Behavior of St52 Plain Carbon Steel Coated with a High Chromium-Carbon Electrode
Mohsen Barmaki Kamran Amini Farhad Gharavi -
Open Access Article
51 - Investigation of Compressive Stresses of Stainless Steel 316L Diamond Lattice Structures Under the Effect of Spherical Connections Produced by SLM Additive Manufacturing
Behnam Ahmadi Roozbahani AliAkbar Lotfi NeyestanakIn this study, the compressive stresses of dodecahedron diamond lattice structures have been investigated. The finite element method has been used for Stress analysis. After the simulation, it was found that more stresses are applied at the junction of the struts of thi MoreIn this study, the compressive stresses of dodecahedron diamond lattice structures have been investigated. The finite element method has been used for Stress analysis. After the simulation, it was found that more stresses are applied at the junction of the struts of this structure due to the application of compressive force. For this purpose, the connection point of the structure’s struts was strengthened by spherical connections, and a new type of dodecahedron structure was created. The validation and effect of spherical connections in compressive stresses have been evaluated experimentally. Two types of diamond lattice structures are made of stainless steel 316L by the SLM method. The results show that in the same condition, the use of spherical connections with twice the diameter of the structure’s struts helps to strengthen the structure and increase its compressive strength by 18% compared to the simple structure. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
52 - Effect of MIG Welding Parameters on Mechanical Properties of Dissimilar Weld Joints of AISI 202 and AISI 316 Steels
Venkatratnam Dirisala KESAVA RAO V.V.S -
Open Access Article
53 - Analysis of Material Flow and Phase Transformation in Friction Hydro-Pillar Processing of 1045 Steel
Moosa Sajed S. M. Hossein Seyedkashi -
Open Access Article
54 - Hole-flanging of 2205 Dual-Phase Steel using Incremental Forming Process
Amir H. Roohi Seyed Jalal Hashemi -
Open Access Article
55 - Investigation of In-Situ Compressive Strength of Fiber-Reinforced Mortar and the Effect of Fibers on the Adhesion of Mortar/Steel
Ali Saberi Varzaneh Mahmood Naderi -
Open Access Article
56 - Feed Stock Fabrication of AISI 4605 Steel for Fused Deposition Modeling and Sintering and Designing of Its Extruder Mechanism
Amir Rahimi Jamal Zamani -
Open Access Article
57 - The Moderating Effect of Organizational Commitment on the Relationship between Employees' Perceptions of Workplace Spirituality and Spiritual Intelligence in Isfahan Steel Company
maryam yazdani Akbar Etebarian Mehdi AbzariThe purpose of this research was to study the moderating effect of organizational commitment on the relationship between employees' perceptions of workplace spirituality and spiritual intelligence. This practical research is a field survey and its nature is descriptiv MoreThe purpose of this research was to study the moderating effect of organizational commitment on the relationship between employees' perceptions of workplace spirituality and spiritual intelligence. This practical research is a field survey and its nature is descriptive and correlative. The statistical population of this research is formal suort staff in expertise position and higher of the Isfahan steel factory in 2012 which are reported to be 500 persons. The number of samples was counted 217 persons using the table, and sampling was done randomly. The Rego & Cunha questionnaire was used to collect information for workplace spirituality, King questionnaire was used for spiritual intelligence and Allen &Meyer questionnaire was used for organizational commitment . The reliabilities of 3 questionnaires were calculated To be 0.92,0.94, 0.87. For data analysis, inferential statistics methods (pearson correlation, hierarchical multiple regression ) were used. The results of this research showed that there is a positive and significant correlation between employees' perceptions of workplace spirituality and spiritual intelligence (P < 0.01) Also The moderating effect of organizational commitment on the relationship between employees' perceptions of workplace spirituality and spiritual intelligence was confirmed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
58 - The Effect of Transformational Leadership Style of Supervisor on Occupational Injuries: The Mediating Role of Safety Consciousness, Role Overload and Safety-related Events
فریبا کیانی محمدرضا خدابخشThe aim of the current study was to investigate the effect of transformational leadership style of supervisor on occupational injuries with the mediating role of safety consciousness, role overload and safety related events. The research was a correlational, structural MoreThe aim of the current study was to investigate the effect of transformational leadership style of supervisor on occupational injuries with the mediating role of safety consciousness, role overload and safety related events. The research was a correlational, structural equations modeling. The population consisted of all employees in Esfahan Steel Company in 2012. Through stratified random sampling 210 employees were selected. Research instruments were: Transformational Leadership Style Scale (Bass & Avolio 1990), Safety Consciousness Scale (Westaby & Lee 2003), Role Overload Scale (Beehr, Walsh & Taber, 1976), Safety-related Events Questionnaire (Barlingand et al., 2002) and Occupational Injuries Questionnaire (Barlingand et al., 2002). Data were analyzed by regression and structural equations modeling by LISREL software. To test the role of mediated effects, the Bootstrap procedure in the macro model of Preacher and Hayes (2008) was used. Findings revealed acceptable effects of all variables in the study (P<0.05). Also, the indirect effects of transactional leadership style on occupational injuries with mediating role of safety events; with mediating role of safety consciousness and safety events; and with mediating role of role overload and safety events were studied (P<0.05). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
59 - The Effect of Participative Leadership on Perceived Job Security among Employees of Irik Steel Company: Mediating Role of Psychological Healthy Workplace
Nazila Forouhan Ali MehdadThe main purpose of this research was to study the effect of participative leadership on perceived job security with considering Mediating role of psychological healthy workplace. The study was correlational and population included all employees of the Isfahan Irik stee MoreThe main purpose of this research was to study the effect of participative leadership on perceived job security with considering Mediating role of psychological healthy workplace. The study was correlational and population included all employees of the Isfahan Irik steel company (working there, in winter 1394). Of which, 160 people were selected through convenience sampling method. Research instruments consisted of Participative Leadership Questionnaire by Nemaei (2012), Psychological Healthy Workplace Questionnaire by Mehdad (2011) and Perceived Job Security Questionnaire by Fransis & Barling (2005). Data were analyzed with use of Structural Equation Model (SEM) and result revealed that there is significant direct effect of participative leadership on psychological healthy workplace, psychological healthy workplace on perceived job insecurity and participative leadership on perceived job insecurity (p< 0.01). Moreower, there are significant indirect effect of participative leadership on perceived job insecurity through psychological healthy workplace (p< 0.01). Hence, psychological healthy workplace could significantly mediate participative leadership style and perceived job security relationships and based on research’s results, psychological healthy workplace could be increased through participative leadership style and perceived job security could be increased through psychological healthy workplace. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
60 - Relationship between organization constraints with counterproductive behavior of Isfahan's Mobarakeh Steel company employees considering moderator role of negative affect
Narges Sadat Mortazavi hamidreza oreyziThe purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship organization constraint with counterproductive behavior of Isfahan's Mobarakeh Steel Company employees considering moderator role of negative affect. Organizational constraint is frustrating work condition be MoreThe purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship organization constraint with counterproductive behavior of Isfahan's Mobarakeh Steel Company employees considering moderator role of negative affect. Organizational constraint is frustrating work condition beyond the control of employees that prevent them from completing their work related tasks. Research design was relational and type of moderating analysis and Participants in this study were 319 employees of Isfahan's Mobarakeh Steel Company that Sample Available were selected. The instruments used included The Organizational Constraints Scale (Spector & Jex,1998), Job Related Affects Scale(Fox & Spector,1999) and Counterproductive Work Behavior Index(Fox, Spector & Miles ,2001). Data was analyzed using the hierarchical regression and moderate analysis. The findings indicated that the high organization constraint, their counterproductive behavior increases, when employees have high negative affect. Also moderating effect of negative affect at relationship between organization constraint and counterproductive behavior in the workplace was confirmed (P<0/01). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
61 - The Effect of Hydro Ethanolic Seeds Extract of Neem(Azadirachta indica) and Bakain (Melia azedarach) to the Number of Trypanosoma evansi Steel in Liver of Mice
shahrzad nassiri semnani nastaran GhasempourInroduction & Objective: Trypanosoma evansi induced trypanosomiasis causes infection in domestic mammals as well as humans. Treatment of trypanosomiasis has limitations, including resistance to chemical drugs. The aim of this study was to identify active natural pro MoreInroduction & Objective: Trypanosoma evansi induced trypanosomiasis causes infection in domestic mammals as well as humans. Treatment of trypanosomiasis has limitations, including resistance to chemical drugs. The aim of this study was to identify active natural products and compare the effects of hydroalcoholic extracts of neem seeds and bitter olives against the resistant agent of this disease in the liver organ of mice infected with Trypanosoma evansi.Material and Methods: After collecting and identifying neem and Bakain seeds plants, hydroalcoholic extract was prepared from their seeds by Perkoleh method and after concentrating 100-500 mg / kg of rat weight peritoneally to male rats infected with 3×107 Trypanosoma evansi were injected for 3 days. Routine method was used to determine the number of noises. Serum levels of ALT, AST, ALP were measured. Tissue pathology tests of. Histopathological liver tests were performed after hematoxylin and eosin staining. Statistical evaluation was performed using ANOVA analysis of variance and Prism software and the error limit of p <0.05 was accepted as a significant difference.Results: Neem and Bakain seeds extracts both reduced the number of parasites and compared to the two extracts, the reducing effect of Bakain was greater than that of Neem. Congestion changes, fat degeneration, vacuolar degeneration, Necrosis and cell infiltration in the liver nephritis was higher of the control groups than the treated groups.Conclusion: The use of neem and Bakain seeds hydroalcoholic extracts of in a certain amount of herbal medicine is effective in trypanosomosis (soda). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
62 - Experimental and Numerical Investigation of the Impact of a Blunt Projectile with a Perforated Plate
M Farahmand Kh Vahedi A Naddaf Oskouei R Hosseini -
Open Access Article
63 - Simulation of Residual Stress and Distortion in Welded Carbon Steel Pipe by Considering Solid-State Phase Transformation
M. R Jahanban S FeliIn this paper, a sequentially coupled 3-D thermal-metallurgical-mechanical analysis is developed to predict welding residual stresses and distortion during single-pass tungsten inert gas arc welding (TIG) of low and medium carbon steel pipes (S45C and S15C). The axial a MoreIn this paper, a sequentially coupled 3-D thermal-metallurgical-mechanical analysis is developed to predict welding residual stresses and distortion during single-pass tungsten inert gas arc welding (TIG) of low and medium carbon steel pipes (S45C and S15C). The axial and hoop residual stresses and welding deformation by allowing volumetric change due to solid-state phase transformation are determined. In ABAQUS finite element simulation, the moving heat source is modeled by a user subroutine [DFLUX], and a user subroutine [UEXPAN] is applied for computing the fraction of martensite and volume change during heating and cooling. The simulation results show that for the S15C pipe, solid-state phase transformation has an insignificant effect on welding residual stress and distortion but for the S45C pipe the solid-state phase transformation reduces the axial residual stress in the fusion (FZ) and heat-affected zones (HAZ). Also, the sign of hoop residual stress changes in FZ, and its value of it decreases in HAZ. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
64 - A Computational Wear Model of the Oblique Impact of a Ball on a Flat Plate
M Akhondizadeh M Fooladi Mahani S.H Mansouri M Rezaeizadeh -
Open Access Article
65 - Numerical and Experimental Study of Buckling of Rectangular Steel Plates with a Cutout
M Shariati Y Faradjian H Mehrabi -
Open Access Article
66 - Propose a New Model for Prediction of the Impact Wear Using an Experimental Method
M Akhondizadeh M Fooladi Mahani M Rezaeizadeh S.H Mansouri -
Open Access Article
67 - Energy-Based Prediction of Low-Cycle Fatigue Life of CK45 Steel and SS316 Stainless Steel
M Shariati H Mehrabi -
Open Access Article
68 - Fatigue Life of Graphite Powder Mixing Electrical Discharge Machining AISI D2 Tool Steel
A Al-Khazraji S.A Amin S.M Ali -
Open Access Article
69 - A Cohesive Zone Model for Crack Growth Simulation in AISI 304 Steel
F Javidrad M Mashayekhy -
Open Access Article
70 - Shape- Dependent Term Investigation of Khan- Liu Yield/ Fracture Criterion as a Function of Plastic Strain for Anisotropic Metals
F Farhadzadeh M Tajdari M Salmani Tehrani -
Open Access Article
71 - Non-Axisymmetric Time-Dependent Creep Analysis in a Thick-Walled Cylinder Due to the Thermo-mechanical loading
M Moradi A Loghman -
Open Access Article
72 - Modeling Energy and Steel Price Volatility and Experimental Test of Inter-Market Volatility Spillover: A Multivariate Study Using VECM and Familty GARCH Models
Seyed Abdolhamid Bahreini Hossein Badiei Faegh Ahmadi Jahanbakhsh Asadnia -
Open Access Article
73 - Comparative study of Female Character in Works by Fahimeh Rahimi and Daniel Steele Case study: “Window” and “Dawn of Love”
Shorangiz Mortazavi Bigan Zahirinav Ramin Moharami The purpose of this study was to investigate the comparative characterization of women in the works of Fahimeh Rahimi and Daniel Steele; regarding the different cultural-religious conditions of the two writers. Fiction, especially novel writing, is one of the mos More The purpose of this study was to investigate the comparative characterization of women in the works of Fahimeh Rahimi and Daniel Steele; regarding the different cultural-religious conditions of the two writers. Fiction, especially novel writing, is one of the most interesting and important fields in the comparative research. Characters were chosen not only because of their intrinsic gravity, but also because they represented certain classes of people in a culture. Persian writer Fahime Rahimi and Daniel Steele the American writers who had included the expressing of the women's emotions and their problems in their novels. The present paper sought to examine the features of the female character in the novel "Window" by Fahime Rahimi and the novel "The Dawn of Love" written by Daniel Steel in a descriptive-analytical way. The findings showed that the story of the “Window”, was realistic and the “Dawn of Love” story was naturalistic. Also, the “Window“ novel of Fahimehi was popular, an Iranian story free of any western images that have formed in the context of a social life with Iranian culture. In the novel “Dawn of Love”, gender stereotypes were featured in male and female characters, and presented the different abilities of men and women. The first characters in the “Window” novel was a staunch character, but in the novel The Dawn of Love, the first character of the woman was a dynamic person. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
74 - Identification and Prioritization of Factors Affecting Financing Chain Management (FSCM) Assessment Using a Mixed Approach in Isfahan Steel Industry
farhad farhadi Ali FaezIn recent years due to the importance of financial issues, supply chain stakeholders expect that financial issues will also be addressed in the supply chain. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to identify and prioritize the factors affecting the evaluation of fina MoreIn recent years due to the importance of financial issues, supply chain stakeholders expect that financial issues will also be addressed in the supply chain. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to identify and prioritize the factors affecting the evaluation of financing chain management in Isfahan steel industry. Developmental research was applied and mixed. Using familiar sampling method, 12 experts were identified. In the qualitative part, content analysis Using MAXQDA software was used for coding and identifying the factors. Prioritization of factors in quantitative part of hierarchical analysis was performed using supersession software. The results showed that factors affecting the evaluation of financing chain management include 8 general themes of delivery speed, compliance, supply chain efficiency, senior management support, accountability, information technology, supply chain costs and reliability. That supporting senior executives with a weight of 0.275 is the first priority and reliability with a weight of 0.021 is the last priority. This study is one of the first studies to identify the factors affecting the evaluation of financing chain management in the Esfahan Steel Industry and to assist companies in applying financing chain management. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
75 - Criteria identification and ranking of sustainable suppliers in the supply chain of Isfahan Steel Company using thematic analysis and MARCOS method
Farzad Tajmiri Rostami farhad farhadiDue to increasing environmental regulations and restrictions, and increasing social awareness, in order to meet sustainable development goals, government oversight of environmental and social issues in organizations has become stricter. Therefore the aim of this study i MoreDue to increasing environmental regulations and restrictions, and increasing social awareness, in order to meet sustainable development goals, government oversight of environmental and social issues in organizations has become stricter. Therefore the aim of this study is criteria identification and sustainable iron ore supplier ranking of Isfahan Steel Company using a new multi-criteria decision-making method, named MARCOS. This research is applicative which performed by qualitative- quantitative method. The statistical population of this study was the raw material purchasing experts, which ten experts were selected by purposive sampling. In the qualitative part, the criteria were identified by thematic analysis. Then, AHP method has been used to calculate the weight of criteria and finally, using MARCOS method, ranking and evaluation of seven major suppliers of iron ore with emphasis on sustainability principles has been done by MATLAB 2019a software. Based on the results, fifteen criteria have been identified in three sectors: economic, social and environmental, which after calculating the weight of the criteria, quality, delivery, and social responsibility, and reliability, adherence to laws, pollution control and distance were more important. It should be noted that the criteria identified in this study were in good agreement with available literatures. Also, the results obtained from MARCOS method were consistent with the results of TOPSIS, COPRAS, VIKOR and SAW methods. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
76 - Model Professional Ethics to Improve Labor Relations between Staff (Case study: Mobarakeh Steel Company)
Mohammad Ali Nadi Nozahtolazaman Moshfeghi Freshteh Salehi MobarakehThe present study aimed to determine the model of professional ethics to improve relations staff Mobarakeh Steel Company to be implemented. In their study questionnaire was distributed to improve labor relations. The reliability was calculated by Cronbach's alpha as 96/ MoreThe present study aimed to determine the model of professional ethics to improve relations staff Mobarakeh Steel Company to be implemented. In their study questionnaire was distributed to improve labor relations. The reliability was calculated by Cronbach's alpha as 96/0 and Spearman-Brown were used to estimate correlation coefficients and Gutman, which were 97/0 and 96/0, respectively. Factor analysis was calculated with the help of a questionnaire validity confirmation. Data were analyzed with single-sample t-test of Friedman and multivariate variance by using SPSS version 19. Results obtained with a significant level of p=001/0 showed that professional ethics (t =422/60) has a significant relationship to improve labor relations. Scores of professional ethics on the improvement of labor relations on the basis of marital status and work variables was significant. The results of the confirmatory factor analysis were performed using SPSS Amos showing the highest and lowest impact factor beta related to the liberal and helping others with professional ethics is to improve labor relations. In general, the relationship between professional ethics in all aspects of the model parameters was significant. Once verified by factor analysis, structural equation model, the model was also confirmed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
77 - Risk Assessment and Ranking in Supply Chain Using Taxonomy Method (Case study: Esfahan Steel Company)
Mohammad Hayati Mohammad Ataie Amir FardinNowadays attend to opportunities and threats in the industry and commerce and evaluation ability of industries and corporations envisage to existed risks and uncertainty is necessary and management of supply chain risks is very important. Management of risk is the proce MoreNowadays attend to opportunities and threats in the industry and commerce and evaluation ability of industries and corporations envisage to existed risks and uncertainty is necessary and management of supply chain risks is very important. Management of risk is the process of identifying risks, assessment and scheduled for reduction of adverse effects. Risk assessment is one of the most important parts in risk management and according to the many risks and the need to expend optimize resource in the supply chain is very important. Risk assessment and ranking determined the superiority of risk based on relevant criteria and offered the opportunity to provide the appropriate response for each risk. In this paper whit present a comprehensive hierarchical model for risk assessment, identification of the main risks of supply chain based on the risk breakdown structure method and determination of measurements criteria, a comprehensive questionnaire was developed based on the relative importance of each risk in the steel supply chain and discuss the Esfahan Steel Company as a case study using taxonomy method as a multi-criteria decision making, is defined. Therefore, the risk associated with procurement and suppliers as the most critical risks identified in the company. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
78 - Investigation of increasing surface hardness of 316L stainless steel using amorphous aluminum phosphate coating
tara bazdar Abdolmajid Eslami ahmad monshi Fatemehsadat Sayyedan Alireza AbbaslooIn this study, amorphous aluminum phosphate coating was applied on 316L stainless steel surface to increase hardness and chemical resistance. Amorphous means no crystal structure and grain boundaries due to the lack of weaknesses related to these two parameters. In this MoreIn this study, amorphous aluminum phosphate coating was applied on 316L stainless steel surface to increase hardness and chemical resistance. Amorphous means no crystal structure and grain boundaries due to the lack of weaknesses related to these two parameters. In this synthesis, ethanol-based aluminum nitrate nonahydrate and phosphorus oxide precursor solutions were used. It was heated to 70 ° C for 15 minutes to obtain a clear sol with 75% by weight of aluminum phosphate and a molar ratio of aluminum to phosphorus of 1.75. After activating the surface of steel plates and immersion in aluminum phosphate sol, it was heated in three stages of one minute for 24 hours at 65 ° C and 30 minutes at 500 ° C. Continuous X-RAY diffraction pattern proved the existence of an amorphous structure and showed that it is controlled with some extra aluminum. Scanning electron microscopy images and spectroscopic analysis showed that the peeling of the coating in marble-activated samples was better than that of Aqua-Regia and Loria. The microhardness test on the heat-treated sample at 500 ° C showed a threefold increase in hardness compared to the substrate metal. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
79 - Evaluation of hot crack sensitivity and mechanical properties of ER310 welding metal in 304 stainless steel welding joints by applying electromagnetic vibration
mohammad amin ghadam dezfouli reza dehmolaei seyed reza alavi zaree -
Open Access Article
80 - Investigation of corrosion behaviour of X70 microaloy steel in acidic environment in one molar sulfuric acid solution in the presence of benzomidazole and methyl benzomidazole
مهدی بروجردنیا Mohammad YazdizadehIn the present study, two inhibitors, benzomidazole and methyl benzomidazole, were used to prevent corrosion of X70 micro-alloy steel in acidic environment in one molar of sulfuric acid. For this purpose, both inhibitors in different concentrations were investigated in MoreIn the present study, two inhibitors, benzomidazole and methyl benzomidazole, were used to prevent corrosion of X70 micro-alloy steel in acidic environment in one molar of sulfuric acid. For this purpose, both inhibitors in different concentrations were investigated in order to find the best concentration, temperature and efficiency of weight loss tests, polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The chemical composition of the sample was obtained by quantum test and the sample with dimensions of 100 × 50 × 10 mm was prepared in 20 pieces. Corrosion protection performance of inhibitors in 1 M sulfuric acid solution for weight loss test after 10 days of immersion and also in polarization and impedance tests using Auto Lab and Nova1.11 software were evaluated. . As a result, the best inhibitory efficiency of benzomidazole at a concentration of 600 ppm was equal to 37% and methyl benzomidazole at a concentration of 400 ppm equal to 30%, and in the combined state of these two solutions have the ability to increase corrosion efficiency up to 73%. As a result, both of these inhibitors showed practical ability to be used in industrial environments. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
81 - A review on the effects of combined stress cracking defects in steels
Reza Navidnezhad Shahram Shahrooei Erfan mirshekari Pejman Taghipour birganiStress cracking is an important threat to steel industries. When certain conditions are created in the environment of steel, the loading of this defect leads to intergranular cracks in the radial-axial plane. These cracks can grow under continuous adverse loading and ev MoreStress cracking is an important threat to steel industries. When certain conditions are created in the environment of steel, the loading of this defect leads to intergranular cracks in the radial-axial plane. These cracks can grow under continuous adverse loading and eventually lead to rupture. A lot of research and experiments have been done in this regard. This article is a review of the combination of conditions governing steels that lead to the growth of stress cracking. Failures caused by stress cracking occur in a long period during several stages such as germination, crack growth and final failure. On the other hand, we know that stress cracking depends on environmental, metallurgical and mechanical conditions. Therefore, in this article, the purpose of investigating the loading conditions at each stage of stress cracking and the effects of repetitive stress on steels will be discussed. Also, the synergistic effects of different parameters during the entire life cycle of steels will also be discussed. The main focus of this review is to relate the loading conditions at each stage of crack propagation, which plays an important role in estimating the remaining life of steels susceptible to stress cracking. This discussion will include how cyclic loading conditions can change steel properties and contribute to the initiation of intergranular cracking. Finally, the modeling of stress crack growth will be discussed and suggestions such as failure analysis due to stress crack growth on sheets were given. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
82 - Investigation of Imidazole-Based corrosion inhibitor (PL-464) and corrosion behavior of X65 steel in Hydrochloric Acid
mehdi borougerdnia Abbas Rajabi Hydrochloric acid is used in many industries. One of its applications is for boilers’ acid cleaning and well acidizing in the oil and gas industry. For the reduction of HCl corrosion on metal parts and installations, corrosion inhibitors a More Hydrochloric acid is used in many industries. One of its applications is for boilers’ acid cleaning and well acidizing in the oil and gas industry. For the reduction of HCl corrosion on metal parts and installations, corrosion inhibitors are used. In this research, the effect of Imidazole-Based corrosion inhibitor PL-464 and the corrosion behavior of X65 steel in Hydrochloric Acid (HCl) is considered. Polarization and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) experiments without and with 50, 100, and 150 ppm of PL-464 corrosion inhibitor at 25, 40, and 60ºc in hydrochloric acid solution are done. The result of these experiments showed that PL-464 inhibits corrosion by surface adsorption mechanisms. As temperature increases, corrosion potential moves toward positive amounts, and inhibition efficiency decreases. Also, corrosion decreases as inhibitor concentration is increased. Weight loss experiment at 25, 60ºc without and with 50, 150 ppm inhibitor is done, which corrosion weight loss percent is decreased as inhibitor concentration is increased. SEM and EDAX analysis showed that the steel surface in solution without inhibitor is damaged and Fe picks are shorter with respect to steel in solution with inhibitor. The results are attributed to the adsorption of inhibitors onto the steel surfaces which protects the steel surface from dissolving in acid solution. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
83 - The Effect of Nozzle Diameter and Water Pressure On Cutting CK45 Steel Quality in Water Jet Process
Unes Anamoradi Mehrdad Ozv AminianCold cutting properties is one of the advantages of abrasive water jet usage that does not generate heat and prevent melting or cracking or warping and surface hardening of the parts. In this study, the effect of nozzle diameter and water pressure in two different amoun MoreCold cutting properties is one of the advantages of abrasive water jet usage that does not generate heat and prevent melting or cracking or warping and surface hardening of the parts. In this study, the effect of nozzle diameter and water pressure in two different amounts has considered on CK45 steel cutting surface roughness. The results show that by increasing the nozzle diameter of 0.76mm to 1.1mm, cutting surface roughness. Also by increasing water pressure from 2500 bar to 3000 bar, although there is no significant change in surface quality, but cutting surface roughness has decreased by increasing water pressure and cutting quality increases. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
84 - Experimental study on the influence of SiO2 nano-fluid on machining force in turning of AISI 4340 steel
Mohsen Khajehzadeh Ghorbanali MomenThis paper studies the effects of soluble cutting fluid-based sio2 Nano-fluid on machining force in turning of hardened AISI 4340 tool steel. These influences, Moreover, are compared with the outputs of similar tests through dry. The obtained results showed 1% volume fr MoreThis paper studies the effects of soluble cutting fluid-based sio2 Nano-fluid on machining force in turning of hardened AISI 4340 tool steel. These influences, Moreover, are compared with the outputs of similar tests through dry. The obtained results showed 1% volume fraction of sio2 Nanoparticles added to soluble water as cutting fluid was considerably reduced machining force in comparison dry. The investigations indicated that sio2 Nano-fluid reduced machining force by 24% compared to the dry state Moreover, the results illustrated that the lowest machining force obtained in cutting speed 400 m/min, feed rate 0.1 mm/rev and cutting nanofluid. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
85 - Experimental investigation on the effect of resistance projection welding parameters on weld joint torque strength of nut to sheet
Nasrollah Bani mostafa Arab Amir Alinaghizadeh Ali DehghaniNowadays welding is the most important and the most common joining processfor Metals (and sometimes other metals). Among the existing methods for welding, ressistance welding uses heat and pressure simultaneously, In this thesis, effect of the process parameters on tors MoreNowadays welding is the most important and the most common joining processfor Metals (and sometimes other metals). Among the existing methods for welding, ressistance welding uses heat and pressure simultaneously, In this thesis, effect of the process parameters on torsional strength of resistance projection welds in sheet metal and nut with different thickness has been investigated. Welding time, welding current and electrode force are the most important factors affecting the quality of a the weld. The Minitab16 software and response surface method have been used to conduct experiments to find the effect of the above parametrs on torsional strength. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
86 - Simulation and study of the effect of variation in carbon and manganese elements on steel 1050 heat treatment (quenching) using AC3 software
Mehdi RafieiThe effect of the amount and type of metal elements in the steel as well as its subsequent effects on microstructure and mechanical properties during the heat treatment process is a proven issue. In this paper, the effect of two important elements, carbon and manganese, MoreThe effect of the amount and type of metal elements in the steel as well as its subsequent effects on microstructure and mechanical properties during the heat treatment process is a proven issue. In this paper, the effect of two important elements, carbon and manganese, on steel 1050 heat treatment, quenching, is investigated. The results of the simulation including, relation between wight percentage variation of them and the effects on surface and depth hardness and also the hardness behavior are analyzed using AC3 software. The elements used in this study were carbon and manganese (%C & %Mn), for either of them the hardness diagram and its behavior at the surface and depth have been prepared. The comparison of the simulation results with the experimental data showed relatively good adaptation. This method can be used in other steels and this software has a very good accuracy to study the effects of elements on the heat treatment of steels. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
87 - Modeling and studying of the effect of part geometry and grain size in heat treatment of 1050 steel using AC3 software
Mehdi RafieiIn this article, the effect of the work piece geometry and microstructure grain size on the heat treatment of 1050 steel has been investigated. For this purpose, two samples of work pieces with round (cylindrical) and square (flat) sections were considered for simulatio MoreIn this article, the effect of the work piece geometry and microstructure grain size on the heat treatment of 1050 steel has been investigated. For this purpose, two samples of work pieces with round (cylindrical) and square (flat) sections were considered for simulation with AC3 software. The effect of each of them was investigated on the growth of grain size in different cooling environments. Also, the hardness at the surface and depth was evaluated for both conditions. The results of the simulation show that the used software has a suitable ability to predict surface and depth hardness, grain size and the behavior of CCT parameters and cooling curves in the heat treatment of 1050 steel and this method can be used on a workshop scale and to be used in industrial applications. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
88 - Simulation of clearance effect on LDR in stainless steel deep drawing
Ali Fathi Jokandan Mehrdad Ozve AminianDeep drawing is one of the most important processes in the sheet metal forming industry where a flat sheet is drawn by the punch into the hole matrix And It takes the shape of the punch. The effective parameter in this process is clearance between punch and matrix MoreDeep drawing is one of the most important processes in the sheet metal forming industry where a flat sheet is drawn by the punch into the hole matrix And It takes the shape of the punch. The effective parameter in this process is clearance between punch and matrix. Finite element method is a useful tool for the study of process and impact parameters affecting it. In this project the effect of clearance between punch and matrix on LDR was considered and result are showed 0.9 mm clearance is more optimum suitable for 0.6 mm sheet thickness in deep drawing and decreased to 0.66 mm clearance the LDR was decreased. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
89 - The Emergence of Iron
Khodakaram MazaheriIt is no secret that the Iron Age has a very important place in Iranian archeology studies. In this period, we witness the emergence of significant cultural, economic, social and political changes in the plateau of Iran. In the archeology of Iran, important cultural ind MoreIt is no secret that the Iron Age has a very important place in Iranian archeology studies. In this period, we witness the emergence of significant cultural, economic, social and political changes in the plateau of Iran. In the archeology of Iran, important cultural indicators of this period, especially pottery, architecture and burial, have been comprehensively and extensively studied and researched. However, in the studies related to this period in Iran, the process of iron metallurgy has not been discussed in detail. From this point of view, no comprehensive and independent research has been conducted that includes various aspects of iron metallurgy in the ancient period. Meanwhile, by using the sciences related to the metallurgical industry, it is possible to clarify many issues and ambiguities about the cultural developments of this period. This article aims to present the results of studies on iron metallurgy in ancient times. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
90 - Risks Identification & Analysis in Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems in upstream steel industries
Fatemeh Abbasi Jalal haghighat Monfared Jamshid Edalatian ShahriaryNeed to create within organizational and inter-organizational integration in the supply chain environment and extensive changes in the field of technology and information systems have been the main factors in the formation of enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems. MoreNeed to create within organizational and inter-organizational integration in the supply chain environment and extensive changes in the field of technology and information systems have been the main factors in the formation of enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems. One of the factors for the success of the implementation of these systems and also the main purpose of this study is to correctly identify the risks in the three phases before, during and after the implementation of ERP systems in the study industry, then evaluate the risks obtained and it is appropriate to respond them. Literature reviewed and 52 factors were identified as failure factors of ERP projects. Then, with purposive sampling methodology were interviewed by six experts in the field of ERP systems, which adjusted the risk indicators and achieved 40 risk indicators. A questionnaire was used to collect data to analyze the risk values and data were analyzed by SPSS and Excel software. This paper examines a practical approach to using the risk matrix to assess the risks of ERP implementation in the upstream steel industry. This approach supports key project stakeholders such as the employer, contractor and consultant to meet their obligations and minimize the negative effects on ERP project performance in terms of cost, time and quality objectives . Finally, the risks were divided into three levels: Critical (unacceptable), High (significant) and Medium, and the strategy for dealing with them was described in three categories: Risk avoidance, Active acceptance and Transfer. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
91 - Optimization ELM neural network in prediction problem: case study forecasting demand steel in Iran
Jalal Rezaeenour Mansoureh Yari eili Esmaiel roozbahani Mohammad hossein RoozbahaniPrediction of supply and demand, is a crucial issue for supply chain partners. With the accurate forecasted supply and patterns that indicate the sizes and directions of future production flow, the government and suppliers can have a well-organized strategy and provide MorePrediction of supply and demand, is a crucial issue for supply chain partners. With the accurate forecasted supply and patterns that indicate the sizes and directions of future production flow, the government and suppliers can have a well-organized strategy and provide a better infrastructure for improving industrial sector.With the aim of developing accurate forecasting tool in steel industry, this study present a new optimized neural network, by combination of Extreme Learning Machine and genetic algorithm. We employed our model on a dataset for steel supply - demand in Iran from jul-2009 to jan2013 to estimating the performance. The results show that prediction accuracy and performance relatively better than other classical approaches, according to RMSE and MAPE evaluations. In our model. Based on statistical tests, our new model is better than other model in accuracy, so can be used in as a suitable forecasting tool in steel supply forecasting problems. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
92 - A soft approach to supplier selection problem for a steel company under future uncertainty
Kasra Ghafori -
Open Access Article
93 - Investigation of the Progressive Collapse Potential in Steel Buildings with Composite Floor System.
Pouya Kaafi Gholamreza Ghodrati -
Open Access Article
94 - Design Approach of Bolts and Sandwiching Steel Plates in Hybrid-Sandwiching Systems Based on FEM
Alireza Zaferani Pasha Javadi Parham MemarzadehConventional reduced beam sections (RBS) maintain their capacity with up to 4% drift angle, after which local buckling at the reduced section significantly reduces their resistance. The use of hybrid-sandwiched reduced beam sections (HS-RBS) in the reduced section of co MoreConventional reduced beam sections (RBS) maintain their capacity with up to 4% drift angle, after which local buckling at the reduced section significantly reduces their resistance. The use of hybrid-sandwiched reduced beam sections (HS-RBS) in the reduced section of conventional RBS beams previously proposed by the authors can increase the energy absorption capacity, allowing the beam to reach 7% drift without losing capacity. The experimental results indicate that placing the HS-RBS in the reduced section of the RBS beam does not disrupt its main role in forming a plastic joint in the reduced section. HS-RBS is comprised of grout, nuts and bolts, and the sandwiching plates. In this system, the bolts and the sandwiching plate enclose the grout and the bolts are placed in the grout on two sides of the beam web in the reduced section to increase the grout's capacity to resist the tensile stresses arising from the web buckling. The sandwiching plate is located in the reduced section on two sides of the flange to enclose the grout and increase the buckling resistance of the flange. This study employed finite element modeling (FEM) to analyse beam bolts with different diameters for different sections of the HS-RBS to obtain the best diameter for each bolt. Moreover, sandwiching plates with different thicknesses were examined to find the best thickness. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
95 - Comparison Study on Neural Networks in Damage Detection of Steel Truss Bridge
Hassan Aghabarati Mohsen Tabrizizadeh -
Open Access Article
96 - NEW RCS Frame Connection in Structures
Hasan Aghabarati K. Parhizkar -
Open Access Article
97 - Post-Tensioned Steel Connections Self-Centering Behavior Using the Finite Element Method
Mahmoudreza Shiravand Ahmadreza Torabipour -
Open Access Article
98 - Evaluation of Nonlinear Dynamic Response of Rigid and Semi-Rigid Steel Frames under Far-Field Earthquake Records
Fariborz Farhadi Ali Anvarsamarin -
Open Access Article
99 - The effect of discrete lateral and torsional bracings stiffness on the elastic lateral-torsional buckling of mono-symmetric I beam, under the concentrated moment
E. Mohammadi J. Asgari Marnani S. Tavousi M.S. Rohanimanesh -
Open Access Article
100 - Comparison of plasticity and stiffness of steel shear walls with composite steel plate shear wall
Leila Shahryari Mahdi Esfandiari -
Open Access Article
101 - Bending Fatigue Tests and Finite Element Models of Steel Rectangular Hollow Sections [SRHS]
islam Ezz El-Arab W Gray -
Open Access Article
102 - Evaluating Response Modification Factors of Concentrically Braced and Special Moment Steel Frames in Duplex Buildings
Leila Kalani Sarokolayi Sirous Gholampour dehkordib Masoud Shafaghati sefidabc -
Open Access Article
103 - Presentation of Empirical Relation for the Fundamental Period of Irregular Steel Frames with EBF Steel Braces
F. Omidinasab S. Baharipour -
Open Access Article
104 - Strength Characteristics of Clay Mixtures with Waste Materials in Freeze-Thaw Cycles
Mahya Roustaei Mahmoud Ghazavi -
Open Access Article
105 - Effect of column-foundation connection stiffness on seismic performance of rocking steel braced frame
Masoumeh Farshbaf Abdolreza S. Moghadam -
Open Access Article
106 - Effect of flower pattern on the curvature of high-strength steel pipe in roll forming
M. Karimi Firouzjaei H. Moslemi Naeini B. Abbaszadeh M.M. Kasaei -
Open Access Article
107 - Key Factors Affecting Steel Industry Supply Chain Productivity
Reza Besharatizadeh Reza Radfar Abbas Toloie Eshlaghy Mohammad reza MotadelEfficient supply chain as well as the proper management of its components play an important role in supply chain productivity. The steel industry is one of the mother industries and needs to further enhance its chain productivity. The purpose of the present study is to MoreEfficient supply chain as well as the proper management of its components play an important role in supply chain productivity. The steel industry is one of the mother industries and needs to further enhance its chain productivity. The purpose of the present study is to identify key factors affecting the productivity of national steel supply chain. In order to identify the factors affecting steel supply chain productivity, the SCOR model has been used and its indices have been validated by CVR and CVI forms as well as by steel industry experts, based on which the designed questionnaire was distributed among the managers and experts of the steel industry and the data were collected. Finally, the data analysis was performed using confirmatory factor analysis with structural equations and PLS software. The factors affecting supply chain productivity were confirmed by 30 indices and 6 factors.The results revealed that all 6 factors influence steel supply chain efficiency, however, among these factors, the enabler’s factor Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
108 - The Impact of Corporate Social Responsibility on Innovative Performance with Considering the Mediating Role of Marketing Effectiveness: A Case Study of Khuzestan Steel Industries
Hamed Charkhab Ghanbar Amirnejad -
Open Access Article
109 - The ways of energy cost reduction in steel industry
Mina Kazemian Kiamars Fathi Hafshejani -
Open Access Article
110 - Electrochemical and Tribological Behaviour of Oxide Dispersion Strengthened Duplex Stainless Steel in Mine Water Environment
oladayo olaniran -
Open Access Article
111 - Fabrication and Characterization of Nanostructure Functionally Graded Ni-P Electroless Coating
Sayede Razieh Anvari Sayed Mahmoud Monirvaghefi Mohammad Hossein Enayati -
Open Access Article
112 - Isothermal and cyclic oxidation behavior of AISI 430 ferritic stainless steel coated with titanium
Saeed Keshavarz Morteza Zandrahimi Hadi Ebrahimifar -
Open Access Article
113 - Characterization of SiO2-TiO2 Coatings on 316l Stainless Steel Substrates
Manuel Gutierrez Martinez Lizangela Guerra Barbara Bermudez Reyes Roberto Cabriales Luis Reyes -
Open Access Article
114 - The Effect of Friction Stir Processing Speed Ratio on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of A 430 Ferritic Stainless Steel
Ali Salemi Golezani S. M Arab Sh. Javadi Firooz Kargar -
Open Access Article
115 - Evaluation of corrosion behaviour on Mn-Cr austenitic steels using 0.1 M HCl solution
Arash Fattah-alhosseini B. Izadi M. Asadi Asadabad -
Open Access Article
116 - Semiconducting properties of passive films formed on AISI 420 stainless steel in nitric acid solutions
Arash Fattah-alhosseini Mohammad Mehdi Khalvan -
Open Access Article
117 - The Weldability Evaluation of Dissimilar Welds of AISI 347 Stainless Steel to ASTM A335 Low Alloy Steel by Gastungesten Arc Welding
Iman Hajiannia Morteza Shamanian Masoud Kasiri -
Open Access Article
118 - Inhibitive Assessment of N-(8-bromo-3H-phenoxazin-3-ylidene)-N,N’-Dimethylaminium, as a Novel Corrosion Inhibitor for Mild Steel in 1.0 M HCl
Mansoor Bozorg Taghi Shahrabi Farahani Ghodsi Mohammadi Ziarani Jaber Neshati Zahra Chaghazardi Parisa Gholamzadeh Fatemeh Ektefa -
Open Access Article
119 - Effect of Thermomechanical Processing on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of a Duplex Stainless Steel
Maryam Mohammad Jafarpour Bitollah Eghbali -
Open Access Article
120 - Dissimilar resistance spot welding of AISI 1075 eutectoid steel to AISI 201 stainless steel
Mehdi Safari Hossein Mostaan -
Open Access Article
121 - Structural characteristics and tribological properties of TiAlCr(Si)CN nanocomposite films coated on the SPK 1.2080 tool steel using PVD technique
Mohammad Hassan Dadkhah Tehrani Abdolreza Jafari Tadi Yaghoub Yaghoubi Askarabad Majid Karimian Kamran Amini Mohammad Hossein Dadkhah Tehrani -
Open Access Article
122 - Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of the Friction Welded Joint between X53CrMnNiN219 and X45CrSi93 Stainless Steel
khalil gheisari Mohammad Reza Abasi -
Open Access Article
123 - Taguchi optimization of TiO2 thin film to defeat microbiologically induced corrosion of stainless steel
Hooman Baghi Baghban Sanaz Naghibi -
Open Access Article
124 - Investigation on High Temperature Wear Resistance of Cryotreated Hot Work Tool Steel
Iman Ebrahimzadeh Farhad Gharavi کامران امینی zahra Ghorbani -
Open Access Article
125 - Experimental Investigation on the dissimilar laser weld joints between Inconel 625 Superalloy and AISI 430 Ferritic Stainless Steel
Hossein Mostaan Mahdi Rafiei Mohammad Emadi -
Open Access Article
126 - A Kinetic Study of Vanadium Dissolution During Acetic Acid Leaching of Steel Making Converter Slag
Seyed Amirhossein Emami Mohammad Reza Kelishadi -
Open Access Article
127 - Investigation of Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Ni-Cu-P Coatings Deposited by the Electroless Method
Danial Davoodi Amir Hossein Emami Sayed Mahmoud Monir Vaghefi Mahdi Omidi Hamid Reza Bakhsheshi-Rad -
Open Access Article
128 - Mechanical Behavior of the Copper Matrix Composite Reinforced by Steel Particles
Vahid Norouzifard Ashkan Nazari Siahpoush Amir Talebi -
Open Access Article
129 - The Effect of Reverse Pulse Plating and Lanthanum Addition in Plating Bath on Corrosion Resistance of Austenitic Steel in Chlorine Solution
Leila Bakhtiari Abdolhamid Jafari Shahriyar Sharafi -
Open Access Article
130 - Dissimilar DP780/DP980 Resistance Spot Welded joints: Microstructure, Mechanical Properties and Critical Diameter
Bahman Valizadeh Mehdi Mansouri -
Open Access Article
131 - Inclusion Removal Mechanisms of Al-Killed 304 Low Carbon Stainless Steel Melt Using Hercynite Coated Al2O3-C Ceramic Foam Filters
Ali Baghaei Amir Abbas Nourbakhsh Reza Ebrahimi-Kahrizsangi -
Open Access Article
132 - Effect of Post-Weld Intercritical Annealing on the Microstructure and Tensile Properties of a Gas Tungsten Arc Welded DP700 Steel
Hamid Ashrafi Sayyed Erfan Aghili -
Open Access Article
133 - Evaluation of GMAW Welded Joints in A36 Low-Alloy Marine Steel Sheets: Tensile Test, Hardness, and Fatigue Properties
Mohammad reza Maraki Masoud Mahmoodi Milad Khodaei Hadi Tagimalek -
Open Access Article
134 - An investigation on full annealing temperature and annealing twins’ Density in Fe-33Mn-3Si-2Al high-manganese steel
Gh.R Razavi A Ansaripour H Monajatizadeh M.R Toroghinejad -
Open Access Article
135 - Effect of Deposition Regime on Tribological Behavior of VK8Coating on 1.2344 Tool Steel Obtained by Electro Spark Method
M Aghakhani A Shafyeib H Monajatizadea M. A Aghakhani -
Open Access Article
136 - An investigation on metallurgical and mechanical properties of vacuum brazed Ti-6Al-4V to 316L stainless steel using Zr-based filler metal
M.E Bajgholi R Soltani Tashi A.A Akbari Mousavi E Heshmat Dehkordi -
Open Access Article
137 - Vacuum Brazing of Zirconium-Based Alloy and 321 Stainless Steel Using Titanium Based Filler Metal
M.E Bajgholi E Heshmat Dehkordi -
Open Access Article
138 - The effect of activating fluxes on 316L stainless steel weld joint characteristic in TIG welding using the Taguchi method
E Ahmadi A.R Ebrahimi -
Open Access Article
139 - Influence of Initial Microstructure on Hot Deformation Behavior of Duplex Stainless Steels
M Pouyamanesh B Eghbali Gh. R Ebrahimi M Saadati -
Open Access Article
140 - The Milling of Metalsthrough Adaptive Neuro-FuzzyInference System (ANFIS) for non-touch Measuring of the Temperature to Reduce Coolant
Sara Kashisaz Zahra Basiri Paknafs Ahmad Riahi -
Open Access Article
141 - Predicting the Influence of Electrical Discharge Machining (EDM) Parameters on the Finished Work Surface in CK45 Steel
Esmaeil Jafari Ahmad Afsari Sina Abedpour -
Open Access Article
142 - Texture Evolution in Low Carbon Steel Fabricated by Multi-directional Forging of the Martensite Starting Structuree
Mehdi Salari -
Open Access Article
143 - Feasibility Investigation of Hydroforming of Dental Drill Body by FEM Simulation
Mohammad Sajjad Mahdieh Mohammad Reza Esteki -
Open Access Article
144 - Study the Percentage of Carbon and Ferrite in Layers of Steel (SA-516) by Strip Cladding with E316L
Ahmad Afsari Dara Fazel Jafar Karimisharifabadi Vahid Mehrabi -
Open Access Article
145 - An Electrochemical Investigation on the Effect of Heat-Stable Salts on the Corrosion Resistance of Carbon Steel in MDEA Solution
Hojatollah Abnavi Esmaeil Jafari -
Open Access Article
146 - Enhanced Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of A216 Steel by Friction Stir Processing
Gholamreza Khalaj Gholamreza Ghaffari Bahram Abdolmaleki -
Open Access Article
147 - Analytical Modified Model of Cold Rolling Process and Investigation of the Effect of Work Roll Flattening on the Rolling Force
Mohammad Heydari Vini Pedram Farhadipour -
Open Access Article
148 - Analytical, Experimental and Finite Element Investigation of Internal Pressure Effect in Hydroforming Process on Metallic Bellows Produced from Thin Wall Tube of Austenitic Stainless Steel Grade 316L
Mehdi Arabbeigi Mehran Moradi Boozarjomehr Ghasemi Majid Sattar -
Open Access Article
149 - Formability Study of Steel Tailor laser Welded Blanks (TWB) in Stretch Forming
Mohammad Riahi Ahmad Amini Hossein Bisadi -
Open Access Article
150 - Micro Machining of AISI 440C Stainless Steel using Magnetic Field and Magnetic Abrasive Particles
Yahya Choopani Mohammad Reza Razfar -
Open Access Article
151 - Machinability Improvement of 17-4PH Stainless Steel by Cryogenic Cooling
Salman Khani Mohammad Razfar Masoud Farahnakyan -
Open Access Article
152 - Effect of Cold Rolling sequence on the Texture Development and Magnetic Loss of Grain Oriented Electrical Steels
Mehdi Salari -
Open Access Article
153 - Experimental Study of the Cutting Parameters Effect on Hole Making Processes in Hardened Steel
Navid Molla Ramezani Mojtaba Rezaei Hajideh Ali Shahmirzaloo -
Open Access Article
154 - Investigating steel slit dampers behavior in concrete structures
Leila Hosseinzadeh Seyed Majid Alavinia Ali Ghamari Abbas AkbarpourIran is one of the most seismic countries in the world. Therefore, strengthening the existing structures is essential. Utilization of dampers in structures presumed as one of the best and common methods in seismic retrofitting. Dampers are components which are mostly us MoreIran is one of the most seismic countries in the world. Therefore, strengthening the existing structures is essential. Utilization of dampers in structures presumed as one of the best and common methods in seismic retrofitting. Dampers are components which are mostly used in increasing the attenuation and reducing the energy of earthquake. It is determined in various researches that dampers can decrease the displacement which is induced by earthquake efficiently. In these cases, the behavior of most components of structures is remained elastic. In this study, the effects of slit steel dampers (SSD) through concrete structures are evaluated. Therefore, four models of SSD were selected as described in follow: 3 single slit, 3 double slit, 5 single slit and 5 double slit in three thickness of 6, 8 and 10 (mm), which are used in concrete frame with single diagonal brace where connected to beam-column. The effects of increasing the number of slits from 3 to 5, from single to double and increasing the thickness were studied. The results show that by increasing the thickness of dampers, the area of force-displacement diagram, rigidity and strength are increased in frames. The frames which consisted with double 3 slit dampers shows better performance than 5 slit dampers. The frames with single 5 slit dampers by 10 mm thickness, decreased by 4.9% in rigidity, in comparison with double samples. Also, It is decreased in rigidity by 2.9% and 7.3% for single and double models, respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
155 - Evaluation of the behavior of reinforced concrete (RC) beams reinforced with FRP bars containing ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS)
Arsalan Usefi pour Leila Hosseinzade Seyedeh Mahdieh Miralami yousof zandiIn this paper, the flexural behavior of reinforced concrete (RC) beams with steel or GFRP bars was studied. Compressive, and splitting tensile strengths were used to investigate the mechanical properties of concrete containing ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS MoreIn this paper, the flexural behavior of reinforced concrete (RC) beams with steel or GFRP bars was studied. Compressive, and splitting tensile strengths were used to investigate the mechanical properties of concrete containing ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) at 28 days of age. GGBFS was used in the form of weight percentages instead of cement (0, 30, 40, and 50%). The results of the experiments were used to simulate the properties of concrete materials in ABAQUS software. According to the results, the compressive and splitting tensile strengths of the specimen with 30% GGBFS were 10% and 5.02% higher than those of the control specimen. Then 12 concrete beams were simulated in ABAQUS software. The effect of bar type (steel and GFRP), the ratio of longitudinal reinforcement, and the mechanical properties of concrete with and without GGBFS were investigated. The results showed that increasing the ratio of GFRP longitudinal reinforcement in beams without GGBFS caused a significant increase in the load-bearing capacity up to 21.89% and a decrease in the central displacement of the beams up to 15.10%. Also, the use of steel bars with the same ratio of longitudinal reinforcement as GFRP bars achieved better results (an increase of 29.38% in bearing capacity and a decrease of 35.15% in the central displacement of the specimens). It should be noted that the values of the bearing capacity and central displacement of the simulated specimens were compared with the corresponding values in the relations provided in the ACI 440.1R-15 guide. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
156 - Numerical investigation of new steel connection using short stub column
Farzad Hatami mehrdad taheripour Reza RaoufiLittle evidence of the formation of plastic zones is seen in damaged structures in various earthquakes. Most of the conducted studies have focused on creating a plastic hinge in a part of the beam making irreparable damage to the beam. If the plastic joint in the beam d MoreLittle evidence of the formation of plastic zones is seen in damaged structures in various earthquakes. Most of the conducted studies have focused on creating a plastic hinge in a part of the beam making irreparable damage to the beam. If the plastic joint in the beam does not occur, a force will be created which is more than the plastic moment of the beam to be transferred to the connection and the column. This will either cause the brittle failure of the connection or damage to the panel zone of the column. Therefore, in this research, four connections with new geometry have been proposed aimed at reducing damage in beams and columns and the possibility of replacing damaged parts. In general, the proposed connections are suggested by replacing an H or I-shaped section with a companion, or instead of an end-plate, as a short stub column. In this study, first, a finite element model of the end-plate connection, which is a combination of welding and screwing, subjected to cyclic loading, was selected. Then, after the validation of Abaqus software, a study was carried out on the proposed connections. The results show that the stable region, with its nonlinear behavior, creates a controlled limited joint with extraordinary ductility. Yielding in the stub causes its fusion behavior and prevents damage to beams and columns It also significantly reduces the plastic stress and strain in the panel zone of the column. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
157 - Predicting Hook -Shaped and Concrete Steel Fibers Adhesion Parameters Using Artificial Neural Networks
amir ebrahim akbari baghal Amir ebrahim akbari bagalGiven the importance of using steel fibers in reinforcement of concrete, in the present study using artificial neural networks to predict the behavior of hook -shaped steel fibers from concrete. Due to the constraint of comprehensive laboratory data, data obtained from MoreGiven the importance of using steel fibers in reinforcement of concrete, in the present study using artificial neural networks to predict the behavior of hook -shaped steel fibers from concrete. Due to the constraint of comprehensive laboratory data, data obtained from limited element analysis has been used as neural network input. The fibers are used to simulate the fiber and the Abacus software. In the limited element model, the interactions between fibers and concrete are simulated using the concept of the transitional area of the common surface whose parameters are obtained using the reversed limited element method and the use of the out -of -the -way experimental test results on a fiber sample. After assessment of the numerical model results with the empirical results, the results were extracted for effective parameters of the fibers and based on them using neural networks. Forecasting of the outburst has been carried out by the Multi-Layer Artificial Neural Networks and the Rear Publishing Algorithm, with Marcoradet-Clberg optimization techniques. The results show that the neural network model presented in this study, due to the ability to use more variables in modeling and more accurate results, is an effective way to predict the fiber's extrusion force. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
158 - Friction damper optimization based on parallel sensitivity analysis For self-centering concrete walls with gravity columns
mohsen izadinia mahdi ravanbakhshian Hosein Tajmir Mohammadhasan MeisamiIn recent years, self-centering concrete walls have been used as modern structures. The mechanism of these structures is such that the focus of energy dissipation is on the dampers, and the role of the concrete wall and tendons is to create stiffness and provide the sel MoreIn recent years, self-centering concrete walls have been used as modern structures. The mechanism of these structures is such that the focus of energy dissipation is on the dampers, and the role of the concrete wall and tendons is to create stiffness and provide the self-centering capacity in the system. in a way that reduces the residual deformation in the system. The most important point that should be considered in these structures is the optimal use of dampers in them. In this article, a new system has been introduced which is a combination of self-centering concrete walls with gravity columns. in such a way that the friction dampers were placed in the middle and side positions of the concrete wall. The main focus and goal of this research is to investigate the optimal numerical value for the "slip load of friction dampers" in the middle and side positions of the Self-centering concrete wall based on the "amount of prestressing force" in the friction screws of the dampers, as in the current study , the resistance of damper materials, their shape and dimensional size are not considered as variable parameters And in determining the optimal damping, they are considered without influence.In total, the optimal sliding load based on the tensioning force in the friction bolts has been simultaneously determined by two-way sensitivity analysis by OpenSEES software. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
159 - Numerical Modeling of the U-Boot Roof Behavior and Its Comparison with the Steel Deck Roofs, Cobiax roof, and Concrete Slabs
Saeed Sharifi Ahmad MalekiUndoubtedly, one of the main and effective members in building structures is the ceiling, and the type of execution of this part of the structure will play a significant role in the speed and quality of the entire structure. The application of old materials and traditio MoreUndoubtedly, one of the main and effective members in building structures is the ceiling, and the type of execution of this part of the structure will play a significant role in the speed and quality of the entire structure. The application of old materials and traditional construction methods no longer meets the desired speed and design needs. In this study, in addition to introducing the structure of U-Boot roof, an attempt has been made to provide a comparative approach in terms of structural performance with other common roofs such as steel deck roof, concrete slab and Cobiax roof. For this purpose, after ensuring the results of modeling using Abacus software, modeling of numerical samples and comparing them with other common ceilings have been done. The results indicate that by comparing concrete slabs, when increasing the compressive strength of the specimens, the amount of final yield load is increased, but after the yield point, the failure of the specimens was immediate. Then the load capacity has remained constant for the same displacement, and with a decrease of 30% in the number of U-Boots and a 20% increase in compressive strength, the amount of load capacity has increased by about 22.32%. Comparing these specimens with the state without reducing the number of U-Boots, it is determined that for each similar sample, the load bearing capacity has increased by 10%. The U-Boot roof also has higher hardness and load-bearing capacity than other roofs and the concrete slab has the lowest load-bearing capacity in the same displacements. The performance of the steel deck roof and the Cobiax roof is also close in terms of bearing capacity, but in terms of the hardness or gradient of the force-displacement curve, the Cobiax roof has shown more hardness. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
160 - Investigating the Effect of Using Seismic Separators on Seismic Improvement of Steel frames
ashkan khodabandehlou hamid saeidianThe idea that a building can be uncoupled from the damaging effects of the ground movement produced by a strong earthquake has appealed to inventors and engineers for more than a century. Seismic isolation is effective in reducing seismic demand for buildings and decrea MoreThe idea that a building can be uncoupled from the damaging effects of the ground movement produced by a strong earthquake has appealed to inventors and engineers for more than a century. Seismic isolation is effective in reducing seismic demand for buildings and decreasing seismic damage costs. Today the concept has matured into a practical reality and is taking its place as a viable alternate to conventional (fixed base) seismic resistant construction. This study, three bracing frame and three spacial moment frame were modeled and analyzed and the capacity curve wase plotted.The finaly, response modification Factors for steel frames equipped with base isolation were compiled as a table.Finally, based on the results of the analysis, it was observed that the structures equipped with the surface separator have a more obtuse curve than the non-separating state. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
161 - Study on behavior of Concrete Filled Double Skin Steel Tubular Under Torsion and Cyclic Loading
Ahmad maleki reza khalili Concrete- Filled Double Skin Steel Tubular (CFDST) columns are members of the Concrete- Filled Steel Tubular columns (CFST) family. In CFDST the steel skin and the existing concrete affect each other behavior so that the concrete prevents buckli More Concrete- Filled Double Skin Steel Tubular (CFDST) columns are members of the Concrete- Filled Steel Tubular columns (CFST) family. In CFDST the steel skin and the existing concrete affect each other behavior so that the concrete prevents buckling of the inner and outer steel skins and the both steel skins under load result in the development of the confinement force and subsequently increase the ductility of the concrete and prevent the concrete from brittle damage. To ensure the accuracy of the finite element modeling, the experimental results were compared with the finite element and the accuracy of the modeling was verified. In this research, the section geometry, under monotonic and cyclic loading was investigated. The out-come results show that the CFDST columns have a good ductility, higher energy absorption capacity during an earthquake event and improved behavior under cyclic loading in comparison with CFST columns Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
162 - Friction damper optimization based on parallel sensitivity analysis for self-centering concrete walls with gravity columns
mahdi ravanbakhshian mohsen izadinia Hosein Tajmir Mohammadhasan MeisamiIn recent years, self-centering concrete walls have been utilized as modern structures. The mechanism of these structures is such that the focus of energy dissipation is on the dampers, and the role of the concrete wall and tendons is to create stiffness and provide the MoreIn recent years, self-centering concrete walls have been utilized as modern structures. The mechanism of these structures is such that the focus of energy dissipation is on the dampers, and the role of the concrete wall and tendons is to create stiffness and provide the self-centering capacity in the system resulted in the reduction of residual deformation in the system. The jointed self-centering concrete walls are a type of self-centering wall system where dampers are placed between two concrete wall panels. The most important point that should be considered in these structures is the optimal use of dampers in them. In the present research, a new system has been introduced, which is a combination of self-centering concrete walls with gravity columns. In such a way that the friction dampers were placed in the middle and side positions of the concrete wall. This research aimed to investigate the optimal numerical value for the "slip load of friction dampers" in the middle and side positions of the Self-centering concrete wall based on the "amount of prestressing force" in the friction screws of the dampers. In the current study, the resistance of damper materials, their shape and dimensional size are not considered as variable parameters and they are considered without influence in determining the optimal damping. In total, the optimal sliding load based on the prestressing force in the friction bolts has been simultaneously determined by two-way sensitivity analysis by OpenSEES software. Based on the results, applying the method of determining the percentage of the minimum response coefficient (R) based on parallel (two-way) sensitivity analysis can be recognized as a very efficient method for determining the most optimal friction damper in Self-centering jointed concrete wall systems. Furthermore, the prestressed and optimal force for the dampers indicated that the dampers located between the two walls (set of middle dampers) exhibit a specific optimal value and other dampers (set of side dampers) also present a different optimal value. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
163 - بهینه سازی وزن قاب های فالادی با استفاده از الگوریتم ژنتیک
EHSAN KARIMIOptimization of structures for minimum weight has become important in the recent designs. In this study, a genetic optimization algorithm for weight minimization of steel frames has been used. The genetic algorithm is an optimization and search technique based on the pr MoreOptimization of structures for minimum weight has become important in the recent designs. In this study, a genetic optimization algorithm for weight minimization of steel frames has been used. The genetic algorithm is an optimization and search technique based on the principles of genetics and natural selection. Constraints regarding material strength and serviceability are taken from “AISC code (1989)” and implemented in the algorithm. The design process obtains a frame and bracing pattern with the least weight by selecting appropriate sections for beams, columns and bracing members from the standard set of steel sections. The results of this study indicates that the optimization based on weight minimization is also able to improve structural performance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
164 - Improving the Seismic behavior of Repairable Systems with a Cradle Mechanism in Irregular Mass steel Braced Buildings in Plan
Mohsen Mohajer Tabrizi Abbas Akbarpour Abdul Reza Saroqd Moghadam Maryam F. Nezamabadi Mohammadreza Adib RamezaniThis research has investigated the improvement of the seismic behavior of repairable systems with a cradle mechanism in steel braced buildings with irregular mass in plan. A new method is used to find a suitable method in a building with a regular plan with asymmetric m MoreThis research has investigated the improvement of the seismic behavior of repairable systems with a cradle mechanism in steel braced buildings with irregular mass in plan. A new method is used to find a suitable method in a building with a regular plan with asymmetric mass distribution, in order to reduce the adverse effects of the structure and to quickly repair the damage caused to the structure after a strong earthquake. In this method, by creating lifting conditions at the base of braced bay columns and by using energy-dissipating devices in this part, energy absorption and consumption are transferred to this part of the structure and prevent damage to other parts. Based on the results, the effect of taking into account the effects of vertical and horizontal earthquakes in different mass irregularities of structures in the seismic performance of low-rise structures was determined. Also, the irregularities in the numerical model of the structure have a significant effect on the IDA curves. As the height of the structure increases in the four failure modes, the mean probability of fragility of the structures occurs at a lower Sa, which means that the vulnerability of the structure increases. Also, with the increase in height, the slope of Sa reduction in four failure modes becomes milder, and the fragility curves for two IO performance levels and CP performance level have been obtained for all 6 structures. Considering the effect of irregularities, they are significantly effective in the structural failure of structures, so that considering the effect of these irregularities in mass distribution can lead to an increase in the probability of structural failure. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
165 - Investigating of the Performance of Different Diagonal Brace Patterns in Rehabilitation Lightweight Steel Frame (LSF)
mohamad reza shokrzadeh armin aziminejhadLightweight steel structures (LSFs), which are manufactured dry and manufactured using industrial production and cold rolling (CFS). For carrying the side loads in cold-rolled structures, belt braces or shear walls are used. . Considering that the weight of the material MoreLightweight steel structures (LSFs), which are manufactured dry and manufactured using industrial production and cold rolling (CFS). For carrying the side loads in cold-rolled structures, belt braces or shear walls are used. . Considering that the weight of the materials, the preparation and implementation of the wall is a limiting factor for its use in the repair of the frames. Determining the proper makeup that reduces the use of wall panels can be a significant factor in improving the performance of the frames in improving and framing the frames. The sample of the laboratory chosen to examine the performance of the LSF lightweight steel frame system and the accuracy of the modeling in the ABAQUS software includes a LSF light steel frame system, tested by Bin Liu et al. (2016). For this purpose, the frame reinforced samples were categorized in three general categories, including a non-reinforced sample, a braided braid, a double-row braid, and a 45-degree reinforced sample under a monotonic loading, comparing the results obtained from the sample analysis With non-reinforced specimens, it was found that the bearing capacity of the reinforced frame with double-row double-row multi-row bricks was close to the full 45-degree frame. Use of higher yielding steel increased the static strength and earth-impact resistance of the bracing, but the ability The energy absorption reduces it. Use of 45 ° steel sheets adds an extra Its shape is framed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
166 - Evaluation and Comparison of Seismic Behavior of Steel High-rise Buildings Applying Concrete and Steel Shear Walls
Seyed Fathollah Sajedi Farid SoleimaniOne of the effective factors in the designing process of buildings is how to control and manage the seismic force to achieve the optimal seismic resistance while maintaining proper ductility. In this regard, the application of various bracing systems in the construction MoreOne of the effective factors in the designing process of buildings is how to control and manage the seismic force to achieve the optimal seismic resistance while maintaining proper ductility. In this regard, the application of various bracing systems in the construction of high-rise buildings, such as steel and concrete shear walls is a common solution. Therefore, in this research, once considering the soil-structure interaction and again without considering the impact of this interaction on two 10 and 15-story structures, different models of ABAQUS software were presented in the presence of steel and concrete shear walls. The nonlinear analytical method was investigated. For this purpose, by modeling the structures mentioned in the software, the effect of using steel and concrete shear walls was analyzed in terms of the impact of soil-structure interaction and without it. The results of modeling for 10-story structures showed that the performance of the structure with steel shear wall is better than concrete shear wall. In addition, the results obtained for the 15-story structure showed that the performance of this structure with steel shear wall was better than concrete shear wall. In general, the results present that the steel shear wall exhibits better behavior than the concrete shear wall. In general, it was found that by taking into account the soil-structure interaction in the modeling performed for both types of structures, the outputs are closer to reality. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
167 - A Study of the Seismic Behavior of Special Steel Moment Resistancewith the Use ofDouble and Reverse Arc-Shaped Fuse on the Beam Flange
Aboozar saleh seyyed mehdi zahraei seyyed rasool Mir ghaderiUnexpected brittle failure in steel rigid frameconnectionsby concentrated tensions on the welded area and connectionvulnerability in high ductility demands as occurred during the Northridge (1994) and Kobe (1995)has challenged ductility properties and ability to absorbs MoreUnexpected brittle failure in steel rigid frameconnectionsby concentrated tensions on the welded area and connectionvulnerability in high ductility demands as occurred during the Northridge (1994) and Kobe (1995)has challenged ductility properties and ability to absorbseismic energy in this type of structural system. So in design of this type of structural system, creating ductility and ability to withstand cyclic large deformations is important. On this basis, in present study two new beam-to-column moment connections with reduced beam section by double orreverse arc-shaped fuseare studied in capacity design approach. The arc-shaped fuse, by removing flange and a part of web and replacing double orreverse arc-shapedin the section bending of the beam, resulted in a ductile fuse away from beam-to-column connections components, which prevents connection vulnerability in high ductility demands. The purpose has been numerically studied byfournumericalmodelsunder cyclic load using ABAQUS 6.10 finite element software. Obtained numerical results were compared with those of other studies. The numerical results show that arc-shapedfuse creates ductile fuses faraway from beam-to-column connectioncomponents and can satisfy acceptance conditions of special moment resistance connection based on AISC and FEMA. The arc-shaped fusecan increase drift story capacity up to 8% without any significant strength loss through increasing the out-of-plane stiffness of the beam longitudinal axis against lateral-torsional buckling.According toelasticflexural strengthandstiffnessof beam criteria,the reversearc-shaped fuseisabetter choicethan double arc-shaped fuse. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
168 - On the influence of age on compressive strength of UHPCs constructed in Iran
masood pourbaba elyar asefiThe mix design of the Ultra-High-Performance Concrete (UHPC) consists of water, microsilica, steel fiber, cement, fine sand, superplasticizer and stone powders such as quartz. The intended UHPC will be constructed using the indigenous materials in Iran which will be sub MoreThe mix design of the Ultra-High-Performance Concrete (UHPC) consists of water, microsilica, steel fiber, cement, fine sand, superplasticizer and stone powders such as quartz. The intended UHPC will be constructed using the indigenous materials in Iran which will be subject to investigations regarding the influence of ageing on its compressive strength. Low water-to-cement ratios contribute to high-density concretes exceeding 130MPa in compressive strength. Incorporation of the steel fiber plays its role in enhancing the tensile strength and post-cracking behavior of concrete by bridging and closing the cracks from their initiation until their propagation. Attention should also be given to the application of the highly-reactive microsilica with its high surface energy feature should. In this study, 112 cubic specimens (10 with different steel fiber contents were investigated. Compressive strength tests were carried out on concrete during different stages of ageing. Results revealed an increasing trend for the compressive strength of concrete with the increase in fiber content (5). However, there is an upper limit for the fiber content, e.g. 6% which significantly degrades the performance of concrete beyond this limit, not to mention the challenges that occur in practice in this case. Finally, for specimens constructed with the aforementioned procedure, 90% of the ultimate strengths are obtained after 18 days. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
169 - Effects of Bracing Arrangement along the Building Height on Collapse Fragility Curve of Steel Braced Frame Systems
Ali Seyedkazemi Seyed Reza Hashemi ShahandashtiThe steel braced frame system is one of the lateral load resisting systems which is used extensively for low- to mid-rise buildings. In this structural system, the braces can be arranged in different forms along the building height due to different reasons such as archi MoreThe steel braced frame system is one of the lateral load resisting systems which is used extensively for low- to mid-rise buildings. In this structural system, the braces can be arranged in different forms along the building height due to different reasons such as architectural and structural limitations or design considerations. The bracing arrangement affects the seismic performance of the structural system and each of the elements. In this study, the impact of bracing arrangement along the building height on ultimate failure capacity and collapse fragility curves of steel CBFs is investigated. For this purpose, 4 and 8-story steel CBF buildings with 6 different arrangements of braces were selected and modeled in PERFORM-3D software. The models were then analyzed using the incremental dynamic analysis (IDA) method. Afterwards, the collapse capacity of the models and the uncertainty index were calculated, and the collapse fragility curves were generated. The results show that, by modifying the arrangement of braces without significant changes in lateral stiffness and fundamental period of structure, it is possible to increase the collapse spectral acceleration and decrease the probability of collapse at the maximum considered earthquake intensity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
170 - Numerical Analysis of Performance of Eccentric Braced Frames Equipped with the Steel Plate in the area Under the link beam and the beam out of the link
Hamid SattarianKarajAbab ahmad malekiCountry of Iran due to the existence of numerous faults and stresses by the borders of the shell,has been witnessing the occurrence of many earthquakes throughout the year. Thus providing resistant systems for structural stability against lateral forces of the main conc MoreCountry of Iran due to the existence of numerous faults and stresses by the borders of the shell,has been witnessing the occurrence of many earthquakes throughout the year. Thus providing resistant systems for structural stability against lateral forces of the main concerns of civil engineering in the country. The lateral resistant systems, Eccentrically Brace frame model, which relying on the rotation of link beam causes the absorption of structural earthquake force, while the excessive rotation of the link beam region can weaken the structural performance level, and makes some significant cracks in the concrete slab. In the present study, a new model of eccentrically brace system equipped with a steel plate in the lower link beam, and the beam out of the links provided. Numerical modeling in Abaqus software and protocol load is applied based on the ATC-24. The results show that the optimal positioning of steel plates and insert its plates in the lower link beam and the beam out of the links cause improve the shear performance of the bracing system in the development plastic hinges And increased shear strength and ductility of the bracing model. Finally, the energy absorption by the models has a significant performance in comparison with the current model. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
171 - Study on Behavior of Infilled Composite Steel Frame under Lateral Loading
Hasan PoorMohammad seyedali tabatabayiAbstract In previous earthquakes, the effect of infill in the structures has shown the importance of modeling and evaluating their influences in analyzing and designing the structures. Different modeling methods have been presented up to now in this field. In this rese MoreAbstract In previous earthquakes, the effect of infill in the structures has shown the importance of modeling and evaluating their influences in analyzing and designing the structures. Different modeling methods have been presented up to now in this field. In this research, the effect of infill with various number of stories is investigated by pushover method. The results of this research reveal that the expected behavior of the structures with and without infill differs significantly. Also with increasing the number of stories, values of initial stiffness, periods, shear values and drift in buildings with infill vary basically in comparison with building without infill. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
172 - Investigating the effects of using a rocking motion system on the bending seismic Behavior of special steel frames
Ali Parvari S.Behnam BeheshtiToday, the need to design and implement structures with less vulnerability and damage, and easier repair after an earthquake is essential. Traditional seismically resistant lateral systems can cause serious damage to the structural system and the relative displacements MoreToday, the need to design and implement structures with less vulnerability and damage, and easier repair after an earthquake is essential. Traditional seismically resistant lateral systems can cause serious damage to the structural system and the relative displacements remaining in the structure make it very difficult and uneconomical to repair the structure after an earthquake. The utilize of rocking motion in the structure causes the destruction of destructive seismic effects including energy dissipation and improves the seismic behaviour. In this research, in order to investigate the effects of the rocking motion system on the seismic response of short and tall regular steel buildings, a five- and ten-story steel frames with special moment frame lateral bearing system according to the fourth edition of Standard 2800 and the latest editions of the sixth and tenth national building regulations are designed by Perform3D software. Seven earthquake records were selected and then these records were based on ASCE regulations scaled according to the spectrum of the 2800. By using nonlinear time history analysis, the seismic response of the studied building has been investigated in conditions with and without using a rocking motion system. The results of studies such as base shear, Relative displacement of floors, energy dissipation and lateral and vertical accelerations of the roof indicate that the use of rocking motion system in short and tall steel buildings can significantly improve the seismic response of the structure. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
173 - Nonlinear analysis of irregular-curved steel shear walls under dynamic loads
Farhad Jireh Ziaaddin Zamanzadeh Majid isazadehfarSteel shear walls have been utilized as lateral load-bearing systems in structures since 1970. The basic idea of this system is to use the diagonal tensile field in which a steel sheet is created after buckling. A comprehensive research on irregularly patterned corrug MoreSteel shear walls have been utilized as lateral load-bearing systems in structures since 1970. The basic idea of this system is to use the diagonal tensile field in which a steel sheet is created after buckling. A comprehensive research on irregularly patterned corrugated shear walls has not been performed so far. In this research, the study of this type of walls and also comparing their performance with flat and corrugated walls with a regular pattern is desired. The comprehensive studies have not been conducted to provide a more irregular and resistant pattern that can improve the seismic properties of regular patterns. This research aimed to present a new model of steel shear wall with irregular wave pattern that can present more buckling resistance than walls with regular wave and also has better performance in lateral control of the structure with ductility and better energy dissipation. For this purpose, the modeling results of finite element software using ABAQUS were compared with a valid laboratory results to verify its accuracy. There was an adequate convergence between the results, which indicates the correctness of the modeling. Then the models were created and dynamic analysis of time history in this software was performed on the models. Analysis of the models indicated that irregular waves can also behave well. In general, it was not possible to comment on the displacement, but there was a certainty about the base cut that the irregularity reduced the base cut to some extent, but still it was not possible to choose a suitable pattern for the irregularity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
174 - Sensitivity based Reliability Analysis of Steel Moment-Resisting Frame Structures under the Impact of the Heavy Vehicle Collision
Abbasali Sadeghi Hamid kazemi Maysam SamadiOver recent decades, regarding the spread of unusual events such as fires, explosions, and vehicle collisions, the study of the behavior of structures subjected to abnormal loadings has been taken into account by the researchers and structural engineers. In this study, MoreOver recent decades, regarding the spread of unusual events such as fires, explosions, and vehicle collisions, the study of the behavior of structures subjected to abnormal loadings has been taken into account by the researchers and structural engineers. In this study, 2 and 5-story steel moment-resisting frame structures have been considered under the heavy vehicle collision impact. They are modeled in OpenSees software two-dimensionally with regarding to uncertainty in materials and applied loads and the sensitivity based reliability analysis of the studied random parameters is performed in Matlab software. Then, the effect of each of the variables is investigated using simulation-based methods according to limit state functions based on the maximum permitted beam rotation of damaged bay of frames. The results of this study presented that the random variables such as mass and velocity of vehicle and yield strength of material were the most influential parameters in calculating the failure probability in representative structures. Also, the control variates-based subset simulation (CSS) method compared to Monte Carlo Simulation (MCS) approach estimated the failure probability with permissible error rate, less sample number and the minimum computer processing time duration. Furthermore, the results of this research indicated that by increasing the number of stories of the building, the probability of its failure due to vehicle collision increased. According to the results of this study, the value of beam rotation of damaged bay parameter of the 5-story frame compared to 2-story one has increased by 55, 18 and 33% under the LSF1, LSF2 and LSF3 functions, respectively Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
175 - Investigation of flexural strength of ultra-high performance concrete reinforced with steel fibers using multiscale finite element model
Amir ebrahim akbari bagal Ahmad maleki ramin vafaeipoorThe main purpose of this study is to develop a finite element model to study the effect of steel-shaped fibers on the flexural strength of ultra-high performance fiber concrete. For this purpose, in order to numerically simulate, a multi-scale finite element model was d MoreThe main purpose of this study is to develop a finite element model to study the effect of steel-shaped fibers on the flexural strength of ultra-high performance fiber concrete. For this purpose, in order to numerically simulate, a multi-scale finite element model was developed in which concrete was modeled as a homogeneous and uniform material and steel fibers were randomly distributed inside it. In order to make more realistic assumptions, the area of adhesion between the fibers and the concrete is also considered. After validating the results of finite element model with the results of experimental tests, the effect of parameters such as volume fraction and adhesion of steel fibers on the strength characteristics of flexural strength of ultra-high performance concrete reinforced with fibers has been studied numerically. The results indicate that the effect of using fibers on the amount of energy absorption by fiber reinforced concrete is much greater than its effect on other characteristics of this type of concrete and especially the use of fibers in low fiber volumes has a very significant effect on energy absorption so that for 0.5% of the volume fraction of steel fibers, an increase of about 17 times compared to the sample of super-reinforced concrete without fibers can be resulted Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
176 - Investigation of the effective factors for eliminating the defect in the CFT columns with an asymmetric L-shaped columns by the finite element Analysis
seyed ali mousavi davoudi morteza naghipourThe use of CFT-filled steel columns is increasing worldwide due to the proper co-operation of concrete and steel, with more concrete steel columns being implemented in circular shapes, which is due to the fact that the core concrete is more enclosed with the circular cr MoreThe use of CFT-filled steel columns is increasing worldwide due to the proper co-operation of concrete and steel, with more concrete steel columns being implemented in circular shapes, which is due to the fact that the core concrete is more enclosed with the circular cross-sections, but sometimes it is impossible to use symmetrical cross sections and other forms such as L-shaped crosses are used, which create less confinement for the core because of their asymmetry. This issue decreases the bearing capacity on these columns formed by an asymmetric L-section. The aim of this study was to study the asymmetric L-shaped cross-section of steel-filled concrete columns in order to provide the reduction of confinement due to effective parameters such as height, steel cross-section thickness and compressive stress. In this investigation, steel wall thickness, height, and compressive strength of concrete on the effect of securing core concrete confinement in L-shaped sections under finite element analysis were observed that the effect of steel wall thickness (t) in L-shaped cross-sections is one of the most effective parameters to remove the confinement defect that the impact of this effect is, on average, about 18.31% more higher than the parameters of height and compressive strength of concrete. Finally, it was concluded that the asymmetric L-shaped sections would be more confined by changing the thickness of the steel wall compared to the concrete compressive strength and height parameter. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
177 - Estimation of Response Modification Factor of Precast Concrete Frames with Semi Rigid Connections strengthened with X-Steel Bracing
Babak Behforouz Mohammadhasan Meisami zahrasadat mousaviAs the population grows, the importance of creating more buildings in the short term and at low cost, such as prefabricated structures, becomes more apparent. For this purpose, in this research using SAP 2000-14 software, three kinds of 2, 4 and 6-story RC frames were d MoreAs the population grows, the importance of creating more buildings in the short term and at low cost, such as prefabricated structures, becomes more apparent. For this purpose, in this research using SAP 2000-14 software, three kinds of 2, 4 and 6-story RC frames were designed by considering connection rigidity. Three types of connection rigidity including pinned, semi-rigid and rigid precast RC connections were applied to estimate response modification factor (R) of designed frames. It is worth mentioning that each of the frames has five bays and the length of each of the bays is 5 meters with the exception of median bay that is 4 meters strengthened with X-steel bracing. Then the nonlinear static analysis was applied to evaluate the effect of frame’s height and connection rigidity on response modification factor of designed frames. The results presented that with increasing the rigidity and frame’s height R factor is increased. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
178 - The study of mechanical behavior of composite steel columns filled with concrete with cross-section (T) shape under numerical sensitivity analysis of finite element under axial load
seyed ali mousavi davoudi morteza naghipourConcrete Filled Tube (CFT) steel columns have become increasingly popular in recent years due to their many advantages in industrial and high-rise buildings, bridges, piers and piles. These columns often run in circular shapes. The main reason for this is that circular MoreConcrete Filled Tube (CFT) steel columns have become increasingly popular in recent years due to their many advantages in industrial and high-rise buildings, bridges, piers and piles. These columns often run in circular shapes. The main reason for this is that circular sections create more confinement than other sections in core concrete. This caused the circular sections to be used more frequently in the CFT columns than other sections. But sometimes it will be impossible to use circular sections and will have to use special forms, such as square and mesial sections, and L and T-shaped sections in some parts of the building. Due to the importance of this issue in this paper, we tried to introduce and investigate the mechanical behavior of CFT columns with T-shaped geometrical cross section and to investigate the parametric effect of steel wall thickness, and concrete compressive stress, on the mechanical capacity and behavior of these columns. Finally, after conducting the research, it was found that in CFT columns with T-geometrical cross section, between the effect of steel wall thickness and the type of concrete, the steel wall thickness parameter is the most influential parameter on the bearing capacity of the CFT columns, and also between the steel wall thickness parameter and the cross section height, Influence of elevation changes on ductility, hardness, and bearing capacity of the cross section It is greater than the thickness of the steel wall. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
179 - Comparison of Progressive Collapse in Moment Connections with Low-strength Steel
ahmad karimian arastoo armaghani Alaeddin BehraveshThe performance of beam – column connection of common steel moment frames has been evaluated in a seismic discuss and progressive collapse alone. After the Northridge and Kobe earthquake, researchers found that the connections were weak. This is while the co MoreThe performance of beam – column connection of common steel moment frames has been evaluated in a seismic discuss and progressive collapse alone. After the Northridge and Kobe earthquake, researchers found that the connections were weak. This is while the connections have a huge impact on the process of energy depletion of structure and structure behavior against unusual loads; Because if the panel zone is weak, even in the case of performing a rigid connection with resistance of more than beam which causes failure in the connection area, it causes a large deflection and resulting in a brittle fracture of connection. In this regard, in the current study, the performance Two common types of WFP bending (welded flange plate connection) and WUF-W (welded unreinforced flange-welded web connection) against a progressive coolapse phenomenon have been investigated by changing the type of steel used in plate for this purpose. The purpose of these two types of connection is once with St 37 and once with a steel alloy steel LY160, in a frame 8 steel story with different scenarios, Column removal (without remove the column, removing the column of the ground floor, third and seventh) was simulated in ABAQUS software. The results show that the DCR (criterion which is the Demand Capacity Ratio and it is also called the demand factor) value in the WUF-W connection is much lower by replacing the alloy steel. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
180 - Study of Thermal Behavior of Steel Beams with khorjini Connection on the Effect of Temperature and Exposure Time of Fire
abas sargholi Seyyed Abdulnabi Razavi Masoud Abedini Frames with a Khorjini connections is one of the most commonly used structural systems in Iran. In these frames, the beams are placed on the sides of the pillar and each beams are placed on a lower corridor. The columns are double-skinned More Frames with a Khorjini connections is one of the most commonly used structural systems in Iran. In these frames, the beams are placed on the sides of the pillar and each beams are placed on a lower corridor. The columns are double-skinned and have a relatively long sheet at the Khorjini, so that the lower and upper corners are in place. What makes this type of connection a lot of use is the high speed and ease of execution of sophisticated frames. Several studies have shown that when exposed to the structure, the exposed fire will change its resistance. The purpose of this study is to investigate the behavior of steel beams with Khorjini connections at different temperatures and times. First, after the library studies, the laboratory test was verified by Abacus software. The results of the numerical investigation were compared with the results of the experimental study in the paper, and the results of this comparison showed that the matching of the experimental results and the results of the numerical study with a percentage difference of less than 10 Percentage. In order to develop a numerical model, 17 different models were investigated with temperature variations and exposure time of exposed beams. The results of this study showed that increasing the temperature of the heat in the Khorjini connection reduces the resistance, increases the amount of failure and deformation in the joint area. Other results of the study showed that as the Khorjini connections are exposed to more fire, the resistance will be reduced, the failure rate will increase and the structural deformation will be higher. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
181 - Investigating the Effect of Galvanized Steel Rebars on Preventing Steel Corrosion in Reinforced Concrete
mohammadreza hesabi abdolkarim abbasi dezfouliCorrosion of steel in concrete is one of the most important factors in the destruction and destruction of concrete structures around the world. Even in advanced countries, this is a year-long issue that will cost a lot of maintenance and maintenance of concrete structur MoreCorrosion of steel in concrete is one of the most important factors in the destruction and destruction of concrete structures around the world. Even in advanced countries, this is a year-long issue that will cost a lot of maintenance and maintenance of concrete structures that are sensitive and insensitive to national and national resources. These damage are more severe in the Gulf countries, and many concrete structures have been corroded and damaged. Studies show that the main corrosion agent of reinforced concrete structures is corrosion of steel joints. Therefore, all corners of buildings and structures in corrosive areas should be adequately protected against corrosion. Separating the rebar from the environment and insulating it in terms of contact with corrosive agents is one of the solutions to prevent corrosion and durability of reinforced concrete. Different methods have been proposed for this purpose. In this study, it has been shown that the use of Galvanized reinforcement prevents the corrosion of reinforced concrete meshes effectively and, as a result, reinforced concrete will have a much higher resistance to corrosive environmental factors, such as chloride and sulfate attack. Also, economically, the results show that the cost of using galvanized rebars in sensitive industrial structures, such as oil tanks, is about 6 percent of the total cost, and in conventional buildings, between 1 and 2 percent of the total cost, which is also cost-effective in this regard. Therefore, the use of galvanized bars as a main and effective tool for protecting steel corrosion can be considered by the construction industry. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
182 - Reviewing Optimal Percent of Steel Fibers and their Effects on Lightweight Concrete Durability
Ali Ghods sanaz chahkandi Homayon navayiAbstract In recent years, many researches are focused on optimizing the production of a kind of concrete with high strength and efficiency, and different methods including using fiber technology in concrete construction are proposed to achieve this goal. Fibers are one MoreAbstract In recent years, many researches are focused on optimizing the production of a kind of concrete with high strength and efficiency, and different methods including using fiber technology in concrete construction are proposed to achieve this goal. Fibers are one of the materials that nowadays are added to concrete as reinforcement material. Considering the low weight and good resistance of this material and using a good percent of these materials in lightweight concrete can result in smaller segments with greater resistance. In this paper, we try to study and evaluate the effects of steel fibers on the strength and also the amount of fibers in lightweight concrete. One of the strength experiments is wetting and drying which is used in this study. Also by reviewing dynamic properties of lightweight concrete made with pumice + leca and taftan and comparing with lightweight concrete which is armed with steel fiber, we can achieve the optimal percent of fiber in concrete. Experimental results are presented in graphs and charts. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
183 - Investigation on the Behavior of Composite Steel Plate Shear Walls with CFT Columns under Blast Load
Hossein Parvini Sani Shahram MohammadiBased on the importance of explosion of the specific structures with composite steel shear wall and concrete-filled steel box columns (CFT), this study investigates the effect of explosion on such a structures. An 8-story steel structure with steel shear wall as a later MoreBased on the importance of explosion of the specific structures with composite steel shear wall and concrete-filled steel box columns (CFT), this study investigates the effect of explosion on such a structures. An 8-story steel structure with steel shear wall as a lateral resisting system and CFT columns was designed, then was modeled under blast loading in the air. This study presents that by addition of two concrete layers to the composite shear wall, with respect to the case with one layer, considering the constant amount and distance of the explosive material TNT from the structure the average out-of-plane displacement of the shear plate is decreased by 63% and also the type of damage has changed from the failure of the shear plate to buckling of the shear plate. As well the stress concentration is transferred from the plate and boundary elements connection to the center of the plate and the absorbed energy has increased by 380%. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
184 - Evaluation and Comparison of Response Modification Factor of the Base-Isolated Steel Moment Frames by Incremental Dynamic Analysis versus Pushover Method
Hamid Reza Sadrarhami Farshid FathiThe Response Modification Factor (R), which represents the non-elastic performance of structures during severe earthquakes is widely utilized in Codes to determine the seismic demand and to design the structures. The closer the calculated value of R is to the reality, t MoreThe Response Modification Factor (R), which represents the non-elastic performance of structures during severe earthquakes is widely utilized in Codes to determine the seismic demand and to design the structures. The closer the calculated value of R is to the reality, the more accurate the determination of the required resistance of the structure will be. The common analytical method for calculating the Response Modification Factor of ordinary buildings is the non-linear static analysis (Pushover) method. But the use of this method for buildings with base-isolation is doubtful. Incremental nonlinear dynamic analysis (IDA) is one of the new methods with wide application, which can be a suitable alternative for calculating the R of buildings with isolated bases. In the present research, the Response Modification Factor of the steel moment frame structure equipped with base isolation has been calculated and compared for 5-, 8-, and 12-steel story models by using two methods: the incremental nonlinear dynamic analysis (IDA) versus the Pushover analysis (conventional method). The results indicate that the incremental nonlinear dynamic analysis method is more accurate than the pushover analysis, due to the direct use of earthquake records, as well as considering all the dynamic characteristics of the structure, especially the dynamic characteristics of its base isolator. So that, the Response Modification Factor obtained from the IDA analysis compared to the pushover analysis, exhibits an increase of 2.8% in the 5-story, 16.61% in the 8-story, and 8.84% in the 12-story structures. The Response Modification Factors obtained from the above-mentioned analyzes have been compared with the values recommended in the FEMA P695 Code. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
185 - Numerical and Experimental Investigation of Multi-Perforated Steel Shear Wall Under Cyclic Loading
Ali sahebjam Hossein shokatiABSTRACT Steel Shear Walls are a lateral resistance system in frames that has attracted many researchers’ attention owing to advantages such as appropriate ductility, high stiffness, significant shear strength and energy absorption. Since MoreABSTRACT Steel Shear Walls are a lateral resistance system in frames that has attracted many researchers’ attention owing to advantages such as appropriate ductility, high stiffness, significant shear strength and energy absorption. Since the early 1980s, when key researches on unstiffened Steel Shear Wall (SPSW) were under considerations, researchers were continously trying to improve the performance and efficiency of this system. One of these efforts was the creation of the opening in infill plate. Studies on perforated-SPSW began in the early 1990s by the experiments of Sabouri and Roberts. Recently a perforated-SPSW which having some circular openings was presented and examined by the researchers of Buffalo University. In addition to a system for passing the utility through the infill plate, this kind of opening is useful when a required thinner plate is not available, so it can be possible to substitute a proper multi-perforated Steel Shear Wall with a solid plate. This paper presents results of a research on the effect of multi openings on the performance of SPSW. Beside the experimental investigation a numerical study was conducted using the well-known ABAQUS finite element program was conduvted. Eventually the results of numerical and experimental studies were compared with the Plastic analysis’ conclusion. Results show a good agreement between experimental and numerical hysteresis and envelop curves. Furthermore, the Plastic analysis reduction factors seem to be conservative. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
186 - The Effect of Non-parallel System Irregularity on Seismic Performance of Braced Steel Frame Buildings
Ali Seyedkazemi Elmira AbbasnezhadA number of buildings have irregular non-parallel systems due to ground conditions and architectural design, which fall into the category of irregularities in the plan. However, the building codes do not specify a limit as the deviation value of the vertical lateral loa MoreA number of buildings have irregular non-parallel systems due to ground conditions and architectural design, which fall into the category of irregularities in the plan. However, the building codes do not specify a limit as the deviation value of the vertical lateral load bearing components from the major orthogonal axes of the building for this type of irregularities. The building frame system with bracing, on the other hand, is one of the most common systems for low- to mid-rise structures. In this research,the effect of non-parallel system irregularity on the seismic performance of steel building frame with special convergent bracing was investigated. Steel structures with 3, 6, and 9 stories were selected in this study, and in addition to the regular structural models, irregularity of non-parallel systems with different angles to the orthogonal axes from 1 to 5 degrees (i.e., 0.5 m to 2 m deviations for span length) were considered. First, the structures were designed according to the Iranian Earthquake Design Code and the Iranian Steel Structure Design Code. In order to evaluate the effect of irregularity on the seismic performance of the studied buildings, nonlinear static and dynamic analyses of time history for selected models were performed using Perform 3D software and the seismic performance indices of the structures were examined. The results indicate that with increasing irregularity; stiffness, strength, ductility and energy dissipation capacity of the structure decreases while the relative inter-story drift increases Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
187 - Effects of Military Vehicles on the Behavior of Soil-Steel Structures
Sirous Kazemy Rouzbeh DabiriMain idea of present research is evaluation of statically behavior of soil-steel structures under military vehicles loading. For this purpose, a soil-steel structure with horseshoe shape profile with maximum span equal to 9.88 meters considered. According to Code No.139 MoreMain idea of present research is evaluation of statically behavior of soil-steel structures under military vehicles loading. For this purpose, a soil-steel structure with horseshoe shape profile with maximum span equal to 9.88 meters considered. According to Code No.139 Tank weight affected on numerical model. Plates dimensions based on CHBDC code were selected. In present study, analyses in three position were performed. These positions are based on variations of earth fill, types of soil-steel structure plates and location of loading. Numerical analysis was carried out by Plaxis program in 2D condition and according to finite element method. Results of this study showed that, in soil with suitable geotechnical properties (i.e. increasing elastic modulus and internal friction angle), stability of soil-steel structure go up and settlement values decreases. Also, types of plate in soil-steel structure can be effective in behavior. So that, plates with high thickness and more flexibility is useful for application in soil-steel structure. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
188 - The effect of Number and Position of Braced Frames on Failure Distribution and Column Behavior of the Dual Steel Structural System (MRF and EBF)
Alireza Faroughi Sajjad Mohammadi Abd-ol-Reza Sarvghad MoghaddamIn the seismic design of structures, determination of the number and position of braced frames, according to the architectural scheme of projects, is usually encountered with obstacles. This has made it difficult in some cases to choose the best location and number of b MoreIn the seismic design of structures, determination of the number and position of braced frames, according to the architectural scheme of projects, is usually encountered with obstacles. This has made it difficult in some cases to choose the best location and number of braced bays and especially in dual frames, has led to differences in the design forces of their adjacent members (columns). One of the seismic design requirements of lateral resisting system is to control the columns adjacent to braced bays for load combinations of intensified seismic load, which is a function of over-strength factor of the structure. This research aims to present and introduce the best structural model regarding the number and position of braced frames in a structural system, such as steel moment resisting frame and eccentric braces dual system. Though the intensified seismic load function is controlled in models which columns are connected to the braces in 2 directions, and seismic loads are applied in those 2 directions, the number of damaged hinges (Exceeding CP) is significantly increased in comparison with the models with straggly braces. Since the increase in axial force of these columns reduces their moment capacity (despite controlling the amplified seismic load provision), columns in dual systems that resist flexure, would be damaged and exceed the collapse threshold much sooner than other columns. Therefore, it is suggested that, like the publication 360, the control of these columns in an amplified earthquake should not be based solely on axial force, but on the interaction of forces. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
189 - Numerical Study of a Reinforced Concrete Frame with Low Yield Point Infill Plates
aman hassanzade rahimabadi yahya nasiraa ali ghamariThe first steel shear walls were mainly utilized in retrofitted form, but steel shear walls are now known to offer reliable performance without stiffeners. With low thickness and yield strength, the plate would buckle under small loads, transitioning from an in-plane sh MoreThe first steel shear walls were mainly utilized in retrofitted form, but steel shear walls are now known to offer reliable performance without stiffeners. With low thickness and yield strength, the plate would buckle under small loads, transitioning from an in-plane shear mechanism to the diagonal tension field. Using ABAQUS, the present study takes a numerical approach and investigates a three-story, single span Reinforced Concrete Frame (RCF) with Low Yield Point (LYP) steel infill plates. A total of 45 models were studied. The yield stress of the shear wall, shear wall thickness, and the span-to-height ratio of the RCF were evaluated for the RCF, and the numerical models were compared in terms of secant stiffness, yield load, maximum load, yield displacement, and dissipated energy. Changing the span-to-height ratio and the thickness and yield strength of the LYP steel plate, increased the secant stiffness by, respectively, 49.39, 45.59, and 59.67%, the ultimate strength by 27.64, 30.88, and 40.73%, and energy dissipation by 32.35, 34.19, and 44.9%. The failure modes in the numerical models of RCFs with LYP steel plate shear walls resulted from local buckling and wrinkling of the steel infill plate. The yield strength of the LYP steel plate was found to control the stiffness, flexural strength, and energy dissipation in the RCF with a steel plate shear wall. Moreover, longitudinal cracks were created in the concrete in columns and beams due to the transfer of momentum by the tension field of the steel infill plates. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
190 - Study of the Behavior of Composite Steel Columns Filled with Short (non-slender) Concrete with (L)-shaped Geometric Cross Section under Numerical Sensitivity Analysis (FEM) with Axial Compression Loading
seyed ali mousavi davoudi morteza naghipourIn recent years, the use of concrete-filled steel sections (CFST) has been widely used for many benefits, including excellent seismic performance, high strength, high flexibility and energy absorption capacity relative to concrete (RC) and steel sections in the construc MoreIn recent years, the use of concrete-filled steel sections (CFST) has been widely used for many benefits, including excellent seismic performance, high strength, high flexibility and energy absorption capacity relative to concrete (RC) and steel sections in the construction industry. These columns are often more commonly used in the form of circles. The main reason for this is the point that circular sections create more enclosure than other sections in the core concrete. This makes the circular sections more widely used in columns (CFST) than in other sections. However, in some cases, the use of circular sections will be impossible, including architectural considerations, the implementation of more economical and easier connections in the quadratic sections than the circular sections, these causes certain shapes, including sections Square and flat sections and sections with L and T shape shapes are used in some parts of the building. considering the importance of this issue in this paper, we tried to introduce and investigate the mechanical behavior of short columns (CFST) with L-shaped geometric section and study the parametric effect of steel wall thickness and compressive stress of concrete on the capacity and mechanical behavior of these columns at the end and after analysis of the study samples, it was determined in the finite element analysis (FEM) that, in columns (CFST), the effect of the thickness of the steel structure was more effective on the capacity and mechanical behavior of the columns (CFST) with the geometric cross section L will be the shape. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
191 - Investigation of the effect of low-strength steel on 6-story moment frame connections against progressive collapse
ahmad karimian arastoo armaghani Alaaddin BehraveshConnections have a significant effect on the energy depletion of the structure and its behavior against unusual loads, which often lead to the phenomenon of progressive deterioration. Therefore, the effect of changing the mechanical and geometric characteristics o MoreConnections have a significant effect on the energy depletion of the structure and its behavior against unusual loads, which often lead to the phenomenon of progressive deterioration. Therefore, the effect of changing the mechanical and geometric characteristics on the connections in steel moment frames against progressive failure has been studied in this research. In this regard, the variable parameters include the type of beam-to-column connection (reduced beam section connection or RBS, free flange connection FF), the type of steel used at the beam-to-column connection (St37 and Steel LY 160) and the column removal location in different stories (without removing and removing of the columns on the ground, second and fourth stories). Research on a six-story steel frame is performed using ABAQUS finite element software and alternative loads path method. Validation of the finite element method was performed using numerical simulation of a steel frame and a suitable fit was observed. The most important results present that in the frames where low-yielding steel is used at the connection point, the best performance in terms of demand-to-capacity ratio (DCR) of the beams around the removal location belongs to the Free Flange connection frames. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
192 - Investigation of the Role of Steel Plate Shear Wall in the Possibility of Progressive Collapse Occurrence in Steel Moment Frames
Kourosh Mehdizadeh Seyede Vahide Hashemi Abbasali SadeghiProgressive collapse is a phenomenon that begins with initial local damage, due to unusual loading or design and construction errors, and leads to collapse of a large part or the entire structure. Of course, the progressive collapse phenomenon will rarely occur during t MoreProgressive collapse is a phenomenon that begins with initial local damage, due to unusual loading or design and construction errors, and leads to collapse of a large part or the entire structure. Of course, the progressive collapse phenomenon will rarely occur during the useful lifetime of the structure. However, this issue can cause a lot of financial and life damage, thus it has become a major challenge in structural engineering. In this study, the structural models were steel plate shear wall with different configuration and moment frame systems with 5, 10 and 15 stories, which were designed in SAP2000 V.19 software two dimensionally according to code regulations and then the nonlinear dynamic analysis was performed in finite element ABAQUS software. The Alternate Path Method (APM) is used according to UFC4-023-03 guideline in this study, which is the most economical and rational method. Considering the displacement and rotation values of the members due to the column removal and the frame ductility, and failure damage indices, the most important results indicate that the probability of occurrence of progressive collapse due to the corner column removal of the 5-story moment frame is more critical than other frames and also, a proper and similar performance was observed due to the corner column removal in steel plate shear walls with the configurations examined Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
193 - Investigation of rheological and mechanical properties of two-component and three-component mortars containing microsilica and slag
Seyed Fathollah Sajedi wilbert karamianWith the use of pozzolans and additives, today, a huge change has been made in mortar technology to achieve high strength and durability. The purpose of this study is to make two-component and three- component mortars and compare their rheological and mechanical propert MoreWith the use of pozzolans and additives, today, a huge change has been made in mortar technology to achieve high strength and durability. The purpose of this study is to make two-component and three- component mortars and compare their rheological and mechanical properties. In this research, compressive, flexural and tensile strength tests were performed on reference mortar, two-component mortars as well as three-component mortars. Slag utilized in making of research mortars was produced in Ahvaz Steel plant. Compressive strength tests were conducted at 7, 28, 56 and 91 days and flexural and tensile strength tests were performed at 28 and 91 days. In the mentioned resistance tests, cubic specimens with dimensions of 50 mm, prismatic specimens with dimensions of 160 × 40 × 40 mm and standard bow-tie specimens were applied, respectively. The results presented that the replacement of microsilica up to 10% by weight of cement increased the compressive, flexural and tensile strengths of two-component mortars, which were significant at all ages compared to the sample without microsilica. With increasing cement substitute microsilica up to 15%, changes in compressive, flexural and tensile strengths follow an inverse nonlinear behavior. Optimal microsilica and slag replacement percentages of 5% and 10%, respectively, increased the three strengths in the three-component mortars, which are significant at all ages compared to the reference sample. With increasing the percentage of replaced microsilica, the flowability of the mortars decreased and with increasing the percentage of slag, the flow increased. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
194 - Investigating of Spectral Dynamic Analysis and Equivalent Static Analysis in Optimal Design of Steel Frames using Genetic Algorithm
Mohammadreza Baradaran Morteza MadhkhanGenetic algorithm (GA) is one of the meta-heuristic optimization algorithms. In this paper, the effects of spectral dynamic and equivalent static analysis methods on the calculated optimum weight of the frame are investigated by the means of GA. In the equivalent static MoreGenetic algorithm (GA) is one of the meta-heuristic optimization algorithms. In this paper, the effects of spectral dynamic and equivalent static analysis methods on the calculated optimum weight of the frame are investigated by the means of GA. In the equivalent static analysis, the applied lateral load and design constraints are considered according to ASCE and LRFD-AISC specifications. The internal forces of the frame members are calculated using finite element method. Analysis and optimization of the frame are performed using a program written in MATLAB programming language. Three types of selection including stochastic selection, tournament selection, and ranking selection as well as three different types of crossover, single point, two-point, and continuous crossover are utilized in this study. Moreover, a comparison between equivalent static analysis and spectral dynamic analysis is presented. The results indicate that the difference between the optimum weight of the structure analyzed by spectral dynamic and equivalent static methods increases as the applied load is increased Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
195 - Investigation of the Factors affecting the Ductility of Steel Plate Shear Wall with Corrugated Sheet under Cyclic Loading
Zaman Majidinia Kourosh Mehdizadeh Abbasali Sadeghi Seyede Vahide HashemiNowadays, it is recommended to use non-stiffened steel plate shear wall. One of the innovations that can be applied to the steel plate shear wall is the use of corrugated sheets instead of flat sheets. Therefore, corrugated sheets are utilized to delay the occuranc MoreNowadays, it is recommended to use non-stiffened steel plate shear wall. One of the innovations that can be applied to the steel plate shear wall is the use of corrugated sheets instead of flat sheets. Therefore, corrugated sheets are utilized to delay the occurance of buckling. In this study, regarding to the importance of the subject, to ensure the accuracy of the modeling, a laboratory sample of Choi and Park was selected for verification and after ensuring the accuracy of the results, 8 samples of corrugated sheet steel plate shear wall were modelled by ABAQUS software. In these samples, parameters such as thickness of the steel sheet, the length-to-width ratio of the sheet (a/­b) and change in the geometric characteristics of the perimeterial elements are investigated. Numerical results presented that the stability of the hysteresis curve cycles in the specimen with a plate thickness of 8 mm was not constant, as observed in the final loading steps, loss of resistance and local buckling in the loading cycles. Numerically, it can be said that the sample with a sheet thickness of 8 mm has the highest bearing capacity compared to the samples with a sheet thickness of 4 and 6 mm. The effect of boundary elements on the performance of the specimens was negligible. Finally, it was revealed that with increasing the length of the sheet relative to its height, the amount of plasticity has significantly increased. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
196 - The investigation of the effects of using rocking systems on the seismic retrofit of high-rise steel building
Ali Parvari rohallah hasanvand saman mansouriIn this paper, a 15-story steel building was designed based on Iranian code No.2800 in order to study the effects of rocking systems on the seismic response of high-rise steel buildings. The selected accelerograms were related to the Chi Chi, Landers, Loma Prieta, North MoreIn this paper, a 15-story steel building was designed based on Iranian code No.2800 in order to study the effects of rocking systems on the seismic response of high-rise steel buildings. The selected accelerograms were related to the Chi Chi, Landers, Loma Prieta, Northridge, Parkfield, San Fernando and Tabas earthquakes which were selected and scaled according to Iranian Standard No. 2800. These accelerograms were related to the stations which were registered at the distance of 20 to 60 kilometers from the fault and did not have the near-fault earthquakes characteristics such as forward directivity and fling step and etc. Furthermore, the magnitude of all the selected earthquakes was between 6.5 and 7.5 Richter. Then, nonlinear time history analysis was used to investigate and compare the seismic response of the studied building in cases with and without using the rocking system. The results of studies (including base shear, drift, displacement of roof, acceleration of roof and etc.) indicated that using rocking system in the high-rise steel buildings could cause significantly reduce the seismic response of high-rise steel buildings. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
197 - Seismic Performance Evaluation of Composite Steel Shear Walls with Emphasis on Thickness of Infill Plate and Concrete Cover
Morteza Rastakhiz Ahmad MalekiSince the application of composite shear wall is increasing rapidly throughout the world, it is necessary to study its behavior. General interest of engineers in using this unique system due to its application and behavior indicates the need for better understanding of MoreSince the application of composite shear wall is increasing rapidly throughout the world, it is necessary to study its behavior. General interest of engineers in using this unique system due to its application and behavior indicates the need for better understanding of this system. In this paper, by modeling composite shear walls and using Abaqus software and its verification, the results have been used for modeling composite shear wall with emphasis on the impact of number and diameter of bolts under cyclic loading. Solid and shell cements are used for modeling concrete and steel elements respectively. The results of the numerical study shows that 3×3 and 3×2.5 configuration with diameter of 22.2 millimeters of bolts are the best sizes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
198 - Comparative evaluation of structural behavior of voided biaxial slab with Steel Deck roofs and RC slabs
Nima Khalili Ahmad MalekiThe columns, beam and roof make up the most important members of a building, each of which plays a role in the stability of the structure. These members can be made of different materials that can vary depending on the conditions and type of use of the structure. One of MoreThe columns, beam and roof make up the most important members of a building, each of which plays a role in the stability of the structure. These members can be made of different materials that can vary depending on the conditions and type of use of the structure. One of these materials is concrete that is mostly armed by an armature. One of the major drawbacks of using reinforced concrete is to increase the weight of the structure, and most of the efforts to optimize the structure have been made in order to stretch the members. In recent years, studies have been carried out to light concrete structures, most of which are related to roof styling, which has led to the provision of ceilings that, in addition to maintaining high resistance, significantly lower dead loads than Traditional roofs. Reducing the dead load of the roof has significant benefits to the entire structure, the most important of which is to reduce the earthquake force on the structure, which in turn reduces the sections and reduces the dead load of the structure. One of the roof systems is double-sided hollow ceilings or double-sided bubble slabs. To verify the accuracy of the numerical results, the laboratory test was verified and after checking the results, a numerical sample was considered. In this study, a 12-sample numerical model with Abaqus software was compared to compare the Cobiax roofs with steel deck roofs and concrete slabs. The results obtained in this way is no reduction in the number of spheres is about 1.12 percent more cargo capacity. The importance of this value compared to weight loss roof with a 30% reduction in the number of spheres is negligible and can use the sample with a reduced amount of 30% of the balls due to the reduced weight of the structures and effects of the structural elements justify. Also, on average, in all specimens, the specimens after the elastic region and the beginning of cracking, the stiffener of the concrete decreased, and with the increase in displacement, the bearing capacity was almost constant. In the end, the Cobiax roofs, without reducing the number of balloons, have a higher load capacity and hardness than the other two models, with the increase in force, the area under the charts of this model has increased and depreciation is more energy than other specimens. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
199 - Numerical investigation of the new steel connection using short stub column
mehrdad taheripour Farzad Hatami Reza RaoufiThere is little evidence of the formation of plastic zones in damagd structures in diffrent types of earthquakes. Most of the conducted studies have focused on creating a plastic hinge in a part of the beam making irreparable damage to the beam. If the plastic joi MoreThere is little evidence of the formation of plastic zones in damagd structures in diffrent types of earthquakes. Most of the conducted studies have focused on creating a plastic hinge in a part of the beam making irreparable damage to the beam. If the plastic joint in the beam does not occur, a force will be created which is more than the plastic moment of the beam and will be transferred to the connection and finally to the column. This will either cause the brittle failure of the connection or damage to the panel zone of the column. Therefore, in this research, four connections with new geometry have been proposed aimed at reducing damage in beams and columns and creating the possibility of replacing damaged parts. In general, the presented connections are suggested by replacement of an H or I-shaped cross section along with or replacing of an end-plate, as a short stub column. In this reserch, first, a finite element model of the end-plate connection, which is a combination of welding and screwing subjected to cyclic loading was selected. Then, after the validation of Abaqus software, a study was carried out on the proposed connections. The results indicate that the stub region, with its nonlinear behavior, creates a controlled limited joint with extraordinary ductility. Yielding in the stub causes its fusion behavior and prevents damage to beams and columns. It also significantly reduces the plastic stress and strain in the panel zone of the column. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
200 - Seismic behavior of buckling-restrained braced steel frames (BRBF) with reduced beam section (RBS) connections
mehdi kouhdaragh behnsm abdolagnezhadIn areas with high seismicity, structures need a resistant and load-bearing system against lateral forces caused by earthquakes. In addition to high stiffness and resistance to displacement caused by earthquakes, these systems must have good ductility and energy dissipa MoreIn areas with high seismicity, structures need a resistant and load-bearing system against lateral forces caused by earthquakes. In addition to high stiffness and resistance to displacement caused by earthquakes, these systems must have good ductility and energy dissipation ability. Therefore, apply of the buckling-resistant braces (BRB) with reduced beam section (RBS) connections is recommended instead of the previous conventional braces. In this research, the cyclic behavior of the recommended system is investigated. The finite element method and ABAQUS software have been utilized for modeling and study of the numerical models. The investigated parameters include stress contour, cyclic response (force-displacement), stress in column, and beam. The results of numerical models indicate that by creating RBS with a length of 0.85d to a shear radius of 0.25bf compared to the 0.2bf mode, the amount of stress in the beam increases by about 24%. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
201 - Investigating the behavior of steel slit dampers in concrete structures
Seyed Majid Alavinia Leila Hosseinzadeh Ali Ghamari Abbas AkbarpourIran is considered as one of the most seismically active regions in the world. Therefore, the need for seismic strengthening of the existing structures is essential. One of the suitable methods in seismic reinforcement of buildings is the u MoreIran is considered as one of the most seismically active regions in the world. Therefore, the need for seismic strengthening of the existing structures is essential. One of the suitable methods in seismic reinforcement of buildings is the use of dampers. Dampers are components, which are mostly utilized to increase damping and deplete seismic energy. Numerous studies have indicated that dampers can reduce seismic displacement. In this way, the performance of most of the load-bearing members of the structure remains in the elastic range. In this research, the effect of using slit steel dampers (SSD) on concrete structures was evaluated. Therefore, four models of SSD were selected as following: 3 single slit, 3 double slit, 5 single slit and 5 double slit in three thickness of 6, 8 and 10 mm, which were placed in a concrete frame with a single diagonal brace at the connection of the brace to the column beam. The effects of increasing the number of slits from 3 to 5, from single to double and increasing the thickness were studied. The results exhibited that by increasing the thickness of dampers, the area of force-displacement diagram, stiffness and strength were increased in frames. The frames, which are consisted of double 3-slit dampers presented better performance than 5-slit dampers. So that, the reduction of rigidity of frame with single 5-slit dampers in a thickness of 10 mm, was 4.9% in comparison with double samples. In addition, it is decreased in stiffness by 2.9% and 7.3% for single and double models, respectively Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
202 - Evaluation of the Simultaneous Application of Vertical and Horizontal Mass Isolation Techniques in the Moment Steel Frame Structures
Noosheen Ghorbani Farshid FathiIn the recent decades, many efforts have been made to reduce the damages caused by strong earthquakes to the structural and non-structural systems of buildings utilizing various methods of seismic control of structures (active and passive). One of the most common passiv MoreIn the recent decades, many efforts have been made to reduce the damages caused by strong earthquakes to the structural and non-structural systems of buildings utilizing various methods of seismic control of structures (active and passive). One of the most common passive seismic control systems is the horizontal isolation of buildings at their base level or base isolation. Another type of seismic isolation system, which is called vertical mass isolation and has been proposed in recent years, tries to separate the stiffness system and mass sub-system of the structures in some way. In this research, the more efficient Simultaneous application of the horizontal base isolation together with the vertical mass isolation techniques, along with the use of a damping devices (such as viscous dampers), to improve the seismic performance of moment steel frame structures, has been investigated. For this purpose, the performance of the proposed hybrid system was evaluated by performing nonlinear time history dynamic analysis under the horizontal component of earthquake acceleration records. The results of the analysis obviously presented significant reductions in the maximum seismic responses of the studied structures especially for displacements, drifts and base shears compared to those responses of the other types of conventional structural systems with similar characteristics Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
203 - Experimental and numerical evaluation of rheological and mechanical properties of self-compacting concretes containing steel fibers and PET using response surface method (RSM)
hamed basser Taleb Moradi Shaghaghi hasan afshin saleh ahari saeed mirrezaeiIn the modern characteristics of concrete design based on daily needs, the use of recycled materials is an important and basic principle. Therefore, in the present study, PET (Polyethylene Terephthalate) has been substituted for fine aggregates in self-compacting concre MoreIn the modern characteristics of concrete design based on daily needs, the use of recycled materials is an important and basic principle. Therefore, in the present study, PET (Polyethylene Terephthalate) has been substituted for fine aggregates in self-compacting concrete. The aim of this study is to produce and optimize the mechanical and rheological properties of environmentally friendly self-compacting concretes. Input variables in the mixtures include (PET) as a substitute for a percentage of fine aggregates, steel fibers, powder stone as a substitute for a percentage of cement weight, and lubricant as a percentage of powder material weight. The studied responses are slump flow, L-box ratio (H2 / H1), compressive and tensile strengths. Mixing schemes were designed and studied using the Central Composite Design (CCD) method, which is one of the RSM (Response Surface Methodology) methods. The results demonstrated that with increasing PET, the rheological and mechanical properties of the mixtures decreased while the fibers effectively improved the reduction of strengths. Applying mathematical models provided by ANOVA, multi-objective optimizations were performed to maximize compressive strength by the RSM method and an optimal mixing scheme based on experimental results was proposed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
204 - A study on the flexural behavior of fiber-reinforced concrete beams subjected to tensile steel corrosion
iman sadrinejadThis paper presents the results of an experimental study on the flexural performance of reinforced concrete beams made of fibrous concrete under the corrosion of tensile steels. Fifteen reinforced concrete beams were prepared in three groups; in two groups, two types of MoreThis paper presents the results of an experimental study on the flexural performance of reinforced concrete beams made of fibrous concrete under the corrosion of tensile steels. Fifteen reinforced concrete beams were prepared in three groups; in two groups, two types of steel and polyolefin fibers were utilized to construct the beams. Four beams from each group were subjected to accelerated corrosion to create corrosion percentages of 3.5, 7, 15 and 30% in tensile steels. Then the beams were subjected to a four-point bending test, and the parameters of yield strength, ultimate strength, yield deflection, ultimate deflection, failure mode and ductility of the beams were investigated. The results indicated that up to the corrosion level of 15%, with the development of general corrosion, along with the reduction of stiffness and resistance of the beams, the ultimate deflection of the beams increased, and at the corrosion level of 30%, with the development of local corrosion, the ultimate strength and ultimate deflection of the beams were greatly reduced. The level of corrosion in tensile steel of beams containing steel fibers was lower than that of in the other beams, which was caused by the sacrificial anode effect of steel fibers. Under the corrosion conditions of tensile steel, the reduction of strength and stiffness in fibrous concrete beams were less than those in the plain concrete beams, and the performance of steel fibers in this field was significantly better than their polyolefin counterparts. Furthermore, the fibers used for this purpose, had significantly positive effect on the ductility of reinforced concrete beams with tensile steel corrosion. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
205 - None-platinum electrode catalysts and membranes for highly efficient and inexpensive H2 production in microbial electrolysis cells (MECs): A review
Abudukeremu Kadier Washington Logroño Pankaj Kumar Rai Mohd Sahaid Kalil Azah Mohamed Hassimi Abu Hasan Aidil Abdul Hamid -
Open Access Article
206 - Supply Chain Risk Assessment of Steel Industry Using Hybrid Type Fuzzy TOPSIS Approach and Fuzzy Hierarchical Analysis
Sayed Muhammad Reza Parpinchi Amir Najafi Nabiallah Mohammadi -
Open Access Article
207 - Multi-objective optimization in WEDM of D3 tool steel using integrated approach of Taguchi method & Grey relational analysis
Anand S. Shivade Vasudev D. Shinde -
Open Access Article
208 - Experimental investigation of Carbon, Glass and Steel fibers effect on failure strength and slump of standard concrete samples
Sohrab hosseini kheirabad Ehsan Kazeminezhad Soroush Safakhah -
Open Access Article
209 - Study of Scale Effect on Seismic Performance of Steel Plate Shear Wall under Cyclic Loading
abbas akbarpour mohammad memar eftekhari Mehrzad Tahamoli Roudsari -
Open Access Article
210 - Numerical study of the progressive failure of high-rise steel construction with composite roof system under blast load effect
Alireza FaroughiProgressive failure means, failure or total destruction or part of the structure due to the lack of the ability of a part of the structure which to be damaged and not able to distribute overload for the stability and continuity of the structure. Different improvement me MoreProgressive failure means, failure or total destruction or part of the structure due to the lack of the ability of a part of the structure which to be damaged and not able to distribute overload for the stability and continuity of the structure. Different improvement methods are accessible to reach buildings where are vulnerable to events in relation to progressive failure. These procedures are designed to provide the property and health of human life. By adopting the optimum improvement manner, taking into account the economic and technical considerations, it can be reduced the value of financial and life loss caused by the progressive failure. In this study, explosion modeling was performed by the CONWEP program (Conventional Weapons Effects Program) in ABAQUS / CAE software. CONWEP is a loading model based on experimental results, in the ABAQUS software environment. The which is very important, is the involvement of the side openings of the ninth column which is done under the conditions of the removal of the eighth floor column and in the post-blast operating conditions reduces the efforts of the ninth-grade deck girders with tensile performance. Considering that the brackets are in design condition for the maximum operating and ultimate traction modes there is always some overcapacity to the design controller mode, which is mainly pressure, therefore, these added capacities are used under abnormally explosive conditions and eliminate the short- and long-term effects of column removal. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
211 - Seismic Assessment And Strengthening Of An Existing Steel Bridge In Portugal
Catarina Fernandes Humberto Varum -
Open Access Article
212 - Ductility-based Seismic Design Of Steel Plate Shear Walls: Practical Application Using Standard Sections
Mayank K. Gupta Swapnil B. Kharmale Siddhartha Ghosh -
Open Access Article
213 - Seismic Upgrading of Non-ductile Steel Frames using Steel Plate Shear Walls
Vishal Bhatia Siddhartha Ghosh -
Open Access Article
214 - Stability Analysis Of 3-d Conventional Pallet Rack Structures With Semi-rigid Connections
Kamal M. Bajoria Keshav K. Sangle Rajshekar S. Talicotti -
Open Access Article
215 - Ranking the financial performance of Tuka Foolad companies based on organizational DNA behavior using the ELECTRE technique
Alireza Shirvani sara etemadi Zahra Alipour DarvishIn recent years, many efforts have been made to guide investors in the field of rail transportation. Comparing the performance of Toka Steel companies using financial accounting indicators shows that the companies are not ranked higher in all indicators. Financial indic MoreIn recent years, many efforts have been made to guide investors in the field of rail transportation. Comparing the performance of Toka Steel companies using financial accounting indicators shows that the companies are not ranked higher in all indicators. Financial indicators show an overview of the efficiency of the capital used by these companies.The purpose of this research is to determine the best company in Toka Foulad companies. For this purpose, in a studied period in 1400, index calculations were done using the companies' financial documents. 289 questionnaires were distributed to determine the dominant DNA of the companies. The two indicators of fixed asset turnover and return of investment return rate to assets have the greatest impact on the ranking of companies. The ELECTERI method determined that companies that own locomotives and are engaged in maintenance activities have a higher rating than companies that own wagons. By using organizational DNA behavior and determining dominant DNA (meaningful DNA), the internal performance of top companies was investigated. The final result showed that the efficiency of investment in the discussed companies in the rail transportation system is based on locomotive ownership, repairs and wagon ownership. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
216 - Using of steel slag and waste rusted iron shavings for biosynthesis of nano zero-valent iron nanoparticles with magnetite coating
Saber Moosazadeh shahab shariaty Mohammad Yousefi Sahar Baniyaghoob Hassan KefayatiIn the present study, iron ions were prepared by chemical digestion from waste rusted iron shavings and steel slag. The zero-valent iron nanoparticles (nZVI) were synthesized by reduction of iron ions from steel scrap and steel slag with Camellia sinensis extract (tea) MoreIn the present study, iron ions were prepared by chemical digestion from waste rusted iron shavings and steel slag. The zero-valent iron nanoparticles (nZVI) were synthesized by reduction of iron ions from steel scrap and steel slag with Camellia sinensis extract (tea) and coated by magnetite (Fe3O4). For this purpose, the leaf extract of Camellia sinensis was extracted using microwave waves as an environmentally friendly method and used as a reducing agent for the synthesis of nZVI. Then, the magnetite coating was placed on the zero-valent iron core to create a magnetic property. The properties and morphology of synthetic magnetic nanoparticles were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The specific surface area and magnetic property of the nanoparticles were determined by adsorption and desorption isotherms (BET) and vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM) as 3.59 m2 g-1 and 6.5 emu g-1, respectively. The results confirmed the formation of magnetite on the core of zero-valent iron nanoparticles and the average diameter of synthetic particles was estimated to be about 20 nm. Using waste and slag sources and using plant extract as a reducing agent lead the proposed method to be considered as a green and economical method for synthesizing the core-shell nanostructure of zero-valent iron nanoparticles with magnetite coating. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
217 - Metoclopramide: a new and effective inhibitor for corrosion inhibition of mild steel in 0.5 M phosphoric acid solution
مهدی شهیدی زندی زهرا گلشنی محمدجواد بهرامی سیدمحمدعلی حسینی دار مکاتبات:*عهده97، بهار 1سال دوازدهم، شماره 61JARC مولار 0/5 ای مؤثر و جدید برای جلوگیری از خوردگی فولاد نرم در محلول متوکلوپرامید: بازدارندهفسفریک اسید4و سیدمحمدعلی حسینی3، محمدجواد بهرامی2و*، مهدی شهی More دار مکاتبات:*عهده97، بهار 1سال دوازدهم، شماره 61JARC مولار 0/5 ای مؤثر و جدید برای جلوگیری از خوردگی فولاد نرم در محلول متوکلوپرامید: بازدارندهفسفریک اسید4و سیدمحمدعلی حسینی3، محمدجواد بهرامی2و*، مهدی شهیدی زندی1زهرا گلشنی فیزیک، گروه شیمی، دانشکده علوم، دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان، کرمان، ایران- کارشناس ارشد شیمی1 فیزیک، دانشکده علوم، واحد کرمان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، کرمان، ایران- استادیار شیمی2 فیزیک، گروه علوم، دانشگاه فرهنگیان کرمان، کرمان، ایران- استادیار شیمی3 فیزیک، گروه شیمی، دانشکده علوم، دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان، کرمان، ایران- استاد شیمی41396، پذیرش: آذر 1396، بازنگری: مهر 1396دریافت: فروردین مولار با استفاده از روش های 0/5 در این پژوهش رفتار بازدارندگی قرص متوکلوپرامید بر خوردگی فولاد نرم در محلول فسفریک اسید چکیده: طور کامل بررسی شد. نتایج نشان ) بهSEM) و میکروسکوپی الکترونی روبشی (EIS سنجی رهبندی الکتروشیمیایی (قطبش پتانسیودینامیک، طیف های قطبش شود. اندازه گیری باعث افزایش بازدارندگی و افزایش دما باعث کاهش بازده بازدارندگی می300ppmداد که افزایش بازدارنده تا غلظت کند. نتایج رهبندی الکتروشیمیایی مشخص عنوان بازدارنده آندی عمل میپتانسیودینامیک نشان داد که بازدارنده موردنظر در محلول فسفریک اسید به دست آمده از یابد. نتایج به) کاهش میCdl، مقاومت انتقال بار افزایش و ظرفیت لایه دوگانه (300ppmکرد که با افزودن بازدارنده تا غلظت دماهای جذب نشان دادند که جذب سنجی رهبندی الکتروشیمیایی با یکدیگر همخوانی دارند. مطالعه هم های قطبش پتانسیودینامیک و طیفروش خودی و گرماده بوده و با کاهش کند. فرایند جذب، فرایندی خودبه دمای جذب لانگمویر پیروی میبازدارنده در محلول، بر روی سطح آلیاژ، از هم وری در محلول مذکور حاوی بازدارنده را نشان می دهد های حفاظتی روی سطح آلیاژ پس از غوطه تشکیل لایهSEMآنتروپی همراه است. تصویرهای ها تصدیقی بر عملکرد جذبی بازدارنده است.و این بررسی سنجی رهبندی الکتروشیمیایی، فولاد نرم، متوکلوپرامید بازدارنده خوردگی سبز، قطبش پتانسیودینامیک، طیف های کلیدی:واژهمقدمهخوردگی همیشه دلیل عمده از بین رفتن ماده و انرژی بوده صورت های بسیار زیادی است که بهاست و نتیجه آن صرف هزینه .]1مستقیم و غیرمستقیم توسط صاحبان صنایع پرداخت می شود [ وساز مواد ترین آلیاژها در مهندسی و ساختفولاد یکی از مهم های باری ای از زندگی ما، از کشتیاست. این آلیاژ در هر جنبهتا بهترین چاقوی کالبدشکافی برای عمل جراحی در بیمارستان .]2 گیرد [مورداستفاده قرار می های متداول برای حفاظت فلزات از خوردگی بسته روشبه کیفیت و چگونگی فلز و محیط خورنده به چند دسته کلی meshahidizandi@gmail.com62ZÆ],7ÃZ¼‹,ºÅ{YÁ{μZ‡)JARC(های کاربردی در شیمی نشریه پژوهش ها استفاده ] که یکی از پرکاربردترین آن4 و 3 شوند [تقسیم می ها است. استفاده از بازدارنده یکی از بهترین گزینه های از بازدارندهحفاظت از فلزات و آلیاژها در برابر خوردگی است. بسیاری از های اخیر، بررسی ها ترکیبات آلی هستند. در سالاین بازدارنده ها و ترکیبات دارویی موردتوجه توانایی بازدارندگی خوردگی قرص سیلین، ]. برای مثال، داروهای بنزیل پنی5قرارگرفته است [ سیلین به ترتیب با فرمول مولکولی سیلین و آموکسیآمپیC16H19N3O5S. و C16H18N3NaO4S ،C16H17N2NaO4S های خوردگی مساعد محیطی از عنوان بازدارنده به3H2O ها هستند و در گروه شیمیایی آمینواسیدها بیوتیکمشهورترین آنتی صورت قرص یا کپسول و پودر یافت می شوند قرار دارند و به]. همچنین، در مطالعات اخیر اثر بازدارندگی ترکیب شیمیایی 6[) با ساختاری نزدیک به متوکلوپرامید در C6H5CONH2بنزآمید (محیط سولفوریک اسید موردبررسی قرارگرفته و نتایج حاصل دهد که با های قطبش پتانسیواستاتیک نشان میاز اندازه گیری درصد افزایش 70افزایش بازدارنده، بازده بازدارندگی به بیش از .]7می یابد [ عنوان بازدارنده برای در این پژوهش، قرص متوکلوپرامید بهجلوگیری از خوردگی فولاد نرم در محیط فسفریک اسید مورداستفاده قرارگرفته و درنهایت فرایند بازدارندگی آن با استفاده 1 سنجی رهبندی های قطبش پتانسیودینامیک، طیفاز روشالکتروشیمیایی و میکروسکوپی الکترونی روبشی بررسی شده است.بخش تجربی ها بر روی آلیاژ فولاد نرم با ترکیب درصد اجزاء تمامی آزمون0/045 گوگرد، 0/045 سیلیکون، 0/5 آهن، 97/84 :)wt. % ( های استوانه ای صورت نمونه کربن، که به0/17 منگنز و 1/4فسفر، متر مربع تهیه شده، سانتی1 ای به مساحت شکل با سطحی دایره شده (فسفریک اسید با انجام گرفت. تمام مواد شیمیایی استفاده و استن شستشو) از شرکت مرک آلمان بودند.%85درجه خلوص و300 ،200 ،100 ،50 هایی با غلظت های ابتدا محلول مولار تهیه شد. 0/5 از بازدارنده در فسفریک اسید 400ppm هایی از های الکتروشیمیایی، نمونهسپس برای انجام آزمایش برش داده شد و درنهایت سطح الکترود st37جنس آلیاژ فولاد نرم ) صیقلی 400-2000-2500کار با درجات متفاوت کاغذ سمباده (و با آب مقطر و استن شسته و در هوای محیط خشک شد. ها به منظور ارزیابی بازده بازدارندگی و عملکرد بازدارندهبه سنجی رهبندی الکتروشیمیایی و قطبش های طیفترتیب آزمایش ها از یک سل پتانسیودینامیک انجام گرفت. در این آزمایشدوجداره با سه الکترود استفاده شد. از الکترود پلاتین صفحه ای عنوان ) بهSCE عنوان الکترود کمکی، از الکترود کالومل اشباع (به عنوان الکترود کار شده بهالکترود مرجع و از نمونه فلزی آمادهاستفاده شده است. تا 100mHz های رهبندی در گستره فرکانس آزمایش های قطبش و آزمایش10mV و با دامنه نوسان 100kHz +200- تا 200پتانسیودینامیک با گستره پتانسیل اعمالی از انجام گرفت و نتایج با استفاده 1mV/s ولت و سرعت روبش میلی تحلیل شد. همچنین، آزمایش های NOVA 1.10از نرم افزار درجه 55 تا 25قطبش برای بررسی اثر دما در گستره دمایی گراد در غیاب و حضور غلظت بهینه بازدارنده انجام شد. سانتی شناسی سطح و مطالعه جذب بازدارنده ها منظور ریختدرنهایت بهبر سطح از روش میکروسکوپی الکترونی روبشی استفاده شد. برای ساعت در دمای اتاق در داخل 24این بررسی، الکترود کار به مدت محلول اسیدی بدون بازدارنده و همچنین حاوی غلظت بهینه از ها از محلول خارج شد و با بازدارنده نگهداری شد. سپس نمونهآب مقطر و استن شسته و خشک شدند. درنهایت با میکروسکوپ ها تهیه شد.الکترونی، تصویرهای نمونه ها و بحثنتیجهقطبش پتانسیودینامیک منظور تعیین اثر غلظت بازدارنده بر روی خوردگی فولاد نرم به ای مؤثر و جدید برای جلوگیری ... متوکلوپرامید: بازدارنده1. Impedance68ZÆ],7ÃZ¼‹,ºÅ{YÁ{μZ‡)JARC(های کاربردی در شیمی نشریه پژوهش شود، در ضمن نقاط های خورنده به سطح فلز میرسیدن یون طور که در تصاویر کند. همانفعال بر روی سطح فلز را منفعل می هایی شود وجود نقاط سیاه تا حدودی نشان از حفرهمشاهده می توان گفت که است که در سطح فلز ایجادشده است. بنابراین، می ای اتفاق در حضور بازدارنده نیز به مقدار بسیار کمی خوردگی حفرهافتاده است. این تصاویر همچنین مهر تأییدی بر عملکرد صحیح لایه محافظ قوی تا بازدارنده در سطح آلیاژ است که با ایجاد یکحدود زیادی از خوردگی سطح فلز جلوگیری کرده است. گیرینتیجهنتایج نشان دادند که قرص متوکلوپرامید، بازدارنده مناسبی برای جلوگیری از خوردگی فولاد نرم در محیط فسفریک اسید صورت بازدارنده مختلط با تمایل آندی عمل است. این بازدارنده به ای مؤثر و جدید برای جلوگیری ... متوکلوپرامید: بازدارندهمراجع[1] Nguyen, T.N.; Hubbard, J.B.; Mcfadden, G.B.; Journal of coatings technology 63(794), 43-52, 1991.[2] El-Maksoud, S.A.; International Journal of Electrochemical Science 3(5), 528-55, 2008.[3]*، چاپ "خوردگی فلزات و جلوگیری از آن" زاده طوسی، محمد تقی؛ علی1360 ،9دوم، انتشارات مهتاب، تهران، صفحه [4]*، چاپ اول، انتشارات "خوردگی فلزات و آلیاژها" پاشایی فرد مقدم، فاطمه؛ 1354 ،35 صفحه 1354دانشگاه تهران، [5] Rani, B.E.; Basu, B.B.; International Journal of Corrosion 2012, 1-15, 2011.[6] Znini, M.; Cristofari, G.; Majidi, L.; Ansari, A.; Bouyanzer, A.; Paolini, J.; Costa, J.; Int. 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B.; Traisnel, M.; Bentiss, بازده بازدارندگی را 300ppmکرده و افزایش غلظت بازدارنده تا دهد که با افزایش دما دهد. بررسی اثر دما نشان میافزایش می تقریب ثابت یافته ولی پتانسیل خوردگی بهجریان خوردگی افزایش ماند. جذب بازدارنده در این محیط بر روی سطح آلیاژ باقی می کند. فرایند جذب دما جذب سطحی لانگمویر پیروی میاز هم خودی و گرماده است بازدارنده برای محیط فسفریک اسید خودبهو همچنین فرایند جذب با کاهش آنتروپی همراه بوده است. حضور سازی شده است. بازدارندگی بازدارنده باعث افزایش انرژی فعالدر این محیط بیشتر از طریق جذب فیزیکی بازدارنده بر سطح فلز تأییدی بر SEMصورت گرفته است. نتایج حاصل از بررسی های عملکرد جذبی بازدارنده و تشکیل لایه محافظ بر روی سطح است و با افزودن قرص متوکلوپرامید به محیط فسفریک اسید میزان توجهی کاهش پیدا می کند.خوردگی به مقدار قابلF.; Lagrenee, M.; Corrosion Science 42(4), 703-19, 2000.[9] Sherif, E.M.; Park, S.M.; Electrochimica Acta 51(22), 4665-73, 2006.[10] Li, W., He, Q.; Pei, C.; Hou, B.; Electrochi-mica Acta 52, 6386-6394, 2007.[11] Alibakhshi, E.; Ghasemi, E.; Mahdavian, M.; Ramezanzadeh, B.; Colorants Coat. 9, 233-248, 2016.[12] Bentiss, F.; Traisnel, M.; Lagrenee, M.; Cor-rosion Science 42(1),127-46, 2000.[13] Outirite, M.; Lagrenée, M.; Lebrini, M.; Traisnel, M.; Jama, C.; Vezin, H.; Bentiss, F.; Electrochimica Acta 55(5), 1670-81, 2010.[14] Safizadeh, F.; Lafront, A.M.; Ghali, E.; Hou-lachi, G.; Hydrometallurgy 111, 29-34, 2012.[15] Hosseini, S.M.; Azimi, A.; Materials and cor-rosion 59(1), 41-5, 2008.[16] Abdallah, M.; Corrosion Science 46(8),1981-96, 2004.69ZÆ],7ÃZ¼‹,ºÅ{YÁ{μZ‡)JARC(های کاربردی در شیمی نشریه پژوهش2008.[21] Zhang, Q.B.; Hua, Y.X.; Electrochimica Acta 54(6),1881-7, 2009.[22] Bouklah, M.; Hammouti, B.; Lagrenee, M.; Bentiss, F.; Corrosion Science 48(9), 2831-42, 2006.[23] Vashi, R.T.; Champaneri, V.A.; Indian jour-nal of chemical technology 4, 180-4, 1997.24. Qu, Q.; Hao, Z.; Jiang, S.; Li, L.; Bai, W.; Ma-terials and corrosion 59(11), 883-8, 2008.شهیدی زندی و همکاران[17] Zheng, X.W.; Zhang, S.T.; Corros. Sci. 80, 383–392, 2014.[18] Mohammadi, A.; Hosseini, S.M.A.; Bahra-mi, M.J.; Shahidi, M.; Color Colorants Coat. 9, 117-134, 2016.[19] El Mehdi, B.; Mernari, B.; Traisnel, M.; Ben-tiss, F.; Lagrenee, M.; Synthesis and Materials chemistry and physics. 77(2), 489-96, 2003.[20] Hosseini, S.M.; Amiri, M.; Momeni, A.; Surface Review and Letters 15(04), 435-42, *Corresponding author Email:Journal of Applied Research in Chemistry140JARCMetoclopramide: a new and effective inhibitor for corrosion inhibition of mild steel in 0.5 M phosphoric acid solutionZ. Golshani1, M. Shahidi Zandi2,*, M.J. Bahrami3, S.M.A. Hosseini41. Department of Chemistry, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran2. Department of Chemistry, Kerman Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kerman, Iran3. Department of Science, Farhangian University, Kerman, Iran4. Department of Chemistry, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, IranRecieved: April 2017, Revised: October 2017, Accepted: December 2017Abstract: In this work, the inhibitive behavior of metoclopramide tablet on the corrosion of mild steel in 0.5 M phosphoric acid solution was investigated employing potentiodynamic polarization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques. The results showed that the inhibition efficiency increased with increase in the concentration of inhibitor, up to 300 ppm and the increase in temperature caused the reduction in the inhibition efficiency. Potentiodynamic polarization measurements indicated that the inhibitor acts as an anodic type inhibitor. The EIS measurements showed that by addition of the inhibitor up to 300 ppm, the charge transfer resistance increased and the double layer capacitance (Cdl) decreased. The results obtained from potentiodynamic polarization and EIS were in good agreement. The adsorption studies revealed that the adsorption of the inhibitor in the solution on the alloy surface follows Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The adsorption process is a spontaneous and exothermic process accompanied with the reduction of entropy. SEM investigations proved the formation of protective layers on the alloy surface after immersion in the solution and these observations validate the adsorption performance of the inhibitor. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
218 - Study of two organic compounds containing nitro functional group as temporary protection of steel corrosion
فریبرز اتابکی مهران رادورSteel parts can be protected against atmospheric corrosion by temporary protective coatings. The inhibitors in temporary protective coating by virtue of adsorption on the metal surface blocking the active sites and thereupon decrease the corrosion rate. In this research MoreSteel parts can be protected against atmospheric corrosion by temporary protective coatings. The inhibitors in temporary protective coating by virtue of adsorption on the metal surface blocking the active sites and thereupon decrease the corrosion rate. In this research, two compounds N-)3-nitrophenyl( maleamic acid )NPMA( and N-)2,4-dinitrophenyl( maleamic acid )DNPMA( were synthesized and were added to temporary protective oil coating. These compounds were characterized by FT-IR. Yield of )NPMA( and )DNPMA( were obtained as 80% and 84% yield, respectively. In next stage, 300-3600 ppm of synthesized corrosion inhibitors were added to base oil and used for covering on the surfaces of mild steel samples as temporary protective coatings. The covered steel samples located in chamber constructed according to ASTM D-1748 with 100% relative humidity and their corrosion inhibition determined by optical microscope and weight loss measurements. The results showed that prepared coatings were very efficient. The inhibition efficiency increases with increasing inhibitor concentrations to 900 ppm, and DNPMA is better than NPMA. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
219 - Kinetic and life span study of 5-bromo-2-(((1-hydroxybutan-2-yl)imino)methyl)phenol and 2-((2-((2-hydroxybenzylidene)amino)ethyl)amino)phenol as corrosion inhibitors, using new fast Fourier transform electrochemical techniques
Mohsen Markazi Javad Shabani shayeh Behnam RasekhMetal corrosion represents a significant cost to the industry. Detection and prevention are possible by use of various methods including electrochemical technics and corrosion inhibitors. In the present study, the performance of two types of inhibitors, 5-bromo-2-(((1-h MoreMetal corrosion represents a significant cost to the industry. Detection and prevention are possible by use of various methods including electrochemical technics and corrosion inhibitors. In the present study, the performance of two types of inhibitors, 5-bromo-2-(((1-hydroxybutan-2-yl)imino)methyl)phenol (C11H14BrNO2) and 2-((2-((2-hydroxybenzylidene)amino)ethyl)amino)phenol C15H16N2O2, was investigated in reducing corrosion rate of A106 Gr.b alloy steel used in oil pipelines in corrosive medium of 1M sulfuric acid. The comparison between these two inhibitors and the role of nitrogen in their performance and their life span were investigated by cyclic voltammetric electrochemical technique and fast Fourier transform method for data processing. It was found that the C11H14BrNO2 inhibitor by having a slower kinetics in the decomposition process can stand longer and was more effective than the other corrosion inhibitor. This C11H14BrNO2 inhibitor also has a much better performance in preventing carbon corrosion, despite having a lower nitrogen element in the structure because of its favorable spatial structure and better placement of “N” on the corroded metal surface. Manuscript profile -
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220 - Analyzing the Backward and Forward linkage of the Khuzestan Steel Company's Products with Inside the Company and the national economy with the approach of the enterprise Input-Output table
Yaghoub Andayesh ziba Saeidi NashlilIn this article, it has been tried to investigate and analyze enterprise input_output model, the relationship between the main products of Khuzestan Steel Company with the internal departments of this company and also with the national economy on both the supply and dem MoreIn this article, it has been tried to investigate and analyze enterprise input_output model, the relationship between the main products of Khuzestan Steel Company with the internal departments of this company and also with the national economy on both the supply and demand sides and in the form of Backward and Forward linkage for the year 1400 by using the enterprise data model. Therefore, by compiling the enterprise input_output table of Khuzestan Steel Company, the production multiplier and the backward and forward linkages of the four products of slabs, billets and blooms, Pelletizing and sponge iron were calculated in the company and the national economy.The results of this research show that backward and forward linkage of Khuzestan Steel Company with the national economy is 3.21 and 1.41 units, respectively. Among the company's production activities, the highest link was related to the pelletizing product with 1.0 units and , the lowest link was related to the slab product with 0.55 units. pelletizing and sponge iron have the highest and lowest previous linkages (0.02 and 0.78 units) with the national economy, respectively. At the national level, rebar receives a large share of its demand from the products of the Khuzestan Steel Company, and ironstone is considered the most important consumable of these 4 products of the company. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
221 - Environmental effluent indicators of Isfahan Steel Company
B. Sadri Lonbani R. Mogouei M. KashefialaslContent and procedures: Through an analytical study, twelve samples from the sewage water of Mobarake Steel Company taken 1392 have been studied and the level of pollutants in them identified and analyzed. The treatment method and technology used for these samples has a MoreContent and procedures: Through an analytical study, twelve samples from the sewage water of Mobarake Steel Company taken 1392 have been studied and the level of pollutants in them identified and analyzed. The treatment method and technology used for these samples has also been studied and based on the study a new process with more prevalent technology (BAT) has been recommended. The findings and analyzed using the SPSS software and the pollutant levels compared to the allowed standards. Findings and results: According to the results of the BOD­­­5­ testing and the temperature of the twelve comparison, the levels of manganese and phosphate contain the highest amounts of controlled substances, in particular in one third of the samples (4 out of the 12) the level of these two substances was higher than the permitted level. Also the nitrite and iron levels in one fourth of the samples (3 out of 12) were higher than the permitted level. The levels of the BOD, pH and TDS in one sixth of the samples (2 out of 12) were also higher than the permitted level. Given the scarcity of water in Esfahan and the agriculture fields in close vicinity of Esfahan’s Steel Company, the use of the sewage water from the steel industry is unavoidable and considering the number of samples with higher than standard levels of unpermitted substances, the use of the exit sewage water for agricultural purposes with the current standards should not be permitted and it is necessary to upgrade the treatment facilities of this company. Manuscript profile -
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222 - افزایش عمر فورج گرم با استفاده از روش های مختلف
صادق جعفرپور مسعود رضایی -
Open Access Article
223 - خصوصیات فیلم اکسید تشکیل شده روی فولاد Ck45 با استفاده از روش اکسیداسیون الکترولیتی پلاسما
S. Abuali Galedari م. موسوی خوئی -
Open Access Article
224 - استفاده از تجزیه و تحلیل Gray Relational و تکنیک Taguchi در حل مشکلات چند هدفه برای چرخش عملکرد فولاد ضد زنگ آستنیتی
م. آزادی مقدم ف. کلاهان م. حسینی دوغ آبادی -
Open Access Article
225 - تأثیر انحراف نرخ ارز واقعی بر صادرات صنعت فولاد در ایران
هدی مشهدی محمدی عباس شاکری محمود محمودزاده -
Open Access Article
226 - An Analysis of prices of energy carriers on the steel industry in Iran
Mohammad Ali Khatib Roya Seifipour Saeid RahimiImproved prices of energy carriers in the country’s economy especially the industrial sector have a high sensitivity. Steel industry, including energy-intensive industries, capital-intensive and requires high technology that high share of energy production (abo MoreImproved prices of energy carriers in the country’s economy especially the industrial sector have a high sensitivity. Steel industry, including energy-intensive industries, capital-intensive and requires high technology that high share of energy production (about %8), causing the increasing prices of energy carriers, affect production cost and product sales. Therefore, due to the late and former communications industry with other industries, price changes on other economic sectors and industrial steel works will also be important. The results show that the prices of energy carriers with direct effects on the cost of steel industry. It is being provided if none price package as reform process, improving production technologies and improving energy use patterns is not applied simultaneously with price reform policy, Accumulation due to cumulative effects of increased prices of energy carriers, there is the possibility of bankruptcy and closure of industrial units. Manuscript profile -
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227 - Identifying and Ranking Business and Information Technology Alignment Challenges: A Strategy for Strategic Alignment (Case Study: Southern Steel Company)
Faramarz Khaleghi Mohammad Ebrahim Mohammadpoor ZarandiAbstract:The purpose of the present study was to identify and rank business alignment challenges with Information Technology: a strategy for strategic alignment. Statistical population consisted of ten managers and experts of South Steel Company regarding strategic plan MoreAbstract:The purpose of the present study was to identify and rank business alignment challenges with Information Technology: a strategy for strategic alignment. Statistical population consisted of ten managers and experts of South Steel Company regarding strategic planning and information technologies. A paired comparisons questionnaire was used to collect and to gathering the data, which included six business alignment challenges with information technology (IT) . Hierarchical analysis process was used to analyze the data.The results showed that lack of facilities for performing activities of relative weight (0.308), Lack of board support and relative weight (0.254), Lack of a separate unit for enterprise-wide planning with relative weight (0.163), Lack of appropriate Information Technology (IT) skills and strategies with relative weight (0.134). Failure to evaluate organization readiness with relative weight (0.081). And not using information technology (IT) to gain strategic competitive advantage with a relative weight (.053) ranks first to sixth. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
228 - Dynamic System Model of Steel Industry Supply Chain with Economic Goals Approach
Reza Besharatizadeh Reza Radfar َAbbas Toloie AshlaghiAbstractNowadays, organizations need an efficient supply chain and proper supply chain management to face global competition. The steel industry is considered the most strategic industrial good in the world because of its large impact on the economic and industrial deve MoreAbstractNowadays, organizations need an efficient supply chain and proper supply chain management to face global competition. The steel industry is considered the most strategic industrial good in the world because of its large impact on the economic and industrial development of countries. Paying attention to the supply chain of this industry, as the fundamental industry is crucial because of its key role in the national economy and the welfare of communities. This research aims to provide a dynamic system model for the country's steel supply chain to help policymakers and managers to have more effective management in the industry. To present the model, causal rings are drawn by the association of steel industry experts and then modeled by VENSIM. Following are the required tests for model validation. Scenario-based simulation results show that a ±20% change in the two model parameters that reflect technology growth and investment coefficient will have a significant impact on the achievement of the goals. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
229 - Risk Assessment in Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems implementation in upstream steel industries
Fatemeh Abbasi Jalal Haghighat Monfared Jamshid Edalatian ShahryariRisks and uncertainty can potentially have serious consequences for enterprise resource planning (ERP) implementation. This paper examines a practical approach to ERP implementation risk assessment in upstream steel industries that supports important project stakeholder MoreRisks and uncertainty can potentially have serious consequences for enterprise resource planning (ERP) implementation. This paper examines a practical approach to ERP implementation risk assessment in upstream steel industries that supports important project stakeholders such as the customer, contractor or developer, consultant and supplier to fulfill their obligations and the negative effects on ERP project performance in relation to the objectives cost, time and quality are minimize. In this study, after registering the risks and their initial qualitative analysis using the risk matrix, in order to analyze the data more accurately and reduce the volume of variables, using exploratory factor analysis in SPSS software, the risks were categorized into 7 groups, then using confirmatory factor analysis in AMOS software was used to check the validity of the obtained model, and after removing 4 risks, the validity of the model was found to be satisfactory. For the quantitative analysis of the model using the FMEA method, it was shown that the risks related to the project management factor have the highest score, i.e. the highest risk, and the factor related to the internal people of the organization has the lowest risk score with a very small difference from the process factor. Manuscript profile -
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230 - Investigating the effect of Exchange Rate Fluctuations on Export of steel in Iran using Mixed Frequency Data Sampling Models (MIDAS)
Elham Eslahchi Farideh Haghshenas KashaniToday, in Iran and all over the world, steel plays a crucial role in production and industrial sectors. Therefore, to increase and stabilize exports and eliminate the dependence of the country's budget on oil; adopting policies to diversify and expand the export of non- MoreToday, in Iran and all over the world, steel plays a crucial role in production and industrial sectors. Therefore, to increase and stabilize exports and eliminate the dependence of the country's budget on oil; adopting policies to diversify and expand the export of non-oil goods, especially the steel, by removing obstacles and adopting appropriate solutions in all developing countries with a single-product economy, including Iran, is inevitable.The purpose of this article is investigating the effect of exchange rate fluctuations on export of steel accordingly in MIDAS modeling framework. this model makes it possible to review former steel export forecasts and revise them regarding the impact of exchange rate fluctuations on steel industry exports, if more reliable data is available. In the estimated Midas model, annual statistics of steel exports, steel production, real and uncertain production, exchange rate, monthly variables of exchange rate and sanctions index are utilized during from 1992 until 2021. The results show that there is a positive relationship between the exchange rate and steel exports, and the relationship between exchange rate fluctuations and steel exports is negative, therefore these effects are more intense in the long term. Manuscript profile -
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231 - Designing a framework for marketing capacities to achieve financial benefits in companies affiliated to steel industries admitted to the stock exchange.
leila AndervazhIn terms of market value, the basic metals group is important after the chemical products group in the stock exchange, so the optimal use of marketing capacities in this industry can lead to financial benefits. The purpose of this research was to design a framework for MoreIn terms of market value, the basic metals group is important after the chemical products group in the stock exchange, so the optimal use of marketing capacities in this industry can lead to financial benefits. The purpose of this research was to design a framework for marketing capabilities to achieve financial benefits in companies affiliated to the steel industry accepted in the stock exchange. became. Qualitative phase data was collected through semi-structured in-depth interviews with 15 marketing experts who were selected through purposive sampling and snowball methods until theoretical saturation was reached. The data was done using open, central and selective coding and analyzed using Maxqda data analysis software. The results obtained from the analysis led to the final model of marketing capabilities with 7 main categories including: product, distribution, market, customer, analysis of competitors, advertising and brand, which in 6 dimensions are causal conditions, main category, background conditions, environment, strategies and As a result, the paradigmatic model of the research was drawn. Manuscript profile -
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232 - The Investigation of Sensitization Effect on the Corrosion Behavior of SAF 2205 Duplex SS at Transpassive Region
خشایار مرشدبهبهانی پوریا نجفی سیار محمود پاکشیرIn this study, intergranular corrosion (IGC) behaviour of SAF 2205 duplex stainless steels (DSS) was investigated in the "2M H2SO4 + 1M HCl" solution at 30 ◦C using potentiodynamic polarization, DLEPR, X-ray diffraction, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and MoreIn this study, intergranular corrosion (IGC) behaviour of SAF 2205 duplex stainless steels (DSS) was investigated in the "2M H2SO4 + 1M HCl" solution at 30 ◦C using potentiodynamic polarization, DLEPR, X-ray diffraction, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and cyclic polarization tests. The EIS test results of the specimens, with various degrees of sensitization for 1 h and 5 h at 725 oC, shows three different responses in the trans passive region depending on the applied DC bias. Moreover, the results indicate that the charge transfer and polarization resistance (Rct and RP) of the sensitized DSS specimens decrease as a result of increasing the sensitization time which is in accordance with the optical and SEM micrographs from the corroded samples surfaces. Manuscript profile -
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233 - Investigation of the Tempering Treatment on the Mechanical Propertiesof 13%Cr Super Martensitic Stainless Steel
Saeeid Jbarzare Iman Kheirollahi-Hoseinabadi S. M Sehri Rasol Ghasemi محمد Kuwaiti ابراهیم ShokranehThe samples wear tempered at 520-720 °C for 3-10 h and air cooling to investigate the effect of tempering treatment on microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of13%Cr SuperMartensitic Stainless Steel. After heat treatment, hardness and tensile strength t MoreThe samples wear tempered at 520-720 °C for 3-10 h and air cooling to investigate the effect of tempering treatment on microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of13%Cr SuperMartensitic Stainless Steel. After heat treatment, hardness and tensile strength tests were performed for investigation of mechanical properties. Moreover, optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were performed for investigation of microstructure observations. X-Ray diffraction (XRD) was carried out to measure of austenite retained in the samples. The results indicated that the optimization of mechanical properties were achieved by austenitizing treatment at 1050 °C for 1 h and water quenching and then tempering treatment at 600 °C for 3 h with air cooling.The results indicated that the optimization of mechanical properties were achieved by austenitizing treatment at 1050 °C for 1 h and water quenching and then tempering treatment at 600 °C for 3 h with air cooling.The results indicated that the optimization of mechanical properties were achieved by austenitizing treatment at 1050 °C for 1 h and water quenching and then tempering treatment at 600 °C for 3 h with air cooling. Manuscript profile -
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234 - Transient liquid phase (TLP) bonding of AISI321 stainless steel using MBF-20 commercial interlayer
محمد علی میثاقی رضا بختیاریAccording to the industry’s need to an appropriate bonding process for components made of AISI 321 austenitic stainless steel, which is used in power-plant parts such as turbines, transient liquid phase (TLP) bonding of AISI 321 steel using MBF-20 interlayer MoreAccording to the industry’s need to an appropriate bonding process for components made of AISI 321 austenitic stainless steel, which is used in power-plant parts such as turbines, transient liquid phase (TLP) bonding of AISI 321 steel using MBF-20 interlayer was studied in this research. TLP bonding was performed in a vacuum furnace at 1050, 1100, 1150 and 1200oC for 30-120 minutes. The microstructural studies were conducted on the joints using an optical microscope and an scanning electron microscope (SEM). Phase analysis of the joints was also performed a SEM/EDS and XRD system. To investigate the distribution of elements across the joints, line scan analysis was used. The shear strength test and the micro hardness measurement test were conducted on the joints, in order to study the joints’ mechanical properties. The minimum time of complete isothermal solidification at 1050, 1100 and 1150oC was obtained as 75, 45 and 30 minutes, respectively. At the incomplete isothermal solidification condition, Fe-B, Cr-B, Ni-Si and Ni-B phases were observed at the joint centerline and diffusion affected zone (DAZ). With increasing bonding temperature and time, more homogenous joint, lower hardness at the different zones of the joints and higher shear strength were obtained. But for the joints made at 1200oC, higher than the critical bonding temperature, the joint shear strength was reduced. For the joints made at 1150oC for 60 minutes and also at 1050oC for 120 minutes, the maximum shear strength was obtained as 95 and 94 percent of that of the base metal, respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
235 - Investigation of high temperature wear properties of NiCrBSi and satellite coatings deposited on hot work tool steel DIN-1.2344
مصطفی طهری مجتبی اسماعیلیان Behrooz ShahriariIn this study, satellite 6 and NiCrBSi coatings deposited on hot work tool steel DIN-2344/1 by thermal spraying and cladding were investigated. Stellite 6 and NiCrBSi powders were deposited on the substrate by HVOF and Stellate 6 wire were cladded by GTAW. Scanning elec MoreIn this study, satellite 6 and NiCrBSi coatings deposited on hot work tool steel DIN-2344/1 by thermal spraying and cladding were investigated. Stellite 6 and NiCrBSi powders were deposited on the substrate by HVOF and Stellate 6 wire were cladded by GTAW. Scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectroscopy and optical microscopy, pins on disk wear machine, macro and micro hardness meter were used to analyze the coatings. Results showed that the hardness and wear resistance of thermal spray coating were higher than cladding coating. At high temperature, the results of wear test show, that the NiCrBSi coating has the better wear resistance rather than satellite 6 coating. This behavior of NiCrBSi coating attributed to silicate and boride particles in this coating. On the other hand, the thermal spray satellite 6 coating show the very low friction coefficient due to chromium oxide formed on the surface of coatings. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
236 - Investigation the causes of corrosion and failure of the submerged entry nozzle for continuous casting of steel
رحمت الله عمادی آرش حاجی پور حسین عمادیAt present, Continuous casting is the most important method of producing ingot in the world. The controlling parts of melts are shroud, stopper and submerged entry nozzle (SEN), which are special refractories. Among the special refractory components, SEN is very importa MoreAt present, Continuous casting is the most important method of producing ingot in the world. The controlling parts of melts are shroud, stopper and submerged entry nozzle (SEN), which are special refractories. Among the special refractory components, SEN is very important. The duty of SEN is pouring the liquid steel from tundish to crystallizator. The aim of this study was to investigate the causes of corrosion and failure of the soundless SEN that used in continuous casting of Saba Steel Company. At the beginning, different sections of a sound and soundless SEN were prepared. Bulk density, apparent porosity, XRD, XRF and scanning electron microscopy was performed in this research. The results showed that unsuitable coating applied on the surface of SEN and less graphite content of zirconia graphite body of SEN are the major causes of failure so that the soundless and sound nozzle has 8 and 10 graphite percent, which leading to decreased resistance to thermal shock and corrosion. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
237 - Effects of size and type of coating of iron powders and copper additive on the properties of hollow steel spheres
Hamid Sazegaran علیرضا کیانی رشیدMetal hollow spheres are successfully used for manufacturing of cells and porosities in the cellular structures and metallic foams that important production methods of them are based on powder metallurgy. In this paper, steel hollow spheres are produced by powder metall MoreMetal hollow spheres are successfully used for manufacturing of cells and porosities in the cellular structures and metallic foams that important production methods of them are based on powder metallurgy. In this paper, steel hollow spheres are produced by powder metallurgy method and polystyrene beads are used as substrate materials. Polystyrene beads are separated from a polystyrene block and sorted by sieving. Then, mixture of sodium silicate, as binder, and iron powder was sprayed on prepared beads. After drying, a thin layer of iron powder was covered polystyrene beads. Finally, two different heat treatment processes to produce high strength steel hollow spheres was undertaken. These processes are involving the pyrolysis of polystyrene beads and sintering process. For shell thickness measurements, determination of porosity content and flaws evaluation, shell section of hollow spheres were studied by optical microscopy. Produced hollow steel spheres are nearly uniform thickness in shell. Size of iron powder particles, cupper content and type of coating of iron powder are strongly affected on shell thickness, porosity percent and shell flaws. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
238 - Investigation of microstructure and mechanical properties of AISI304L Stainless Steel to ASTMA514 Steel joint by Gas Tungsten Arc Welding
موسی توکلی عباس سعادت محمدرضا خانزاده قره شیرانIn the present study, Dissimilar welding of austenitic stainless steel AISI 304L to Quenched and Tempered Steel ASTM A514 was investigated by gas tungsten arc welding process. Two filler metals including (ERNiCr-3) and austenitic stainless steel 309l (ER309L MoreIn the present study, Dissimilar welding of austenitic stainless steel AISI 304L to Quenched and Tempered Steel ASTM A514 was investigated by gas tungsten arc welding process. Two filler metals including (ERNiCr-3) and austenitic stainless steel 309l (ER309L) were used. Microstructure of nugget, heat affected zone, inter face and unmixed zone (UMZ) was studied by optic microscopy and scanning electron microscopy equipped with energy disperse spectrometry (EDS). The investigations showed completely austenitic structure as dendrite for ERNiCr-3 weld metal and primary ferrite with austenitic matrix for 309l weld metal. Mechanical properties including tensile and bending strength, impact resistance, hardness and fractography of the specimen was studied. The entire specimen underwent ductile fracture in HAZ in the tension test. Tensile strength in ER309L and ERNiCr-3 had increment of 556 Mpa and 593 Mpa respectively. Impact thoughtless in join induced by ERNiCr-3 filler was 117 J while it was 95 J for ER309L. The maximum and minimum hardness was related to the ERNiCr-3 (156 Vickers) and ER309L (127 Vickers), respectively. Finally, according to mechanical properties, it can be concluded that in dissimilar welding of austenitic stainless steel AISI 304 L to Quenched- Tempered Steel ASTM A514, The ERNiCr-3 filler is better than ER309L. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
239 - Modelling of austenite formation in weld heat affected zone of API-X65 and X70 pipeline steels
Jaafar Ahmadi rad Gholamreza KhalajIn the present work the two microalloyed steel (X65 and X70 ) used in oil and gas transition pipeline, was obtained as a hot rolled plate with accelerated cooling. First, weld heat affected zone thermal cycles, according to four-wire tandem submerged arc welding process MoreIn the present work the two microalloyed steel (X65 and X70 ) used in oil and gas transition pipeline, was obtained as a hot rolled plate with accelerated cooling. First, weld heat affected zone thermal cycles, according to four-wire tandem submerged arc welding process were analyzed. The Baehr 805A/D dilatometer was used for weld heat affected zone thermal cycles’ simulation. The thermal cycles simulated process for heated region involved heating the steel specimens to the peak temperatures of 950, 1150 and 1350 °C and transformation behaviour and microstructure is investigated. By analyzing the dilatometry results, continuous heating diagram, austenite grain growth and austenite formation kinetics were investigated. Austenite formation modeling was done using Johnson- Mehl- Avrami- Kolmogorov (JMAK) classic equation. The parameter n was found to be relatively independent on temperature (or heating rate); While the parameter k is strongly dependent to temperature, phase fraction transformed and austenite grain growth Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
240 - Coating of Steel by Long Alkyd Resin Reinforced with SiC Nanoparticles to Improve its Corrosion Resistance
Hamideh Esmaeili Sanaz Naghibi Shirin KordzangenehTo improve the properties of the organic coatings ceramic nanoparticles can be applied. In the present study, inorganic-organic nanocomposite coating contains SiC nnoparticles and alkyd resin was applied on the stainless still substrates. In this regard 1, 2 and 3 wt% o MoreTo improve the properties of the organic coatings ceramic nanoparticles can be applied. In the present study, inorganic-organic nanocomposite coating contains SiC nnoparticles and alkyd resin was applied on the stainless still substrates. In this regard 1, 2 and 3 wt% of SiC nanoparticles were used to prepare the nanocomposite. In order to achieve a homogeneous mixture of nanoparticles and polymeric resin, magnetic stirrer and ultrasonic device were used. The coatings were deposited on the substrates by dipping technique. To study the morphology thickness and surface of the coatings, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) were used. The corrosion resistance of the coatings was investigated by polarization Tafel test, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and salt spray. Corrosion test results showed a reduction of corrosion current and an increasing in the corrosion resistance of substrate with nanocomposites coating and the sample with 3 wt% nanoparticles was selected as optimum sample by reducing current density from 9/2×10-6 to 2/2×10-9. The results of adhesion test by cross-cut method showed the reduction of coating separation from 9% to 4%. The coating thickness of sample was measured about 20 μm. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
241 - Study the microstructure and hardness of FSW of API 70 steel at the presence of TiO2 particles
Rasoul Pouriamanesh KAMRAN DehghaniIn this study, the microstructural properties and hardness of Friction Stir Welded (FSWed) of high strength low alloy API X70 steel at the presence of titanium dioxide (TiO2) particles were investigated. In this regard, a homogeneous mixture of TiO2 and X70 steel powder MoreIn this study, the microstructural properties and hardness of Friction Stir Welded (FSWed) of high strength low alloy API X70 steel at the presence of titanium dioxide (TiO2) particles were investigated. In this regard, a homogeneous mixture of TiO2 and X70 steel powders were inserted into the weld groove before applying FSW. The FSW method was applied on HSLA X70 with and without addition of titanium oxide (TiO2) particles. The optical microscopy and Vickers microhardness measurements were employed to evaluate the microstructure and hardness of the different weldments zones. The results showed that the hardness of various zones in the weldment are strongly depended on the microstructure which is affected by heat input and stiring action. In addition, the TiO2 particles were homogenously dispersed in the stir zone of TiO2-doped weldment and subsequently has changed the microstructure and hardness. In particular, a transition from an acicular ferrite (AF) dominant microstructure with a hardness value of 300 HV to a polygonal ferrite (PF) dominant microstructure with a hardness value of 180 HV was observed by moving from top surface region to near root region. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
242 - Dissimilar welding of Incoloy 825 to AISI 316L austenitic stainless steel and evaluation of Microstructure and Mechanical properties
مهدی باباجانی مرتضی شمعانیان مسعود کثیریIn the present study, dissimilar joints welding of Incoloy 825 superalloy / 316L austenitic stainless steel by gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) were investigated. In Inconel 625 weldment, dendretic microstructure was seen where cell-dendretic microstructure was found in MoreIn the present study, dissimilar joints welding of Incoloy 825 superalloy / 316L austenitic stainless steel by gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) were investigated. In Inconel 625 weldment, dendretic microstructure was seen where cell-dendretic microstructure was found in base metal. There was no solidification crack in structure. In weldment/base metal interface, grain growth was seen in all of them except in 316L base metal/weldment 308L.Improved mechanical properties of weldment were attained by using of Inconel 625 welding wire. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
243 - Investigation the Effect of Microstructure and Crystallographic Texture on the Hydrogen Induced Cracking Resistance of HSLA Steel
shahram abbasi mohammad esmailian Shahrokh AhangaraniIn this study effect of microstructure and crystallographic texture on the hydrogen induced cracking resistance of a HSLA was investigated. Samples were hot rolled between 980 to 750 °C up to 50% and quenched in different environments. Microstructure and texture of MoreIn this study effect of microstructure and crystallographic texture on the hydrogen induced cracking resistance of a HSLA was investigated. Samples were hot rolled between 980 to 750 °C up to 50% and quenched in different environments. Microstructure and texture of the samples were studied using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) equipped by electron backscattered diffraction detector (EBSD). Hydrogen induced cracking resistance of the samples were also evaluated using HIC test. Results revealed that, by increasing cooling rate more non-equilibrium phases with finer grain where formed. Grain boundary fraction also increased by increasing cooling rate which led to decrease in HIC resistance. Texture of the samples were also changed due to cooling rate enhancement furthermore texture intensity decreased. {111} // ND fiber intensity decreased due to cooling rate increase which led to decrease in intergranular crack propagation and consequently decrease in HIC resistance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
244 - Corrosion Inhibition of Polyethylene Glycol on Carbon Steel in Sulfuric Acid Solutions and its Synergism with Schiff Base
sina jahadi mojtaba nasr esfahaniThe inhibiting action of Schiff base and polyethylene glycol (Salpn-PEG) complexes on low-carbon steel corrosion in 0.5 M sulfuric acid was examined using weight loss, potentiodynamic polarization and spectroscopy electrochemical impedance (EIS) techniques. Schiff base MoreThe inhibiting action of Schiff base and polyethylene glycol (Salpn-PEG) complexes on low-carbon steel corrosion in 0.5 M sulfuric acid was examined using weight loss, potentiodynamic polarization and spectroscopy electrochemical impedance (EIS) techniques. Schiff base N, N’-bis(salicyladehyde)-1,3-diaminopropane (Salpn) was synthesized by salicylaldehyde and 1,3- diaminopropane. PEG/Salpn complex with weight ratio 1:4, 2:4 and 3:4 of Salpn and PEG were prepared in methylene chloride solvent by a simple deporotonation procedure. Obtained Results show that PEG/IMZ complex is very effective corrosion inhibitor of carbon steel in the acid environment in compare with PEG, Salpn and noncomplex form of them. Maximum corrosion inhibition was obtained for PEG/Salpn complex with weight ratio 1:4 of Salpn and PEG. The inhibition efficiency increased with the increase in the temperature up to 45°C and decrease in higher temperatures. Results from all the corrosion tests were examined using SEM and are in reasonable good agreement. Adsorption thermodynamic data (〖K 〗_ads and 〖∆G〗_ads ) was calculated using the weight loss data Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
245 - Investigation of the effect of substrate on formation of chromium- and vanadium carbide coatings by thermal reactive diffusion
علی اکبر قادی حسن ثقفیان Mansour SoltaniehIn this research, the effect of substrate on the formation of chromium- and vanadium carbide coating was studied by thermal reactive diffusion. The substrate of H13 steel was coated in two kinds of metal and oxide bath with molar ratio of Cr/V=3 for 14 hour at 1000˚C. C MoreIn this research, the effect of substrate on the formation of chromium- and vanadium carbide coating was studied by thermal reactive diffusion. The substrate of H13 steel was coated in two kinds of metal and oxide bath with molar ratio of Cr/V=3 for 14 hour at 1000˚C. Carbide coatings including chromium carbide (Cr3C2, Cr7C3), vanadium carbide (V8C7) and the complex carbide phase of Cr2VC2 were formed on H13 steel. The thickness of the carbide coating was 8.5±0.5 µm and 6.5±0.5 µm, respectively in metal bath and oxide bath. The amount of vanadium- to chromium- rich regions in the carbide coating was less than the ratio of vanadium to chromium content in the metal bath. The results of coating in the present study was compared to the results of coating in a similar condition on Ck45 steel. The type of substrate had an important role on the coating thickness and the phase distribution of vanadium- and chromium- rich regions. However, the element distribution in the coating was not affected by the kind of substrate. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
246 - Theoretical and experimental study of Imidazolium Ionic Liquid Effect on the Corrosion Inhibition of 316-Stainless Steel, Using Electrochemical Test Methods and Quantum Mechanics Theories
Reza Safari ALI EHSANI Hamid EbrahimiIn this study, the impact of )1-Buthyl-3-methyl imidazoloum hexa fluorophosphatesas( a new inhibitor on the corrosion of stainless steel 316L (SS) in HCl solution was investigated by means of potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). MoreIn this study, the impact of )1-Buthyl-3-methyl imidazoloum hexa fluorophosphatesas( a new inhibitor on the corrosion of stainless steel 316L (SS) in HCl solution was investigated by means of potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Also, the absorption of inhibitor onto the SS surface followed the Langmuir absorption model with the free energy of absorption ΔG0adsof -8.57 kJ mol-1. In addition, using density function theory (DFT) and atoms-in-molecule (AIM) theories, introduced by Richard Bader, which is a generalization of quantum theory to proper nano-size and molecular systems, the electronic organic-structure and local charge/energy transfer in the imidazole molecular system (as a organic-corrosion inhibitor element) are studied. In the same vein, the atomic electronic properties (such as electron density and its Laplacian), and the HOMO–LUMO gap (HLG) of this organic-molecular system are calculated. The results of the investigation show that proposed compound, as a commodious/economical -green inhibitor, has excellent inhibiting properties for SS corrosion in acidic solution. Furthermore, quantum mechanical results show that nitrogen atoms play domain role in intra-molecular charge and energy transfer (and thus electrochemical mechanism) in this inhibitor. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
247 - The effect of surface roughness and the current on the strength of stud welded pin
محمد خدائی جواد مختاریFast pin connecting to the steel parts to fasten cables and wires to the pipelines, anchors inside the cements to the steels structures and bolts inside the tanks is possible just using stud welding method. In this method an electric arc is established between pin and b MoreFast pin connecting to the steel parts to fasten cables and wires to the pipelines, anchors inside the cements to the steels structures and bolts inside the tanks is possible just using stud welding method. In this method an electric arc is established between pin and base metal, and partially melt their surfaces, then by applying a pressure, pin and base metal will be jointed. Some parameters such as surface roughness, time of electric arc, the thickness of base metal and current, affect the quality of stud welding. In this research, steel pins are connected to a steel base metal at three different surface roughness and three different current using stud welding method. Results of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) indicates that when the surface of base metal is rough, the interface of joint increases from 50 to 95 percent by increasing the current from 160 to 200 ampere. But that when the surface of base metal is smooth, the interface of joint between pin and base metal decreases from 95 to 50 percent by increasing the current from 160 to 200 ampere. Also the interface of pin and base metal solidify in martensitic form, and the results of microhardness measurement confirms the higher harness of the interface regarding base metal and pin. According to the results of tension test, the maximum strength (400 MPa) was related to the P60-200A sample. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
248 - ارزیابی خواص مکانیکی جوش های غیر مشابه فولاد زنگ نزن AISI 347 به فولاد کم آلیاژ ASTM A335
iman HAJIANNIAIn this study, the mechanical properties of dissimilar welding of austenitic stainless steel AISI 347 to low alloy steel ASTM A335 prepared by gas tungsten arc welding process using direct current electrode negative polarity have been investigated. For this purpose, two MoreIn this study, the mechanical properties of dissimilar welding of austenitic stainless steel AISI 347 to low alloy steel ASTM A335 prepared by gas tungsten arc welding process using direct current electrode negative polarity have been investigated. For this purpose, two filler metals including ER309L and ERNiCr-3 were used. In order to achieve suitable structure and excellent mechanical properties in the mentioned joints, controlling of the heat input and preheating were among the effective and controllable parameters. The microstructure of the base metals and weld metals, were evaluated using optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy was used to analyze fracture surface. Microstructural evaluations showed that a two-phase structure consisting of dendritic and inter-dendritic regions with primary austenite solidification in ERNiCr-3 weld metal, and the primary skeleton-shaped ferrite with austenitic matrix in the 309L weld metal was observed. Also mechanical properties including the bend test, ultimate strength, impact resistance and hardness were investigated. All the specimen underwent ductile fracture in HAZ in the tension test. The maximum fracture energy related to the ERNiCr-3 the welded specimen. The maximum and minimum hardness corresponded to the ERNICr-3 and ER309L, respectively. Finally, it can be calculated that for the joints, between the austenitic stainless steel AISI 347 to low alloy steel A335, the ERNICr-3 filler provided the optimum qualities. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
249 - Corrosion monitoring of sulfuric acid tank under anodic protection by electrochemical noise
احسان صائب نوری Mousa MohammadianIn this research, the tanks made of carbon steel, similar to the practical conditions and in the form of pilot, was investigated. The tank containing 98% and 72% sulfuric acid was evaluated by potentiodynamic polarization test, open circuit potentials and potentiostatic MoreIn this research, the tanks made of carbon steel, similar to the practical conditions and in the form of pilot, was investigated. The tank containing 98% and 72% sulfuric acid was evaluated by potentiodynamic polarization test, open circuit potentials and potentiostatic test. Also, electrochemical noise measurement was carried out before, during and after the anodic protection, and the results were analyzed by statistical analysis at time intervals. . By analyzing the frequency range, PSD curves were obtained and it was observed that the values of slope and current and potential skewness could be used to determine the deviation or non-deviation of the normal distribution of electrochemical noise data. It was also found that by using spectral density curves, it is possible to eliminate the negative effects of additional noise and obtain complete information about the corrosion process. Noise resistance was obtained, but the noise resistance could be applied qualitatively to determine the corrosion rate. In this study, it was concluded that the electrochemical noise method is an efficient method for studying corrosion phenomena, such as crevice corrosion and anodic protection system during protection of tanks and heat exchangers in sulfuric acid. It was found that for a mild steel tank in Sulfuric Acid 98%, during protection, the slope value of the ROLL-OFF region was 2.4 and for dilute sulfuric acid 4.4, and it was found that in this area, the anodic protection was considerably high for carbon steel so protection in the sulfuric acid solution 72% is more suitable. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
250 - The Influence of Sensitization Heat-treatment and Surface Finishing on the Properties of the SAF 2205 Duplex SS Passive Layer
Khashayar Morshed-Behbahani Mahmoud Pakshir Pooria Najafisayar Nika ZakerinIn this study, the properties of the passive layer, formed on the surface of SAF 2205 duplex stainless steels in sulphuric acid solution, were investigated. The degree of sensitization of the samples sensitized for 1 h and 5 h were evaluated using double loop electroche MoreIn this study, the properties of the passive layer, formed on the surface of SAF 2205 duplex stainless steels in sulphuric acid solution, were investigated. The degree of sensitization of the samples sensitized for 1 h and 5 h were evaluated using double loop electrochemical potentiokinetic reactivation technique (DLEPR). The results were in good agreement with those of sodium hydroxide etch tests for classification of structures of duplex stainless steels. In addition, the potentiodynamic polarization test was performed to determine the passive potential range of the solution-annealed samples sensitized samples. Cyclic polarization in anodic branch revealed the beneficial effects of having less surface roughness on the protective properties of the passive layer. Mott-Schottky method was used to evaluate the density of point defects at the surface. The results showed that those samples with finer surface roughness, less degree of sensitization and more polarization cycles have less defects (up to 44%) in their passive layers. So, the more degree of sensitization and surface roughness lead to the formation of less intact passive layer due to the formation of sigma phase and less number of microcells at the surface. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
251 - Investigating the oxidation and electrical behavior of AISI 304 steel coated with cobalt for the application of solid oxide fuel cell
Mohammad Reza Ashorzadeh Morteza Zandrahimi Hadi EbrahimifarOxidation resistance and electrical conductivity of stainless steels used as interconnects in solid oxide fuel cells can be improved by using a conductive and protective coating layer. In this study, AISI 304 austenitic stainless steel was coated in a cobalt powder base MoreOxidation resistance and electrical conductivity of stainless steels used as interconnects in solid oxide fuel cells can be improved by using a conductive and protective coating layer. In this study, AISI 304 austenitic stainless steel was coated in a cobalt powder base pack mixture. Isothermal oxidation test was used to investigate the oxidation resistance of coated and non-coated steel. Area specific resistance (ASR) was also measured as a function of oxidation time at 800 °C. Microstructure of coated and oxidized samples was studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) device. The results showed that cobalt coated samples showed better oxidation resistance than non-coated samples. The results showed that increasing the temperature would increase the area specific resistance. The cobalt coating layer also converted to CoFe2O4, Co3O4 and CoCr2O4 spinels during the isothermal oxidation process. Cobalt spinels exhibited less ASR (27.4 mΩ cm2) compared to the uncoated sample (60.5 mΩ cm2). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
252 - Measuring of temperature in steel bar using machine vision system and genetic algorithm in variable conditions
مهدی عباسقلی پور Behzad Mohammadialasti جلال الدین قضاوتیThe temperature measurement of steel bar is a significant parameter in the hot-rolled steel processing. Furthermore, measuring of steel bar temperature at real time requires an automatic intelligent electronic system such as machine vision system. In this study, a machi MoreThe temperature measurement of steel bar is a significant parameter in the hot-rolled steel processing. Furthermore, measuring of steel bar temperature at real time requires an automatic intelligent electronic system such as machine vision system. In this study, a machine vision system is proposed (designed)to provide appropriate images of the steel bar in furnace, process images based on discrimination thresholds and to extract feature (the temperature measurement of steel bar). The threshold limit value for three different temperature ranges; (1200°C -1500°C), (900°C -1200°C) and (600°C -900°C) are assumed to be 1, 2 and 3, respectively, to investigate and analyze variable lighting conditions in HSI color space using genetic algorithm (GA HSI). The performance analysis of proposed GA HSI reveals that color image segmentation by GA HSI and cluster analysis method have the same performance. Therefore, this method can overcome the effect of lighting conditions with acceptance of an error range. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
253 - Phase, microstructure characterization and hardening efficiency of SKS3 tool steel laser surface hardened by a high-power diode laser
Amirsalar Dehghani Amirreza Farnia Mohammad Javad TorkamanyIn this research, the surface hardening of SKS3 cold work tool steel has been performed by high power diode laser with a maximum power 1600 W. The applied powers of 1200 and 1450 W, the scanning speeds of 1.6 to 3 mm.s-1 and working distances of 55,, 70 and 75 mm were a MoreIn this research, the surface hardening of SKS3 cold work tool steel has been performed by high power diode laser with a maximum power 1600 W. The applied powers of 1200 and 1450 W, the scanning speeds of 1.6 to 3 mm.s-1 and working distances of 55,, 70 and 75 mm were applied as test parameters. Microstructure and phase analysis and microhardness measurement were studied by optical microscopy, electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and microhardness testing methods, respectively. The microstructure and phase analysis showed that the hardening process led to the formation of martensite and retained austenite dual-phase structure. The use of laser, created all three states of surface hardening, surface melting and non-hardening. The best result in terms of depth and width of hardening was obtained for samples with energy density of 208-250 J/mm2. The calculation of retained austenite phase percentage and heat input, indicated that an increase in the heat input raised the residual austenite percentage, so that for the sample with maximum heat input, the retained austenite phase percentage was calculated to be approximately 37%. Also, for the sample with the highest heat input (906/J/mm2), the lowest hardness was obtained (653 Vickers) and the sample with lower heat input (725 J/mm2) was owned the highest hardness (760 Vickers). Investigations of the values of hardening efficiency showed that the hardening conditions are not improved only by increasing the laser energy density, but to obtain highest hardness and appropriate microstructure, the optimum amount of power and scanning speed is needed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
254 - Effects of Heat Treatment on the Microstructure, Mechanical Properties and Corrosion Behavior of 2209 Duplex Stainless Steel Parts Manufactured By Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing Process
Ali A. Molazadeh Kashkouie Mahmood Sharifitabar Mahdi Shafiee AfaraniThe present study deals with the fabrication and investigation of structure, microstructure, mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of 2209 duplex stainless steel parts made by wire arc additive manufacturing method. The formation of ferrite and austenite phases MoreThe present study deals with the fabrication and investigation of structure, microstructure, mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of 2209 duplex stainless steel parts made by wire arc additive manufacturing method. The formation of ferrite and austenite phases was confirmed by XRD analysis. There was a non-uniform distribution of ferrite and austenite phases in the microstructure of the as-welded microstructure. The tensile and Vickers microhardness tests were employed to evaluate mechanical properties. The results showed that the mean values of yield and tensile strengths were respectively 2.7 and 5.5% higher and the elongation was 4.5% lower in the welding direction than the building direction. Post-processing heat treatment at 1000 °C for 30 min led to the grain refinement of the alloy, the formation of equiaxed microstructure, increase in the austenite volume fraction, and increasing the mean hardness from 318 to 376 HV. The fractography of the tensile test specimens revealed the ductile fracture mode in all samples. Corrosion test results showed that the heat treatment improved the corrosion resistance of the alloy. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
255 - Evolution of the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Friction Stir Welded Ferrite-Martensite DP700 Dual Phase Steel
Mahdi Mahmoudiniya Amir Hossein Kokabi Massoud goodarziIn present research, the effect of tool transverse speed on the microstructure and mechanical properties of friction stir welded DP700 dual-phase steel has been studied. Welding process conducted at a rotational speed of 800 rpm and tool transverse speeds of 50 and 100 MoreIn present research, the effect of tool transverse speed on the microstructure and mechanical properties of friction stir welded DP700 dual-phase steel has been studied. Welding process conducted at a rotational speed of 800 rpm and tool transverse speeds of 50 and 100 mm/min. Optical and scanning electron microscopy were used for microstructural examinations, and mechanical properties were evaluated using microhardness measurements and tensile test. Microstructural investigation revealed that the stir zone consists of bainite, acicular ferrite and polygonal ferrite. It was also revealed that the heat-affected zone (HAZ), based on the peak temperature (Tp), can be subdivided into three different regions: 1) inner HAZ, where Tp is higher than Ac3, 2) Middle HAZ, where Tp lies between Ac1 and Ac3, 3) Outer HAZ in which Tp is lower than Ac1. It was also found that the martensite phase tempers in OHAZ and the degree of tempering decreases with the increment of tool transverse speed. This results confirmed by microhardness measurements where the hardness reduction of the softened zone decreased from 28 to 20HV with an increment of tool transverse speed. The highest hardness of the joints corresponded to the stir zone, and its value increased from 345 to 375HV with rising tool transverse speed. Tensile test results showed that the ultimate strength of the joints was lower than the base metal (723MPa) and it increases from 662 to 671MPa with rising tool transverse speed. It was also revealed that increasing transverse speed improves the total elongation by 2.6%. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
256 - An Investigation of the Simultaneous Effect of Shot Peening and Baking on the Tensile Behavior of 50crv4 Alloy Steel
Malihe Ghasemzade Hamid NazemiIn this paper, 50CrV4 steel wire with a diameter of 4 mm were subjected to pure Zn electroplating. The effect of shot peening before and baking after electroplating on tensile performance of steel was investigated. Bombardment was done before plating for 20 minutes with MoreIn this paper, 50CrV4 steel wire with a diameter of 4 mm were subjected to pure Zn electroplating. The effect of shot peening before and baking after electroplating on tensile performance of steel was investigated. Bombardment was done before plating for 20 minutes with shots 0.5 mm and 58 RC. Baking was performeIn this paper, 50CrV4 steel wire with a diameter of 4 mm were subjected to pure Zn electroplating. The effect of shot peening before and baking after electroplating on tensile performance of steel was investigated. Bombardment was done before plating for 20 minutes with shots 0.5 mm and 58 RC. Baking was performed after plating for 24 hours at 200°C. Finally, the samples were subjected to slow strain rate test, microhardness test and SEM imaging. The results showed that the effect of baking on improving the mechanical life of the sample under tension alone is greater than the shot peening. The mean time to failure of plated and baked samples was 2.5 hours, but for shot and plated samples was 2.1 hours. The simultaneous effect of pre-plating shot peening and post-plating baking led to further improvement of the tensile performance of the wire and the mean failure time reached 3.55 hours in the slow strain rate test. The embrittlement susceptibility index is now reduced from 0.76 for only plated samples to 0.13 for shot peened and baked samples, which shows a very good improvement. The effect of shot peening on the tensile properties of steel can be attributed to the formation of a residual compressive stress layer on the substrate surface, which leads to a reduction in the growth rate of microcracks due to tensile stresses under working conditions. The results also showed that due to the baking, continuous microcracks are created in the coating / substrate interface, which provide suitable paths for hydrogen to leave the substrate. after plating for 24 hours at 200°C. Finally, the samples were subjected to slow strain rate test, microhardness test and SEM imaging. The results showed that the effect of baking on improving the mechanical life of the sample under tension alone is greater than the shot peening. The mean time to failure of plated and baked samples was 2.5 hours, but for shot and plated samples was 2.1 hours. The simultaneous effect of pre-plating shot peening and post-plating baking led to further improvement of the tensile performance of the wire and the mean failure time reached 3.55 hours in the slow strain rate test. The embrittlement susceptibility index is now reduced from 0.76 for only plated samples to 0.13 for shot peened and baked samples, which shows a very good improvement. The effect of shot peening on the tensile properties of steel can be attributed to the formation of a residual compressive stress layer on the substrate surface, which leads to a reduction in the growth rate of microcracks due to tensile stresses under working conditions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
257 - Investigation of the Intergranular Corrosion Behavior of UNS S42000 Martensitic Stainless Steels Using Potentiodynamic Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy
Khashayar Morshed-Behbahani Pooria Najafisayar Mahmoud Pakshir Nika ZakerinIn this research, UNS S42000 martensitic stainless steel (SS) samples were subjected to tempering heat treatment at constant temperature of 550 oC for different time duration, ranging between 0.5 and 24 h, so as to assess the intergranular corrosion (IGC) behavior of th MoreIn this research, UNS S42000 martensitic stainless steel (SS) samples were subjected to tempering heat treatment at constant temperature of 550 oC for different time duration, ranging between 0.5 and 24 h, so as to assess the intergranular corrosion (IGC) behavior of the alloy. The microstructural characteristics and electrochemical properties of the alloys were evaluated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and anodic polarization method, respectively. The localized attack of the samples was investigated by potentiodynamic electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (PD-EIS) in the transpassive potential region. The results indicated that tempering up to 2 h would be followed by severe intergranular attack at martensite lath interfaces; however, the effect of tempering on corrosion performance of the alloys would be suppressed at prolonged tempering due to desensitization. Moreover, the PD-EIS results revealed that the charge transfer resistance (Rct) values of specimens at 1.10 V can be employed as a primary criterion in order to assess the localized attack of the martensitic SS. In this regard, the lower the Rct value at this DC bias potential, the lower the corrosion resistance to the IGC. These results were in good agreement with the SEM morphologies from the surfaces of corroded samples, indicating uniform corrosion, severe attack and desensitization for samples experiencing no-tempering, short tempering time and prolonged tempering, respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
258 - Correlation of Microstructure with Mechanical Behavior of HSLA-100 Weld Metal Produced By GTAW Method
Mahyar Darivandpour Reza Dehmolaei Khalil RanjbarIn this study, welding of high strength low alloy steel, HSLA-100 was performed using three fillers metals, cut from base metal (HSLA-100), ER100S-G and ER120S-G by GTAW procedure. Microstructural studies were conducted using optical and scanning electron microscopes. T MoreIn this study, welding of high strength low alloy steel, HSLA-100 was performed using three fillers metals, cut from base metal (HSLA-100), ER100S-G and ER120S-G by GTAW procedure. Microstructural studies were conducted using optical and scanning electron microscopes. Tensile, impact and hardness tests were also used to evaluate the mechanical properties of the joint. The results showed that the microstructure of HSLA-100 weld metal included granular bainite and polygonal ferrite, ER100S-G weld metal consisted of acicular, Widmannstatten and grain boundary ferrites and ER120S-G weld metal comprised of acicular, polygonal and quasi-polygonal ferrites. Furthermore, the formation of a secondary phase (constituent) of martensite / austenite (M / A) was observed in the microstructure of all weld metals. The predominant form of this phase in HSLA-100 and ER100S-G weld metals was blocky type and formed along the prior austenite grain boundries and in ER120S-G weld metal was in the form of stringer type. The results of mechanical tests demonstrated that among weld metals, ER120S-G weld metal had the highest tensile strength (859 MPa), percent elongation (22%), impact toughness (45 joule) and hardness (294.7 HV30). whilst, the ER100S-G weld metal had the lowest tensile strength (775 MPa) and hardness (268.4 HV30) and the HSLA-100 weld metal had the lowest impact toughness (25 Joule). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
259 - Effect of Protective Behaviour of Biofilm Formed By the Anaerobic Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria on the Corrosion Resistance of the API X42 Microalloyed Steel
mojtaba Baghalzadeh Khalilollah Gheisari Hossien MotamediIn this study, the protective behavior of the biofilm produced on the surface of the API X42 micro-alloyed pipeline steel by the bacterium clostridium sp. as an anaerobic sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) is evaluated in a saline simulated soil solution in comparison MoreIn this study, the protective behavior of the biofilm produced on the surface of the API X42 micro-alloyed pipeline steel by the bacterium clostridium sp. as an anaerobic sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) is evaluated in a saline simulated soil solution in comparison with the sterile medium. Microstructure and surface morphology was examined by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) coupled with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). Corrosion properties were investigated using linear polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The results approve the formation of a biofilm consisting of bacterial cells, extracellular polymeric substance (EPS), and corrosion products. In this relatively dense biofilm, semiconductive iron sulfide which is destructive to the corrosion behavior of biofilm is not observed. In addition, the biofilm produced on the metal surface at immersion time of 21 days in the bacterial inoculated medium improves polarization resistance to 7330 Ω.cm2, while at this time the polarization resistance of the protective corrosion products layer created in the sterile condition is about 1421 Ω.cm2. This comparison shows a 5-fold improvement in corrosion resistance as a result of the biofilm's protective behavior. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
260 - Finite element simulation of the effect of the second pulse current on temperature distribution and nugget size in resistance spot welding of TRIP1100 steel
Hamid Ashrafi Iman HajianniaIn this study, simulation of the effect of the second pulse current on temperature distribution and nugget size of TRIP1100 steel during resistant spot welding was performed by finite element method. Then, the effect of the second pulse current on the weld nugget size, MoreIn this study, simulation of the effect of the second pulse current on temperature distribution and nugget size of TRIP1100 steel during resistant spot welding was performed by finite element method. Then, the effect of the second pulse current on the weld nugget size, weld nugget microstructure and mechanical properties of the resistant spot welds of the above-mentioned steel was experimentally investigated. Temperature distribution, weld nugget dimensions and heating and cooling cycles during resistant spot welding were predicted by simulation. Based on the simulated thermal cycles and continuous cooling transformation diagram of the TRIP1100 steel, a fully martensitic microstructure was predicted for the weld nugget in all currents. A good agreement was obtained between the simulated and experimental results. It was observed that the nugget diameter logarithmically increases with increasing the second pulse current. Furthermore, the microstructure of weld nugget in all samples was fully martensitic. Assessment of the mechanical properties of the welded samples by shear tension test demonstrated that the maximum load increases with increasing the weld nugget diameter. Nevertheless, the fracture energy decreased with increasing the nugget diameter. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
261 - Comparison of the effect of thermal cycles on phase transformation and structure in the heat-affected zone of pipeline steel welding
Gholamreza KhalajIn this research, X70 (API 5L grade X70)microalloyed steel of oil and gas transmission pipeline was used. In order to draw the temperature-time-transformation diagram, the classical heating and cooling thermal cycle was used. Analysis of the thermal cycles of the heat-a MoreIn this research, X70 (API 5L grade X70)microalloyed steel of oil and gas transmission pipeline was used. In order to draw the temperature-time-transformation diagram, the classical heating and cooling thermal cycle was used. Analysis of the thermal cycles of the heat-affected zone was done based on practical conditions and a dilatometry device was used for simulation. By applying thermal cycles with peak temperatures of 950, 1150 and 1350 °C, the transformation behavior and microscopic structure of different heat-affected areas were studied. Analyzing the results of dilatometry, the kinetics of austenite formation (at different heating rates from 5 to 350 °C/s) and the kinetics of austenite decomposition (in two cases of constant austenite grain size with variable cooling and variable austenite grain size and constant cooling) were investigated. Modeling of austenite transformation was done using modified JMAK equation. It was observed that the “n” parameter does not have much dependence on temperature and is considered constant. The “k” parameter strongly depends on temperature, transformation amount and austenite grain size. Using the modified JMAK, a relationship was created that includes all these variables. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
262 - بررسی تاثیر عملیات حرارتی بر خواص ریزساختاری ورق سه لایه آلومینیوم منیزیم- آلومینیوم خالص- فولاد زنگ نزن
داوود میراحمدی ابوالفضل غلام زادهفلزات روکشی، مواد فلزی دو یا چند لایه ای می باشند. امروزه فلزات روکشی به طور گسترده در صنعت کاربرد دارند. این ورق ها راهحل های موثری در عملکرد یا صرفه جویی هزینه و یا هر دو ایجاد می کنند. عملکرد فلزات روکشی بنا به کاربردهایشان به کاربردهای ساختمانی، تنظیمات انبساط حرار Moreفلزات روکشی، مواد فلزی دو یا چند لایه ای می باشند. امروزه فلزات روکشی به طور گسترده در صنعت کاربرد دارند. این ورق ها راهحل های موثری در عملکرد یا صرفه جویی هزینه و یا هر دو ایجاد می کنند. عملکرد فلزات روکشی بنا به کاربردهایشان به کاربردهای ساختمانی، تنظیمات انبساط حرارتی، کنترل های ترمومکانیکی (ترموستات)، الکتریکی، مغناطیسی، مقاوم به خوردگی، اتصال دهی و تزیینی تقسیم می شود. در هر گروه عملکردی، ممکن است چندین سیستم فلز روکشی حضور داشته باشد.در پژوهش حاضر با استفاده از فرآیند اتصال نوردی، ورق سه لایه آلومینیوم منیزیم- آلومینیوم خالص- فولاد زنگ نزن تولید شد. استحکام پیوند در حالت های مختلف با استفاده از آزمون کشش بررسی شد و با تحلیل تصاویر میکروسکوپ نوری استریو و میکروسکوپ الکترونی روبشی(FE-SEM)، کیفیت پیوند مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. از سطح مقطع پیوند در شرایط مختلف نمونه های نورد شده و آنیل شده عکس برداری گردید. به منظور تعیین بهترین شرایط تولید ورق چند لایه، اثر پارامتر های فرآیند اتصال نوردی مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. تغییرات خواص مکانیکی در حالت های مختلف توسط آزمون کشش طبق استاندارد مجازASTM E8M انجام گردید. بررسی ها نشان داد که با آنیل نمونه ها در دماهای بالای 375 درجه سانتیگراد برای آلومینیوم، استحکام پیوند افزایش قابل توجهی نسبت به نمونه های نورد شده داشته است. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
263 - مدل سازی تحلیلی و عددی پرتابه های فرسایشی در اهداف تقویت شده بتنی به الیاف فولادی
مهدی هدایتیان خداداد وواحدی در این مقاله به ارائه یک مدل تحلیلی فرآیند نفوذ پرتابه های فرسایشی در بتن تقویت شده به الیاف فولادی پرداخته شده است. نوآوری مدل تحلیلی ارائه شده در آن است که تاثیر طول به قطر الیاف فولادی و نسبت طول به قطر پرتابه و همچنین درصد حجمی الیاف استفاده شده در مات More در این مقاله به ارائه یک مدل تحلیلی فرآیند نفوذ پرتابه های فرسایشی در بتن تقویت شده به الیاف فولادی پرداخته شده است. نوآوری مدل تحلیلی ارائه شده در آن است که تاثیر طول به قطر الیاف فولادی و نسبت طول به قطر پرتابه و همچنین درصد حجمی الیاف استفاده شده در ماتریس بتن بر روی مقاومت ضربه ای بتن الیافی در سرعت های بالا مورد توجه قرار گرفته است.در شبیه سازی عددی از کد صریح و غیر خطی ال اس داینا استفاده شده است. پرتابه ها با سرعت 2500 متر بر ثانیه با جرم تقریبی 45 گرم و با سر نفوذگر نیم کروی، تخت و اجایو در بتن مسلح به الیاف فولادی با درصد های حجمی 1، 5/1 و 2 درصد نفوذ میکنند. پس از صحت سنجی مدل تحلیلی نفوذ با فرآیند شبیه سازی و کار آزمایشگاهی، نتایج نشان میدهد که پرتابه های با سر نفوذگر اجایو که فاکتور تیزی سر پرتابه پایینی دارد با سرعت باقیمانده بیشتری از اهداف خارج میشود و کارآیی آنها در نفوذ بهتر میباشد. به عبارت دیگر با افزایش نسبت طول به قطر پرتابه از 5/0 به 9/0، برای پرتابه هایی به ترتیب به شکل تخت، نیم کروی و اجایو، سرعت باقی مانده افزایش می یابد. همچنین با افزایش درصد حجمی الیاف فولادی در ماتریس بتن میزان تخریب سطح ناحیه رویی و زیرین بتن الیافی کاهش مییابد. مدل تحلیلی ارائه شده در فرآیند تغییرات سرعت پرتابه در حین نفوذ داخل بتن تقویت شده به الیاف فولادی از دستاوردهای مهم این تحقیق محسوب میشود. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
264 - ساخت کالکتور خورشیدی متمرکز کننده سهموی خطی و پیش بینی عملکرد آن
محمود تاجیهدف از انجام این تحقیق ساخت و پیش بینی عملکرد کالکتور خورشیدی متمرکزکننده است که طرح کلی آن همانند طرحهای رایج این نوع کالکتور بوده، ولی سطح منعکس کننده بجای آینه از ورق نازک فولاد آینه ای است. برای ساخت ابتدا سازه اصلی نگهدارنده با اتصال موازی سازه های پیش ساخته ⩝ شکل Moreهدف از انجام این تحقیق ساخت و پیش بینی عملکرد کالکتور خورشیدی متمرکزکننده است که طرح کلی آن همانند طرحهای رایج این نوع کالکتور بوده، ولی سطح منعکس کننده بجای آینه از ورق نازک فولاد آینه ای است. برای ساخت ابتدا سازه اصلی نگهدارنده با اتصال موازی سازه های پیش ساخته ⩝ شکل صفحه ای ساخته شد و یک کمان سهمی شکل تفلنی بعنوان تکیه گاه سطح منعکس کننده در دهانه هر سازه نصب گردید. سپس ورق فولادی در دهانه سازه اصلی به شکل سهمیگون مونتاژ شد. بقیه قسمتها مشابه روشهای مرسوم ساخته و مونتاژگردید.برای پیش بینی عملکرد، پس از تعیین رابطه راندمان بصورت تابعی از زاویه اصابت تابش خورشید برمبنای تئوریهای این نوع کالکتور، راندمان و نرخ خالص جذب گرما به کمک نرم افزار متلب وبرنامه نویسی در محیط ان محاسبه و برحسب زمان ظاهری خورشید در چند روز سال رسم گردید. نتایج نشان داد اگر تابش خورشید به امتداد عمود برافق نزدیک باشد، راندمان از50% در صبح تا 60% درظهر افزایش یافته و بعدازظهرتا عصر به 50% کاهش میابد. در غیراینصورت راندمان از 60% در صبح به50% درظهر کاهش یافته و مجددا" تا 60% در عصر افزایش میابد. نرخ خالص جذب گرما (w/m2) هر دو حالت در ظهر حداکثر(450-550 ) و در صبح و عصر حداقل (400-450) بود.گرچه راندمان کالکتور ساخته شده با راندمان کالکتورهای معمول تفاوت چندانی ندارد، اما زمان و هزینه کمتر برای مونتاژ آن و کیفیت بالاتر شکل هندسی و دوام بیشتر سطح منکس کننده درمقایسه با کالکتورهای معمول قابل ملاحظه است. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
265 - بهینه سازی پارامترهای جوشکاری قوس تنگستن گاز پالسی در اتصال غیرمشابه مونل۴۰۰ و فولاد زنگ نزن آستنیتیL۳۱۶
علی خلیلی مسعود کثیری عسگرانی مرتضی شمعانیاندر این مقاله بهینه سازی پارامترهای جوشکاری قوس تنگستن-گاز پالسی از جمله جریان پالس، جریان زمینه، فرکانس پالس و کسر زمان روشن بودن پالس در اتصال غیرمشابه فولاد زنگ نزن آستنیتی AISI 316L و سوپر آلیاژ پایه نیکل مونل۴۰۰ با استفاده از فلز پر کننده ERNiCr3، ارزیابی شد. جهت بد Moreدر این مقاله بهینه سازی پارامترهای جوشکاری قوس تنگستن-گاز پالسی از جمله جریان پالس، جریان زمینه، فرکانس پالس و کسر زمان روشن بودن پالس در اتصال غیرمشابه فولاد زنگ نزن آستنیتی AISI 316L و سوپر آلیاژ پایه نیکل مونل۴۰۰ با استفاده از فلز پر کننده ERNiCr3، ارزیابی شد. جهت بدست آوردن شرایط بهینه از روش طراحی آزمایش تاگوچی، آرایه L9، استفاده گردید. برروی نمونه های جوشکاری شده آزمون های خواص مکانیکی انجام و سپس آنالیز واریانس انجام گرفت. با پیش بینی شرایط بهینه، نمونه پیشنهادی مورد آزمایش واقع گردید و نتایج آزمایشهای آن با نتایج حاصل از آزمایش بر روی نمونه بهینه طراحی شده مطابقت نشان داد. پارامترهای بهینه قوس تنگستن گاز پالسی در این اتصال، جریان پالس ۱۴۰ آمپر، جریان زمینه ۶۰ آمپر، فرکانس پالس ۳ هرتز و کسر زمان روشن بودن پالس ۵۰ درصد می باشد. نمونه ی بهینه طراحی شده با نمونه پیشنهادی تاگوچی در حدود۷/۹۸ درصد همخوانی دارند. جریان پالس با درصد۴/۲۳و فرکانس پالس با درصد ۲/۲۸به عنوان تاثیرگذارترین پارامترها شناسایی شدند. خواص مکانیکی، شامل آزمایش های خمش، کششی، سختی سنجی بررسی شد. در طی اعمال آزمایش کشش بر روی نمونه ها،شکست از سمت فلز پایه مونل ۴۰۰ اتفاق افتاد که از نوع شکست نرم می باشد. بنابراین استحکام فلز جوش تایید کننده آزمونهای کشش و خمش می باشد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
266 - بهینه سازی پارامترهای جوشکاری فولاد کمکربن EN 10130 به روش جوشکاری اصطکاکی-اغتشاشی
اکبر علیمحمدی مسعود کثیری مسعود افرند حسین نوروزی فروشانیفرایند جوشکاری اصطکاکی-اغتشاشی یک روش نو و جدید جوشکاری حالت جامد است که در اثر اصطکاک بین پین و شولدر و قطعه کار، تولید حرارت می کند. این حرارت باعث ایجاد یک منطقه خمیری شکل میشود. نیروی فشار از طرف شولدر و چرخش پین و ادغام لبه های اتصال سبب انجام جوشکاری میشود. در ا Moreفرایند جوشکاری اصطکاکی-اغتشاشی یک روش نو و جدید جوشکاری حالت جامد است که در اثر اصطکاک بین پین و شولدر و قطعه کار، تولید حرارت می کند. این حرارت باعث ایجاد یک منطقه خمیری شکل میشود. نیروی فشار از طرف شولدر و چرخش پین و ادغام لبه های اتصال سبب انجام جوشکاری میشود. در این پژوهش ابتدا به بررسی جوش پذیری ورق فولادی EN10130 با ضخامت 5/1 میلیمتر پرداخته شد و پارامترهای سرعت دورانی، سرعت پیش روی ابزار، قطر پین و شولدر، توسط 58 عدد آزمایش مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است. پس از ایجاد جوشهایی بدون عیب، بازه 500 تا 1000 دور بردقیقه برای سرعت دورانی و بازه 30 تا 160 میلیمتر بر دقیقه برای سرعت خطی بترتیب به عنوان سطوح بالا و پایین مناسبی برای این پارامترها انتخاب شدهاند. برای دستیابی به بیشترین استحکام کششی، تعداد 29 آزمایش با توجه به سطوح معین شده پارامترها، از روش باکس بنکن طراحی شده، سپس متدولوژی سطح پاسخ برای بهینهسازی پارامترها مورد استفاده قرار گرفته است. نتایج بهینهسازی و شرایط آزمایشگاهی همخوانی خوبی داشتند که این نتیجه، نشان دهنده کفایت مدل طراحی آزمایشها و نتایج پیشبینی بهینهسازی است. آزمایشهای ریز سختی سنجی، متالوگرافی و تست کشش نرمال صورت گرفته روی 3 سری از ورقهای تولید شده با مناسبترین استحکام کششی و ازدیاد طول، منطقه متأثر از حرارت ورق های سمت پیشرونده را ضعیفتر از بقیه موضع جوش معرفی کردند Manuscript profile -
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267 - The Effect of Heat Treatment on Springing of AISI301
Majid Karimian Ehsan Nourouzi Esfahani Mohammad Bagherboom -
Open Access Article
268 - Experimental Study of the Effect of Laser-Cutting Process Parameters on Heat Distribution and Cutting Edge Quality of Steel Sheets
Mahsa Mokhtarian Azam Gasemi -
Open Access Article
269 - Investigating on process variables effect of AISI 304 stainless steel machining using minimum quantity lubricant on cutting force
Mohammad Ali Safataj Sayed Ehsan Mirmohammadsadeghi Reza Abedinzadeh -
Open Access Article
270 - Specifying the allowed remained bottom thickness after milling in CNG steel cylinders by FEM analysis and experimentation
Mojtaba Esmailian Mohsen Shahmoradi Kamran Karimzadeh -
Open Access Article
271 - بررسی تجربی و عددی طراحـی پیش فرم در کشش عمیق چند مرحله ای ورق های نازک فولادی استحکام بالا
اکبر زمانی علیشاه مهدی تاجداری جعفر اسکندری جم جمال صیدیدر این مقاله نتایج حاصل از آزمایش تجربی فرآیند کشش عمیق در تولید یک استوانه­ی سرکروی از جنس نوعی فولاد استحکام بالا با نتایج شبیه­سازی آن و سه نوع طراحی پیش­فرم پیشنهادی (ارائه شده) مقـایسه گردید، تا ضمن سنجش میزان صـحت نتـایج و دقت نرم­افـزار اجزاء محدو Moreدر این مقاله نتایج حاصل از آزمایش تجربی فرآیند کشش عمیق در تولید یک استوانه­ی سرکروی از جنس نوعی فولاد استحکام بالا با نتایج شبیه­سازی آن و سه نوع طراحی پیش­فرم پیشنهادی (ارائه شده) مقـایسه گردید، تا ضمن سنجش میزان صـحت نتـایج و دقت نرم­افـزار اجزاء محدود در پیش­بینی فرآیند کشش­عمیق چند مرحله­ای در ورق­های نازک فولادی استحکام بالا ، مقادیر نسـبت کشـش­حـدی مـراحل مختلف کشش و بازکشش آزمون تجربی نیز بهبود یابند. برای شبیه­سازی، از نرم­افزار اجزاء ­محدود آباکوس نسخه 3-9-6 استفاده گردید. در این تحقیق، ماده­اولیه، یک لوح دایروی از ورق فولادی 4130- AISI آنیل شـده با ضخامت mm 2 می­باشـد که در بررسی تجربی طی یک مرحله کشش، سه مرحله بازکشش و دو مرحله عملیات حرارتی آنیل به استوانه­ای با سر کروی تبدیل شد. برای معرفی خواص مکانیکی این فولاد آزمایش کشش تک محوری انجام و از نتایج آن استفاده گردید. مقایسه نتایج توزیع ضخامت در نرم­افزار اجزاء ­محدود با ضخامت‎های اندازه­گیری شده در پیرامون قطعات تولیدی در مراحل مختلف کشش و بازکشش صورت گرفت و از دقت خوبی برخوردار بود (حدوداً 55/2 درصد خطا) و بر همین اساس طراحی­های پیشنهادی نیز شبیه­سازی شد تا ویژگی‎های مناسب­ترین طرح معرفی گردد Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
272 - بررسی عددی و تجربی تنش پسماند و استحکام خستگی فولاد CK35 در فرآیند ساچمه زنی
مهدی تاجداری حمیدرضا بهاروندی علیرضا مرادخانیساچمه زنی نوعی بمباران سطحی قطعه کار توسط هزاران ساچمه است که به ایجاد تنش پسماند فشاری در سطح قطعه کار می­­انجامد و به منظور بهبود خواص مکانیکی همچون خستگی، مقاومت در برابر خوردگی تنشی، صاف کردن شکل دهی و... انجام می­­گیرد. در این پژوهش نمونه­­ه Moreساچمه زنی نوعی بمباران سطحی قطعه کار توسط هزاران ساچمه است که به ایجاد تنش پسماند فشاری در سطح قطعه کار می­­انجامد و به منظور بهبود خواص مکانیکی همچون خستگی، مقاومت در برابر خوردگی تنشی، صاف کردن شکل دهی و... انجام می­­گیرد. در این پژوهش نمونه­­هایی از فولاد CK35 مورد عملیات ساچمه زنی با سرعت برخورد m/s 100 و m/s200 ساچمه­­های استاندارد S230 قرار گرفتند و استحکام خستگی آن­ها با نمونه­­های فاقد ساچمه زنی مورد مقایسه قرار گرفت. همچنین تغییر عمق نفوذ ساچمه­­ها در نمونه­­ها توسط نرم افزار ANSYS محاسبه گردید و با نتایج تجربی مقایسه شد. نتایج حاصل، افزایش قابل توجه استحکام خستگی را دربرداشت. این مقادیر برای برخورد ساچمه­ها با سرعت m/s100، 25% افزایش در استحکام خستگی و بیش از MPa 250 تنش پسماند ایجاد شده در سطح کار و برای برخورد ساچمه­­ها با سرعت m/s200، 40% افزایش در استحکام خستگی و بیش از MPa 300 تنش پسماند در سطح کار بهدست آمد. همچنین میزان تنش ایجاد شده در ساچمه­­ها دو برابر تنش پسماند القاء شده نسیت به سطح کار حاصل شد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
273 - بررسی عددی و تجربی برگشت فنری در خمش U شکل ورقهایی از جنس فولاد DP600
محمد شفیعی علویجه حسین ترابیان حسین امیرآبادییکی از مهمترین محدودیتها در شکلدهی مطلوب ورقهای فلزی، پدیده بازیابی کشسان در طول باربرداری است که به برگشت فنری و انحنای دیواره جانبی منجر میشود. بنابراین پیشبینی برگشت فنری و انحنای دیواره جانبی برای تولید محصولات دقیق ضروری است. در این تحقیق، تأثیر نیروی ورقگیر، Moreیکی از مهمترین محدودیتها در شکلدهی مطلوب ورقهای فلزی، پدیده بازیابی کشسان در طول باربرداری است که به برگشت فنری و انحنای دیواره جانبی منجر میشود. بنابراین پیشبینی برگشت فنری و انحنای دیواره جانبی برای تولید محصولات دقیق ضروری است. در این تحقیق، تأثیر نیروی ورقگیر، ضریب اصطکاک، ضخامت و استحکام تسلیم ورق بر مقادیر برگشت فنری و شعاع انحنای دیواره جانبی در فرایند خمکاری U شکل ورقهایی از جنس فولاد DP600 مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است. برای بررسی این عوامل از نرمافزار اجزای محدود آباکوس استفاده شده و نتایج حاصل از این نرمافزار با نتایج آزمایشگاهی مورد مقایسه قرار گرفتهاند. نتایج آزمایشگاهی، نتایج شبیهسازی اجزای محدود را تصدیق میکنند. پس از حصول اطمینان از صحت روش تحلیل اجزای محدود، بهوسیله آزمایشهای تجربی، روش تحلیل اجزای محدود با نرمافزار آباکوس بهعنوان ابزاری قدرتمند، سریع و مؤثر جهت انجام بررسی بعضی پارامترهای مهم فرایند خمکاری U شکل ورق، مانند نیروی ورقگیر، ضریب اصطکاک، ضخامت و استحکام تسلیم ورق، معرفی میشود. در نهایت با استفاده از نرمافزار مینی تب که یک نرمافزار آماری است، نتایج شبیهسازی اجزای محدود تجزیه و تحلیل شده و معادلاتی برای پیشبینی مقادیر برگشت فنری و شعاع انحنای دیواره جانبی با استفاده از مقادیر ضریب اصطکاک، نیروی ورقگیر، ضخامت و استحکام تسلیم ورق آمده است. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
274 - استفاده از روش غیرمخرب فراصوتی برای پیشبینی خواص مکانیکی فولاد AISI 4140
محمد حمیدنیا فرهنگ هنروردستیافتن به خواص مکانیکی فولادها پس از پروسههای مختلف ساخت و عملیات حرارتی، امری ضروری و مهم است. در صنایع گوناگون معمولاً بعد از نمونهسازیهای مشخص و استاندارد، به کمک روشهای مخرب این خواص را بهدست میآورند که این امر باعث اتلاف هزینه و زمان زیادی میشود. علاوه بر Moreدستیافتن به خواص مکانیکی فولادها پس از پروسههای مختلف ساخت و عملیات حرارتی، امری ضروری و مهم است. در صنایع گوناگون معمولاً بعد از نمونهسازیهای مشخص و استاندارد، به کمک روشهای مخرب این خواص را بهدست میآورند که این امر باعث اتلاف هزینه و زمان زیادی میشود. علاوه بر این، روشهای مخرب قادر به تشخیص تغییرات جزیی خواص مکانیکی در حین عملیات حرارتی نیستند. در این مقاله، برای بهدست آوردن خواص مکانیکی فولادAISI 4140 با دقت بالا از روش غیرمخرب فراصوتی استفاده شده است. برای این منظور، نمونههایی از این فولاد ساخته شده و با اعمال فرایندهای مختلف عملیات حرارتی، ساختارهایی با دانهبندی و سختیهای مختلف ایجاد شده است. برای پیشبینی خواص مکانیکی از جمله مدول الاستیسیته، مدول برشی، ضریب پواسون و مدول حجمی در این میکروساختارها، سرعت موج طولی و عرضی توسط آزمون فراصوتی اندازهگیری شده است. برای شناسایی عوامل خطا و تعیین دقت روش اندازهگیری مورد استفاده، تحلیل عدم قطعیت نیز صورت گرفته است. مقایسه نتایج به دست آمده از آزمایشها با دادههای موجود در مراجع مختلف نشان میدهد با روش غیرمخرب فراصوتی میتوان خواص مکانیکی نمونه های AISI 4140 را با دقت بسیار بالایی بهدست آورد. محاسبه خواص مکانیکی نمونههای مختلف فولادAISI 4140 میدهند که این خواص در سختترین ساختار بیشترین مقدار و با کاهش سختی، این خواص نیز کاهش مییابند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
275 - بررسی اثرات ماشینکاری EDM برریزساختار سطح درفولاد CK45
سینا عابدپور اسماعیل جعفری احمد افسری سعید حدیدی مودماشینکاری به روش تخلیه الکتریکی(EDM) برای براده برداری فلزات و مواد رسانای الکتریکی با سختی بالا و همچنین برای ماشینکاری قطعاتی با فرم های پیچیده کاربرد دارد. این ویژگیها سبب شده تا این روش ماشینکاری برای ساخت قالبهای کوبشی، به روشی مقرون به صرفه و کاربردی تبدیل Moreماشینکاری به روش تخلیه الکتریکی(EDM) برای براده برداری فلزات و مواد رسانای الکتریکی با سختی بالا و همچنین برای ماشینکاری قطعاتی با فرم های پیچیده کاربرد دارد. این ویژگیها سبب شده تا این روش ماشینکاری برای ساخت قالبهای کوبشی، به روشی مقرون به صرفه و کاربردی تبدیل شود. به دلیل ماهیت این فرایند در سطح موضع ماشینکاری تنشهای حرارتی و میکروترکها در سطح موضع ماشینکاری ایجاد میشوند. فولاد(CK45) در ساخت قالبهای کوبشی کاربرد دارد و طیف وسیعی از قالب ها از این فولاد ساخته میشوند. در این مقاله تأثیر پارامترهای ماشینکاری تخلیه الکتریکی بر روی سطح ماشینکاری شده فولاد CK45 مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفته است. به این منظور فرآیند EDM با پارامترهای مختلف، روی مجموعهای از نمونهها، انجام شده و سطح آنها توسط میکروسکوپ نوری بررسی و رابطه پارامترهای ماشینکاری با صافی سطح (Ra) و تراکم میکروترکهای سطحی به روش برازش، ارزیابی کمی شده است. هدف از این پژوهش آن است که با استفاده از نتایج حاصل بتوانیم در هنگام ماشینکاری قالب، صافی سطح و میزان میکروترکها را با توجه به پارامتر های ماشینکاری پیش بینی کنیم. در نتیجه امکان انتخاب مناسب پارامترهای ماشینکاری به منظور دستیابی به کیفیت مطلوب فراهم میشود. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
276 - Design of Fuzzy Scenario-Based Cognitive Map of Environmental Indicators of Performance Excellence Model (Case Study: Yazd Steel Industries)
omid golshan tafti seyed heidar mirfakhradini davood endelib ardakani habib zare ahmadabadiEconomic activities use and depend on natural resources, and the nature of their processes is such that they potentially pollute the environment. Therefore, environmental evaluation practices in various industries, including the steel industries, should be reviewed. The MoreEconomic activities use and depend on natural resources, and the nature of their processes is such that they potentially pollute the environment. Therefore, environmental evaluation practices in various industries, including the steel industries, should be reviewed. The purpose of this study is to identify the environmental indicators of performance excellence model of Yazd Steel Industries and design the relationships between them through fuzzy cognitive map. This study is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-survey in terms of type and data collection. At first, with the meta-synthesis approach, 40 articles were reviewed as samples and in order to identify complementary indicators, environmental activists in the steel industry were interviewed, in which 269 environmental indicators, 36 concepts and 9 categories of performance excellence model were identified. In order to collect data and examine the relationship between environmental concepts, industrial and academic experts have completed the questionnaires and with the fuzzy cognitive map technique and FCMapper and Pajek softwares, a linking model between factors and scenario making has been designed. The research findings from the designed fuzzy cognitive map show 157 relationships between 36 concepts, of which six scenarios are obtained in two ways, backward scenario and forward scenario Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
277 - Developing a strategic model based on structural equation modeling and fuzzy logic approach in supplier selection
Mohammad menatian yahya chaghoei mohamad hosan adibisadeh This study was performed in Khoozestan Steel Company for the development of a model for strategic supplier selection approaches using structural equation modeling and fuzzy logic .The purpose of this research was to design and develop a suitable model for s More This study was performed in Khoozestan Steel Company for the development of a model for strategic supplier selection approaches using structural equation modeling and fuzzy logic .The purpose of this research was to design and develop a suitable model for supplier selection using structural equation modeling and fuzzy logic approaches in the Khoozestan Steel Company. Survey was done across all employees associated with the evaluation and selection of suppliers of the steel company, which had a total of about 200 people. Sampling method of this study is sampling available. Questionnaire used as a data collection tool, and for this research two questionnaires prepared to provide two levels of selection A comprehensive approach inclusive two-level structural equation modeling and fuzzy logic approach is proposed. SPSS, Lisrel and Matlab softwares were used for data analysis. After reviewing the literature and views of the experts of Khoozestan Steel, 8 criteria have been identified including high quality, Supplier delivery performance, service standard level, the cost and pricing level, high standard of management and organization, financial status, level of technology and technical capabilities and experience in providing funding for supplier evaluation and selection. After analysis, the results of the study showed that eight specified criteria have significant impact on the choice of supplier. The findings also confirmed the fitness and suitability of the supplier selection model and determination of the relative importance of research in the first level and position options for the Khoozestan Steel Company for determination of the supplier of alloy components at the second level and confirmation of compatibility and validity of decisions and final output of the proposed model showed that the scores are calculated. The highest of the A supplier has the most importantce and highest rank, and therefore the best option for Khoozestan Steel Company for supplying the alloy components. After A supplier, the suppliers of C, D and B are next in rank respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
278 - Evaluation of the Behavior of Reinforced Concrete (RC) Beams Reinforced with FRP Bars Containing Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBFS)
Arsalan Usefi pour Leila Hosseinzade Seyedeh Mahdieh Miralami yousof zandiwas studied. Compressive, and splitting tensile strengths were used to investigate the mechanical properties of concrete containing ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) at 28 days of age. GGBFS was used in the form of weight percentages instead of cement (0, 30, Morewas studied. Compressive, and splitting tensile strengths were used to investigate the mechanical properties of concrete containing ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) at 28 days of age. GGBFS was used in the form of weight percentages instead of cement (0, 30, 40, and 50%). The results of the experiments were used to simulate the properties of concrete materials in ABAQUS software. According to the results, the compressive and splitting tensile strengths of the specimen with 30% GGBFS were 10% and 5.02% higher than those of the control specimen. Then 12 concrete beams were simulated in ABAQUS software. The effect of bar type (steel and GFRP), the ratio of longitudinal reinforcement, and the mechanical properties of concrete with and without GGBFS were investigated. The results showed that increasing the ratio of GFRP longitudinal reinforcement in beams without GGBFS caused a significant increase in the load-bearing capacity up to 21.89% and a decrease in the central displacement of the beams up to 15.10%. Also, the use of steel bars with the same ratio of longitudinal reinforcement as GFRP bars achieved better results (an increase of 29.38% in bearing capacity and a decrease of 35.15% in the central displacement of the specimens). It should be noted that the values of the bearing capacity and central displacement of the simulated specimens were compared with the corresponding values in the relations provided in the ACI 440.1R-15 guide. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
279 - Prediction of Adhesion Parameters of Hook-shaped Steel Fibers and Concrete Using Artificial Neural Networks
Amir ebrahim akbari bagalAs steel fibers are important reinforcement materials in concrete, in this study, the behavior of hook-shaped steel fibers from concrete is predicted through the use of artificial neural networks. In the absence of comprehensive laboratory data, data obtained from finit MoreAs steel fibers are important reinforcement materials in concrete, in this study, the behavior of hook-shaped steel fibers from concrete is predicted through the use of artificial neural networks. In the absence of comprehensive laboratory data, data obtained from finite element analysis was used for modeling. The simulations are carried out using ABAQUS software's finite element method in 3D. Using the concept of the transition zone of the interface, whose parameters were obtained by inverse finite element analysis and experimental tests conducted on a sample of fibers, this model has been developed to simulate the interaction between fibers and concrete. On the basis of the results of the numerical model validated against the experimental results, the effective parameters of the fibers were extracted, and a neural network was then constructed based on the results. A multilayer forward perceptron artificial neural network and back-propagation training algorithm are used to predict pull-out force, with Marquardt-Lonberg optimization applied. The results demonstrate that the neural network model presented in this research is an effective method for predicting the pull-out force of fibers from concrete, in part because it allows the use of more variables in modeling, as well as delivering more accurate results. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
280 - Effect of Bonding Time on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Transient Liquid Phase Bonding Between WC-Co/St52
Hamed Zeidabadinejad Mahdi Rafiei Iman Ebrahimzadeh Mahdi Omidi Farid NaeimiWC-Co and St52 were joined using the TLP method. The joining process was carried out at 1050 °C for different times using a BNi-2 interlayer. After the joining process, the microstructure of the bonded samples was examined using a scanning electron microscope equipped w MoreWC-Co and St52 were joined using the TLP method. The joining process was carried out at 1050 °C for different times using a BNi-2 interlayer. After the joining process, the microstructure of the bonded samples was examined using a scanning electron microscope equipped with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. X-ray diffraction analysis was also used to investigate the effects of bonding parameters on the phase transformations of the bonding region. The results of the investigations showed that in the isothermal solidification zone, the Ni-base solid solution phase was observed in all samples. Also, the η phase (Co6W6C) was formed in the diffusion affected zone of the WC-Co base material. The size of the produced zones in the bonding region depended on the time of the bonding process, and with the change in the bonding time, the size of these zones also changed. The hardness profile for all samples had the same trend and the maximum hardness was related to WC-Co base material (around 1100 HV) and the hardness in the isothermal solidification zone was about 380 HV. The maximum shear strength was related to the bonded sample at 30 min, about 320 MPa, which was due to the removal and damping of residual stresses by the isothermal solidification zone. The mode of failure in all samples was brittle-ductile. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
281 - Seismic Optimization of Steel Moment Resisting Frame Using Uniform Deformation Algorithm
Amir hassan Alizadeh Mehdi Rahimi AslThe overall aim of conducting this research is to optimize the medium steel bending frame in the level of life safety risk according to FEMA 350. For this purpose, two 3- and 5- story steel structures have been considered. These structures were designed according to AIS MoreThe overall aim of conducting this research is to optimize the medium steel bending frame in the level of life safety risk according to FEMA 350. For this purpose, two 3- and 5- story steel structures have been considered. These structures were designed according to AISC regulations and then subjected to seismic optimization using uniform deformation algorithm. The method of uniform deformations, which is one of the fast methods in optimization based on performance criteria, has been used for optimization so that the dispersion of plastic rotations created in the structural components reaches the lowest value and convinces the permissible plastic rotations at the level of life safety risk based on FEMA regulations. Opensees open-source software based on nonlinear time history method was used for modeling. The aim of optimization is to achieve appropriate performance at the risk level and performance level simultaneously. Also, the improved structure has been subjected to earthquake records with different intensities and its performance has been examined. The results indicate that in the process of using this algorithm, convergence is well-established and the use of the objective function of plastic rotations is considered one of the most suitable methods in the optimization of steel structures. Changes in the distribution of materials from structural components have been made mainly from the upper stories towards the lower stories and from the side members to the inner members of the frame. Also, the optimization in the level of life safety performance reduces the weight of both structures and leads to a reduction in their weight between 9 and 20 percent. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
282 - An Investigation on the Metal Injection through the Producing of MIM-ed Low-Alloy Steel
S. Rezaei A. AskariIn this study, we demonstrate the injection stage of Metal Injection Molding (MIM) process to fabricate a small bend-type component. This non-standard but critical engine part is made of a feedstock from the low alloy steel 4605. To optimize various injection parameters MoreIn this study, we demonstrate the injection stage of Metal Injection Molding (MIM) process to fabricate a small bend-type component. This non-standard but critical engine part is made of a feedstock from the low alloy steel 4605. To optimize various injection parameters, the five-variable Box-Behnken Design (BBD) is used with the assumption of a quadratic model, together with the statistical method of Response Surface Methodology (RSM). Samples are then fabricated, and their densities are measured. Hence, the significance of these factors as well as the mutual coupling between each two parameters are investigated using the analysis of variance (ANOVA). Finally, this paper reveals that injection temperature of 155 ◦C, the injection speed of 80 mm/s, holding pressure of 83 bar, holding time of 9 s and the injection pressure of 132 bar led to an optimum density of the green part, which becomes 4.892 g/cm3. Then, a new sample is produced using these optimized settings, and the green component density is measured, which is extremely near to the predicted value. After sintering, the optimized sample’s density and hardness are compared to the MIM-4605 standard criteria. Manuscript profile
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