Enhanced Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of A216 Steel by Friction Stir Processing

Subject Areas :

Gholamreza Khalaj ¹ , Gholamreza Ghaffari ² , Bahram Abdolmaleki ³

1 - Department of Engineering, Saveh Branch, Islamic Azad University, Saveh, Iran
2 - Arak Godazesh Company, Arak, Iran
3 - Arak Godazesh Company, Arak, Iran

Received: 2022-11-13 Accepted : 2022-12-21 Published : 2022-12-23

Keywords:

References:

[1] Sun, Y., Fujii, H. and Morisada, Y. 2020. Double-sided friction stir welding of 40 mm thick low carbon steel plates using a pcBN rotating tool. Journal of Manufacturing Processes. 50: 319-328

[2] Neville, A. and Wang, C. 2009. Erosion–corrosion of engineering steels-Can it be managed by use of chemicals? Wear. 267(11): 2018-2026.

[3] Zhao, W., Zhang, T., Wang, Y., Qiao, J. and Wang, Z. 2018. Corrosion failure mechanism of associated gas transmission pipeline. Materials. 11(10): 1935.

[4] Merah, N., Abdul Azeem, M., Abubaker, H.M., Al-Badour, F., Albinmousa, J. and Sorour., A.A. 2021. Friction Stir processing influence on microstructure, mechanical, and corrosion behavior of steels: A review. Materials. 14(17): 5023.

[5] Mohan, D.G. and Wu, C. 2021. A review on friction stir welding of steels. Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering. 34(1): 1-29.

[6] Bhardwaj, N., Ganesh Narayanan, R., Dixit, U.S. and Hashmi, M. S. J. 2019. Recent developments in friction stir welding and resulting industrial practices.  Advances in Materials and Processing Technologies. 5(3): 461-496.

[7] Akbari, M., Asadi, P. and Rahimi Asiabaraki, H. 2021. Improving the Hardness and Microstructural Properties of Piston Alloy Using the FSP Method. Journal of Modern Processes in Manufacturing and Production. 10(2): 53-62.

[8] Zykova, A. P., Tarasov, S. Y., Chumaevskiy, A. V. and Kolubaev, E. A. 2020. A review of friction stir processing of structural metallic materials: Process, properties, and methods. Metals. 10(6):772.

[9] Nandan, R. G. G. R., Roy, G. G., Lienert, T. J. and Debroy, T. 2007. Three-dimensional heat and material flow during friction stir welding of mild steel. Acta materialia. 55(3): 883-895.

[10] Wu, L.H.,  Hu, X.B., Zhang, X. X., Li, Y. Z., Ma, Z. Y. , Ma, X.L. and Xiao, B. L. 2019. Fabrication of high-quality Ti joint with ultrafine grains using submerged friction stirring technology and its microstructural evolution mechanism. Acta Materialia. 166: 371-385

[11] Cui, L., Fujii, H., Tsuji, N., Nakata, K., Nogi, K., Ikeda, R. and Matsushita, M. 2007. Transformation in stir zone of friction stir welded carbon steels with different carbon contents. ISIJ International. 47(2): 299-306.

[12] Choi, D. H., Lee, C. Y., Ahn, B. W., Choi, J. H., Yeon, Y. M., Song, K. Park, H. S., Kim, Y. J. Yoo, C. D. and Jung, S. B. 2009. Frictional wear evaluation of WC–Co alloy tool in friction stir spot welding of low carbon steel plates. International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials. 27(6):931-936.

[13] Escobar, J. D., Velásquez, E., Santos, T. F. A., Ramirez, A. J. and López, D. 2013. Improvement of cavitation erosion resistance of a duplex stainless steel through friction stir processing (FSP). Wear. 297(1-2): 998-1005.

[14] Grewal, H. S., Arora, H. S., Singh, H. and Agrawal, A. 2013. Surface modification of hydroturbine steel using friction stir processing. Applied Surface Science. 268: 547-555.

[15] Aldajah, S. H., Ajayi, O. O., Fenske, G. R. and David, S. 2009. Effect of friction stir processing on the tribological performance of high carbon steel. Wear. 267(1-4): 350-355.

[16] Chen, Y. C. and Nakata, K. 2009. Evaluation of microstructure and mechanical properties in friction stir processed SKD61 tool steel. Materials characterization. 60(12):1471-1475.

[17] Chabok, A. and Dehghani, K. 2013. Effect of processing parameters on the mechanical properties of interstitial free steel subjected to friction stir processing. Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance. 22(5):1324-1330.

[18] Mehranfar, M. and Dehghani, K. 2011. Producing nanostructured super-austenitic steels by friction stir processing. Materials Science and Engineering: A. 528(9): 3404-3408.

[19] Dodds, S., Jones, A. H. and Cater, S. 2013. Tribological enhancement of AISI 420 martensitic stainless steel through friction-stir processing. Wear. 302(1-2): 863-877.

[20] Singh, S., Kaur, M. and Saravanan, I. 2020. Enhanced microstructure and mechanical properties of boiler steel via Friction Stir Processing. Materials Today: Proceedings. 22:482-486.

[21] Singh, S., Kaur, M. and Kumar, M. 2020. A Novel Technique for Surface Modification of SA 210 Gr A1 Steel. Materials Today: Proceedings. 21: 1930-1936.

[22] Sekban, D. M., Aktarer, S. M., Yanar, H., Alsaran, A. and Purcek, G. 2017. Improvement the wear behavior of low carbon steels by friction stir processing. In IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering.174 (1):012058.

[23] Xue, P., Xiao, B. L., Wang, W. G., Zhang, Q., Wang, D., Wang, Q. Z. and Ma, Z. Y. 2013. Achieving ultrafine dual-phase structure with superior mechanical property in friction stir processed plain low carbon steel. Materials Science and Engineering: A, 575: 30-34.

[24] Sekban, D. M., Aktarer, S. M. and Purcek, G. 2019. Friction stir welding of low-carbon shipbuilding steel plates: microstructure, mechanical properties, and corrosion behavior. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A. 50(9): 4127-4140.

[25] Wang, H., Wang, K., Wang, W., Lu, Y., Peng, P., Han, P. and Wang, L. 2020. Microstructure and mechanical properties of low-carbon Q235 steel welded using friction stir welding. Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters). 33(11):1556-1570.

[26] Wang, Z. W., Ma, G. N., Yu, B. H., Xue, P., Xie, G. M., Zhang, H. and Ma, Z. Y. 2020. Improving mechanical properties of friction-stir-spot-welded advanced ultra-high-strength steel with additional water cooling. Science and Technology of Welding and Joining. 25(4): 336-344.

[27] Costa, M. I., Verdera, D., Vieira, M. T. and Rodrigues, D. M. 2014. Surface enhancement of cold work tool steels by friction stir processing with a pinless tool. Applied surface science. 296: 214-220.

[28] Lorenzo-Martin, C. and Ajayi, O. O. 2015. Rapid surface hardening and enhanced tribological performance of 4140 steel by friction stir processing. Wear. 332: 962-970.

[29] Singh, S., Kaur, M., Kumar, M., Singh, H. and Singh, S. 2019. Study of microstructure evolution, mechanical properties and hot corrosion behavior of friction stir processed boiler steel. Materials Research Express. 6(9): 096547.

[30] Xue, P., Li, W. D., Wang, D., Wang, W. G., Xiao, B. L. and Ma, Z. Y. 2016. Enhanced mechanical properties of medium carbon steel casting via friction stir processing and subsequent annealing. Materials Science and Engineering: A. 670: 153-158.

[31] Hajian, M., Abdollah-Zadeh, A., Rezaei-Nejad, S. S., Assadi, H., Hadavi, S. M. M., Chung, K. and Shokouhimehr, M. 2015. Microstructure and mechanical properties of friction stir processed AISI 316L stainless steel. Materials & Design. 67: 82-94.