• List of Articles Corn

      • Open Access Article

        1 - Effects of nitrogen levels and intercropping ratios on yield of intercropping of corn and sunflower in Khouzestan conditions
        nader moosavian
        To study the effect of intercropping and nitrogen fertilizer treatments on the grain yield, a field experiment was conducted at the research farm of the Islamic Azad Uuiversity, Shooshtar, in 2005. The planting methods were laid out in a randomized complete block design More
        To study the effect of intercropping and nitrogen fertilizer treatments on the grain yield, a field experiment was conducted at the research farm of the Islamic Azad Uuiversity, Shooshtar, in 2005. The planting methods were laid out in a randomized complete block design in split-plot arrangements keeping different nitrogen rates, (50, 100 and 150 kg from urea resource) as main plots and various rates of intercropping corn-sunflower as sub plots with three replications. The intercropping treatments were S1 (100% sunflower), S2 (25% corn plus 75% sunflower), S3 (50% corn plus 50% sunflower), S4 (75% corn plus 25% sunflower) and S5 (100% corn). The results of the study indicated that seed yield of sunflower and grain yield of corn, total yield of sunflower and corn, 1000-seed weight and oil percentage of sunflower were significant. But 1000-grain weight and the grain number per pod wasn’t significant. The highest grain yield observed in N2S1 and N3S5 for sunflower and corn, was respectively (462 and 1319 per gr.m-2). In intercropping got the highest and the lowest seed yield of sunflower to pure stand and in S3, and at corn got to pure stand and in S4, respectively. An increase in nitrogen proportion raised the land equivalent ratio (LER). The highest and the lowest land equivalent ratio for grain yield were observed in hybrid levels of S4 and S3, respectively. The highest and the lowest land equivalent ratio (LER) were relevant to N1S2 and N3S4 (1.85 and 1.08, respectively). In addition, the highest and the lowest relative crowding coefficient (K) were relevant to N3S4 and N3S2 (0.2 and 7.2, respectively). Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        2 - Effect of weed control and nitrogen application at different stages on corn yield and it components
        ندا فوزي
        To evaluate the effects of nitrogen and methods of control on yield and its yield components of corn, an experiment was conducted in Urmia region during 2009 growing season. The experimental design for this study was factorial design based on C.R.B. design with 3 treatm More
        To evaluate the effects of nitrogen and methods of control on yield and its yield components of corn, an experiment was conducted in Urmia region during 2009 growing season. The experimental design for this study was factorial design based on C.R.B. design with 3 treatments. The treatments consisted of: Application of nitrogen fertilizer in four levels (0,100,150,200 kg N ha-1) and methods of weed control in four levels (without controling, pre-planting herbicide Alachlor, 2, 4-D herbicide and hand weeding). In this study the weight of the dry matter of broad and thin leaves of weed grass was considered in two stages .The results showed that nitrogen application rates and methods of weed control had significant effect on the amount of seeds, hundred seed weight, and grain yield in maize and harvest index. The highest grain yield and harvest index obtained from Alachlor herbicide and hand weeding with 200 kg N ha-1. All weed control levels with 200 kg N ha-1 fertilizer showed the highest yield index and the lowest one was observed on the one which had no control and no nitrogen fertilizer treatments. In The meantime, the lowest dry matter of weed was attained by hand weeding and the highest one in 200 kg N ha-1 and without control. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        3 - Optimization of Geometry of Architectures to Achieve the Thermal Function with Thermo Acoustic Effect
        Zahra Sokhandan Sorkhabi farshad nasrollahi Abas Ghafari
        In this paper, geometries of architecture have been identified which convert maximum sound and oscillation energies to thermal energy without any kind of absorbers to minimize mount of noise in spaces through the geometry of space with absorbing the maximum sound energi More
        In this paper, geometries of architecture have been identified which convert maximum sound and oscillation energies to thermal energy without any kind of absorbers to minimize mount of noise in spaces through the geometry of space with absorbing the maximum sound energies. Research has been done with COMSOL5.2 software and simulation method. The argument of this research has been done through the logical reasoning and with test developing in selective software and has been documented and resulted. In process of research, sound with 8000 HZ frequency that simulated a human speech, has been played in spaces with diverse form (changes in form of walls, ceilings) and same materials and has been calculated the mount of intensity, pressure and sound pressure level. Then mount of sound absorbing and converting to thermal energy has been simulated in spaces with applying the absorbing rate of air and results has been documented from temperature change dependence to geometry of spaces. It is so important that the walls, ceilings and floors were adiabatic and insulate completely from inside. In Simulation processes, air has been used as a material that is filled inside of simulated forms and there has been not any kind of other materials. By obtaining numerical results, the most suitable geometries are identified for producing heat through the sound oscillations and minimizing the noise. As a result, it was found that geometry of building make potential for Acoustic and thermal comfort from sound energy without any kind of absorbing materials inside of rooms. Heating changes simulated in two kind of geometries: pure volume and composite volume. Composite volumes have been choosing through the result of pure volume. Between pure volumes, Cylinder produced maximum temperature through the sound energies. Considering cylinder as a regular polygon with infinity corners and sides and making corners in composite volumes, heating changes oscillated due to corners between sides. Corners with angel about to 90 degree produce more heat compared with other corners. A plurality of corners with 90 degree and equal sides adjacent to angle in geometry of architectural spaces change the mount of temperature in increasing ways. Corners with obtuse angles cause higher temperature and corners with acute angles produce lower temperature. The highest temperature happens in geometries with 90 degree angles. Number of corners with obtuse and acute angles did not follow the definitive rules to produce heating or cooling in this study. The Best position for making consecutive corners in plans with right corners is the upper third of the height of Architectural spaces that produce high temperature. In compact geometries, the heat generated due to sound energies and oscillations are more than geometries with stretching in one direction. A Cube produces more heat than rectangle with same amount of height and volume. Composite of Cylinder and cube volumes in walls by maintaining the corners with 90 degree angles, lead to increasing the temperature. Filleted angles in walls of cubes and rectangles, with radius of ¼ of side of cube and more, make temperature increasing. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        4 - Optimization of Geometry of Architectures to Achieve the Thermal Function with ThermoAcoustic Effect
        Zahra Sokhandan Sorkhabi Farshad Nasrollahi Abbas Ghaffari
        In this paper, geometries of architecture have been identified which convert maximum sound and oscillation energies to thermal energy without any kind of absorbers to minimize mount of noise in spaces through the geometry of space with absorbing the maximum sound energi More
        In this paper, geometries of architecture have been identified which convert maximum sound and oscillation energies to thermal energy without any kind of absorbers to minimize mount of noise in spaces through the geometry of space with absorbing the maximum sound energies. Research has been done with COMSOL5.2 software and simulation method. The argument of this research has been done through the logical reasoning and with test developing in selective software and has been documented and resulted. In process of research, sound with 8000 HZ frequency that simulated a human speech, has been played in spaces with diverse form (changes in form of walls, ceilings) and same materials and has been calculated the mount of intensity, pressure and sound pressure level. Then mount of sound absorbing and converting to thermal energy has been simulated in spaces with applying the absorbing rate of air and results has been documented from temperature change dependence to geometry of spaces. It is so important that the walls, ceilings and floors were adiabatic and insulate completely from inside. In Simulation processes, air has been used as a material that is filled inside of simulated forms and there has been not any kind of other materials. By obtaining numerical results, the most suitable geometries are identified for producing heat through the sound oscillations and minimizing the noise. As a result, it was found that geometry of building make potential for Acoustic and thermal comfort from sound energy without any kind of absorbing materials inside of rooms. Heating changes simulated in two kind of geometries: pure volume and composite volume. Composite volumes have been choosing through the result of pure volume. Between pure volumes, Cylinder produced maximum temperature through the sound energies. Considering cylinder as a regular polygon with infinity corners and sides and making corners in composite volumes, heating changes oscillated due to corners between sides. Corners with angel about to 90 degree produce more heat compared with other corners. A plurality of corners with 90 degree and equal sides adjacent to angle in geometry of architectural spaces change the mount of temperature in increasing ways. Corners with obtuse angles cause higher temperature and corners with acute angles produce lower temperature. The highest temperature happens in geometries with 90 degree angles. Number of corners with obtuse and acute angles did not follow the definitive rules to produce heating or cooling in this study. The Best position for making consecutive corners in plans with right corners is the upper third of the height of Architectural spaces that produce high temperature. In compact geometries, the heat generated due to sound energies and oscillations are more than geometries with stretching in one direction. A Cube produces more heat than rectangle with same amount of height and volume. Composite of Cylinder and cube volumes in walls by maintaining the corners with 90 degree angles, lead to increasing the temperature. Filleted angles in walls of cubes and rectangles, with radius of ¼ of side of cube and more, make temperature increasing. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        5 - Evaluation of the effect of corn starch film composed of Ag-TiO₂ nanocomposites and Satureja khuzestanica essential oi on the shelf-life of chicken fillet
        Neda Sallak Abbasali Motallebi Moghanjoughi Maryam Ataee Seyed Amir Ali Anvar Leila Golestan
        10.30495/fh.2022.68439.1114
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        6 - Comparison of three different methods for detection of corn and sunflower oils in adulterated sesame oil
        Peyman Mahasti Shotorbani Hassan Hamedi Melika Zandi Maryam Fahimdanesh
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        7 - The Use of Corn cob Micro Powder as a Low Cost Adsorbent, for the Removal of Co2+Ion from Aqueous Solutions and from the View Point Thermodynamics
        gholamali haghdoost
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        8 - Investigating the Effective Factors on Reducing the Effects of Drought on Corn Cultivation with Extension Education Solutions (Case Study: Azadi Village in Andimeshk County)
        رضا موحدی Masomeh Sadeghi
        The present research was conducted in order to investigate the effective factors on reducing the effects of drought in corn cultivation and to provide extensional-educational solutions in Azadi village (of Andimshek county). The statistical population was formed by all More
        The present research was conducted in order to investigate the effective factors on reducing the effects of drought in corn cultivation and to provide extensional-educational solutions in Azadi village (of Andimshek county). The statistical population was formed by all the corn growers of Azadi district in the crop year of 2021-2022, which were equal to 600 people. The sampling method was random and the samples were selected from among the people of the society in a simple random manner. To determine the sample size due to the limited statistical population, the Karjesi-Morgan formula was used, and according to the Karjesi-Morgan table, 237 people were selected. The data collection tool is a researcher-made questionnaire Data analysis using software SPSS Ver. 26 was done. The results of the T test showed that there is a significant difference at the level of 95% between farmers' knowledge and awareness (technical knowledge), human factors, management factors, economic factors, extensional-educational strategies and farmers' attitude towards reducing damage caused by drought with mean average of the population. They can minimize the damage caused by drought. Based on the structural model (PLS), the technical knowledge of corn farmers, management factors and educational-promotional strategies had the greatest effect on reducing the damage caused by drought, so that the value of the path coefficient for them was equal to 0.378, 0.359 and 314. Also, the path coefficient of human factors and economic factors were equal to 0.142 and 0.129, respectively, which had less effect on reducing the effects of drought. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        9 - The experimental study of bio-engineered free-cell ostrich cornea as xenograft
        M. Fatourehchi, H.R. Fattahian, A.M. Kajbafzadeh,
        Healthy cornea is a major element in optical pathway. Corneal blindness can occur due tovarious causes and different severities, and almost the best effective treatment is cornealallotransplantation. The limitation of allograft propounds the usage of other alternatives More
        Healthy cornea is a major element in optical pathway. Corneal blindness can occur due tovarious causes and different severities, and almost the best effective treatment is cornealallotransplantation. The limitation of allograft propounds the usage of other alternatives such asxenograft besides synthetic biomaterials and keratoprostheses. The aim of the study is toproduce Extra Cellular Matrix (ECM) with decellularization method in ostrichs cornea. TheOstrichs heads were obtained from a local slaughter house. All corneas were excised. ThenECM was prepared by the combination of chemomechanical and ionic detergent methods.Cellular components elimination and stromal structure were assessed by three types ofhistological staining and ultra-structural studies. Corneal transparency and thickness evaluatedin macroscopic observation.Histological staining of the decellularized cornea confirmed the complete removal of cornealcells as well as preserving the integrity of basement membrane. The ultra-structural studiesrevealed that decellularization process preserved the native structure of the stromal corneaalthough the collagen bundle space increased slightly. However, after immersing the acellularcornea in 100% glycerol, their optical properties regained to those native corneas.The authors believe that tissue processing method of ostrich cornea which applied in presentstudy can be used as an alternative tissue after completing other examinations such as cellculture, immunological and biomechanical properties. Manuscript profile
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        10 - Histoanatomical study of the fibrous layer of ostrich eye
        محمدعلی ابراهیمی‌سعادتلو، رسول شهروز .
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        11 - Effect of Deficit Irrigation, Partial Irrigation and Superabsorbent Polymer on Yield and Yield Components of Corn (cv. KSC703)
        Fayaz Aghayari Fatemeh Khalili Mohammad Reza Ardakani
        To study the effect of deficit irrigation, partial irrigation and superabsorbent polymer on yield and yield components of corn, a field experiment was carried out in factorial split plot arrangement using randomized complete block design with four replications at Resear More
        To study the effect of deficit irrigation, partial irrigation and superabsorbent polymer on yield and yield components of corn, a field experiment was carried out in factorial split plot arrangement using randomized complete block design with four replications at Research Farm of Islamic Azad University, Karaj branch, Iran in 2014-2015 growing year. Deficit irrigation with three levels including irrigation with 100, 75 and 50 percent crop water requirement, furrow irrigation methods with two levels including partial irrigation (fixed alternate furrow) and conventional furrow irrigation that were located in the main plots and superabsorbent polymer with two levels including non-use superabsorbent polymer and used of superabsorbent (30kg/ha) that were located in the sub plots. Grains yield in partial irrigation method as compared to conventional furrow irrigation in condition of 100% crop water requirement decreased (38.5%). However difference of grain yield between fixed alternate furrow irrigation and conventional furrow irrigation in condition of irrigation with 75% and 50% crop water requirement was not significant. The use of superabsorbent saved irrigation water consumption by 13.4% during the growth period. According to a 26% reduction in the amount of irrigation water during the growing season in partial irrigation method, for achieve of corn grain yield in condition of irrigation with 75% and 50% crop water requirement can be used from partial irrigation method (alternate furrow irrigation) instead of conventional furrow irrigation method in the studied area. Also, along with partial irrigation method, to raise the water use efficiency can be used superabsorbent. Manuscript profile
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        12 - Efficiency of Microbial-Induced Carbonate Precipitation on Surface Strength of Jabalkandi Dune Sand
        Kazem Badv ّFarzaneh Douzali Joushin Mohsen Barin
        By approaching towards Urmia Lake, the potential source of sand dust originating from the sand dunes can be clearly observed. Wind erosion causes soil and environmental degradation. The high cost of petroleum mulches and their destructive effects on the environment have More
        By approaching towards Urmia Lake, the potential source of sand dust originating from the sand dunes can be clearly observed. Wind erosion causes soil and environmental degradation. The high cost of petroleum mulches and their destructive effects on the environment have led to the use of environmentally friendly and cheaper materials. In this study, the control of surface erosion of sand dust in the Jabalkandi region has been investigated by enhancing its surface strength by microbial-induced carbonate precipitation. An aerobic sporosarcina pasteurii bacteria, which exists pervasively in natural soil deposits was utilized to control soil erosion. The industrial corn extract has been used to cultivate this bacterium. To evaluate the effect of bacteria, the undrained shear strength of the soil was measured using insitu vane shear apparatus. The evaluated parameters included the bacteria concentration, retention time, effect of double injection with 7 days delay period, effect of environmental conditions on the bacteria functionality and the rate of gain of surface strength. The results showed improvement of the soil shear strength with time. The resulted maximum soil shear strength was 0.65 kg/cm2. The results indicated that the reinjection of the bacteria solution and cementation resulted in 60 % extra surface strength gain of the soil compared to one time injection. Manuscript profile
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        13 - Max Müller and the Science of Religion
        مهدی لک زایی
        The scientific study of religions commenced with the attempts of theinfluential scholars of 19th century such as Max Müller. These studieswere naturally different from what theologians said about religions.Max Müller can be regarded as one of the founding fath More
        The scientific study of religions commenced with the attempts of theinfluential scholars of 19th century such as Max Müller. These studieswere naturally different from what theologians said about religions.Max Müller can be regarded as one of the founding fathers of the"science of religion", but the science was also indebted to CorneliusPetrus Tiele, whose attempts brought about new outcomes in thestudies of religious phenomena.This article surveys the viewpoints of Max Müller. By emphasizingthe experimental approach in the study of religion, Müller decided touse comparative method in this field. Max Müller devoted his life tothe study of classical Indian religious documents, the comparativestudy of religious history and myth, and the publication of the religioushistory of the world. He was an expert Sanskritist and mythologist; buthis innovative theories about mythology have not been accepted byother scholars working on religions. Nevertheless, his scientific andexperimental standpoints about myths and the origin of religion drewthe attention of scholars for many years. His theory about origination ofHinduism from myth, particularly his solar mythology, was stronglycriticized by many scholars. Manuscript profile
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        14 - The Effect of Ozone Gas on Reducing of Aflatoxin B1 in Bulgur of Dent Corn (Zea mays var. indentata)
        N. Farhadieh O. Eyvazzadeh B. Ghiassi Tarzi
        Introduction: Aflatoxins are the secondary toxic metabolites of some fungi. Aflatoxins, especially aflatoxin B1, are highly toxic and may cause serious risks to human and animal health. In this study, the effects of ozonation processes on aflatoxin content of corn bulgu More
        Introduction: Aflatoxins are the secondary toxic metabolites of some fungi. Aflatoxins, especially aflatoxin B1, are highly toxic and may cause serious risks to human and animal health. In this study, the effects of ozonation processes on aflatoxin content of corn bulgur were investigated. Materials and Methods: In this investigation, corn bulgur was inoculated with Aspergillus flavus (2 × 107 CFU/ ml), was subjected to ozonation process at the concentrations of 7 and 9 mg/ L for 120 and 180 minutes. The effect of ozonation process on aflatoxins B1 values was investigated. HPLC apparatus was employed as a mean to determines aflatoxin qualitatively and quantity. Results: The results showed that the ozonation process reduced aflatoxins B1, and in all treatments (except control) was lower than the permissible limit defined by the national standard of Iran (5 ppb). Decrease of aflatoxin was influenced by the concentration and time of exposure to ozone, and the lowest level of aflatoxin B1 observed in ozonated corn bulgur at the concentration of 9 mg/ L for 180 minutes (p < 0.05). In relation to other aflatoxins (B2, G1 and G2), ozonation reduced the concentration significantly quall the highest concentration was detected in control (P <0.05). Overall, although other aflatoxins were affected by ozone, their depletion was modest, and this effect did not follow a regular pattern. Conclusion: According to the results, ozonation an effective, fast, and safe method to reduce aflatoxin B1 in corn bulgur. Manuscript profile
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        15 - Determination of the Nutritional Characteristics of the Oil Extracted from Persian Oak Fruit
        Y. Iranmanesh H. Jahanazi Goujani
        Introduction: Oak treescover a vast area of Zagros forests. Acorn has numbers of nutritional characteristics and might be regarded as a good source of nutrition. The aim of this study is to describe the nutritional characteristics and physicochemical properties of acorn More
        Introduction: Oak treescover a vast area of Zagros forests. Acorn has numbers of nutritional characteristics and might be regarded as a good source of nutrition. The aim of this study is to describe the nutritional characteristics and physicochemical properties of acorn oil. Materials and Methods: This research was carried out in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province. Fourteen trees were selected randomly, in different diameter classes in two groups of single stem trees and coppice shoots. Thirty acorns were harvested from each tree and dried in an oven at 80 °C for 2 days. The nutritional elements of the seed were measured and the oil was extracted by light petroleum ether employing soxhlet aparatus. Results: The results indicated that nitrogen was present at high concentration followed by some elements namely Potassium, Calcium, Iron and Manganese in respective decreasing order. The oil concentration of the fruit accounted for 8.56% and the fatty acid profile of the fatty acid of the oil indicated that the predominant fatty acid was the monounsaturated fatty acid (Oleic 49.4%) followed by polyunsaturated and saturated fatty acids in respective decreasing order. Conclusion: Acorn of Persian Oak is important nutritionally and the oil contains an appreciable concentration of unsaturated fatty acids. Therefore, good management concerned with acorn harvesting and oil production might be required and essential.   Manuscript profile
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        16 - Effect of Heat Treatment on Some Physicochemical Properties of Sweet Corn During Frozen Storage
        E. Nikzat S. Ansari
        Introduction: Today, the consumption of frozen fruits and vegetables has been increasingdue to the ability of these products to persuade the consumers to maintain nutritional value,time-saving and other practical reasons. The aim of this study was to investigate somephy More
        Introduction: Today, the consumption of frozen fruits and vegetables has been increasingdue to the ability of these products to persuade the consumers to maintain nutritional value,time-saving and other practical reasons. The aim of this study was to investigate somephysicochemical properties of two groups of corn kernels, single and attached to the cob, afterheat processing and storage at -18 ° C.Materials and Methods: In this study, sweet corn in two forms of single kernels and cornson the cob were cooked for 4, 8 and 12 minutes and stored for 10 weeks at -18 ° C. Theeffects of heat treatment on the drip loss, color changes, total phenolic content, antioxidantactivity, peroxidase activity, hardness and microstructure were investigated every two weeks.Results: The amount of drip loss increased significantly (p<0.05) during freezing, andtherefore the hardness decreased, in which the corns on the cob were more effective inmaintaining their water structure as compared to the single kernels. The peroxidase activity,total phenolic content and antioxidant activity were significantly (p<0.05) decreased withheating process. The reversibility of peroxidase activity was observed during the freezingstorage. In terms of the radical scavenging capacity, there was no significant differencebetween single corns and the ones on the cob. The amount of phenolic compounds increaseduntil the fourth week and then decreased significantly (p<0.05) during storage at -18 °C.Moreover, the corns on the cob also showed more color changes than the single ones.Conclusion: Heat Treatment has significant effect on some physicochemical properties ofcorn during storage at -18 ° C. Manuscript profile
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        17 - Investigating the Changes in β-Carotene concentrations of Carrot and Sweet Corn Using Different Methods of Heat Treatments
        M. Yahyaei A. Ghavami M. Gharachorloo K. Larijani S. Z. Mazhari
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        18 - Respiration Rate and Some Physicochemical Characteristics of Salicornia bigelovii as a Leafy Green Vegetable
        B. Tajeddin H. Behmadi
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        19 - The Feasibility of Manufacturing Low Fat Pizza Cheese by Use of Pre- Gelatinized Corn Starch
        S. Abbasi L. Nateghi
        10.30495/jfbt.2022.19731
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        20 - Evaluation of the Cake Quality Made from Acorn-Wheat Flour Blends as a Functional Food
        H. Molavi J. Keramat B. Raisee
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        21 - Investigation of Effects of Bio Chars Derived from Wheat and Corn Straw on Zinc Adsorption in Aqueous Solutions
        hamidreza boostani hanieh askari
        10.22034/jest.2018.19726.2863
        Introduction: In recent years, use of bio char as bio sorbent for pollution control of aqueous solutions containing heavy metals, has been considered by researchers. In the present study, the efficiency of wheat straw bio char and corn straw bio char for the removal of More
        Introduction: In recent years, use of bio char as bio sorbent for pollution control of aqueous solutions containing heavy metals, has been considered by researchers. In the present study, the efficiency of wheat straw bio char and corn straw bio char for the removal of Zinc from aqueous solutions had been investigated under the influence of various factors such as pH, contact time, adsorbent dose and adsorbent concentration. Material and Methods: Langmuir and Freundlich models were used to describe the adsorption isotherm and Pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order kinetic models were applied for description of adsorption kinetics. Results: The optimum pH for Zn adsorption was found to be 5 by two bio chars. With increasing contact time, Zn adsorption efficiency was increased by two adsorbents and at 24 hours reached to equilibrium. The increase of bio char dosage until 20 g.L-1, the percentage of Zn removal in solutions was enhanced by tow adsorbents; however, the upper dosage of adsorbent caused a decrease in removal efficiency. The results indicate that the Langmuir model better fits on adsorption data than Freundlich model. Accordingly, Zn adsorption capacity by corn straw bio char (9.60 mg. g-1) was higher than the wheat straw bio char (6.77 mg.g-1). The kinetic data were better represented by the pseudo-second-order than the pseudo-first-order kinetic model, so it seems that the dominant process of Zn adsorption to be a chemisorption. Conclusion: The results showed that the bio chars which used in this experiment can be applied as a low-cost, effective and available adsorbent for removal of Zn from aqueous solutions. Manuscript profile
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        22 - Analysis and Prioritizing of the Influencing the Factors on Dent Corn Production by AHP Method: With Emphasis on Environmental Sustainability
        Adel Sulaimani Ali Asghar Mirakzadeh
        AbstractIntroductionCorn is an important plant in the world. It grows well under medium to hot climate. Development ofdent corn plant in Ravansar city in Kermanshah province has such conditions that make Ravansar as afirst class of corn producers in Iran. So identifying More
        AbstractIntroductionCorn is an important plant in the world. It grows well under medium to hot climate. Development ofdent corn plant in Ravansar city in Kermanshah province has such conditions that make Ravansar as afirst class of corn producers in Iran. So identifying and prioritizing important factors effective onincreasing the production will lead extending its plant domain in other cities of the country and finallydevelops the agriculture and economic specially for rural people. The main purpose of this survey isrecognition and grading of the effective factors for increased the corn production in Rawansar city.Material and MethodsIn this study the tested population was the society of experts of Jahade Keshavarzi of Rawansar. Theinformation were obtained as questionnaire and the data were analyzed by AHP (multivariate analyzesmethod) and the Expert Choice software.ResultsThe results showed that the education-extension factor is the main operative factor in increasing theproduction of corn, and the factors management, technical and economical factors are in subsequentpreferences. Therefore it is suggested that environmental sustainability should also be included intraining programs for farmers. Manuscript profile
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        23 - Evaluation of the Influence of Sulfur and Municipal Solid Waste Compost on Soil pH and Uptake of Some of the Micronutrients by Corn.
        Mohammad Reza Sabour Morteza Shokri Saeed Samavat Mohammad Reza Farahani
        Introduction: Application of sulfur and organic matters has an important role in improving ofphysicochemical properties in soils. In this research optimizing the mixture design between sulfur andmunicipal solid waste compost for application in an alkaline soil was teste More
        Introduction: Application of sulfur and organic matters has an important role in improving ofphysicochemical properties in soils. In this research optimizing the mixture design between sulfur andmunicipal solid waste compost for application in an alkaline soil was tested.Materials & Methodology: In this research randomized designs with three replications is used. Theapplied factors were the total fertilizer content of compost and sulfur, M, and the ratio between sulfurand compost in fertilizer, T. M factor had four options, zero,0.5, 1 and 2 percent of soil weight and Tfactor include 1:1, 1:2, 1:3 and 1:4 sulfur to compost ratios.Discussion & Results: The obtained results indicated that all of treatments with 99 percentcontingency decreased the soil pH and T2M4 treatment had the best influence. The content of Znuptake by corn has been significant in 5 percent level in many treatments. The content of Fe uptakehad remarkable incensement in treatments, but it wasn't significant. Manuscript profile
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        24 - Introduction of the most Salt Tolerant Plants and their Reproduction Methods in the Turkmensahra Region
        Halimeh Amirian Vahide Payamenoor Muosa Akbarloo
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        25 - Optimizing Fertilizer Application in Relation to Soil Nutrients Analysis Sustaining Environment; Case Study corn Farms of Kuzaran, Kermanshah Province, Iran
        Mosayeb Heshmati Parastoo Ghuchi Nasrin Karami
        Corn (maize) is cultivated in several parts of irrigation lands of Iran and over application of chemical fertilizers causing environmental and human health impacts. However, soil nutrients available analysis can be improved with optimal chemical fertilizer consumption i More
        Corn (maize) is cultivated in several parts of irrigation lands of Iran and over application of chemical fertilizers causing environmental and human health impacts. However, soil nutrients available analysis can be improved with optimal chemical fertilizer consumption in these farms. The objective of this research was to evaluate soil nutrients content and appropriate fertilizers application in the corn farms which was conducted in Kuzaran, west Kermanshah, Iran. Soil sampling carried out from 0-30 soil depth and subjected to soil organic carbon (SOC) content as well as availability of N, P, K, Mn, Fe and Zn analysis. The results showed that the mean SOC was low (1.23%) and significantly (p<0.05) correlated to all measured soil nutrients. The respective average level of N, P, K, Mn, Fe and Zn was 0.121, 17.00, 381, 9.71, 12.41 and0.86 mg-1 kg. The recommended consumption rates included triple super phosphate, potassium sulfate and iron, hence; these rates were not correlated with P, K and F available in the soil. Furthermore, recommended potassium sulfate input was 134 kg/ha, while soil K available was sufficient for corn crop. In contrasts, the recommended levels of Urea (418 kg/ha), manganese sulfate (32.4 kg/ha) and Zinc sulfate (54.3 kg/ha) were significantly correlated with soil N, Mn and Zn content. Thus, recommended chemical fertilizers application was not sufficiently accurate and did not follow by soil nutrients content.  For sustaining environment and human health, the consumption of chemical fertilizer particularly in corn farms should be recommended based on soil nutrient analysis and crop needs. Manuscript profile
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        26 - Pathology of Shock’s Research about Moses (AS)
        Hassan RezaeeAssistant Professor, Department of … , Farabi Pardis of Tehran University, Tehran, Iran Seyfali Zahedifar Morteza Valizadeh
        The present research, deals with the presention and pathology of the essay on Musa (AS) (Moses) in the encyclopedia of Quran (Encyclopaedia of the Qurān).In that essay, the author has studied Moses’s childhood, the assassination of Cornelia Schock, More
        The present research, deals with the presention and pathology of the essay on Musa (AS) (Moses) in the encyclopedia of Quran (Encyclopaedia of the Qurān).In that essay, the author has studied Moses’s childhood, the assassination of Cornelia Schock, one of qibties, Moses’s departure to Madian, the prophecy of Musa (as), the patience of Moses (AS),salvation of Moses and destruction of Pharaoh. The above article has positive points, but some of the material presented in it are discussable that include: the Quran’s adaptaion from the old and new testament books, Removalof the toe cap, Moses’s books and seeing God. Manuscript profile
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        27 - Interaction between Nicosulfuron dose and timing on Johnson grass and maize competition indices
        Fatemeh Eynollahi Mostafa Oveisi Hamid Rahimian Mashhadi
        Chemical weed control is a main component of management programs of crop productions. Timely herbicide application significantly increases herbicide efficiency. A field experiment was conducted to study the effect of Nicosulfuron timing and dose on S. halepense competit More
        Chemical weed control is a main component of management programs of crop productions. Timely herbicide application significantly increases herbicide efficiency. A field experiment was conducted to study the effect of Nicosulfuron timing and dose on S. halepense competition with maize. Experiment was split-plot in three replications. Main plots were herbicide dose of 0, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5 kg/ha and sub plots were herbicide timings of 2-4 l, 4-6 l, 6-8 l of maize growth. Growth parameters of maize including height, leaf area (LA) and total biomass (TB) were measured. Results showed, the highest height, LA and TB were obtained from Nicosulfuron application at 1.5 Kg/ha in 2-4 l of maize and no significant difference was shown to herbicide recommended dose or higher. With delay in herbicide application, the height and TB of S. halepense increased and its competition with maize got raised. It caused decrease in maize growth indices. Current study showed main effect of herbicide dose in changing weed-crop interactions. Successful management would change competition in advantage to crops using lower herbicide doses to achieve both economic and environmental purposes in sustainable crop protection. Manuscript profile
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        28 - Effect of herbicides on weeds and corn yields in different tillage systems
        Froud Bazrafshan Mohammad javad Jamalzadeh Omid Alizadeh Mehdi Zare Abdollah Bahrani
        In order to evaluate the herbicides on yield and corn components in different tillage systems in Fasa, an experiment was conducted in split plot in a randomized complete block design with three replications in two years. Main plots consisted of tillage in three levels: More
        In order to evaluate the herbicides on yield and corn components in different tillage systems in Fasa, an experiment was conducted in split plot in a randomized complete block design with three replications in two years. Main plots consisted of tillage in three levels: common tillage, low tillage and no tillage and subplots were treated with herbicides in 7 levels of Nicosulfuron in 2 concentrations of 2 and 1 liter per hectare, Furamsulfuron in 2 and 1 liter per hectare, formasulfuron + iodosulfuron in 2 Concentration was 1.5 and 0.75 liters per hectare and without herbicide as control. The results showed that the highest weed density was in conventional tillage (7.5 and 5.5 plants / m 2), and the lowest weed density in weed loss was obtained. The highest dry weight of weeds was in conventional tillage (45.3 and 36.1 g / m2), and the lowest dry weight of weeds was obtained in non-topical cultivars. Nicosulfuron at the rate of 2 liters per hectare had the greatest effect on the decrease in grass weed density, and there was no significant difference in reducing the density of broadleaf weeds herbicides among herbicides. Also, nicosulfuron had the highest effect on dry weight loss of grassleaf and broadleaf weeds (22.8 and 13.8 g / m2, respectively). The highest grain yield of corn (12 tons per hectare) was obtained from low tillage and nicosulfuron at 2 liters per hectare and the lowest grain yield (5.6 tons per hectare) was obtained in conventional tillage and non-herbicide control. Manuscript profile
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        29 - مروری بر تأثیر بیوچار در جذب و آبشوئی علف کش‌ها
        Omid Alasti Javid Gharakhlou
        Manuscript profile
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        30 - A Comparative Analysis of the Tradition and Modernity in Arabic Dramas: A Case Study of the play 'Death of Cleopatra'
        Majid Saleh Bek
        Researchers believe that the first steps of the Arabic drama’s art, especially poem dramas, were taken by the Lebanese writer Marun al-Naqqash, the Lebanese writer. Although this art had weaknesses at the beginning, it can be said that its first steps were by and More
        Researchers believe that the first steps of the Arabic drama’s art, especially poem dramas, were taken by the Lebanese writer Marun al-Naqqash, the Lebanese writer. Although this art had weaknesses at the beginning, it can be said that its first steps were by and large acceptable. They also believe that its early stages of formation carried out by Ahmed Shawqi, the Egyptian genius poet, whose knowledge of western literature, especially French literature, strengthened his motivation to benefit from this new literary genre. Fascinated in the French literature and especially dramatic literature, Ahmed Shawqi pursued the way of the great playwrights such as Pierre Corneille, Racine and Moliere in his works. He introduced dramatic stories, as a new literary genre into the Arabic language and turned to historical poems, a way that enhanced the status of historical poem dramas. In the present article "The Death of Cleopatra" is chosen among Shawqi's historical plays. This play was written in 1927 to defend a character that Ahmed Shawqi imagined the history distorted her face. In this play, he defends surprisingly Cleopatra, the queen of the pharaonic era, and portrays her as a patriot who is infatuated with her country, Egypt. In his opinion, Cleopatra was wrongly judged by western historians. They portrayed her as a reveler and capricious woman who does not care about the interests of her country. In his historical dramas, Ahmed Shawqi is not satisfied only with plotting the events of history; rather, his goal in representation historical events and characters is to use them symbolically in order to raise moral, social, political and even psychological issues. He presents an art that is structurally complete and possessed the features of the show. Therefore, it can be said that the historical poem dramas were created and flourished by this revivalist poet under the influence of the greats of this field, such as Racine, Pierre Corneille, Moliere, and Shakespeare. Manuscript profile
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        31 - The Study of Primary Religions and Social Systems in the " The Slave of Merchant Tale" from The Second Book of Marzban Nameh
        Rudabeh Shahhosseini
          "The slave of merchant" is a tale in book two of Marzban Nameh. The protagonist   of the tale is a slave who is commanded by his master to go on a business journey. During this journey he confronts many perilous events but each time he is saved because More
          "The slave of merchant" is a tale in book two of Marzban Nameh. The protagonist   of the tale is a slave who is commanded by his master to go on a business journey. During this journey he confronts many perilous events but each time he is saved because of his acumen power. From one side, the slave is the representation of a fabulous face of a myth, Adonis and is a symbol of the god of nature who dies  and revives for the sake of his servants and  the hero of an exogamy social system who has been far from his homeland and becomes the king of a foreign land on the other side. Manuscript profile
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        32 - The Impact of Die Corner Radius and Friction Coefficient on Bulge Forming of T-Shaped Copper Tubes using Finite-Element Method and Experimental Analysis
        M. Ahmadpour Omid Ghahraei
        Manuscript profile
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        33 - Droplet Counter Current Chromatography (DCCC) in herbal analysis
        Lutfun Nahar Satyajit D. Sarker
        Manuscript profile
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        34 - Male and Female Social Actor Representation in Four Corners 4: A Critical Discourse Perspective
        Ali Roohani
        Manuscript profile
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        35 - Feeding behaviour of Scolothrips longicornis (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) preying on Tetranychus turkestani (Acari: Tetranychidae)
        Mehdi Gheibi Ebrahim Soleymannejadian
        Feeding behaviour of the Scolothrips longicornis Priesner preying on Tetranychus turkestani (Ugarov & Nikolski) was investigated by leaf - island method under laboratory conditions (26±1°C, 60±5% RH and photoperiod of L16: D8 hours). One starved fe More
        Feeding behaviour of the Scolothrips longicornis Priesner preying on Tetranychus turkestani (Ugarov & Nikolski) was investigated by leaf - island method under laboratory conditions (26±1°C, 60±5% RH and photoperiod of L16: D8 hours). One starved female thrips consumed a mite’s egg, a first instar larva and a protonymph, a deutonymph and an adult female mite in 1.52, 2.63, 3.13, 7.93 and 15.5 minute respectively. The first instar larva of the thrips ate 10.1 eggs or 1.2 female mites, the second instar larva consumed 34.5 eggs or 4.7 female mites and the adult female ate 49.1 eggs or 11.7 adult females per day. The mated female with a prey consumption of 11.7 female mites had the highest appetite. The unmated females and males by daily consumption of respectively 7.3 and 6.2 females had no significant difference in their voracity. The daily mean voracity increased from 0.3 to 17.1 female mites per female thrips by increasing temperature from 5 to 40°C. The rate of feeding severely decreased at 45°C and it was almost equal to rate of feeding at 26°C. Switching behavior of the thrips by using Murdach model, in different proportion of two prey, T. turkestani and E. orientalis shown negative switching and more number of T. turkestani was consumed when the proportion increased. The results indicated that S. longicornis may be a suitable biological agent for suppression of the Tetranychidae mites. Manuscript profile
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        36 - Resistance to sugar beet root aphid, Pemphigus fuscicornis (Hem.: Aphididae), in nine sugar beet genotypes at laboratory conditions
        Abdolamir Mohiseni Mehrdad Rahnamaeian Mahnaz Ghaedrahmati
        Sugar beet Root aphid Pemphigus fuscicornis (Koch)(Hem.: Aphididae), is an important sugar beet pest (Beta vulgaris L.) in many countries. Recently, this pest has attacked sugar beet fields in Borujerd, north of Lorestan province, Iran. In this research, resistance to s More
        Sugar beet Root aphid Pemphigus fuscicornis (Koch)(Hem.: Aphididae), is an important sugar beet pest (Beta vulgaris L.) in many countries. Recently, this pest has attacked sugar beet fields in Borujerd, north of Lorestan province, Iran. In this research, resistance to sugar beet root aphid was evaluated in nine sugar beet genotypes, under laboratory conditions in a randomized complete design during 2001-2002. At first, sugar beet seeds were planted in a small plot, and were grown for about 50 days, and then plants were transplanted into a peat-vermiculite mix in pots. Five reproductive aphids were placed on the root mass before being transferred into the pot. The pots were transferred to an incubator (set at 20±2ºC and 16h artificial light and 8h dark). Forty days after infestation, the incubator temperature was suddenly decreased to 5ºC and then the aphids were counted.  Results showed that, variety of Simin1 was highly susceptible, BR1 Karaj was moderately susceptible and two varieties of Polyrave and Dez Elit were moderately resistant. Manuscript profile
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        37 - Evaluation of some factors on the efficiency of Sesamia cretica (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae) pheromone traps in Fars province, Iran
        Mojgan GHAHRAMANI majid fallahzadeh Mehrdad TABRIZIAN
        The corn stem borer, Sesamia cretica Lederer, 1857 (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae), is one of the main pest of maize, sorghum, sugarcane, and cereals in Iran, Mediterranean area, Middle East and Arabia to Pakistan, northern India and northern Africa. Effect of design of the tr More
        The corn stem borer, Sesamia cretica Lederer, 1857 (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae), is one of the main pest of maize, sorghum, sugarcane, and cereals in Iran, Mediterranean area, Middle East and Arabia to Pakistan, northern India and northern Africa. Effect of design of the trap, dosage of pheromone component in rubber capsule and trap height on the efficiency of Sesamia cretica pheromone traps were evaluated. The study was conducted in Runiz (Eestahban) of Fars province. A Randomized Complete Block Design used with four blocks and four replications in each block. To determine the best suitable trap design, three pheromone traps, Delta, Funnel trap and Wing shape, were tested. Three different heights, half, one and two meters from the ground were tested on order to determine the role of the trap height on the efficiency of traps. The doses of 0.5, 1 and 2 mg doses of the pheromones formulated in Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection (IRIPP) compared with a foreign rubber capsule (1 mg). Data were analyzed by using of SAS statistical software and mean of treatments were grouped and compared by Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT). Delta and Funnel trap with highest moth catches were superior in comparison with wing shape trap design (P<0.01). Trap height to attract pests were not significant (P<0.01). The results of the test revealed that the 1 and 2 mg doses of the pheromones formulated in IRIPP and foreign rubber capsule (1 mg) were superior and had more catch  but these doses were not significantly different (P<0.01). Manuscript profile
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        38 - Allelopathic effects of medicinal plant madder (Rubia tinctorum) on germination characteristics and seedling growth of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor), corn (Zea mays), field bindweed (Convolvolus arvense) and Johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense)
        Ruhollah NADERI Abbas YAZDANI Yahya EMAM Ehsan BIJANZADEH
        Excessive use of chemical herbicides has resulted to many problems such as adverse environmental impacts, contamination of groundwater and resistant weeds. Therefore, researchers are looking for solutions to reduce the use of herbicides as more as possible. One effectiv More
        Excessive use of chemical herbicides has resulted to many problems such as adverse environmental impacts, contamination of groundwater and resistant weeds. Therefore, researchers are looking for solutions to reduce the use of herbicides as more as possible. One effective approach is to use the characteristics of allelopathic plants. To evaluate the allelopathic effects of extracts of madder on seed germination of several crops (corn and sorghum) and weeds (Johnsongrass and field bindweed), four separate laboratory experiments were conducted in 2011 at Yazd University of Applied Science. The experimental design was a completely randomized with 4 replications and 5 treatments. Treatments were madder extract at 5 levels (zero, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100%, respectively). The results showed that the extract of madder could decrease traits such as germination percentage and germination rate, root and shoot length, root to shoot ratio (R / S), seedling vigor index and total dry weight of all plants significantly (p <0.5).Germination percentage of corn and sorghum seeds were not significantly affected up to concentration of 50% and 75% of madder extract, however, germination of weed seeds showed a significant reduction at even lower rates of 25% concentration of madder extract. In general, at concentration of 25 %, germination percentage of filed bindweed and Johnson grass decreased 97 and 95.5 % compared to corn and 96 and 94 % compared to sorghum. Although the extract of madder caused a significant decrease in the rate of germination, root and shoot length, root to shoot ratio, seed vigor index and total dry weight of both crops and weeds, it was found that weeds were more susceptible to madder extract than crops. Results indicated that madder, as a useful medicinal plant, may contain allelochemicals that suppress Johnson grass and field bindweed seedlings growth and could be beneficial for weed control in corn and sorghum crops Manuscript profile
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        39 - Effect of Nitrogen Fertilizer and Seed Density in Direct Planting of Two Spring Wheat Varieties
        Davod Omidinasab Mohammad Hossein Gharineh Abdolmahdi Bakhshandeh Mehran Sharafi Zadeh Alireza Shafeinia
        To investigating the density of weeds in direct seeding wheat in the corn straws (no tillage wheat), a split factorial experiment  was carried out in randomized complete block design with four replications and three factors including cultivar at 2 levels, (Chamran More
        To investigating the density of weeds in direct seeding wheat in the corn straws (no tillage wheat), a split factorial experiment  was carried out in randomized complete block design with four replications and three factors including cultivar at 2 levels, (Chamran and Behrang), seed density at 5 levels (50, 100, 150, 200 and 250 Kg/ha) and nitrogen fertilizer from urea source at 6 levels (0, 50, 100, 150, 200 and 250) in fall of 2011 – 2012  in an agricultural farm located 30 km south of Dezful. The result of analysis of variance revealed that the effects of cultivar, seeding and nitrogen fertilizer on weed density and dry weight of weeds and yield and grain yield components were significantly different at 1% level. The least weed density was observed at 250 Kg/ha, with one weed per square meter. Results showed that greater consumption of nitrogen fertilizer will increase the dry weight of weeds per area unit, so that the fertilizer level of 250 kg nitrogen per hectare with an average of 9.9 grams in the square meter had the highest dry weight of weeds per area unit. The no tillage seeding caused increasing the grassy weeds. Using seeds over 100 Kg/ha which decreases yield grain and increases nitrogen consumption to the level 150 (Kg/ha) resulted in significant increase in grain yield. Chamran cultivar, with grain yield average of 413.70 (kg/ha) was preferd to Behrang cultivar. Manuscript profile
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        40 - Integrated effects of diatomaceous earth and corn genotypes on mortality of red flour beetle Tribolium costaneum (Herbst) (Col., Tenebrionidae) in laboratory conditions
        M. Ghasemzadeh F. Shakhsi Zare A. Sabetghdam N. Baghaei
        The study was done during 2010-2011 to investigate the integrated effects of diatomaceous earth and three genotypes of corn on adults mortality of red flour beetle Tribolium costaneum in laboratory conditions (27°C, 60±5% RH and dark). The adults of red flour More
        The study was done during 2010-2011 to investigate the integrated effects of diatomaceous earth and three genotypes of corn on adults mortality of red flour beetle Tribolium costaneum in laboratory conditions (27°C, 60±5% RH and dark). The adults of red flour beetle fed with three concentrations of diatomaceous earth (0.5, 1 and 1.5 gr/kg) on three genotypes of corn in 4 replications. The mortality of T. castaneum was recorded after 2, 7 and 14 days and compared with control. Results showed that there was significant differences between genotypes and different concentration of diatomaceous earth. The comparison of means showed that 1 gr/kg concentration and KE1728/8 genotype of corn were the best treatment separately. Results of integrated effects showed that percentage of mortality had a significant difference only on 14th days. So 0.5 gr/kg concentration of diatomaceous earth and KE720/12    genotype are recommended as the best integration. Manuscript profile
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        41 - Effect of three food regimes on longevity and oviposition rate of Orius albidipennis (Rueter)
        F. Lotfi M. Haghani H. Ostovan
        In recent years, rearing and releasing of Orius bugs to control small pests such as thrips and aphids has been increased. These studies were carried out to investigate the oviposition rate and longevity of adult females of Orius albidipennis, fed on three different food More
        In recent years, rearing and releasing of Orius bugs to control small pests such as thrips and aphids has been increased. These studies were carried out to investigate the oviposition rate and longevity of adult females of Orius albidipennis, fed on three different food regimes (eggs of Sitotroga cerealella in addition to corn pollen, eggs of Sitotroga cerealella in addition to date pollen and Sitotroga cerealella's eggs) and two different oviposition substrates (Bean pod and Geranium leaf) under laboratory conditions (25±2°c, 65±5% RH, 16L:8D photoperiod). Results showed a significant differance in the mean number of laid eggs under conditions of various food regimes. There was an increase in oviposition rate of O. albidipennis, when fed on Sitotroga cerealeala's eggs supplemented with corn pollen (82.7±1.76). The longevity of adult females of O. albidipennis was also not significantly different on these three food regimes. The mean number of laid eggs on two different oviposition substrates showed no significant difference; so the both substrates are suitable for rearing O. albidipennis. Manuscript profile
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        42 - Faunistic survey of edaphic Mesostigmatic mites (Acari: Mesostigmata) in rape seed and corn farms in Gachsaran, Iran
        H. Moradian H. Ostovan M. Haghani
        During 2009-2010 a faunistic study was carried out on edaphic Mesostigmatic mites in rape seed and corn farms in Gachsaran (Kohgiloyeh & Boir Ahmad province), Iran. A total of 20 species from 14 genera and 8 families of Mesostigmata were collected and identified. Am More
        During 2009-2010 a faunistic study was carried out on edaphic Mesostigmatic mites in rape seed and corn farms in Gachsaran (Kohgiloyeh & Boir Ahmad province), Iran. A total of 20 species from 14 genera and 8 families of Mesostigmata were collected and identified. Among them one genus and three species are considered to be the first record for Iran. The genus is marked by (**) and the three species are marked with (*). Mites species are listed according to their families as follows:   Parasitidae Gamasodes spiniger (Tragardh, 1910) Parasitus fimetorum (Berlese, 1904) Vulgarogamasus oudemansi (Berlese, 1903) Phytoseiidae Neoseiulus barkeri (Hughes, 1948) Rhodacaridae Rhodacarellus silesiacus  Willmann, 1935 ­­Sessiluncus hungaricus * Karg, 1964 Veigaiidae Veigaia nemorensis (Koch, 1839) Ascidae Antennoseius bacatus Athias – Henriot, 1961 Antennoseius masoviae Sellnick, 1943 Arctoseius cetratus (Sellnick, 1940) Arctoseius venustulus * (Berlese, 1917) Asca aphidioides  (Linnaeus, 1758) Lasioseius lawrencei (Evans, 1957) Digamasellidae Dendrolaelaspis sp. Eviphididae Iphidosoma multiclavatum ** Willmann, 1956 Laelapidae Hypoaspis (Geolaelaps) aculeifer (Canestrini, 1883) Hypoaspis (Geolaelaps) nolli Karg 1962 Hypoaspis (Pneumolaelaps) sclerotarsa Costa, 1967 Hypoaspis (Pneumolaelaps) karawaiewi (Berlese, 1903) Hypoaspis (Cosmolaelaps) vacua (Michael, 1891) Manuscript profile
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        43 - Assessment of the efficacy of current recommendations for fumigation with Phosphine to control Lasioderma serricorne F. (Col., Anobiidae) in tobacco storages
        A. Marouf N. Shayesteh S. E. Rostam-Kolaii
        Lasioderma serricorne (Fabricius) is one of the damaging agents in all producing stages of tobacco, from processing to cigarette, in almost all over the world. To control this pest in Iran every year costly fumigation programs are carried out which sometimes cause hygie More
        Lasioderma serricorne (Fabricius) is one of the damaging agents in all producing stages of tobacco, from processing to cigarette, in almost all over the world. To control this pest in Iran every year costly fumigation programs are carried out which sometimes cause hygienic problems for fumigation workers too. In this study four tobacco storages in Sari, Bandar-e-Torkman (2 stores), and Gorgan (totally 15575 m3) were fumigated with current recommended phosphine fumigation doses. That is, one 3-gram Phostoxin® tablet (Degesch; Germany) was used to fumigate every m3   of bales and tobacco boxes. For this purpose tablets were put in metal trays over the boxes covered by gas-proof plastic sheet for 96 hours. To investigate the efficiency of fumigation, pheromone traps were employed. Traps were examined from late June through early November every week and the numbers of collected insects were recorded. The results of the study revealed insect control failure in all the storages and insects had been trapped from the second week after phosphine treatment. The reason might be deficiency of current recommendations for fumigations or occurrence of resistance to phosphine due to these regions. Manuscript profile
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        44 - Repellent effect of Coconut soap (Palizin) against Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) and Lasioderma serricorne (F.) using three laboratory methods
        R. Sadeghi
        To alleviate insect pest problems in storage, synthetic pesticides are recommended, but their use may create toxicity to non-target organisms, development of resistance and residues in treated products. Under such circumstances the need for research to find a safe, conv More
        To alleviate insect pest problems in storage, synthetic pesticides are recommended, but their use may create toxicity to non-target organisms, development of resistance and residues in treated products. Under such circumstances the need for research to find a safe, convenient, durable and economically logical method is necessary. The application of repellents could be considered as a new control method in storage. In this study the repellency effect of Coconut soap (Palizin®) was assayed on Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) and Lasioderma serricorne (F.). Adults and larvae of T. castaneum and L. serricorne exposed to 0, 0.5, 1, 5 and 10% concentration of Coconut soap (Palizin®)  (botanical compound) using three techniques such as: filter papers, Y- shape Busvine tube and leaky glass bioassays. In each of three methods, the maximum repellency effect of Coconut soap (Palizin®)  was in concentration of 10%, and, the quantities were equal to 78.87, 74.27 and 56.93% for adults of T. castaneum and 72.70%, 85.86% and 45.60% for L. serricorne in Petri-dish, Y- shape Busvine tube and leaky glass techniques respectively. Manuscript profile
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        45 - Effect of Magnetic Water Consumption with A Solar Magnetizer Water in Different Tillage and Irrigation Methods on Corn Yield in South of Kerman
        Aminreza Jamshidi Mahdi Mozaffari Legha
        10.30495/sarj.2021.683253
        This study، in order to provide a suitable tillage method, more accurately estimate the water consumption of this crop per hectare, provide methods of water use efficiency with two types of ordinary water and magnetic. A split factorial experiment was conducted in a ran More
        This study، in order to provide a suitable tillage method, more accurately estimate the water consumption of this crop per hectare, provide methods of water use efficiency with two types of ordinary water and magnetic. A split factorial experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications in Jiroft city. The main treatment consisted of tillage method (Cyclotiller, Rotivator) and sub-treatments including two types of irrigation water (normal and magnetic) and two irrigation methods (Leakage, Linear drips) were selected. An innovative solar magnetic water device was used to irrigate the design. The effect of magnetic water on the type of irrigation showed very good and significant results at the level of 5%. The results showed that irrigation with magnetic water had a stimulating effect on the initial growth parameters of the plant, the coefficient of germination rate and germination percentage increased by 10 and 21%, respectively, compared to the control treatment. The highest 1000-seed weight with an average of 329.833 g was related to drip irrigation and the lowest value was related to leak irrigation treatment with an average of 327 g. Also, the use of cyclotiller and magnetic water in drip irrigation had a 22% increase in yield compared to the control treatment, so that the highest yield with 8800 kg/ha was related to tillage with cyclotiller and irrigation with magnetic water in drip irrigation system, Compared to other treatments. Manuscript profile
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        46 - The effect of plant density and nitrogen levels on the yield and yield components of maizecultivar (KSC 700) in moderate region of Kermanshah.
        فرهاد صادقی
        In order to evaluate the effect of planting density and nitrogen fertilizer rates on yield and yield components of maize cultivar (KSC 700), an experiment was conducted with four plots (69, 77, 85 and 93 thousand plant ha-1 ) and three sub-plot (150, 250 and 350 nitroge More
        In order to evaluate the effect of planting density and nitrogen fertilizer rates on yield and yield components of maize cultivar (KSC 700), an experiment was conducted with four plots (69, 77, 85 and 93 thousand plant ha-1 ) and three sub-plot (150, 250 and 350 nitrogen kg ha-1). The research was carried out in split plot experiment based on RCBD with 3 replications in research station of Islam Abad. The measured traits were included plant height and ear, seed number per row, row number per ear, 100 seed weight, seed weight per plant, ear weight and grain yield. Analysis of variance indicated that the effect of plat density was significant on 100 seed weight and ear weight at probability level of 1% and for plant height, the number of seeds per row, row number and grain yield per plant at 5% probability level. The effect of nitrogen fertilizer was meaningful on weight traits at 1% probability level for 100 seed weight, number of seeds per row, grain yield per plant at 5% probability level. The grain yield of four plant density had 9441, 12050, 10740 and 8098 kg ha-1 , and nitrogen fertilizer had 9362, 10140 kg ha-1, respectively. The treatment of 77000 pha-1 X 350 kgha-1 of nitrogen was significant at five percent level for more characters such as number of kernels per row, number of rows, seed weight and seed grain yield with 43.3, 18.5, 32.2 gr and 12870 kgha-1, respectively. Also grain yield of 77000 pha-1 X 250 kgha-1 on nitrogen treatment was better than the other treatments with 12260 kgha-1 . Manuscript profile
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        47 - Impact of Titanium on Growth and Forage Production of Maize (Zea mays L.) under Different Growth Stage
        Farshad Ghooshchi Mohammad Lotfi
        Manuscript profile
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        48 - Evaluation Effect of Copper Sulphate and Manganese on Yield and Chemical Markers of Maize under Water Deficit Condition
        Mohamad Reza Dadnia Reza Mori Sharyani
        Manuscript profile
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        49 - Determination Effect of Mycorrhiza and Vermicompost on Accumulation of Seed Nutrient Elements in Maize ( Zea mays L.) Affected by Chemical Fertilizer
        Hadis Karami Abbas Maleki Amin Fathi
        Manuscript profile
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        50 - Response of Phenological, Morphological Traits and Crop Production to Apply Different Level of Azospirillum and Azotobacter of Maize Genotypes
        Abbas soleymanifard
        Manuscript profile
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        51 - Assessment Maize Hybrids Response to Biological and Chemical Nitrogen Fertilizers
        Anise jorfi Mojtaba Alavi Fazel Adel Modhej
        Manuscript profile
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        52 - Application Methods of Iron and Zinc Chelates on Grain Yield and Their Absorption in Maize of Dezful City (Khuzestan Province, South west of Iran)
        Ali Khalafi Kamran Mohsenifar Ali Gholami Mohammad Barzegari
        Manuscript profile
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        53 - Maize (Zea mays L.) Agro-Physiological Response to Potassium and Iron Fertilizer under Water Deficit Stress
        Saeed Reza Yaghoobi Arash Roozbahani Mohammad Reza Akhavan Mohseni
        Manuscript profile
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        54 - Effect of Biological and Chemical Fertilizers on Yield and Yield Components of Some Maize Hybrids in South West of Iran (Shoushtar Region)
        Ayeh Makvandi Mojtaba Alavifazel Shahram Lack
        Manuscript profile
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        55 - Investigating Effect Different Level of Fertilizer, Biofertilizer and Sugarcane Compost on Agrophysiological Characteristics of Maize (S.C 703)
        Akbar Talebzadeh Keyvan Marashi
        Manuscript profile
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        56 - Maize (Zea mays L.) Response to Nitrogen Fertilizer under Drought Stress at Vegetative and Reproductive Stages
        Adel Modhej Maryam Davoodi Behrang Behdarvandi
        Manuscript profile
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        57 - Investigation Effect of Different Irrigation Regime and Super Absorbent Poly-mer on Seed Yield and Morphological Traits of Maize (Zea mays L.)
        Mahshid Kazempor Saeed Zakernejad
        Manuscript profile
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        58 - Influence of Zinc and Cadmium on Physiological and Biochemical Characteristics of Maize (Zea mays L.)
        Shokofeh Berenjani Mohamad Reza Dadnia Mani Mojaddam Nazli Derogar
        Manuscript profile
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        59 - Assess Effect of Vermicompost and Iron Nano Fertilizer on Morphological Traits and Chlorophyll Content of Zea mays L.
        Najmeh Razmandeh Saeed Zakernejad Khoshnaz Payandeh
        Manuscript profile
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        60 - ارزیابی کارایی مدلSALTMED در برآورد عملکرد محصول ذرت علوفه‎ای در شرایط رایج آبیاری در دشت‌های شهرکرد و خان‎میرزا
        حامد ریاحی فارسانی روح اله فتاحی نافچی
        امروزه حفظ منابع آب و خاک، بسیار مورد توجه مجامع مختلف بین­المللی قرار گرفته است و مدل­ها می‎توانند ابزارهای بسیار مفیدی برای مدیریت آب کشاورزی باشند. همچنین می­توانند در برنامه­ریزی آبیاری و محاسبه نیاز آبی گیاه و همچنین در پیش­بینی محصول به ما More
        امروزه حفظ منابع آب و خاک، بسیار مورد توجه مجامع مختلف بین­المللی قرار گرفته است و مدل­ها می‎توانند ابزارهای بسیار مفیدی برای مدیریت آب کشاورزی باشند. همچنین می­توانند در برنامه­ریزی آبیاری و محاسبه نیاز آبی گیاه و همچنین در پیش­بینی محصول به ما کمک کنند. در این پژوهش مدل SALTMED با استفاده از داده­های مزارع ذرت در دشت­های خان‎میرزا و شهرکرد برای شبیه‎سازی مقدار عملکرد محصول مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. نتایج حاصل از تجزیه و تحلیل داده­های مشاهده­ای و شبیه­سازی نشان داد تفاوت معنی‎داری بین این دو مقدار وجود ندارد. همچنین مقدار جذر میانگین مربعات خطا (RMSE) 84/9، ضریب جرم مانده (CRM) 127/0- و ضریب کارآیی مدل (EF) 329/0-  به­دست آمدند. تمام نتایج این تحقیق نشان می‎دهد که مدل SALTMED به طور موفقیت‎آمیزی می‎تواند ابزاری مناسب  برای مدیریت آبیاری و  پیش­بینی عملکرد محصول در مزارع تحت آبیاری استان چهارمحال و بختیاری باشد. Manuscript profile
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        61 - محاسبه تبخیر- تعرق با ضریب گیاهی یک جزئی و دو جزئی برای گیاه ذرت در طول فصل رشد
        پیام کمالی سید ابراهیم هاشمی گرمدره
        تعیین مقدار تبخیر و تعرق (نیاز آبی گیاه) یک مؤلفه مهم در تعیین بیلان آب و بودجه­بندی آبیاری می­باشد. هدف از این مطالعه محاسبه تبخیر و تعرق گیاه ذرت با ضریب گیاهی یک جزئی و دو جزئی و مقایسه آنهاست. منطقه مورد بررسی مزرعه آموزشی و پژوهشی پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیع More
        تعیین مقدار تبخیر و تعرق (نیاز آبی گیاه) یک مؤلفه مهم در تعیین بیلان آب و بودجه­بندی آبیاری می­باشد. هدف از این مطالعه محاسبه تبخیر و تعرق گیاه ذرت با ضریب گیاهی یک جزئی و دو جزئی و مقایسه آنهاست. منطقه مورد بررسی مزرعه آموزشی و پژوهشی پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران است. در این مطالعه ضریب گیاهی به صورت یک جزئی و دو جزئی برای گیاه ذرت در طول دوره رشد 100 روزه محاسبه شد. نتایج نشان داد که بیشترین تفاوتی که در ضریب گیاهی یک جزئی و دو جزئی و در نهایت در تبخیر- تعرق محاسبه شده توسط این دو ضریب برای گیاه ذرت وجود دارد، در مرحله اولیه رشد است. با توجه به اینکه در ضریب گیاهی دو جزئی مقدار تبخیر در مراحل اولیه رشد که سطح خاک لخت است، در نظر گرفته می­شود، مقدار تبخیر-تعرق کل محاسبه شده با ضریب گیاهی دو جزئی (602 میلی­متر) بیشتر از مقدار تبخیر- تعرق کل محاسبه شده با ضریب گیاهی یک جزئی  (5/557 میلی­متر) است. Manuscript profile
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        62 - The inhibitory activity and phytochemical of Artemisia absinthiumL. and Oxalis corniculata L. extracts against pathogens from tomato in vitro
        mohamadreza majid Khoshkholgh Pahlaviani alireza Massiha
        The inhibitory activity and phytochemical of Artemisia absinthiumL. and Oxalis corniculata L. extracts against pathogens from tomato in vitro
        The inhibitory activity and phytochemical of Artemisia absinthiumL. and Oxalis corniculata L. extracts against pathogens from tomato in vitro Manuscript profile
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        63 - Comparison of physicochemical properties and fatty acid profile of salicornia oil with iranica, persica Akhani and persplitana varieties
        Behzad Rahnatzadeh Simin Asadollahi Leila Nateghi
        AbstractRecently, with the growth of public knowledge, people desire to consume oils that in addition to providing energy and flavor, is also beneficial to health. It has been reported that 96% of the oil consumed in Iran is imported, while the potential for growing cro More
        AbstractRecently, with the growth of public knowledge, people desire to consume oils that in addition to providing energy and flavor, is also beneficial to health. It has been reported that 96% of the oil consumed in Iran is imported, while the potential for growing crops similar to salicornia that can grow in saline soils and habitats in Iran is significant. in this study, salicornia plant was used as an oil source in the production of blend oils. In this study ,Physicochemical properties assessment of salicornia plant (fatty acid profile, acidity, refractive index, iodine, density, soap number, percentage of extracted oil, oxidative stability, peroxide) in three varieties of salicornia variety )Persica, Salicornia perplitana and Iranica) were examined. The results showed that the amount of oil extracted efficiency in Salicornia varieties was significantly(p≤ 0.05) , respectively of iranica 001/0± 9/15 % , persplitana  002/0± 700/5% and persica Akhani 002/0± 800/8% and in gas chromatography test 10 types of fatty acid profiles in extraction oils as well as formulated oils were analyzed. Among these, linolenic fatty acids varieties was significantly(p≤ 0.05) ,  in different varieties were iranica 005/0± 946/2% , persplitana 010/0± 230/3and persica Akhani 005/0± 133/42 , respectively. Manuscript profile
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        64 - The Effect of Drought Stress and Biological Fertilizer on Yield and Yield Components of Maize
        Masood Shirzadi Keyvan Shams
        In order to investigate the effect of biological fertilizers (Azetobarvar-1 and Phosphate Barvar-2) on yield and yield components of corn (S.C. 704) under low irrigation conditions in second cropping, a split plot experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block More
        In order to investigate the effect of biological fertilizers (Azetobarvar-1 and Phosphate Barvar-2) on yield and yield components of corn (S.C. 704) under low irrigation conditions in second cropping, a split plot experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications during 2016-2017. The main plots consisted of irrigation interruption at 8 leaf stage, emergence of male inflorescence and normal irrigation as control. Fertilizer treatments were considered as subplots including Azetobacter-1, Phosphate Barvar-2 and the combination of Azetobarvar-1 and Phosphate Barvar-2. The results showed that irrigation and fertilizer treatments had significant effect on corn height, stem diameter, ear diameter and ear length, number of rows per ear, number of seeds per row, 1000 seed weight, biological yield, grain yield and harvest index. Most of the studied traits were declined due to irrigation interruption, but the impact of irrigation interruption at emergence of male inflorescence stage was more pronounced on 1000 seed weight, seed number per row, grain yield and harvest index. the combined use of Azetobarvar-1 and Phosphate Barvar-2 enhanced the plant height, number of seeds per row, biological yield and grain yield of corn by about 10.7, 31.2, 10.6 and 33.7 percent compared to the use of Azetobarvar-1 and 18.7, 3 / 17, 16.5 and 11%, respectively, in comparison with Phosphate Barvar-2 under irrigation interruption at the emergence of male inflorescence stage. Manuscript profile
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        65 - Evaluation of changes in nitrogen, zinc, potassium sources and their combined application on some growth factors and physiological traits flavonoid , phenolic compounds and Anthocyanin of maize (Zea mays L.) cultivar single cross 704
        Tahereh Tavan Mohammad Ali Rezaei Mehr Ali Mahmood Janlou
        10.30495/zisti.2023.1999247.1178
        Introduction: Corn is one of the valuable agricultural plants whose diversity, adaptability and high nutritional value have placed it among the most important agricultural plants in the world. Foliar spraying of nitrogen, zinc and potassium fertilizers on corn plants ca More
        Introduction: Corn is one of the valuable agricultural plants whose diversity, adaptability and high nutritional value have placed it among the most important agricultural plants in the world. Foliar spraying of nitrogen, zinc and potassium fertilizers on corn plants can provide farmers and researchers with very good information about the effect of nitrogen, zinc and potassium fertilizer consumption in the climatic conditions of Golestan province.Aim: Considering the medicinal effects of corn cob and its importance in medicine and the presence of special effective substances in this connection in corn silk, it seems that their quantity and quality are affected by the use of nitrogen, zinc, and potassium. Therefore, examining these changes is one of the practical goals of this research.Materials and methods: In order to evaluate the changes resulted from nitrogen, zinc, potassium and their simultaneous application were done on some morphophysiological traits of single cross 704 hybrid maize as a randomized complete block design with four replications in spring and summer of 2019 in Golestan province, the Katoul farm. Treatments included nitrogen(N), potassium(P), zinc(Z) fertilizer and combined application of nitrogen+potassium(NP), nitrogen+zinc(NZ), potassium+zinc(PZ) and their combined application of nitrogen+potassium+zinc(NPZ) with control. The results showed the traits were affected by fertilizer sources significantly (p≤ 0.01).Results: The studied treatments had a significant effect on the traits of height to the first corn, number of rows, ear length and ear diameter at the time of full ripening at the probability level of (p≤ 0.01). With the application of zinc, nitrogen and potassium elements, a significant increase in the content of phenolic compounds of leaves, silk and corn seeds was observed. The flavonoids of leaves, silk and seeds were influenced by the supply of nitrogen (N), zinc (Zn), potassium (K) fertilizers and their simultaneous application. Leaf anthocyanin in foliar spraying treatments with single potassium fertilizer, due to creating optimal conditions, most of the current energy of the plant was spent in the direction of growth, development and increasing the yield of treated plants, so the biosynthesis and production of anthocyanin in corn leaves with single application of potassium was less, but silk anthocyanin And the seed with single application of potassium and simultaneous application of potassium+nitrogen, potassium+zinc, potassium+nitrogen+zinc showed a significant increase compared to the control. Conclusion: according to the obtained results, the simultaneous application of fertilizers is recommended to increase the morpho-physiological traits and yield of plants. Manuscript profile
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        66 - Performance of Mid-rise Buildings with Tubular Structure Under the Effect of Near Field Earthquakes
        Hooman Mazlooma Maryam Firoozi Nezamabadi
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        67 - Grouping of Late Maturing Corn Hybrids in Relation to some Agronomic Traits
        S. Mohammadi L. Alivand F. Farahvash H. Hamzeh K. Anvari S. Arefi
        Study the relationships of some agronomic traits with grain yield of 14 late maturing corn hybrids, an experiment based in RCBD with four replications was carried out at Miyandoab Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Station in 2009. Results showed that there wer More
        Study the relationships of some agronomic traits with grain yield of 14 late maturing corn hybrids, an experiment based in RCBD with four replications was carried out at Miyandoab Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Station in 2009. Results showed that there were significant differences among corn hybrids for plant and ear height, number of kernel row and kernel numbers per ear, 1000 kernel weight, biological yield and grain yield. Hybrid KLM76005 × MO17 produced highest grain yield. Grain yield had high positive significant correlations with biological yield and harvest index. Stepwise regression analysis showed that traits like harvest index, biological yield and 1000 kernel weight justified the grain yield variation. Path analysis indicated that these traits had the highest positive direct and significant effect on grain yield. Based on the cluster analysis results, corn hybrids under study divided into 5 groups. Groups number 2 and 3 in cluster analysis did have higher mean values for effective traits on grain yield (harvest index, biological yield and 1000 kernel weight) as compared to the others. Grain yield had negative significant correlation with GDD at tasseling time and total GDD during growing season. Based on principle components analysis basic vector values two factors explained data total variation by 80.3 %. Based on results obtained it can be concluded that Hybrid KLM76005 × MO17 due to its higher biological yield and harvest index would be the best option to be recommended. Manuscript profile
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        68 - Effect of Seed Inoculation with Nitragin and Different Levels of Nitrogen Fertilizer on Yield and Yield Components of Corn
        S. Baser khochehbagh B. Mirshekari F. Farahvash A. Javanshir
        In order to study the effect of seed inoculation with Nitragin and different levels of nitrogen fertilizer on yield and yield components of corn (Zea mays L.) a factorial experiment based on randomized complete blocks design in three replications was performed at Islami More
        In order to study the effect of seed inoculation with Nitragin and different levels of nitrogen fertilizer on yield and yield components of corn (Zea mays L.) a factorial experiment based on randomized complete blocks design in three replications was performed at Islamic Azad University, the Tabriz branch. Treatments were 6 urea fertilizer levels (0, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 kg/ha) and two levels of Nitragin (inoculated and non-inoculated seed). Results indicated that the highest number of seed per corn row and number of seed per plant were obtained from 120 kg/ha urea application. Using 150 and 120 kg/ha of urea resulted in seed yield of 10.7 and 10 T/ha respectively. Effect of Nitragin on grain yield of corn was significant. Inoculation of seed with Nitragin increased seed yield (9.50 T/ha) as compared with that of it can, thus, be concluded that  bio-fertilization of corn seed by Nitrogin would improve yield similar to that of 120 kg/ha urea application. Manuscript profile
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        69 - The Effect of Different Interference Periods of Weeds on, Leaf Area Index, Yield and Yield Components of Corn Hybrid
        H. Shahi B. Mirshekari A. Valad Abadi A. Dabbag-e-Mohammadi Nasab
        Different interference periods of weed on leaf area index, yield and yield components of corn hybrids were investigated in a factorial experiment conducted of Research Station of Faculty of Agriculture, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz Brach, based on randomized complete More
        Different interference periods of weed on leaf area index, yield and yield components of corn hybrids were investigated in a factorial experiment conducted of Research Station of Faculty of Agriculture, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz Brach, based on randomized complete block design in three replicates in 2007. The treatments consisted of weed interference periods (interference at 2 – 4 leaf Stage, 4 – 6 leaf, 6 –8 leaf stages, full season weed interference and weed free control plot) and three corn hybrids (504, 604 and 704). Results showed that the traits such as biological yield, leaf area index and number of grain per plant in a row were affected by weed interference treatments and maize hybrids significantly. While the grain yield, and harvest index were influenced by corn hybrids, significantly. But there was not significant difference in weed interference treatments. Biological yield and leaf area index in full season weed interference in comparison with weed free control plot reduced by 25%, 48%, respectively. In this study 504 hybrid with grain yield 5.8 tha-1, biological yield 11.6 t.ha-1 and harvest index 49% was found to be better than hybrids 604 and 704 hybrids.  Manuscript profile
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        70 - Effects of Soil Salinization and Waterlogging on the Concentrations of Some Macronutrients and Sodium in Corn Root
        نصرت اله Najafi
        Salinity and waterlogging are two abiotic stresses decrease plants yield. In this research, the effects of soil salinization and waterlogging having concentrations of calcium (Ca), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg) and sodium (Na) and K:Na ratio in corn (Zea mays cv. single More
        Salinity and waterlogging are two abiotic stresses decrease plants yield. In this research, the effects of soil salinization and waterlogging having concentrations of calcium (Ca), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg) and sodium (Na) and K:Na ratio in corn (Zea mays cv. single cross 704) root were studied under greenhouse conditions. A factorial experiment with two factors on the basis of completely randomized design with three replications was performed. The factors under study were: waterlogging duration in five levels (0, 2, 4, 8, 20 days) and soil saturate extract salinity in four levels (0.11, 2, 4, 8 dS/m). A loamy sand soil for plant growth substrate and NaCl salt for establishing the levels of salinity was used. The salinity and waterlogging factors were imposed simultaneously to the plants from the five-leaf stage of plant growth period. The plants were harvested 60 days after sowing and the concentrations of Ca, K, Mg and Na in corn root were determined by dry ashi method. The results showed that by increasing the level of NaCl salinity in the soil, the K concentration and K:Na ratio of corn root were decreased significantly but concentrations of Ca, Mg and Na in corn root were increased significantly. The Mg and Na concentrations of root in waterlogged conditions were significantly lower than that of non-waterlogged conditions but the K and Ca concentrations of root in waterlogged conditions were significantly greater than non-waterlogged conditions. However, the effects of soil waterlogging duration on the Ca, K, Mg and Na concentrations and Na:K ratio of root were dependent on the level of NaCl salinity in the soil. The results demonstrated that even short periods of soil waterlogging had considerable long-term effects on the concentrations of Ca, K, Mg and Na and K:Na ratio in corn root under saline and non-saline conditions. Manuscript profile
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        71 - Study of the Effect Harvest Time on Quantitative and Qualitative Characteristics of Corn (Zea mays L) Forage
        A. Ghanbari A. Ahmadian B. Mir E. Arazmjo
        To study the effects of harvest time on quantity and quality of corn forage, this research was conducted ot University of Zabol in 2005. Experiment carried out in randomized complete block design with four replications and three different harvest times at tassel emergen More
        To study the effects of harvest time on quantity and quality of corn forage, this research was conducted ot University of Zabol in 2005. Experiment carried out in randomized complete block design with four replications and three different harvest times at tassel emergence (H1), milked stage (H2) and dough stage (H3). Result of statistical analysis showed that effect of harvest time on traits like plant height, weight of leaves, stem, ear, dry matter and dry matter yield per hectare were significant. Highest plant, ear weight and dry matter achived from H3 treatment harvest at dough stage. Highest leaf weight, stem and number of leaves achieved from H1 treatment harvest at milk stage. Delayed harvest changed quality of corn forage; and resulted in increases in dry matter, fatty percentage, ADF, ADL and NDF. Highest carbohydrate content obtained in H2 treatment harvest dough stage and then decreased drastically. Concentrations of most nutrients content of the forage at different harvest times were not affected. Ash and crude protein content of forage did not change after H1 treatment. According to the results of this research, in can be concluded that harvesting the forage at mike stage increases both quality and quantity of corn forage.  Manuscript profile
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        72 - The Effects of Different Sources of Phosphorous and its Solubilizing Bacteria on Growth of the Hybrid Corn (KSC 704)
        سلیمان Mohammadi L. Houshmand H. Kazemi-e- Arbat V. Rashidi S. Arefi
        To study the effects of phosphorous of different sources and its solubilizing bacteria on the corn growth an experiment was conducted at Miyandoab Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Station in 2005 in Iran. The arrangement of experiment was factorial based on R More
        To study the effects of phosphorous of different sources and its solubilizing bacteria on the corn growth an experiment was conducted at Miyandoab Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Station in 2005 in Iran. The arrangement of experiment was factorial based on RCB design with three replications. Treatments consisted of four levels of phosphate solubilizing bacteria: control, thiobacillus bacteria, phosphate solubilizing bacteria and Thiobacillus bacteria and phosphate solubilizing bacteria and three levels of fertilizer: without fertilizer, rock phosphate and triple super phosphate. In this study 0.5 m2 of each plot was sampled every 15 days intervals and were studied the dry matter per unit area (TDM), leaf area index (LAI), crop growth rate (CGR) and relative growth rate (RGR) were analyzed. The results showed that the application of thiobacillus bacteria + phosphate solubilizing bacteria + triple super phosphate increased total dry matter (TDM) and crop growth rate (CGR), while relative growth rate (RGR), decreased. LAI increased slowly during early growing stage but increased rapidly when growth proceeded. The highest LAI (4.3), TDM (3451 gr/m2) and CGR (5.41 gr/m2) were obtained from the application of thiobacillus + phosphate solubilizing bacteria triple super phosphate. Similar results were obtained by the application of thiobacillus + phosphate solubilizing bacteria + rock phosphate. It seems that application of thiobacillus + phosphate solubilizing bacteria is useful for availability of phosphorous to plant. Also, application of rock phosphate, due to low cost, availability of phosphorous to plant and its decreased effect on environment pollution can be used instead of other sources of phosphate fertilizers such as triple super phosphate.   Manuscript profile
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        73 - Investigation of Delay Sowing Date, Plant Density and Harvest Method on Yield and Yield Components of Baby corn (Zea mays L.) var. KSC403 su
        K. Kalarestaghi A. Rahmani S. Khavari- Khorasani
        This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of different sowing dates and plant density on quantitative and qualitative yield of baby corn var. KSC403 su (Zea mays L.). The experiment was performed in at the Agricultural Research and Natural Resources of Khorasan R More
        This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of different sowing dates and plant density on quantitative and qualitative yield of baby corn var. KSC403 su (Zea mays L.). The experiment was performed in at the Agricultural Research and Natural Resources of Khorasan Razavi Province, Mashhad, Iran in 2008 growing season. The experiment was carried out in a factorial split plot based on randomized completely block design with four replications. The sowing dates (14th June, 3th July, 24th July) were used as the main factor and combination of plant densities (65000, 85000 and 105000 plant.ha-1) along with the two harvest methods (baby corn ,sweet corn and their combinations) as sub factor. The results showed significant differences among sowing dates for plant height, ear height, stem diameter, ear length, ear diameter, husked and dehusked baby corn yield. The maximum baby corn yield was harvested from 3rd sowing date (8095kg.ha-1). The plant density had significant effects on traits like stem diameter, husked and dehusked ear yield , standard ear percentage and sub- standard ear percentage. Therefore, significant differences between harvest method for plant height, ear height, dehusked and husked baby corn yields were obtained. Finally, the interaction of sowing date and plant density and harvest method was significant only for standard and sub-standard ear percentage. Thus, sowing date of July 24th and with planting density (105000 plants/ha) is recommended for maximum husked baby corn yield. Manuscript profile
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        74 - Evaluation of Grain Yield and Some Agronomic Traits of Tow Corn (Zea mays) Varieties as a Second Crop under Drought Stress and Application of Cycocel
        M. Roshdi M. Yarnia F. Hashemzadeh
        To evaluate grain yield and some agronomic traits of tow corn varieties as a second crop under drought stress and application of cycocel an experiment was conducted at Agricultural Research Station of Jahad-Keshavarsi of Khoy during summer growing season of 2005.  More
        To evaluate grain yield and some agronomic traits of tow corn varieties as a second crop under drought stress and application of cycocel an experiment was conducted at Agricultural Research Station of Jahad-Keshavarsi of Khoy during summer growing season of 2005.  Experimental design was a split-split plot based on RCBD with four replications. The factors consisted of irrigation as the main factor with three levels (irrigation after 70±5, 100±5 and 130±5 mm evaporation from class A pan), varieties 260 and 301 of corn as subfactor and application of different rates of cycocel (with and without application) as sub-subfactor. Results showed that drought stress reduced plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves and the leaf area index, biological yield and grain yield. Application of cycocel increased the stem diameter, biological yield and grain yield as compared with not application of cycocel. Generally, It can be concluded that irrigation after 70 mm evaporation and the application of cycocel can play major roles in increasing corn grain yield. Manuscript profile
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        75 - The Effect of Irrigation Regime on Yield and Some of Physiological and Morphological Traits in 8 Lines and Cultivars of Pea
        A. Behrouzmand M. Yarnia M.B. Khorshidi Benam
        This research was conducted in order to evaluate effects of irrigation levels on yield and yield components of 8 pea lines and cultivars at research station of faculty of agriculture in Islamic Azad University, Tabriz branch in 2010 growth season. The experiment was con More
        This research was conducted in order to evaluate effects of irrigation levels on yield and yield components of 8 pea lines and cultivars at research station of faculty of agriculture in Islamic Azad University, Tabriz branch in 2010 growth season. The experiment was conducted in split plot form based on completely block design with three replications. Treatments were irrigation levels: Irrigation after 70, 105 and 140 mm evaporation from pan as main plot, and lines and cultivars of pea: Jam, Azad, FLIP 00-78C, FLIP 97- 32C, FLIP 00-75C, FLIP 97-26C, ILC8617 and ILC 482 as sub plot. Results showed that the highest branch number per plant, number of pod and number of grain per plant were obtained in ILC 482 and the lowest number grain per plant were obtained in FLIP00-78c and ILC 86 17. The higher values for grain yield (208 g.m-2) were obtained in ILC 482.  In comparison to irrigation after 70 mm evaporation from the evaporation pan, the irrigation after 105 and 140 mm evaporation caused 23 and 45% decreases in the leaf area, 29 and 52% in number of grain per plant, 11 and 23 % in 1000 kernel weight, 29 and 51 % in pod number per plant, respectively. Irrigation after 105 and 140 mm evaporation from the evaporation pan, led to 27 and 64% reduction in grain yield, so in production of pea should be considered to value of water and yield of crop.  Manuscript profile
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        76 - Evaluation of the Effects of Integrated Management Weed Control on Corn Field by Using Reduced Dose of Foramsulfuron and Nicosulfuron Herbicides
        M. Matinfar M. Matinfar F. Lotfi Mavi A.R. Shayestehnia
        In order to evaluate the effects of integrated weed management on weed control by using reduced herbicide dose, a field experiment was conducted in 2010 in Qazvin. The experiment was conducted in randomized complete block design with 24 treatments and 4 replications. Th More
        In order to evaluate the effects of integrated weed management on weed control by using reduced herbicide dose, a field experiment was conducted in 2010 in Qazvin. The experiment was conducted in randomized complete block design with 24 treatments and 4 replications. The treatments were: different planting patterns at three levels (single row, square double rows and zigzag double row  plantings) and doses of  Nicosulfuron and Foramsulfuron application at four levels (1, 1/5, 2 and 2/5 liters per hectare), The results showed that among the different planting patterns, zigzag planting reduced weed populations and their dry weights significantly. Foramsulfuron herbicide could control weeds better than Nicosulfuron. Among the herbicide dosages, 2/5 litter dose per hectare highly reduced weed density its dry weight as compared to one litter dose. Manuscript profile
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        77 - Density on Seed Yield and Yield Components of Corn Hybrids
        سید محسن Mousavi Nik
        In order to study the effect of plant density on seed yield and its components, a field experiment was conducted in 2007-2008 in Firouz-Abad province of Fars, Iran. The experiment was a split plot based on randomized completely block design with three replications. Main More
        In order to study the effect of plant density on seed yield and its components, a field experiment was conducted in 2007-2008 in Firouz-Abad province of Fars, Iran. The experiment was a split plot based on randomized completely block design with three replications. Main plots consisted of four corn varieties [late maturing 704 (V1), mid maturing 604 (V2), early maturing 370 (V3) and mid maturing 647 (V4)] and Sub plots four plant densities [6.5 plant/m-2 (D1), 7.5 plant/m-2 (D2), 8.5 plant/m-2 (D3) and 9.5 plant/m-2 (D4)]. The results showed that the highest grain yield, grain number per ear row, 1000-grains weight, biologic yield, plant height, stem diameter, ear length belonged to late maturing 704; and highest grain number per  ear and harvest index were by mid maturing 647 and early maturing 370. Reaction of traits in hybrids to increase in density were different. For example, hybrid 704 produced highest yield so with 7.5 plant.m-2, hybrids 604 and 647 from 8.5 plant.m-2 and hybrid 370 with 9.5 plant.m-2. In all of the hybrids used increase in plant density from 6.5 to 9.5 plant.m-2. Grain number per ear row, grain number per ear, stem diameter and ear length descreased. Manuscript profile
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        78 - Effects of Integrated Weed Management on Forage Corn (Zea mays) in Miyaneh Region, Iran
        F. Lotfi Mavi J. Daneshian A. Moradi Agdam M. Moradi Agdam
        As factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design with four replications was carried out to evaluate the effects of weed management on yield and components yield of corn silage in Miyaneh region in the summer of 2009. Treatments were cultivation (with an More
        As factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design with four replications was carried out to evaluate the effects of weed management on yield and components yield of corn silage in Miyaneh region in the summer of 2009. Treatments were cultivation (with and without), herbicides (Foramsulfuron, Nicosulfuron and 2,4-D+MCPA) and without controlling weed as control treatment. The results indicated that application of herbicides significantly influenced weeds dry weight at 1% probability level. The highest and lowest percentage loss of weeds dry weight were related to Foramsulfuron and 2,4-D+MCPA, respectively, which were significantly different from other herbicides (Nicosulfuron). Cultivation was significantly effective on weeds dry weight as compared with non cultivation treatment. The results, also, indicated that cultivation and herbicides significantly affected increasing the biological and grain yields compared to non weeds control treatment. The highest biological and grain yield increase were obtained by 59.1% and 57.2% due to cultivation treatment and by 51.8% and 58.2% due to Foramsulfuron herbicide application, respectively. The lowest biological and grain yield was obtained by application of Nicosulfuron herbicide which was statistically comparable to that of 2,4-D+MCPA herbicide treatment.  Manuscript profile
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        79 - Effects of Nitrogen and Phosphorous Biofertilizers on Yield and Yield Components of Corn AS71 in Dareh-shahr, Iran
        A. Fathi A. Farnia A. Maleki
        Biofertilizers are inputs that naturally supplement replace chemical fertilizers and they are recommended in sustainable agriculture. To study the effects of biological fertilizers on yield and yield components of corn, a factorial experiment in randomized complete bloc More
        Biofertilizers are inputs that naturally supplement replace chemical fertilizers and they are recommended in sustainable agriculture. To study the effects of biological fertilizers on yield and yield components of corn, a factorial experiment in randomized complete block design with three replications were conducted at Dareh-shahr, Iran in 2010. Biological factors were 4 levels of nitrogen biofertilizers (nitroxin, nitrokara, supernitroplus and control) and 4 levels of phosphorus biofertilizers (biophosphore, phosphate fertilized 2, MC1 and control). Results showed that biological nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers had significant effects on all traits under study. Interaction of nitrogen biological fertilizer × phosphate biological fertilizer was significant on 100 seed weight (P<0.01) and the number of grains per ear row (P<0.05). Applying super nitroplus increased seed yield up to 9125 kg/ha, which is 47% more than control. Use of biological phosphate fertilizer produced 36% more seed yield 9149 kg/ha compared with control treatment. Generally, the use of biological nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers improves yield and yield components appreciably in corn. Manuscript profile
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        80 - Thermal Requirement and the Response of Corn Hybrids (Zea mays L.) to Different Planting Dates in Isfahan
        P. Vafa M. Barary H. Darkhal R. Naseri
        To study the thermal requirements of grain corn hybrids, at different planting dates, a field experiment was carried out in the Agricultural Research Center of Isfahan, Iran in 2007 - 2008. It was conducted in split plot arrangement based on randomized complete block de More
        To study the thermal requirements of grain corn hybrids, at different planting dates, a field experiment was carried out in the Agricultural Research Center of Isfahan, Iran in 2007 - 2008. It was conducted in split plot arrangement based on randomized complete block design with three replications. Planting dates (June, 5- June, 20 and July, 5) were assigned to main plots and hybrids (BC404، KSC320، OSSK552، KSC500، OSSK713 and KSC704) to sub plots. Results indicated that there was no significant difference for growing degree-days (GDD) requirements from planting to germination among hybrids and planting dates. However, KSC704 hybrid in the first planting date needed the highest GDD during its different growth stages. KSC 500 hybrid with 6.31 (t/ha) and OSSK 713 hybrid with 6.48 (t/ha) produced the highest grain yields. The highest number of grains per ear row belonged to KSC320 Hybrid (18.83). KSC704, OSSK713, OSSK 552, and BC404 possessed the highest kernels per ear row, 44.63, 44.59 and 44.74 kernels respectively. The highest thousand kernel weight (288.12 g) was also observed in BC 404 hybrids. The highest protein content was related to the third planting date. However, its percentages in all hybrids, except KSC 320 hybrid, were similar. KSC 500 hybrid had the highest phosphorous content (243 mg/100g). The highest plant disease incidences were observed in KSC 320 and KSC 404 hybrids. KSC 704 hybrid, in the mean time, showed the highest ear contamination percentage. The conclusion is that OSSK713 hybrid and the second planting date produced the highest seed yield in Isfahan, Iran. Manuscript profile
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        81 - Evaluating the Effect of Amount of Wheat Straw and Stubble Residues and Urea Fertilizer on Yield and Yield Components of Corn (Zea mays L.)
        S. Safikhani M. Azarnia
        To investigate the effect of different amounts of wheat stubbe residues and urea fertilizer levels on yield and yield components of maize (Zea mays L.) SC. 704, an experiment was carried out, at the Agricultural Research Station, University of Agriculture and Natural Re More
        To investigate the effect of different amounts of wheat stubbe residues and urea fertilizer levels on yield and yield components of maize (Zea mays L.) SC. 704, an experiment was carried out, at the Agricultural Research Station, University of Agriculture and Natural Resources Ramin Khuzestan, during the growing season of 2007. The experiment was split plot based on randomized complete block design with two factors and four replications. The treatments consisted of four levels of nitrogen, as main factor, and six different amounts of wheat residues, as subplot factor. Main plot treatments were: a1= 425, a2= 450, a3= 475 and a4= 500 kg/ha urea fertilizer and subplot treatments were: b1= the all wheat residues (100%), b2= 75, b3= 50 and b4= 25 % of wheat residues, b5= without straw and stubble, b6= burning of wheat residues. The resulats revealed that the effects of urea fertilizer and wheat stubble rate on all traits under study and intractions on seed number per ear and ear number per unit area weresignificant. It was also indicated that high levels of wheat residues reduced corn seed yield and its components. The results also showed that turning under the 50-75 percent residue into the soil before planting corn and not using stubble not only don’t reduce seed yield and its components , they also increase in the long run soil organic matter. Manuscript profile
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        82 - Growth Analysis of Six Corn Hybrids Under Drought Conditions in Kermansh Province, Iran
        G. Fallahi A. Hatami R. Naseri
        To study the effect of water deficit on growth indices of different maize hybrid, a split plot experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replications was carried out at Agriculture Research Station of Kermanshah during 2006. Different levels of wat More
        To study the effect of water deficit on growth indices of different maize hybrid, a split plot experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replications was carried out at Agriculture Research Station of Kermanshah during 2006. Different levels of water irrigation (full irrigation, stress before tasseling and stress after pollination and embryo formation) were measured assigned to main plots and maize hybrids (SC500, SC582, SC647, SC666, SC700 and SC704) to subplots. To determine growth indices including leaf area index, crop growth rate, dry matter accumulation, relative growth rate and net accumulation rate means of 14 times sampling were calculated. Results indicated that growth trend for leaf area index, crop growth rate, dry matter accumulation, relative growth rate and net accumulation rate in corn hybrids were similar, but they were different for levels of irrigation significantly. In such a way that drought stress decreased growth indices. The highest growth indices were obtained from full irrigation and lowest values from drought before tasseling. Manuscript profile
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        83 - Evaluation of Spring Sweet Corn (Zea mays var saccharata) Production in Different Planting Date under Plastic Cover in Gachsaran Province
        H. Naraki, H. Faraji M. Movahedi Dehnavi S.K. Didgah
        In order to evaluate the performance of spring sweet corn (Zea mays var saccharata) at different planting dates under plastic cover, a split plot experiment based on RCBD with three replications was conducted in Gachsaran, in southwest of Iran, during 2009-2010 growing More
        In order to evaluate the performance of spring sweet corn (Zea mays var saccharata) at different planting dates under plastic cover, a split plot experiment based on RCBD with three replications was conducted in Gachsaran, in southwest of Iran, during 2009-2010 growing season. Four sweet corn hybrids (Merit, Challenger, Chase and Basin) were used as main factor and five sowing date (15th and 25th Jan, 4th, 14th and 24th Feb) as sub factor. The results showed that hybrid effect was significant on the days to tassel and ear emergence, days to harvest, ear harvest index, ear length, number of row per each ear, wet biological yield and 1000 grains weight, at 1%, and ear wet yield and grain yield harvest index at 5% probability levels. Also the effect of sowing date was significant on the days to tassel and ear emergence, days to harvest, ear wet yield, ear harvest index, ear diameter, ear length, biological yield, and 1000 grains weight at the 1% probability level. 'Basin' and 'Chase' hybrids were determined to have highest and lowest ear wet yield (17.09 and 15.13 t.ha-1) respectively. The highest and the lowest wet ear yield (16.81 and 15.06 t.ha-1) belonged to 15th Jan. and 24th Feb. respectively. 'Basin' hybrid and 'Challenger' with 8.39 and 7.59 t.ha-1 grain yield were found to be highest and lowest yields. The highest and the lowest grain yield (8.41 t.ha-1 7.45 t.ha-1) were recorded for 15th Jan. and 24th Feb. respectively.' Merit' and 'Chase' hybrids were determined to have longest and shortest days to ear harvest (94.3 and 86.2 days). Longest and shortest days to ear harvest (101.5 and 82 days) were recorded in 4th Jan. and 24th Feb. Sowing date and hybrids interaction effects showed that the longest and shortest days to ear harvest (104.7 and 78.3 days) were calculated in 4th Jan. of Merit and in 24th Feb. for Chase. Based on these results, it can be concluded that 'Basin' hybrid Feb. 24 is the most suitable cultivar to be produced in Gachsaran. Manuscript profile
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        84 - Determination of Some Effective Traits on Corn (Zea mays L.) Yield by Using Biofertilizer under Water Deficit Stress Conditions
        M. Hosseini A. Roozbahani امین Azadi
        To identify the most effective traits on corn yield by using biofertilizer under water deficit stress, an experiment was carried out in split plot based on randomized complete block design with three replications in Hashtgerd region in 2012. In this experiment, water More
        To identify the most effective traits on corn yield by using biofertilizer under water deficit stress, an experiment was carried out in split plot based on randomized complete block design with three replications in Hashtgerd region in 2012. In this experiment, water deficit stress, as the main factor, consisted of four levels (control, stress at flowering, stress at grain filling and stress at both flowering and grain filling stages). Biological fertilizers as sub-plot consisted of four levels of biological fertilizer applications (control, application of Nytrazhyn, application of Barvar 2 fertile and application of both fertilizer Nytrazhyn and Barvar 2). Traits evaluated were seed yield, harvest index, 100 seed weight, number of ears per square meter, number of rows per ear, number of seed per row, weight, diameter and length of seeds. To determine the most effective traits simple correlation, stepwise regression analysis, path analysis and principal component analysis were performed. Multivariate analysis showed that harvest index, 100 grain weight and number of ears per square meter were highly effective on grain yield. They explained 77% and 66% of the total variance under both normal and drought stress conditions respectivly. The highest direct positive effect was related to harvest index under both conditions. To improving seed yielding potential of corn under water deficite cinditions emphasis should be placed mainly on the selection of genotypes with higher harvest indices. Manuscript profile
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        85 - The Effect of Row Spacing, Plant Population and Planting Pattern on Yield and Yield Components of Corn (SC 704) in Double Cropping
        M. Ramezani R. Rezaei Sokht-Abandani
        To evaluate the effect of row spacing, plant population and planting pattern on yield and yield components of corn (single cross 704) in the double cropping after paddy rice, a factorial experiment in a randomized complete block design with four replications was conduct More
        To evaluate the effect of row spacing, plant population and planting pattern on yield and yield components of corn (single cross 704) in the double cropping after paddy rice, a factorial experiment in a randomized complete block design with four replications was conducted in Research Gharakheil Agricultural Research Center of Qaemshahr, Iran in 2009. Treatments consisted of three row distances (65, 75, 85 cm), plant populations of 70000 and 800000 plants per hectare and two planting patterns (single-row and zigzag double-row). Results showed that maximum grain yield (9230 kg/ha) and harvest index (42.11 %) between row distance were obtained from 65 cm. Seed yield and yield components were not significantly affected by plant density. Seed yield of zigzag two-row planting pattern was 23.26 percent higher than single row planting pattern. All of the yield components in a single row were less than of zigzag double row planting patterns. The row spacing × plant density interactions for biomass, HI and ear length were significant at 5% level of probabilities. Planting pattern × row spacing interaction for biomass and number of rows per ear showed significant differences at the 5% level of probabilities. The lowest seed yield (6558 kg/ha) was obtained from 75 cm row spacing× single row planting pattern × 80 thousand density interactions and highest harvest index (46.86 %) from 80000 plants per hectare × 65 cm row spacing × double row zigzag planting pattern interaction. Grain yield was positively and highly correlated with all yield components, which may be due to delayed planting date (the first week of September) and proper growing condition for corn. It could be concluded that double cropping of corn after rice, results in yield stability and efficient use of water resources, in this area. Manuscript profile
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        86 - Evaluating Yield Variations of Corn (single cross 260) at Different Water Regimes and Nitrogen Rates by Using of Growth Indices
        مهتا Haghjoo A. Bahrani
        To evaluate the effects of different irrigation and nitrogen levels on variations of growth indices and corn (Single cross 260) seed yield, an experiment was conducted in a semi-arid area in Fars Province, Iran, during 2011 and 2012 growing seasons. The experiment was s More
        To evaluate the effects of different irrigation and nitrogen levels on variations of growth indices and corn (Single cross 260) seed yield, an experiment was conducted in a semi-arid area in Fars Province, Iran, during 2011 and 2012 growing seasons. The experiment was split-plot, based on a complete randomized block design with four replications. The main plots consisted of four moisture levels: (20% FC), (40% FC), (60% FC) and (80%FC) and sub-plot of four rates of nitrogen fertilizer applications: 150, 200, 250 and 300 kg.ha-1. Results showed that with increasing nitrogen fertilizer levels, LAI, NAR, SLA and RGR were also increased, but under lower moisture regimes they were decreased. The lowest and highest growth indices belonged to 80% and 20% water depletion, respectively. The lowest CGR index was obtained at 80% water depletion and 150 and 300 kg nitrogen ha-1. LAR increased at the intial growth period and then decreased. Positive relationships between seed yield and growth indices were also observed. At FC 20% and 300 kg N ha-1 treatment highest grain yield was obtained and growth indices were also in the highest values. In general, nitrogen application increased all traits. However, there were not significant differences between 250 and 300 kg N ha-1on the traits under study. It seems that nitrogen fertilizer mitigates the negative effects of water deficiency. Application of 250 kg of nitrogen fertilizer had the highest effect on all levels of moisture content. Manuscript profile
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        87 - Effect of Phosphate Bio Fertilizer on Yield and Yield Components of Corn (KSC 704) Under Water Deficit
        F. Mirshekari P. Nazeri M. MirAkhori N. Jamshidi M. Gaffari A.H. Markazi
        A factorial split experiment using randomized complete block design with four replications was performed at Agricultural Farm Experimental Station of Ilam province (Iran) during growing season of 20007-2008. The treatments consisted of 3 levels water deficit (usual, irr More
        A factorial split experiment using randomized complete block design with four replications was performed at Agricultural Farm Experimental Station of Ilam province (Iran) during growing season of 20007-2008. The treatments consisted of 3 levels water deficit (usual, irrigation each 5 days, three days later and six days later than usual irrigation) and 2 levels of phosphate biofertilizer (without and using of biofertilezer) and 3 levels of chemical fertilizer (0, 45 and 90 P2O5 kg/ha of triple superphosphate). In addition, 100 kg/ha of K2O before planting and 400 kg/ha of CH4N2O at 3 times, one-third at planting, one third at stem elongation and the rest at inflorescence stage were applied. 13 kg/ha of biofertilezer banded of planting time, 3-5cm besides seeds on the planting rows. Results showed that application of biofertilezer and 45 kg/ha of chemical × irrigation interaction on traits like plant height, height of ear from ground, seed number/ear, rows per ear, 1000 kernel weight, seed yield and protein content were significant and resulted in highest yield (9840 kg/ha) as compared to the other fertilizer and irrigation treatment. Manuscript profile
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        88 - Effects of Different Levels Drought Stress and Plant Density on Yield and Yield Components of Corn (Zea mays, SC. 704)
        Sh. Sepasi K. Kelarastaghi H. Ebrahimi
        To study the effects of different levels of irrigation cuttings and plant densities on yield , and yield components of corn (SC 704), an split plot experiment based randomized complete block design, with three replication was conducted in Damghan, Iran. Main plots were More
        To study the effects of different levels of irrigation cuttings and plant densities on yield , and yield components of corn (SC 704), an split plot experiment based randomized complete block design, with three replication was conducted in Damghan, Iran. Main plots were 4 cuttings of irrigation: (jointing, tasseling, milking and seed hardening stages) and sub plots consisted of four plant density: 45000, 60000, 75000 and 90000 plants per hectare). Result showed that corn tolerated the last of irrigation cutting as corn pared to its cutting at other stages and has increased yield. Cutting of irrigation at seed hardening stage, increased number of seeds per ear row, number of rows per ear, and 100 kernel weight. While when plant density increased seed yield, number of seeds per row, number of rows on ear, and 100 kernel weight decrease. Manuscript profile
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        89 - Evaluation of Micronutrient Application at Different Growth Stages on Yield and Yield Components and Grain Quality of Sweet Corn
        Afsaneh Yousefpour Elnaz Farajzadeh Memari Tabrizi
        This study aimed to investigate the impact of micro fertilizer application (Iron and zinc alone or together as foliar application in 2.5 and 5 per thousand concentration or soil application in 15 or 30 kg.ha-1) and the fertilizers application time (control, soil applica More
        This study aimed to investigate the impact of micro fertilizer application (Iron and zinc alone or together as foliar application in 2.5 and 5 per thousand concentration or soil application in 15 or 30 kg.ha-1) and the fertilizers application time (control, soil application of fertilizers, spraying at vegetative growth stage, spraying in tassel stage, spraying in two phases of growth and tasseling stage, spraying in grain filling stage and spraying in three stages of growth, tasseling and grain filling) on growth and yield of maize (Zea mays convar. saccharata var. rugosa). The experiment was conducted in Islamic Azad University, Tabriz Branch during 2016 growing season as split plot using a randomized complete block design with three replications. According to the results of the study fertilizer treatments had statistically similar effects on seed of dry yield. All four treatments, soil application of fertilizers, spraying at vegetative growth stage, spraying at two stages of vegetative stage and tasseling and spraying at three stages of vegetative stage, tasseling and grain filling increased this trait similarly and increased seed dry yield by 20, 12, 21 and 22 percent which could be only due to increasing number of seeds produced. According to the survey results in just two treatments, soil application of 5 kg.ha-1 iron and foliar application of iron and zinc in the vegetative and early reproductive stage at a concentration of 5 per thousand, an increase of optimal gains, respectively 334850 and 271298 tomans net income per hectare, obtained. Manuscript profile
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        90 - Corn Seed Yield and Its Components as Affected by Different Time of Weeding, Seed Osmopriming and Foliar Application of Micronutrient
        H. Abbasdokht M. Asgharnia
        To study the effect of different times of hand weeding, seed osmopriming and micronutrient foliar application on yield and yield components of corn (Zea mays L.) a factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design with four replications was carried out at t More
        To study the effect of different times of hand weeding, seed osmopriming and micronutrient foliar application on yield and yield components of corn (Zea mays L.) a factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design with four replications was carried out at the Research Farm of Shahrood University. Treatments factors were weeding with 3 levels (hand weeding 2, 4 and 6 weeks after crop emergence, seed osmopriming with 2 levels (osmopriming and control) and micronutrients application at 2 levels (foliar application with micronutrient and control). Results showed that the different times of weeding had significant effect on yield and yield components and highest seed yield was obtained with weeding at 6 weeks after emergence. Seed osmopriming significantly increased all of the variables under study. Foliar micronutrient applications also increased seed yield, biological yield, harvest index, height of plant, ear weght, ear length, ear diameter and the 100-seeds weight in comparison to control significantly, but it didn’t effect number of seed rows per ear significantly. The interactions of osmopriming and micro nutrient on grain yield, biological yield, harvest index, height of plant, the number of seed in row, 100-seed weight, weight of corn and ear length were also significant. The interactions of different times of weeding and osmopriming significantly affected only ear diameter. The effect of different times of weeding and foliar application of micronutrient on ear diameter was also significant. Seed yield and ear length were affected by triple interactions of treatments. The results of this study showed that osmopriming, foliar application of micronutrient and hand weeding 6 weeks after emergence all had positive effect on improving growth indices and seed yield of corn. Manuscript profile
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        91 - Effect of Water Deficit Stress on Yield and Yield Components in Corn Using Path Analysis
        Y. Momeni H. Monirifar
        This experiment was conducted to study the effects of water deficit stress on yield and yield components of four corn hybrids. The experiment was laid out in split plot using randomized complete block design with three replications. This experiment was carried out at ea More
        This experiment was conducted to study the effects of water deficit stress on yield and yield components of four corn hybrids. The experiment was laid out in split plot using randomized complete block design with three replications. This experiment was carried out at east Azarbayjan Agriculture and Natural Resources Research Center in 2008. Treatments consisted of four irrigation levels (without stress, water stress at 6-7 leaves stage, stress at anthesis stage and stress at kernel filling stage) as main plots, and four corn hybrids (single crosses 704, 604, 500 and double cross 370) as sub-plots. Results of data analysis revealed that in general, most of the traits under stress conditions had negative and significant correlation whit grain yield. Results of stepwise regression and path analysis showed that under average conditions, selection for higher ear weight may improve yielding ability of selected genotypes. Under average conditions ear weight had greatest positive direct effect on grain yield, and positive indirect effects through ear diameter, plant high, mean stem diameter and cob weight on grain yield. Water deficit stress at 6-7 leaves stage, ear weight had greatest positive direct effect on grain yield and indirect effects through plant height, length of tassel and ear length on grain yield. Water deficit at kernel filling stage 300-kernel weight had greatest positive direct effect on grain yield, and positive in direct effects through number of grain and kernel depth on grain yield. Manuscript profile
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        92 - Evaluation of Quantitative and Qualitative Characteristics of Corn and Grass pea as Affected by Organic, Chemical and Bio Fertilizers
        Mohammad Shahbaghi Alireza Valadabadi Jahanfar Daneshiyan Amir Hossein ShiraniRad Saeid Seyfzadeh
        Intercropping of forage cropsand the combined use of organic, chemical,and biofertilizers is of great importance. To evaluate quantitative and qualitative characteristics of corn and grass pea intercropping under organic and chemical fertilizers factorial experiments in More
        Intercropping of forage cropsand the combined use of organic, chemical,and biofertilizers is of great importance. To evaluate quantitative and qualitative characteristics of corn and grass pea intercropping under organic and chemical fertilizers factorial experiments in a randomized complete block design with three replications were conducted in Yalian Farm of Qazvin, Iran, in 2013 and 2014. Levels of intercropping consisted of: corn sole croppings, intercropping of maize and 25% grass pea, intercropping corn and 50% grass pea, and grass pea sole cropping. Fertilizer levels were chemicals (base and top dress), cow manure (base) and avian manure top dress, cow manure (base) and chemical top dress, and cow manure (base) and chemical (top dress and spraying). In the last three treatments corn and grass pea seed inoculated with Azotobacter and mycorrhiza. The results showed that the highest corn forage yield with 84230 kg/ha produced from grass pea corn treated with 50% chemical manure. Intercropping is a suitable method for crop production and increasing quantity of crop as compared with sole croppings. The highest forage with 46020 kg/ha was produced by grass pea chemical manure treatment because of more light penetration to the canopy and the lack of competition with corn. Highest carbohydrates %30.5 belonged to the use of chemical fertilizer in sole cropping of corn and the highest crude protein with %24.75 is produced from chemical fertilizer in pure grass pea sole cropping and the highest dry matter digestibility and higher quality forage with %68.08 from the use of manure %25 grass pea/corn intercropping. Intercropping and mixed application of chemical and organic fertilizers improve the quality and quantity of forage yield. Manuscript profile
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        93 - Effect of Drought Stress During Phenological Stage and Biofertilizer and Nitrogen Application on Yield and Yield Components of Corn (KSC 704)
        M. Ashkavand M. Roshdi J. Khalili Mohaleh F. Jalili A. HosseinPour
        To study the effect of cutting irrigation and application of biofertilizer and nitrogen on yield and yield components of corn single cross hybrid, an experiment was carried out in Satloo Agricultural and Natural resources Research Station of west Azarbaijan, 2009-2010. More
        To study the effect of cutting irrigation and application of biofertilizer and nitrogen on yield and yield components of corn single cross hybrid, an experiment was carried out in Satloo Agricultural and Natural resources Research Station of west Azarbaijan, 2009-2010. This experiment was arranged as split plot based on Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications.Four irrigation factors including I1, I2, I3 and I4, respectively: cutting irrigations at stem elongation, blossom and seed filling stages and normal irrigation assigned to main plots and fertilizer treatments consisted of Nitoxin + 50% urea (F1 ), Niragin + 50% urea (F2 ), and without biofertilizer application + 100% urea (F3 ) were allocated to sub plots.Results indicated that the effect of cutting irrigations had negative and significant effects on all characteristics; Fertilizer treatments on the other hand had significant effect only on seed numbers per ear, 100 seeds weight and seed yield. The highest seed yield was obtained under normal irrigation and treatment of Nitragin + 50% urea (12320.7 kg/ha and 11100.5 kg/ha) respectively. Manuscript profile
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        94 - Effects of Planting Pattern on Morphophiysiological Characteristics and Yield and Yield Components of Sweet and Super Sweet Corn Varieties (Zea mays L. var. saccarata)
        آتنا Rahmani M. Nasrolah alhossini S. Khavari Khorasani A. Khalili Torghabeh
        Considering the importance of sweet corn as a new food product, this study was conducted to evaluate the effects of planting pattern on some important morphophiyziological characteristics and yield and yield components of sweet and super sweet corn (Zea Mays L. var. sac More
        Considering the importance of sweet corn as a new food product, this study was conducted to evaluate the effects of planting pattern on some important morphophiyziological characteristics and yield and yield components of sweet and super sweet corn (Zea Mays L. var. saccharata) varieties in Agricultural Research and Natural Resources of Khorasan Razavi Province, Mashhad, Iran in 2011. In this study three methods of planting (one and two raised bed and furrow planting) and three varieties sweet corn (Chase, Temptation, KSC403su) and one super sweet corn (Challenger) were studied in factorial experiment based on Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. The result of ANOVA showed that sweet corn hybrids had significant differences in kernel depth, conservable grain yield and ear harvest index. It also showed that number of leaves per plant, number of leaves above ear, stem diameter, ear diameter, kernel depth, conservable grain yield and forage yield, were significantly different among three levels of planting patterns. The maximum main of these characters was belonging to two-raised bed planting pattern. In addition, the highest conservable grain yield was belonged to Challenger in two raised bed planting pattern with 25.76 ton/ha and highest fresh foliage yield was 48.6 ton/ha which belonged to Chase on one raised bed planting method. The highest ear harvest index belonged to Chase on two-raised bed planting pattern. Finally, the result showed that two raised bed planting pattern and Challenger with highest conservable grain yield trait could be used to increase sweet corn yield. Manuscript profile
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        95 - Physiological Response of Common Glasswort (Salicornia europaea L.) to Potassium Nano-Particles Grown in Saline Soils around the Lake Urmia
        Alireza Pirzad Mehdi Jabbarzadeh
        To evaluate the effects of spraying potassium nano-particles on the osmolytes, photosynthetic pigments, total carotenoids and nutrients of aerial parts of common glasswort (Salicornia europaea L.), a factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design with th More
        To evaluate the effects of spraying potassium nano-particles on the osmolytes, photosynthetic pigments, total carotenoids and nutrients of aerial parts of common glasswort (Salicornia europaea L.), a factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replications was conducted at the marginal lands of Lake Urmia in 2012. The treatments consisted of application of potassium nano-particle concentrations at five levels (0, 1, 2, 3 and 4 g/l of K nano-particles) applied, once, twice and three times. Results of analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that there were significant interaction between the levels and concentrations of potassium nano-particles sprayings on aerial parts with respect to their contents proline, total soluble carbohydrates, total chlorophyll, chlorophyll a and b, total carotenoids (xanthophyll and carotene) and nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and sodium). The highest levels of proline (1.84 mg/g dry weight) at one time spraying 4 g/l of K, total soluble carbohydrates (66.9 mg/g dry weight) at three times spraying 4 g/l, total chlorophyll (26.23 mg/g fresh weight) and chlorophyll b (22.85 mg/g fresh weight) at two times of water spraying, and chlorophyll a (9.93 mg/g fresh weight) at three times of 4g/l of potassium nano-particles sprayings were obtained. The highest nitrogen (0.95 % of aerial parts) and phosphorus (2.99 g/kg dry weight of aerial parts) contents were obtained from three times water spraying. However, the highest amounts of aerial plant part of potassium (65.08 g/kg dry weight) and sodium (403 g/kg dry weight) belonged to the two times, and calcium (29.23 g/kg dry weight) to the three times spraying of 4 g/l nano-potassium. Despite of the high concentration of osmolytes by potassium spraying, the nutrient accumulations levels were not significantly different from each other. Manuscript profile
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        96 - The Effect of Zinc Sulfate Different Amount Soil and Foliar Application on Correlated Grain Characters in Sweet Corn
        J. Mahmoodi, M. Yarnia
        This research was conducted to evaluate the effects different concentrations of zinc sulfate applications at different growth stages on sweet corn at the Research Station of Faculty of Agriculture in Islamic Azad University, Tabriz branch in 2012. The study was conducte More
        This research was conducted to evaluate the effects different concentrations of zinc sulfate applications at different growth stages on sweet corn at the Research Station of Faculty of Agriculture in Islamic Azad University, Tabriz branch in 2012. The study was conducted in split plot experiment based on Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. Treatments were seven levels of zinc sulfate application methods: (control, soil application, foliar application at 6-8 leaf growth stage, tasseling, grain filling stage, foliar application at three stages, soil application with foliar application at three stages) as main plot, three levels of foliar and soil application of zinc sulfate: (0.003, 0.005 and 0.007 for foliar application and 15, 25 and 35 kg/ha for soil application) as sub plot. Results showed that the highest grain yield correlated characters were obtained in foliar application at three stages and soil application with foliar application at three stages. In these conditions increasing of dry grain yield and ear were more than 50%. The higher values for grain production were obtained in Zn foliar application with 0.005 concentration (25 kg/ha soil application). Zinc sulfate increased Zn content of grains produced more than 100%. Thus, using Zn not only increases sweet corn grain and ear yield but also increased quality of products. Manuscript profile
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        97 - Differential Concentrations of some Nutrient Element in Forage of Corn (Zea mays L.) as Affected by Organic Fertilizers and Soil Compaction
        N. Najafi A. Mohammadnejad
        Soil compaction is one of the most important limiting factor for normal crop growth, because it reduces absorption by the plant. Application of organic fertilizers in agricultural soils can reduce the detrimental effects of soil compaction on plant growth and also suppl More
        Soil compaction is one of the most important limiting factor for normal crop growth, because it reduces absorption by the plant. Application of organic fertilizers in agricultural soils can reduce the detrimental effects of soil compaction on plant growth and also supply some nutrients to plant. Thus, a factorial experiment was carried out in a randomized complete block design with three replications and 14 treatments to evaluate the effects of organic fertilizers in mitigating soil compaction. The first factor in this study was the source and amount of organic fertilizer at seven levels (control, farmyard manure, sewage sludge compost and municipal solid waste compost and each of organic fertilizers at two levels of 15 and 30 g/kg of soil). The second factor was soil compaction at two levels (bulk density of 1.2 and 1.7 g/cm3). To perform this experiment, 10 kg of dry soil was poured into special PVC pots and then seeds of single cross 704 corn were planted. At the end of the growth period, the corn shoot was harvested and concentrations of phosphorus (P), potassium (K), sodium (Na), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) were determined by dry ashing method. The results showed that concentrations of Cd and Pb in the shoot, related to the different treatments, were negligible. Concentrations of P, K, Fe, Mn and Zn in the corn shoot were increased significantly by application of farmyard manure, sewage sludge compost and municipal solid waste compost at both levels of soil compaction. However, Na concentration of shoot did not change significantly. Soil compaction significantly reduced P, Fe, Mn and Zn concentrations of corn shoot, but it affected concentrations of Na and K significantly. Application of organic fertilizers and increasing their levels reduced the negative effects of soil compaction on nutrients uptake by corn plant. This study showed that to improve forage corn nutrition, application of 15 or 30 g of farmyard manure or sewage sludge compost or municipal solid waste compost per kg of soil can be recommended to similar compacted and non-compacted conditions. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        98 - Mixed Cropping of Legumes and Maize by the Use of Urea
        Esmaeil Alibakhshi Mohammad Mirzakhani
        To study the effect of nitrogenous fertilizers and mixed cropping of legumes and maize on its grain yield and yield component of corn in Arak, an experiment was carried at the Agricultural Research Center of Markazi Province in 2013. A factorial experiment based on rand More
        To study the effect of nitrogenous fertilizers and mixed cropping of legumes and maize on its grain yield and yield component of corn in Arak, an experiment was carried at the Agricultural Research Center of Markazi Province in 2013. A factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replications was performed. Treatments were four levels of urea (N0= control, N1= 75 kg.ha-1, N2= 150 kg.ha-1, N3= 225 kg.ha-1) and mixed cropping with four levels (S1= planting corn, S2= planting corn + chickpea, S3= planting corn + cowpea, S4= planting corn + mung bean). Plot consisted of 4 rows, 6 m long with 60 cm between rows space and 20 cm between plants on the rows, and S.C 704 corn hybrid was used. In this study characteristics such as: plant height, number of green leaf, grain yield, number of row per ear, number of grain per ear row, nitrogen use efficiency, biomasses of legumes, nitrogen percentage and 1000 grain weight were assessed. Results indicated that the effect of different levels of urea on plant height, number of green leaf, grain yield, number of grain per row, nitrogen use efficiency, legumes biomass and nitrogen percentage were significant. Effect of mixed cropping on characteristics like grain yield, nitrogen use efficiency, biomasses of legumes nitrogen percentage was also significant. Highest and lowest grain yield (7.37 and 5.47 t.ha-1) were obtained with the use of 225 and 75 kg.ha-1 urea, respectively. The highest and lowest grain yield (7.30 and 6.01 t.ha-1) belonged to sole cropping at corn and mixed cropping of corn + mung bean, respectively. Manuscript profile
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        99 - The Impacts of Mycorrhiza and Phsphorus Along with the Use of Salicylic Acid on Maize Seed Yield
        Fedra Taheri Oshtrinani Amin Fathi
        The effects of biological and chemical fertilizers, along with the use of salicylic acid, on the agronomic characteristics of corn in a factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replications were evaluated at the Agricultural Research Sta More
        The effects of biological and chemical fertilizers, along with the use of salicylic acid, on the agronomic characteristics of corn in a factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replications were evaluated at the Agricultural Research Station of Boroujerd in 2011. Factors were three levels of phosphorus fertilizer (0, 100 and 150 kg ha), two levels of biological fertilizers (mycorrhizal fungi) (inoculation and non- inoculation of seeds) and two levels of salicylic acid (0.5 and 1 mM), respectively. The results showed that phosphorus fertilizer and mycorrhizal inoculation of seeds affected number of seed rows, seed weight, seed yield and biological yield significantly. Seed yield of plants inoculated with mycorrhiza was 8412 kg.ha-1 which is 24% higher than non-inoculated ones. The effect of salicylic acid on plant height, stem diameter, ear length, ear diameter, number of seed rows, seed weight, seed yield and biological yield and harvest index was also significant. The yield of plants with 1 mM salicylic acid treatment amounted to be 8316 kg.ha-1 which is 24% higher than none treated ones. Phosphorus and mycorrhizal interaction on the number of rows of seeds, seed weight, seed yield and biological yield were significant. Salicylic acid and phosphorus interactions and three way treatment effects were only significant on grain yield. This study showed that salicylic acid and mycorrhizal inoculation of seeds can increase seed yield by improving yield components. Manuscript profile
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        100 - توانایی تفکر انتقادی و عملکرد درک مطلب دانشجویان مقطع کارشناسی زبان انگلیسی
        رضا واثقی راضیه صدوقی وصال آیات
        10.30495/jal.2023.1986871.1493
        Manuscript profile
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        101 - Effects of corn starch edible coating and black pepper essential oil on the shelf life of vacuum packaged silver carp fillet
        N. Kyani Haftlang L. Roomiani M. Tadayoni
        This research has been carried out in order to study the effect of the corn starch and the black pepper essential oil oral film on the shelf life of the silver carp fillet under the vacuum packaging in the refrigerator temperature. All the treatments (control: without c More
        This research has been carried out in order to study the effect of the corn starch and the black pepper essential oil oral film on the shelf life of the silver carp fillet under the vacuum packaging in the refrigerator temperature. All the treatments (control: without coating and essential oil, treatment 1: 0.1% essential oil, treatment 2: 0.5% essential oil and treatment 3: 1% essential oil) were prepared each in three replicates with a starch cover to achieve the best effective rate of the oral film and essence.The results showed that the changes in pH and free fatty acid were increasing in all the treatments during the storage. In all treatments, the level of peroxide did not exceed the permissible limit. In addition, the level of volatile nitrogenous bases in all control, 0.1 and 0.5% essential oil treatments did not exceed the permissible limit from day 9 until the end of the maintenance day. The rate of mesophilic bacteria showed a statistically significant difference during the shelf life (p< 0.05). The count of the psychrophilic bacteria in all treatments, control, 0.1, 0.5 and 1% essential respectively 7.11, 7.54, 7.78, 7.98 log cfu/ g were exceed the permissible limit of 7 log cfu/ g in day 12. The results showed that using an oral film of the corn starch with the black pepper essential oil in a concentration of 0.01% keeps the initial quality and increases the shelf life of the silver carp fillets for 9 days. Manuscript profile
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        102 - Application of vacuum-steam-vacuum (VSV) technology for corn decontamination
        M. Rezaee Fard M. Javanmard A. Znouzi
        Corn is a nutritious food which is stored in ensilage. Bacterial contamination is the most important problem in storage condition. Vacuum-Steam-Vacuum (VSV) Technology is a safe technique for microbial decontamination of food. In this methods decontaminating done by ste More
        Corn is a nutritious food which is stored in ensilage. Bacterial contamination is the most important problem in storage condition. Vacuum-Steam-Vacuum (VSV) Technology is a safe technique for microbial decontamination of food. In this methods decontaminating done by steam which effects thermally and mechanically to microbial destruction. Statistical Analysis was carried out based on full factorial designs that repeated three times in the form of random plan. Independent variables in this research were temperature (115, 120, 125 °C), steaming time (15, 20, 25 seconds) and first vacuum's time (60, 90 and 120). Dependent variables were Total bacterial load, Total moulds and yeast, moisture content, ash, sensory attributes (color, smell and overall acceptability). The results showed that the best bacterial decontamination was carried out in the following condition: treatment temperature 125 °C, the first vacuum time 90 s, steaming time 25 s and the second vacuum time 120 s. In this condition a decontamination rate of 4 log CFU for total bacterial count and 3.6 reduction log CFU in total mold and yeast was resulted. The highest percentage of moisture content in treated samples was 9.2 % which lower than national standards (13%). This technology as an applicable technique for food decontamination was advice. Manuscript profile
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        103 - Determination of some minerals and heavy metals, nitrate and nitrite of Salicornia europaea L. harvested from Urmia Lake in 2017
        Shahin Zomorodi H. Behmadi F. Shavakhi S. Madani
        10.30495/jfh.2020.1865190.1212
        The halophyte Salicornia was recently introduced as a fresh vegetable crop that thrives in extreme salty conditions. In this study, the ash, minerals, heavy metal and nitric and nitrite anions in different parts (root, aerial parts and seeds) of Salicornia europaea L. w More
        The halophyte Salicornia was recently introduced as a fresh vegetable crop that thrives in extreme salty conditions. In this study, the ash, minerals, heavy metal and nitric and nitrite anions in different parts (root, aerial parts and seeds) of Salicornia europaea L. were evaluated. The results showed that the ash content and sodium in the aerial parts was the highest and in the roots the lowest (p < 0.05). But, potassium, copper and calcium between different organs and seed were not significant. While zinc and magnesium in seed and iron in root were higher, and zinc, manganese and magnesium content were lower in the root than other parts (p < 0.05). Salicornia roots had the lowest arsenic and cobalt and the highest lead (p < 0.05). The seeds containeed the lowest lead, cadmium, mercury and nickel. The aerial parts of this plant also had the least chromium and the highest levels of cadmium, mercury, nickel and cobalt. The mercury in different parts of the Salicornia was lower than the standard value. The lead in the root and cadmium in the aerial parts and chromium, arsenic and nickel in all parts were higher than the limit allowed. The highest nitrate content and the lowest nitrite content in aerial parts and the lowest nitrate content and the highest nitrite content were observed in the seeds (p <0.05). In all studied parts, the nitrate content was found in standard limit. According to the results, aerial parts of Salicornia can be used as a source of calcium, iron, zinc and magnesium. Manuscript profile
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        104 - Effects of Calcium Oxide and Radiation on Aspergillus flavus Population and Aflatoxins Concentrations in Corn Grains
        E. Baigane ابوالفضل Fadavi H. koohsari
        10.30495/jfh.2020.671221
        < p >Aspergillus flavus is one of the hazardous fungi which appear in poor storage conditions. This mold produces dangerous toxins of aflatoxins in corn grains. Hence the investigation of reduction possibility of its growth and toxins is important. In this researc More
        < p >Aspergillus flavus is one of the hazardous fungi which appear in poor storage conditions. This mold produces dangerous toxins of aflatoxins in corn grains. Hence the investigation of reduction possibility of its growth and toxins is important. In this research the effects of calcium oxide (0, %0.5 and %1) and gamma ray (0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 KGy) on growth of Aspergillus flavus and levels of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), aflatoxin B2 (AFB2), aflatoxin G1 (AFG1 and aflatoxin G2 (AFG2) were investigated. Analysis of variance showed significant effects of irradiation (p < 0.0001), calcium oxide (p < 0.001) and their interactions (p < 0.0001). Aspergillus flavus and AFB1 and AFB2 toxins decreased with increasing irradiation. Further reduction of AFB1 and AFB2 toxins was observed during accompaniment of 0.5% calcium oxide with irradiation. However, simultaneous application of 1% calcium oxide with radiation prevented and reduced more Aspergillus flavus. AFG1 and AFG2 toxins were not detected in any of the samples. Consequently, with considering 10 KGy standard food irradiation limits, it is recommended that 0.5% calcium oxide concentration before storage and irradiation intensity of 10 KGy after storage were applied for corn grains to control mold growth and production of aflatoxin toxins. Manuscript profile
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        105 - Experimental evaluation of Folic acid effect on Corneal burn ulcer healing in new Zealand white rabbit
        Amirhossein Mahlojiyan alireza jahandideh Ahmad Asghari pezhman mortezavi
        10.30495/jvcp.2020.670751
        Background and Purpose: Corneal ulcer is one of the most common eye diseases, which can be caused by trauma, chemical agents, and some bacteria, viruses, and chlamydia. Treatment of corneal ulcer has been always a concern in ophthalmology. This concern is due to the maj More
        Background and Purpose: Corneal ulcer is one of the most common eye diseases, which can be caused by trauma, chemical agents, and some bacteria, viruses, and chlamydia. Treatment of corneal ulcer has been always a concern in ophthalmology. This concern is due to the major role of cornea in providing and preserving normal vision. Alkali-induced corneal ulcer creates an intense inflammatory reaction to traumatic injuries and this intense inflammation can inhibit the natural epithelial growth and cause fibrosis or scar on cornea.Cornea is an organ in the eye that creates a smooth and clear surface and so, it provides the possibility of light regularly passing through the eye. Any injury of this layer eliminates its transparency and protective capacity. Cornea has few cells and no vessels. Various bacterial, viral, parasitic, and fungal agents can cause severe infections in cornea. After the occurrence of corneal injury, the cells surrounding the injured area including epithelial, stromal, and endothelial cells try to improve the injury by cell division and calling the immune system cells such as neutrophils, macrophages, and monocytes; as a result of this process, the injured area becomes inflamed and edematous. In most cases, due to basic membrane decay and leakage of proteinase, epithelial cells will not be able to provide the connections required for retrieving the layers. So, the distance between epithelial cells increase and the bond between them become weak. As a result of corneal ulcer, increased activity of destructive proteinases and decreased activity of proteases leads to rapid detachment of collagen and other extracellular components of corneal matrix. Significant increase of reactive oxygen species (ROS), increased oxidative condition, and decreased components of antioxidant system occur following corneal injury. In histological studies, various cells of immune system including neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, and macrophages are found in cornea. Increased reactive oxygen species (ROS), increased oxidative stress, and decreased components of antioxidant system are observed in pathologic conditions and in the case of corneal injury. Various studies have reported the role of antioxidants in prevention and treatment of corneal ulcer. The recent studies have indicated that folic acid restores decreased enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants. also, its improving effect is due to inhibition of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Materials and Methods: This study was carried out to investigate the effects of folic acid on corneal burn ulcer healing in 20 adult New Zealand white rabbits in similar weight and age range. The pure folic acid powder needed for this study was purchased from Sigma-USA Co. After general anesthesia, corneal ulcer was induced in the left eye of all rabbits and immediately fluoresce in staining was done to ensure that all of the ulcers were identical in size (6 mm). The rabbits were then divided into four equal groups including three experimental groups and a control group. After the surgery, the experimental groups (first to third groups) were gavaged with 2, 5 and 10 mg/kg body weight folic acid every day for 21 days. Histopathology At the end of the third week, the animals were anesthetized and the eye balls were harvested. After the eyeballs were isolated, the specimens were placed in 10% formalin. After the specimens were fixed in the laboratory, the corneal ulcer was isolated from eyeball. After preparation, the paraffin block sections of 4 microns were prepared and stained using Masson's trichrome staining method. In histopathological grading, the indices affecting wound healing, including angiogenesis, the absence of epithelial layers, corneal edema (stromal edema), irregularities in collagen filaments, and presence or absence of inflammatory cells were investigated. Results and conclusion: The histopathological studies showed that vascularization, inflammation, and corneal matrix edema were significantly reduced, but the epithelium of cornea was increased in folic acid treated rabbits compared to control group (p < /p> Manuscript profile
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        106 - Effect of ethanolic leaf extract of Pinus eldarica on inhibiting the growth of Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus niger in corn biomass under in vitro conditions
        بهروز Valipour Barenji رامین Salamatdoust Nobar
        This experiment was conducted as completely randomized design (CRD) with factorial arrangement (4×3) including three levels of extract and four incubation times (10, 20, 30 and 40 days) to evaluate the effect of alcoholic extract of pine tree leaves under in vitro More
        This experiment was conducted as completely randomized design (CRD) with factorial arrangement (4×3) including three levels of extract and four incubation times (10, 20, 30 and 40 days) to evaluate the effect of alcoholic extract of pine tree leaves under in vitro conditions to inhibit the growth of Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus Niger on the biomass of wet corn. Pine tree leaves were collected in autumn and their extract prepared using ethanol and used at concentrations of 0, 1 and 2 percent. Mass commercial corn was purchased from the factory. Ten grams of corn were mixed with 90 ml of saline solution and stirred several times, then serially diluted and the volume of 0.1 ml was placed on the culture medium.  The samples were incubated at 25oC for one week and the growth of fungi were checked every 24 hours from the second day of incubation. The fungus colonies were counted visually. The results indicated that 1 and 2% of pine leaf extract effectively reduced the number of fungi colonies at days 10 and 20 of incubation and the growth of fungi were completely inhibited on days 30 and 40 of incubation. The results were similar for both species of fungi. According to the results, pine leaf extract at the level of 1% is recommended for inhibition of fungi growth.   Manuscript profile
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        107 - The effect of topical application of autologous blood serum and platelet rich plasma mixture on clinical vision improvement after induction of experimental corneal stromal ulcers in rabbit
        رامین Kaffash Elahi S.J Aledavood علی Rezaei
             Corneal ulcers which are mostly due to trauma are among the most common ocular disorders of animals that if not cured properly, might progress to blindness. In this research, the effects of platelet derived rich plasma (PRP) combined with autologous More
             Corneal ulcers which are mostly due to trauma are among the most common ocular disorders of animals that if not cured properly, might progress to blindness. In this research, the effects of platelet derived rich plasma (PRP) combined with autologous blood serum on vision improvement time (attainment of maximum corneal clarity) following creation of deep corneal stromal ulcer was evaluated. For this purpose, 25 adult male New Zealand which rabbits which were allocated to three groups of positive control (10 rabbits), negative control (5 rabbits) and treatment (10 rabbits) were used. In the control corneal regions of each animal, a deep stromal ulcer (extending from the corneal epithelium to the last stromal layer) with a diameter of 4mm was created by means of a probe. Then in the treatment group, pre-prepared PRP was placed immediately on the ulcer and autologous serum drop was administered as 2 drop, 3 times per day for 35 days. In the positive control group Chloramphenicol, Ciprofloxacin and Naphazoline ophthalmic drops and in the negative control group only distilled water were used in the same manner. During the 35 days of the study period, the visual status of the rabbits was evaluated daily. Based on clinical examinations, the treatment group achieved ideal vision significantly faster than the negative and positive control groups and the created ulcer had healed with the least amount of scar production (maximum light penetration from the cornea). Based on the results of this study, the used of PRP is recommended in the treatment of superficial to deep corneal ulcers to obtain faster heading, better vision improvement and least scar production.   Manuscript profile
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        108 - Study on cornea histogenesis in sheep embryo
        M.A Ebrahimi ناصر Motallebi
        In this study, 36 samples of sheep fetal at different and modal ages have been used. Sample after preparation and determination of age immediately fixed and anatomic and histological studies were done. In Histological studies in addition to conventional H&E staining More
        In this study, 36 samples of sheep fetal at different and modal ages have been used. Sample after preparation and determination of age immediately fixed and anatomic and histological studies were done. In Histological studies in addition to conventional H&E staining, two staining that include Masson trichrome and verhuff staining was used. The yield results revealed that cornea is distinct in the second month of embryonic period and in the next ages spends the stages of growth. From the beginning in cornea formed in horizontal ellipse type so the internal curve of is larger than external curve. The growth process from the point of longitudinal diameter, transverse diameter and corneas height from the border of sclera is ascending with the raising of age. Upper and lower eyelids was impacted in the early and late time of the second month and separated from together again in the third month of embryonic period. Third eyelid approximately appears in 120 days of age in the internal angle of the eye. Histology of external epithelial tissue growth observed from simple cubic to six layers stratified cubic form. Matrix has been strengthened from point of cells (fibroblast) and a filaments (collagen) with the rising of age. Increases in the elastic filaments are appreciable at the end of embryonic stages. Desmit membrane appears as limiting membrane in the early time of the second month of embryonic period in the beneath of internal epithelial tissue and also growth with rising of age. Desmit membrane has any elastic filaments. No Bowman layer or the external limiting membrane was seen in this animal. Tricrummasson staining confirms collagen filaments and verhuff staining confirm elastic filaments growth with rising of age. Manuscript profile
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        109 - Zoning of agricultural climate of corn crop in lorestan
        gholamreza ahmadi parviz kardovani hossein mohammadi
        This study analyzes the climatic-agricultural zoning of rain-fed corn in Lorestan province and its role in reducing environmental risks. The study method in this research is citation-descriptive in which the information (precipitation, temperature, etc.) of a 20-year st More
        This study analyzes the climatic-agricultural zoning of rain-fed corn in Lorestan province and its role in reducing environmental risks. The study method in this research is citation-descriptive in which the information (precipitation, temperature, etc.) of a 20-year statistical period (1377-1397) has been gathered on a daily, monthly, seasonal and annual basis from 53 synoptic stations, climatology and rain gauge, inside and outside of this province. Then, considering the required conditions for this crop such as heat thresholds, growth period and the amount of water requirement, suitable growth zones has been determined by GIS and after that the zoning of agricultural climate of corn crop in this province has been mapped. On the base of the final obtained map, this province has 8588.15 kilometers of potential lands, 13938.13 square kilometers of semi-potential lands and 5631.57 square kilometers of non-potential lands. Kriging interpolation method has been used to create coordination in data integration and also auxiliary points to find the regions with the same amount of temperature and rainfall. Manuscript profile
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        110 - Effect of water deficit stress and application of humic and salicylic acid on physiological traits, yield and yield components of corn
        Seyyed Moosavi hossain Ragh ara
        In order to study the effect of water deficit and the application of humic and salicylic acid on physiological traits, yield and yield components of corn, an experiment was carried out as a split-plot based on randomized complete blocks design with three replications at More
        In order to study the effect of water deficit and the application of humic and salicylic acid on physiological traits, yield and yield components of corn, an experiment was carried out as a split-plot based on randomized complete blocks design with three replications at the research field of Islamic Azad Universityof Birjand, Iran in 2014. The main factor was irrigation in three levels (supply of 33, 67 and 100% water requirement) and the sub-factor was humic and salicylic acid application in 4 levels (application of humic acid, salicylic acid, humic + salicylic acid and no application). The results of variance analysis showed that irrigation significantly affected traits of physiological, seed yield components and yield but humic acid and salicylic acid application significantly affected chlorophyle index, stomatal conductivity, 1000-seed weight and seed yield. Also, interaction effect of irrigation and humic acid and salicylic acid was no significant on measured traits. Chlorophyle index, stomatal conductivity, ear number per m2, row number per ear, seed number per row, seed number per ear and 1000-seed weight significantly decreased by 15.6, 35.6, 41.2, 14.1, 33.9, 61.8 and 40%, respectively with the decreas of water requirement from 100 to 33%. Seed yield and biological yield in treatment of 100% water requirement supply, had significantly superiority 3.9 and 2.4 times, respectively as compared with treatment of 33% water requirement supply. Chlorophyle index by 7.5, 7.7 and 8.9%, 1000-seed weight by 22.5, 26.6 and 20.7% and seed yield by 26.5, 18.5 and 21.7%, significantly increased with application of humic acid, salicylic acid and humic acid + salicylic acid respectively as compaed with no application of this acids. The results showed that supply of 100% water requirement and independent application of humic acid or salicylic acid can increase seed yield of corn. Manuscript profile
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        111 - Effect of spraying zinc sulfate solution on yield and enrichment of sweet corn (Zea mays var saccharata) varieties under different patterns of periodic irrigation
        Babak Peykarestan Taiebeh Basaki
        This experiment was carried out in order to evaluate interaction effect of irrigation and zinc foliar application on physiological enrichment indices of two hybrids of sweet corn as the split plot factorial in the form of randomized complete block design with three repl More
        This experiment was carried out in order to evaluate interaction effect of irrigation and zinc foliar application on physiological enrichment indices of two hybrids of sweet corn as the split plot factorial in the form of randomized complete block design with three replications in the experimental field of Faculty of Agriculture, Islamic Azad University of Arak in 2014 and 2015. All furrow irrigation (control, I1) and every other furrow irrigation (I2), and alternative every other furrow irrigation (I3) as the main plot and solution spraying levels including Zn 1 (No injection Zn), Zn 2 (Drop Zn) and Zn 3 (Fast Zn) were the subplots. Also, sweet corn (Zea mays var saccharata) varieties (sweet and ultra-sweet) were considered as the subplots.  Parameters under investigation included plant height, seed yield, one thousand seed weight, harvest index, seed Zn content and leaf proline content. Interaction effects of the treatments increased plant height by 33%, grain yield by 27%, one thousand seed weight by 21%, and harvest index by 13%. The highest amount of cannable grain yield was observed in periodic irrigation, zinc fast in Challenger hybrid while the lowest amount was recorded in every other furrow irrigation treatment without zinc and Chase Hybrid. The highest level of grain zinc content was observed in the alternative irrigation zinc fast treatment in the Challenger hybrid while the lowest level was recorded in every other furrow irrigation without zinc in Chase hybrid which showed significant difference at p≤0.01. The highest interaction of effects was observed in the alternative irrigation treatment, zinc fast, and Challenger cultivar with average harvest index and lowest was observed in every other furrow irrigation, drop Zinc, and Challenger cultivar. According to the results of this study, in low irrigation conditions, application of alternative irrigation pattern and Zinc-fast foliar application in Challenger cultivar is recommended. Manuscript profile
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        112 - The effect of phosphate solubilizing bacteria in combination with phosphorus fertilizer on yield of corn hybrids in the northern of Khuzestan
        Fateme Nouraki Mojtaba Alavi Fazel Ahmad Naderi Ebrahim Panahpour Shahram Lack
        In order to study the effect of phosphate solubilizing bacteria in combination with phosphorus fertilizer on yield of corn hybrids, the experiment was carried out in the north of Khuzestan province during the summer of 2013-2014 by a split plot design in the form of ran More
        In order to study the effect of phosphate solubilizing bacteria in combination with phosphorus fertilizer on yield of corn hybrids, the experiment was carried out in the north of Khuzestan province during the summer of 2013-2014 by a split plot design in the form of randomized complete block with four replications. Combining biological and chemical fertilizers as main factors at four levels (100% chemical fertilizer, 75%, 50% and 25% chemical fertilizer combined with 100% bio-fertilizer) were used in the main plots and corn hybrids pellets with three levels (S.C 704, S.C Mobin, S.C Karoon) were used in sub plots. In this study the combination of chemical fertilizer with biofertilizer had a significant effect on biological yield at 5% level while the other traits were not significant. Also, the hybrid type had a significant effect on yield components; however, the harvest index was not significant. It seems that combination of chemical fertilizer with biofertilizer was able to increase the performance of single cross hybrids and cross hybrids 704 and Karun while Mobin hybrid showed a lower capability for fertilizer. Manuscript profile
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        113 - The effect of combined application of nitrogen fertilizer and Azotobacter at different plant densities on some quantitative and biochemical characteristics of spring corn (Zea mays L.)
        مانی Mojaddam معصومه Poostizadeh
        To study the effects of combined application of nitrogen and Azotobacter at different plant densities on some quantitative and biochemical characteristics of spring corn, a split plot experiment was carried out in the form of randomized complete block design with three More
        To study the effects of combined application of nitrogen and Azotobacter at different plant densities on some quantitative and biochemical characteristics of spring corn, a split plot experiment was carried out in the form of randomized complete block design with three replications in Shoshtar. The treatments of the study were the combination of nitrogen and Azotobacter fertilizer at three levels: the main plot was %100 nitrogen as urea fertilizer, %70 nitrogen as urea + Azotobacter, and %40 nitrogen as urea + Azotobacter as the main factor and the subplot was plant density at three levels: 6 plants per square meter, 8 plants per square meter, and 10 plants per square meter.  Characteristics such as seed yield, yield component, protein, and starch percentage were evaluated. The effects of nitrogen fertilizer and Azotobacter were significant on all traits. The highest seed protein contents were recorded in the treatments of %100 nitrogen as urea fertilizer and %70 of nitrogen as urea and the rest as Azotobacter. The highest average grain yield (552.6 grams per square meter) was obtained from %100 nitrogen treatment and the lowest level (376.7 grams per square meter) was recorded in %70 nitrogen and %30 Azotobacter treatment. Therefore, the combination of biological and chemical nitrogen fertilizers can also improve the efficiency of production and absorption of the sufficient nitrogen fertilizer to reduce nitrogen consumption which contribute significantly to a healthy environment and is an important strategy toward sustainable agriculture. Manuscript profile
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        114 - Evlauation of application methods of nitroxin and nitrogen on yield and some physiological traits of maize (Zea mays L. cv SC 704)
        Sahi Tale Mani Mojaddam
        To evaluate the application methods of nitroxin and nitrogen fertilizers on yield and physiological traits of maize (SC 704), a field experiment was carried out in Ahvaz based on a split plot randomized complete block design with three replications during 2013-2014. The More
        To evaluate the application methods of nitroxin and nitrogen fertilizers on yield and physiological traits of maize (SC 704), a field experiment was carried out in Ahvaz based on a split plot randomized complete block design with three replications during 2013-2014. The treatments included four levels of nitrogen fertilizer (N1:100%, N2: 75%, N3:50%, N4: 25%) pure nitrogen (equivalent to 180 kg per hectare) as the main factor and nitroxin biological fertilizer application method at two levels (seed inoculation B1 and with irrigation water B2) as the secondary factor. The results showed that nitrogen fertilizer significantly increased grain yield and physiological traits. The highest and lowest grain yields were obtained in 75% and 25% nitrogen treatments respectively. The biological fertilizer, nitroxin, had a significant impact on performance, chlorophyll a and b, efficiency, and NAE. The highest grain yield was recorded in B1 (seed treatment). In this study, while method of application of nitroxin showed no significant effect on the traits under study, the combined use of bio-fertilizer with N fertilizer, in addition to producing sufficient crop and improving nitrogen uptake efficiency, could reduce the use of nitrogen fertilizer by 25 percent. Manuscript profile
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        115 - Evaluation of some quantitative and qualitative properties of cornelian cherry (Cornus mas L.) fruit during the last stages of maturation
        mehdi panahi Jafar Hajilou Nader Chaparzadeh
        In recent years, increasing attention has been paid by consumers to cornelian cherry fruit, which is rich in antioxidants. This research was carried out based on a randomized complete block design for evaluation of the variations in some quantitative and qualitative pro More
        In recent years, increasing attention has been paid by consumers to cornelian cherry fruit, which is rich in antioxidants. This research was carried out based on a randomized complete block design for evaluation of the variations in some quantitative and qualitative properties of cornelian cherry fruits during the last stages of maturation in 2015. Fruits were harvested at 4 different times and from 4 main geographical directions of the tree and were then immediately transferred to the laboratory. Several parameters such as dimension (length and width), weight, firmness, pH, total soluble solids (TSS), total titratable acidity (TA), TSS/TA ratio, ascorbic acid (vitamin C), total phenolic compounds, total flavonoids, total anthocyanins, and total antioxidant capacity of the fruits were investigated. The results showed that the effect of different harvest dates on all traits was significant (P<0.05) while no significant differences were observed between replications. During fruit ripening, weight, dimension, pH, TSS, TSS/TA ratio, total flavonoids, and total anthocyanins increased while firmness, TA, total phenol, and total antioxidant capacity decreased. The content of ascorbic acid increased during fruits ripening, but it reduced again in the last harvest. The results indicate that the third harvest time (16.63 Brix level) can be the best harvest date for this genotype. Manuscript profile
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        116 - The study of the effects of cytokinin and gibberellin on germination characteristics and antioxidant enzymes activity in deteriorated seeds of corn cultivars (Zea mays L.)
        saedeh rashidy
        Deterioration of seed is one of the vigor reducing factors limiting seed germination. Determination of factors affecting seed deterioration is important. In order to determine the effect of plant hormones on germination characteristics and antioxidant enzymes activities More
        Deterioration of seed is one of the vigor reducing factors limiting seed germination. Determination of factors affecting seed deterioration is important. In order to determine the effect of plant hormones on germination characteristics and antioxidant enzymes activities of deteriorated corn seeds an experiment was carried out at seed and biotechnology laboratories of College of Agriculture, Tehran University in 2019. The study was designed with a factorial experiment based on completely randomized design (CRD) with four replications. The experiment treatments included varieties at 2 levels (704 single cross hybrid and 260 single cross hybrid), accelerated aging at 4 levels (0, 5, 10, and 15 day), and hormones at 2 levels (gibberellin and cytokinin). Seed deterioration reduced germination indexes and peroxidase and catalase enzymes activity. Treatment of deteriorated seeds with cytokinin and gibberellin increased antioxidant enzymes activities. Cytokinin was more effective than gibberellin in increasing the activities of antioxidant enzymes in deteriorated seeds. Results indicated that low seed vigor decreased the activity of enzymes and plant hormones as an agronomy solution compensated for the loss in low vigor seeds. Also, cultivar 704, with a higher vigor indicated amore enzyme activity than cultivar260.   Manuscript profile
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        117 - Evaluation of changes in nitrogen, zinc and potassium sources on growth factors and physiological of Maize (Zea mays L.) Cultivar SC704
        tahereh tavan Mohammadali Rezaei mehrali mahmod janlou
        10.30495/iper.2021.1938805.1722
        In order to evaluate the changes obtained from nitrogen, zinc and potassium sources on the morphophysiology of hybrid Maize SC704 experimental in the form of complete randomized block design in four replications was conducted in spring and summer of 2018 in Golestan pro More
        In order to evaluate the changes obtained from nitrogen, zinc and potassium sources on the morphophysiology of hybrid Maize SC704 experimental in the form of complete randomized block design in four replications was conducted in spring and summer of 2018 in Golestan province in an area located in Mazraeh Katoul. The treatment included nitrogen fertilizer, potassium, zinc alone, nitrogen + potassium, nitrogen + zinc, zinc + potassium, combined use of nitrogen + potassium + zinc, versus control. The results of analysis of variance showed that the treatments on grain yield, plant dry weight, corn length, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, silk soluble sugars and silk protein were significant at a probability level of one percent. Application of these fertilizers increased corn length, plant dry weight and grain yield, as well as increased sugars and silk protein of corn and photosynthetic pigments of corn and the highest content of photosynthetic pigments was observed in the treatment of application of potassium fertilizer alone and combined application of fertilizers (Zn + K+ N). Manuscript profile
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        118 - Effect of Pyridoxine and Different Levels of Nitrogen on Yield and Yield Components of Corn (Zea mays L. Var. SC. 704)
        داود Eradatmand Asli Gh.R Farrokhi مجتبی Usefi Rad
        A Field experiment was conducted on Corn (Zea mays L. Var. S.C. 704) to study the effect of three basal doses of nitrogen (90, 140, 190 Kg/ha) along with 0.01 and 0.02% pre–sowing seed soaking treatment with pyridoxine for 8 hours. This experiment was arranged on More
        A Field experiment was conducted on Corn (Zea mays L. Var. S.C. 704) to study the effect of three basal doses of nitrogen (90, 140, 190 Kg/ha) along with 0.01 and 0.02% pre–sowing seed soaking treatment with pyridoxine for 8 hours. This experiment was arranged on split plot on the basis of complete block design in three replications in the year of 2007. Results have shown a significant increase in yield and yield component with using of nitrogen and pyridoxine. Pyridoxine probably with positive effect on root growth increased uptake of nitrogen and this has effect on yield and total dry matter accumulation. According to the result 0.02 percent of pyridoxine and 190 kg/ha nitrogen as compare to other treatments have increased yield and yield component in corn. Pyridoxine also improved growth indices of plant in this experiment. Manuscript profile
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        119 - بررسی ترکیبهای شیمیائی اسانس سرشاخه های هوایی گیاه Physospermum cornubiense (L.) DC. در منطقه قهرود کاشان
        حسین بتولی مریم اخباری سیدمحمد جواد حسینی زاده علی اصغر انگاشته واحد
        Manuscript profile
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        120 - Hidden Ideologies within Imported Language Teaching Series: This time the case of Four Corners and Impact Values Series
        Hossein Banihashemi Marjan Vosoughi
        Manuscript profile
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        121 - Assessing the Structure of Bank Deposits Market in Iran
        mohammad nabi shahiki tash kamran mahmoodpour
        Abstract The main purpose of this paper is to evaluate the structure of banking structure in Iran and assess the monopoly power factor based on Bresnahan and Lau approach. In this paper, the market situation of monetary in Iran consisted 18 active banks are studied dur More
        Abstract The main purpose of this paper is to evaluate the structure of banking structure in Iran and assess the monopoly power factor based on Bresnahan and Lau approach. In this paper, the market situation of monetary in Iran consisted 18 active banks are studied during 2007–2011. By the use of Bresnahan's market power model, it is found that there is no deposit market for pre-said banks in Iranian banking industry. The coefficients estimated by the research model have represented that the hypothesis of perfect competition without any withholding rates and deposit rates can be rejected for the entire market. Manuscript profile
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        122 - Speed Detection and Diagnosis of Symptoms by Using Color and Shape Information
        Hamed Hamidi Rad Hossein Pourghasem Homayoun Mahdavi-Nasab Ahmad Keshavarz
        Color and shape are basic characteristics which are used to recognize traffic signs. In this paper, a new speed limit sign detection method in various conditions is proposed. In this method, color image is segmented based on a thresholding technique in HSI color space. More
        Color and shape are basic characteristics which are used to recognize traffic signs. In this paper, a new speed limit sign detection method in various conditions is proposed. In this method, color image is segmented based on a thresholding technique in HSI color space. Then, corner features are detected using convolution masks and found the location of sign. The first advantage of this method is high accuracy to detect the location of sign. So, the object can be detected with 30% noise level, 30 meters for distances of signs, and  for rotated signs. The second advantage of the proposed method is high speed in sign detection. Utimately, the type of sign can be recognized with eliminate redundant information and match between extracted image and database image. If the illumination conditions be ideal, the recognition rate is obtained to 89%. Manuscript profile
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        123 - اثر تجویز صمغ گیاه کندر (Boswellia serrata Triana & Planch) در دوره شیردهی بر مورفولوژی نورون های هیپوکامپی موالید موش صحرایی
        محمد حسینی شریف آباد ابراهیم اسفندیاری
        مقدمه و هدف: کندر صمغ گونه­ Boswellia serrata است که طی سالیان دراز در طب سنتی برای افزایش حافظه افراد مسن و نیز مادران باردار برای افزایش هوش و حافظه فرزندان خود تجویز می شده است. با این حال تاکنون مستندات علمی اندکی در این رابطه موجود است. در این مطالعه با استفاده More
        مقدمه و هدف: کندر صمغ گونه­ Boswellia serrata است که طی سالیان دراز در طب سنتی برای افزایش حافظه افراد مسن و نیز مادران باردار برای افزایش هوش و حافظه فرزندان خود تجویز می شده است. با این حال تاکنون مستندات علمی اندکی در این رابطه موجود است. در این مطالعه با استفاده از مدل حیوانی موش بزرگ آزمایشگاهی(رت)، تغییرات مورفولوژیکی نورون­های هیپوکامپوس که مرکز مهم مغزی در روند یادگیری و حافظه می باشد متعاقب تجویز مادری کندر در سه هفته دوره شیردهی بررسی شد. روش تحقیق: موش­های صحرایی نر دو ماهه نژاد ویستار که به مادران آن­ها در دوره شیردهی به­مدت سه هفته به­صورت روزانه  mg/kg100 عصاره آبی کندر خورانده شده بود را عمیقاً بی­هوش کرد و با تزریق محلول ثابت کننده از راه قلب، مغز را ثابت نموده و از جمجمه خارج گردید. سپس آن را به دو نیم­کره تقسیم نموده و نیم­کره راست برای مطالعه مورفومتری انتخاب و مقاطع عرضی از کل هیپوکامپوس بریده شد. تعداد انشعابات و قطعات دندریتی با استفاده از روش Sholl شمرده شد. نتایج و بحث: تحلیل آماری داده­ها نشان داد که تجویز کندر در دوره شیردهی تعداد قطعات و انشعابات دندریتی سلول­های هرمی شاخ آمون هیپوکامپوس موالید رت را افزایش می دهد. اما تفاوت معنی داری از لحاظ طول دندریت سلول­های هرمی در گروه­های آزمایش و شاهد وجود نداشت. بر اساس این یافته ها پیشنهاد می­شود که تجویز مادری کندر در دوره شیردهی، شاخه های دندریتی در هیپوکامپوس را افزایش می­دهد و می­توان نتیجه گرفت که چنین تغییرات مورفولوژیکی منجر به افزایش تعداد تماس­های سیناپسی می­شود و این یکی از مبانی افزایش حافظه به دلیل تجویز کندر را فراهم می کند. توصیه کاربردی /صنعتی: با توجه به یافته های این مطالعه و سایر مطالعات پیشین ما مبنی بر تأثیر مصرف کندر در فراهم نمودن بستر مورفولوژیکی لازم برای افزایش قوای یادگیری و حافظه پیشنهاد می گردد این ماده و مشتقاتش در تحقیقات نوروفیزیولوژیک مورد ارزیابی بیشتر قرار گیرد و نتایج آن در پیش­گیری یا بهبود بیماری­های دژنراتیو عصبی که منجر به فراموشی می شود استفاده شود. Manuscript profile
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        124 - Determination of in vitro Gas Production Kinetics by Adding Leucaena leucecophala and Corn Oil to the Ration in Different Ratios
        C.T. Noviandi K. Kustaantinah A. Irawan B.P. Widyobroto A. Astuti
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        125 - Performance of Lactating Sahiwal Cows Fed Corn Stovers Ensiled with Molasses, Urea and Lime Solution
        F. Ahmad N.A. Tauqir A. Faraz I. Asghar F. Wadood M.N. Tahir M.N. Mujahid
        Manuscript profile
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        126 - اثر الیاف غیر قابل هضم علوفه یونجه و مواد سیلویی ذرت بر تجزیه پذیری شکمبه ای الیاف جیره در گوسفند
        س. یوسفیان ا. تیموری یانسری ی. چاشنی دل
        به ­منظور ارزیابی اثر NDF غیر قابل هضم (iNDF) جیره بر تجزیه ­پذیری الیاف در شکمبه دو آزمایش طراحی شد. در آزمایش 1، برای تعیین iNDF از چهار میش فیستولا گذاری شده در ناحیه شکمبه استفاده شد و سه گرم از علوفه خشک یونجه، ماده سیلویی ذرت، دانه جو، سبوس گندم، جیره 1 (ح More
        به ­منظور ارزیابی اثر NDF غیر قابل هضم (iNDF) جیره بر تجزیه ­پذیری الیاف در شکمبه دو آزمایش طراحی شد. در آزمایش 1، برای تعیین iNDF از چهار میش فیستولا گذاری شده در ناحیه شکمبه استفاده شد و سه گرم از علوفه خشک یونجه، ماده سیلویی ذرت، دانه جو، سبوس گندم، جیره 1 (حاوی علوفه یونجه و کنسانتره)، و جیره 2 (حاوی ماده سیلویی ذرت و کنسانتره) در 4 تکرار در کیسه­ های نایلونی قرار داده شد و به مدت 288 ساعت در محیط شکمبه انکوباسیون شد. نمونه ­های خوراک و جیره برای ماده خشک، ماده آلی، پروتئین خام، عصاره اتری، ADF، NDF، NDF بالقوه قابل هضم (pdNDF)، NFC و خاکستر آنالیز شدند. در آزمایش 2، تجزیه ­پذیری شکمبه ­ای ماده خشک، NDF، iNDF و pdNDF علوفه خشک یونجه، ماده سیلویی ذرت، جیره 1 و جیره 2 با استفاده از تکنیک in situ و با استفاده از چهار میش زل فیستولا گذاری ­شده در ناحیه شکمبه انجام شد. میزان ناپدید شدن شکمبه ­ای برای ماده خشک در ساعت­ های صفر و 2 و برای NDF در ساعت 96 انکوباسیون برای جیره 2 بیشتر بود. بخش محلول، با قابلیت تجزیه آهسته و نرخ تجزیه پذیری جیره 1 و 2 برای ماده خشک به ترتیب 28.93 و 25.93 درصد؛ 50.40 و 46.26 درصد؛ 2.36 و 3.19 درصد، و برای NDF به ترتیب 11.81 و 11.74 درصد؛ 61.37 و 46.32 درصد؛ 1.74 و 2.33 درصد بود. محتوای iNDF برای علوفه خشک یونجه، ماده سیلویی ذرت، دانه جو، سبوس گندم، جیره 1 و 2، به ترتیب 3.02 ± 30.74، 2.14 ± 16.84، 1.48 ± 4.77، 2.29 ± 11.75، 0.77 ± 21.32 و 0.91 ± 11.42 درصد ماده خشک بود. نتایج نشان داد که با وجود محتوای یکسان NDF در دو جیره، وجود تفاوت در محتوای iNDF می­تواند بر تجزیه­ پذیری در شکمبه مؤثر باشد. Manuscript profile
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        127 - تأثیر گیاه مقاوم به شوری Salicornia bigelovii (Torr.) به عنوان مکمل حیوانی در بز در بیابان Sonora، مکزیک
        ر.جی. هولگوین پنا ب.ای. لوپز کرونا اچ. سلایا میچل جی.م. وارگاس لوپز اف. رُدری گواِز فلیکس یو. رامیرز کامپاس جی. اُرتگا-گارسیا ای.اُ. رواِدا پواِنتا
        در شمال غربی مکزیک، یک ناحیه بیابانی، جایگزین‌های جدیدی برای رفع احتیاجات خوراک در بزها مورد نیاز است: شواهد نشان می‌دهند که تغذیه با علوفه Salicornia bigelovii، می‌تواند کمکی به سیستم بدست‌آوری بز باشد. با توجه به این گیاه مقاوم به شوری، اطلاعات مرتبط با استفاده از آن More
        در شمال غربی مکزیک، یک ناحیه بیابانی، جایگزین‌های جدیدی برای رفع احتیاجات خوراک در بزها مورد نیاز است: شواهد نشان می‌دهند که تغذیه با علوفه Salicornia bigelovii، می‌تواند کمکی به سیستم بدست‌آوری بز باشد. با توجه به این گیاه مقاوم به شوری، اطلاعات مرتبط با استفاده از آن به عنوان علوفه مکمل در بیابان Sonora بسیار محدود است، خصوصاً در بزها. هدف از این مطالعه شامل آنالیز Salicornia bigelovii در رابطه با ترکیب تغذیه‌ای به عنوان علوفه در بزهای آبستن، ارزیابی وزن بزغاله‌ها در زمان تولد، میانگین رشد وزنی روزانه آنها، وزن در زمان از شیرگیری، و همچنین تولید شیر بزها از مادرها بود. جیره براساس Salicornia و یونجه (تیمار 1: خوراک کامل (100 درصد Salicornia bigelovii) (96 درصد ماده خشک، 14 درصد پروتئین خام، 17 درصد فیبر خام و 45 درصد عصاره عاری از ازت). تیمار 2: خوراک کامل (100 درصد) با یونجه (90 درصد ماده خشک، 18 درصد پروتئین خام، 24 درصد فیبر خام و 52 درصد عصاره عاری از ازت)، با 20 واحد آزمایشی به ازای هر تیمار آنالیز شدند. ماده خشک روزانه فراهم شده به ازای هر واحد آزمایشی (ماده خشک/بز/روزانه) 600 گرم بود. نتایج نشان دادند که براساس علوفه خشک Salicornia می‌تواند به عنوان یک جزء علوفه‌ای استفاده شود، اما در جیره بزهای Creole ضروری نیست، از آنجاکه رشد مثبتی در رشد بزغاله‌ها و تولید شیر داشت. مهم است که ارزیابی‌ها را با گیاه مقاوم به شوری Salicornia در متغییرهای مختلف بدست‌آوری بز، با استفاده از جیره‌های براساس گونه‌های علوفه‌ای دیگر از قبیل علف نمکی و coquia، و سایر گونه‌های بومی نیز انجام شود. Manuscript profile
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        128 - Effects of Replacing Barley with Processed Corn on the Growth Performance, Microbial Protein Synthesis and Profitability of Fattening Lambs
        F. Kazemi T. Ghoorchi B. Dastar F. Eshraghi
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        129 - کارآمدی جیره‌های فرموله شده براساس روش اسید آمینه قابل هضم برپایه گندم در مقایسه با ذرت بر عملکرد، صفات لاشه، فراسنجه‌های خونی، پاسخ ایمنی، هیستومورفولوژی ژژنوم، جمعیت میکروبی سکوم و رطوبت فضولات در جوجه‌های گوشتی
        م.ح. محمّدی قاسم آبادی م. ریاحی م. شیوازاد ا. زالی م. ادیب مرادی
        مطالعه‌ای جهت ارزیایی کارآمدی جیره‌های برپایه گندم در مقایسه با ذرت بر عملکرد رشد، صفات لاشه، فراسنجه‌های خونی، توسعه مورفولوژی ناحیه ژژنوم، ایمنی، جمعیت میکروبی سکوم و رطوبت فضولات بر روی جوجه‌های گوشتی تغذیه شده براساس روش پروفایل اسید آمینه قابل هضم ضروری انجام گرفت. More
        مطالعه‌ای جهت ارزیایی کارآمدی جیره‌های برپایه گندم در مقایسه با ذرت بر عملکرد رشد، صفات لاشه، فراسنجه‌های خونی، توسعه مورفولوژی ناحیه ژژنوم، ایمنی، جمعیت میکروبی سکوم و رطوبت فضولات بر روی جوجه‌های گوشتی تغذیه شده براساس روش پروفایل اسید آمینه قابل هضم ضروری انجام گرفت. 140 قطعه جوجه نر یکروزه ‌گوشتی سویه راس 308 به ‌طور تصادفی در 10 واحد آزمایشی بر روی بستر براساس طرح کاملاً تصادفی توزیع شد. هر تیمار شامل 5 تکرار و 14 پرنده در هر تکرار بود. وزن بدن، افزایش وزن بدن، خوراک مصرفی، ضریب تبدیل غذایی، ایمنی و رطوبت فضولات در دوره‌های مختلف سنی رکورد‌‌گیری شد. در سن 44 روزگی، 5 پرنده از هر گروه جهت بررسی خصوصیات لاشه، هیستومورفولوژی ژژنوم و جمعیت میکروبی سکوم کشتار شد. فراسنجه‌‌های خونی، درصد تلفات و فاکتور بازده تولید اروپایی به ‌ترتیب اندازه‌گیری و در سن 42 روزگی تعیین شد. نتایج این مطالعه نشان داد که در بین دو گروه از لحاظ وزن بدن، افزایش وزن بدن، خوراک مصرفی، ضریب تبدیل غذایی، درصد تلفات و فاکتور بازده تولید اروپایی در سن 42 روزگی تفاوت معنی‌داری (05/0P>) وجود ندارد، اما وزن بدن و افزایش وزن بدن و خوراک مصرفی با جیره‌های بر پایه ذرت نسبت به جیره‌های برپایه گندم در دوره آغازین تغذیه و همچنین خوراک مصرفی و ضریب تبدیل غذایی در دوره رشد به ‌طور معنی‌داری (05/0P<) بیشتر است. اکثر خصوصیات لاشه در بین دو گروه تفاوت معنی‌داری با یکدیگر نداشتند، به‌‌ غیر‌ از درصد چربی محوطه بطنی که در جیره‌های بر پایه ذرت به‌ طور معنی‌داری بالاتر بود (05/0P<). گرچه غلظت تری‌گلیسرید، کلسترول تام، لیپوپروتئین با چگالی بالا و لیپوپروتئین با چگالی کم در سرم جوجه‌های تغذیه شده با جیره‌های بر پایه گندم کاهش یافت، با این وجود تفاوت معنی‌داری از لحاظ آماری در بین دو گروه وجود نداشت (05/0P>). در بین دو گروه تیرنیوکاسل، هیستومورفولوژی ژژنوم، جمعیت میکروبی سکوم و رطوبت فضولات تفاوت معنی‌داری نداشت (05/0P>). در نتیجه، هنگامی که جیره‌های غذایی براساس روش اسید آمینه قابل هضم فرموله شوند، جیره بر پایه گندم می‌تواند همانند جیره بر پایه ذرت کارآمد باشد. Manuscript profile
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        130 - Inoculation of Corn Seedlings with Piriformospora indica Influences Grain Biomass Yield, Forage Quality, Rumen Degradation Kinetics and Fourier Transformed Infrared Spectroscopy Molecular Structures
        K. Safaee م. یاری M. Ghabooli M. Rostami E. Ghasemi
        Manuscript profile
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        131 - Effect of Corn Silage Combined with Prebiotic or Probiotic on Performance, Immune Response, Blood Parameters, and Bone Indices in Molted Layer Hens
        M. Akbari Alaei B. Dastar T. Ghoorchi A. Khosravi M. Alemi
        Manuscript profile
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        132 - تأثیر سطوح مختلف خارمریم (Silybum Marianum) در جیره‌های حاوی دانه با سرعت تجزیه متفاوت در شکمبه بر باکتری‌های شکمبه گاومیش خوزستان
        ض. نیکزاد م. چاجی ک. میرزاده ت. محمدآبادی م. ساری
        هدف از این مطالعه بررسی جیره‌های حاوی سطوح مختلف خارمریم (0، 100 و 200 گرم در کیلوگرم ماده خشک) و جیره‌های حاوی دانه با سرعت تجزیه متفاوت (ذرت و جو) در شکمبه بر باکتری‌ها و کل میکروارگانیسم‌های شکمبه گاومیش خوزستان بود. از روش‌های تولید گاز، هضم دو مرحله‌ای و کشت اختصاص More
        هدف از این مطالعه بررسی جیره‌های حاوی سطوح مختلف خارمریم (0، 100 و 200 گرم در کیلوگرم ماده خشک) و جیره‌های حاوی دانه با سرعت تجزیه متفاوت (ذرت و جو) در شکمبه بر باکتری‌ها و کل میکروارگانیسم‌های شکمبه گاومیش خوزستان بود. از روش‌های تولید گاز، هضم دو مرحله‌ای و کشت اختصاصی باکتری برای این منظور استفاده شد. مایع شکمبه از دو رأس گاومیش فیستولا گذاری شده گرفته شد. نتایج نشان داد که پتانسیل تولید گاز جیره‌های آزمایشی توسط کل میکروارگانیسم‌ها تفاوت معنی‌داری نداشت (05/0<P) و در هر دو جیره‌ پایه با افزایش سطح خارمریم تولید گاز افزایش یافت ولی در جیره‌ بر پایه‌ جو، سطح 200 گرم و در جیره‌ بر پایه‌ ذرت، سطح 100 گرم بیشترین تولید گاز را نشان داد. نرخ تولید گاز جیره‌های آزمایشی توسط کل میکروارگانیسم‌ها تفاوت معنی‌داری نشان داد (05/0>P) به طوری که در هر دو جیره‌ پایه سطح 100 گرم بیشترین نرخ تولید گاز را نشان داد. پتانسیل و نرخ تولید گاز جیره‌های آزمایشی توسط باکتری‌های شکمبه گاومیش تفاوت معنی‌داری نشان نداد (05/0<P). در روش هضم دو مرحله‌ای استفاده از سطوح مختلف خارمریم در جیره (بر پایه‌ی جو و ذرت) تأثیر منفی بر قابلیت هضم مواد مغذی توسط کل میکروارگانیسم‌ها نداشت (05/0<P). در جیره‌های بر پایه‌ جو، افزایش مقدار خارمریم باعث افزایش عددی قابلیت هضم ماده خشک و NDF نسبت به جیره‌ شاهد شد (05/0<P) درحالیکه در جیره‌ بر پایه‌ ذرت، باعث کاهش ناچیز هضم ماده خشک و NDF شد. در ارتباط با قابلیت هضم مواد مغذی توسط باکتری‌ها روند مشابهی مشاهده شد، با این تفاوت که هضم ماده خشک در جیره‌ بر پایه‌ ذرت نسبت به شاهد کاهش معنی‌داری داشت (05/0>P). قابلیت هضم مواد مغذی جیره‌های آزمایشی توسط باکتری‌ها در محیط کشت اختصاصی باکتری، تحت تأثیر سطوح خارمریم قرار نگرفت (05/0<P). بنابراین نتایج نشان می‌دهد که می‌توان از خارمریم تا 20 درصد جیره گاومیش بدون اثرات منفی بر هضم و تخمیر توسط کل میکروارگانیسم‌ها و باکتری‌ها استفاده کرد. Manuscript profile
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        133 - تأثیر فرایند دانه جو روی خصوصیات هضم، تخمیر شکمبه ای و انرژی قابل هضم جیره در گاوهای شیری
        ام.آ. لوپز-سوتو آ. بارراس جی.اف. کالدرون-کرتس آ. پلاسسنسیا جی.دی. یوری‌آس-استرادا جی.آ. آگویلار-هرناندز بی. سانچز-مندوزا آ. منتلونگو-تریکوئز آر.ام. برمودز-هورتادو آ. استرادا-آنگولو آر.آ. زین
        این آزمایش با استفاده از گاوهای شیری کانولاگذری شده برای ارزیابی تأثیر فرایند دانه جو روی تخمیر شکمبه­ای و محل و محدوده هضم انجام شد. آزمایش شامل 4 دوره بود و 84 روز به طول کشید. جیره­های کاملاً مخلوط شده 86/39 درصد از دانه­ها و 90/42 درصد از علوفه یونجه و ب More
        این آزمایش با استفاده از گاوهای شیری کانولاگذری شده برای ارزیابی تأثیر فرایند دانه جو روی تخمیر شکمبه­ای و محل و محدوده هضم انجام شد. آزمایش شامل 4 دوره بود و 84 روز به طول کشید. جیره­های کاملاً مخلوط شده 86/39 درصد از دانه­ها و 90/42 درصد از علوفه یونجه و باقی از ملاس نیشکر، چربی، پودر ماهی و مواد معدنی تشکیل می‌شد. دانه جو توسط روش­های‌ غلتک زدن به صورت خشک و پولکی کردن با بخار با دو تراکم (39/0 و 26/0 کیلوگرم بر لیتر) فرایند شد. دانه ذرت غلتک زده شده به عنوان مرجع برای تعیین ارزش انرژی‌زایی دانه جو استفاذه شد. در مقایسه با دانه جو غلتک زده شده، دانه جو فلیک شده در بخار قابلیت هضم شکمبه­ای ماده آلی، نشاسته و انرژی جیره را افزایش ولی مصرف ماده خشک را کاهش داد. کاهش تراکم دانه جو غلتک زده شده از 36/0 به 26/0 کیلوگرم بر لیتر هضم شکمبه­ای نشاسته و پروپیونات شکمبه­ای را افزایش و مصرف ماده خشک و هضم شکمبه­ای ازت را کاهش داد. در مقایسه با دانه ذرت، گاوهای تغذیه شده با جیره­های بر پایه دانه جو انرژی جیره­ای بالاتر (در نتیجه هضم بیشتر ماده آلی)، راندمان بیشتر پروتئین میکروبی و تولید استات و متان پایین­تر نشان دادند. به­هرحال، تیمارهای برپایه جو  pHشکمبه­ای پایین­تری داشتند و این وقتی تراکم فلیک کاهش پیدا می‌کرد، تشدید می‌شد. ارزش انرژی­زایی دانه جو توسط فلیک کردن 8 درصد بهبود پیدا نمود (05/0P<). فلیک کردن دانه­های جو به صورت خیلی نازک مصرف خوراک را کاهش داد. تراکم مطلوب فلیک برای دانه جو تغذیه شده به گاوهای شیری حدود 39/0 کبلوگرم برلیتر بود. Manuscript profile
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        134 - اثرات تکمیل جیره‌ با کنجاله سویای فرآوری شده با زایلوز یا کنجاله گلوتن ذرت فرآوری نشده در گاوهای شیری شیرده
        M. Jahani-Moghadam E. Mahjoubi H. Amanlou S. Mohammadi
        این آزمایش به منظور مقایسه این‌که تغذیه کدام یک از کنجاله سویای فرآوری شده با زایلوز یا کنجاله گلوتن ذرت در شرایط مزرعه‌ای بهتر است، انجام شد. 94 رأس گاو هلشتاین چند شکم زایش کرده در اوایل دوره شیردهی در قالب یک طرح کاملاً تصادفی مورد استفاده قرار گرفتند. گاوها به طور ت More
        این آزمایش به منظور مقایسه این‌که تغذیه کدام یک از کنجاله سویای فرآوری شده با زایلوز یا کنجاله گلوتن ذرت در شرایط مزرعه‌ای بهتر است، انجام شد. 94 رأس گاو هلشتاین چند شکم زایش کرده در اوایل دوره شیردهی در قالب یک طرح کاملاً تصادفی مورد استفاده قرار گرفتند. گاوها به طور تصادفی به یکی از دو تیمار (1) کنجاله گلوتن ذرت یا (2) کنجاله سویای فرآوری شده با زایلوز به عنوان منبع اصلی پروتئین غیر قابل تجزیه در شکمبه در جیره غذایی اختصاص یافتند. مصرف ماده خشک، تولید شیر و شیر تصحیح شده بر اساس 5/3 درصد چربی تحت تأثیر تیمارها قرار نگرفتند. یک تمایل به معنی‌داری برای نسبت بالاتر تولید شیر تصحیح شده بر اساس 5/3 درصد چربی: ماده خشک مصرفی (57/1 در برابر 47/1) و درآمد: هزینه (97/1 در برابر 83/1) در تیمار 1 مشاهده شد. نیتروژن اوره‌ای شیر (89/15 در مقابل 16/15 میلی‌گرم در دسی‌لیتر) برای تیمار کنجاله سویای فرآوری شده با زایلوز بالاتر بود. گلوکز پلاسما، اسیدهای چرب غیر استریفیه شده، بتاهیدروکسی بوتیریک اسید، آلبومین، کل پروتئین و نیتروژن اوره‌ای خون بین تیمارهای مختلف تفاوت معنی‌داری نداشتند. این نتایج نشان می‌دهد که تحت شرایط مزرعه‌ای و مواد خوراکی به کار رفته در این مطالعه، تغذیه کنجاله گلوتن ذرت در اوایل دوره‌ی شیردهی از لحاظ اقتصادی سودمند است، که در تقابل با باورهای مرسوم است. Manuscript profile
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        135 - عملکرد جوجه‌های گوشتی تغذیه شده با دو واریته از دانه ذرت گینه و دانه ارزن به عنوان جایگزین دانه ذرت
        E.D. Bulus E.A. Ibe S.T. Yakubu I. Samuel O.J. Makinde
        این مطالعه برای ارزیابی اثر جایگزینی کامل دانه ذرت با دو واریته از دانه ذرت گینه‌ای و دو واریته از ارزن روی عملکرد رشدی و ابقاء مواد مغذی در جوجه‌های گوشتی انجام شد. پنج جیره با محتوای انرژی و پروتئین یکسان برای دوره آغازین (5/23 درصد پروتئین خام و 2800 کیلوکالری انرژی More
        این مطالعه برای ارزیابی اثر جایگزینی کامل دانه ذرت با دو واریته از دانه ذرت گینه‌ای و دو واریته از ارزن روی عملکرد رشدی و ابقاء مواد مغذی در جوجه‌های گوشتی انجام شد. پنج جیره با محتوای انرژی و پروتئین یکسان برای دوره آغازین (5/23 درصد پروتئین خام و 2800 کیلوکالری انرژی متابولیسمی) و دوره پایانی (5/21 درصد پروتیئن خام و 2900 کیلوکالری انرژی متابولیسمی) فرموله شدند. جیره فرموله شده بر اساس دانه ذرت به عنوان جیره کنترل استفاده گردید. جیره‌های 2، 3، 4 و 5 به ترتیب جیره‌های براساس دانه ذرت سفید گینه، دانه ذرت زرد گینه، دانه ارزن مرواریدی و دانه ارزن انگشتی بودند. تعداد 225 قطعه جوجه گوشتی یکروزه از سویه مارشال به طور تصادفی به پنج جیره آزمایشی اختصاص یافتند. وزن پایانی و افزایش وزن روزانه در جوجه‌های تغذیه شده با دانه ارزن مرواریدی و انگشتی در مراحل آغازین و پایانی بیشتر بود. جیره یر اساس دانه ارزن مرواریدی دارای بهترین ضریب تبدیل خوراک و پایین‌ترین هزینه برای هر واحد افزایش وزن بود. مصرف خوراک در مرحله آغازین در جوجه‌های تغذیه شده با جیره حاوی دانه دزت گینه در مقایسه با جیره بر اساس دانه ذرت بالاتر بود. جوجه‌های تغذیه شده با جیره حاوی دانه ذرت گینه پایین‌ترین وزن بدن، افزایش وززن روزانه، مصرف خوراک و ضریب تبدیل خوراک را در مرحله پایانی نشان دادند. نتیجه این‌که، جایگزنی کامل دانه ذرت با دانه ارزن یا دانه ذرت گینه در جیره جوجه‌های گوشتی به مصرف خوراک، وزن بدن، ضریب تبدیل خوراک و ابقای مواد مغذی آسیبی نمی‌رساند. Manuscript profile
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        136 - Comparative ionomics and growth factors alteration in Lotus corniculatus under salt stress.
        Marjan Azarafshan Azarafshan Nasser Abbaspour
        10.30495/ijpp.2016.532650
        Manuscript profile
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        137 - Biochemical Response of Different Hybrids of Corn to Consumption of Biological and Chemical Potassium Fertilize and Drought Stress in Dehloran climatic
        Mohamad Sadegh Azadi1,2 Alireza Shokoohfar2* Mani Mojadam2 Shahram Lak2 Mojtaba Alavifazel2
        This study was carried out to evatuate the effects of combined application of chemical and biological Potassium fertilizer, on biochemical characteristics and grain yield of corn hybrids under drought stress conditions in 2015 and 2016 years in Dehloran city. The experi More
        This study was carried out to evatuate the effects of combined application of chemical and biological Potassium fertilizer, on biochemical characteristics and grain yield of corn hybrids under drought stress conditions in 2015 and 2016 years in Dehloran city. The experiment was conducted as split-split plots in a randomized completely block design (RCBD) with three replications. The main factor consists of three levels of stress,optimum irrigation, irrigation cut in 12 leaf stage and irrigation cut at the corn flower emergence stage, Sub-factor contains of three levels of potassium: application of 100% fertilizer requirements as Potassium sulfate fertilizer, application of 70% Potassium sulfate fertilizer along with 30% Pta-Barvar-2 bio-fertilizer, 50% Potassium sulfate fertilizer along with 50% Pta-Barvar-2 bio-fertilizer and sub-sub- factor contains of three corn hybrids: AS71, NS640 and CORDONA. The results of compound analysis showed that the interaction between year, drought stress, fertilizer and hybrid were significant on chlorophyll content, proline and grain protein at 1% probability level. Also, the interaction of drought stress, fertilizer, hybrid had significant effects on the enzyme superoxide dismutase, potassium grain and grain yield. Also, Application of biological and chemical potassium fertilizers under drought stress had a positive effect on biochemical characteristics and grain yield. Based on the interaction between treatments, the highest grain yield (12230 kg.ha-1) was found in 50% potassium fertilizer + 50% fertilizer Peta Fertilizer in hybrid AS71 under favorable irrigation conditions and the lowest grain yield (4616 kg.ha-1) obtained by NS640 hybrid and 100% chemical fertilizer application and by the irrigation cut at the corn flower emergence stage. Manuscript profile
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        138 - Evaluation of AquaCrop and WOFOST in simulating of corn yield under deficit irrigation
        Aslan Egdernezhad1 Ali Reza Masjedi 2 Ali Reza Shokouhfar 3 Mojtaba Alavifazel 4
        This study was conducted to evaluate two crop growth models (AquaCrop and WOFOST) in simulating corn yield under different irrigation water (T1:50, T2:75, T3:100 and T4: 150 mm evaporation from pan A) using data collected from a research farm station in Ahwaz during one More
        This study was conducted to evaluate two crop growth models (AquaCrop and WOFOST) in simulating corn yield under different irrigation water (T1:50, T2:75, T3:100 and T4: 150 mm evaporation from pan A) using data collected from a research farm station in Ahwaz during one season crop. Results showed that the highest and the lowest different between collected and simulated yield values using AquaCrop were obtained in T3 (0.45 ton.ha-1) and T2 (0.10 ton.ha-1), respectively. Using WOFOST were obtained in T4 (0.15 ton.ha-1) and T1 (0.01 ton.ha-1), respectively. The lowest and the highest different for biomass values using AquaCrop were obtained in T4 (1.1 ton.ha-1) and T3 (2.03 ton.ha-1), respectively. Results for WOFOST were obtained in T2 (0.65 ton.ha-1) and T1 (1.95 ton.ha-1), respectively. RSME values for corn yield using AquaCrop and WOFOST were 0.16 and 0.15 ton.ha-1, respectively. RMSE values for corn biomass using AquaCrop and WOFOST were 0.92 and 0.88 ton.ha-1, respectively. Values for MBE using AquaCrop and WOFOST were 0.04 and -0.05 ton.ha-1 for corn yield, respectively, and -0.52 and -0.47 ton.ha-1 for corn biomass, respectively. In general, WOFOST had a better accuracy to simulate corn yield. Manuscript profile
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        139 - Effects of plant density and different amounts of nitrogen on remobilization changes in yield of corn (Zea mays L.) S.C. 704
        Mandana Sotodeh Mojtaba AlaviFazel
        To evaluate of the role of remobilization in yield of corn (S.C. 704)in conditions of change of density and nitrogen, this experiment was conducted as a factorial based on randomized complete block design with three replications in Ramhormoz city, southwest of Iran, dur More
        To evaluate of the role of remobilization in yield of corn (S.C. 704)in conditions of change of density and nitrogen, this experiment was conducted as a factorial based on randomized complete block design with three replications in Ramhormoz city, southwest of Iran, during 2015-2016 cropping season. a factor consisted of plant density per square meter (8, 10 and 12) and another factor of pure nitrogen consumption (from 46% urea source) included 50, 100, 150 kg. ha-1.The results showed that the plant density and nitrogen fertilizer significant effect on grain yield, biological, remobilization, remobilization and contribution of current photosynthesis is. The highest grain yield (8090.4 kg. ha-1) of 8 plants per square meter and the lowest (6480.1 kg. ha-1) were obtained from 12 plant per square meter. The highest grain yield (8650.7 kg. ha-1) was obtained from 150 kg. ha-1 nitrogen fertilizer treatment and the lowest (6160.7 kg. ha-1) was obtained from 50 kg. ha-1nitrogen fertilizer treatment. Most current photosynthesis and remobilization and current photosynthesis contribution of 8 plants per square meter and 150 kg of nitrogen per hectare, respectively. Most remobilization of 8 plants per square meter (143.1 g.m-2), respectively. Overall, the experimental results showed that consumption of 150 kg / ha of pure nitrogen at a density of eight plants per square meter could increase grain yield by 46% compared to consumption of 50 kg / ha nitrogen and a density of 12 plants per square meter and improve corn production.  Manuscript profile
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        140 - Educational Needs of Corn Farmers Regarding Biological Control Bracon Parasitoid of Corn Caradrina in Dezful Township, Khouzestan Province, Iran
        Ahmad Reza Ommani Ali Jafar Khadem
        The purpose of research was analyzing educational needs of corn farmer's regarding biological control Bracon parasitoid of corn Caradrina in Dezful Township, Khouzestan province, Iran. The method of research was correlative descriptive. A random sample of Dezful townshi More
        The purpose of research was analyzing educational needs of corn farmer's regarding biological control Bracon parasitoid of corn Caradrina in Dezful Township, Khouzestan province, Iran. The method of research was correlative descriptive. A random sample of Dezful township corn farmers of Khouzestan province, Iran (n=350) were selected for participation in the study. A questionnaire was developed to gather information regarding educational needs of corn farmer's regarding biological control Bracon parasitoid of corn Caradrina. The questionnaire was pilot tested in Shoushtar Township. Questionnaire reliability was estimated by Cronbach’s alpha. Reliability was 0.85. Data collected were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). The results indicated 53.4% of corn farmers had low and very low knowledge regarding biological control Bracon parasitoid of corn Caradrina. Based on results, farmers need to education regarding all subject area of biological control. Also, there was significant correlation between knowledge of corn farmer's with social participation, level of education, income, technical knowledge and extension activity. The result of regression indicated that 53% of the variances in the knowledge of respondents could be explained by the social participation, level of education, income, technical knowledge and extension activity. Manuscript profile
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        141 - The Impact of Bio-Ethanol Conversion and Global Climate Change on Corn Economic Performanve of Indonesia
        Yudi Ferrianta Nuhfil Hanani Budi Setiawan Wahib Muhaimin
        Many studies conclude that the rise in global food prices due to higher demand from the development of biofuels, climate anomalies, and increased of oil prices. Not only the food commodity index rose more than 60 percent, nonfood commodity price index also rose over 60 More
        Many studies conclude that the rise in global food prices due to higher demand from the development of biofuels, climate anomalies, and increased of oil prices. Not only the food commodity index rose more than 60 percent, nonfood commodity price index also rose over 60 percent and crude oil price index has increased even further above 60 percent. The purpose of this study is to analyze the impact of bio-ethanol conversion and global climate change on corn economic performance of Indonesia. The results showed that the food crisis caused by climate anomalies lead the world corn prices rose 50 percent, impact on Indonesia corn imports fell by 11.86 percent. And the other hand, the energy crisis that caused the corn used as feedstock for ethanol that caused U.S. corn exports only 20 percent of their products have an impact on Indonesia on maize imports fell 32.4 percent. Manuscript profile
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        142 - Determining Comparative Advantages of Corn in Optimal Cultivation Pattern
        Samaneh Abedi Gholam Reza Peykani Mohammad Kavoosi Kalashami
        The purpose of this study is to investigate comparative advantages of corn in comparison with other competitor crops. To do so, Linear Programming, to 2004-2005 data related to classic index (DRC) in Kermanshah province was applied. Results showed that corn has comparat More
        The purpose of this study is to investigate comparative advantages of corn in comparison with other competitor crops. To do so, Linear Programming, to 2004-2005 data related to classic index (DRC) in Kermanshah province was applied. Results showed that corn has comparative advantages in all regions of Kermanshah province while in optimal cultivation pattern of 37.5 percentages of regions in existence of rotation and 50 percentages of regions in lack of rotation, corn acreage has been increased. In addition, comparing optimal cultivation pattern resulted from linear programming models with crops ranking based on comparative advantage indices indicated that, resources availability and limitations, tradable and non-tradable inputs costs and yield will lead to shift in production’s comparative advantage from one crop to another. Factors such as supporting policies and rotation might also have effects on comparative advantages and optimal cultivating pattern. Manuscript profile
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        143 - مصرف انرژی در مزارع (مورد مطالعه:دهستان دیره، استان کرمانشاه)
        نشمیل افشارزاده عبدالحمید پاپ زدن سهراب دل انگیزان مهدی اشجعی
        این پژوهش بر میزان مصرف گازوئیل به عنوان یکی از انرژی های تجدیدناپذیر توسط ماشین آلات و پمپ آب کشاورزی در مزارع گندم و ذرت دهستان دیره دراستان کرمانشاه تمرکزکرده است. حجم نمونه در این مطالعه با استفاده از جدول بارتلت تعیین شد. برای انتخاب پاسخ دهندگان، ازروش­های نمو More
        این پژوهش بر میزان مصرف گازوئیل به عنوان یکی از انرژی های تجدیدناپذیر توسط ماشین آلات و پمپ آب کشاورزی در مزارع گندم و ذرت دهستان دیره دراستان کرمانشاه تمرکزکرده است. حجم نمونه در این مطالعه با استفاده از جدول بارتلت تعیین شد. برای انتخاب پاسخ دهندگان، ازروش­های نمونه گیری طبقه ای تصادفی و سرشماری استفاده شد. نمونه­ها مشتمل بر247 کشاورز گندمکار، 235 ذرت­کار و 57 راننده تراکتور بودند که بر مبنای جدول بارتلت انتخاب شدند. رانندگان  کمباین و صاحبان پمپ­های دیزلی آبیاری سرشماری شدند (N = 15، N = 48). ابزار گردآوری داده­ها پرسشنامه بود و تحلیل داده­ها توسط نرم افزار SPSS انجام شد. این یافته­ها نشان داد هم در مزارع گندم و هم مزارع ذرت، آماده­سازی خاک بالاترین مصرف گازوئیل را  به ترتیب با 49٪ و 37٪  دارا بود. افزون بر این، مقدار گازوئیل مصرف شده در 3600 هکتار مزارع گندم و ذرت دهستان دیره معادل  6/403852 لیتر/سال معادل MJ 399،346،15 بود. سوزاندن این مقدار از گازوئیل سالانه حدود 094 ,058,1 کیلوگرم CO2 تولید می­کند. به طور کلی، ماشین آلات کشاورزی، پمپاژ آب و آبیاری برای دو محصول عمده­ی دهستان به نحو گسترده ای وابسته به سوخت­های فسیلی و تجدید ناپذیر است که نتیجه­ی آن انتشار  مقدار زیادی  CO2 می­باشد. این رو، به نظر می­رسد یک سیاست تهاجمی و نوآورانه  برای بازسازی و طراحی مجدد سیستم انرژی در بخش کشاورزی در سطح ملی و محلی مورد نیاز جدی کشوربوده و تغییر پارادایم به کشاورزی پایدار و توسعه انرژی پاک و تجدید پذیر در بخش کشاورزی ایران اجتناب ناپذیر است. Manuscript profile
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        144 - Reactive extraction of propionic acid from aqueous solutions using trioctylamine in corn oil
        gholam khayati Alahyar Daghbandan Sedigheh Amirpour
        Propionic acid is widely used in chemical and allied industries and can be produced by biocultivation in a clean and environmentally friendly route. Recovery of the acid from the dilute stream from the bioreactor is an economic problem. Reactive extraction is a promisin More
        Propionic acid is widely used in chemical and allied industries and can be produced by biocultivation in a clean and environmentally friendly route. Recovery of the acid from the dilute stream from the bioreactor is an economic problem. Reactive extraction is a promising method of recovering the acid. In this paper, the trioctylamine (TOA) on the reactive extraction of Propionic acid from dilute aqueous solutions has been studied. In this series of experiments, Taguchi method was used as a powerful method to optimize the factors affecting extraction process. The optimum conditions for TOA concentration, propionic acid concentration, salt type, and temperature are 30 (%V/V), 0.25 (mol), KH2PO4 and 40 °C, respectively. The results showed that TOA concentration and salt type played a major role in increasing the efficiency of propionic acid reactive extraction. Also, thermodynamic parameters were calculated as a function of temperature for this system and the results showed that propionic acid extraction was controlled by entropy changes. Manuscript profile
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        145 - Temperature, photoperiod and irradiance on growth of Gracilaria salicornia (Gracilariales, Rhodophyta), in vitro
        F. Rafeei P. Nejatkhah Manavi H. Kermanshshi M. Parvaresh
        The green alge Gracilaria salicornia was collected from coasts of Gheshm Island in Persian Gulf in September 2010.The effect of temperature, photoperiod and irradiance on growth of Gracilaria salicornia were carried out over 6 weeks under laboratory conditions.  Fo More
        The green alge Gracilaria salicornia was collected from coasts of Gheshm Island in Persian Gulf in September 2010.The effect of temperature, photoperiod and irradiance on growth of Gracilaria salicornia were carried out over 6 weeks under laboratory conditions.  For each treatment, the algae were inoculated into 20 litre water with diameters of 60×30×40 cm. The suspension method used for culture .All treatments (tanks) were carried out in triplicates. The treatments were temperatures (20, 25 and 30oC), photoperiods (12:12, 14:12 and 16:8, light: dark, respectively) and photon irradiances (24, 66 and 94                         photons m-2 S-1).  The length, width and weight of the thalli were measured on 7, 14, 21, 28, 35 and 42 days. The results of this study showed significant differences on growth of G.salicornia between treatments (P<0.05). Maximum relative growth rate was obtained from 12:12 photoperiod with 2.46 %. Manuscript profile
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        146 - Effects of Azosprilium and Cytokinins Hormone on Physiological Traits of Corn ( Zea Mays L. )
        ساسان بشيري
        In order to study the effects of Azosprilium and Cytokinins Hormone on the physiological traits of corn ( Zea Mays L. ), an experiment was conducted in Agriculture Research Farm of Miandoab during the farming season of 2014. Experimental factors were Azospirilium in thr More
        In order to study the effects of Azosprilium and Cytokinins Hormone on the physiological traits of corn ( Zea Mays L. ), an experiment was conducted in Agriculture Research Farm of Miandoab during the farming season of 2014. Experimental factors were Azospirilium in three levels ( control, 8 and 25g ) and cytokinins hormone in three levels ( control, 100 milligrams per liter, 200 mg/liter ). Factorial design was a randomized complete block with three replications. Results showed that the use of Azosprilium had significant effect on leaf weight, cob weight, seed number per row, biological yield, grain yield, grain phosphor and oil. Except for cob weight, cytokinin had significant impact on all understudied traits. Interaction of azosprilium and cytokinin had also considerable effect on leaf weight, cob weight grain number per row, 1000-kernel weight, biological and grain yield and chlorophyll content. The comparison of azosprilium level mean showed that level of 25 grams produced highest amount of cob weight, grain number per row, biological yield, grain yield, and chlorophyll content. Cytokinins treatment level of 100 mg/liter brought about the highest amount of leaf weight, cob diameters, grain yield, and chlorophyll content. Furthermore, interaction between azosprilium and cytokinins treatment 25 grams azosprilium combined with 100 mg/liter showed the highest leaf weight, cob weight, grain number per row , grain yield, and chlorophyll content. Therefore, the use of these compounds can reduce the amount of chemical fertilizer and economic pressure on farmers and also can diminish the environmental pollution. Manuscript profile
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        147 - Jami and Music
        Yadollah Bahmani Motlagh Mohammad Reza Sam Khaniani
        Jami is a poet whose poems musician with many musical idioms and passwords secret and colorful. This has caused a lot of poetry, regardless of musical meanings of words and phrases, it seems problematic, especially when changing positions consist that today it is called More
        Jami is a poet whose poems musician with many musical idioms and passwords secret and colorful. This has caused a lot of poetry, regardless of musical meanings of words and phrases, it seems problematic, especially when changing positions consist that today it is called modulation or when reading or writing shuffle speaks the song and how must fit with the song and its issues, including reading, singing stud, modulate reading, ups and downs, and so we picked back or return. Otherwise it is not art and will enjoy a nice cup of entrepreneurship rather than concepts and their implications will Bhrmndh.etc, to explain musical terms used in Jami’s poetry have been to better understand the poem. Jami's poetry reading and musical review them and take his music  thesis shows, in addition to cup scientific and practical acquaintance with the instruments and components and how to build them, the secret of Song Ciphers are knew songs in authorities cases, especially when singing and writing shuffle speaks the song's current views with views of teachers are close. The Court of Jami's always music in terms of its technical sense, but then went to work for the beauty of creation were literal. Manuscript profile
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        148 - Potential of Carbon Sequestration of Hammada salicornica Vegetation Type in Desert Areas (Case Study: South Khorasan, Iran)
        Hossein Tavakoli
        Manuscript profile
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        149 - Effect of Transplanting Time on Yield and Yield Components of Seed Corn in Kermanshah
        فرهاد صادقی
        To reduce water consumption in corn fields, and increase production and maintain the corn crop area of the province, a project was conducted as split-plot design based on randomized complete block design with three replications. The main plots consisted of cultivars and More
        To reduce water consumption in corn fields, and increase production and maintain the corn crop area of the province, a project was conducted as split-plot design based on randomized complete block design with three replications. The main plots consisted of cultivars and subplots in different times on transplantation with direct seed culture of these cultivars. Agronomic traits were measured including plant height, ear height, stem diameter, number of days to emergence of pollen and silk tasseled , number of days to reaching physiology, number of rows of seeds and seeds per row, 1000 seed weight, ear weight, grain moisture content and grain yield. The results showed that the grain yield of KSC 704 and KSC 400 was 10330 and 9506, respectively, and the yield of KSC 260 was 7784 kg / ha. The highest grain yield was obtained from KSC 704, the two-week of transplanting corn seedling with 11640 kg/ha-1 . The average yield of cultivars × five weeks of seedling transplantation with 6597 kg/ ha -1 , which showed the most suitable transfer time of maize transplant was 3 weeks age or 21 days, which were 10 days earlier and had the highest grain yield and therefore are recommended. Manuscript profile
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        150 - Effect of tillage systems and fertilization (NPK) on quantitative and qualitative traits of corn (Zea mays L.)
        Davood Barari Tari amin fathi Hormoz Fallah Yousof Nicknejad
        In order to investigate tillage system and fertilization management in improving the quantitative and qualitative traits of corn, a split-plot experiment was laid out in the base of RCBD with four replications in Darrehshahr (Ilam province) during 2016 – 2017. Exp More
        In order to investigate tillage system and fertilization management in improving the quantitative and qualitative traits of corn, a split-plot experiment was laid out in the base of RCBD with four replications in Darrehshahr (Ilam province) during 2016 – 2017. Experimental treatments consisted of three levels of tillage [zero-tillage (direct sowing), conservative tillage (using compound and furrower), conventional tillage (Moldboard plow + double discs + pellets furrower)] and nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium (NPK) in three levels [included not use of chemical fertilizer (NPK)0, 50% recommended NPK (NPK)50, 100% recommended NPK (NPK)100]. The results of mean comparisons showed that the highest nitrogen yield per grain (30.15 kg.kg-1) was obtained in conservative tillage which is more than the no-tillage system with the use of (NPK) 100. The highest grain yield (8401 kg.ha-1) was obtained in conservative tillage treatment with use of (NPK)100 while least grain yield (5239 kg ha-1) was obtained in no-tillage with use of (NPK)0. It can be concluded that conservative tillage improves the absorption of elements which has increased the nutrient use efficiency. Conservative tillage against no-tillage system had a positive effect on yield, yield components, and nutrient efficiency while in some traits, this increase was more than a conventional system. Manuscript profile
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        151 - Response of morphophysiological of maize to plant growth promoting rhizobacteria, Zinc fertilizer and irrigation interval
        Seyyed Gholamreza Moosavi
        In order to study of water deficit stress and application of Zinc fertilizer and two strains of rhizobacteria including Pseudomonas putida (Sp) and Pseudomonas fluorescens (Pf) on morphophysiological traits and seed yield of maize, a expriment was carried out as a split More
        In order to study of water deficit stress and application of Zinc fertilizer and two strains of rhizobacteria including Pseudomonas putida (Sp) and Pseudomonas fluorescens (Pf) on morphophysiological traits and seed yield of maize, a expriment was carried out as a split plot-factorial design based on randomized compelate block with three replications at Mahvalat Razavi Khorasan provience, Iran in 2012.Irrigation intervals of 6, 9 and 12 days were as main plots and rhizobacteria (non inoculation, Sp and Sf) and Zinc fertilizer (0 and 50 kg Zinc sulphate ha-1) were as sub plots. Plant height, stem diameter, ear diameter and length, leaf rolling index, relative water content and seed yield were evaluated in this expriment. The results indicated that water deficit stress decreased significantly all mentioned above traits. Also PGPR inoculation increased all traits with except to leaf rolling index. Zinc sulphate application significantly increased plant height, ear length and seed yield. As irrigation interval increased from 6 to 12 days, leaf rolling index increased 3.2 times and seed yield decreased 57.3%, but zinc sulphate and Pseudomonas bacteria application significantly decreased leaf rolling index and significantly increased seed yield. Seed yield significantly affected by double interaction. In conclusion zinc sulphate application and seed inoculation by Pseudomonas can be recommended for maize cultivation, espically in semi-arid and arid conditions. Manuscript profile
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        152 - Effect of different irrigation regimes, plastic mulch and anti-transpiration materials on some physiological attributes and grain yield of rainbow corn
        Davoud Adelian Hooshang Farajee Amin Salehi Ali Moradi
        به‌ منظور بررسی اثر خاکپوشه پلاستیک و مواد ضد تعرق کائولین و آترازین تحت تاثیر سطوح مختلف آبیاری بر برخی صفات فیزیولوژیک و عملکرد دانه ذرت رنگین، آزمایشی مزرعه‌ای در منطقه برازجان، استان بوشهر در دو سال 1396-1395 اجرا گردید. آزمایش به‌صورت اسپلیت اسپلیت پلات بر پایه طرح More
        به‌ منظور بررسی اثر خاکپوشه پلاستیک و مواد ضد تعرق کائولین و آترازین تحت تاثیر سطوح مختلف آبیاری بر برخی صفات فیزیولوژیک و عملکرد دانه ذرت رنگین، آزمایشی مزرعه‌ای در منطقه برازجان، استان بوشهر در دو سال 1396-1395 اجرا گردید. آزمایش به‌صورت اسپلیت اسپلیت پلات بر پایه طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار اجرا شد. عامل اصلی آزمایش شامل آبیاری در سه سطح، شامل: 1) 25 درصد تخلیه رطوبتی آب قابل استفاده خاک؛ 2) 40 درصد تخلیه رطوبتی آب قابل استفاده خاک و 3) 60 درصد تخلیه رطوبتی آب قابل استفاده خاک و عامل‌ فرعی در دو سطح شامل خاکپوشه پلاستیک و بدون خاکپوشه و عامل‌ فرعی فرعی در سه سطح شامل مواد ضد تعرق کائولین، آترازین و شاهد بدون مصرف ماده ضد تعرق بودند. نتایج نشان داد که برهمکنش سطوح مختلف آبیاری، مواد ضد تعرق بر نسبت Fv/Fm و برهمکنش خاکپوشه پلاستیک و مواد ضد تعرق بر میزان قند محلول برگ معنی‌دار گردید. در سطح آبیاری 60 درصد تخلیه مجاز رطوبتی، بیشترین نسبت Fv/Fm (578/0) در تیمار آترازین و کمترین مقدار آن (468/0) در تیمار کائولین بدست آمد. در شرایطی که میزان رطوبت خاک محدود است، استفاده از خاکپوشه پلاستیک و آترازین جهت حصول حداکثر عملکرد کیفی و کمی قابل توصیه می‌باشد. Manuscript profile
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        153 - Effect of furrow irrigation patterns on yield and yield components of two corn varieties (Zea mays L.)
        Seyed Keyvan Marashi Zolikha Makvandi zadeh
        In order to evaluate the effect of furrow irrigation patterns on yield and yield components of corn cultivars, an experiment was carried out as split plot in a randomized complete block design with three replications in the Shushtar city. Irrigation patterns (main plot) More
        In order to evaluate the effect of furrow irrigation patterns on yield and yield components of corn cultivars, an experiment was carried out as split plot in a randomized complete block design with three replications in the Shushtar city. Irrigation patterns (main plot) include: furrow full irrigation(control), fixed alternate furrow irrigation, variable alternate furrow irrigation, two time alternate furrow irrigation and one full irrigation and two time full furrow irrigation and one alternate furrow irrigation and maize cultivars (subplots), including: S.C 704 and Karun. Results showed that the maximum grain yield by 5260.5 kg/h obtained from full irrigation furrow and after that it was belonged to and two time full furrow irrigation and one alternate furrow irrigation by 4530.4 kg/h. The interaction between two treatments showed that the maximum grain yield in S.C 704 cultivar obtained in furrow full irrigation with 5120 kg/ha which was not significantly different as compared to the two time full furrow irrigation and one alternate furrow irrigation by 4723 kg/h. Generally, in areas with water deficit can recommend the management of two times full furrow irrigation and one alternate furrow irrigation and use of S.C 704 cultivar. Manuscript profile
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        154 - Effect of Different Irrigation Methods and Superabsorbent Polymer on Yield and Water Productivity of Corn
        Fayaz Aghayari Fatemeh Khalili Mohammad Reza Ardakani
        To study the effect of different irrigation methods and superabsorbent polymer on yield and water productivity of corn, a field experiment was carried out in factorial split plot arrangement using randomized complete block design with four replications at Research Farm More
        To study the effect of different irrigation methods and superabsorbent polymer on yield and water productivity of corn, a field experiment was carried out in factorial split plot arrangement using randomized complete block design with four replications at Research Farm of College of Agriculture, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran, in 2013-2014 growing season. Deficit irrigation with three levels including irrigation with 100, 75 and 50 percent crop water requirement, furrow irrigation methods with two levels including fixed alternate furrow irrigation and conventional furrow irrigation that were located in the main plots and superabsorbent polymer with two levels including non-use superabsorbent polymer and used of superabsorbent (30kg/ha) that were located in the sub plots. The results showed that in condition of deficit irrigation for supply grain yield, we can use fixed alternate furrow irrigation method instead of the conventional furrow irrigation method. The highest water productivity for grain yield (2.06 kg.m-3) and biologic yield (4.71 kg.m-3) was achieved in condition of irrigation with 75% crop water requirement and fixed alternate furrow irrigation method. The use of superabsorbent in fixed alternate furrow irrigation method increased water productivity for grain yield and biologic yield (26.6 and 14.5 percent, respectively) as compared with non-use. In the context, application of fixed alternate furrow irrigation with 75% crop water requirement and superabsorbent increased significantly water productivity for corn yield. Manuscript profile
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        155 - Evaluation of yield and yield components of grain corn under the influence of planting date and hybrid in winter cultivation
        Hamid Najafikjad Mohammad Ali Javaheri seyed zabi Ravari
        In Orzoiyeh region, water deficit is the most important environmental stress limiting plant growth and production. A field experiment was conducted over two years 2010-2011 in Orzoiyeh Research Station to determine the most suitable of planting date and hybrid for winte More
        In Orzoiyeh region, water deficit is the most important environmental stress limiting plant growth and production. A field experiment was conducted over two years 2010-2011 in Orzoiyeh Research Station to determine the most suitable of planting date and hybrid for winter cultivation of corn . This study was conducted as a split- plot in randomized complete block design with four replications. Main plots were planting date with four levels ( 3 February, 17 February, 2 March, 18 March) and sub plots were four different corn hybrids (TWC 600, TWC 647, SC 704, SC 720). Results showed that there weren’t any significant difference between planting dates for grain yield and yield components, but planting in 18 March had the highest plant height and ear diameter. Between corn hybrids, SC 720 produced highest grain yield (10.48 t ha-1). Grain yield in SC720 hybrid was 2.02 t ha-1 higher than control (SC 704). SC‌720 hybrid had the highest amounts of ear diameter and number row per ear than others. Based on these results, can be concluded that in Orzoiyeh region, cultivation of corn in the range of 3 February to 18 March is possible, but 18 march is the best planting date. As well as SC 720 as a new hybrid can be introduced in this region. Manuscript profile
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        156 - Response of Single-Cross 704 Maize to Application of Chemical and Biological Nitrogen Fertilizers and Different Cultivation Patterns under Drought Stress
        shirin dast bandan nejad mojtaba alavifazel Mani Mojadam Shahram Lak Alireza shokoohfar
        Present study was carried out to study the effects of drought stress, combined application of chemical and biological nitrogen fertilizer, and planting pattern on maize (SC 704) in 2015 and 2018 in Dehloran city. The experiment was conducted as a split-split plots in a More
        Present study was carried out to study the effects of drought stress, combined application of chemical and biological nitrogen fertilizer, and planting pattern on maize (SC 704) in 2015 and 2018 in Dehloran city. The experiment was conducted as a split-split plots in a completely randomized block design with three replications. Treatments were three levels of drought stress in the main plots: optimum irrigation, irrigation cut in 12 leaf stage and irrigation cut at the cornflower emergence stage, three levels of nitrogen application in sub plots: application of 100% fertilizer requirements as urea chemical fertilizer, application of 70% urea fertilizer along with 30% Azoto-Barvar-1 biofertilizer, 40% urea fertilizer along with 60% Azoto-Barvar-1 biofertilizer and three planting patterns in sub-sub-plots: single-row, two-row and zigzag cultivation. The results showed that the combined application of biological and chemical nitrogen fertilizers under drought stress had a positive effect on leaf area index, stomatal conductance, chlorophyll, 1000-grain weight, grain yield and grain protein. So that the highest grain yield was obtained with 40% fertilizer required as urea with 60% Azoto-Barvar-1 biofertilizer (10870 kg). The interaction of treatments was significant on stomatal conductance, grain yield, grain yield at 1% probability level. The interaction of nitrogen fertilizer, drought and planting pattern was significant on seed filling rate, grain filling time and growth rate at 1% level. Generally, based on the results, optimum irrigation conditions, 40% fertilizer required as urea with 60% Azoto-Barvar-1 biofertilizer and zigzag cultivating pattern were selected as the best experimental treatment. Manuscript profile
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        157 - Effect of Drought Stress, Different Levels of Nitrogen and Potassium Fertilizer on Some Physiological and Agronomical Traits of Maize hybrid (Zea mays L. CV. Single cross 704)
        Reza Rezaei Sokht-Abandani Seyed Ata Siadat Alireza pazoki shahram lack mani mojddam
        Abstract:In order to study the effect of drought stress, different levels of nitrogen and potassium fertilizers on the growth of corn this research were done at the agricultural research center of biokola (Neka) during two years 2015 and 2016. The experiment was conduct More
        Abstract:In order to study the effect of drought stress, different levels of nitrogen and potassium fertilizers on the growth of corn this research were done at the agricultural research center of biokola (Neka) during two years 2015 and 2016. The experiment was conducted as split factorial in a completely randomized block design with three replications on S.C704. The main factor was 4 levels of drought stress (irrigation after 75, 100, 125 and 150 millimeter evaporation from class A evaporation pan) and the sub-factor three levels of nitrogen (80, 160 and 240 kg.ha-1) and three levels of potassium (75, 150 and 225 kg.ha-1) were considered.The mean comparison results showed that with increasing nitrogen and potassium consumption, the harvest index decreased by 30.52%. Also, the lowest nitrogen removal index under the interaction of irrigation × nitrogen irrigation intervals with irrigation intervals of 150 mm evaporation from class an evaporation 240 kg N/ha decreased by 30.91%.The highest relative leaf water content and leaf chlorophyll content were obtained for irrigation intervals of 75 mm with kg.N.ha-1, 94.12% and 61.59%, respectively.Also, the highest grain and nitrogen yield were obtained for the second year in 75 mm irrigation interval and 240 kg.N.ha-1 with average 12807 kg/ha and 2.72%, respectively. So after increasing in drought stress, nitrogen and potassium, the traits as harvest index and nitrogen removal index decreased. Manuscript profile
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        158 - Effect of urea different levels and simultaneous cropping of some legumes on agronomic characteristics and total biomass of corn
        Mohammad Mirzakhani Esmaeil Alibakhshi
        In order to effect of urea levels and simultaneous cropping of legumes on agronomic characteristics and total biomass of corn, this study was carried out in field of agricultural research center of Markazi province in 2013. A factorial arrangement of treatment in a rand More
        In order to effect of urea levels and simultaneous cropping of legumes on agronomic characteristics and total biomass of corn, this study was carried out in field of agricultural research center of Markazi province in 2013. A factorial arrangement of treatment in a randomized complete block design with three replications was used. Urea manure levels [N0= without urea (Control), N1= 75 Kg ha-1 of urea, N2= 150 Kg ha-1 of urea, N3= 225 Kg ha-1 of urea) and simultaneous cropping treatment, (S1= Cultivation of corn, S2= Cultivation of corn + chickpea, S3= Cultivation of corn + cowpea, S4= Cultivation of corn + mung bean) were assigned in plots. Results indicated that the effect of urea levels on the characteristics such as: wet weight of Stem + leaves, wide of ear leaf, dry weight of ear + husk, nitrogen agronomic efficiency, number of legumes grains per m-2, total biomass of corn + legumes and amount of nitrogen absorbtion was significant. Effect of simultaneous cropping treatment on the characteristics such as: wet weight of Stem + leaves, nitrogen agronomic efficiency, number of legumes grains per m-2, total biomass of corn + legumes and amount of nitrogen absorbtion was significant, too. The maximum and minimum of total biomass of corn + legumes (36.42 and 21.47 ton ha-1) were obtained with the (225 Kg ha-1 urea + Simultaneous cropping of chickpea and corn) and (non application of urea + Simultaneous cropping of corn and mungbean) treatments, respectively. Manuscript profile
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        159 - Comparison of some nutritional and fermentative parameters of silage produced from maize (Zea mays L.) of single cross 704 cultivar during dent Stage
        Mohsen Kazemi
        An experiment was conducted to evaluate the nutritional value and some fermentation parameters of whole-crop corn forage (WCCF, Single cross 704 cultivar) collected at the dent stage, before and after ensiling. A whole sample of forage corn was ensiled in multi-layer pl More
        An experiment was conducted to evaluate the nutritional value and some fermentation parameters of whole-crop corn forage (WCCF, Single cross 704 cultivar) collected at the dent stage, before and after ensiling. A whole sample of forage corn was ensiled in multi-layer plastic bags for 60 and 120 days, and one sample was considered as control (without ensiling). Some chemical compounds, gas production parameters and fermentation parameters in the media and silage environment were determined using common laboratory methods. The chemical compounds (including CP, NDF, ADF, ADL, CF, EE, NFC, and OM), metabolizable energy, net energy for lactation, dry matter and organic matter digestibility, and gas production parameters of WCCF were not affected by the ensiling. However, by ensiling, the concentration of total volatile fatty acids (TVFA) and ammonia nitrogen in the culture medium were significantly increased compared to the control group. Also, lactic acid, acetic acid, and ammonia nitrogen showed a significant increase in the silage environment when WCCF ensiled, but in contrast, water-soluble carbohydrates and pH decreased significantly. The overall results showed that ensiling had no negative effect on the chemical compounds of WCCF, but increasing in some parameters (such as increasing TVFA in the medium and increasing the acetic acid and lactic acid) could have represented an effect on the fermentation process of WCCF after ensiling. No difference was found between the experimental results for corn silage, 60 and 120 days after ensiling. Therefore, WCCF (single cross 704) can be ensiled at dent stage with acceptable quality. Manuscript profile
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        160 - Effect of drought stress on grain yield and yield components on forage corn hybrids
        M. Hajibabaei F. Azizi
        In order to study the effect of drought stress on grain yield and yield components on some forage corn hybrids, an experiment was conducted at the experimental field of Seed and Plant Improvement Institute of Karaj, in 2009. The experiment was carried out using split-pl More
        In order to study the effect of drought stress on grain yield and yield components on some forage corn hybrids, an experiment was conducted at the experimental field of Seed and Plant Improvement Institute of Karaj, in 2009. The experiment was carried out using split-plot in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Main plots consisted of three levels of irrigation regimes (irrigation after 70, 100 and 130 mm evaporation from evaporation pan class A) and sub-plots included 14 new corn hybrids. The results showed that different between hybrids were significant for 1000-kernel weight, number of kernel per row, number of kernel row per ear and ear length. No significance differences were observed between hybrids for kernel yield, total number of kernels per ear and ear diameter. Also, all of the traits except number of row per ear decreased under drought stress conditions. Interaction between irrigation regimes and hybrid were significant for ear length. Increasing in drought stress resulted in decreasing of kernel yield in 31%. Regarding to the correlation of traits can be concluded that the ear length, ear diameter, number of grain per row, number of row per ear, grain weight, grain yield could have a significant impact in with changing in soil moisture deficiency. In addition to significant correlation under normal and mild drought stress conditions MP, GMP, STI were determined as the best indices. Under normal and drought stress TOL and SSI were the best indices for introduce drought tolerant maize hybrids. Hybrids KSC700, KLM77029/8-1-2-3-2-3×MO17 and K47/2-2-1-4-1-1-1×MO17 also identified as tolerant hybrids under drought stress conditions. Manuscript profile
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        161 - Effect of different irrigation levels on some quantitative and qualitative traits of maize and soybean in intercropping
        Y. Ghazi-khanlou Sani Kh. Jamshidi M.R. Azimi Moghadam
        In order to evaluation of yield and yield components of corn and soybean intercropping under different irrigation condition, a field experiment was conducted in research field of University of Zanjan as split plot based on randomized complete block design with three rep More
        In order to evaluation of yield and yield components of corn and soybean intercropping under different irrigation condition, a field experiment was conducted in research field of University of Zanjan as split plot based on randomized complete block design with three replications. The levels of irrigation containing 7days, as control, 9 days and 11 days were the main factors and pattern cropping as sub factors included sole cropping of corn, sole cropping of soybean, additive intercropping and replacement intercropping. The results showed that the highest yield obtained in control and 9 days irrigation regimens. There were not any significant differences in yield components between the control and 9 days irrigation regimen. The highest grain yield was obtained from the additive intercropping pattern. Irrigation levels had no effect on yield of soybean, and the highest yield was obtained in sole cropping of soybean, but, it did not show significant difference with intercropping. The interaction between irrigation and cropping pattern was not significant in any of the parameters in soybean and corn. In general, intercropping had significant advantages compared to monoculture. Nine days irrigation regimen was the best irrigation method for  grain yield in intercropping system. Manuscript profile
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        162 - Effect of partial rootzone drying (PRD) and application potassium and zinc fertilizer on water use efficiency on corn
        H.R. Ebrahimi H. Heydari Sharifabad Sh. Lak A. Naderi A. Modhej
        Innovations for saving water in irrigated agriculture and thereby improving water use efficiency are of paramount importance in water-scarce regions. Therefore, to see how restricted irrigation systems and different potassium and zinc fertilizer affect water use efficie More
        Innovations for saving water in irrigated agriculture and thereby improving water use efficiency are of paramount importance in water-scarce regions. Therefore, to see how restricted irrigation systems and different potassium and zinc fertilizer affect water use efficiency and yield of corn, an experiment was conducted in an arid area in Marvdasht, Iran in 2012. A split-Factorial experimental design was used based on a complete randomized block design with three replications. The main plots consisted of two irrigation methods: FI (full irrigation) and partial rootzoon drying (PRD). Each subplot received three rates of K fertilizer application: 0, 2.5 or 5 kg ha-1 and three rates of Zn fertilizer application: 0, 2.5 or 5 kg ha-1 .The results showed that the plots receiving the full irrigation resulted in significantly higher grain yields, 1000-kernel weight and grain number per cob than PRD treatment. However, the highest WUE and IWUE were obtained in PRD, 5 kg K ha-1 and 5 kg ZN ha-1 and the lowest one was found in the FI treatment .In general, PRD irrigation method at high level of potassium and zinc fertilizer improved WUE and decreased WU in corn to 40% in an arid region. Manuscript profile
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        163 - Mixture of new and current herbicides for weed control in corn single cross 647
        somayye esfandyari farrokh dinqezli mansore moeini
        To study the effect of different and mixture herbicides on weeds control of maize an experiment base on Randomized Complete Block Design with four replications was conducted at the Agricultural Research Center of Zarghan in 2013. The experiment consisted of 10 treatment More
        To study the effect of different and mixture herbicides on weeds control of maize an experiment base on Randomized Complete Block Design with four replications was conducted at the Agricultural Research Center of Zarghan in 2013. The experiment consisted of 10 treatments including separate and combined application of herbicide nicosulfuron, ultima, bromicide MA and 2,4- D by different dose in addition with weedy and weed free during growth season. All of herbicides were effective on broadleaf weed control such as pigweed, lambsquarters and borage. The highest dry weight of weeds was related to weedy treatment, 2-4-D herbicide (1.5 L/ha) and CMA (bromoxynil+MCPA) 1.5 L.ha during growth season. Reduction in herbicide doses of nicosulfuron and ultima (1.5 L/ha and 150 g/ha) were successful in weed control.  While application of Bromicide with 0.5 L/ha besides nicosulfouron 1 L/ha and citogate surfactants did not have proper control of johnson grass. Maximum height, number of kernels per ear, ear length, 1000 grain weight and biological yield were related to non-control. The highest grain yield, was related to weed control treatments than nicosulforun (2 and 1.5 L.ha) ultima 175 and 150 g/ha) and bromicide (0.5 L.ha plus nicosulforun 1.5 Lha). Grain yield reduction was 45 percent in control treatment compared to control weeds. Reduction of grain yield was also 27 and 37% with 2-4-D and Bromicide respectively, compared to control weeds.   Manuscript profile
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        164 - Mechanical weed control of corn with emphasis on reduced dose of herbicide
        arash roozbehani
        To evaluate the effect of mechanical weed control on yield and yield components of corn (Zea mays L.) with emphasis on reduced dose of herbicide an experiment was conducted as split plot based on Randomized Complete Blocks Design with three replications in 2008 at Agric More
        To evaluate the effect of mechanical weed control on yield and yield components of corn (Zea mays L.) with emphasis on reduced dose of herbicide an experiment was conducted as split plot based on Randomized Complete Blocks Design with three replications in 2008 at Agricultural Research Station in Karaj region. Treatments were; Mechanical weed control (No applying of cultivator or controlled, one time applying of cultivator at 4 week after planting and two times applying of cultivator at 4 and 6 weeks after planting) as the main plot, and combination doses of atrazine and alachlor mixture (0% or  controlled, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%) as the sub plot. The results showed that the effect of all treatments on all traits were significant. Means comparison showed that among different treatment levels; two times applying of cultivator at 4 and 6 weeks after planting and combination doses of atrazine and alachlor’s mixture (75%, and 100%) were superior than the other treatments and cause to decrease weed biomass and to increase yield and yield components of corn.   Manuscript profile
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        165 - Selecting Drought Resistant Sweet Corn Cultivars Based on Germination Percentage and Seedling Proline Content under Osmotic Potentials Stress
        Ali Shahriari Adam B Puteh Ghizan B Saleh Anuar B Abdul Rahim
        Manuscript profile
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        166 - Evaluation of the Effect of Different Levels of Nitrogen Fertilizer and Cultivar on Morphological Traits on Corn Biomass in Isfahan
        MOHAMMAD BAKHSHIAN HOSSEIN HEIDARI SHARIFABAD
        Manuscript profile
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        167 - Influence of Green Manuring From Different Cover Crops and Farm Yard Manures on Quantitative and Qualitative Characteristics of Forage Corn in Low Input Farming
        MOHAMAD HESAM SHAHRAJABIAN ALI SOLEYMANI MEHDI KHOSHKHARAM
        Manuscript profile
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        168 - Identification of Coccinellid and Orius Species in Isfahan Maize Fields
        ALIREZA JALALIZAND AZADEH KARIMI ESMAEIL MAHMOUDI MAHMOUDI
        10.30486/roce.2022.697481
        Manuscript profile
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        169 - Determination of the Benefits of Different Berseem Clover Cultivars and Nitrogen Fertilizer in Forage Corn Intercropping System
        Ali Soleymani
        10.30486/roce.2015.676251
        Manuscript profile
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        170 - Effect of different planting densities on quality and quantity yield of corn forage Hybrides in Ahvaz conditions
        مانی مجدم شقایق رمضانی نازلی دروگر
        Hybrid selection of suitable climatic conditions of each area and determine appropriate plant density are important factors in achieving high performance. An experiment was conducted in 2009 using Factorial arrangement based on Rondomised Compelete Block Design with th More
        Hybrid selection of suitable climatic conditions of each area and determine appropriate plant density are important factors in achieving high performance. An experiment was conducted in 2009 using Factorial arrangement based on Rondomised Compelete Block Design with three replications at Agricultural Research Station of Khuzestan Ahvaz, in order to study of corn densities effect on quantity and qualiy characteristics of forage corn. The experimental factors included three corn densities with row spacing (13,14,16cm) as factor A and three commercial corn hybrid (SC 704, SC 640, SC 500) as factor B. At the time harvest traits (plant height, stem diameter and number of leaves, dry matter yield, leaf dry weight, dry weight, dry weight tassel and ear dry weight per square meter, crude protein, leaf to stem ratio and the ratio of corn to plant ) were measured. The results showed that the effects of density on leaf dry weight, dry weight and leaf to stem ratio was significant. Also different varieties of plant height, leaf number, leaf dry weight, dry weight, dry weight, and the ratio of leaf to stem ratio was significant to plant corn. Interaction between variety and density of plant height and leaf to stem ratio was significant. In this experiment, it seems on rows 14 cm (95 thousand plants per hectare) due to high dry weight and leaf to stem ratio further, row spacing Ahvaz climatic conditions suitable for growing corn. 640 as well as the quantity and prematurity was better than other varieties. Manuscript profile
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        171 - Study of various plant density effects on some phonological traits of five sweet and super sweet corn varieties
        Mozhdeh Afshari Farhad Azizi Alireza Pazoki Noorali Sajedi
        In order to study effect of there plant densities on phonological traits of 5 exotic sweet and super sweet corn varieties, this experiment was carried out in a factorial design based on RCBD with 3 replications. Experiment was done at research field of Seed and Plant Im More
        In order to study effect of there plant densities on phonological traits of 5 exotic sweet and super sweet corn varieties, this experiment was carried out in a factorial design based on RCBD with 3 replications. Experiment was done at research field of Seed and Plant Improvement Institute at Karaj during 2008.  Results showed that, effect of various plant densities have non-significant on days to tassel formation, pollination and ASI, but the studied densities showed some effect on days to silk development, with respect to the experiment results, the increase of plant density from 75000 to 95000 plant/ha, caused the days to silk development to increase too, and varieties which needed more days to silk development, were also late maturing varieties. There was significant difference between the studied values regarding the days to tassel formation, the days to pollination, and the days to silk development which was absent with respect to ASI. The Obsession variety showed the highest number of days to tassel formation, pollention and silk which indicates its late maturing in comparison to other studied varieties. Manuscript profile
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        172 - Effect of sowing date on sweet corn and super sweet corn hybrids in Jiroft, Iran
        Gh. Afsharmanesh
        This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of sowing date on yield and its components of 8 sweet corn hybrids in Jiroft area in 2007 at Agricultural Research Center of Jiroft and Kahnouj, Iran. The design was laid out as a split plot design based on RCBD with More
        This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of sowing date on yield and its components of 8 sweet corn hybrids in Jiroft area in 2007 at Agricultural Research Center of Jiroft and Kahnouj, Iran. The design was laid out as a split plot design based on RCBD with three Replications. The main factor had two levels of sowing date (August 22ed, September 6th) and subplots were 8 hybrids (EXO8716636, Obsession, Harvest Gold, Chase, Temptation, Challenger, Basin and Power House). The result showed that highest economical yield (ear fresh weight at economical harvest) were obtained in August 22ed with 27.54 ton/ha and ear fresh yield was 24.05 ton/ha in September 6. The highest and lowest ear fresh yield were obtained about from cultivar Basin 30.73 ton/ha hybrid temptation 20.42 ton/ha respectively. Maximum ear fresh yield with 32.42 ton/ha and  31.87 ton/ha were obtained from hybrid Basin and Power house in planting date August 22. Finally, sweet corn cultivars, Harvest Gold, Power House and Basin with August 22ed are recommended for the Jiroft region. Manuscript profile
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        173 - Effect of drought stress in different growth stages on yield and yield components of corn hybrid S.C. 704 in different plant density
        A. Jazayeri A. Naderi M. Alavi Fazel M. Gohari
             In order to study of drought stress in different growth stages on yield and yield components of corn hybrid S.C. 704 in different plant density, this research was conducted in Ahvaz, during the summer 2008, in split-plot using RCBD with three re More
             In order to study of drought stress in different growth stages on yield and yield components of corn hybrid S.C. 704 in different plant density, this research was conducted in Ahvaz, during the summer 2008, in split-plot using RCBD with three replications. Water holding were applied in main plot in four levels (water holding at eight leaves stage, twelve leaves stage, tasseling growth stages and optimum irrigation was as the control). Plant density were as three sub plots in three levels (7.5, 8.5, 9.5 plant per square meter). Results showed that grain yield, biological yield and harvest index affected by water holding and plant population. Grain yield and harvest index was more affected in water holding in tasseling stage compare with other treatments. Maximum grain yield (890 gr/m2) was belonged to control water treatment with 75000 plant productions while minimum grain yield was obtained in tasseling stage with production 95000 plants with change in density of 75000 to 95000. Grain yield and harvest index decreased in response to plant population from 75000 to 95000 plants per hectare, while biological yield increased to plant density increment. In interaction treatment S4D2 yielded the highest grain yield (934 gr/m2) while the lowest grain yield was belonged to S3D3 with 152 gr/m2.  Manuscript profile
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        174 - The study assessed effect of irrigation and nutrition management on yield and water productivity of forge and grain maize hybrids (S.c.704) in the north of the country
        R. Rezaei Sokht Abandani M. Rezaei N. Rezaei M. Ebrahimi
        Experimental crop year from 2010-2011 as a split plot in a randomized complete block design with three replications at the Agricultural Research Station, salesperson biokola (Neka) was performed. The main factor for irrigation interval is in four levels of I1, I2, I3 an More
        Experimental crop year from 2010-2011 as a split plot in a randomized complete block design with three replications at the Agricultural Research Station, salesperson biokola (Neka) was performed. The main factor for irrigation interval is in four levels of I1, I2, I3 and I4 (75, 100, 125 and 150mm grouped evaporation from pan evaporation respectively) and nitrogen sub factors are which equal to zero, 200 and 400 urea kg in hectar. Results show that more wet forage performance reached in hectar with 125mm evaporation from pan evaporation in irrigation interval 71230 in hectar, but the most wet forage performance in hectar in gain with 75 and 125mm evaporation from pan evaporation respectively which is equal 19030 and 17810 kg in hectar. Maximum profitability of dry material water usage reached with 125mm irrigation interval in evaporation from evaporation pan is equal to 15.37 kg on mg. Most performance of wet forage reached in wet forage performance according to irrigation + raining under the care of interaction effects in irrigation interval × nitrogen fertilizer for cares with 125mm irrigation interval and 150mm evaporation from evaporation pan with and 184 kg nitrogen usage in hectar which is equal 79200, 13000 kg in hectar and 67.34 and 12.44 percent. Manuscript profile
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        175 - Effect of sowing density and nitrogen rate on weeds biomass and some of agronomic traits of grain corn 640
        M. Soleimani B. Mirshekari
        To study effect of sowing density and nitrogen rate on weeds biomass and some of agronomic traits in grain corn 640 an experiment was conducted in 2013 in research field of Jihad-e- Keshacarzi of Khosroshahr in Nojedeh village in a randomized complete block design with More
        To study effect of sowing density and nitrogen rate on weeds biomass and some of agronomic traits in grain corn 640 an experiment was conducted in 2013 in research field of Jihad-e- Keshacarzi of Khosroshahr in Nojedeh village in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Studied factors in this experiment were crop density (8, 10 and 12 plants per square meter) and nitrogen fertilizer rate (100, 200 and 300 kg ha-1). Results showed that increasing of density resulted in reduction of biomass of weeds to 27.2% and grain weight increasing in square meter (28.2%) and 300 grain weight. Nitrogen increased maize ear and wood diameter. Number of grains in ear row effected by 10 plants and 300 kg nitrogen ha-1 and showed the higher value (14.7%). It can be suggested that increasing corn density and using 300 kg ha-1 nitrogen fertilizer could be a procedure for decreasing reductions resulted from competitive weeds. Manuscript profile
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        176 - Study of priming on the germination traits of corn (K. Sc640)
        reza Rezaei Sokhat Abandani ahmad Mohseni mehdi Ramezani hamid reza Mobassar
         To study of priming effect on characteristics of germination in corn seedling, an experiment was done based on CRD  with three replications in the farm research of Qaemshahr Islamic Azad University in 2010. Treatments were considered as polyethylene glycol (P More
         To study of priming effect on characteristics of germination in corn seedling, an experiment was done based on CRD  with three replications in the farm research of Qaemshahr Islamic Azad University in 2010. Treatments were considered as polyethylene glycol (PEG) with densities 5 and 10 percent, potassium nitrate (KNo3) with densities 1 and 2 percent, potassium chloride (KC1) with densities 2 and 4 percent, water and control (without prime). The results showed that the maximum germination rate for polyethylene glycol prime solution obtained with potassium nitrate with densities 10 and 1 percent and hydro priming (water) and maximum rootlet length and germination average obtained for control and potassium nitrate 1 percent. The maximum length of rootlet to prime obtained with potassium nitrate 1 percent and lowest rootlet length and stems to prime potassium nitrate and potassium chloride with densities 2 and 4 percent. The maximum germination rate index, mean daily germination and mean time to germinate obtained priming with potassium nitrate and potassium chloride with densities 2 and 4 percent and highest dry weight of rootlet to stem obtained priming potassium chloride with 4 percent. The highest wet weight rate of rootlet to stem obtained priming potassium chloride with densities 4 percent and minimum vigor ii index obtained with primed product by potassium nitrate and potassium chloride with densities 2 and 4 percent. Manuscript profile
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        177 - Consideration twin use of Mycorrhiza and Azospirillum to optimizing of fertilizer application in sustainable corn cultivation
        O. Alizadeh A. Alizadeh A. Khaste Khodaee
        This research was done in order to find the symbiotic mycorrhiza funguses and Azospirillum bacteria as biologic fertilizer in different levels of chemical fertilizers phosphor and nitrogen on yield and yield component of corn. Experiments were done in factorial design b More
        This research was done in order to find the symbiotic mycorrhiza funguses and Azospirillum bacteria as biologic fertilizer in different levels of chemical fertilizers phosphor and nitrogen on yield and yield component of corn. Experiments were done in factorial design based on RCBD with three replications when soil control condition. The treatments were selected as using chemical phosphor and nitrogen fertilizer in 3 levels (without nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers), (nitrogen 100 kg/ha and phosphor 50 kg/ha) and (nitrogen 200 kg/ha and phosphor 100 kg/ha). The Azospirillum treatments were settled in 2 levels (The usage and non usage) and Mycorrhiza treatments  in 2 levels (The usage and non usage) .The results showed that yield and yield component of corn was effected by  fertilizers treatment so that  the Azospirillum  can  significantly effect on grain yield and kernel numbers of the corn. It didn’t have any effect on 1000 kernel weight but Mycorrhiza could have a positive effect on grain yield and 1000 kernel weight (sig. 1%). It has no meaningful effect on the kernel number. Results showed that by using average of chemical fertilizers, microorganism activities increases but with increased consumption of chemical fertilizers microorganism activities were faint. In this research any negative affect and Antagonism between microorganism was not observed so that it can be used both microorganism until range of 100 kg/ha nitrogen fertilizer and 50 kg/ha phosphor fertilizer without any effect on each other. Manuscript profile
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        178 - بررسی همزیستی توام قارچ میکوریزای آرباسکولار و باکتری مزوریزوبیوم بر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد کشت مخلوط ذرت و لوبیا چشم بلبلی
        Z. Marzban M. R. Ameryan M. Mamarabadi
                In order to study the effect of mesorhizobium  bacteria and mycorrhizal fungi on the yield and yield components of corn and cow pea under intercropping, experiment was carried out in the research field of Faculty of Agricu More
                In order to study the effect of mesorhizobium  bacteria and mycorrhizal fungi on the yield and yield components of corn and cow pea under intercropping, experiment was carried out in the research field of Faculty of Agriculture, Shahrood University of Technology in the growing season of 2010 using RCBD design and with three replication. Experimental treatments were included in the from of monocropping and intercropping on the basis of additive series, include: zea mayzs (Z), Bean (B), Intercropping (I), Zea mays+ Mycorrhizal (ZM), Bean+ Mycorrhizal (BM), Bean + Mesorhizobuim Bacteria (BB), Bean+ Mycorrhizal + Mesorhizobium Bacteria (BMB), Intercropping + Mycorrhizal (IM), Intercropping +Mesorhizobium Bacteria(IB) Intercropping + Mycorrhizal +Mesorhizobium Bacteria (IMB). The results indicated meaningful difference regarding the characteristics such as bean seed yield, 1000 bean seed weight, and average number of corn seeds in ear, ad well ad corn seed yield and 1000 corn seed weight  under various treatments (P<0.01). However, the results did not indicate statistically meaningful difference concerning characteristics like the number of bean pods, average number of bean seed in pod, and the number of ear per plant under various treatments. Regarding bean seed, maximum yield with average weight of 3053.7 kg per hectare belonged to bean-Mesorhizobium intercropping treatment, and minimum yield with average weight of 1900.5 kg per hectare belonged to bean monocropping treatment .  Similarly, regarding corn seed, Maximum yield with average weight of 5751.9 kg per hectare belonged to corn- Mesorhizobium intercropping teartmeant and minimum yield with average weight of 2695.9 kg per hectare belonged to corn monocropping treatment. LER highest with average 2.89 obtained from treatment intercropping and the least with average 1.87 was obtained in treatment Mesorhizobium intercropping. Manuscript profile
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        179 - Evaluation of effects of different tillage systems, planting row spacing and plant densities on grain yield and yield components of corn
        Masoud Mohseni Mohammad hosein Haddadi
        In order to investigate the effects of tillage systems and plant densities in two plant pattern,  on kernel yield  and its component on corn (Zea mays L.cv.sc704), an experimental design , randomized complete block in a strip factorial was used, treatments arr More
        In order to investigate the effects of tillage systems and plant densities in two plant pattern,  on kernel yield  and its component on corn (Zea mays L.cv.sc704), an experimental design , randomized complete block in a strip factorial was used, treatments arrangement  with four replications in north of Iran in 2010-2011. Main plot was subjected to tillage systems in three levels: 1. Rotary system (RS). 2. Disk system (DS) - 3. Plow and Disck system (PDS). Other factors were plant density in three levels (60000, 70000 and 80000 plant/ha) and plant pattern were conventional row (linear) and new two rows (zigzag). The results indicated that all traits, were not affected by tillage systems ,while the grain yield and 1000 seeds weight, which were affected by plant density showed significant difference. With the increase of density from 60000 to 80000 plants/ha, grain yield and 1000 seeds weight increased, an amount of from 9.09 to 11.14 t/ha and 332.35 to319.52 gr respectively. Grain yield and 1000 seeds weight were not affected by plant pattern . Manuscript profile
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        180 - Effects of different conservative tillage methods and microelements on yield of Zea mays L.
        M. Sharif Mogaddasi S. Azizi
               To evaluate the effect of tillage methods and levels of Fe and Zn as microelements on yield and yield fractions of filed corn single cross 704 cultivar, factorial experiment based on completely randomized design with three replicatio More
               To evaluate the effect of tillage methods and levels of Fe and Zn as microelements on yield and yield fractions of filed corn single cross 704 cultivar, factorial experiment based on completely randomized design with three replications was performed. Experiments were carried out in 2013 in Babolsar in Mazandaran province in Iran. According to the variance analysis results tillage has statistical significant effect (P<0.01) on plant height, stem diameter, leaf length, leaf area index, forage yield and dried forage yield. Fe 30 mg/lit and 40 mg/lit Zn significantly affected the plant height, stem diameter, forage yield and dried forage yield, but did not affected leaf length and leaf area index. The results showed that tillage enhances yield and yield fractions and tillage with disk has highest effect. The highest amount of leaf area index was obtained at disk tillage with different levels of Fe and Zn.     Manuscript profile
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        181 - Project Title: Study of possibility of changing corn planting pattern (by using narrower rows and eliminating some planting furrows) to increase the yield and to decrease water use in Jiroft and Kahnooj
        GH. Afsharmanesh P. Rahbarian S. A. Farshadmehr
        In order to study the possibility of changing corn planting pattern by using narrower rows and eliminating some furrows, an experiment was conducted in the fields of Agriculture Training Center of Shahid Dehghanpur of Jiroft, Iran in 2001 on the basis of a Randomized Co More
        In order to study the possibility of changing corn planting pattern by using narrower rows and eliminating some furrows, an experiment was conducted in the fields of Agriculture Training Center of Shahid Dehghanpur of Jiroft, Iran in 2001 on the basis of a Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. The studied was composed of 18 treatments including inter-row spacing of 35 cm with the densities of 75000, 85000 and 95000 plants.ha-1 (T1, T2 and T3, respectively), inter-row spacing of 35 cm with the elimination of four unplanted furrows with the densities of 75000, 85000 and 95000 plants.ha-1 (T4, T5 and T6, respectively), inter-row spacing of 75 cm with the densities of 75000, 85000 and 95000 plants.ha-1 (T7, T8 and T9, respectively), inter-row spacing of 75 cm with the elimination of one planting row with the density of 75000, the elimination of two unplanted rows with the density of 85000 and the elimination of two unplanted rows with the density of 95000 plants.ha-1 (T10, T11 and T12, respectively), inter-row spacing of 55 cm with the densities of 75000, 85000 and 95000 plants.ha-1 (T13, T14 and T15, respectively) and inter-row spacing of 55 cm with three unplanted rows and the densities of 75000, 85000 and 95000 plants.ha-1 (T16, T17 and T18, respectively). Measured traits included grain yield, row number per ear, grain number per row, 1000-grain weight, grain ratio to total, plant height, biomass, mean ear weight and harvest index.  Results showed that the effect of treatments was significant on grain yield, 1000-grain weight, plant height and biomass at 5% statistical level and on grain number per row, ear length and mean ear weight at 1% probability level. But, their effect was not significant on other traits. The highest grain yields were obtained from treatments T1, T12, T5, T7, T4 and T14 which resulted in the production of 17.51, 16.81, 15.99, 15.66, 15.26 and 15.25 t grains per hectare, respectively. Finally, treatments T12, T4 and T5 can be recommended for studied region given the results of all measurements and the decrease in applied water level (lower area of land was irrigated). Manuscript profile
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        182 - Effect of different planting densities on quality and quantity yield of corn forage Hybrides in Ahvaz conditions
        M. Mojaddam Sh. Ramezani N. Derogar
        Hybrid selection of suitable climatic conditions of each area and determine appropriate plant density are important factors in achieving high performance. An experiment was conducted in 2009  using Factorial arrangement based on Rondomised Compelete Block Design wi More
        Hybrid selection of suitable climatic conditions of each area and determine appropriate plant density are important factors in achieving high performance. An experiment was conducted in 2009  using Factorial arrangement based on Rondomised Compelete Block Design with three replications at Agricultural Research Station of Khuzestan Ahvaz, in order to study of corn densities effect on quantity and qualiy characteristics of forage corn. The experimental factors included  three corn densities with row spacing (13,14,16cm) as factor A and three commercial corn hybrid (SC 704, SC 640, SC 500) as factor B. At the time harvest traits (plant height, stem diameter and number of leaves, dry matter yield, leaf dry weight, dry weight, dry weight tassel and ear dry weight per square meter, crude protein, leaf to stem ratio and the ratio of corn to plant ) were measured. The results showed that the effects of density on leaf dry weight, dry weight and leaf to stem ratio was significant. Also different varieties of plant height, leaf number, leaf dry weight, dry weight, dry weight, and the ratio of leaf to stem ratio was significant to plant corn. Interaction between variety and density of plant height and leaf to stem ratio was significant. In this experiment, it seems on rows 14 cm (95 thousand plants per hectare) due to high dry weight and leaf to stem ratio further, row spacing Ahvaz climatic conditions suitable for growing corn. 640 as well as the quantity and prematurity was better than other varieties. Manuscript profile
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        183 - Effect of source restriction on yield and physiological indexes of corn (Zea mays L.) hybrid KSC704 in water deficit stress
        Meysam Oveisi Mohamad javad Mirhadi Hamid Madani GHorban Noormohammadi Reza Zarghami
               The effect of source restriction on yield and physiological indexesof corn was studied in Varamin, Iran, during 2007-2008 and 2008-2009 growing seasons. The experiment was carried out in a complete randomized block design with split More
               The effect of source restriction on yield and physiological indexesof corn was studied in Varamin, Iran, during 2007-2008 and 2008-2009 growing seasons. The experiment was carried out in a complete randomized block design with split plot arrangement. The irrigation regimes were allotted to main plots. The intensity and time of defoliation combination were allotted to sub plots. In moderate irrigation plots, the irrigation was done when the soil water content reached to 75% of available water content. In under stress plots, two short periods of water-holding were applied at V8 and tasseling growth stages. Defoliation treatments were consisted of: Control, cutting 1:3 of leaves at V8, cutting of 2:3 of leaves at V8, Cutting 1:3 of leaves at tasseling and cutting 2:3 of leaves at tasseling. This result showed that remobilization efficiency of stem reserves for grain yield is mostly related to sink capacity than source strength. Under moderate irrigation, later or more intensity defoliation decreased the RGR. While under drought stress, cutting the 2/3 of leaves did not decrease the relative growth rate. The improved NAR due to defoliation caused to compensate the decreased leaf area. So, late and more intensity defoliation could not decrease the CGR. The grain yield of 8.9 t ha-1 was attained by moderate irrigation which was a results of 16.4% and 27.3% greater biomass and harvest index compared to the water stress conditions. This indicates that pot-anthesis water deficiency decreased the sink capacity more than source strength. The results showed that under water deficiency and source strength restriction, the stem reserves play an important role in grains filling process. But under high soil water supply, these reserves will be needed when the source strength is limited after flowering stage. Under moderate irrigation, there were not significant differences among defoliation treatment for remobilization efficiency of reserves from stem to grains.   Manuscript profile
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        184 - Effects of irrigation interval and nitrogen degree on dry mater yield and water usage efficiency of corn in Mazandaran province
        R. Rezaei Sokht Abandani A. Charati Araei D. Akbari Nodehi H. Mobasser M. Ramezani
             In order to study irrigation interval effects and various using Nitrogen on yield of corn (K.Sc 704) was accomplished during 2008-2009. The experiment was carried on as split plot based on RCBD with 3 replications in Bayekola research farm of ag More
             In order to study irrigation interval effects and various using Nitrogen on yield of corn (K.Sc 704) was accomplished during 2008-2009. The experiment was carried on as split plot based on RCBD with 3 replications in Bayekola research farm of agricultural research campus in Neka in Mazandaran province. Traits were selected as irrigation interval are in four levels (I1, I2, I3  and I4 respectively as 75, 100, 125 and 150 mm accumulation evaporation of evaporation pan A class) as maim plot and three levels of Nitrogen (0, 92 and 184 kg Nitrogen that respectively substitute zero ,200 and 400 kg urea in hectare) as sub plots. Results showed that minimum of dry mater weight and yield was related to 150 mm evaporation of evaporation pan A class. The maximum forage yield and water usage efficiency obtained in I3. Bush height, dry weight in square meter, corn length, wet forage weight in hectare, efficiency of water usage, efficiency of dry material water usage, percent of water than dry weight and efficiency of water usage was largest 184 kgN/ha and lowest degree was gained under treatment without usage of called characteristics Nitrogen. Maximal of water percent than dry weight, efficiency of dry material water and maximal of water usage biological efficiency according to production of evaporation pan Aclass was gained with usage of 184 kgN/ha, maximal efficiency of water usage with 150 mm evaporation of evaporation pan a class was gained with usage 184 kgN/ha. Manuscript profile
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        185 - Effect of nitroxin, nitrogen and manure application on yield, nitrogen use efficiency and Some crop characteristics in sweet corn
        M. Sharifi M. Mirzakhani N. A. Sajedi
              In order to effect nitroxin levels of nitrogen and manure application on nitrogen use efficiency and some quantitative traits in sweet corn varieties as Chase factorial experimental design based on randomized complete block with three repl More
              In order to effect nitroxin levels of nitrogen and manure application on nitrogen use efficiency and some quantitative traits in sweet corn varieties as Chase factorial experimental design based on randomized complete block with three replications in agricultural research farm in 2010, Islamic Azad University Arak was performed. Factors studied include two levels nitroxin inoculated and non inoculated with the seed, pure nitrogen at three levels 0, 50 and 100 kg ha-1 and manure at three levels 10, 20 and 30 tons ha-1 were. The results showed nitroxin on the characteristics of grain per ear, ear away from the field level, cob weight, grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency had the effect, so that the increase of grain per ear, cob weight, grain yield per hectare and nitrogen use efficiency was. Animal manure also on the characteristics of grain per ear, ear away from the field level, ear leaf area, grain hectolitre weight, grain yield per hectare and nitrogen use efficiency had the effect, so that reduces the nitrogen use efficiency and grain per ear was. Nitrogen effects on grain protein, cob weight, ear leaf area, grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency was significantly increased grain protein and grain yield per hectare was. Excess nitrogen and manure significantly reduced nitrogen use efficiency was also inoculated seed nitroxin positive effect on nitrogen use efficiency found. Manuscript profile
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        186 - Effect of the plant density and sowing date on kernel yield in early maturing maize
        Mohammad Hoseyn Haddadi M. Mohseni
        In order to determine the best planting  dates and plant densities of corn for kernelyield, two early and very early maturity corn cultivars (SC 108 and SC301) wereplanted separately on three planting dates ( 22 Jun ,1 Jul and11Jul ) for twoyears ( 2009 – 201 More
        In order to determine the best planting  dates and plant densities of corn for kernelyield, two early and very early maturity corn cultivars (SC 108 and SC301) wereplanted separately on three planting dates ( 22 Jun ,1 Jul and11Jul ) for twoyears ( 2009 – 2010) . Plant densities were 75000 , 85000 , 95000 and 105000plants per hectar. A split plot design with three replications was used .Sowing dates and plant densities were alocated to main plots and sub plots, respectively.  Two experimentswere done in two locations , Qaemshahr (Qarakhyle )  and Neka  (Bayekola) , and  with two cultivars ( SC 301 and SC108 ) .Kernel yield for each plot and each treatment were evaluated. The best plantingdate and plant density were determined for two years . In Bayekola location ,for SC301 cultivar , the best density was 75000 plants per hectare with kernelaverage yield of 8.1 t/ha . For SC 108 cultivar , highest kernel yield was 7.3t/ha with 85000 plants per hectare . In Qarakhyle , for SC301 cultivar , thebest density was 75000 plants per hectar with kernel average yield of 7.7 t/ha. In this location , for SC108 the highest kernel yield was 7.2 t/ha and thebest density was 85000 plants per hectar.In general, planting date and plantdensity affected on 1000 kernel weight Result showed that SC301 had higheryield than SC108 after wheat harvest Manuscript profile
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        187 - Sweet corn hybrids, weed management and plant density effects on sweet corn yield and yield components in Hormozghan, Iran
        H. R. Farhadi Afshar H. Madani M. H. Shirzadi E. Najafi
        In order to determine of important agronomic characteristics of sweet corn hybrids and weed or without weed competition under different plant density at Iranian warm environment this experiment was conducted on 2006 at the HajiAbad plant research center, Hormozgan, Iran More
        In order to determine of important agronomic characteristics of sweet corn hybrids and weed or without weed competition under different plant density at Iranian warm environment this experiment was conducted on 2006 at the HajiAbad plant research center, Hormozgan, Iran. The experiments were perform in a split split plot in contract to RCBD for 2 sweet corn (KSc.403 and Shimmer hybrids) as a main plots and weed control and non weed control on sub plots and three plant density 53,67 and 89 thousand plant per hectare as a sub sub plots with 4 replications. The results showed that the difference of 2 hybrids about seed yields, number of seed per row and number of row per ear were significant.  Then, weed control could increase the seed yield near 7.8%. Maximum yield of seed corn was about 9700 kg/ha for Shimmer hybrid at 89000 plant density per hectare under full weeds control condition. Finally the Shimmer hybrid of sweet corn showed better studied characteristics in compare to KSc.403, and Shimmer could produce the highest seed yield by increase the plant density from 53000 to 89000 too, but under weed control. Manuscript profile
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        188 - Effect of cycocel and Zinc Foliar Application on protein content and important elements and water use efficiency on Corn under water defcit condition
        ehsan Abbaspour Jafar Masoud Sinaki Zarin taj Alipour Sakine Saeedi Sar
                To study the effect of water stress and the application of growth regulator (cycocel ) and Zinc spray on the protein rate, the major elements and some physical characteristics in corn (hybrid Ns540) .A split-split plot experime More
                To study the effect of water stress and the application of growth regulator (cycocel ) and Zinc spray on the protein rate, the major elements and some physical characteristics in corn (hybrid Ns540) .A split-split plot experimental with three replications in a randomized complete block design in Semnan Agricultural Research Station in 2010 in was run. The main factor included three levels of irrigation (irrigation complete, disconnect the water at 71 BBCH and 61 BBCH) in main plots and taking cycocel three levels (without taking cycocel consumption cycocel 1500, and 3000 parts per million) in the subplots and spraying zinc sulfate in three levels (no foliar applications, foliar applications of zinc sulfate at 3 and 5kg per thousands) as the subplots - are considered minor. Analysis of variance showed that the impact of cut irrigation on protein content, major elements such as phosphorus, potash, zinc, copper and iron, and water use efficiency is significantly. With the increased tension of the grain protein content and concentration of phosphorus, potash, zinc, iron and copper were reduced and increased water use efficiency. That results showed, taking cycocel, potash and phosphor decreased and other indicators increased. Zinc  spraying the exception of the iron (Fe) increase in other indicators. the Correlation between Important elements and components of protein content and water use efficiency showed that Positive and significant correlation between water use efficiency and a high copper content of 0.474 percent is established And grain protein correlated with leaf phosphorus content of 0.522 percent. The findings can be to corn-growing of Semnan and similar region drought conditions that prohibit the use of certain materials and components that manufacturers offer to achieve good economic performance and quality.   Manuscript profile
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        189 - Nano fe fertilizer dose and density effects on popcorn (ksc 604 p.c.) yield components
        B. Peykarestan
        This research was conducted to determine the effects of Fe ferilizer application rates and density on grain yield and yield-related plant characteristics of popcorn in Arak, located at central part region of IRAN during 2011. The experiment was designed in a randomized More
        This research was conducted to determine the effects of Fe ferilizer application rates and density on grain yield and yield-related plant characteristics of popcorn in Arak, located at central part region of IRAN during 2011. The experiment was designed in a randomized complete block design with a split-plot arrangement with three replications. Fe doses of 0, 0.5, 1 and 2 mg 1000-1 were arranged in the main plots and density  6, 7.4, 8.8 and 10.2  plants m2 were considered as sub-plots.. Among the physiological parameters and analysis of net absorption was less affected by fe fertilizer. Absorption curve analysis showed a net decline during the growing season. The results showed that with increasing density, leaf area index, LAI durability and increased plant growth. The increased density reduces absorption was purified and analyzed. Increasing LAI increased light absorption in fieldIncrease photosynthetic capacity of plants that will eventually lead to increased performance. Much of the growth rate of density increase was related to increased leaf area index. Manuscript profile
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        190 - Investigating of boron and zinc compound application on corn seed set in Mazandaran environment, Iran
        M. Mohseni M. H. Haddadi R. Valiolahpor
        In some corn fields, in different parts of Iran, the phenomenon of partly grain free ear is observed. This phenomenon can severely decreases corn yield. Although most researchers, mention that this phenomenon is the result of moisture and heat stresses at the time of po More
        In some corn fields, in different parts of Iran, the phenomenon of partly grain free ear is observed. This phenomenon can severely decreases corn yield. Although most researchers, mention that this phenomenon is the result of moisture and heat stresses at the time of pollination, but some other researches believed that it is due to the nutritional factors, especially Boron and Zinc nutritional elements. In order to examine the effect of zinc and boron application on corn grain production, an experiment was conducted at Gharakhil Agricultural research station in Ghaemshahr during the 2003-2006. The experiment was factorial and conducted in the field as a Randomized Complete Block Design, with 20 treatments, and 3 replications. The treatments were composed of five level of zinc (O, 8, 16 and 24 kg.ha-1 in soil and foliar application of ZnSO4 with 0.5 percent concentration) and four levels of Boron (0, 20 and 40 kg.ha-1 of boric acid in soil and foliar application of boric acid with 0.3 percent concentration), and finally their means were compared. The result from Mazandaran experiment, showed that application of Zinc caused a significant increased in grain yield ( = 5%), but application of Boron individually or Zinc in combination with Boron, had not significant effect on grain yield. The maximum grain yield (10380 kg.ha-1) was obtained due to application of 120 kg. ha-1 ZnS04 and 40 kg. ha-1 Boric Acid, which produced more yield (1415 kg. ha-1). The application of Zinc individually had only a significant effect on the length of corn ear and plant height, but application of Zn + Born had significant effect on length and diameter of corn ear percent of partly grain free and their effect on other studied parameters were not significant. Manuscript profile
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        191 - Comparison between grain yield and yield components of sweet corn hybrids at different sowing dates in Arak environment
        Hamid Madani Marzieh GHasemi
        The present research was conducted in order to investigate and compare the yield and yield components of hybrid cultivars of sweet corn in different sowing dates as split plot with 4 replications in complete random blocks at Islamic Azad University, Arak branch, in 2008 More
        The present research was conducted in order to investigate and compare the yield and yield components of hybrid cultivars of sweet corn in different sowing dates as split plot with 4 replications in complete random blocks at Islamic Azad University, Arak branch, in 2008. The treatments include date of sowing as main factor (09 June 2008, 20 June 2008 and 01 July 2008) and the cultivar as the subsidiary factor (Merit, Chase, Ksc.404, Ksc.403). The results indicate that sowing date has affected on grain yield, plant height, grain number in row, 1000 grain seeds and biologic yield; and the differences were statistically significant. The studies reveal that the effect of sowing date and cultivar on number of rows in was not statistically significant and it was not affected by sowing date and cultivar. In addition, among the studied cultivars, the cultivar Ksc.404 showed more privileges compared to the other studied cultivars such that in the matters of height, grain yield, grain number in row, 1000 grain weight and the biologic yield, the highest specifications were attributed to it and grain yield in maize harvested in the stage equivalent cultivar KSC.404 by 4.76 t/h and 1000 grain weight by 190.8 gr compared to the other were higher than other cultivars which has been studied. The results of this experience show that the date of sowing on 09 June, 2008 and the cultivar Ksc.404 were the most suitable sowing date and cultivar, respectively, according to this region's climate.     Manuscript profile
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        192 - Determining of Suitable sowing Date for Different Corn hybrids in Rice Rotation system
        M. Ansarinia H. Mobaser Gh. Nour Mohammadi B. Delkhosh
                   This experiment has been conducted at Mazandaran Agricultural Research center based in Gharakheil in Ghaemshahr in the crop year 1389 as complete blocks located in 4 replications. Sowing  dates at 4 level More
                   This experiment has been conducted at Mazandaran Agricultural Research center based in Gharakheil in Ghaemshahr in the crop year 1389 as complete blocks located in 4 replications. Sowing  dates at 4 levels 24 July, 2 , 12 , 23 th August were the major factor and 3 corn hybrids pre maturing S.C540,mide maturing  S.C647 & Late maturing S.C704 were the sub- factors. Maximum forage yield was obtained for sowing  dates  24  July & 2 August to scales 43.3 & 41.82 ton/hec respectively and by delaying the plantation due to stem wet weight to scales 52.8%, corn until 39.1% leaves wet weight until 52.0% & corn diameter until 27.9%  the yield of wet forage decreased to 47.2%.The corn length increased 12.7% due to delay cropping. Maximum wet  forage  yield was obtained  for  pre maturing hybrid 38.24 ton / h and the minimum was obtained for mid maturing hybrid with 31.41 ton/ h.The maximum Protein% of forage was obtained for sowing date of 2th August with  6.762% and the minimum % for  sowing date of 24th July to scales 4.037%.The intraction effects of  hybrid and sowing date just had significant effect  on  the corn Length & diameter. For summery sowing of Silo corn in gharakheil in ghaemshahr region, pre maturing hybrid S.C540 by  sowing on 24 July is suggestioned. Manuscript profile
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        193 - Investigation of irrigation management and manure use for increasing water use efficiency in corn (SC 704)
        R. Hassanzadeh S. Chavoshi H. Madani A. Asgari
             In order to investigate of manure consumption on used efficiency in corn (SC704) an experiment was conducted in agricultural researches center of Hajiabad in Hormozgan. The experimental design was CRBD with four replications. Main plots were con More
             In order to investigate of manure consumption on used efficiency in corn (SC704) an experiment was conducted in agricultural researches center of Hajiabad in Hormozgan. The experimental design was CRBD with four replications. Main plots were considered as four irrigation methods (irrigation of one side of hills to full growth, one side of hills Till steming and then from Two sides, one side of hills Till flowering then from Two sides irrigation) and four amounts of manure (0, 10, 20 and 30 ton/ha) were considered as subplots. Results showded that irrigation method and using manure have significant effects on water used efficiency, yield, 1000 cernel weight, biomass, number of grain per row and stem diameter (p<0.01). Maximum grain yield was related to Two side irrigation by 10070 kg/ha when 30 ton/ha manure. Also Maximum dry matter was related to notice trait. Manuscript profile
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        194 - The effects of tillage system and plant density on yield and yield components of corn (Zea mays L.) varieties in north of Iran
        Azam Partokazemi Babak Delkhoosh Msoud Mohseni
        In order to investigate the effect of tillage system and plant density on grain yield component in three varieties of corn, an experimental design was a split factorial based on RCBD treatments arrangement with four replication in north of Iran in 2009. Tillage system w More
        In order to investigate the effect of tillage system and plant density on grain yield component in three varieties of corn, an experimental design was a split factorial based on RCBD treatments arrangement with four replication in north of Iran in 2009. Tillage system was selected as the main plot in three levels, conventional tillage (CT), minimum tillage (MT) and no tillage (NT). Other factors were plant density in three levels (65, 75and 85 plant/ha) and three varieties of corn (L.cv.sc 500, L.cv.sc 540 and L.cv.dc 370). The results indicated that different tillage systems on root dry weight at harvest, seed length were significant (p<0.05)  but plant density on number grain in row, root dry weight, stem diameter, grain yield in the 1% level were significant (p<0.01). Also plant density on high plant was significant (p<0.05). Effect of varieties on grain yield was significant (p<0.05). Maximum grain yield 6.41 t/ha in SC540 and at least grain yield 3.53 t/ha in DC 370 were obtained.   Manuscript profile
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        195 - Effects of nitrogen fertilizers and manure (Farm Yard Manure) on grain yield and yield components
        S. A. Vajedi Roshan E. Rahimi Petroudi G. Mirzaie H. Mobasser
        In order to study the effect of nitrogen fertilizers and manure on grain yield and yield components, a field experiment was conducted in the Agriculture Research Field, Babolsar, Iran, in 2012 crop season. This experiment was carried out with two factors, in a split plo More
        In order to study the effect of nitrogen fertilizers and manure on grain yield and yield components, a field experiment was conducted in the Agriculture Research Field, Babolsar, Iran, in 2012 crop season. This experiment was carried out with two factors, in a split plot arrangements using Randomized Complete Blocks Design (RCBD) with 3 replications. Manure (Cow) fertilizer (10, 20, 30 t/ha) were assigned to main plots and Nitrogen fertilizer (0, 50, 100, 150 kg/ha) were randomized in sub plots. The results indicated that the use of nitrogen fertilizer on traits such as plant height, cob diameter, number of grains per ear, grain yield, 1000- grain weight and biological yield was significance at 5% level. The highest and lowest grain yield was obtained from 150 kg N/ha and without application of nitrogen respectively. The different amounts of nitrogen fertilizer on traits such as ear length, number of rows per ear, cob length and harvest index were not significant. Manure application had not significant effect on any traits, except number of grains per ear,1000- grain weight and harvest index. Manure treatments were not significant due to de composition gradually and therefore can not release enough nutrients, especially nitrogen. The manure should be added to the soil for several consecutive years to show its effect on soil and plants. The interaction of nitrogen fertilizer and manure on ear diameter and biological yield at 5%level should significant effect. The highest grain yield was produced from 30 ton/ha farm yard manure (FYM) +100kg N/ha treatments. Manuscript profile
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        196 - Effect of distances between row, density and cultivation pattern on 704 single crass forage corns with summery dilatory cultivation after harvest rice
        M. Ramezani H. Mobaseer M. Mohseni R. Rezaei Sokhtabbandani
        This research was done in order to consider the effects of distances between row, density and cultivation pattern of 704 single crass forage corn (K. Sc 704) which was accomplished with summery dilatory cultivation after harvesting of rice. It was done at Gharakhil rese More
        This research was done in order to consider the effects of distances between row, density and cultivation pattern of 704 single crass forage corn (K. Sc 704) which was accomplished with summery dilatory cultivation after harvesting of rice. It was done at Gharakhil research center of Ghaemshahr in 2008.The experiment design was selected as factorial based or RCBD with four replications. Treatments were selected as distances between rows (65, 75, 88 cm), two cultivation pattern (single linear row and two zigzag row) and two cultivation density level 70000 and 80000 bush in hectare. Results showed that distances between rows influenced only on wet forage yield, as wet forage yield in 65 cm distance between rows with 25.38% rate was gained more than 85 cm distance between rows. The yield of wet forage in two zigzag row cultivation patterns was %7 rates more than single row cultivation. Corn diameter and single bush dry weight in 70000 bush density in hectare was more than 80000 bushes in hectare. Stem diameter and wet forage yield in two rows cultivation were more than single linear row cultivation. Maximal of stem wet weight rate to all in 70000 bush density in hectare were gained in two zigzag row cultivation. The largest corn length was gained in 65 cm distance between row and two zigzag row cultivation. Maximal of wet forage yield was gained in 65 cm distance between rows with 80000 bush density in hectare. Manuscript profile
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        197 - Effect of different levels of irrigation on yield and yield components of Maize (Zea mays L.)
        L. Sadeghi H. Madani M. Rafiee
        The effects of different irrigation regimes and verities on yield and yield components of four corn verities were studied (2004-2005). In this case an experiment was carried out in research farm of Sarab-e-Changaee related to agricultural research center of Lorestan. A More
        The effects of different irrigation regimes and verities on yield and yield components of four corn verities were studied (2004-2005). In this case an experiment was carried out in research farm of Sarab-e-Changaee related to agricultural research center of Lorestan. A split plot based on RBCD with 4 replications was used. Treatments were 3 indexes of irrigation and assigned as main plots (irrigation after 75, 100 and 120mm from class A pan) and four hybrid varieties 500, 647, 700, 704 were assigned as sub plot. Results showed that among irrigation regimes treatments of irrigation after 75 and 120 mm had highest and lowest grain yield respectively. In this way yield reduction had caused by reducing in number of row per ear and seed per row. Also the sensibility of seed yield against drought stress was more than biological yield. This fact was confirmed by harvest index. Comparison of results shows that in late mature variety the growth and yield were increased. Manuscript profile
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        198 - Effect of foliar applications of silicon and plant density on agronomic traits in corn hybrids Delayed planting of the summer
        J. Mahmudi H. Mobaser S. A. A. Musavi Mirkalaei
        To investigate the effect of spray silicon and plant density on agronomic traits of two corn hybrids in late summer planted (27 August) Research Station Branch, Islamic Azad University, conducted an experiment in 2010 as a split-split plots in randomized complete block More
        To investigate the effect of spray silicon and plant density on agronomic traits of two corn hybrids in late summer planted (27 August) Research Station Branch, Islamic Azad University, conducted an experiment in 2010 as a split-split plots in randomized complete block design with three replications was conducted. Two levels of silicon (sprayed and non-consumer) as the main factor and two maize hybrids (SC704 and SC640) as sub-factor and four planting densities (80,706,090 thousand plants per hectare) as minor factors were investigated. The effect of silicon was sprayed only on the number of seeds in rows in the 5% level of significance. Yield per unit area for hybrids SC640 was (20.3 percent) higher than the hybrid SC704, because the single cross hybrid seed weight greater than SC640 (20.8 percent). Harvest index and grain weight per ear for more than SC640 hybrids, SC704 were hybrids. Number of grains per row and ear to the ground and the number of days from sowing to maturity for the hybrid of SC704 more than hybrids SC640 was calculated. Number of grains per row, ear length, grain yield and planting density increased to 90 thousand plants per hectare Single plant decreasing trend of yield per unit area, but 9.2 percent was higher. Maximum yield per unit area of ​​interaction between silicon and planting density for density and 80 thousand plants per hectare was obtained with foliar applications of silicon. In general, corn planted in late summer for the West region of Mazandaran, single cross hybrid 640 with a density of 90 thousand plants per hectare is recommended. Manuscript profile
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        199 - Effect of fertilizers application and plant growth promoting rhizobacteria on Forage yield in maize (Zea mays L.)
        A. Boroumand N. Sajedi M. Changizi
        In order to study the effect of organic food systems, fusion, increased chemical and bacteria growth (PGPR), on the growth stages of corn silage single cras 704 in order to reduce consumption of chemical fertilizers, improve soil and plant nutrition improvement, in the More
        In order to study the effect of organic food systems, fusion, increased chemical and bacteria growth (PGPR), on the growth stages of corn silage single cras 704 in order to reduce consumption of chemical fertilizers, improve soil and plant nutrition improvement, in the year 2010 Farm Research, Islamic Azad University of Arak as factorial experimental design based on randomized complete block with three replications was performed. To test treatments, inoculated seeds by stimulating the growth of bacteria in four levels, B0= rhizobiom, azsprliom, Azotobacter and Pseudomonas, B1=rhizobiom, azsprliom and Pseudomonas, B2= rhizobiom, Azotobacter and Pseudomonas, B3= azsprliom, Azotobacter and Pseudomonas and use of nitrogen fertilizers,nitrogen, phosphorus and potasiom four levels, A0= no consumption, A1= 1/3 the recommended amount, A2=2/3 the recommended amount, A3 = 100 % of the recommended amount, were applied. The results showed that chemical fertilizer on the characteristics such as plant height,  number of leaf, number of grain rows,  number of grain per ear and forage yield level was statistically significant in a percentage. Also, different levels of biological fertilizers on the characteristics such as: ear leaf length, number of seeds per row, plant height and forage yield made a positive impact on the statistical level was a significant percentage. Manuscript profile
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        200 - Comparing effect of different nitrogen recourses on maize eco-morphologic characteristics under drought stress
        M. Kavand H. Madani A. Dadian
        In order to study of effects chemical and biologic fertilizers and their interaction on physiological characteristics, yield and yield component corn forage under drought stress. An experiment was conducted in 2011 growing season at personal farm. An experiment was cond More
        In order to study of effects chemical and biologic fertilizers and their interaction on physiological characteristics, yield and yield component corn forage under drought stress. An experiment was conducted in 2011 growing season at personal farm. An experiment was conducted split factorial based on randomized complete design with three replications. Sub factors experiment include nitrogen fertilizer was three levels zero , 125 , and 250 kg urea fertilizer in four stage from leaves six until after the stage pollination and three levels biologic fertilizers nitroxin include zero ,0 /5 and 1 lit per each 25 kg seed was the seed  inoculation . Main factor include drought stress with tow stage irrigation 7 days (non-stress) and irrigation 10 days (drought stress) were in main plot. Traits measurement were according to ear height, ear diameter, ear length, row number in ear, kernel number in row, kernel number in ear and forage yield. Results showed employ urea and nitroxin on yield was better than none treated. Also complete irrigation than the drought stress was significant on yield. Highest and lowest yield forage obtained respectively in treatment integrated 125 kg urea fertilizer, 1 lit nitroxin in complete irrigation the mean 110/9 t/ha and in treatment none use of urea and nitroxin and drought stress the mean 59/1 t/ha. In general treatment integrated 125 kg urea fertilizer and 1 lit nitroxin in complete irrigation was better than other treatment. Manuscript profile
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        201 - Nitrogen and phosphorous use optimization in corn production with mycorrhiza and vermicompost utilization
        O. Alizadeh A. Alizadeh L. Ariana
        This research was don to investigate the effect of mycorrhiza and vermicompost as the biological fertilizers to compare with chemical fertilizer phosphorous and nitrogen on yield and yield component of corn. It was based on factorial in a RCBD with 3 replications when s More
        This research was don to investigate the effect of mycorrhiza and vermicompost as the biological fertilizers to compare with chemical fertilizer phosphorous and nitrogen on yield and yield component of corn. It was based on factorial in a RCBD with 3 replications when soil control condition was some in 2010. Treatment were considered as using chemical fertilizer (F) in three levels of fertilizer's sources, urea, triple super phosphate and potassium include: F0 (N=0, P=0, K=0), F1 (N=70, P=50, K=30) and F2 (N=150, P=100 and K=50) kg/ha, vermicompost treatment in two levels (using V1 and non-using V0) and mycorrhiza treatment in two levels (using M1 and non-using M0) (population 105 g/spore). Results of variance analysis showed there was significant different between different levels’ interaction of vermicompost, chemical fertilizer and mycorrhiza on grain yield p=1% and there isn’t any significant difference between the kernel number and 1000 kernel weight. Comparing the average of interaction of vermicompost, mycorrhiza and chemical fertilizer showed significant difference on grain yield, that treatment V1F0M1 and V1F1M1 with averages 119.33 and 113.00 g/pot have higher amount of grain yield than teratmentV1F2M1 with average 106.33 g/plant, and treatment V1F0M0 with average 87.00 g/plant has lowest amount of grain yield. Comparing the average of vermicompost interaction, fertilizer’s level and myeorrhiza showed significant difference on the 1000 kernel weight and treatment V1F0M1 with average 168.33 g has highest weight of 1000 kernel weight and treatment V1F1M1 with average 134.67 g has lowest weight of 1000 grains. Use of mycorrhiza and vermicompost in low levels of chemical fertilizer could cause increase of yield and grain yield component but in high levels of chemical fertilizer their activity became hampered. Manuscript profile
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        202 - Survey of effect herbicides application post emergency and Weeding on agronomical characteristics corn and weeds control in Zea mays
        F. Rastgordani, N. Sajedi
        Survey effects of  new herbicides on control of weed and  ear characteristics  of  maize, an experimental was carried out  as complete randomized block design with three replications in the research station of Islamic Azad University- Arak Branc More
        Survey effects of  new herbicides on control of weed and  ear characteristics  of  maize, an experimental was carried out  as complete randomized block design with three replications in the research station of Islamic Azad University- Arak Branch, Iran in 2012. Three different herbicides were applied after maize emergence, namely Nicosolfuron, Rimsolfuron  and (Rimsolfuron +Nicosolfuron) With treatment weeding in compared to twice Weeding and Weedy checktreatment in the maize variety Sc-704. Results showed that  application of  Rimsolfuron +Nicosolfuronat+ Weeding decreased weeds dry weight as compared to Weedy checktreatment by 88.96%.  Application of  Nicosolfuron at rate of 2 liter per ha-1  decrease weeds dry weight as compared to Weedy checktreatment by 37.22%  that  between  herbicide treatments had least effects. The maximum of grain yield equal 4514 kg/ hawas obtained from Rimsolfuron +Nicosolfuronat + Weeding.   Manuscript profile
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        203 - Evaluation of effects mycorrhiza inoculate in different levels of irrigation and nitrogen on morphological and physiological traits of corn
        O. Alizade E. Majidi H. Nadian Gh. Noormohamadi M. R. Amerian
        In order to investigation the effects of mycorrhiza inoculation in different  levels of irrigation and nitrogen on morphological and physiological traits of corn variety ksc 704 an experiment was carried out on factorial based on RCBD whit 3 replications. Experimen More
        In order to investigation the effects of mycorrhiza inoculation in different  levels of irrigation and nitrogen on morphological and physiological traits of corn variety ksc 704 an experiment was carried out on factorial based on RCBD whit 3 replications. Experiments were done in research and education station of Islamic Azad University of Firouzabad branch in 2004. Results showed that simple effects of nitrogen, mycorrhiza, irrigation levels and interaction effect of mycorrhiza and irrigation levels and nitrogen on patterns such as plant height, shoot dry matter, root dry matter, leaf area and root length were significant. When mycorrhiza rose it caused increase of shoot and root dry matter and root/shoot ratio nitrogen fertilizer addition, increased shoot dry matter and root length of corn but also root dry matter was reduced by adding nitrogen. Root/shoot ratio and root length and percent of root colonization effected due to different levels of irrigation, in this case with increase of drought stress intensity, root length and percent of root colonization was decreased but ratio of root/shoot increased. Generally, the mycorrhiza growth response with drought stress intensity and root/shoot in mycorrhiza treatment toward check in drought stress were increased. Manuscript profile
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        204 - Response of quantity and quality traits of forage maize to macroelements and zinc in the current agricultural and ecological systems
        P. Moradi N. A. Sajedi M. Gomarian
        In order to evaluate response of quantity and quality traits of forage maize to macroelements and zinc in the common agricultural and ecological systems, an experimental carried out as split plot design a randomized complete block with four replications in the village o More
        In order to evaluate response of quantity and quality traits of forage maize to macroelements and zinc in the common agricultural and ecological systems, an experimental carried out as split plot design a randomized complete block with four replications in the village of Qara-Chai that khondab city located. The main plots included in organic and chemical fertilizer treatments at six levels: 100, 75 and 50% NPK fertilizer recommended by the laboratory, 75% NPK fertilizers + 10 t/ha manure, 50% fertilizers NPK + 25 t/ha manure, 40 t/ha of manure, and subplots sprayed with different concentrations of zinc sulfate in three of control (no spray), sprayed with zinc sulphate two and four per thousand. Results showed that maximum forage yield 92291 kg/ha was recorded from 40 t/ha manure that with 75% NPK fertilizers combined with application of 10 t/ha manure with forage yield equal to 88845 kg/ha was no significant difference. The foliar application of zinc at a concentration of 4 per thousand, the highest yield (87379 kg/ha) were produced. The highest protein content (12.59 %) was obtained from treatment 40 t/ha of manure. The foliar application of zinc sulfate at concentration of 4 per thousand showed that highest protein content (18.73%). foliar application of two and four per thousand zinc sulfate concentrations increased the grain yield by  8, 9 and 23.08 % compared to the control. The maximum of zinc concentration (47.13 mg/kg) was recorded from application of zincsulfate at the rate of 4 per thousand. In general, results showed that application of 75% NPK recommended combined with 10% t/ha manure along with foliar application of 4 per thousand zinc sulfate can obtain good quantitative and qualitative yield. Manuscript profile
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        205 - Effect of seed inoculation with nitragin and different levels of urea on physiological traits and biologic yield of maize, cv. 704 grown in cold and semi-arid regions
        B. Mirshekari S. Baser A. Javanshir
        In order to study effect of seed inoculationwith nitragin and different levels of urea rate on physiological traits and biologic yield of maize (Zea mays L.), cv. 704, a factorial experiment was conducted based on RBCD. Treatments were six levels of urea rate (0, 30, 60 More
        In order to study effect of seed inoculationwith nitragin and different levels of urea rate on physiological traits and biologic yield of maize (Zea mays L.), cv. 704, a factorial experiment was conducted based on RBCD. Treatments were six levels of urea rate (0, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 kg/ha) and seed inoculation with nitragin or non-inoculation. Based on results, when seeds inoculated with nitragin, LAI in corn reduced from 2.4 to 2 in non-inoculated seeds. Treatment of inoculated seeds×application of 60 kg/haurea had the highest LAI (3.4). The highest chlorophyll content index obtained from interaction ofinoculation with nitragin+120 kg/haurea. Treatments of 150, 120 and 90 kg/haurea with 212, 202 and 191 g/m2 dry weight of ear had significant difference with control and 30 kg/haurea rate. Ear weight in inoculated seeds was 10% greater than non-inoculated ones. Biologic yield in corn was affected by seed inoculation and urea rate. The highest corn biomass (27t/ha) obtained from treatment fertilized with150 kg/haurea. It is recommended that in order to improvement of forage yield, corn must be inoculated with nitragin and fertilized with 150 kg/haurea. Manuscript profile
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        206 - The Phytochemical Changes of Violet Flowers (Viola cornuta) Response to Exogenous Salicylic Acid Hormone
        N. Ghorbani H. Moradi V. Akbarpour A. Ghasemnezhad
        10.22034/jchr.2018.544042
        Manuscript profile
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        207 - The Amount and Timing of Foliar Urea Application Effect on Maize and Forage Sorghum Proteins
        H. Kheirabadi S. Shahsavani M. Basafa S. Gharanjik
        10.22034/jchr.2018.543999
        Manuscript profile
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        208 - Probiotic Viability, Physicochemical Characterization and Sensory Properties of Cornelian Cherry (Cornus mas L.) Juice Supplemented with Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus delbrueckii
        Melika Tahmasebian Razzagh Mahmoudi Mohamad Javad Shakouri
        10.22034/jchr.2020.1884553.1072
        Manuscript profile
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        209 - Evaluation of Sperm Fertility Parameters of Zanjani Viper (Vipera albicornuta) in BostanabadandTarom
        پروانه صفدریان فاطمه توده دهقان توده دهقان عبدالحسین شیروی
        Sperm quality evalution is a valuable tool to study the reproduction potential of male animals and is important for breeding and preservation of medical species. In this study, 66 Zanjani male snakes were collected from two mountainous and cold habitats, Bostanabad in e More
        Sperm quality evalution is a valuable tool to study the reproduction potential of male animals and is important for breeding and preservation of medical species. In this study, 66 Zanjani male snakes were collected from two mountainous and cold habitats, Bostanabad in eastern Azarbaijan and Tarom of Zanjan Province of Iran, in year 2011 to 2012. Morphological characteristics of animals, including body weight, body length from snout to vent, specifications of vas deferen duct and sperm parameters including: concentration, motility, viability of sperm and also the presence and absence of ductal sperm were examined. Results show the morphology of vas deferens in Zanjani viper consists of three parts: proximal, median and distal. The longest values of vas deferen (right and left) lengths in Bostanabad viper was observed in the autumn and the shortest lengths in the spring, whereas these values for Tarom snakes were opposite. The highest mean percentage of sperm concentration in Bostanabad samples was observed in the spring and in Tarom samples was in the autumn. According to the results we can recommend concentration of mature sperms with suitable reproductive parameter are highest in the vas deferen in May, October and November and sperms with highest motility are present in the distal part of the duct in the spring and autumn, and it seems animal is ready for mating. Manuscript profile
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        210 - The Study of Genetic Variation in DifferentPopulations of The Zigzag Mountain ViperMontivipera albicornuta) in its Distribution Range By UsingMitochondrial GeneSequencing
        زینب فخارمنش اسکندر رستگار پویانی حاجی قلی کمی
        The zigzagmountain viper (Montivipera albicornuta) was first described in 1985 by Goran Nilson and Clases Andren. Since that time it is known as an Iranian endemic viper species.Its geographical distribution range is confined to Iran in four provinces of Gilan, Ghazvin, More
        The zigzagmountain viper (Montivipera albicornuta) was first described in 1985 by Goran Nilson and Clases Andren. Since that time it is known as an Iranian endemic viper species.Its geographical distribution range is confined to Iran in four provinces of Gilan, Ghazvin, Eastern Azebayejan and Zanjan, usually inhabiting the highlands and mountains with over 2500m elevationIn order to determine the amounts of genetic variation among different populations of this species in three geographically distant localities, 35 specimens of this species in three provinces of Gilan, Zanjan and eastern Azerbaijan Were collected. After extracting the genomic DNA, Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) were used to amplify the mitochondrial CO1 gene in all specimens. The amplified DNA fragments were then sequenced and analyzed with PAUP and Mega5softwares. Phylogenetic methods of Maximum Parsimony, Maximum Laikelihood and Neighbor Joining were applied to recinstruct phylogeny of the populations. The results of this study indicated that different populations of Montivipera albicornuta is Iran are quite homogenous genetically, so that the mean genetic difference among its populations is not greater than 0/005.This results indicate that the zigzagmountain vipermay distributed in Iran quite recently so that the geographically different populations are just in the beginning of a speciation process.        Manuscript profile
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        211 - بررسی عددی تاثیر مسیرهای فشار دوخطی بر پرشدن گوشه قالب در فرآیند هیدروفرمینگ لوله در قالب جعبه ای شکل
        محسن لوح موسوی میثم شهبازی
        پر شدن گوشه قالب در فرآیند هیدروفرمینگ، از مسائل بسیار مهم است. تعریف صحیح مسیر فشار، یکی از پارامترهای مهم در بهبود پرشدگی گوشه قالب به شمار می رود. با این حال به دلیل پیچیدگی مسئله، هنوز ارتباط بین مسیر فشار با میزان پرشدگی گوشه به خوبی مشخص نیست. در این مقاله، تاثیر More
        پر شدن گوشه قالب در فرآیند هیدروفرمینگ، از مسائل بسیار مهم است. تعریف صحیح مسیر فشار، یکی از پارامترهای مهم در بهبود پرشدگی گوشه قالب به شمار می رود. با این حال به دلیل پیچیدگی مسئله، هنوز ارتباط بین مسیر فشار با میزان پرشدگی گوشه به خوبی مشخص نیست. در این مقاله، تاثیر مسیرهای فشار دو خطی مختلف بر پر شدن گوشه قالب در فرآیند هیدروفرمینگ لوله در قالب جعبه ای شکل به صورت عددی و تجربی بررسی شده است. مسیر فشار دو خطی، ساده ترین مسیر فشار ممکن برای انجام فرآیند هیدروفرمینگ لوله در قالب جعبه ای شکل است. در این حالت، فشار داخلی در ثانیه اول فرآیند (مرحله آب بندی) تا یک مقدار اولیه افزایش یافته و پس از انجام عمل آب بندی به تدریج تا رسیدن به فشار نهایی (فشار کالیبراسیون) بطور خطی افزایش می یابد. نشان داده می شود که برای مسیرهای فشار دوخطی که فشار اولیه آنها کمتر از فشار تسلیم باشد، یک چروکیدگی اولیه مفید در گوشه بوجود می آید که  باعث بهبود پرشدگی بیشتر قالب در گوشه های طولی قالب می گردد، درحالیکه برای سایر مسیرها، در ابتدای فرآیند یک برجستگی محدب اتفاق می افتد و به همین خاطر، جریان مواد به درون قالب کند شده و در نتیجه، گوشه قالب بطور نامناسب شکل می گیرد. Manuscript profile
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        212 - The effects of drought Stress and different sowing date on some quantitative and qualitative characteristics of three corn hybrids (Zea mays L.) in the region of north of Khuzestan
        seyed mohammad hasheminejad omid alizadeh bahram amiri mohammad barzegari mansour esfanyari biat
        This experiment was done on the basis of split-split-plot design in completely randomized block design with three replicates in north of Khuzestan in 2015. Irrigation treatments (irrigation after 70, 90 and 120 mm evaporation) as main-plot, planting date (1 and 20 July More
        This experiment was done on the basis of split-split-plot design in completely randomized block design with three replicates in north of Khuzestan in 2015. Irrigation treatments (irrigation after 70, 90 and 120 mm evaporation) as main-plot, planting date (1 and 20 July and 9 august) as sub-plot and hybrids (704, Karoon 701, and AS71) as sub-sub-plot were carried out. Results showed that the effect of planting date and hybrid on grain yield, 1000-kernel weight, number of kernel rows and number of kernels per row was significant, also the effect of planting date×hybrid on leaf area, the effect of irrigation×hybrid on stomatal conductance and the effect of planting date, hybrid and planting date×hybrid on plant height was significant. Results showed that the highest number of kernels per row was observed in the third planting date and 704 and Karoon 701 hybrid, the highest number of kernel rows was observed in the third planting date and 704 hybrid, the highest amount of 1000-kernel weight was observed in the third planting date and Karoon 701 hybrid. The highest amount of grain yield was observed in the third planting date. The hybrid of Karoon 701 had the highest leaf area in third planting date. AS71 hybrid had the highest amount of leaf area in first irrigation period. AS71 in first irrigation period and 704 and Karoon 701 hybrid in third irrigation period had the highest stomatal conductance. Also AS71 had the highest plant height in third planting date. Manuscript profile
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        213 - Genetic diversity Study of corn (Zea mays L.) genotypes for morpho-physiological traits under drought stress
        Ali Saremi-Rad Alireza Akbari Habib Shojaei Seyed Hamed Ghasemi
        This study was conducted with purpose of investigate the effect of drought stress on different growth stages of 20 maize hybrids in farm of Seed and Plant Improvement Institute in 2016. Drought stress levels consisted of four experiments (normal irrigation, stress in ve More
        This study was conducted with purpose of investigate the effect of drought stress on different growth stages of 20 maize hybrids in farm of Seed and Plant Improvement Institute in 2016. Drought stress levels consisted of four experiments (normal irrigation, stress in vegetative stage, reproductive stress and irrigation interruption as compared to control) in a randomized complete block design. The results of analysis of variance showed that genotypes in terms of traits in each non-stress condition, stress in vegetative stage, stress at reproductive stage and alternate condition have a significant difference at levels of 1 and 5%. According to the results obtained from genetic parameters, in the normal experiment, the number of days to tassel flower initiation, in the vegetative stress experiment tassel branching out number, in the reproductive stress experiment the number of aborted seeds and in the alternate condition days to the drying of the tassel had higher heritability. The tassel branching out number showed the highest phenotypic variation coefficient (77.15) and number of seeds per ear row, the highest genotype variation coefficient (75.6) in normal experiment. Respectively, the number of aborted grains (47.7%) and peduncle outside flag leaf (29.10%) in the vegetative stress test, had the highest phenotypic and genotypic diversity coefficients. The highest phenotypic and genotypic diversity coefficients in reproductive stress test were observed in number of seeds inoculated trait with 45.8% and 37.2%, respectively. Manuscript profile
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        214 - Simulation of soil moisture distribution around of corn plant root in heavy soil texture under drip-tape-irrigation system using HYDRUS-2D model
        Parnian Majidi Chaharmahali Heidar Ali Kashkuli Davoud Khodadadi Dehkordi Ali Mokhtaran Aslan Egdernezhad
        The present study was conducted to evaluate the efficiency of the HYDRUS model in simulating soil water movement and redistribution of moisture around the roots of maize in homogeneous and heavy soils. This study was carried out in the Agricultural Research Center of Kh More
        The present study was conducted to evaluate the efficiency of the HYDRUS model in simulating soil water movement and redistribution of moisture around the roots of maize in homogeneous and heavy soils. This study was carried out in the Agricultural Research Center of Khuzestan Province under drip strip irrigation with three irrigation regimes of 2, 3 and 4 days with three replications during two cropping years. In order to monitor the moisture around the roots, dig a soil profile to a depth of 75 cm perpendicular to the drip irrigation strip. Observed and simulated moisture values were compared byR2,EF, MAE and RMSE statistics. The results showed that the average moisture distribution in each irrigation regime is in the range of crop capacity. RMSE values for different diets ranged from 1.29 to 2.40% and MAE values for different diets ranged from 1 to 2%. Moisture simulations were classified as excellent based on MAE and RMSE values.Also, the results of the coefficient of explanation are between 60 to 90% and the efficiency of the model is between 40 to 90%. Based on the results, the lowest efficiency of the model was in the simulation 24 hours after irrigation and the best simulation was 72 hours after irrigation. The results show the high capability of the model in simulating soil volumetric moisture. Manuscript profile
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        215 - Effects of BA Foliar application on some qulity and quantity characteristics in Corn (Zea mays Var T.W.C.647) under cut irrigation in Pakdasht region
        Mohammad Nasri
        To evaluate the effect of foliar application of BA on morphological and physiological characteristics l Maize (Zea mays Var T.W.C.647) under cut irrigation, the experiment was conducted split plot in randomized complete block design with three replications in PAKDASHT. More
        To evaluate the effect of foliar application of BA on morphological and physiological characteristics l Maize (Zea mays Var T.W.C.647) under cut irrigation, the experiment was conducted split plot in randomized complete block design with three replications in PAKDASHT. Experimental treatments include main plot: C0 = Normal irrigation, C1= cut irrigation at stem elongation stage, C2 = cut irrigation in flowering stage, C3=cut irrigation at filling grain stage and sub plot research include: = M0= control (no application) = M1 = 100 ppm. M2 = 200 ppm respectively. The results of this study showed that cutirrigation can reduce grain yield, grain weight, biological yield, harvest index, protein yield, oil content, oil yield, chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b, relative water content, was foliar application BA the following parameters were increased. The highest T.G.W, G.Y, B.Y, oil percentage and Chol a were achieved Normal Irrigation * 200 ppm AB (341.1 gr, 8982.7 (Kg.ha), 28942.2(Kg.ha), 6.97(%),1.94 Spad) had no significant difference with C0M0,C0M2,C1M2 Manuscript profile
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        216 - Effects of BAFoliar application on some qulity and quantity characteristics in hybrid Corn (Zea maysVar T.W.C.647) under cut irrigation in Pakdasht region.
        mahdi Bagheri
        To evaluate the effect of foliar application of BA on morphological and physiological characteristics l Maize (Zea mays Var T.W.C.647) under cut irrigation, the experiment was conducted split plot in randomized complete block design with three replications at a farm in More
        To evaluate the effect of foliar application of BA on morphological and physiological characteristics l Maize (Zea mays Var T.W.C.647) under cut irrigation, the experiment was conducted split plot in randomized complete block design with three replications at a farm in PAKDASHT at Tehran zone. Experimental treatments include main plots: C0 = Normal irrigation, C1= cut irrigation at stem elongation stage, C2 = cut irrigation at flowering stage, C3=cut irrigation at filling grain stage and sub plots of research include: M0= control (no application), M1 = 100 ppm, M2 = 200 ppm respectively. The results of this study showed that  cut irrigation can reduce grain yield, grain weight, biological yield, harvest index, protein yield, oil content, oil yield, chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b, relative water content, but foliar application BA were increased the following parameters. The highest T.G.W, G.Y, B.Y, oil percentage and Total chlorophyll a were achieved Normal Irrigation * 200 ppm BA(341.1 gr, 8982.7 (Kg.ha), 28942.2(Kg.ha), 6.97(%),1.94 Spad) had no significant difference with C0M0,C0M2,C1M2. Therefore, it is recommended to use foliar application of BA with a concentration of 200 ppm in case of cut irrigation.   Manuscript profile
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        217 - Effect of plant density and arrangement on corn (Zea mays L.) and cowpea (Vignaunguiculata L.) row_intercropping.
        Ahmadreza Esfahani Hosain Amir Shekari Behnam Zand Mohammadhosain Fotovkiyan
        Mixed intercropping of cereal grains and legumes are widely used to produce feed stuffs and forages; as one of the arable crops production management methods, leading to functional improvement in unit level, both quantitatively and qualitatively.therefore, the field tes More
        Mixed intercropping of cereal grains and legumes are widely used to produce feed stuffs and forages; as one of the arable crops production management methods, leading to functional improvement in unit level, both quantitatively and qualitatively.therefore, the field test in the Tehran research and educational center of natural resources based in varamin city was carried out to evaluate the intensity effects, plantation configurations in the solid mixed intercropping of maizes and cowpeas targeting arable crops production. The test was performed in the framework of completely random plan of blocks in the three replications. The maizes and cowpeas were planted in the two intensity levels; with 90,000 and 110,000 scrobs per hectare, 250,000 and 350,000 scrubs per hectare maizes and cowpeas respectively, also 8 mixed preplantingtreatments including the mixed plantation in one row (T5 treatment maize and cowpea density of 250000 × 90000 at a distance of 2 ± 6 × 18, T6 treated maize and cowpea density of 350000 × 90000 at a distance of 2 ± 5 × 18, T7 treatment of maize and cowpea density 250000 × 110000 at a distance of 2 ± 6 × 15, T8 treatment of maize and cowpea density of 350000 × 110000 at a distance of 2 ± 5 × 15) and Intercropping on two rows with the same compression ratio and distance(T9_T12) were planted based on the type of intensiry and the specified distances on 6. July 2015. Results showed that experimental treatments had significant effect on fresh and dry forage yields. The highest and the lowest dry yield wasobtained in planting ratio oftreatment T5 maize and cowpea density of 250000 × 90000 at a distance of 2 ± 6 × 18 with 45.7 ton.h-1and T3 pure culture of cowpea 250,000 plants per hectare with 20.4 ton.h-1, respectively. The highest LER, CI and LER/CI was obtained from planting ratio of treatment T5 maize and cowpea density of 250000 × 90000 at a distance of 2 ± 6 × 18with LER = 1.52,15.90, 0/15. Protein yield in intercropping was greater than sole maize crop.Results also showed thatintercropping as compared to sole cropping had the highest quantity and quality forage yield, and the bestplanting ratio was treatment T5 maize and cowpea density of 250000 × 90000 at a distance of 2 ± 6 × 18and harvest at doughy stage. Manuscript profile
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        218 - Comparing the yield and some morphological characteristics of forage corn promising genotypes in Tehran province
        Homira Abbasi Moshrefi Behnam Zand Seyyed Mohammad Javad Mirhadi Farhad Azizi
        In order to investigate the comparing, the yield and some morphological characteristics of forage corn promising genotypes in Tehran province, an experiment in a randomized complete block design with four replications in 2015 was conducted.  In this experiment, 17 More
        In order to investigate the comparing, the yield and some morphological characteristics of forage corn promising genotypes in Tehran province, an experiment in a randomized complete block design with four replications in 2015 was conducted.  In this experiment, 17 promising genotype were evaluated. The measured characteristics was included stem diameter, ear height from the ground, ear length, leaf area index, leaves number, fresh and dry forage yield, protein content and protein yield. The variance analysis results showed that there was difference between the promising genotypes at one percent probable in the possibility of leaf area index, dry forage yield, protein content and protein yield and at five percent probable in the possibility of fresh forage yield. In terms of mean comparison, there was difference between promising genotypes at the highest ear height from the ground was not observed. The most leaf area index in genotype 10 (K166b×K18) was obtained. The most number of leaves per genotype 15 (KLM77007/7-3-1-2-2-1-1× K18 (and the most stem diameter in genotype 12 (KLM77007/7-3-1-2-2-1-1× K18 (was obtained. The most fresh forage yield in genotype 11) K47/2-2-1-3-3-1-1-1×K19 (and dry forage yield in genotype 17 (SB73×MO17 (was observed. Also the most protein percent is related to the (K47/2-2-1-3-3-1-1-1×K1 (, 12 (KLM77007/7-3-1-2-2-1-1×K18 (and 14 (K47/2-2-1-2-1-3-1-1×K18 (and the most protein yield is related to the genotypes 11 (K47/2-2-1-3-3-1-1-1×K19( and 17 )SB73×MO17(. Manuscript profile
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        219 - Effect of herbicides and mulch on some morphological traits and yield of sweet corn
        Sayyed Mehdi Tavasoli Tabayi Hamidreza Larijani Mohammad Nasri
        There is no any selective herbicide for sweet corn in Iran and the practices of weed control strictly raise the costs of production. To study of the common dental herbicides for dent corn and mulch on the growth and yield of sweet corn and weed suppression, an experimen More
        There is no any selective herbicide for sweet corn in Iran and the practices of weed control strictly raise the costs of production. To study of the common dental herbicides for dent corn and mulch on the growth and yield of sweet corn and weed suppression, an experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications at Varamin, Iran, in 2015. The treatments were included usage of 1.Nicosulfuron (1.5 lit.ha-1),  2. Nicosulfuron+ Rimsulfuron (Ultima, 175 g.ha-1) ,3. Bentazon (2.5 lit.ha-1), 4. mixed of Atrazine (1.5 kg.ha-1) +Acetochlor (4 lit.ha-1), 5. mixed of Nicosulfuron (1lit.ha-1) + Bromicide MA (1 lit. ha-1), 6.silver on black plastic mulch, 7. blue biodegradable plastic mulch, 8. non-weed control and  9.complete hand weeding. Results revealed that mixed of atrazine + acetochlor controlled weed 100% related to weedy check. The highest stem height (134 cm) and diameter (25 mm), total dry weight (5888 Kg.ha-1) and feed (13110 Kg.ha-1) was also obtained in the same treatment. The Most ear length without any significant difference was measured in the control, nicosulruron + bromicide MA, atrazine + acetochlor, and silver on black plastic mulch treatments, respectively. Yield in plastic and Biodegradable mulch treatments fell to 18% and 23% compared to control treatment. Also maximum protein content was in Nicosulfuron treatment (2.4%) and maximum sugar solution content was in biological mulch (13.2%). With regard to the fresh consumption of sweet corn, the use of mulch can eliminate harmful effects of herbicides on plants and environment Manuscript profile
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        220 - Effects of humic acid and irrigation on some yield components of maize KSC 704 in ZabolRrgion
        masoud Najafi hamidreza Mobasser hamidreza Ganjali
        In order to investigate the effect of humic acid and irrigation interval on yield and yield components of corn seed of Single Crusher 704 cultivar in Zabol, a split plot experiment (split plot) in a randomized complete block design with 3 replications. Experimental trea More
        In order to investigate the effect of humic acid and irrigation interval on yield and yield components of corn seed of Single Crusher 704 cultivar in Zabol, a split plot experiment (split plot) in a randomized complete block design with 3 replications. Experimental treatments include main plots three levels: 6 days (A1), 9 days (A2) and 12 days (A3), and and sub plots of research include humic acid in four levels including control or weekly (B1) Biweekly (B2), Triweekly (B3) and Monthly (B4). The results of analysis of variance showed that the effects of irrigation and spraying of humic acid on their harvest index, plant height, number of ear per plant and number of seeds per ear were significant. The highest Harvest index (51.42%), plant height (190 cm), number of ear per plant (3.6 N.o) and number of grain per ear (612 N.o) were obtained irrigated conditions for 6 days and Biweekly Humic acid spray treatment. According to the results of the experiment, the best irrigation interval for corn seed is recommended for 6 days irrigation, with the use of Biweekly for humic acid solution for cultivation in the area.   Manuscript profile
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        221 - Effect of cultivator and simultaneous cropping on grain yield and yield components in Esfahan
        Rasoul Ghafouri Mohammad Mirzakhani Rogie Aminian Dehkordi
        In order to study of effect of cultivator and simultaneous cropping on grain yield and yield components in Varzaneh reign (Esfahan province). A stripe plot arrangement of treatment in a randomized complete block design with three replications was used. Cultivator is con More
        In order to study of effect of cultivator and simultaneous cropping on grain yield and yield components in Varzaneh reign (Esfahan province). A stripe plot arrangement of treatment in a randomized complete block design with three replications was used. Cultivator is considered as a main factor with 3 levels: (C1= not cultivator application, C2= application of cultivator in 30 cm stage of corn, C3= application of cultivator in 60 cm stage of corn) and treatment of simultaneous cropping is considered as sub factor in 5 levels: (S1= Cultivation of pure corn, S2= Cultivation of corn + alfa-alfa, S3= Cultivation of corn + mung bean, S4= Cultivation of corn + cowpea, S5= Cultivation of corn + soybean) were assigned in sub plots. Each sub plot consisted of 4 rows; 6 m long with 60 cm between rows space and 20 cm between plants on the rows and S.C 704 hybrid was used. The result have shown that the effect of cultivator application was significant in stem height, wet stem and leaf weight, grain yield, number of ear in m2. Simultaneous cropping affect on grain yield, number of grain in a row and number of ear in m2. The maximum and minimum of grain yield (1859 and 1559 kg ha-1) were obtained with the not application of cultivator and application of cultivator in 60 cm stage of corn, respectively. In the treatment of Simultaneous cropping as the most and least amount of grain yield with an average 1802 and 1620 kh ha-1, were pure corn cultivation and treatment of Simultaneous cropping (corn + mung bean), respectively. Manuscript profile
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        222 - EffectofHexaconazoleapplication foliar anddifferent irrigation regimesonquantitative , qualitative and biochemicalcharacteristics in grain corn (Zea Mays L.) K.S.C 704.
        atefeh Dehghani mohammad Nasri maysam Oveisi
        In order to investigate the effect of hexaconazole foliar application on yield and biochemical characteristics  of grain corn of KSC704 cultivar under cut irrigation conditions, an experiment was conducted as split plots in a randomized complete block design with t More
        In order to investigate the effect of hexaconazole foliar application on yield and biochemical characteristics  of grain corn of KSC704 cultivar under cut irrigation conditions, an experiment was conducted as split plots in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The main treatments of the experiment are: S0 = Normal irrigation, S1 = Cut Irrigation in stem stage, S2 = Cut Irrigation at flowering stage, S3= Irrigation interruption in seed filling stage and sub-treatments were including: M0= control (not applicable), M1= 25 mg / l , M2 = 50 mg / l. The results showed that cut irrigation reduced grain yield but hexaclonazole foliar application increased the following trait. Hexaclonazole foliar application of 25 and 50 mg / l increased the antioxidants superoxide dismutase, catalase and peroxidase and decreased the biomarker of malondialdehyde, di tyrosine and dihydroxyguanosine degradation significantly. And through hormonal changes increased drought tolerance in corn.   Manuscript profile
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        223 - Effect Biochar on the absorption of lead in phytoremediation of contaminated soils by maize (Zea mays L.)
        Omid Haji Najafi Mohammadreza Momayezi Hossein Ali Sheibani1
        Biochar as a process of pyrolysis of organic compounds and having specific characteristics which can absorb the material, leaching of nutrients and heavy metals affect. This study aimed to investigate the effect of Biochar the amount of Pb in the plant maize (Zea mays L More
        Biochar as a process of pyrolysis of organic compounds and having specific characteristics which can absorb the material, leaching of nutrients and heavy metals affect. This study aimed to investigate the effect of Biochar the amount of Pb in the plant maize (Zea mays L.) in a greenhouse at the research farm of Islamic Azad University of Varamin in crop year 1394 was conducted. Factorial experiment in completely randomized design with three replications. Pb at a concentration of zero, 50, 100 and 200 milligrams per kilogram of lead sulfate salt supply Pb SO4 (respectively P0, P1, P2 and P3) as well as taking Biochar (charcoal made from almond wood) with a ratio of zero, 20 and 40% (respectively B0, B1 and B2) were considered as treatments. The results showed effects Biochar the weight of fresh and dry biomass, biomass, fresh root, stem and leaf concentration of lead in the five-percent probability level was significant. The results showed Biochar effects on fresh and dry weight, root fresh weight, the concentration of lead in roots and leaves were significant at the level of five percent. The highest shoot dry weight of the treatment (no biochar) and 50 mg Pb kg with 1.431 hot and the lowest shoot dry weight of 200 milligrams of lead per kilogram of treatment and lack of biochar with hot 0.261 at the root of the treatment of 100 mg Pb kg and 40 wt% biochar with 1.368 mg per kg and the lowest lead concentration at the root of the control (no lead) and 20 percent by weight biochar with 0.617 mg kg and the highest lead concentration in stems from the treatment of 200 mg Pb kg (and lack of biochar) with (1.239 mg kg) and the lowest concentration of lead in the stem of the treatment (no lead) and 20 percent by weight biochar (1.001 g) and the highest concentration of lead in leaves of treatment, 40% biochar with 1.941 mg per kg and the lowest lead concentration in leaves related to the treatment of 100 mg per kg of lead and 40% biochar with 0.166 mg kg. The results of this study suggest that lead pollution is causing negative effects on morphological and physiological characteristics of corn.   Manuscript profile
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        224 - Application of biochar and superabsorbent on the morphological characteristics of forage maize (Zea mays L.) in Varamin region.
        mohammad Pakdel mohammadreza Momayezi Mohammad Nasri
        In order to investigate the application of biochar and superabsorbent on some morphological characteristics of the forage maize plant (Zea mays L) in Varamin region was performed in the field. The experiment was performed as split plots in a randomized complete block de More
        In order to investigate the application of biochar and superabsorbent on some morphological characteristics of the forage maize plant (Zea mays L) in Varamin region was performed in the field. The experiment was performed as split plots in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The first factor is superabsorbent in 100% bile concentrations (S0, S1, respectively), the second factor is biochar coal consumption with a ratio of 0, 5 and 10 tons per hectare (B0, B1 and B2, respectively). The title of the treatment was considered. The water cycle included seven, 10, 13 days and 10 and 13 (D0, D1 and D2, respectively) as the main plot. The superabsorbent factor had a significant effect on the saturation loss percentage traits. Biochar factor had a significant effect on leaf fresh weight and leaf dry weight, total chlorophyll, relative water content, saturation loss percentage. The dual effects of irrigation and superabsorbent had a significant effect on leaf fresh weight, leaf dry weight, total fresh weight, total dry weight, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, saturation loss percentage. Factor of dual effects of irrigation and biochar significant effect on plant height, leaf fresh weight, leaf dry weight, total fresh weight, total dry weight, leaf area index, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, saturation loss percentage Had. The dual effects of superabsorbent and biochar had a significant effect on leaf fresh weight, leaf dry weight, total fresh weight, total dry weight, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, saturation loss percentage. Factor of triple effects of irrigation, superabsorbent and biochar A significant effect on plant height, fresh leaf weight, leaf dry weight, crack weight and total dry weight, leaf area index, chlorophyll a, total chlorophyll, relative water content And had a saturation loss percentage.     Manuscript profile
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        225 - The study of Symbiotic of mycorhiza and phosphor fertilizer on yield and yield components of corn in Robat karim region.
        Alireza Heidari Mohammad Nasri Farshad Ghooshchi
        In order to investigate the effects of mycorhiza fertilizer and to reduce chemical fertilizer on yield components of corn, an experiment was conducted on Robat  Karim region farm during 2014-2015. The experiment was carried out using factorial design in randomized More
        In order to investigate the effects of mycorhiza fertilizer and to reduce chemical fertilizer on yield components of corn, an experiment was conducted on Robat  Karim region farm during 2014-2015. The experiment was carried out using factorial design in randomized complete block with three replications. The first factor was different levels of phosphor fertilizer consist of  25%, 50%, 75% and 100% and Second factor was consist of do not use of mycorhiza fertilizer (control), 60 kg.ha, 120 kg.ha. Results variance analysis showed that grain yield, 1000 grain weight , Number of grain per row cob, grain on in ear row was significant. The most of grain yield and number of grain per row was in treatment of 50% phosphor fertilizer and 60kg.ha mycorhiza and least of treatment was obtain in control and 25% phosphor fertilizer. The most of number of grain per row was obtain in treatment of 120kg.ha mycorhiza and 50% phosphor fertilizer. Therefore it is recommended that for better efficiency and reduced consumption of phosphate fertilizer soil mineral elements, 50 percent of phosphate fertilizer recommendations and the application of 60 kg. ha mycorrhiza was used in planting corn.   Manuscript profile
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        226 - Effects of lead and cadmium contamination on seed germination and enzyme activities in seed corn (Zea mays L.) KSC 704
        Hosain Barkand Pourangh Kasraie Hamidreza Tohidi Moghadam
        In order to study of lead and cadmium effects onseed germination and enzyme activities an experiment was conducted in seed laboratory of department of agronomy in Islamic Azad University, Varamin, Iran in 2015 on seed corn. The experiment was installed in a completely r More
        In order to study of lead and cadmium effects onseed germination and enzyme activities an experiment was conducted in seed laboratory of department of agronomy in Islamic Azad University, Varamin, Iran in 2015 on seed corn. The experiment was installed in a completely randomized design, with treatments arranged in a factorial scheme with five levels of lead (0, 10, 40, 700 and 100 μM.Lit-1) by five levels cadmium application (0, 10, 40, 700 and 100 μM.Lit-1), with three replicates. The results showed that lead and cadmium effects treatment significantly for all experimental traits. Also with  increased concentrations of heavy metals decreased germination percentage, germination rate , plumule dry weight, radicle dry weight, α-amylase enzyme and  phosphatase enzyme activity, by contrast catalase enzyme activity was increased. Also interaction between lead and cadmium effect showed the lowest and greatest germination rate respectively 5.68 and 8.92 (Seed per day), radicle dry weight 0.34 and 0.66 (g), α-amylase enzyme 3.3 and 5.9 (IU. g FW-1) and phosphatase enzyme 0.9 and 4.3 (IU. g FW-1) activity was obtained when seed corn was exposure in 100 μM.Lit-1 to lead and cadmium used together respectively.      Manuscript profile
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        227 - The Effect of Combined Application of Herbicides and Nitrogen-Fixing Bio-Fertilizer to Control Weeds in Corn (Zea Mays L) K.SC406
        Shahla Ravangard Mohammad Nasri Farshad Sadeghi
        The following study was achieved to investigating the effects of bio-fertilizers N-fixer bacteria  and Methods of controls weeds on quality and quantity characteristics Corn(Zea MaysL. Var K.S.C.406). An experiment was conducted in a Split-plot design as base of ra More
        The following study was achieved to investigating the effects of bio-fertilizers N-fixer bacteria  and Methods of controls weeds on quality and quantity characteristics Corn(Zea MaysL. Var K.S.C.406). An experiment was conducted in a Split-plot design as base of randomized complete block design with 3 replications. Treatments main plat included bio-fertilizers on three levels (Azotobacter, Azospirillum and Control). And Sub plat Methods of controls weeds on Five levels (with out weeding, complete weeding, 2 lit.ha herbicides Nicosulfuron, 1.5 lit.ha herbicides Nicosulfuron, 1 lit.ha herbicides Nicosulfuron). In this study, the maximum Number of spikes per Plant (2.38N.o), grain yield (11313.1 a kg.ha-1) ,biological yield (28673.4 Kg ha-1) and Harvest Index(39.5 %) obtained from Azotobacter with complete weeding treatment had no significant difference with Azotobacter with 2 lit.ha herbicides Nicosulfuron, Azospirillum with 2 lit.ha herbicides Nicosulfuron, Azospirillum with complete weeding treatments. The highest1000 grain weight (300.9 gr), plant height (207 Cm), Stem diameter( 4.32 Cm), Ear length( 36.1 Cm) were assigned of Azospirillum with 2 lit.ha herbicides Nicosulfuron treatment had no significant difference with Azotobacter with 2 lit.ha herbicides Nicosulfuron, Azotobacter with complete weeding, Azospirillum with complete weeding treatments. On the other hand the minimum this characteristic allocated to control with with out weeding. The maximum number of weeds per square meter (14.5 N.o), Fresh weight of weeds per square meter (2.146 Kg.m2) and dry matter of weeds per square meter (0.558 kg.m2) were achieved from Azospirillum with with out weeding. And minimum this characteristics   allocated to included bio-fertilizers with 2 lit.ha herbicides Nicosulfuron. This idea necessary to more research.   Manuscript profile
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        228 - Effect of weed competition on yield, yield components maize cultivar Early 704 (the second culture) in Lorestan Kuhdasht
        Amin Adinehvand Masoud Rafeiee Manouchehr Sayah far
        In order to effect of weeds relative time of emergence on single cross 704 Corn (Zea mays) yield was studied in different density levels of the mentioned weed. The experimental design was split plot based on Randomized Completed Block Design (RCBD) with three replicatio More
        In order to effect of weeds relative time of emergence on single cross 704 Corn (Zea mays) yield was studied in different density levels of the mentioned weed. The experimental design was split plot based on Randomized Completed Block Design (RCBD) with three replications in 2012 was carried out in Koohdasht, Lurestan. The emergence time was considered in 3 levels of E1, E2 and E3 (emergence of the weed 14 days earlier, 7 days earlier and simultaneously with corn, respectively) as main plots and density of weed in 6 levels of D1, D2, D3, D4 and D5 (0, 4, 8, 12, 16 and 20 plants per m2, respectively)as subplots. The height, laef area index (LAI) of corn decreased with earlier emergence time and increasing the density of the Weeds. Also, earlier emergence time of weeds at high densities lead to the reduction in yield component (ear length, diameter and weight, number of seed row in ear, number of seed in row and thousand seed weight). The results showed that a decreasing in grain and biological yield of Corn, as the emergence time of Corn delayed in comparison with the emergence time of weeds. The maximum reduction in grain and biological yield of Corn was observed in 14 days earlier emergence of weeds compared to Corn in high density of this weed (20 plants per m2) with 100 and 99 percent respectively, as Corn plants were put in canopies of weeds plants. Totally, based on the results of this research it can be stated that as the number of the earlier emergence days of weeds compared to the Corn increase, the competitive potential of the Corn reduces and an intense decrease is being observed in its yield. Though, the increase in density of the weed resulted in grain and biological yield reduction, there was no difference between the process of reduction in high densities of weed.    Manuscript profile
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        229 - Effect of inoculation of maize (Zea mays L.) cultivars KSC704 with Mycorrhizal fungi and Pseudomonas bacteria on yield and biochemical traits in condition of cut irrigation
        mohammad nasri meysam oveysi
        Bio-fertilizers of bacteria and fungi that are useful are produced each specific purpose, such as nitrogen fixation, release of phosphate ions, potassium and iron insoluble compounds of them. An experiment to study the effects of Mycorrhizal fungi (Glomusmosseae) and Ps More
        Bio-fertilizers of bacteria and fungi that are useful are produced each specific purpose, such as nitrogen fixation, release of phosphate ions, potassium and iron insoluble compounds of them. An experiment to study the effects of Mycorrhizal fungi (Glomusmosseae) and Pseudomonas bacteria (Pseudomonasputida) on yield under drought stress, antioxidant enzymes and biomarkers destruction of the corn plant KSC704 varieties in crop year 2013-2014 was conducted in Varamin. The experiment was a split plot in a randomized complete block design with three replications were studied. The main factor of three irrigation levels (1- Normal irrigation. 2. Cut irrigation in the flowering stage. 3- Cut irrigation at grain filling) and Bio-fertilizer mixing sub Mycorrhizal fungi and Pseudomonas bacteria to the seeds when planting at four levels (1. non-use of Mycorrhiza and Pseudomonas. 2. The application of Mycorrhizal 60 g.ha-1. 3. Application of 100 g.ha-1 Pseudomonas. 4. Application of Mycorrhizal fungi and Pseudomonas) was considered. The results showed that the interactions between stress and the use of Mycorrhizal fungi and Pseudomonas on all traits was significant at the level of one and five percent. The highest grain yield (7965.3 kg.ha-1), biological yield (20468.3 kg.ha-1) and harvest index (39.1 %) were obtained with simultaneous application of Mycorrhizal fungi and Pseudomonas and normal irrigation and The least of these traits of stress during flowering and non-use of Mycorrhizal fungi and Pseudomonas allocated to that with drought stress during grain filling was no significant difference. It should be noted in irrigation and Application of Mycorrhizal fungi and Pseudomonas usually the least amount of catalase, D-OH guanosine and malondialdehyde were obtained. The highest amount of leaf prolinein the amount of 0.336 µg.g-1 in irrigation cut off at flowering stage and the application of Mycorrhiza and Pseudomonas was obtained. Simultaneous use of Mycorrhizal fungi and Pseudomonas conditions of drought stress on the growth, the plant could greatly increase your tolerance through increasing adaptability metabolites Manuscript profile
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        230 - Effect of different levels of iron and zinc concentrations of micronutrients on yield and yield components of maize (Zea mays L.) single cross 260
        Hamid Goudarzi Pourang Kasraie Behnam Zand
        To study the effects of micronutrient concentrations of iron and zinc on maize (Zea maysL.) KSC 260 factorial experiment in a randomized complete block design with four replications Education - Faculty of Agriculture, Islamic Azad University of Varamin -Pyshva was condu More
        To study the effects of micronutrient concentrations of iron and zinc on maize (Zea maysL.) KSC 260 factorial experiment in a randomized complete block design with four replications Education - Faculty of Agriculture, Islamic Azad University of Varamin -Pyshva was conducted in July 1392. First of iron sulphate fertilizer at three levels (zero, two, four thousand liters) and the second zinc sulfate fertilizer at three levels (zero, four, eight per liter) is sprayed in two steps (first eight-leaf stage and secondly tassel emergence) was performed. The results showed that the interaction between the treatment of iron concentration on four thousand and four hundred on a test characteristics and biological function of the average 24856.3 (Kg.ha), with an average yield of 9496.5 (Kg.ha), with an average of 9.06 percent protein performance fibers with an average 860.4 (Kg.ha), with an average of 38.72% and harvest index (LAI), with a mean value of 6.27 compared to the control (non-use spray), giving the greatest impact on corn (Zea mays L. ) KSC 260 is in Varamin. Manuscript profile
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        231 - Evaluation of biological fertilizers Azotobacter and Azospirillum along with manure application on agronomic traits of maize (Zea mays L.) KSC647.
        meysam oveysi Mohammad Nasri
        Bio fertilizers contain a sufficient number of one or more species of beneficial microorganisms and nutrients from the soil are able to convert unused usable form. In order to evaluate the effect of manure into bio-fertilizer and seed inoculation with nitrogen-fixing on More
        Bio fertilizers contain a sufficient number of one or more species of beneficial microorganisms and nutrients from the soil are able to convert unused usable form. In order to evaluate the effect of manure into bio-fertilizer and seed inoculation with nitrogen-fixing on agronomic traits of grain corn KSC647 cultivars, factorial experiment in a randomized complete block design with four replications was conducted during 2012-2013 in the College of Agriculture, Islamic Azad University of Varamin. The first factor manure: M1: to use 30 tons of manure per hectare of manure and M2: Non-application of manure, Second factor bio-fertilizers Azotobacter strains (Azotobacter chroococcum): Az1: seed inoculation with Azotobacter and Az0: non-inoculated seed with Azotobacter and the third factor bio-fertilizers Azospirillum strains (Azosprillum brasilense): As1: seed inoculation with Azospirillum and As0: non-inoculated seed with Azospirillum bio-fertilizer. The results showed that the highest grain yield, biological yield, grain weight, harvest index, number of seed per ear from animal manure and seed inoculation treatments combined with Azotobacter and Azospirillum was obtained. Specify the use of bio-fertilizers with manure saves 50% of the nitrogen fertilizer. It seems that excess nitrogen from manure improves the vegetative growth at the beginning and in the middle of nitrogen-fixing bacteria able to stabilize the soil nitrogen available to the plants. Synergy of these two factors has led to the growth of nitrogen in the plants, and thus achieved the highest yield. Manuscript profile
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        232 - The effects of biological and chemical fertilizers to use salicylic acid on morphological characteristics and yield of corn
        Federa Taheri Oshtrinani Amin Fathj
        In order to examine the effects of biological and chemical fertilizers with the use of salicylic acid on the agronomic characteristics of corn as a factorial experiment in randomized complete block design with three replications at the Agricultural Research Station in 2 More
        In order to examine the effects of biological and chemical fertilizers with the use of salicylic acid on the agronomic characteristics of corn as a factorial experiment in randomized complete block design with three replications at the Agricultural Research Station in 2011 was Boroujerd. Factors examined included three levels of phosphorus fertilizer (0, 100 and 150 kg ha), two levels of biological fertilizer (mycorrhizal fungi) (seed inoculation and seed inoculation) and two levels of salicylic acid (0/5 and 1 mM), respectively. The results showed that phosphorus fertilizer and mycorrhizal significant effect on plant height, stem diameter, ear length, ear diameter, grain yield and biological yield, respectively, with the application of 150 kg P ha grain yield of 9006 kg was found that 48% More the treatment of non-usage. In the case of seed inoculation with mycorrhiza on the amount of 8412 kg per hectare, respectively, which was 24% higher than the treatment of non-inoculated seeds. Salicylic acid has a significant effect on plant height, stem diameter, ear length, ear diameter, grain yield and biological yield and harvest index. The application of 1 mM salicylic acid yield of 8316 kg per hectare, respectively, which was 24% higher than the treatment of non-use. Phosphorus and mycorrhiza interaction on grain yield and biological yield was significant. Salicylic acid and phosphorus interaction and effect on yield only three treatments was significant. Manuscript profile
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        233 - Effect of pretreatment salicylic acid on germination and seedling growth in sweet corn (Zea mays L.) under salt stress conditions
        Prisa Sojoodi meysam oveysi Farshad Ghooshchi
        To study the effect of salicylic acid pretreatment on germination and alpha-amylase enzyme activity, sweet corn seedling in salinity, physiological testing Varamin Agricultural University - master design. Sweet corn seeds, varieties Saccharata after soaking in solution More
        To study the effect of salicylic acid pretreatment on germination and alpha-amylase enzyme activity, sweet corn seedling in salinity, physiological testing Varamin Agricultural University - master design. Sweet corn seeds, varieties Saccharata after soaking in solution (0, 0.5 and 1 mM) of salicylic acid for 24 h for germination under salt stress conditions, the paper roller dipped in a solution of NaCl concentrations (0, 25, 50, 100 and 200 mM) were transferred and in vitro tests. After germination, germination percentage, seedling dry weight and alpha-amylase enzyme activity was measured. Results showed that salinity reduces germination in seeds of sweet corn, and 200 mM salt concentration decreases, so 33.58 is the control of germination. Salicylic acid also was found to have a positive impact on germination as well as control and stress treatments increased germination will occur. Salicylic acid is used to increase seedling dry weight. Enzyme activity assays showed that the alpha-amylase enzyme activity in terms of reduced salinity and salicylic acid increases the activity of this enzyme, ie to reduce the effects of salinity. According to the obtained results it can be concluded that pretreatment of sweet corn seeds with salicylic acid, 1 mM Had a positive effect on germination and affects the antioxidant defense system of the plant sweet corn seedlings under salt stress is increased resistance. Manuscript profile
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        234 - The effect of different density in intercropping of forage maize (cv.704) and mung bean (cv. parto) on total yield and protein yield
        Saeed Memarian Behnam Zand Mohammad Reza Momaezi
        In order to investigate the effect of different concentration of mixed cropping of mung bean and corn on qualitative and quantitative aspects of forgave production; an experiment was performed in a fully randomized block design in natural resources and agricultural rese More
        In order to investigate the effect of different concentration of mixed cropping of mung bean and corn on qualitative and quantitative aspects of forgave production; an experiment was performed in a fully randomized block design in natural resources and agricultural research center of Tehran province in summer of 2011. The experiment included treatments. Results showed that cropping of all mixed treatments at concentrations of 90000 and 110000 bushes per hectare for corn and 250000 and 350000 bushes. h for mung bean over pure cropping of the said plants at the aforesaid concentrations regarding LER (Land Equity Ratio) ranged from at least 1.27 (related to concentration of 110000 bushes/hector for corn and 250000 bushes/h for mung bean) to 2.94 (related to concentration of 90000 bushes/hectare for corn and 350000 bushes/h for mung bean).On the other hand investigation of queficients of dominance index in mixed treatments showed that corn crop was the dominant one in most of the treatments.Also results of function assessment of dry forages in highest level at T2 is 17.3 ton per hector and in lowest level in T4 is 1.2 ton. per hector and function of total wet forages at highest level at T2 is 77.3 ton. per hector and T4 in lowest level is 3.9 ton per hector. In total function of protein at highest level at T4 is 3.1 ton per hector and lowest level at T4 is 0.12 per hector. Manuscript profile
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        235 - Effect of Plastic mulch and bed system on maize (zea mays) yield and weeds suppression
        Mohsen Garshasebi Hamid Reza Rajab Larijani Mohammad Nasri
        In order to evaluate effect of mulch and bed formation on yield quantity of corn and compete between weeds an experiment were conducted in 2011-2012 in field research of Islamic Azad University, Varamin branch. Experiment were in form of split plot based on complete blo More
        In order to evaluate effect of mulch and bed formation on yield quantity of corn and compete between weeds an experiment were conducted in 2011-2012 in field research of Islamic Azad University, Varamin branch. Experiment were in form of split plot based on complete block design with three replications. Bed cultivation in three level (flat, top and furrow) in main plot, mulch in three level (white plastic on dark, no mulch and control weed, no mulch with weed) in sub plot. The results showed that up to 8-leaf stage, the maximum leaf area, plant height, stem diameter at the soil surface and dry weight was observed in the context of Faro. White on black plastic mulch for all forms of bed control weed up to 99%. Mulch leads to grow corns faster than the ground without mulch and  mulch interaction was significant in the context of maximum yield in the mulch bed treatment bed (1103.61kg ha-1) were obtained. Results showed that bed form had significant effect on Harvest Index, grain yield, seed in ear, seed in row, row number. Mulch had significant effect on total biomass, harvest index, grain yield, seed in ear, seed in row, row number. Highest amount of seed in ear, row in ear for flat bed and highest thousand seed weight and row in ear for top bed. Increasing seed in ear, seed in row and row number by using mulch and therefore seed number increased.   Manuscript profile
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        236 - Influence of plant density and zinc foliar application on yield and its components in corn (hybrid K.S.C704)
        Vagar Mirza Shahram Lak Mehran Mombeni
        In order to study the Influence of plant density and zinc foliar application on yield and its components in single cross corn (Zea mays L.), an experiment was carried out using factorial method on the basis of RCBD with three replicates in Ahwaz, Iran. Experimental trea More
        In order to study the Influence of plant density and zinc foliar application on yield and its components in single cross corn (Zea mays L.), an experiment was carried out using factorial method on the basis of RCBD with three replicates in Ahwaz, Iran. Experimental treatments administered included plant density on three levels (D1=65000, D2=75000 and D3=85000 plant per Hectare plant density). The second factor includes: zinc foliar application in four treatments (F0=control, non application of zinc, F1=zinc foliar application in V12 stage, F2=VT stage and F3= zinc foliar split application in two stages of V12 and VT based, on corn developmental growth stages). Results showed that plant density effects on grain yield, total dry matter, harvest index, 1000 grain weight, leaf area index and grain number in ear were significant (p= 0.01). In addition zinc foliar application effects on grain yield, total dry matter, harvest index and 1000 grain weight were significant (p= 0.05). But interaction between of plant density and zinc foliar application had not a significant effect on above character mentioned. The highest grain yield (equal to 9843.3 kg per hectore) was obtained at the density of 75000 plants with zinc foliar split application in two stages of V12 and VT. The lowest grain yield (equal to 7751.9 kg per hectare) was obtained at the density of 65000 plants with non application of zinc. The highest Biological yield (20276.07 kg per hectare) belongs to D2 with non application of zinc and the lowest rate (15960.31kg per hectare) obtained in D1 with F1 treatment. The most Grain number in ear observed in zinc foliar split application treatment in two stages of V12 and VT. Maximum of LAI belong to D2 with F3 treatment. In generally, planting of 75000 plants per Hectare and zinc foliar split application in two stages of V12 and VT, lead to the highest of LAI and harvest index in D2 treatment and finally result to the highest grain yield.   Manuscript profile
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        237 - The effect of integrated management of chemical and biological nitrogen sources on some agricultural traits and yield of Maxima hybrid fodder corn under irrigation restriction conditions in Arak
        A.R Dadiyan
        This research was conducted with the aim of investigating the combined use of biological and chemical nitrogen sources under the conditions of limited water resources on some agricultural traits and the yield of fodder in the crop years of 2016 and 2017 in Arak. This ex More
        This research was conducted with the aim of investigating the combined use of biological and chemical nitrogen sources under the conditions of limited water resources on some agricultural traits and the yield of fodder in the crop years of 2016 and 2017 in Arak. This experiment was done in the form of a      split-split plot and in the form of a basic design of randomized complete blocks in four replications, so that irrigation levels were placed in the main plot and nitroxin and nitrogen levels were placed in the sub-plots. The investigated factors were irrigation at two levels of regular irrigation and water restriction, nitroxin at three levels of the control treatment, consumption of 0.5 and one liter of nitroxin per 30 kg of seeds consumed and nitrogen at three levels including the control treatment, consumption of 125 and 250 kg of nitrogen per hectare through 46% urea fertilizer. The interaction effect of irrigation and nitroxine on all the measured traits except the number of rows in the cob and the number of seeds in the cob was significant, and with the application of one liter of nitroxine under normal irrigation conditions, the highest amount of these traits was obtained. In the conditions of applying irrigation restrictions, the consumption of 1 liter of nitroxin compared to the application of 0.5 liters and also the treatment without the use of nitroxin resulted in a slight increase in all investigated traits. The interaction effect of irrigation and nitrogen was significant on all studied traits except the number of cobs in the plant and the total number of seeds in the plant, so that the highest amount of effective traits was obtained from the consumption of 250 kg of nitrogen under normal irrigation conditions. The interaction effect of nitroxin and nitrogen on other traits was significant. The highest number of cobs per plant and higher fodder yield (with an average of 86.42 tons per hectare) were obtained as a result of the consumption of one liter of nitroxin combined with 250 kg of nitrogen per hectare, but regarding other traits, the highest average results were obtained from the consumption of one liter of nitroxin. along with 125 kg of nitrogen per hectare. Manuscript profile
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        238 - The effect of sowing date and harvesting time on quantitative traits and yield of silage maize under Varamin environmental conditions
        majid abdoli
         Usually sowing date and harvest time of summer crops such as maize have a significantimpact on the quantitative and qualitative yield of the crop. Therefore, the aim of thisstudy was to investigate the effect of sowing date and harvest time on quantitative traitsa More
         Usually sowing date and harvest time of summer crops such as maize have a significantimpact on the quantitative and qualitative yield of the crop. Therefore, the aim of thisstudy was to investigate the effect of sowing date and harvest time on quantitative traitsand yield of silage maize (single cross 701; cv. Karun), this experiment was done as a splitplot based on completely randomized blocks design with three replications in Varamin atyear of 2015. Treatments included five sowing dates as main factor (9th of April, 21th ofMay, 18th of June, 30th of June and 15th of July) and two harvesting times as sub-factor(grain milky stage and grain dough stage). The results showed that the effect of sowingdate had significant effect at 1% level on the stem fresh weight, maize fresh weight, totalfresh weight, stem fresh weight to total fresh weight ratio, maize fresh weight to total freshweight ratio and fresh forage yield and significant effect at 5% level on the leaf freshweight to total fresh weight ratio. Based on the findings sowing date of 30th of June hasmore fresh weight of leaf, stem and ear and more fresh forage than other sowing dates.Harvesting time in milking stage has better quality and harvesting at dough stage hashigher quantity of product. Correlation between studied traits showed positive and higheffect of stem fresh weight with forage yield. In general, it can be stated that summersowing dates, especially 30th of June and harvest time at the dough stage are the mostfavorable times for silage corn cultivation in the Varamin region.  Manuscript profile
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        239 - Effect of corn and wheat glutens on performance and carcass traits of broilers
        Ali Saki Abolfazl Zarei Nima Eila
        This study was performed to evaluate of effect corn and wheat gluten individually and combination on performance and carcass traits broiler chickens. The experiment was performed using 400 broilers Ross 308 with the same initial weight in a completely randomized design More
        This study was performed to evaluate of effect corn and wheat gluten individually and combination on performance and carcass traits broiler chickens. The experiment was performed using 400 broilers Ross 308 with the same initial weight in a completely randomized design with 4 treatments and 5 replications of 20 pieces for mixed sex and in a period of 42 days. The treatments included: 1- Control. 2- Corn gluten (5 %). 3- wheat gluten (4 %). 4- Mixed corn gluten (2/5 %) + wheat gluten (2 %).The measured experimental characteristics were; feed intake, weight gain, feed conversion and production index. At the end of experimental period one bird was selected randomly from each replicate and slaughtered and carcass characteristics were measured. Results from compare means by duncan test showed that wheat gluten treatment significantly better performance in terms of feed intake, feed conversion ratio and production index is compared to other treatments. But in the case of weight gain, there is no significant difference between treatments. Wheat gluten treatment had a better carcass characteristics in terms of percentages of carcass, breast, thighs, wings and parts of the digestive system is compare to other treatments. Manuscript profile
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        240 - The clinical report of a keratomycosis and its treatment in a horse
        H.R Fattahian روزبه Moridpour A. Hosseinzadeh فرشته Farahani Kh فاطمه Saadinam مریم Fatorehchi
        Keratomycosis is diagnosed more frequently in warm and humid temperature and associated with signifcantocular morbity and is considered as an important challenge to ophthalmologist and equine veterinarian. Fungiare normal inhabitant of equine environment and corneal-con More
        Keratomycosis is diagnosed more frequently in warm and humid temperature and associated with signifcantocular morbity and is considered as an important challenge to ophthalmologist and equine veterinarian. Fungiare normal inhabitant of equine environment and corneal-conjuctival microflora , and can be invasive by lack ofintegrity and stability of precorneal tear flm and corneal epithelial cell injury. The aim of this report is diagnosisand clinical manegment of keratomycosis in the horse and avoidance of ocular enuclation. The horse has beenreferred after small corneal injury and because of inappropriate medical therapy, with diffuse fungial infection.After subpalpebral lavage ,diluate povidine iodine used twice daily and ketoconazole (azole), flunixin meglumine(nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent) and atropine as ophthalmic drop, applied. Natamycine (antifungial agent)in frst 24 hour in each hour and for 3 days every 4 hours and 2 drops applied up to third week every 6 hours.Keratomycosis in horses associates with corneal injury, is considered a common disease but a risk for eye visionand discomfort. Diagnostic, appropriate management of medical, surgical treatment and cooperation of horseowners are important factors for horse to return to exercise. Manuscript profile
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        241 - Evaluation of stability of morphological and functional traits of maize hybrids under the influence of different irrigation methods in three continuous years
        Hossein Mohammadi Pakdehi Hassan Habibi Heshmat Omidi
        In order to evaluate the effect of irrigation on morphological and functional characteristics of corn hybrids (704 NS640, Zp434, SC260, MG89 70), split plot experiment in a randomized complete block design with three replications in a field experiment in Qazvin province More
        In order to evaluate the effect of irrigation on morphological and functional characteristics of corn hybrids (704 NS640, Zp434, SC260, MG89 70), split plot experiment in a randomized complete block design with three replications in a field experiment in Qazvin province during three years of cultivar 2016, 2017 and 2018. The studied factors were five maize hybrids in the main plots and irrigation methods in three levels (stagnant, droplet, and static) in the subplots. Combined analysis of variance showed that grain yield and 1000 grain weight were affected by irrigation methods. Crop yield, relative humidity and dry weight percentage of wheat were significantly different in different irrigation methods. The average yield of SC260 and MG70 89 hybrids with 14820 and 14790 kg in sprinkler irrigation and 704 in drip irrigation with 13419 kg yield, respectively. The highest total weight belonged to NS 640 in irrigation method with 34.7% and the lowest relative humidity of MG70 89 in irrigation and stacking method was 18.33. On the other hand, there was a significant negative correlation with leaf width trait. The regression model was significant and five traits of leaf number, leaf width, 1000 grain weight, total fresh weight and number of seeds per ear were regression models. In total, the fitting coefficient of the fitted model was 97.98% of the yield variation Grain was justified by these five traits, and selection would be effective in increasing the yield of dry leaves through these traits. Based on the results, it seems that in the province of Qazvin, which faced with water shortage, and with regard to the amount of water saving, the SC260 and MG70 89 hybrids had the highest performance with static classical irrigation. Manuscript profile
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        242 - Effects of nitroxin and supernitroplast biofertilizers on morphological traits and grain yield of Maxima and 704 hybrid maize
        Esmaeil Hadidi Masouleh Saeid Sayfzadeh Taleb Asadi
        The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of nitroxin and super nitro plus biofertilizers on morphological and agronomical characteristics of Maxima and 704 hybrid maize in Nizam Abad area of ​​Qazvin. This study was conducted as factorial in a randomized com More
        The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of nitroxin and super nitro plus biofertilizers on morphological and agronomical characteristics of Maxima and 704 hybrid maize in Nizam Abad area of ​​Qazvin. This study was conducted as factorial in a randomized complete block design with 3 replications. Cultivar factor at 2 levels (H1: hybrid 704 and H2: maxima hybrid) and biofertilizer at 4 levels (B1: nitroxin, B2: super nitroplus, B3: nitroxin and super nitroplus, and B4: non-inoculated (control)) were considered. The results showed that the effect of biofertilizer and cultivar levels at 1% level on grain number per ear was significant. Nitroxin + Super Nitroplass treatment with mean of 788 seeds had the highest number of grain per ear and the lowest amount was observed in non-inoculated treatment. Maxima cultivar with mean of 796 seeds had a significant superiority to 704 cultivars. The results showed that the effect of biological fertilizer levels, cultivar and their interaction on grain yield was significant at 1% level. Comparison of the means of interaction between biofertilizer and cultivar levels on grain yield showed that Maxima cultivar with Nitroxin + Super Nitroplus and Super Nitroplus alone had the highest grain yield. Manuscript profile
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        243 - The effect of various plant density on the competitiveness of corn with natural population of weeds
        عبدالنور  چعب محمد حسين قرينه
        In order to study the effects of increasing corn plant density on competitive ability of corn with natural weed population in Khuzestan climate, a Randomized Complete Block design with four replications was conducted in the experimental field station at Ramin Agricultu More
        In order to study the effects of increasing corn plant density on competitive ability of corn with natural weed population in Khuzestan climate, a Randomized Complete Block design with four replications was conducted in the experimental field station at Ramin Agricultural and Natural resources, Mollasani university of Ahwaz. Treatments included pure stands of corn at three density ( 40000, 70000 and 100000 plants ha) and weed interference period to v9 and v13 in any of plant density ( 40000, 70000 and 100000 plant ha ). Also another additional treatment was adopted as weed-interference during the growth season with density of 70000 plant ha. Results showed that there was significant difference between the studied characters, biological yield, grain yield, harvest index, grain number per ear, and row number per ear, grain number per row and 1000-kernel weight among treatments. The studied characters were severely reduced by increasing the duration of weed interference after corn emergence. In addition, results showed that with corn plant increasing density, corn plants tolerated the presence of weeds until v9 stage with approximately 6-15% in yield loss. Manuscript profile
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        244 - The role of microbial fertilizers on the quantitative traits of sweet corn at different densities
        sahar doaei
        The effect of biofertilizers and plant density was investigated on yield and yield components of sweet corn cv. ‘Sari 2802’ in a split-plot field experiment based on a randomized complete block design with three replications in Lahijan, Guilan province in 2021. The main More
        The effect of biofertilizers and plant density was investigated on yield and yield components of sweet corn cv. ‘Sari 2802’ in a split-plot field experiment based on a randomized complete block design with three replications in Lahijan, Guilan province in 2021. The main plot was assigned to biofertilizer at four levels of control (F1), using N-Fertile 1 (F2), phosphate fertile2 (F3), and N-Fertile 1 + Phosphate fertile 2 (F4), and the sub-plot was assigned to plant density at three levels of 55,000 (D1), 65,000 (D2), and 75,000 plants/ha (D3). The results showed that the application of biofertilizer influenced plant height, grain number per ear, ear length, total dry matter, grain yield, and 1000-grain weight positively. The highest 1000-grain weight (383 g), the highest total dry matter (26240 kg/ha), and the highest grain yield (9146 kg/ha) were obtained from F4D2 (N-1 + P-2 and the density of 65,000 plants/ha). The results showed that the density of 65,000 plants/ha and the application of N-1 and P-2 biofertilizers was the best treatment. Manuscript profile
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        245 - Effect of Organic Fertilizers, Mycorrhiza and Tillage on Yield and Uptake of Nitrogen and Phosphorus in Seed, Leaves and Soil under Maize Cultivation
        Alireza Feilinezhad Mohammad  Mirzaeiheydari Farzad Babae Abbas Maleki Mahmood Rostami nia
        The present experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of tillage, organic fertilizers and mycorrhiza on quantitative traits and nutrient uptake in maize. The experiment was performed as a split plot with 4 replications in a randomized complete block design in A More
        The present experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of tillage, organic fertilizers and mycorrhiza on quantitative traits and nutrient uptake in maize. The experiment was performed as a split plot with 4 replications in a randomized complete block design in August of the crop year 2017 and 2018 in Ivan city in Ilam province. Tillage at 3 levels (no tillage, tillage to a depth of 10 cm and tillage to a depth of 30 cm), organic fertilizer at 3 levels (no use, vermicompost 30 tons per hectare and bovine manure 30 tons per hectare) and mycorrhizal fungus Glomus mosseae and it was by soil inoculation method (consumption and non-consumption). In a minimal tillage system, seed yield was 7053.2 kg ha-1, an increase of 21% compared to the least amount of tillage-free treatment. In the minimum tillage system and the consumption of cow manure, the highest grain yield was obtained in the amount of 8198.2 kg ha-1. The interaction of mycorrhizae and tillage on grain yield was significant. In the case of minimal tillage and mycorrhizae, the maximum grain yield was707.1 kg ha-1, which was significantly different from the treatment without tillage and deep in both mycorrhizal and non-amycorrhizal states. According to the results obtained in this study, it was found that soil application at least relative to the deep system has increased plant yield. Manuscript profile
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        246 - The effect of planting pattern and foliar application of micronutrients on yield and yield components of corn Cv. 704 Sc.
        سعيد بداقي mohsen roshdi
        To study the effects of sowing pattern and foliar application of Fe, Zn, and B on yield and yield components of corn Cv. 704 an experiment was done in stripe plot on the basis of randomized complete block design in four replications during the crop year of 2006 in the A More
        To study the effects of sowing pattern and foliar application of Fe, Zn, and B on yield and yield components of corn Cv. 704 an experiment was done in stripe plot on the basis of randomized complete block design in four replications during the crop year of 2006 in the Agronomical Research Station of Khoy. In this experiment the first factor was in two levels: rectangular and square planting patter. Second factor was foliar application of micronutrients in eight levels which included control, foliar application of Fe, Zn, B, Fe+ Zn, Fe + B, Zn + B and Fe + Zn + B. Foliar application was done in 5000 ppm concentration. Results showed that ear length and seed number on ear were only affected by micronutrients foliar. Interaction of the two factors was significant on harvest index. In general, planting on square pattern and foliar application of micronutrients improved the yield components so that the highest yield was obtained in square pattern with 9.96 ton / ha and in foliar application of Fe, Zn, and B with 10.4 tons/ha. Manuscript profile
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        247 - Effect of zinc and boron spray on quantitative and qualitative characters of Effect of zinc and boron spray on quantitative and qualitative characters of seed corn ( KSC 704 )
        kianoush safari فرهاد صادقی احمد قنبری
        To evaluate the effect of foliar application of zinc and boron fertilizers on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of grain maize, an experiment was conducted with two factors using factorial in a randomized complete block design in Sar-e Pol-e Zahab. Th More
        To evaluate the effect of foliar application of zinc and boron fertilizers on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of grain maize, an experiment was conducted with two factors using factorial in a randomized complete block design in Sar-e Pol-e Zahab. The first factor was zinc in four levels ( zero, 0.7, 1.4 and 2.1 kg/ha-1 ) and the second factor was boron in four levels ( zero, 0.3, 0.6 and 0.9 kg/ha ). Summary results showed that the effect of zinc and boron factors were significant on the stem diameter, number of kernels per row, 100 kernel weight, leaf area index, the amount of zinc and boron in the grain, protein percent and yield and grain yield at the 1% level statically. By increasing the amount of zinc fertilizer consumption, increased the stem diameter, leaf area index, number of kernel per row, 100 kernel weight, the amount of Zn and B in the grain, the amount of protein in the grain and the grain yield. The highest and lowest grain yield belonged to 2.1 kg/ha of Zinc and without the consumption of Zinc fertilizer treatments with 9.560 and 8.000 t ha-1 respectively. The 0.6 kg/ha of boron fertilizer treatment had greatest effect on the stem diameter with 28.9mm, leaf area index with 3.89, seed depth with 11.67 mm, number of kernels per row, with 41 grain and grain yield with 9.43t/ha, and this treatment was the best one. The effect of Zn and B fertilizer interaction on the yield and yield components showed that the treatment of 2.1 kg/ha oh zinc × 0.6 kg/ha boron was superior for all traits such as grain yield with 10.93 t/ha. Manuscript profile
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        248 - Studying the impact of selenium spraying and drought tension on some traits of corn Ns 640 cultivar
        فاطمه طاهري
        To study the impact of selenium spraying and drought tension on some traits of corn Ns 640 cultivar, an experiment was carried out in split plot with complete random blocks in three replications in research farm of agricultural college of Urmia university in 1392. The e More
        To study the impact of selenium spraying and drought tension on some traits of corn Ns 640 cultivar, an experiment was carried out in split plot with complete random blocks in three replications in research farm of agricultural college of Urmia university in 1392. The experimental treatments included four levels of selenium spraying ( control, % 162, % 243, and % 324 g per litre ); as the secondary factor and the irrigation treatments in three levels ( 80, 60, and 40 percent of farming capacity ); as the main factor. The results showed that the traits of the stalk height, 1000-seed weight, protein percentage, chlorophyll a and b, seed yield and the rate of selenium of seed were under the significant selenium and irrigation treatments. The biologic yield was under the impact of selenium but the irrigation treatment didn't have meaningful effect on this trait. The highest stalk height ( 246cm ), protein percentage ( %12.31 ), seed yield ( 14678.8 kg/h ) were obtained respectively from irrigation treatments in %80, %60, and %80 of farming capacity. Selenium spraying and selenium treatment with %243g concentration per litre had the highest amount of the mentioned traits. Manuscript profile
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        249 - The impact of magnetic and ultra-sound pre-treatment on the agronomical traits and yields of forage corn
        sasan rezadust هادي طايفه افشاري
        To study the impact of pre-treatment of magnetic and ultra sound waves of the yield of forage corn of 704, an experiment was carried out in factorial complete random blocks with three replications and two factors on a field in Badalboo village, 15 km north of Urmia in 1 More
        To study the impact of pre-treatment of magnetic and ultra sound waves of the yield of forage corn of 704, an experiment was carried out in factorial complete random blocks with three replications and two factors on a field in Badalboo village, 15 km north of Urmia in 1392. The first factor was the magnetic field including 40, 80 milli-tesla in 20 minutes and the control ; the second factor was the sound waves including two levels with 40, 80 k. h. in two minutes with control. The results showed that the traits of the stalk height, the number of nodes, leaf area, the corn weight ratio, percentage of the protein, and the weight of forage were under the impact of sound waves. The trait of the number of nodes was also under magnetic field. The interactive impact of magnetic field in second waves was significant on the stalk height, number of leaves, wet weight of the stalk, and percentage of protein. The combination of two pre-treatment of ultra-sound and magnetic wave in average wave level caused %20 increase in the forage. Manuscript profile
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        250 - Biosynthesis of Silver Nanoparticles using Bacillus subtilis Bacterium Cultured in Corn Steep Liquor and Evaluation of its Antibacterial Activity
        Naeimeh Faridi Aghdam Shahram Moradi Dehaghi Sirous Ebrahimi Hamed Hamshehkar
        In this study, the biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles was done using Bacillus subtilis bacterium cultured in corn steep liquor (CSL) nutrient. The biosynthesized nanoparticles were characterized by several techniques including FT-IR, XRD, UV-Vis, SEM, EDX, and TEM. More
        In this study, the biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles was done using Bacillus subtilis bacterium cultured in corn steep liquor (CSL) nutrient. The biosynthesized nanoparticles were characterized by several techniques including FT-IR, XRD, UV-Vis, SEM, EDX, and TEM. The absorption spectrum of the nanoparticles indicated the maximum absorption at 436 nm. The SEM image confirmed the nanoparticles had polydisperse spherical morphology (~20nm). Also, the TEM image showed the nanoparticles had spherical or elliptical shape and the approximate diameter of the particles was between 10-20 nm. Morphological studies showed that the nanoparticles were completely separated and no aggregation was observed. Moreover, XRD studies confirmed that the produced nanoparticles were crystallized in the FCC crystal lattice. The antibacterial activity results indicated that the synthesized nanoparticles had significant effect against Escherichia coli bacteria, and the inhibition zone was equal to Gentamicin. So, the production of silver nanoparticles using green method is economically very economical, and can be a method for the production of silver nanoparticles in industrial scale. Manuscript profile
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        251 - Binomial sequential sampling model to facilitate monitoring of greenbug, Schizaphis graminum (Rondani) populations in broom corn farms
        Habibollah Khodabandeh Shahram Shahrokhi Khaneghah
        10.22034/aej.2020.679877
        This study was conducted to develop a binomial (presence-non presence) sequential sampling model for saving time in determining population density of greenbug, <em>Schizaphisgraminum</em> (Rondani) in broom corn fields. For this purpose, 50 broom corn stems were sampled More
        This study was conducted to develop a binomial (presence-non presence) sequential sampling model for saving time in determining population density of greenbug, <em>Schizaphisgraminum</em> (Rondani) in broom corn fields. For this purpose, 50 broom corn stems were sampled every three days for counting the aphid number. The mean and variance of population at each sampling date were used to estimate spatial dispersion parameters. Then, Taylor&rsquo;s Power Law parameters were used to prepare binomial sequential sampling models at two precision levels of 0.10 and 0.25. The spatial distribution of <em>S. graminum</em> in the field was clumped and its mean population at different sampling dates ranged from 0.14 to 25.45 aphids per stem. Comparison of models showed that sample size required for estimating aphid population increased significantly by reducing the precision level from 0.25 to 010. Therefore, the binomial sequential sampling model at the precision level of 0.10 was very time consuming and was not suitable for estimating aphid population density. However, the model at 0.25 precision level reduced the required sample size compared to the fixed sample size method. Overall, using binomial sequential sampling model at 25% precision level, the proposed precision level for pest management programs can reduce sampling time in comparison to the fixed sample size method and is recommended for estimating the pest population in integrated pest management programs in broomcorn farms Manuscript profile
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        252 - Interferences of common lambsquarters, Chenopodium album L. in two planting patterns of corn
        Mahmoud Pouryousef aziz javanshir adel Dabbage Mohammadi Nasab abdollah Hasanzadeh Ghurt Tappe
        In order to study of eco-physiological aspects of interferences of different lambsquarters, <em>Chenopodium album</em> L. densities in two planting patterns of single cross corn 704 and competitive effects of the weed on yield quality and quantity of corn, an experiment More
        In order to study of eco-physiological aspects of interferences of different lambsquarters, <em>Chenopodium album</em> L. densities in two planting patterns of single cross corn 704 and competitive effects of the weed on yield quality and quantity of corn, an experiment was conducted at Miyandoab agricultural research station from 2004 to 2005. The experimental design was factorial in a rondomized complete block design with three replications. The treatments were: a combination of three levels of lambsquarters population (4, 10, 16 plants per meter of corn row) and two planting patterns (common and two zigzag row) of corn. The treatments lacking corn weed in two planting patterns were considered as control. Seeds were planted on the sides and end of corn rows in zigzag between corn plants. Results showed that the competition of lambsquarters caused significant decrease in grain yield, biological yield and harvest index. Seed protein content of corn was decreased but seed oil content increased. The effects of weed density on studied characteristics of corn was greater than those of different planting patterns. Competitition of weed significantly decreased LAI in comparison to the control. This decrease was considerable in&nbsp; higher weed densities. It was also greater in conventional planting pattern than two zigzag row planting pattern. Manuscript profile
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        253 - Effect of tillage method and wheat residual management on some soil properties and grain corn yield in Kerman, Iran
        Farzad Azadshahraki hormoz nagavi Hamid najafinejad
        Managements of tillage and plant residual effect on some soil properties and consequently yield was studied. The goal of this research was to compare the effect of conventional tillage, minimum tillage and no tillage systems and the effect of wheat residues on some soil More
        Managements of tillage and plant residual effect on some soil properties and consequently yield was studied. The goal of this research was to compare the effect of conventional tillage, minimum tillage and no tillage systems and the effect of wheat residues on some soil properties and corn grain yield in the subsequent year. For this purpose, four tillage treatments and two wheat residual managements were selected at Kerman Research Farm Station (Shahid Zendeh Rooh). Tillage treatments were: 1. conventional tillage (CT), 2. minimum tillage (RT), 3. no tillage and planting at the top of furrows (NT<sub>1</sub>) and 4. no tillage and planting on the base of furrows (NT<sub>2</sub>). Wheat residual managements were: 1. preservation of previous year wheat residues in the farm and 2. gathering pervious year wheat residues. This experiment was performed as a split plot in a randomized complete block design with three reapplications. Soil organic carbon (OC), bulk density (BD) and soil cone index, height of plant, yield and yield components were measured during the experiment. The results showed that OC in CT and RT treatments became minimum and reached to maximum in NT<sub>1</sub> and NT<sub>2</sub> treatments. The treatments had not any significant effects on BD. Soil cone index in CT treatment was the lowest and increased in RT and became maximum in NT<sub>1 </sub>and NT<sub>2 </sub>treatments. Grain yield was high in RT (13.99 ton/ha).The lowest yield was measured in NT<sub>1</sub> and NT<sub>2 </sub>(10.59 and 9.99 ton/ha), respectively. Yield components (rows in ear and 1000 kernel weight) were not affected by the different treatments. It seems that application of the treatments could be efficient on more soil properties in a long term for corn cultivation. Manuscript profile
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        254 - Sequential sampling model for monitoring of Rhopalosiphum maidis (Fitch) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) in broomcorn fields of Miyaneh region, Iran
        Habibollah Khodabandeh Shahram Shahrokhi Khaneghah
        10.22034/aej.2018.544292
        <span>The present research was carried out for determining spatial distribution type and developing sequential sampling models for precise estimating of corn leaf aphid, <em>Rhopalosiphum maidis </em>(Fitch) population in broomcorn, <em>sorghum</em> <em>vulgare</em> var More
        <span>The present research was carried out for determining spatial distribution type and developing sequential sampling models for precise estimating of corn leaf aphid, <em>Rhopalosiphum maidis </em>(Fitch) population in broomcorn, <em>sorghum</em> <em>vulgare</em> var. <em>technicum</em>, fields of Miyaneh region, Iran. To investigate spatial distribution pattern, population was sampled every 3 days on 50 broomcorn tillers to calculate variance and mean number of aphids at each sampling date. Taylor&rsquo;s power law was more suitable and so its parameters was used to develop sequential sampling models using Green (1970) method at precision levels of <em>D </em>= 0.1 and <em>D </em>= 0.25. Results revealed high number of corn leaf aphid in broomcorn field with an aggregated dispersion pattern. Mean aphid population at different sampling dates varied from 5.22 to 109.10 aphids per stem. Estimates of spatial distribution parameters were used to develop sequential sampling models and sampling stop lines using Green (1970) method at precision levels of <em>D </em>= 0.1 and <em>D </em>= 0.25. Comparison of sampling models showed that sample size required for estimating aphid density significantly increased by decreasing precision level from 0.25 to 0.1. So, sequential sampling model at 0.10 precision level was time&shy;-&shy;consuming and it was not suitable for estimating corn leaf aphid population. However, sequential sampling model at 0.25 precision level reduced sample size required for monitoring <em>R. maidis</em> population in comparison to the fixed sample size method. In conclusion, sequential sampling model at 0.25 precision level could reduce sampling time and so, it recommended for estimating population in IPM programs of the pest in broomcorn fields of Miyaneh region.</span> Manuscript profile
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        255 - Effects of organic and chemical fertilizers of nitrogen on some soil properties and sweet corn traits (var.Gardeh Afshan 400)
        Masoumeh Shahmoradi Manouchehr Farboodi Shahram Shahrokhi
        In order to study the response of soil properties and sweet corn traits to different levels of organic and chemical fertilizers of nitrogen, a greenhouse&shy;-&shy;laboratory research was carried out as factorial based on a completely randomized design with three replic More
        In order to study the response of soil properties and sweet corn traits to different levels of organic and chemical fertilizers of nitrogen, a greenhouse&shy;-&shy;laboratory research was carried out as factorial based on a completely randomized design with three replications in Miyaneh Branch, Islamid Azad University. Experimental factors included poultry manure at three levels (0, 20 and 30 ton.ha<sup>-1</sup>) and nitrogen fertilizer at three levels (0, 100 and 200 kg.ha<sup>-1</sup> from urea source). Results showed that application of poultry manure in soil increased soil pH, EC and organic carbon. Also, it had a significant effect on chlorophyll content, plant height and leaf area of sweet corn plants. Application of 20 and 30 ton.ha<sup>-1</sup> poultry manure resulted in higher values of the studied traits. However, there was no &shy;significant differences between 20 and 30 ton.ha<sup>-1</sup> poultry manure in most cases and so, application of 20 ton.ha<sup>-1</sup> poultry manure was enough for achieving optimal sweet corn growth in greenhouse. According to the results, combined application of 20&shy; ton.ha<sup>-1</sup> poultry manure and 100&shy; kg.ha<sup>-1</sup> nitrogen from urea source could be recommended for optimum nitrogen supplying in sweet corn cropping system. Manuscript profile
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        256 - Effect of five pesticides on greenbug, Schizaphis graminum (Rondani) (Hem., Aphididae)
        Shahram Shahrokhi habiballah khodabandeh manuchehr farbodi
        Broom corn is cultured in broad areas as one of th most important agricultural crops in &nbsp;Miyaneh region, Iran. Greenbug, <em>Schizaphis graminum,</em> an injurious cereal aphid, reduces the yield of the crop and so pestichdes Oxydemeton methyl and Thiometon were us More
        Broom corn is cultured in broad areas as one of th most important agricultural crops in &nbsp;Miyaneh region, Iran. Greenbug, <em>Schizaphis graminum,</em> an injurious cereal aphid, reduces the yield of the crop and so pestichdes Oxydemeton methyl and Thiometon were usually applicated 3-4 times to prevent aphid damage. In order to select effective pesticides for reducing application times, economic yield production and environmental safety, the effect of commen pesticides in broom corn fields (Oxydemeton methyl and Thiometon) was compared with Imidaclopride, Primicarb and Malathion on green bug. Results revealed that Imidaclopride, Primicarb and Oxydemeton methyl were the most effective pesticides on <em>S. graminum.</em> High Relative Potential Reduced Concentration (RPRC)of Imidaclopride, Primicarb and Oxydemeton methyl were duo to their low LC50 values on the aphid population, and indicated that their field recommended doses most probably can kill more than 50 percent of aphid population in the field condition. The highest Relative Potential Reduced Concentration value was observed in Imidaclopride with 22.56. Besides, Iranian formulations of Thiometon and Oxydemeton methyl were less effective than others and systemic pesticides were more effective than Malathion contact pesticid. Manuscript profile
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        257 - Effect of mycorrhiza (Glomus intraradices) and zinc on morphological and agronomic traits of corn (Zea mays L.) under different levels of soil moistures
        Nourali Sajedi amir hosein shiranirad abdollah sajedi hadi khanmohammadi
        Effects of mycorrhiza fungi and different levels of zinc on some morphologic and agronomic traits of corn (variety KSC 704) was studied under water deficit stress. The experiment was carried out at research farm of Islamic Azad University, Arak Branch, in 2006. The expe More
        Effects of mycorrhiza fungi and different levels of zinc on some morphologic and agronomic traits of corn (variety KSC 704) was studied under water deficit stress. The experiment was carried out at research farm of Islamic Azad University, Arak Branch, in 2006. The experimental design was a factorial based on a randomized complete block design with three replications. The treatments consisted of three levels of irrigations (100%, 75% and 50% of plant water requirement), inoculation with mycorrhiza fungi at two levels (inoculated and un-inoculated with <em>Glomus intraradices</em>) and zinc sulphate at three levels (0, 25 and 45 kg.ha<sup>-1</sup>). Results showed that drought stress affected agronomic characteristics and grain yield. The maximum grain yield was produced with an irrigation of %100 crop water requirement. Application of mycorrhiza and zinc sulfate shifted agronomic characteristics and grain yield. Effects of mycorrhiza and zinc sulfate interactions increased grain yield. Effects of irrigation, mycorrhiza and zinc sulfate interactions affected grain yield too. However, the highest growth of agronomic traits and grain yield were obtained for the treatment of irrigation level (100%) and zinc sulphate<br /> (25 kg.ha<sup>-1</sup>) with mycorrhiza inoculation. Manuscript profile
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        258 - Effect of manure on tolerance of maize cultivars to drought stress in Iranshahr climate condition
        Amir Behzadi asl s. mahdi javadzadeh
        10.22034/aej.2018.544494
        To investigate the reaction of maize under drought stress to the application of manure, an experiment was conducted as split split plot based on randomized complete block design in Iranshahr, Iran. Drought stress included irrigation cut-off in two flowering and seed fil More
        To investigate the reaction of maize under drought stress to the application of manure, an experiment was conducted as split split plot based on randomized complete block design in Iranshahr, Iran. Drought stress included irrigation cut-off in two flowering and seed filling stages. Maize genotypes consisted of SC704, SC540, and SC647, and Maxima cv. and sheep and poultry were applied with the amounts of 10 and 5 t/ha. Plant height, number of seeds per row, ear diameter, 1000 grain weight, and seed yield were measured at physiological harvesting time. Tolerance indices including &nbsp;&nbsp;Stress Susceptibility Index (SSI),&nbsp; Tolerance Index (TOL), Stress Tolerance Index (STI) ,&nbsp; Geometric mean productivity (GMP), , and Mean Productivity Index (MPI) &nbsp;were measured &nbsp;. Irrigation cuttings had a meaningful declining effect on all studied traits in all four cultivars especially&nbsp; &nbsp;in flowering stage. SC704 hybrid showed the highest drought tolerance to Iranshahr weather conditions.Compared to sheep manure, application of poultry manure increased yield and yield components of maize cultivar 704 in drought stress in flowering stage.&nbsp; SSI, STI, STI, GMP, TOL, and MPI introduced the SC704 maize hybrid as stress tolerance indices.Therefore, the use of poultry manure is recommended to achieve optimal yield in maize SC704 under drought stress conditions. Manuscript profile
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        259 - Biology and life table of greenbug, Schizaphis graminum Rondani (Hom., Aphididae) on broom corn,Sorghum cernuum
        Habibollah Khodabandeh Shahram Shahrokhi Mahmoud Shojai
        <em>Schizaphis graminum </em>is one of the most important pests of broom corn in early season. Biology and life table parameters of this aphid was investigated in laboratory at 25 &plusmn; 1˚C, 50-60% relative humidity, and a photoperiod of 16:8 (L:D) hours. The experim More
        <em>Schizaphis graminum </em>is one of the most important pests of broom corn in early season. Biology and life table parameters of this aphid was investigated in laboratory at 25 &plusmn; 1˚C, 50-60% relative humidity, and a photoperiod of 16:8 (L:D) hours. The experiment was carried out by rearing 50 four hour-old aphid nymphs in leaf cages and their mortality and ecdysis was recorded daily. The results indicated short development time of different nymph instars, so that they completed its development in 6.98 days. Prelarviposition period was very short and mean generation time was 7.48 days. Mean longevity of the aphid was 35.24 days. Survival curve of S. <em>graminum</em> on broom corn was determined as type І. There was not observed any mortality in nymphal development period. Mortality rate was also very low in young adult stage. Maximum death rate (0.16) occurred in 33-old age and life expectancy of the aphid was estimated 34.74 days in 1st instar nymph stage and decreased gradually in a constant rate. The results of this study revealed relatively high longevity and slow mortality trend in aphid population. Manuscript profile
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        260 - The possible modification of absorbable phosphorus solubles in calcareus soils and it’s effects on yield production in corn
        Hamid Reza Doroudian hosein besharati alireza falahnosratabad hosein Heidari Sharif Abad farokh Darvish asefeh Alahverdi
        Alkalinity of soils in many cultivated areas of corn in Iran prevents the accessability of nutrients, particularly <br />phosphore (P), by the plant. Application of solphur (S) and its subsequent oxidation which is usually accompayning with a reduction of soil PH will e More
        Alkalinity of soils in many cultivated areas of corn in Iran prevents the accessability of nutrients, particularly <br />phosphore (P), by the plant. Application of solphur (S) and its subsequent oxidation which is usually accompayning with a reduction of soil PH will enhance the absorbability of P and most micronutrient solubles in the soil. Today, low price of phosphorus sources such as apatite and composts can be taken into consideration as phosphorus fertilizers for plant nutrients in agriculture. These sources could promote absorbable phosphors in the alkaline soils and later on taken by the plant. However, we studied effects of changing PH and increasing phosphorus solubles in the soil on yield production of a corn single cross 301. The experiment was a factorial based on a &nbsp;randomized complete block design with three replications and carried out at the Research Station of Soil and Water Research Institute, Karaj, Iran, in 2005. The experiment consisted of four factors, each at two levels such as: urban compost (0 and 10 t/ha), Phosphate-solubilizing microorganisms (PSB) as check and bacteria, apatite (0 and 1 t/ha) and phosphor (P) inoculated with oxidative Thiobacillus bacteria (0 and 4 t/ha).. The results showed that the highest yield (9600 kg/ha) was obtaind for the application of compost and Bacillus megaterium treatment. For the factors in which only apatites was used, yielded the lowest value (6937 kg/ha) as compared to the check (7700 kg/ha). Indeed, interaction effects of compost and Bacillus megaterium was significant (P &lt;0.05) for yield. Application of apatite in alkality soils not only did not increase phosphorus solubles, but had a negative effect on the soil characteristics and plant growth. It is suggested that application of compost and Bacillus megaterium promote the accessability of plant to nutrients like phosphor and consequently will increase yield production of corn in the field. Manuscript profile
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        261 - Effect of integrated mechanical and chemical methods on yield and yield components of corn in Karaj region, Iran.
        Arash Roozbahani ghorban normohammadi hamid Rahimian Mashhadi mohmmadali Baghestani eskandar zand
        &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; The study was carried out to evaluate the effect of integrated mechanical and chemical weed control aspects on yield and yield components of corn, <em>Zea mays </em>L., in 2005-2006 at agricultural research station of weed research department of Irani More
        &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; The study was carried out to evaluate the effect of integrated mechanical and chemical weed control aspects on yield and yield components of corn, <em>Zea mays </em>L., in 2005-2006 at agricultural research station of weed research department of Iranian research institute of&nbsp; plant protection in Karaj region. The experiment was designed as split plot based on randomized complete block design with three replications. Factors were cultivation numbers (no cultivation or control, one time at 10 cm height of corn, and two times at 20 and 30 cm height of corn) and five chemical treatments including mixture of 1 lit. Atrazine and 5 lit. Alachlor (recommended dose), reduced doses of Atrazine and Alachlor&rsquo;s mixture up to 25%, 50%, 75%, and a control. Yield and yield components including numbers of row/silk, numbers of grain/row and 100 grain weight were measured and analyzed statistically. The results showed that the effect of all treatments on all measured traits were significant. Among different mechanical treatment levels, two times applying of cultivator was better than one times cultivation and control. 75% reduced dose of Atrazine and Alachlor&rsquo;s mixture and recommended dose of the herbicide were superior to the others and resulted in decrease of weed dry matter and increased yield and yield components of corn. Finally, it was recommended that mentioned integrated weed management approaches should be applied to reduce herbicide use, supress weeds and increase yield and yield components of corn in Karaj and similar regions. Manuscript profile
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        262 - A genetic study of agronomic traits of corn inbred lines using a diallel graphic analysis
        Mahdi Zare rajab choukan mohammadreza bihamta islam majidi heravan
        &nbsp; &nbsp;In 2007, seven inbred lines of corn were crossed based on a complete diallel cross design. The parents and 42 subsequent hybrids were planted at the research field of Seed and Plant Improvement Research Institute in Karaj using a randomized complete block d More
        &nbsp; &nbsp;In 2007, seven inbred lines of corn were crossed based on a complete diallel cross design. The parents and 42 subsequent hybrids were planted at the research field of Seed and Plant Improvement Research Institute in Karaj using a randomized complete block design with three replications. Yield and other agronomic traits were measured. Hayman method was used for data analysis. The results indicated over dominance gene effects for anthesis-silking interval, days from silking to physiological maturity, plant height, ear length, hundred grain weight, seed depth, number of kernels per row and grain yield. Gene effects for days to physiological maturity, ear leaf area, stamen leaf area and number of rows per ear were partial dominance. The broad sense heritability ranged between 10.7% and 93.1% for 100-grain weight and number of rows per ear and narrow sense heritabilities were estimated between 1% and 85% for grain yield and number of rows per ear, respectively. Non-additive genetic effects were predominant to control of all traits except days to physiological maturity, ear leaf area, stamen leaf area and number of rows per ear. The parents which had the highest number of dominant and recessive genes for different traits were: in respects of anthesis-silking interval, lines, No. 6 and 5, days to physiological maturity lines, No. 7 and 3, days from silking to physiological maturity lines, No. 2 and 3, plant height lines, No. 6 and, ear leaf area, lines No. 1 and 4 were selected. For stamen leaf area, lines No. 4 and 2, ear length and number of kernels per row lines, No. 3 and 2, 100-grain weight and number of rows per ear, lines No. 3 and 5, grain depth, lines No. 6 and 4 and grain yield, lines No. 5 and 2 could be selected for further breeding programs. Manuscript profile
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        263 - Effect of crop density and application of reduced dosages of two post-emergence herbicides on broadleaf weeds biomass and yield and yield components of broomcorn (Sorghum vulgare var. technicum)
        Hamed Raeisi Jahanfar Daneshian Mohammad Ali Baghestani Soleiman Jamshidi
        To evaluate the effect of crop density and application of reduced dosage of two post&shy;-emergence herbicides on broom yield of broomcorn, an experiment was carried out in 2011 as factorial based on a randomized complete block design with three replications in Miyaneh More
        To evaluate the effect of crop density and application of reduced dosage of two post&shy;-emergence herbicides on broom yield of broomcorn, an experiment was carried out in 2011 as factorial based on a randomized complete block design with three replications in Miyaneh region. Treatments were crop densities of 17, 24 and 31 plant. m<sup>-2</sup> and herbicides including 2,4-D&shy;+&shy;MCPA and bromoxynil&shy;+&shy;MCPA with recommended, 20% and 40% reduced dosages. For each crop density, a hand weeding plot were considered as control. Results showed that weed biomass was decreased with crop density increasing, and recommended dosage of bromoxynil +&shy; MCPA was the most effective herbicide treatments in most sampling stages. Also, increasing crop density resulted in increased leaf number and leaf, stalk and panicle dry weight. Besides, broom yield and production efforts were significantly increased with increasing plant density. The highest broom yield was obtained with application of bromoxynil&shy; + &shy;MCPA and 2,4-D&shy; + &shy;MCPA in recommended dosages. The effect of recommended and 20% decreased dosages of bromoxynil &shy;+ &shy;MCPA was similar on broom yield improvement. Regarding to the obtained results, plantin density of 31 plant.m<sup>-2</sup> and 20% of recommended dosage of bromoxynil&shy; +&shy; MCPA application is recommended to weed control and broomcorn yield increment in Miyaneh region. Manuscript profile
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        264 - Effect of seed priming and their interaction on germination and seedlings characteristics of corn SC‌704 (Zea mays L.)
        Mehdi Ramezani Reza Rezaei sokht Abandani
        &nbsp; In order to study the priming effect on germination and seedling characteristics of a&nbsp;single cross corn (SC&shy;704), an experiment was carried out as a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications at Agricultural and Natural Resources Res More
        &nbsp; In order to study the priming effect on germination and seedling characteristics of a&nbsp;single cross corn (SC&shy;704), an experiment was carried out as a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications at Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center, Mazandaran province (Sari) in 2010. Treatments included seed priming with poly ethylene glycol (PEG) at concentration of 10&shy;%, potassium nitrate (KNO<sub>3</sub>) 0.5&shy;%, potassium chloride (KCl) 2&shy;%, normal water and a control (no priming). The results showed that the maximum germination rate was occurred for a&nbsp; pretreatment with poly ethylene glycol 10&shy;% and hydropriming (water). The lowest shoot wet weight and germination rate was obtained for osmopriming of potassium chloride 2&shy;%. Maximum germination rate index, average germination time and mean daily germination was observed in the control and osmopriming with <br /> KCl 2&shy;% and the highest ratio of dry weight R/S was obtained in potassium chloride 2&shy;% pretreatment. Also the weighted index of seedling vigor was obtained by seed pretreatment with polyethylene glycol 10&shy;%. In conclusion, the results of this study revealed that priming procedure improved seed germination of corn hybrid SC&shy;704 and increased seed emergence rate could eventually increase its performance. According to the results, priming by polyethylene glycol 6000 (PEG 6000) 10&shy;% and hydropriming (pure water) for 24 hours is recommended. Manuscript profile
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        265 - Population fluctuation of broom corn aphid parasitoids in Miyaneh region, Iran
        Shahram Shahrokhi Habibollah Khodabandeh Koroush Siami
        Aphids are the most injurious pests of broom corn in Miyaneh region, Iran. Chemicals are used in different times for plant protection by farmers, regardless to natural enemy activity. Identification of native natural enemies is essential in integrated pest management pr More
        Aphids are the most injurious pests of broom corn in Miyaneh region, Iran. Chemicals are used in different times for plant protection by farmers, regardless to natural enemy activity. Identification of native natural enemies is essential in integrated pest management programs. In this research, broom corn aphid parasitoids were collected and identified and their population fluctuations were also studied in comparison to their aphid hosts. For this purpose, aphid colonies were sampled and mummies were collected. Live aphids were also reared on broom corn seedlings for 10 days to select parasitized aphids from unparasitized ones. Results revealed that, there were two aphid species in broom corn fields of Miyaneh region, including <em>Schizaphis graminum </em>and <em>Rhopalosiphum maidis. </em>Parasitoids were collected on both mentioned aphids and were belong to genus <em>Aphelinus</em>, family Aphelinidae. High parasitoid population was seen when aphid population was high, and vise versa. Significant positive correlation of aphid and parasitoid populations was duo to host specificity and might be a criterion of effective natural enemies. Manuscript profile
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        266 - Biology and population fluctuation of broom corn aphids in Miyaneh region, Iran
        Shahram Shahrokhi Habib Ollah Khodabandeh Koroush Siami
        Broom corn is one of the most important crops in Miyaneh region, Iran. Aphids are major pests of the crop and farmers use different chemicals to their control in several times. In this research, broom corn aphids were collected and identified. Population fluctuation of More
        Broom corn is one of the most important crops in Miyaneh region, Iran. Aphids are major pests of the crop and farmers use different chemicals to their control in several times. In this research, broom corn aphids were collected and identified. Population fluctuation of the aphids was also investigated by weekly sampling and their biological characteristics were studied using leaf cages. The results revealed that, there were two species including <em>Schizaphis graminum</em> and <em>Rhopalosiphum maidis</em> in broom corn fields. Population peak of <em>S.</em><em> graminum</em> (mean number of 10.725 aphids per tiller) was observed in June and decreased rapidly in July. <em>R. maidis</em> appeared later than <em>S. graminum, </em>but it was the most injurious aphid species of&nbsp; broom corn during all growing season. <em>R. maidis</em> population and it&rsquo;s honeydew covered some plants and caused necrosis so that it&rsquo;s number reached more than 1000 aphids per tiller. Mean number of this species reached to 114.75 aphids per tiller and then decreased rapidly. In laboratory studies, mortality rate of <em>S. graminum</em> and&nbsp; <em>R. maidis</em> on broom corn leaves was relatively low (3.2 and 5.6 percent). Nymphs of both species matured in less than 10 days. Mean longevity and mean fertility of mentioned aphid species was 28.2 and 32.6 days and 41.84 and 49.7 nymphs per female respectively. Mean generation time of <em>S. graminum</em> and R<em>. maidis</em> was also 11.3 and 10.9 days respectively. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        267 - Population fluctuations of broom corn aphid specific predators in Miyaneh region, Iran
        Shahram Shahrokhi Habib Ollah Khodabandeh Koroush Siami Jaber Davoodi
        Aphids are the most important pests of broom corn, <em>Sorghum cernuum</em>, in Miyaneh region and chemical pesticides are severally used for plant protection by farmers regardless to beneficial insect&rsquo;s activity. With respect to the importance of conservation str More
        Aphids are the most important pests of broom corn, <em>Sorghum cernuum</em>, in Miyaneh region and chemical pesticides are severally used for plant protection by farmers regardless to beneficial insect&rsquo;s activity. With respect to the importance of conservation strategy of natural enemies in integrated pest management programs, aphid specific predators including lady beetles, flower flies and lacewings were collected and identified and their population fluctuation were compared to that of host aphids. Collection of predators was done by sweep net and visiting aphid colonies. The flower fly <em>Sphaerophoria scripta</em> , lacewing <em>Chrysoperla</em> <em>carnea, </em>and five species of lady beetles including: <em>Coccinella septempunctata, <br /> C. undecimpunctata</em>، ،<em>Hippodamia variegata، Scymnus </em>cf<em>. frontalis</em> and <em>Propylea</em> <em>quatuordecimpunctat</em> were&nbsp; collected from greenbug, <em>Schizaphis graminum </em>and maize leaf aphid, <em>Rhopalosiphum maidis </em>colonies. Synchronization and positive correlation of greenbug and flower fly populations was observed due to host specificity of<em> Sphaerophoria scripta</em> . Among lady beetles, <em>Scymnus</em> cf. <em>frontalis</em> was the most frequent and important species due to oviposition on broom corn and it&rsquo;s population showed positive significant correlation with that of maize leaf aphid. However adult lacewing<em> Chrysoperla</em> <em>carnea </em>is a carbohydrate feeder and did not lay any egg on the field, and so it had not any role in controling aphid populations of broom corn. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        268 - Effect of planting date on some morphological and phenological traits of corn (Zea mays L.)
        Farshad Larki Nazanin Amirbakhtiar Mohsen Ghamari Seyed Ata-Allah Siyadat
        &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; In order to investigate the effect of planting date on some morphological and phenological traits of six medium maturity promising corn hybrids in the north of Khuzestan, an experiment was conducted as a split plot based on a randomized complete block More
        &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; In order to investigate the effect of planting date on some morphological and phenological traits of six medium maturity promising corn hybrids in the north of Khuzestan, an experiment was conducted as a split plot based on a randomized complete block design with four replications at Safi-Abad Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center of Khuzestan in 2008. Main plots included six planting dates (June 30<sup>th</sup>, July 7<sup>th</sup>, 14<sup>th</sup>, 21<sup>st</sup> and 28<sup>th</sup> and August 4<sup>th</sup>) and sub plots consisted of six hybrids of corn and the hybrid SC704 was considered as a control. Results showed that both vegetative growth period, growing degree-day (GDD) and total growth were influenced by planting date and variety. The highest GDD was obtained at first planting date. Among different planting dates, maximum plant height was obtained on August 4<sup>th</sup> with 203 cm. Among different hybrids, maximum plant height related to SC 704 with 190 cm. Both ear length and first ear height had an increasing trend toward the late planting dates. By considering the corn-wheat rotation and harvesting problems of summer corn in Khuzestan province, planting date on July 28 is suggested for warm climates like Khouzestan. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        269 - The effect of sowing date on weeds population and identification dominant species in chickpea farm
        Ehsan fathi Iraj Tahmasebi Nasrin Teimoori
        10.22034/aej.2016.523928
        <strong>ABSTRACT</strong><strong>&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;</strong>An experiment was carried out as a factorial based on completely randomized design in three replication to determinate damages caused by weeds in three different planting dates and identification of dominant w More
        <strong>ABSTRACT</strong><strong>&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;</strong>An experiment was carried out as a factorial based on completely randomized design in three replication to determinate damages caused by weeds in three different planting dates and identification of dominant weed species in chickpea farms in Kurdistan University Research Farm located in Dehgolan during the cropping year of 2012-13. The three experiment factors were conducted as follows: the first factor, sowing date in three levels of autumn, waiting and spring, the second factor in two levels of weed interference and non-interference and the third factor was chickpea cultivars including ILC482, Azad, Arman, Pirouz and Kaka. Abundance of weed species in autumn sowing was higher than waiting and spring planting. <em>Galium tricornotum</em>, <em>Turgenia latifolia</em> and <em>Geranium tubrosum </em>were dominant species in pea farm.<em> Galium tricornotum</em> and <em>Turgenia latifolia</em> were the most abundant species in autumn sowing.<em> Turgenia latifolia</em> and <em>convolvulus arvensis </em>were the most abundant species in witing and spring planting, respectively. The highest relative density in autumn sowing date was obtained from <em>Turgenia latifolia</em>. <em>Turgenia latifolia</em> had almost 50% of relative importance of all weed species in autumn sowing. <em>Turgenia latifolia</em>, <em>Galium Tricornotum</em> and <em>convolvulus arvensis</em> make it difficult to harvest chickpea because of their morphological characteristics and growth traits. The highest density of weed species was recorded in autumn sowing date. Due to high density of weed species in different plantings, if they were not controlled, remarkable reduction in chickpea yield would be predictable, especially in spring sowing which is faced with moisture deficiency during growth. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        270 - Comparison of the yield and yield components of maize hybrids in second cropping in Khoy region
        Javad Khalili Mahalleh Mohsen Roshdi Sasan Rezadoost
        In order to comparisation of yield, yield components and morphologic characteristics of maize hybrids in second cropping in Khoy region, an experiment was carried out in summer 2004 in research farm of Islamic Azad University, Khoy branch. In this experiment, seven hybr More
        In order to comparisation of yield, yield components and morphologic characteristics of maize hybrids in second cropping in Khoy region, an experiment was carried out in summer 2004 in research farm of Islamic Azad University, Khoy branch. In this experiment, seven hybrids of maize including very early ripening hybrid K.S.0 108, early ripening hybrids K.S.0 301, K.S.0 303, hybrid K.S.0 404, semi delay ripening hybrids K.S.0 600, K.S.0 604 and K.S.0 647 comparised by randomized complete block design in four replications. Tenth of July was determined as Planting date of all experimental varieties. Maximum dry matter, fresh fodder, leaf dry weight, stem dry weight, stem height and stem diameter obtained in 647 three way cross hybrid and highest leaf area index obtained in K.S.0 404. uppest ear/shoot ratio obtained in K.S.0 303 and the highest ear dry weight obtained in 600 hybrid variety. Result of this study showed that 647 T.W.0 hybrid corn is the best silage corn hybrid for secondary cropping in khoy region. Manuscript profile
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        271 - The effect of N-fertilizer sources and amounts on yield and yield components of corn, Single Cross 704 cultivar
        Ali Faramarzi Soleiman Jamshidi Koroush Siami
        In order to evaluation of N-Fertilizer sources and amounts effect on yield and its components in single cross 704 corn, an experiment was conducted in research field of Islamic Azad University-Miyaneh branch. In this study, two levels of&nbsp; N-Fertilizer including Amo More
        In order to evaluation of N-Fertilizer sources and amounts effect on yield and its components in single cross 704 corn, an experiment was conducted in research field of Islamic Azad University-Miyaneh branch. In this study, two levels of&nbsp; N-Fertilizer including Amonium Nitrate and Urea with amounts including 100, 160 and 220 Kg of pure Nitrogen per hactar as a factorial design in compeletly randomized blockes with four replications was run. One of plots in each treatment was considered as control without N-Fertilizer receiving. Plants was planted as farrow system on the rows with 75 cm intervals and 67.000 plants/ha density in 23<sup>th</sup> of Ordibehesht. N-Fertilizers were applied in three times including simultaneously with planting, four and eight leave stages as top dressing. The plants were selected from 5 m<sup>2</sup> of three middle rows for determining of seed yield and biological yield in physiological ripping stage and 15 plants randomizly were selected from each plots for yield component and head numbers in a plant in row and seed number in row were counted and 1000 seeds weight was evaluated. It is revealed that Amonium Nitrate application has higher yield than Urea application and 160 and 220 Kg/ha of pure Nitrogen has the same or more then yield of control and 100 Kg/ha treatment. The reason of high yield in Amonium Nitrate treatment has contributed with corn efficiency in Nitrogen Uptake. Low yield in Urea treatment is related to Nitrogen wasting by sublimitation and washing. Manuscript profile
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        272 - Effect of micronutrients application methods on concentration of elements in leaf and kernel of Zea mays L. cv. Jeta
        Elnaz Farajzadeh Memari Tabrizi mehrdad yarniya vahid ahmadzadeh nushin Farajzadeh Memari Tabrizi
        <em>&nbsp;</em>To evaluate the effect of different micronutrients application methods on concentration of elements in leaf and kernel of <em>Zea mays</em> L. cv. Jeta, an experiment was conducted as a randomized complete block design based factorial with three replicati More
        <em>&nbsp;</em>To evaluate the effect of different micronutrients application methods on concentration of elements in leaf and kernel of <em>Zea mays</em> L. cv. Jeta, an experiment was conducted as a randomized complete block design based factorial with three replications in Tabriz in 2008. Factors consisted of micronutrients (ZnSO4, MnSO4, H3BO3, FeSO4 and complete fertilizer) and three methods of micronutrients application (soil application, seed coating and foliar application) and no micronutrient was used in the control traetment. The results showed that the effect of different fertilizers and methods of their applications was significant on the yield at 1% of probability level. The highest yield (200.5 g per plan) was obtained by foliar application of ZnSO4 with 59 and 109.96 percent increase compared to foliar application of complete fertilizer and control treatments, respectively. Seed coating by H3BO3 prevented ear production. The results also showed that the effect of different micro fertilizers and different application methods was significant on concentration of nutrient elements in kernels and leaves at 1% of probability level. In foliar application of fertilizers mixture, H3BO3 amount reached to 63.5 and 13.91 mg in leaves and kernels, respectively, with an increase of 3.23 and 74.96 % compared to the control. Foliar application by FeSO4 increased it's concentration up to 157.7 and 5.5 percent in the leaves and kernels, respectively. Foliar application by complete fertilizer on leaves and fertilizers mixture in kernel resulted in 154.54 and 24.25 percent Mn concentration increase in corn leaves and kernels, respectively. Foliar application of ZnSO4 was also effective so that it caused of 201.95 and 149.59 percent increase in this element concentration in leaves and kernels compared to the control, respectively. It could be concluded that easy access to micro elements and their optimum application could increase their concentration in corn kernels leading to providing them in human body. Manuscript profile
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        273 - Effect of tillage procedures and nitrogen fertilizer on the forage production and some agronomic characters of silage maize (Zea mays L.) cv. KSC704
        Mohammad Nasiri Mehdi Mianaji Seyyed Alimohammad Borgheei
        &nbsp;Effects of different tillage systems and nitrogen fertilizer levels on forage production and some agronomic traits of silage maize (<em>Zea</em> <em>mays</em> L.) cv. KSC704 were studied. A split plot experiment based on a randomized complete block design with thr More
        &nbsp;Effects of different tillage systems and nitrogen fertilizer levels on forage production and some agronomic traits of silage maize (<em>Zea</em> <em>mays</em> L.) cv. KSC704 were studied. A split plot experiment based on a randomized complete block design with three replications was conducted. Three procedures of tillage (moldboard plow with disc, sweep with disc and double discs) and three nitrogen levels (100, 200 and 300 kg.ha<sup>-1</sup>) were applied. Plant height, leaf number, fresh weight, ear length and diameter, dry weight and forage production were measured. The effect of nitrogen levels on height, fresh weight, dry weight and silage production were significant. The maximum forage yield (51575.3 kg.ha<sup>-1</sup>) was obtained by 300 kg.ha<sup>-1</sup> nitrogen application. The effect of tillage procedures on fresh weight, dry weight and forage production of silage were also significant. The maximum forage yield (49911.9 kg.ha<sup>-1</sup>) was obtained for the sweep along with disc treatment. The effect of nitrogen levels and tillage systems on fresh weight and forage yield of silage maize were also significant. The maximum forage production (53582.3 kg.ha<sup>-1</sup>) was obtained by double discs with an application of 300 kg.ha<sup>-1</sup> nitrogen. <br />&nbsp; Manuscript profile
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        274 - Corn leaf area variation under different durational interference of natural weed populations
        Saeed Reza Yaghoobi
        &nbsp;&nbsp; In order to study the effect of periodical weed interference on corn leaf area, a field experiment was conducted at Mazandaran university, Iran in 2006. Eight experimental treatments were arranged in randomized complete block design with three replications. More
        &nbsp;&nbsp; In order to study the effect of periodical weed interference on corn leaf area, a field experiment was conducted at Mazandaran university, Iran in 2006. Eight experimental treatments were arranged in randomized complete block design with three replications. The treatments were represented as weed interference up to 4, 6, 8 and 10-leaf, tasseling, and two weeks after tasseling stages. The weed interference up to harvest and weed-free up to harvest stage treatments were also considered as control. The corn leaf area influenced significantly by periodical weed interference but leaf number per plant was not affected by durational weed interference. Greatest corn leaf area was observed in weed free up to harvest (control) and weed interference up to 4 leaf stage treatments. Increasing weed interference period more than corn 6 leaf stage significantly reduced corn leaf area to lesser than 1 m<sup>2</sup> per plant. Long term weed competition changed the corn canopy structure so that the greatest leaf area percentage was attributed to upper levels of canopy. However, leaf area percentage remained constant in lower canopy levels. Results showed that increasing of weed interference period reduced corn leaf area but did not affect leaf numbers per plant and corn compensated this deficiency by changing canopy structure and attributing more leaf area to higher levels of canopy. Manuscript profile
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        275 - Response of yield related traits in three grain corn hybrids to weed competition periods
        Bahram Mirshekari hojjat Shahi Ahmad Abad alireza Valad Abadi adel Dabbage Mohammadi Nasab
        In order to investigate the response of yield related traits in three grain corn hybrids to weed competition periods, a factorial experiment was conducted in research station of agriculture faculty of Islamic Azad university of Tabriz based on randomized complete block More
        In order to investigate the response of yield related traits in three grain corn hybrids to weed competition periods, a factorial experiment was conducted in research station of agriculture faculty of Islamic Azad university of Tabriz based on randomized complete block design in three replicates in 2007. The treatments were combination of weed interference periods (interference until 2&ndash;4, 4&ndash;6, and 6&ndash;8 leaf stages of corn, full season weed&nbsp; interference and weed free control plot) and&nbsp; three corn hybrids (504 , 604 and 704). Results showed that the traits such as stem height, number of grain row per maize, and grain yield were significantly influenced by corn hybrids, But by weed interference treatments. Results indicated that biological yield, dry weight of stem, leaf and maize were affected by weed interference treatments and reduced 25%, 22%, 23% and 32%, respectively in full season weed&nbsp; interference treatment. 504 Hybrid with stem height of 169 cm, grain yield of 5.8 tha<sup>-1</sup> and biological yield 11.6 tha<sup>-1</sup> was better than 604 and 704 hybrids. In interference treatments, weed free control plot showed the best result. Manuscript profile
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        276 - Investigation on the effect of nitrogen and micronutrient amounts and fertilizing methods on corn (S.C. 704) yield in Kerman condition, Iran
        Farhad Homayoonfar Ali Reza Bahraminejad
        &nbsp;&nbsp; In order to investigate the effect of nitrogen and micronutrient amounts and fertilizing methods on corn (S.C. 704) quantity, an experiment was carried out at research station of Islamic Azad University, Kerman branch in 2005. The experimental design was th More
        &nbsp;&nbsp; In order to investigate the effect of nitrogen and micronutrient amounts and fertilizing methods on corn (S.C. 704) quantity, an experiment was carried out at research station of Islamic Azad University, Kerman branch in 2005. The experimental design was the split split plot based on completely randomized block design (BCRD) with 3 replications. Source of nitrogen fertilizer, Urea, were considered in three levels (300, 450 and 600 Kg/ha) as the major plots with (&nbsp;and ) fertilizer divide methods of each as the subplots. The micronutrient factor was also considered in two levels (0 and 3 ppm) as sub-subplots. Cultivation was performed as furrow system with 75cm between rows and 15cm between plants on the rows in 30<sup>th</sup> April. Nitrogen fertilizer was sprinkled in three time stages: synchronous with cultivation and 4 and 8 leave stages through fertilizing methods. The micronutrients was also sprinkled in 4 leave stage in two consecutive weeks. Plants were selected from 5m<sup>2</sup> of three middle rows for determination of grain and biological performance at physiological ripening time. 15 plants were also selected randomly for measuring yield components. The quantity characteristics of corn, number of row in each corn, number of seed in each row, total weight of plant and weight of 1000 seeds were determined. According to the results, using 600 Kg/ha of Urea with &nbsp;fertilizer dividing method resulted in higher yield than other treatments. Also, micronutrient application at 3ppm level only significantly improved total weight of plants and weight of 1000 seeds. Manuscript profile
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        277 - The effects of planting date, plant density and planting pattern on grain yield and qualities of grain corn Variety K.S.C647 in the region Beyranshahr (Lorestan).
        hadi khavari ali khorhami karim khademi behrouz amiraei
        With due attention to the conditions of climate in Beyranshahr (lorestan). and for controlling about fair recommend , date of planting , also determining about the fair way of adornment , of planting , in other words , accumulation of desired crucible in Hectare unit fo More
        With due attention to the conditions of climate in Beyranshahr (lorestan). and for controlling about fair recommend , date of planting , also determining about the fair way of adornment , of planting , in other words , accumulation of desired crucible in Hectare unit for&nbsp; K.S.C 647 digit . This plan based on the way split Factorial in the model of random blocks, four repeat, in village of gollab (Beyranshahr &ndash; Lorestan), was done. In these experiments from the stage of planting to harvesting , constant taking note about researches of maize , height of crucible , roasted maize &ndash; number of days reading physiology , measuring functions particles , such as number of seeds in a row, number of seed row , weight of&nbsp; roasted maize seed , weight of seed thousand , dry weight of roasted maize wood , function biologic , height of crucible , planting indicator , indicator of leaf surface , number of ending leaf , about every patient will do and calculate . The summary of resulting about experiment and contrasting of average of simple effects, and against measured characteristics, would show that simple effect of planting date and effect of planting adornment against seed function isn&rsquo;t meaning less. But most of seed function in crucible accumulation, earned was (85/000). Those 14.653 tons in every Hectare In against effects of planting date , accumulation of&nbsp; crucible and planting adornment the most seed function in date of second planting (31/May/2014) and seed accumulating (85/000) at distance of lines 25 cm (two rows) with 15/849 tons in Hectare will be attained . In this research, for this region, we recommend, date of second planting (31/May/2014) and seed accumulation (85/000). For germinating and grow thing of maize plant, we will have a Fair opportunity, planting characters tics and seed function, will have a fair development. In the end, the part of source will be supported and seed function will be increased. In the meantime, we don&rsquo;t recommend the date of third planting, because there isn&rsquo;t enough opportunity for decreasing the wet of maize seed in the farm, and it isn&rsquo;t available to have a bed for other product. <br />&nbsp; Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        278 - The effects of biological and chemical fertilizers to use salicylic acid on morphological characteristics and yield of corn
        fedora taheri amin fathi
        In order to examine the effects of biological and chemical fertilizers with the use of salicylic acid on the agronomic characteristics of corn as a factorial experiment in randomized complete block design with three replications at the Agricultural Research Station in 2 More
        In order to examine the effects of biological and chemical fertilizers with the use of salicylic acid on the agronomic characteristics of corn as a factorial experiment in randomized complete block design with three replications at the Agricultural Research Station in 2011 was Boroujerd. Factors examined included three levels of phosphorus fertilizer (0, 100 and 150 kg ha), two levels of biological fertilizer (mycorrhizal fungi) (seed inoculation and seed inoculation) and two levels of salicylic acid (0/5 and 1 mM), respectively. The results showed that phosphorus fertilizer and mycorrhizal significant effect on plant height, stem diameter, ear length, ear diameter, grain yield and biological yield, respectively, with the application of 150 kg P ha grain yield of 9006 kg was found that 48% More the treatment of non-usage. In the case of seed inoculation with mycorrhiza on the amount of 8412 kg per hectare, respectively, which was 24% higher than the treatment of non-inoculated seeds. Salicylic acid has a significant effect on plant height, stem diameter, ear length, ear diameter, grain yield and biological yield and harvest index. The application of 1 mM salicylic acid yield of 8316 kg per hectare, respectively, which was 24% higher than the treatment of non-use. Phosphorus and mycorrhiza interaction on grain yield and biological yield was significant. Salicylic acid and phosphorus interaction and effect on yield only three treatments was significant Manuscript profile

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