Green Synthesis of Pd NPs/ Crataegus Kernel Catalyst using Lotus corniculatus L. Extract for the Reduction of 4-nitrophenol and Hexavalent Chromium

Subject Areas : Catalyst chemistry

Bahar Khodadadi ¹ , Maryam Bordbar ² , Fatemeh Hamidirad ³

1 - Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Qom
2 - Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Qom, Qom, Iran
3 - Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Qom, Qom, Iran

Received: 2024-05-22 Accepted : 2024-08-10 Published : 2024-12-24

Keywords: Pd NPs, Crataegus kernel, Green synthesis, Lotus corniculatus L. extract, Chromium (VI), 4-NP,

Abstract :

Nitrophenol compounds and hexavalent Chromium are two of the most harmful pollutants in wastewaters widely used in various industries. Therefore, removal of these harmful pollutants is essential. In this research, the extract of the plant of Lotus corniculatus L. was used for green synthesis of Pd nanoparticles (NPs) supported on Crataegus kernel as an environmentally benign support. Pd NPs/ Crataegus kernel as an effective catalyst was prepared through the reduction of Pd+2 ions using Lotus corniculatus L. extract as the reducing and capping agent and Pd NPs immobilization on Crataegus kernel surface in the absence of any stabilizer or surfactant. According to FT-IR analysis, the hydroxyl groups of phenolic in Lotus corniculatus L. extract as bioreductant agents are directly responsible for the reduction of Pd+2 ions and the formation of Pd NPs. The asprepared catalyst was characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and UV-Vis spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) equipped with an energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD). The synthesized catalyst was used in the reduction of chromium (VI) and 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) at room temperature. The Pd NPs/ Crataegus kernel showed excellent catalytic activity in the reduction of these compounds. In addition, it was found that Pd NPs/ Crataegus kernel can be recovered and reused several times without significant loss of catalytic activity.