Population fluctuation of broom corn aphid parasitoids in Miyaneh region, Iran

Subject Areas : Agroecology Journal

Shahram Shahrokhi ¹ , Habibollah Khodabandeh ² , Koroush Siami ³

1 - Ph. D. in Entomology, Islamic Azad University, Miyaneh Branch
2 - M. Sc. in Entomology, Islamic Azad University, Miyaneh Branch
3 - M. Sc. in Agronomy, Islamic Azad University, Miyaneh Branch

Received: 2007-11-03 Accepted : 2008-02-09 Published : 2008-01-21

Keywords: Miyaneh, Aphid, Broom corn, Population fluctuation, parasitoid,

Abstract :

Aphids are the most injurious pests of broom corn in Miyaneh region, Iran. Chemicals are used in different times for plant protection by farmers, regardless to natural enemy activity. Identification of native natural enemies is essential in integrated pest management programs. In this research, broom corn aphid parasitoids were collected and identified and their population fluctuations were also studied in comparison to their aphid hosts. For this purpose, aphid colonies were sampled and mummies were collected. Live aphids were also reared on broom corn seedlings for 10 days to select parasitized aphids from unparasitized ones. Results revealed that, there were two aphid species in broom corn fields of Miyaneh region, including Schizaphis graminum and Rhopalosiphum maidis. Parasitoids were collected on both mentioned aphids and were belong to genus Aphelinus, family Aphelinidae. High parasitoid population was seen when aphid population was high, and vise versa. Significant positive correlation of aphid and parasitoid populations was duo to host specificity and might be a criterion of effective natural enemies.

References:

- احمدی، ع. ا. و ع. سر افرازی. 1372. انتشار و دشمنان طبیعی شته روسی گندم
  Diuraphis noxia (Mordvilko) در استان فارس. یازدهمین کنگره گیاه پزشکی ایران، دانشگاه گیلان، صفحه 1.

2- امیر نظری، م. 1379. بررسی فونستیک شته‌های مزارع گندم و دشمنان طبیعی آن‌ها در منطقه کرج.
پایان نامه کارشناسی ارشد واحد علوم و تحقیقات دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، 71 صفحه.

3- دولتی، ل. 1373. بررسی بیولوژی شته روسی گندم و پراکندگی آن در استان تهران. پایان نامه کارشناسی ارشد دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه تهران، 180 صقحه.

4- زارع، ن، د. گونزالز، ع. احمدی، م. اسماعیلی، م. میلانی، و. سلیمی، پ. استاری، و. گیلز تاپ، و م. تامپسون. 1374. بررسی شته روسی گندم و دشمنان طبیعی آن در ایران. دوازدهمین کنگره گیاه پزشکی ایران، آموزشکده کشاورزی کرج، صفحه 12.

 

5. Barbulescu, A. 1975. Duration and number of the generations of the cereal greenbug (schizaphis graminum). Analele Institutuiui de cercetari pentru cereale si plante Tehnice Fundulea 40: 221-230.

6. Carter, N., M. F. G. McLean, A. D. Watt, and A. F. G. Dixon, 1980. Cereal aphids. A case study and review. Applied Biology, 5: 271-348.

7. Chambers, R. J., K. D. Sunderland, D. L. Stacey, and I. J. Wyatt. 1986. Control of cereal aphids in winter wheat by natural enemies: aphid specific predators, Parasitoids and Pathogenic fungi. Ann. Appl. Biol., 108: 219- 231.

8. Chang, C. P. and M. N. Feng. 1984. Studies on the resistance of Sorghum varieties to the Sorghum aphid, Melanaphis sacchari. Chinese Journal of Entomology, 4(1): 97-105.

9. Chen, K. and K. R. Hopper. 1990. Diuraphis noxia Population dynamics and impact of natural enemies in the Montpellier region of southern France. Environ. Entomol., 26 (4): 866-875.

10. Dixon, A. F. G. 1987. Cereal aphids as an applied problem. Agric. Zool. Rev., 2: 1-57.

11. El Ibrashy, M. T., S. El Ziady, A. A.Riad, M. T. Ibrashy, and S. E. Ziady. 1972. Laboratory studies on the biology of the corn leaf aphid, Rhopalosiphum maidis. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 15(2): 166-174.

12. Gilstrap, F. E., T. J. Kring, and G. W. Brooks. 1984. Parasitism of aphids (Hom.: Aphididae) associated with Texas sorghum. Environmental Entomology, 13(6): 1613-1617.

13. Gravena, S. 1979. Population dynamics of the greenbug , Schizaphis graminum and its natural enemies associated with grain Sorghum in Jaboticabal, Soa Paulo, Barzil. Anais da Sociedade Entomologica do Brasil, 8(2): 325-334.

14. Jervis, M. and N. Kidd. 1996. Insect Natural Enemies, Practical approaches to their study and evaluation. Chapman and Hall, 491 pp.

15. Krishan, S., V. S. Shukla, R. C. Tripathi, V. P. Agnihotri, and K. Singh. 1974. Effect of host nutrition on the multiplication of Melanaphis indosacchari . Indian Journal of Agricultural Science, 44 (1): 14-17.

16. Mackauer, M. and F. J. Chow. 1986.Parasites and parasite impact on aphid populations. In: G. D. McLean, R. G. Garret, and W. G. Ruesink. (eds.). Plant virus epidemics. Monitoring, modelling and predictings outbreaks. Sydney, Academic press, pp. 95-118.

17. Malinovskii, B. N. and G. S. Budnik. 1981. Breeding Sorghum for aphid resistance. Selektsiya semenovord, 109: 12-18.

18. Mitic-Muzina, N., Z. Srdic, and N. Muzina. 1977. Distribution and natural enemies of Macrosiphum (Sitobion) avenae Fabr. (Hom.: Aphididae) in Yugoslavia. Zastita Bilja, 28(3): 255-267.

19. Mote , V. N., M. D. Shinde, and D. R. Bapat. 1985. Screening of  Sorghum collections for resistance to aphids and oily malady on winter Sorghum. Sorghum Newsletters, 28: 13.

20. Rensburg, N. J. Van and N. J. Van- Rensburg. 1973. Population fluctuations of the sorghum aphid Melanaphis (Longiunguis) pyrarius (Passerini) from sacchari (Zehntner). Phytophylactica, 5(4): 127-134.

21. Rice, M. E. and G. E. Wilde. 1988.  Experimental evaluation of predators and parasitoids in suppressing greenbugs (Hom.: Aphididae) in sorghum and wheat. Environmental Entomology, 17(5): 836-841.

22. Starks, K. J. and R. L. Burton, G. L. Tetes, and E. A. Wood. 1976. Release of parasitoids to control greenbugs in sorghum. New Orleans, Louisiana, USA, Southern region, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture.

23. Susidko, P. I. and V. I. Skylar. 1974. Factors regulating the numbers of aphids on sorghum. Zashchita Rastenii, 10: 26.

24. Tripathi, R. N., S. Rajendra, and R. Singh. 1995. Hots specificity and seasonal distribution of Lysiphlebus mirzai Shuja-Uddin (Hym.: Braconidae). Biological Agriculture and Horticulture, 12(3): 283-294.