• List of Articles River

      • Open Access Article

        1 - Investigating the Effects of Dam Failure in the Downstream Lands Case Study: (Tangab Dam Of Firozabad)
        ALIREZA غلامیGHOLAMI EHSAN SOHRABI SHEKOFTI
        Introduction: The safety management of dams and structures in the first step requires the evaluation of the actual conditions in the rivers. In Iran, due to being located in a dry and semi-arid climate, special attention has been paid to dam construction in economic dev More
        Introduction: The safety management of dams and structures in the first step requires the evaluation of the actual conditions in the rivers. In Iran, due to being located in a dry and semi-arid climate, special attention has been paid to dam construction in economic development programs. Therefore, it is necessary to consider safety issues and points before building dams. The purpose of this research is to determine the flood trends caused by the dam failure and also the zoning of the flood caused by the failure in the downstream of the dam. Materials and Methods: This research is located in Tangab dam, 13 kilometers northwest of Firozabad city (Kwar-Firoozabad route), which is located on the Firozabad river. This river is the most important branch of Mond river.. In order to carry out this research, firstly, the studies related to the determination of the dam failure parameter, the determination of the failure shape and the time required to create the failure sections, and then the calculations of the flood discharge and the total discharge using 4 experimental methods including Crick-Patrick, America's water and soil protection, reclamation The lands of America, Singh and Storason were done and the results were modeled with HEC-RAS software. Results and Discussion: Based on the results obtained from the estimation of the flood discharge resulting from the dam failure based on the mentioned 4 experimental methods, it was found that the estimated discharge based on the two water and soil protection methods and the creek method was very close (30309 and 30270 cubic meters per second) to So that the difference in this amount is very small. This difference in flood trends and zoning is also very small. The amount of land under flood in both methods is 140 hectares of agricultural lands, 0.5 hectares of industrial lands and 90 hectares of lands in the river area. In the method of Singh and Storason, compared to the other three methods, it shows a lower discharge, according to this method, 133 hectares of agricultural lands are under flood and 84 hectares are in industrial areas. According to this method, industrial lands are not flooded. In the American land reclamation method, compared to the other three methods, it shows a larger discharge equal to 33914 cubic meters per second, as a result of which 161 hectares of agricultural lands, 1 hectare of industrial lands and 100 hectares in the river are flooded. Conclusion: The results of this research showed that the American land reclamation method is better than the other mentioned methods because it has estimated more flow in flood calculation. An important result of flood zoning resulting from the breaking of Tangab dam is that the urban area of Firozabad is safe from this flood and the villages are not flooded as far as the studied area is concerned. Based on the obtained results, it can be concluded that the result of the possible failure of the dam, based on this research, the flood caused by the failure of the dam, except for 1 hectare of the industrial sector, which is a very small area, will cause damage only to agricultural lands. Manuscript profile
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        2 - Flood Potential Evaluation of the Meandering Karkheh River Reach Using the Local Flood Hazard Index
        َAli Liaghat Reza Afshinsharifan
        Introduction: Meanders are one of the important geomorphological-hydrological forms, and in terms of the spatial displacements they carry out in the limits of the flood plains, they change the morphological dimensions of the river bed and flood plains. Due to their high More
        Introduction: Meanders are one of the important geomorphological-hydrological forms, and in terms of the spatial displacements they carry out in the limits of the flood plains, they change the morphological dimensions of the river bed and flood plains. Due to their high dynamics, these phenomena also cause major issues and problems in the boundaries of formation. Often, the presence of meanders shows the potential of the river for the occurrence of maximum discharges. In this research, areas with high flood potential in the meandering path of the Karkheh River have been identified using the local flood risk index (LFH). Materials and Methods: In this study, using the LFH index, the flood potential of the meandering paths of Karkheh River was evaluated. LFH is an index that is used to evaluate the potential of flood risk along the meandering path of the river. This index is computed using coefficients and morphological parameters of the catchment (roughness of the basin, drains density, roughness coefficient, elongation coefficient, etc. ) and meander geometric factors (meander length, meander curvature, arc angle, channel width, etc. ). Results and Discussion: The bank full flow rates were estimated using the length of the meander at 44 certain sections in the Karkheh River. results show that in the sections with the increasing meander lengths, flow rate will also be increased. In other words, high flow rates have passed through the large meander arcs. In these 44 sections, the highest discharge belongs to arch 41 with 2521 meters length (the longest arch) and 342.9 CMS flow. the distance of this arch from paypol station is 102.777 km. Also the lowest discharge belongs to arch 7 with 600 meters length (the shortest arch) and 25.88 CMS flow. the distance of arch 7 from paypol station is 15.6 km Conclusion: In overall, computed LFH indices show low flood potential in the Meandering Karkheh River Reach. This result is justified due to drainage density and total lengths of waterways per unit area in the Karkheh river basin. the values of LFH in 18 sections are negative that indicates low flood potential. In contrast, the same values are positive in 26 sections with high flood potential. Manuscript profile
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        3 - The Study of Activity-based Costing to Determine the Cost of Services In the Education
        Younos Vakil Alroaia
        Education, which has a diverse administrative and organizational structure, needs to be able to create the necessary coordination between the resources and expenditures of current and future activities. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the activit More
        Education, which has a diverse administrative and organizational structure, needs to be able to create the necessary coordination between the resources and expenditures of current and future activities. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the activity-based costing system to determine the cost of services in education in Semnan province. The research method was descriptive-applied and its statistical population includes the resources and expenditures of all education departments, financial managers and experts and budget officials in the education units of Semnan province. In order to collect the initial data, the documentary or library and field method has been used. Then, with the Activity Based Costing approach, the cost of current and future activities is estimated. The results are estimated during 2017 to 2020. Thus, in 2020, the highest cost price of a student among the selected cities belonged to Amirabadi city with a figure of eighty-two million five hundred thousand Rials (81,500,000) and the lowest cost price of a student unit belonged to Bastam city, which amounted to It is four million and six hundred and thirty thousand Rials (4,630,000). The results indicate that the average cost price in 1399 was twenty-six million and eight hundred and five thousand Rials (26.805.000). Also, the results showed that the cost of education services at different levels and according to the city are significantly different from each other that this difference mainly depends on the number of students, educational equipment, combination of educational levels and distance from the center has it. Manuscript profile
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        4 - Efficiency of AlpineQuest navigation application as an alternative for GPS in river engineering field surveying (Case study: Rafsanjan flood on July 2022)
        Farzaneh  Qaderi Nasab Maryam Ahmadi
        Advancements in technology have significantly facilitated fieldwork for engineers and researchers by providing new tools and methods. Utilizing tools and software designed for routing, orientation, and traffic management has proven highly efficient and effective in fiel More
        Advancements in technology have significantly facilitated fieldwork for engineers and researchers by providing new tools and methods. Utilizing tools and software designed for routing, orientation, and traffic management has proven highly efficient and effective in field surveys, particularly in river engineering. One such software is AlpineQuest. This application is easily installable on both Android and iPhone devices, granting users access to topographic maps, Google Earth imagery, slope maps, and more for any location on Earth. Additionally, AlpineQuest aids in determining the optimal route efficiently in terms of cost and time. This software offers various capabilities, including sketching, data collection in different formats, compatibility with other engineering software, and geometry calculations. In this study, AlpineQuest was used during a field visit to investigate the causes of the July 2022 flood in Rafsanjan. The software was used to register the accident locations, critical intersection structures, and the entrance to the floodway. The flood polygon was mapped and point data were defined within the application. Initial analyses of the field sites were conducted using Google Earth maps, Google Hybrid, and AlpineQuest slope maps. Subsequently, all data collected during the field visit were exported from AlpineQuest in GIS format. The findings indicate that factors such as long-term precipitation, urban development in the downstream alluvial fan, critical intersection structures near accident locations, and the presence of unregulated flood control structures upstream from Rafsanjan airport were responsible for the flood in Rafsanjan City. Manuscript profile
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        5 - The quality of lifestyle and the drought of Zayande-Rood: Interpretive under-standing of the lived experiences of Isfahan citizens of the water
        Sahar Faeghi
        In recent years, Iran has grappled with escalating environmental crises, especially concerning water-related issues. This study aims to comprehensively understand the lived experiences of Isfahan citizens amid the city's water crisis. The methodology employed for this s More
        In recent years, Iran has grappled with escalating environmental crises, especially concerning water-related issues. This study aims to comprehensively understand the lived experiences of Isfahan citizens amid the city's water crisis. The methodology employed for this study was qualitative research, utilizing thematic analysis for data interpretation. A total of 27 Interviews were conducted with Isfahan citizens, focusing on their subjective experiences regarding the water crisis in the Zayande-Rood river. Data collection utilized a non-homogeneous sampling method. Predetermined criteria concerning credibility, reliability, and objec-tivity were applied to validate the findings. Data coding and theory-based analysis were performed simul-taneously during interviews. The data interpretation comprised basic, organizing, and inclusive coding stages. Analyzing the data revealed key categories, notably the impact on citizens’ quality of life under socio-environmental conditions, considered as an inclusive category. The subjective feeling of happiness derived from environmental conditions (the sense of citizens' happiness and satisfaction through the envi-ronment) and changes in the lifestyle of citizens were reconstructed as organizing categories. The main sub-organizing categories reconstructed in this study include changes in citizens’ lifestyle, alterations in leisure activities, social interactions, extending citizens' environmental concerns, Citizens' dissatisfaction with government performance, changes in sense of emotional well-being of citizens, Citizens' dissatisfaction with weather conditions, and decreasing satisfaction with Urbanization. Primarily, citizens consider drought and water shortage to be the main reasons for the reduced quality of (socio-environmental) lifestyle in Isfahan. Manuscript profile
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        6 - Identifying the Driving Factors Affecting the Ecological Security of Tourism Based on the Capacities of the Karun River
        Ahmad Rahdar Dr.Manochehr  javanmardi
        Karun river is a key region for environmental protection and high-quality economic development in ahvaz metropolis. However, tourism is a serious threat to the environment due to the continued development of urbanization and industrial transformation. Hence, the present More
        Karun river is a key region for environmental protection and high-quality economic development in ahvaz metropolis. However, tourism is a serious threat to the environment due to the continued development of urbanization and industrial transformation. Hence, the present study aims to identify the driving factors affecting the ecological security of tourism considering the capacities of the karun river. The method of this study is explanatory based on the new methods of future research. The factors were evaluated by 30 experts and specialists in urban planning using environmental scanning, and interaction/structural effects analysis. MICMAC future research specialized software was used in this regard. The results revealed that the dispersion state of the effective variables indicates the sustainability of the system. Based on 31 investigated factors, 10 primary factors were selected as key factors affecting the ecological security of tourism. All factors were repeated in both direct and indirect methods. The results indicated that the variables related to the dimensions of the scale and profit of tourism as drivers of the tourism industry have been preferred over the objectives of protecting the environment and environmental resources. Variables such as the number of employees in the tourism industry, the income from international and domestic tourists, the number of star hotels, the ratio of educational expenses to public finances, the number of international and domestic tourists, the total retail sales of hotels, catering services, and unemployment rate and urbanization are prioritized. This study revealed that the tourism capacities in the ahvaz metropolis, especially the karun river, have been abandoned due to mismanagement. Also, the results suggest that tourism planning has not been considered and the use of foresight and forecasting tools can facilitate the achievement of tourism goals. Manuscript profile
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        7 - Provide a model for developing organizational agility in the country's mining industry
        Amir Tavakoli Rodi Arash Shahin Akbar Nilipor Tabatabae
        Delphi method has been used to determine the agility components (triggers, capabilities and empowerment). The statistical population consists of all the employees of the four mining industry sectors of Sangan Iron Ore, Gol Gohar, Chogarat and Chadormalo Complex in the m More
        Delphi method has been used to determine the agility components (triggers, capabilities and empowerment). The statistical population consists of all the employees of the four mining industry sectors of Sangan Iron Ore, Gol Gohar, Chogarat and Chadormalo Complex in the mining industry of Iran. The number of employees at the time of the research was 3262. Using Cochran's formula, 399 people were selected as sample population by stratified sampling method. Content validity method was used to determine the validity of the questionnaire and the reliability of the questionnaire used in this study was evaluated using Cronbach's alpha coefficient. In this research, the reliability coefficient of organizational agility inventory questionnaire, organizational agility capabilities inventory and organizational agility capacity empowerment questionnaire based on Cochran formula were obtained 95%, (91%) and (93%) respectively. The results show a significant relationship between the dimensions of organizational agility drivers, organizational agility capabilities and organizational agility enablers Manuscript profile
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        8 - A framework for future study of business intelligence in the tourism industry Iran
        nayereh abtahi Mohammad Hasan Maleki behrooz bayat tohfeh ghobadi lamuki
        10.30495/jmfr.2023.23357
        Tourism is one of the areas that due to cultural and economic effects, has caused many countries to pay attention to the development of infrastructure and promoting its services. Due to its economic, geographical, cultural and historical advantages, Iran can be successf More
        Tourism is one of the areas that due to cultural and economic effects, has caused many countries to pay attention to the development of infrastructure and promoting its services. Due to its economic, geographical, cultural and historical advantages, Iran can be successful if it develops the necessary infrastructure and makes the right policies in this regard. One of these infrastructures is business intelligence. Business intelligence tools provide users with accurate information about the nature of the business by analyzing data and presenting reports, summaries, dashboards, maps, charts and diagrams. The present study seeks to identify the drivers that affect the future of business intelligence in Iranian tourism. The present study is pragmatic from the point of view of philosophical foundations; It is applied in terms of orientation and exploratory in terms of purpose. To conduct the research, in the first stage, the research drivers were extracted through a systematic review of the literature and interviews with experts. At this stage, 30 drivers were obtained, which were screened by Binominal test. After key drivers screening, 12 factors were eliminated and the remaining 18 drivers were prioritized using the best-worst fuzzy technique. The results showed that the drivers of tourism business environment, data-driven decision-making culture and foreign sanctions and are the most influential drivers on the future of business intelligence in tourism. Manuscript profile
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        9 - Analysis of The Drivers Affecting the Business Services Marketing with A Focus on The Perspective of Importing and Exporting Goods of Small and Medium Enterprises
        Gholam ali Rahimi vahid nasehifar Tahmineh Nategh
        10.30495/jmfr.2022.19493
        In the modern age, attracting and retaining customers for any organization is inevitable, and their durability is depending on strategies that are used to satisfy and attract customers and also convert potential customers to real customers and their loyalty. Due to the More
        In the modern age, attracting and retaining customers for any organization is inevitable, and their durability is depending on strategies that are used to satisfy and attract customers and also convert potential customers to real customers and their loyalty. Due to the rapid rate of change in firms, one of the factors of production in small and medium enterprises in line with the mutation of productin is modification of marketing because today marketing can be considered as one of the ways to achieve the goal of the companies with considering future research approaches.Given that this study focuses on firms that provide services, it aims to identify the drivers and factors that affect service marketing, including commercial services except for financial and insurance services. To this end, many drivers were collected by reviewing previous studies, interviewing experts in this field, and holding meetings with companies and service providers. The tool used in this study is fundamental data theory, by which the approach has been able to aggregate and classify the collected drivers and apply them to the Strauss and Corbin model.As a result of this study, 46 drivers were selected and classified into five categories of causal conditions, main phenomena, confounding conditions, context, strategy and outcomes. Manuscript profile
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        10 - A Decision Support System for Analyzing the Affecting Drivers on the Future of Project-based Organizations in the financial services industry with Fuzzy Approach
        Abazar Hadi shayesteh Mohammad Hasan Maleki Seyed Alireza Mirarab Bayegi narges yazdanian
        10.30495/jmfr.2022.61970.2550
        The financial services industry and the quality of services provided play an important role in improving the performance of businesses. Due to the temporary and diverse nature of financial industry services and financial technology, project-based organizations will be a More
        The financial services industry and the quality of services provided play an important role in improving the performance of businesses. Due to the temporary and diverse nature of financial industry services and financial technology, project-based organizations will be an important part of this industry in the future. Therefore,the present study seeks to provide a decision-support system for identifying important drivers that affect the future of project-based organizations in the industry.Research Methodology: The current research is applied in terms of orientation and exploratory in terms of purpose. This study is also a survey research in terms of data collection. To present the research decision-support system, two quantitative methods of fuzzy Delphi and best-worst fuzzy and a qualitative tool called root definitions have been used. Finally, the tool of root definitions, research solutions tailored to each driver are developed.Results:15drivers were extracted through literature review and interviews with experts. In the next step,9factors were excluded with fuzzy Delphi. The remaining 6 factors were prioritized by the best-worst fuzzy method. The three drivers of international financial constraints, the intensity of competition, and the nature of business models in the financial services industry. The three drivers of international financial constraints, the intensity of competition, and the nature of business models had the highest priority in the financial services industry. Conclusion:using the tool of root definitions and its components including customers, actors, problem owner, transformation process, environment and stakeholder worldview, the system related to main drives was described and the desired solution was presented Manuscript profile
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        11 - The impact of privatization on the performance of taxi in Tehran
        Afsaneh Zamanimoghadam Mahdi Esmaeilbeigy
        The management and monitoring activities in Tehran taxi optimum services to citizens, providing good service and good governance is the taxi activity.The impact of privatization on the taxi in Tehran this research is that it is a general concept, "Privatization in Tehra More
        The management and monitoring activities in Tehran taxi optimum services to citizens, providing good service and good governance is the taxi activity.The impact of privatization on the taxi in Tehran this research is that it is a general concept, "Privatization in Tehran Taxi,Taxi is improved performance". The general hypothesis is evaluated with the following sub-hypotheses:1. Privatization in Tehran, Taxi Taxi is to improve the service.2. Taxi Tehran's privatization is to improve service to citizens.3. Taxi Tehran's privatization to reduce the costs of managing and monitoring the taxi in Tehran.The clustering method, parts 2 and 8 were selected as the study area. To analyze the data, descriptive and inferential statistics were used for the T test with SPSS software was used to measure and test the research hypotheses.The population in the total results for citizens are 93480 Nfr and for the taxi rae 4964Nfr that obtained by sampling, the sample size was calculated citizens in total 2Mntqh 763Nfr and for taxi 651Nfr.After data collection and analysis, the following results were obtained:1. Check for hypothesis 1: Privatization in Taxi service to taxi drivers is not improved. (Hypothesis)2. Check for hypothesis 2: Privatization of taxi services to citizens is improved. (The hypothesis)3. Specific Hypothesis 3: privatization reduces the costs of managing and monitoring Taxi is not improved. (Hypothesis) Manuscript profile
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        12 - A Review Of Cross Impact Analysis Methods And An Introduction To the Correlation Logic Method
        Ebrahim Hajiani Alireza Hemmati
        Most of the futures study methods evaluate the concerning variables and drivers seperately to predict or examine the events. However, some times there is a need to analyze the event occurance probability in correlation with a series of predicted events. The Cross Impact More
        Most of the futures study methods evaluate the concerning variables and drivers seperately to predict or examine the events. However, some times there is a need to analyze the event occurance probability in correlation with a series of predicted events. The Cross Impact Analysis method is the key to this problem. Requiring more complex statistical processing to achieve the results, the Cross Impact Analysis method, like the Delphi method, is based on the experts opinions. The main approach in this method is to determine the event occurance probability or various driver forces seperately and ask the experts opinions for the event occurance probability in case of other event occurances and their cross impact. In advanced methods of this analysis, discussed in this study, event occurance probability is reviewed in the chain of reasons between events. Thus, a matrix of the primary probabilities and conditional probabilities and directed event cross impact relations and driving forces is designed. The common methods of this analysis defines rules based on the two logic of probabilities and structures relations for the events impacts on each other. However, both methods are not used for the cross impacts. In this study, authors presented a new method of correlation logic to cover both positive and negative impacts of events on each other using a review on available methods of cross impact analysis. Cross impact analysis method usually leads to a scenario Manuscript profile
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        13 - Semantic Net of Wadi in First Islamic Centuries Discourse
        مهران اسماعیلی
        Translating the term wadi to different terms such as darreh, (valley), biyaban , desert, mantaqeh, region and sarzamin , land and recently masil and in some cases avoiding to translate it reveals that in spite of a long time of interaction between Persian and Arabic lan More
        Translating the term wadi to different terms such as darreh, (valley), biyaban , desert, mantaqeh, region and sarzamin , land and recently masil and in some cases avoiding to translate it reveals that in spite of a long time of interaction between Persian and Arabic languages, there is no a definite equivalent for this term in Persian yet. Therefore,the translators rely on their experiences and the text evidence for translating wadi into Persian. This study tries to reveal what the term wadirefers to in Arabic and why it does not have a definite equivalent in Farsi. It seems that  the unification of the desert with the nomadic life has led toward the creation of this term in Arabic. Other concepts such as the source of water, plantations, animal realm and human lodging and roads have created semantic net of wadi. As nomadic life has not been very prevalent in deserts in Iran, so, this term has lost its significance and semantic net in Persian and consequently,gained another one. Manuscript profile
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        14 - Designing a stakeholder participation model in the formation of cultural tourism policies (Case study of Tehran)
        seyed mostafa taghavi Karmollah Daneshfard naser mirsepasi
        10.30495/ijpa.2023.69641.11007
        Context: Ithas a great potential in the field of cultural tourism in Tehran, which city is not using this position properly.will be Therefore, the aim of the research is to provide a model ofstakeholder participation in the formation of cultural policies in TehranResear More
        Context: Ithas a great potential in the field of cultural tourism in Tehran, which city is not using this position properly.will be Therefore, the aim of the research is to provide a model ofstakeholder participation in the formation of cultural policies in TehranResearch method: The current research is applied from the perspective of the audience of development and also from the point of view of the method in the field of qualitative research. In order to design the research model, the analysis method was used. The participants in the research included 21 university experts as well as Tehran municipality managers who were selected for the purpose. The data collection method was semi-structured interview.Findings: The findings of the research showed, the cases of participation in the field of cultural tourism policy making, including identification and development of stakeholders' participation platform, communication and support of methods, development, focus on participation and creation of structure and attention to problem analysis from the perspective of stakeholders and alignment. It is between them. Finally, research studies have identified a patternResults:effective participation of stakeholders can be effective in improving the process of policy and cultural tourism development, which requires attention identified effective factors. Manuscript profile
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        15 - Environment Impact Assessment Of Landuse Settlement on Rivers quantitative/ qualitative parameters. (Case Study: zashk river)
        Shiva Ajilian Momtaz
              Nature- Travelling  is  a  part  of  Tourism  complex  that  applied  to warrant  travel  to  natural  area.For  study  and  enjoy  to plants  and an More
              Nature- Travelling  is  a  part  of  Tourism  complex  that  applied  to warrant  travel  to  natural  area.For  study  and  enjoy  to plants  and animals  view  and every  cultural  aspect  contemporary  or  past.At  the  present, while  suddenly  increase  and  non- plan Tourism Global the  factors  have effect  environment  that  uncorrect  planning  cause  environmental  pollution.In hence, we  must  need to assessment  environment  effects  that  such  activity  for recognizing and fore sight  marks  a  project  are  on  human  and  environment  health. Zoshk  village  in khorasan is  one  of  the  most  important  tourism.In  edge  of river  have  many  The village  has  a Natural  landscope  called  Zoshk  River  is length  30km.      The  river  pass  through  vary  gardens  and  Agri-lands  produce  beatiful  landscope. Restaurant and  villas  That  every  which  like  as  Natural- source, sufficient  effective  to  environment. But  what  was  effects  through  the  human- made  factors  settlement? Tourism  events  in  attractions  cause  chang  to  eco-system  such as  increase  development  restaurant  and  surplus  water  repelling,  chang  to  side  using  of  water - surface,disorder  in (soil/land)  utilization, preparations  and  change  to condition  specially, soil- characteristics and…so, Ask  the  following  questions:       Did  the  changes  can  hazard  quality  River-water  and  increase  ill-ness? What  did  we  can  performance  to   decrease  Negative  effects?   Manuscript profile
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        16 - The Role of Zayandehrood's tributaries (Madis) in urban spaces structure of Isfahan city
        Hamid Majedi fereshte ahmadi
        Isfahan is a city wich is made of  primary life cores and "Joybare" that means "the city of  flowing rivers" has been the biggest and the main core of this city development.    Zayandehrood and it's tributaries have played an important role in g More
        Isfahan is a city wich is made of  primary life cores and "Joybare" that means "the city of  flowing rivers" has been the biggest and the main core of this city development.    Zayandehrood and it's tributaries have played an important role in gathering surface waters, agriculture and flourishing Isfahan city. During urban development along with congestion of buildings and devastation of intra-city gardens and surrounding farms, the unique specifications and part of identity of city called "Madi" has been neglected. Pay attention and investing capital is necessity from historical, environmental, urban design, economic and other different views. The objective of this article is regard to past values of this element in development of the city, to study this factor at present and it's role in urban open spaces planning. Search method in this article is planning and environmental design that including: comparative search, analysis and field studies. The main aims are beautification environs through promotion crossing role of "Madis" as "Green Way", protection historic- identity "Madis" values and complied with functional, recreational, mental, psychological citizen necessity for Life quality promotion.     Manuscript profile
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        17 - Index Urban Axis and Ecological River Corridors (promoting Place identity focusing pedestrian trails Tourism)
        Mohsen Taban, Azadeh Pashootanizadeh
          Nowadays; definition of urban places and spaces is highly considered. Identity can be defined as the sense that people make of themselves through their subjective feelings based on their everyday experiences and wider social relations.Such experiences and relatio More
          Nowadays; definition of urban places and spaces is highly considered. Identity can be defined as the sense that people make of themselves through their subjective feelings based on their everyday experiences and wider social relations.Such experiences and relations need particular places. Places are significant centers of our immediate experiences of the world. In the past, human life was sincerely attached to things and places. Overall, there are two ways in which place has been related to identity. The first is place identifications. This refers to a person’s expressed identification with a place, The second way in which place has been related to identity is through the term place identity, which calls for a more radical re-evaluation of the construct of identity.   The forces of new technologies, globalization and ‘time-space-compression’ have worked to undermine roll of place in individual and social identity of communities , However, places play a potentially important part in the symbolic and physical dimension of human identification. Place identity is realized through presence, movement, standing and reflects on physical, social and functional features in which a comprehensive understanding of the place will be allowed.   Cities are rediscovering their rivers. For at least the past 30 years, cities and towns have been turning back to their rivers, transforming industrial and derelict land into new parks, residences, and commercial space. The trend appears to be continuing and perhaps even accelerating, with major planning and construction efforts underway in waterfront cities around the world. After abusing urban rivers through years of hard use and neglect, we have come to realize they are valuable economic and community assets. This assets give the waterfront cities great opportunities that if been considered in new developments, would arise benefits for the whole city.   Reconsidering waterfront areas as a valuable urban asset is one of the most interesting phenomena of urban renewal. In particular, river cities display an intimate and complex relationship with the water which should never be considered a limit but an extension of the urban fabric. Tourism pedestrian trails within the urban context, connected to ecological river corridors, provides a concept through sequence vision with all of it aspects for urban space experience.   In this research a descriptive and analytical methodology is used to determine main principles of pedestrian trails along the index urban axes connected with the riverfront corridors, focusing on parameters that increase presence of people and as a result identity of riverfront places.   The paper shows that tourism pedestrian trails along index urban axes connected to the ecological river corridor, causes sustainability of urban places and as a result identifies the adjacent area and the entire city. This visual and physical connectivity, considering environmental issues and an integrated redevelopment, would led to creating more livable ,identified and active urban public spaces. Such connections increase quality and legibility of urban spaces and elaborate the image of the city. Careful criticism of the city’s production of new urban spaces should be pursued to avoid foreclosing opportunities for articulating alternate urban futures. Manuscript profile
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        18 - Codification of The Conceptual Framework of River Valleys' Physical Resilience (Case Study: "Kan" River Valley, Tehran)
        Pantea Alipour kouhi Seyyedali  nouri Saeede Alikaei
        The Urban River Valleys are not only the interface between the city and nature, but they are also essential spatial places that carry urban context, local life, and other environmental characteristics. As a result, the design of urban river Valleys is one of the most im More
        The Urban River Valleys are not only the interface between the city and nature, but they are also essential spatial places that carry urban context, local life, and other environmental characteristics. As a result, the design of urban river Valleys is one of the most important strategies for promoting urban ecological systems, protecting socio-economic benefits, and increasing aesthetic values. This paper proposes the resilience concept to address the problem of natural hazards at the River Valleys while maintaining the environment's qualities. For this purpose, the focus is on applying the physical dimension of resiliency for presenting design qualities and indicators by studying the expected roles and qualities of urban rivers and the concept of resiliency. So at first, the Resilient Urban River Valleys Conceptual Framework has been codified, and dimensions, Components, and criteria of resilient River Valley design are proposed. In the next step, This Conceptual Framework is used to examine the quality of Tehran's Kan River Valley s Public Space using a SWOT matrix and develop design goals and strategies. Finally, this study stands on the notion that a place's resilience not only embraces formulating an immediate response to crises such as floods but also considers long-term mitigation and adaptation strategies and environmental qualities to face environmental challenges. In this perspective, reconnecting the community with the river through creating a favorable public space and using the natural potential of the rivers to confront the hazards is necessary. Manuscript profile
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        19 - Planning and Design of Urban Sustainable Riparian Park (Case Study: Kan River- Valley)
        Hassanali Laghai Seyedeh Maryam Gilani
        Manuscript profile
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        20 - Reinterpretation of Architectural Identity in a Tidal Waterfront City (Case Study:Transformation of the Riverbank Area in Banjarmasin’s Old City Center)
        Karyadi Kusliansjah Rumiati Tobing Uras Siahaan
        Manuscript profile
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        21 - Identifying the drivers of the development of professional sports in Iraq
        mohammed obays carnvl almamoori ghasem rahimi sereshbaderani ali atiyah dakheel nazari rasool
        10.30495/jism.2023.76847.1154
        This research was conducted with the aim of identifying the drivers of the development of professional sports in Iraq. According to the nature of the subject and research objectives, the current research is qualitative and based on the theory derived from the data. To c More
        This research was conducted with the aim of identifying the drivers of the development of professional sports in Iraq. According to the nature of the subject and research objectives, the current research is qualitative and based on the theory derived from the data. To collect research data, 25 in-depth and semi-structured interviews with experts and managers of Iraqi sports organizations were used. The participants in the research were selected by purposeful and theoretical sampling. Analysis of the data from the interviews emerged during three stages of open, central and selective coding. Based on the results of core coding and common concepts between open codes, 10 cores are named as support for professional athletes, training facilities and training equipment, training and promotion of coaching, national and international competitions, scientific research and innovation, media and culture, financial support, The approach of integrating development policy, participants in sports and cultivating talents and elitism was identified in the matter of identifying the drivers of the development of professional sports in Iraq; Therefore, it is suggested; By institutionalizing the process of meritocracy and stability of management in attracting, employing and retaining professional sports managers, especially in clubs, focusing on empowering managers, especially in the women's sector, by improving strategic thinking and systemic attitude in the development of professional sports in Iraq. Manuscript profile
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        22 - Futures studies of Iran's tax system: from the perspective of science and information technology With a group decision-making approach
        Einollah Zamani Eskandari Mohammadreza Mehrabanpour Azita Jahanshad
        The purpose of this study is to identify and evaluate strategic and future-making drivers in the field of science and technology of the country's tax system. This research has been done using futures research method with group decision making approach (Delphi ازی fuzzy More
        The purpose of this study is to identify and evaluate strategic and future-making drivers in the field of science and technology of the country's tax system. This research has been done using futures research method with group decision making approach (Delphi ازی fuzzy triangular technique) and interaction analysis based on environmental scanning and interviews with tax experts. The research method used is descriptive-analytical in nature and based on a mixed method from a methodological point of view. The research method used is descriptive-analytical in nature and based on a mixed method from a methodological point of view. After identifying the first 24 drivers in the question, interview and fuzzy Delphi questionnaire stages, in order to finalize and evaluate the effective and future-making drives, all identified drives are analyzed based on the triangular fuzzy mean and Mick Mac software is used for integrated analysis of interactions between propellants. Based on the research findings, 5 drivers: 1- Intelligence of tax system based on data-driven 2- Standardization of tax processes based on information technology 3- Development of software and intelligent auditing systems 4- Training of personnel according to the uses New software of the day 5- The need to use systems and mechanisms of income and sales in order to be transparent in economic exchanges, were approved as strategic and futuristic drivers. In the continuation of this research, by matching the voting model, the conformity of the research results with the triangular fuzzy Delphi method was confirmed. Manuscript profile
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        23 - The effect of the antecedents of brand attractiveness on brand commitment and positive WOM: Mediating role of consumer-brand identification
        zahra mohammadi faranak khodayari sedigheh tootian
        This research investigates the antecedents (brand congruence, brand prestige and brand distinctiveness) and consequences (positive word of mouth and brand commitment) of consumer- brand identification and relationship between brand attractiveness and consumer- brand ide More
        This research investigates the antecedents (brand congruence, brand prestige and brand distinctiveness) and consequences (positive word of mouth and brand commitment) of consumer- brand identification and relationship between brand attractiveness and consumer- brand identification. This is a descriptive-survey study, and target population for this research are all customers of Samsung, LG and Bosch home appliances in Tehran. In order to measure the variables of the model questionnaire designed 26 besides the members of the sample (392 people from brand customers home appliances Samsung, LG and Bosch) have been distributed.in this study for analyzing of data, Lisrel software and SPSS was have been used. The results confirm the influence of all of the three drivers, namely, brand congruence, brand prestige and brand distinctiveness on brand attractiveness. As well as brand attractiveness impact on consumer-brand identification and consumer-brand identification impact on brand commitment and positive word of mouth. The results also show that brand congruence to be a positive influence on consumer- brand identification with mediating role of brand attractiveness. Manuscript profile
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        24 - Determining the Kinds of Dominant Decision Making on Purchasing in Different Kinds of VALS Life Style (Low Resource)
        S. A. A. Afjeh K. Bakhshi Zadeh Borj
        In the market intersection of consumer and producer a number of different factors affect the buying behavior of consumers as well as their decision making on buying the required products. In any given multidimensional society, there exist a variety of environments which More
        In the market intersection of consumer and producer a number of different factors affect the buying behavior of consumers as well as their decision making on buying the required products. In any given multidimensional society, there exist a variety of environments which construct people’s behavior; and determine their actions. Consumer behavior is affected by factors such as: Cultural factors (culture, sub cultures, social orders), Social factors (reference groups, families, impact of  social class over consumers’  behavior), Personal factors ( age, life stages, jobs, economic conditions, life style, personality and personal image), Psychological factor (motivation, perception, learning and attitude).                                               This research aimed at accessing the role of VAL’s psychographic life styles in determining the purchase decision-making of Iranian consumers by surveying Iranian consumer’s VALS psychographic life styles which consists of a set of effective inside and outside factors. In the present  study  the statistical methods- including x2 and Gamma coefficient- have been used to asses  the kind of dominant decision making in VALS life style, which  consists of Makers, Strivers, Believers and Survivors. The finding of the study indicated extended consumers dominant kinds of decision making for Strivers life style and limited decision making for Believers life style. Moreover, there was not a meaningful difference between kinds of life style for Makers and Survivors as they use  four kinds of decision making at  the same time. Manuscript profile
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        25 - Identifying the drivers of transformation in management accounting
        morteza barzegar غلامرضا کردستانی Mohammad Hossein ghaemi روح الله بیات
        Understanding the consequences of drivers of economic transformation, especially new technologies, for value creation in developing countries, becomes more important day by day. This means that the capabilities of the data-driven economy require focusing on the structur More
        Understanding the consequences of drivers of economic transformation, especially new technologies, for value creation in developing countries, becomes more important day by day. This means that the capabilities of the data-driven economy require focusing on the structural changes of growth and development from the perspective of sustainable development. This research is trying to systematically examine the findings of the studies conducted in this regard and analyze them based on the process of formation and the achievements presented. By referring to available authentic documents and documents and after reviewing information from English sources from 2000 to 2022 and Persian from 1380 to 1401, 242 articles identified. In order to analyze selected articles, constituent concepts, dimensions and influential components, content analysis method and interviews used with the presence of a number of experts.Production technology,information technology, virtual systems, artificial intelligence, dynamic innovation,organizational structure, regulatory structure and works, globalization and cultural changes are the drivers of change. The need to recognize the impact of using new technologies and other drivers of change in management accounting thinking, processes is a tangible matter, which ultimately led to the adjustment of many management accounting positions and challenges. It creates for management accounting in the future and thus helps to develop the literature of this field by providing views and solutions for increasing knowledge and implementing information technologies and adapting management accounting to these innovative waves. Manuscript profile
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        26 - Application of nanozeolite technology in the removal of sulfate from the Gamasyab River
        Amin Rezaei Hossein Babazadeh Amir Khosrojerdi Mahdi Sarai Tabrizi
        10.30495/jrnr.2023.72983.10288
        Human activities, the presence of salts in riverbeds and runoff, as well as pollutants carried by the air lead to the contamination of rivers as one of the main sources of water supply. In this study, the Gamasayab River was selected and sampling was conducted at 16 des More
        Human activities, the presence of salts in riverbeds and runoff, as well as pollutants carried by the air lead to the contamination of rivers as one of the main sources of water supply. In this study, the Gamasayab River was selected and sampling was conducted at 16 designated points for three-time intervals in the most polluted location with the highest pollutant levels compared to other stations after spectrophotometric testing of the samples, in different seasons of the year. The collected samples were transported to the laboratory for measurement and determination of the target pollutant levels. Then, they were simulated using natural and modified zeolite nanoparticles for the purpose of purification. In the following, using the Design Expert model and assuming two factors, pH and absorbent-to-pollutant ratio, the optimal absorption points were determined, and the theoretical absorption values were also obtained. The research results showed that the absorption efficiency for the modified sample with 0.2 M nitric acid and sulfuric acid was estimated at 77%. From the investigation of the interaction between sulfate and three other pollutants including phosphate, nitrate, and iron, which was investigated by simulating the solution and in order to neutralize the effect of other dissolved substances, it was found that phosphate and nitrate ions led to a decrease in sulfate ion absorption by the absorbent, while iron ions increased the absorption of sulfate by the absorbent. The simulation results of the proposed model also indicated that the optimal absorption point for the absorbent was at a pH of 9.6 and a D/C value of 17.01, resulting in an absorption of the pollutant by 5.86%. Finally, the Freundlich isotherm was chosen for this absorbent with a coefficient of determination of 0.92 as the superior isotherm compared to the Langmuir isotherm with a coefficient of determination of 0.79. Manuscript profile
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        27 - Prediction of runoff changes in Zarrineh river basin under climate change conditions via hydrological simulation
        Maliheh Rahvareh Baharak Motamedvaziri Alireza Moghaddamnia Ali Moridi
        10.30495/jrnr.2022.19241
        It is necessary to study the behavior of the river under the effect of climate change, especially the runoff in the future periods. This study evaluated the effect of climate change on the runoff of Zarrineh river basin (the largest sub-basin of Lake Urmia) co More
        It is necessary to study the behavior of the river under the effect of climate change, especially the runoff in the future periods. This study evaluated the effect of climate change on the runoff of Zarrineh river basin (the largest sub-basin of Lake Urmia) considering the General Circulation Model (GCM) under two Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) scenarios (2.6 and 8.5). For this purpose, temperature and precipitation changes in the future periods in Zarrineh river basin were studied using climate data of Had GEM2-ES model during the period 2025-2050. The Climate Change Toolkit (CCT) was used to downscale climate data. The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) hydrological model was used to evaluate the impact of climate change on runoff the basin. Also, the SWAT model was calibrated and validated using monthly runoff. Then, downscaled results of the general circulation model interoduced to the SWAT model. And runoff changes at the outlet of the basin were simulated during 2025-2050. The results showed that the SWAT model has good performance in runoff simulation. The average results of the CCT model revealed that the maximum and minimum temperatures would increase in 2025-2050. The annual precipitation could increase 3.6% under RCP 2.6 and decrease 2.9% under RCP 8.5. The seasonal trends in the runoff showed a decreasing trend in winter, spring and summer while an increasing trend in autumn. Annual runoff under RCP 2.6 and RCP 8.5 has decreased 6.5% and 30% respectively. Which subsequently reduces the discharge of this river to Lake Urmia.  Manuscript profile
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        28 - Ecological potential evaluation of the Kabgian basin for aquaculture
        Zeynab Mehrabi Soheil Sobhan Ardakani Lima Tayebi
        10.30495/jrnr.2023.70149.10270
        Growth of population and economic-social needs of human being led to impressive growth of industries including aquaculture as an important source of protein needs in recent decades. This development which is usually associated with lack of environmental impact studies l More
        Growth of population and economic-social needs of human being led to impressive growth of industries including aquaculture as an important source of protein needs in recent decades. This development which is usually associated with lack of environmental impact studies leads to environmental degradation in many countries. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluation of ecological potential of Kabgian basin for aquaculture. In so doing, texture, depth and erosion of soil, slope, temperature, pH and water flow, stone, sensitive habitats, protected areas, conservation value of species and ArcGIS 10.2 according to 'Makhdoum Aquaculture Model' were used for site selection of fish farming ponds along the Kabgian River. The results showed that from 192 ha extent of the study area, 78.7 ha in the vicinity of Botari village was suitable for the development of aquaculture industry. As regards spatial distribution of fish farming ponds along the Kabgian River is not in a good condition and just focused on a specific part of the river, therefore, self purification potential of river will be decreased. So to reduce of environmental impacts of aquaculture on the water quality of Kabgian River, move the fish farming ponds to suitable areas for aquaculture development is recommended. Manuscript profile
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        29 - Qualitative study of surface water sources to achieve sustainable agriculture and natural resources (case study: Aras Border River)
        Milad Tabatabaei Hashemi Mahdi Sarai Tabrizi Hossein Babazadeh
        10.30495/jrnr.2023.72524.10287
        Since the agricultural sector is the main consumer of water in the country, achieving sustainable agriculture without considering environmental issues may lead to risks in the long term, therefore, the quantity and quality of surface water is so important in agriculture More
        Since the agricultural sector is the main consumer of water in the country, achieving sustainable agriculture without considering environmental issues may lead to risks in the long term, therefore, the quantity and quality of surface water is so important in agriculture. This research has investigated the Ares River catchment area with the aim of qualitative monitoring of surface water resources to achieve sustainable agriculture and natural resources. More than 100 collected samples from 9 stations of Aras River between Yaichi village in Azerbaijan and near Aras Dam from October 2017 to August 2018 have been investigated, classified, and evaluated using the Wilcox agricultural water quality index and Grapher software. The results of this research showed that the samples in Schuler's diagram were within the acceptable range but for drinking, other effective elements should also be investigated. The lowest amount of sodium absorption ratio was in June (1.40 mg/L) and the highest amount was in November (3.43 mg/L). Also, the electrical conductivity of water was the lowest value in June (840 µs/cm) and the highest value in October (1375 µs/cm). According to the Wilcox diagram, all the samples were in the qualitative range of C3S1 and they are considered saltwater. Despite the high level of salinity in the samples of this river, there was no significant difference in the qualitative trends of the stations during the investigated period for agricultural use, but the necessary measures should be taken in using these waters. Manuscript profile
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        30 - Identification and Abundance of Fish in the Godarkhosh River (Ilam Province)
        ali pirani saber vatandoost somayeh torabi delshad abolghasem kamali
        This study was aimed to identify the fish species and their abundances in Godarkhosh River, Ilam Province. Sampling was done using an electro shocker device equipped by 200 volts electricity generator from 5 different stations throughout the river within 100 meters of e More
        This study was aimed to identify the fish species and their abundances in Godarkhosh River, Ilam Province. Sampling was done using an electro shocker device equipped by 200 volts electricity generator from 5 different stations throughout the river within 100 meters of each station. Fish specimens at each station were caught, in triplicates, according to the Zypyn method specified for closed condition. Samples were immediately fixed by formalin, transferred to the laboratory and identified based on their meristic and morphometric characteristics using the identification key books of fish. Results showed the presence of eight species belongs to three different families. Cyprinidae was the most abundant family (92.4%) with six species from different genera. Nemachilidae and Mastacembelidae families each by one species had also 6.28% and 1.31% of the species abundance, respectively. Fish species captured in this study were included Garra rufa, Cyprinion macrostomum, Capoeta trutta, Alburnus mossulensis, Carasobrbus luteus, Mastacembelus mastacembelus, Tor grypus, and Oxynoemacheilus frenatus. The most abundance species was Cyprinion macrostomum (31.3%) followed by the Alburnus mossulensis (29.4%) and G. rufa (24.4%). Mastacembelus mastacembelus (1.05%) had also the lowest abundance among the fish species. Manuscript profile
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        31 - The Culture of the University Entrepreneurship Ecosystem, The Drivers of Social Entrepreneurship Development
        mohammad javad jame bozorgi محمدرضا میگون پوری
        Abstract Objective: The article seeks to examine the cultural dimensions of the university entrepreneurship ecosystem. Culture in individual, organizational, educational, research, business and management dimensions are the drivers of social entrepreneurship development More
        Abstract Objective: The article seeks to examine the cultural dimensions of the university entrepreneurship ecosystem. Culture in individual, organizational, educational, research, business and management dimensions are the drivers of social entrepreneurship development and its goal is to create social value. Method: The research is descriptive with survey technique and questionnaire tools. The statistical population is 44 university graduates who have worked in the field of social entrepreneurship. The sample size is selected by available sampling. Findings: Based on the findings, R2 values in the dimension of individual culture with (548.), organizational culture with (555.), educational culture with (508.), research culture with (619.), Business culture with (730.) Explain the variance of the dependent variable with (619) management culture. Results: showed that the culture of university entrepreneurial ecosystem in different dimensions is the driver of social entrepreneurship development. Individual culture plays a role in the development of social entrepreneurship by motivating, strengthening self-confidence and identifying opportunities. Organizational culture with teamwork, planning and organizational citizenship behavior, educational culture with quality of education, teaching methods and appropriate educational content, managerial culture with accountability and criticism, business culture with risk-taking, creativity, opportunity and culture Research by quality of research Attention to technological research and knowledge-based (start-up) helps to develop social entrepreneurship, sense of responsibility and create social value. Manuscript profile
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        32 - The foresight of Book in Iran
        mohammad sarshar seyyed reza salehi amiri ebrahim hajiani
        10.30495/jcm.2023.22319
        Books are the largest cultural arena in Iran and an important part of Iran's cultural future will be the future of books. The purpose of this study is to foresight books in Iran. This future study is based on the structural analysis model by Micmac method and in eight s More
        Books are the largest cultural arena in Iran and an important part of Iran's cultural future will be the future of books. The purpose of this study is to foresight books in Iran. This future study is based on the structural analysis model by Micmac method and in eight stages: "Identification of environmental variables to PESTEL model and layered approach", "Determination of key variables by Delphi expert method", "Assessing the interactions of key variables by Mikmak method" and "General environment analysis" "System and determination of drivers", "determination of uncertainty axes", "identification of sustainable scenarios", "description of scenarios" and "suggestion of actions".The findings of this study show ""the extent of government intervention in the field of books", "promoting the culture of reading non-textbooks", "the quality of books and their compliance with the needs and tendencies of the audience", "the role of the Ministry of Education "Culture of reading and fighting illiteracy and illiteracy", "Public libraries' budget for library construction, book purchase and librarian training" and "Self-sufficiency in the internal chain of paper production and book printing costs" are the most effective future drivers of books in Iran. The future map of the situation of books in Iran. But the worst case scenario of the future of the book in Iran is known as the most stable scenario. As a result, achieving the desired scenario requires a fundamental change in the government's approach to the field of books. Manuscript profile
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        33 - Providing A Model for the Development Drivers of Knowledge-based Companies in Deprived Areas (Case Study: Sistan and Baluchestan, Hormozgan, Kerman, South Khorasan Provinces)
        Niki Razazzadeh Mojtaba Bazrafshan Moghadam Nour Mohammad Yaghoubi Aleme Keykha Ebrahim Haddadi
        The basic role of knowledge-based companies as the engine of economic development of developing countries is very important in deprived areas which have special capacities. The purpose of this study is to provide a model for the development drivers of knowledge-based co More
        The basic role of knowledge-based companies as the engine of economic development of developing countries is very important in deprived areas which have special capacities. The purpose of this study is to provide a model for the development drivers of knowledge-based companies in deprived areas. The research method used in this research is exploratory mixed method. The statistical population in the qualitative part of this study is the relevant elites including academic elites and science and technology parks and executive elites and bureaucrats of the Iranian administrative system who were engaged in policy making; 13 people were interviewed due to the adequacy of the data. To analyze the interviews, Colaizzi's phenomenological analysis method was used and as a result, the initial model was extracted at two levels, & 41 subcomponents out of 11 components of organizational culture, marketing activities, business space, human resources, technical capability, technology, infrastructures, community culture, supportive policies, legal contexts and knowledge management were identified. In the quantitative section, data were collected from managers of 107 companies among 148 managers of knowledge-based companies in deprived areas by stratified random sampling and a questionnaire was provided to these managers to measure and fit the model. The results of confirmatory factor analysis showed that all components and subcomponents were confirmed. Manuscript profile
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        34 - Synoptic patterns of the flood rains of Gorgan River
        بهلول Alijani طواق Gholparnian
        In order to study and identify the pressure patterns responsible for the floods of theGorgan River the dates of the sudden increase of daily discharge of the river wereextracted for each calendar month during the 1968-1998 period. For each calendarmonth one intensive an More
        In order to study and identify the pressure patterns responsible for the floods of theGorgan River the dates of the sudden increase of daily discharge of the river wereextracted for each calendar month during the 1968-1998 period. For each calendarmonth one intensive and widespread flood was selected. The weather maps of thesedays at the surface and 500 hPa levels were analysed and the main pressure patternswere determined.The results showed four distinctive patterns: cyclonic, anticyclonic, warm front, andlocal cold front. The anticyclonic pattern was the most frequent one which is followedby the cyclonic pattern. Manuscript profile
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        35 - Comparison of the Statistical Regression and Fuzzy Methods for Estimating Sediment Load for Telvar River
        Baharak Motamedvaziri Hasan Ahmadi Mohammad Mahdavi Forood Sharifi
        Estimation of rivers sediment load is one of the most important problems for designof hydraulic structures, investigating water quality, conserving fish habitate, estimatingerosion and determining watershed management effects.There is two metheod for estimating sediment More
        Estimation of rivers sediment load is one of the most important problems for designof hydraulic structures, investigating water quality, conserving fish habitate, estimatingerosion and determining watershed management effects.There is two metheod for estimating sediment load: empirical and regressionmethods. Existence of numerous empirical methods for estimation of river sedimentload, a wide range of calibration coefficients shows that a suitable analytical orempirical method does not yet exist to accurately estimate the sediment load.Therefore, the measured discharges and sediment concentrations in hydrometrystations are statistically analyses for an accurate estimation of sediment loads in rivers.In usual statistical methods a power function is generally fitted on the data sets of flowand sediment discharge and thus the total sediment load could be calculated using thisfunction. These methods are not able to recognize and separate the specific datameasuring conditions. Therefore, they are not only able to accurately estimate thesediment load, but also can not show the temporal variation of sediment loads. In spiteof this problems, researcher are using Artificial Intelligence methods such as FuzzyLogic, nowadays.In this study, the measured suspended sediment load at hydrometry stations ofTelvar River is analyzed using USBR and FAO methods (usual statistical methods).Furthermore, Sediment suspended load are estimated with a model developed based onFuzzy Logic rules. Then the results of these mothods are compared. This researchstudy has shown that the temporal variation of sediment loads can be analyzed using afuzzy method. Also the, results obtained using the fuzzy method in comparison withthe corresponding values obtained using the usual statistical methods shows a bettercorrelation with the observed values. In all stations the fuzzy method estimated thesediment loads between ones obtained using statistical methods. Manuscript profile
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        36 - An Examination of The Rosgen Classification System Efficiency Case Study . Classification of Babol and Talar rivers on the Caspian coastal plain zone
        M.M Hosseinzadeh رضا Esmaeili صدرالدین Motevali
        Rivers ranges widely, in channel form, and in their degree of dynamism. A wide rangeof geomorphic river classification schemes have been proposed since the late 19thcentury, reflecting the variety of environmental settings. In this paper, using withRosgen classification More
        Rivers ranges widely, in channel form, and in their degree of dynamism. A wide rangeof geomorphic river classification schemes have been proposed since the late 19thcentury, reflecting the variety of environmental settings. In this paper, using withRosgen classification system and based on geomorphic variables includingentrenchment, gradient, width/depth ratio, sinuosity and channel material sizeexamined for Babol and Talar rivers in the Caspian coastal plain zone. In this riversrecognized in two major groups (D and F) along the longitudinal gradient of river. TheD type streams have braided pattern and flow on the alluvial fans and the F typestreams have meander pattern and flow on the coastal plain. Also, this research showsthat substituting predictions from a classification system for real fluvial investigationscould lead to counterproductive management schemes. Manuscript profile
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        37 - Flood Estimation in Varband River Catchment, Larestan
        محمدرضا Servati عبدالرسول Ghanbari
        Flooding can be considered as the most dangerous natural disasters, which often causes many damages to human life and its wealth.  Flooding forecasting and its estimation can play a vital role in urban development and planning. One of the most problems in flood est More
        Flooding can be considered as the most dangerous natural disasters, which often causes many damages to human life and its wealth.  Flooding forecasting and its estimation can play a vital role in urban development and planning. One of the most problems in flood estimation is the lack of data, particularly on runoff amount. To overcome the problem, the flood modeling techniques are suggested. In this paper the instance pick discharge value in Varband River catchment was estimated using SMADA software. Also to determine the homogeneous areas, the Langbein and cluster analysis methods were used. The results of the research showed that parameters such as area and main flow length are the most effective factors in making flood in this study area.  The results also showed that between the two mentioned above methods, the cluster analysis method was given better estimation and accuracy than Langbein method. Manuscript profile
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        38 - Identify river geomorphic figures – part 1: Review of channel bed morphology (case study: northern catchments of central Alborz – Challos to talar )
        M.M Hosseinzadeh رضا Esmaili صدرالدین Motevali
        Rivers are characterized by a continuum of morphological diversity. River geomorphicunits also based on their setting in channel and valley divide to four parts, includingchannel bed morphology, various mid channels, bank-attached and floodplain features.Two primary cha More
        Rivers are characterized by a continuum of morphological diversity. River geomorphicunits also based on their setting in channel and valley divide to four parts, includingchannel bed morphology, various mid channels, bank-attached and floodplain features.Two primary channel-reach are recognized; bedrock and alluvium that theirfeatures including: fall, pothole, rapid, cascade, step-pool, plane bed (run), pool-riffleand sand ripple-dune. This paper provides a review of previous researches in rivergeomorphic units that samples and features produced from northern catchments ofcentral Alborz. The examination these river geomorphic units provide a simplyunderstanding of water and sediment transport regime and river behavior. Manuscript profile
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        39 - Change of Sefidroud,s Channel on it,s Delta Scince 1982 Until 2008
        Jalilaldin Sorour
        In 1365, Sefidroud delta diversion during years 1982-1955 was studied bySoleyman Kosari in his essay.Based on available evidence (coastal sandy bands, marshes and etc), he proved thatSefidrood river rerouted from east to west during this period ( 27 years).In this essay More
        In 1365, Sefidroud delta diversion during years 1982-1955 was studied bySoleyman Kosari in his essay.Based on available evidence (coastal sandy bands, marshes and etc), he proved thatSefidrood river rerouted from east to west during this period ( 27 years).In this essay Sefidroud river diversion during years 1982-1955 (about 27 years) isstudied. This study is based on direct field observation and available documentsreviews (Geology organization maps (1:100000) and Kiashahr topography map (1:5000) and aerial photos of country surveying organization (1: 10000) ).Results of field and document reviews in this research showed:Sefidrood river delta completion and its diversion was effected of following factorsduring last 27 years:• Agglomeration and accumulation of Sefidrood river sediments.• Caspian sea current and its movement direction ( opposite of clock handles).• Caspian sea wavesNeo technical movement (specially after Roudbar earthquake in 1369).The results of these effects are seen in two shapes: Land advance and sea pull backin current place of Sefidrood river arrival to Khazar sea (Sefidroud river out fall) andsecond one, sediments movements from west to east and east to west. Manuscript profile
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        40 - Explaining the Theoretical Model of Factors Affecting the Regeneration the Historic Centers from the Perspective of Catalysts Urban Development
        Hamed Baniamerian Alireza Andalib Laala jahanshahloo
        10.30495/ums.2021.19376
        Introduction & Objectives:  Urban regeneration seeks to improve all environmental qualities of historical sites and tries to motivate development drivers in the process of recreating historic centers. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to explain how th More
        Introduction & Objectives:  Urban regeneration seeks to improve all environmental qualities of historical sites and tries to motivate development drivers in the process of recreating historic centers. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to explain how the development stimulus components and relationships in the regeneration process affect the construction of a theoretical model. Method: The research in terms of purpose was developmental-applied, extraction method, Delphi and relationship building technique, interpretive-structural modeling. The statistical population of 15 university experts was purposefully available and the reliability of the questionnaires was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha test of 0.76. Results: Component relationships are regulated in three levels and eight layers from the most dependent to the most influential, with the first level devoted to fundamental factors, the second level to structural features, and the third level to historical reconstruction achievements. Conclusion: The factors of serviceability of neighborhoods, inter-component design and implementation of catalysts are the basis for moving to other components and functional link shows the historic neighborhood in a whole link and identity and social justice and satisfaction highest level of dependence. And impact will be realized.     Manuscript profile
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        41 - Survey Diplostomum spathaceum parasit in eye’s of Carassius Carassius fish In Nazlo River of Urmia city
        سهراب رسولی امیرعلی انوار حامد اهری داریوش آزادیخواه امین خدادادی
        In this survey infection of Diplostomum spathaceum in Carassius Carassius fish in Nazlo Riverof Urmia city during the spring 1388 to summer of 1389 were studied. Totally 43 numbers offish in different season of year from along the river Nazlo were caught by net fishing More
        In this survey infection of Diplostomum spathaceum in Carassius Carassius fish in Nazlo Riverof Urmia city during the spring 1388 to summer of 1389 were studied. Totally 43 numbers offish in different season of year from along the river Nazlo were caught by net fishing andtransferred to parasitology laboratory of Urmia Islamic Azad University .In the parasitologylaboratory investigate of parasites. The results indicated that 16.27% of fish (7 fish) showedinfection with this parasite which presents a high rate of infection in the fishes in this waterresource because Diplostomum spathaceum its normal value in terms of the World reportAPHIS veterinary service info sheet 3 to is 10 percent .There are significant differences betweenthe percent of infection depended on the different season of year. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        42 - Qualitative Modeling for Managing Water Allocation in Rivers
        Sepideh Sahami Alireza Shokoohi Behnaz Khatar Farbod Chehrzad
        10.30495/wsrcj.2022.19231
        Background and Aim: Evaluating the response of rivers to natural changes and man-made manipulations are of great importance in managing river water quality. The main purpose of this study is to evaluate the negative effects of quantitative management without qualitative More
        Background and Aim: Evaluating the response of rivers to natural changes and man-made manipulations are of great importance in managing river water quality. The main purpose of this study is to evaluate the negative effects of quantitative management without qualitative management of river flow. In this regard, by simulating water quality in river exploitation scenarios based on environmental policies, including minimum flow allocation, reduction of flow quality from aquaculture standards, taking into account the quality factors and pollution caused by the development of marginal urban communities, will be discussed.Method: The present study, which should be omitted was conducted on the Azadrud River in the Sarvabad region of Kurdistan Province. In this regard, by measuring quantitative and qualitative parameters in two monthly periods, the QUAL2KW quality model was calibrated and validated. In the first part of the study, the quality of the river along 22 km was simulated by changing the flow rate based on flow allocation scenarios in the Tenant method, and in the second part, the values of qualitative parameters in different flow management scenarios were compared with the accepted standard values for aquaculture (fish).Results: Based on the results, while the minimum environmental discharge according to the Tenant method for the studied river is 1.1 m3/sec, the critical quality discharge for March and April were estimated at 7.7 and 10 m3/sec, respectively. The study showed that the poor tenant scenario is not suitable for allocating the minimum environmental flow to meet the quality requirements of the river at all. Conclusion: The results showed that the conventional flow allocation method, i.e., without considering the quality conditions of the river, is not suitable and can cause serious damage to the environmental conditions of the river. This study showed that ignoring the quality conditions at the time of flow allocation causes the ecological health of the stream to be lost and the river to not meet the required standard for aquaculture. Manuscript profile
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        43 - Climate change impact assessment on hydrological regimes of a mountainous river basin in Iran
        Mohammad Reza Khazaei
        In this paper climate change impacts on hydrological regime of a mountainous river basin is assessed. In order to do that, scenarios of global climate models are downscaled by using change factor method. The climate scenarios are used as inputs of a rainfall-runoff mode More
        In this paper climate change impacts on hydrological regime of a mountainous river basin is assessed. In order to do that, scenarios of global climate models are downscaled by using change factor method. The climate scenarios are used as inputs of a rainfall-runoff model, which is well calibrated for the basin, and daily stream-flow series for present condition and future scenarios (2067-93) are simulated. By comparison of river-flow characteristics for present condition and future scenarios, the climate change impacts on hydrologic regime of the basin are assessed. for analysis of the emission scenarios uncertainty, scenarios of A2, A1B, and B1, which relevant to high, medium, and low emission scenarios, respectively. Based on the results, basin temperature will increase between 3 to 5 Celsius degrees and potential evapotranspiration will increase for all month of the year. Despite uncertainty of emission scenarios, under all emission scenarios, annual average of rainfall and stream flow will raise; however, seasonal cycle of rainfall and river flow will change, too. Average river flow in the autumn and winter will increase, while the average river flow in spring and summer will decrease. Decreasing of the river flow in the second half of the water year, Implies the importance of considering of the climate change impacts on the river-flow for designing of dam’s reservoir. Manuscript profile
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        44 - Prediction of Climate Change Impact on Monthly River Discharge’s Trend using IHACRES hydrological model (Case Study: Galikesh Watershed)
        خلیل قربانی الهه سهرابیان میثم سالاری‌جزی محمد عبدالحسینی
        AClimate change causes change in temperature and rainfall and consequently affects river discharge. Changes in rainfall can be simulated by global circulation models under different climatic scenarios but investigations of changes in river discharge require rainfall-run More
        AClimate change causes change in temperature and rainfall and consequently affects river discharge. Changes in rainfall can be simulated by global circulation models under different climatic scenarios but investigations of changes in river discharge require rainfall-runoff models. The Galikesh basin as one of most flood prone basins in Gloestan Province is considered for determination of changes in river discharge under climate change effect. Temperature and rainfall is produced for future climatic period (2011-2030) based on global circulation model HADCM3, using LARS-WG data generator model. The produced data under different climatic scenario are used as inputs of calibrated IHACRES model to simulate river discharge for future climatic periods. The climate change analysis shows under different scenarios in the study area air temperature increase in different months, which a rise in warm months is more than other months of the year, but the annual precipitation decreases. The Mann-Kendall test is used to detect monotonic trend of seasonal and semiannual river discharge series. The results indicate no trend for spring and first semiannual and negative trend for other seasons and second semiannual series in 5 percent significance level. Manuscript profile
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        45 - Estimation of Inflow to Urmia Lake Using Time Series and Basin's Future Simulation Modeling in Two Long and Short Term Scenarios
        اردلان شریف نسب Mojtaba Shourian
        The Urmia Lake is the largest and the most important internal lake in Iran and is one of the most valuable international hemispherical resources in the world. But the Lake has been gradually getting dried nowadays. If the Lake gets completely dried, irreparable environm More
        The Urmia Lake is the largest and the most important internal lake in Iran and is one of the most valuable international hemispherical resources in the world. But the Lake has been gradually getting dried nowadays. If the Lake gets completely dried, irreparable environmental, economical and social damages would be appeared in the region. So, finding a practical solution for surviving the Urmia Lake is crucial. In the present research, it has been tried to predict the inflows of the rivers leading to the Urmia Lake, once based on the long term period’s recorded data and another time based on the recent dry period’s recorded data, by using autoregressive moving average (ARMA) time series models in order to exert the effects of the recent drought in the forecasted data. The ARMA models are developed in the MATLAB soft ware. After calibration of the created models, the predicted discharges of the basin’s rivers were entered into the simulation model of MODSIM in order to estimate the water consumptions in the basin's future condition and finally the entering flows to the Urmia Lake in each of two forecasting scenarios. Results show that in each of two forecasting scenarios of long and short periods, the environmental water right of the lake wouldn’t be supplied totally. Also, if the agricultural water consumptions would get reduced about 14% and 56% in long and short periods respectively, the lake’s water right would be supplied completely. Manuscript profile
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        46 - Assessment of geochemical and distribution of heavy metals Pb, Cu, Zn and Ni in the Aras free trade-industrial zone
        Shahram Shahmohammadi Kalalagh Nader Habibzadeh
        Aras river due to located in the path of mining activities and having special ecological, economic, social and a variety of different species of aquatic plants and animals is very important and assessment of its quality is essential. This study was conducted to assess p More
        Aras river due to located in the path of mining activities and having special ecological, economic, social and a variety of different species of aquatic plants and animals is very important and assessment of its quality is essential. This study was conducted to assess pollution of Pb, Cu, Zn and Ni in the Aras free trade-industrial zone. Samples of sediments, water, plant (Typha australis) and fish (Varicorhinus dapoeta) were collected in four sampling sites of 150 km of Aras river in autumn 2013 and summer 2014. The results indicated that the concentration of all elements in water and fish samples aligned with standards, although Cu value exceeded standard level within sedimentation and plant.  According to contaminant criteria (contaminant factor, pollution load index, and geoaccumulation index), Cu concentration was very high in all sampling sites except Sant-Spataneous site. Its reason is likely to overloading Cu from Sungon mine. The magnitude of heavy metal pollutants in all sampling sites was identified as follows: Cu > Zn > Pb = Ni. The bioaccumulation factor of heavy metals in fish samples was found to be lower than 1 indicating they probably were uptaked through fish respiratory and dermal surfaces rather than dietary uptake. The high concentrations of Pb and Zn in Typha australis from Ilganeh river and Gholan and Missen sites exhibited that this species could be utilised to remediate the polluted places to heavy metals. Manuscript profile
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        47 - Influence of the concept of subgrid variability and computational mesh dimensions on the performance of HEC-RAS 2D model in simulating river floodplains (Case study: Sarbaz River)
        Amir Samadi Asghar Azizian
        The 2D HEC-RAS model uses a new concept called subgrid-variability to include elevation changes within a computational cell and thus has very little dependence on computational cell dimensions. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of the concept of subgr More
        The 2D HEC-RAS model uses a new concept called subgrid-variability to include elevation changes within a computational cell and thus has very little dependence on computational cell dimensions. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of the concept of subgrid-variability on the simulated flood area in the Sarbaz River. The other purposes of this study is to investigate the effect of map scale on the performance of 1D and 2D HEC-RAS model. The results showed that with increasing computational cell dimensions, the model error in simulating flood zones was relatively low compared to small cell dimensions. For example, if using a computing grid with dimensions of 500 meters instead of a 20 meters grid, the simulated flood area in different parts of the Sarbaz River would be less than 15 percent. The run time of the 2D model in the cell dimension of 500 meters is approximately 45 times less than the run time of the model in case of using cell dimensions of 20 meters. The findings clearly indicate to what extent the use of the concept of subgrid variability in modeling can be effective when implementing numerical models, especially in large and complex rivers. The calculations also show that the difference between 1D and 2D models in the simulation of hydraulic parameters in small scales is relatively small and by increasing the map scale, the difference between the two models increases. Manuscript profile
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        48 - Zoning of the 25-Year Flood for Use in Determining the Boundaries of the River’s Bed and Boundaries (Til River as Case Study)
        Ramin Tabrizi Seyedeh Hoda Rahmati Reza Haji Seyed Mohammad Shirazi Mohammad Shahbazi Bilehsavar
        10.30495/wsrcj.2022.68529.11311
        Background and Aim: One of the management measures that can play an important role in reducing flood damage is preparing a flood zoning map. The preparation, compilation, and having a comprehensive and complete plan in the field of flood controlling and determining the More
        Background and Aim: One of the management measures that can play an important role in reducing flood damage is preparing a flood zoning map. The preparation, compilation, and having a comprehensive and complete plan in the field of flood controlling and determining the boundaries and bed of rivers is an obligatory and necessary matter that lead to flood management and damage assessment. In this research, for Til River and 2 branches of the tributaries entering this river, in order to determine the bed and the boundary, produce flood zoning map and obtain the quantitative boundary of the river  by using the DLSRS standard, the HEC-RAS hydraulic model and Arc-GIS software with the HEC-GeoRAS connector plugin has been used.Method: First, the HEC-RAS input file was prepared by using the topographical map of the Til river area from Arc-GIS software and by using the HEC-GeoRAS extension, and after entering the geometric data and data of the processing flow and related calculations in the environment of this software for zoning. The flood took place.to determine the boundaries of the river beds and these waterways, floods with a return period of 25 years are used.Eventually, with the application of HEC-GeoRAS extension and Arc-GIS, flood zoning maps are extracted. Moreover, by using the DSLRS standard, the quantitative boundry of the Til River and tributaries 1 and 2 in the studied area are determined according to the field visits and appropriate engineering advice, and the numbers related to each index and finally the amount of quantitative boundry are calculated.Results: In accord with the extrcated maps and satellite images and according to the investigations and visits, the width of the hydraulic bed calculated is different from the bed width defined in the law due to many uncertainties. Therefore, at this stage of the studies, expert surveys should be conducted through step-by-step visits to both banks of rivers and waterways along the study area, and eventually, legal bed width should be recognized and marked on the maps.Conclusion: The results show that integration of HEC_RAS model and GIS geographic system is an efficient and useful tool in determining river floods. According to the investigations, the comparison of existing maps and land uses around the Til River and 2 sub-channels demonstrate that in the event of a flood with a return period of 25 years, it does not cause sever damage to the areas around the river. In accordance with DSLRS standard, qualitative boundary of Til River and sub-channels 1 and 2 in the study area are carried out with field visits and ultimately, the amount of boundry is calculated,As a result, the amount of the quantitative sanctuary of the Tail river in the scope of the study plan was calculated to be 8 meters and also the quantitative sanctuary of Mesil 1 and 2 was calculated to be 4 and 5 meters, respectively. Manuscript profile
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        49 - Comparative Evaluation of NSFWQI and IRWQISC Indicators in River Quality Assessment
        Alireza Shokoohi Omid Bahmani
        This study aimed to evaluate and compare the two water quality indicators NSFWQI and IRWQIsc on the rivers of the five basins of Khuzestan, namely Karun, Karkheh, Dez, Marun-Jarahi, and Zohreh-Hindijan using data recorded in the years of 1390 to 1396. This study shows t More
        This study aimed to evaluate and compare the two water quality indicators NSFWQI and IRWQIsc on the rivers of the five basins of Khuzestan, namely Karun, Karkheh, Dez, Marun-Jarahi, and Zohreh-Hindijan using data recorded in the years of 1390 to 1396. This study shows the differences between the two methods as well as the validation of the water quality index developed in Iran. While according to the NSFWQI index, the rivers of the region are in average condition in terms of quality and there is no particular problem except for points on the Karun River, there is no particular problem; the IRWQIsc index evaluates the status of surface water quality in the province as moderate to poor. Examining the differences between the two indices, it was concluded that the use of the electrical conductivity parameter in the IRWQIsc index has led to the detection of bad areas in terms of quality. The NSFWQI index has been successful in identifying points of high pollution around Ahvaz, while the IRWQIsc index has been successful in identifying points of high salinity on the Zohreh and Jarahi rivers. In determining the spatial distribution of the indicators, three methods were used: spline, kriging, and inverse distance weighting method, which based on the evaluation of the results, the last one was selected. Manuscript profile
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        50 - Modeling Estimation of Suspended Sediment Rate in Pasikhan River Using Decision Tree Artificial Neural Network
        سیدسامان Nasiri Ebrahim Amiri محبوبه shadabi
        Accurate estimation of sediment transport in rivers due to erosion is an important factor for the management of hydrological projects. Artificial neural networks are of great importance for many reasons, such as the ability to detect patterns, the good relationship betw More
        Accurate estimation of sediment transport in rivers due to erosion is an important factor for the management of hydrological projects. Artificial neural networks are of great importance for many reasons, such as the ability to detect patterns, the good relationship between input and output, and the need for less input data to predict suspended sedimentation. Accordingly, the present study attempts to model the estimation of suspended sediment content in the Pasikhan River using the artificial neural network of the M5 decision tree. The amount of sediment in rivers is subject to many parameters of river geometry, hydraulic flow and sediment properties. For this reason, in this study, it has been tried to reduce the number of effective parameters by first dimensioning the effective parameters on sediment transport capacity. The results showed that the initial decision tree, the M5 tree, does not require pruning and is suitable for use. Three parameters of determination coefficient (R2), mean relative error (ME) and mean squared error (RMSE) were used to evaluate the accuracy of the prediction model. The obtained values for these three parameters were 0.851, 1037.64 and 941.32, respectively, indicating the suitability of these three parameters. Comparison of suspended sediment yield from decision tree model with Pasikhan River measurement data showed that the coefficient of determination was 0.8953 which is a very good value. The results showed that this model is effective in predicting suspended sediment content in the Pasikhan River. Manuscript profile
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        51 - Laboratory evaluation of the effect of permeable vanes distance using six-pillar concrete elements on the bend migration
        Ebrahim Najjaran Amir Abbas Kamanbedast Mahmood Shafai Bejestan Alireza Masjedi Hooshang Hasonizadeh
        Permeable vanes are structures that move the erosion of the outer bank of the river by diverting the erosive flow from the outer arch of the river to its center. In this study, the pattern of erosion and sedimentation around the hydraulic structure in the installation c More
        Permeable vanes are structures that move the erosion of the outer bank of the river by diverting the erosive flow from the outer arch of the river to its center. In this study, the pattern of erosion and sedimentation around the hydraulic structure in the installation conditions of different distances from each other has been studied. Six-pillar concrete elements are materials that form a permeable structure overlapping and are applicable without drying the riverbed. These blocks need to be examined for how the structure works. With this concept, in the present study, the performance of this structures were performed in a laboratory channel with a width of 60 cm and a 180 degree flume under different hydraulic conditions (Fr = 0.227, 0.244, 0.261, 0.278). The required data were measured at different distances (5L, 6L, 7L, 8L) with an effective length equal to 20% of the width of the flume (L=12cm). Control experiment was performed in similar conditions to other scenarios without groins construction. Comparison of the results of the control and main experiments showed that the construction of permeable rectangular groin with a distance of 5L had the best efficiency in reducing the maximum depth of scour at the outer bank compared to the control experiments equal to 70.1% and 57.9% in Froud numbers of 0.227 and 0.261, respectively. Manuscript profile
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        52 - The Impact of Tajan Irrigation and Drainage Network on Meeting the Environmental Flow Requirements of Water Resources
        SeyedehZohreh Hashemi Abdullah Darzi-Naftchali Fatemeh Karandish Henk Ritzema Karim Solaimani
        10.30495/wsrcj.2023.71364.11346
        Background and aim: In recent years, due to the repeated emphasis of the country's development programs on food security and promotion of self-sufficiency in the production of basic agricultural crops, many efforts have been made for agricultural development. Ignoring t More
        Background and aim: In recent years, due to the repeated emphasis of the country's development programs on food security and promotion of self-sufficiency in the production of basic agricultural crops, many efforts have been made for agricultural development. Ignoring the sustainability of the environment, as one of the fundamental pillars of the sustainability of agricultural production systems, has put a lot of pressure on the fragile environment and especially on the aquatic ecosystems. One of the important aspects for assessing the sustainability of regional water resources is how to determine the long-term satisfaction of the environmental flow requirements (EFR) of the resources. This research investigates the satisfaction trend of quantitative and qualitative EFR of surface and groundwater resources in the area of Tajan Irrigation and Drainage Network (TIDN) in Mazandaran province.Method: Hydrological and qualitative EFR of surface water (S.EFR) including Tajan River (T.EFR) and Ab-bandans (A.EFR) and groundwater (G.EFR) was determined for pre (1997- 1984) and post (1998-2019) TIDN periods. Hydrological EFR of Tajan River is calculated using four hydrological methods: variable monthly flow (VMF), Tennant, Tasman and Smakhtin. The qualitative EFR of this river is determined based on the three main surface water pollutants in the region, including nitrogen, phosphorus and salinity. The minimum volume of water required to sustainably maintain Ab-bandan ecosystems is considered as A.EFR. Due to the fact that until now no specific method has been provided to determine the EFR of groundwater resources; in this research, by combining hydrologic and qualitative parameters such as the depth of groundwater, salinity and, nitrogen concentrations, the EFR of these resources is determined.Results: The average river flow before and after the operation of TIDN was 14.53 and 8.36 m3 s-1, respectively. Before TIDN, based on MVF, Smakhtin, Tasman, and Tennant methods, the hydrological EFR of the river satisfied in 79.1, 59.2, 69.1, and 90.1% of cases, respectively. The satisfaction was 53.4, 27.1, 41.4, and 73.3% of cases, respectively, during the TIDN operation. From nitrogen and salinity perspectives, the violation rates of the qualitative EFRs of this river during TIDN operation increased by 11.1 and 9.9%, respectively, compared to the pre-TIDN period. EC has the main role in the deficit of qualitative EFR of the river, followed by nitrogen and phosphorus. The operation of TIDN caused an increase in the depth and nitrogen concentration of the groundwater, resulting in an increase in the unstable area regarding these two parameters during the operation period. Before the construction of TIDN, no part of the region had a hydrological EFR deficiency of more than 353 m3, but after that, about 40.6% of the region experienced higher deficiencies than this value. Also, the area with nitrogen related qualitative EFR deficiency rises from 13.4% in pre-TIDN to 35.6% in post-TIDN.Conclusion: The development of TIDN increases the violation of quantitative and qualitative EFR of surface and groundwater resources in the region. Considering the limitation of EFR satisfaction after TIDN, especially in low rainfall seasons, it seems necessary to revise the cropping pattern and irrigation method. Otherwise, the continuation of the current trend, through completely disrupting the ecological balance, will make agriculture unsustainable. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        53 - Application of Hybrid Model of Artificial Neural Networks and Firefly Algorithm to Predict the Amount of TDS in River Water
        Farahnaz Sabzevari Behrouz Yaghoubi Saeid Shabanlou
        10.30495/wsrcj.2023.71849.11356
        Background and Aim: Estimation and forecasting of qualitative parameters along with quantitative parameters of water alongside the river to make correct managerial decisions is one of the objectives of managers and planners of the water industry should be accurately sim More
        Background and Aim: Estimation and forecasting of qualitative parameters along with quantitative parameters of water alongside the river to make correct managerial decisions is one of the objectives of managers and planners of the water industry should be accurately simulated. Most of the models for qualitative parameter estimations require very large input parameters that are either difficult to access or require much time and money to determine. Therefore, the use of data-driven models in this field has been developed to save time and money.Method: In this paper, the application of artificial neural networks and its combination with the firefly algorithm to predict the amount of Total dissolved solids (TDS) of water in the Gavehrood River located in Iran, Kermanshah has been trained and validated. with this purpose, water quality data of hydrometric station upstream of the Gavoshan reservoir dam are used for the statistical period (1991-2010). Based on different inputs, the multilayer perceptron (MLP) artificial neural network and its combination with the firefly algorithm are tested. The best algorithm of the inputs, the number of hidden layers and the number of neurons in each layer in the artificial neural network are determined. The input data imported to the models include the flow rate (Q), Sodium (Na), Magnesium (Mg), Calcium (Ca), Sulfate (So4), Chloride (Cl), Bicarbonate (Ho3), Electrical conductivity (EC) and Total Dissolved Solides of the river in the previous period (TDSt-1) and the output data of TDS. The number of hidden layers is obtained to be 1 and the number of hidden layer neurons is achieved to be 9. Also, the neural network function in this study is considered as a waterfall type and the results are compared by combining artificial neural networks with the firefly algorithm. The model outputs are compared with measurement data using the error measurement criteria.Results: In this regard, the values of the used error evaluation indices including the observed standard deviation (RSR), Nash Sutcliffe coefficient (NSC), correlation coefficient (R) and root mean square error (MSE) for artificial neural network are yielded 0.154, 0.976, 0.989 and 25.27, respectively and in the case of the neural network combination with the firefly algorithm, are achieved to be 0.129, 0.983, 0.992 and 17.8, respectively.Conclusion: Therefore, the performance of the hybrid method of artificial neural networks by using the firefly algorithm in predicting TDS is more appropriate than artificial neural networks. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        54 - Check the Factors Affecting the Extent of Flood Zoning Using the Geographic Information System of the Karun River in the Area of Zaras Castle to Jafarabad
        Amirhossein Asadian Shahab Emamzadeh
        10.30495/wsrcj.2023.74322.11395
        Background and Aim: In this study, the flood zoning in the Karun River in the area between Zaras Castle and Jafarabad has been determined. For this purpose, using the topographic map and satellite images, the exact course of the river was determined and the initial proc More
        Background and Aim: In this study, the flood zoning in the Karun River in the area between Zaras Castle and Jafarabad has been determined. For this purpose, using the topographic map and satellite images, the exact course of the river was determined and the initial processing was done on its information. Then flood zoning was obtained with return periods of 500 years, 200 years, 100 years, 50 years, 25 years, 10 years, 2 years.Methods: In this research, flood zoning of Karun river, which is one of the main and permanent rivers of Khuzestan province. was investigated in the area from Zaras Castle to Jafar Abad. The aim of the current research is to zonate the risk of flooding occurrence and identify the villages at risk of flooding, through the preparation of the river boundary map for the return period of 500 years, 200 years, 100 years, 50 years, 25 years, 10 years, 2 years in the Karun river using the Hec-RAS model in the ARC-GIS environment. In this research, the discharges of this river are based on the probability of its occurrence using Johnson sb statistical distribution was calculated.Findings: In this research, in addition to calculating flood depth and flow velocity parameters, factors such as shear stress and flow strength for different return periods were calculated and investigate. Shear stress and flow strength are effective parameters in the flood risk, so it is important to investigate them.Results: In this research, flood inundation risk zoning was done and the villages at risk of flooding were identified by preparing a map of the River boundary for the return period of 500 years, 200 years, 100 years, 50 years, 25 years, 10 years, 2 years, and Discharges of this river were calculated based on the probability of its occurrence using the statistical distribution of Johnson sb. Among the 10 villages located along the Karun river, Jafarabad villages, Hasht Lak Kanaar, Zaras Qala, Lali New Road bridge are the most vulnerable areas, which regardless of the rules of construction and non-observance of the river boundary are built in its main bed. Factors such as the change of land use and the transformation of floodplains into agricultural and garden lands, disregarding the river boundary and encroaching on the floodplain of the river have increased the potential of flood risk and as a result the villages are more vulnerable, especially in the flood zone with a return period of 500 years. Manuscript profile
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        55 - Granulometric variation of river suspended sediments due to sand and gravel mining (case study: Vaz River)
        Seyed Hamid Reza Sadeghi Sudabe Gharemahmudli
        The correct determination and prediction of sediment transportation by the river is very important for water resources management, flood reduction and environmental sustainability projects. Analysis of sediment particle size can show important information about the orig More
        The correct determination and prediction of sediment transportation by the river is very important for water resources management, flood reduction and environmental sustainability projects. Analysis of sediment particle size can show important information about the origin, history, transportation and deposition conditions of the sediment. However, this matter has been less considered. This study was therefore conducted at Vaz River located in Mazandaran Province to investigate effects of sand harvesting on morphometric characteristics of suspended sediments at upstream and downstream of the study mine. For this purpose, monthly samplings were made at upstream and downstream of the mine from February 2012 to January 2013. The particle sizes of suspended sediment were measured by Master Sizer and corresponding distribution and specifications including mean, sorting, skewness and kurtosis were also analyzed by the GRADISTAT software package. The range of variations of D10, D50, D90, and average particle size of the study samples were obtained as 0.34-1.12, 3.24-13.41, 14.12-90.74 and 3.19-11.45 microns. In addition, changes of sorting, skewness and kurtosis were found from 3.11 to 6.38, -0.13 to -0.32 and 0.88 to 1.29, respectively. Mines discontinuous activity and distance between study mines and sampling locations could be considered as main factors behind non-significant effects of sand and gravel mining on changing suspended sediment particle size distribution. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        56 - Climate change effects on reliability of water delivery in downstream of Karkheh river basin and its adaptation strategies
        Manouchehr Farajzadeh Kaveh Madani Larijani Alireza Massah Bevani Rahman Davtalab
        Increasing population and water demands caused a considrable challenge for decision makers in water sector. Also climate change in near future will exacerbate the situation. This study evaluated the impacts of climate change on water supply reliability and allocation in More
        Increasing population and water demands caused a considrable challenge for decision makers in water sector. Also climate change in near future will exacerbate the situation. This study evaluated the impacts of climate change on water supply reliability and allocation in Karkheh river basin. In this study for assessing the effects of climate change on Karkheh river basin water supply, 15 GCMs and several greenhouse gas emission scenarios were applied to evaluate the changes of precipitation and temperature for time horizon 2050s. Then multiple river flow time series (RFTS) were generated by feeding future temperature and precipitation into a calibrated rainfall-runoff model. Due to the uncertainty of GCMs for generating future temperature and precipitation, the forecasted river flow for mid-century had a wide range of changes between -50% to +36%. Therefore for dealing with uncertainty of GCMs, the hierarchical clustering method was used to identity 5 clusters from 35 RFTS and subsequently 1 representative member from each clusters. Also three management strategies of crop pattern change, increasing irrigation efficiency and water reuse for adaptation of climate change was evaluated. Results showed that building new dams in upstream will decrease the reliability of agriculture water supply to less than 70%. Also, the water reuse with more than 90% reliability, is the most effective strategy for dealing with climate change. The crop pattern change includes comparable water demand reliability, but less costs. However, execution of crop pattern change is a low-cost strategy, depending on farmers cooperation.   Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        57 - Spatial Distribution Pattern of Water Quality of Pireghar River with Using Water Quality Index (WQI) and Geographic Information System (GIS)
        Rasool Zamani-Ahmadmahmoodi Fatemeh Ghaedamini Maryam Najafi
        10.30495/jest.2021.21822.3090
        Background and Objective: Due to the importance of Pireghar River and discharging of various pollutants in this river, investigation of quality of Pireghar River seems to be necessary. On the other hand, the pollution zoning and give a correct image about quality status More
        Background and Objective: Due to the importance of Pireghar River and discharging of various pollutants in this river, investigation of quality of Pireghar River seems to be necessary. On the other hand, the pollution zoning and give a correct image about quality status of surface water by geographic information system (GIS) to make any management decision with more awareness.Method: Water samples from 5 station along the river was collected on February 2015, and water quality parameters namely pH, turbidity, temperature, TS, BOD, DO, nitrate, phosphate, and coliforms was examined. Sampling, preparation and analysis of samples was done according to the standard methods. The resulting data was compared with world standards and then analyzed using NSFWQI index and finally path of river was zoned using GIS.Findings: Based on NSFWQI index Pireghar river water quality was fluctuated between good and medium status at all stations. The highest NSFWQI quality index was related to the first station with quality index of 78 and lowest value was related to the fifth station with quality index of 66. As a result, pollution was increased from the first station to the next stations, and water quality has decreased.Discussion and Conclusion: In conclusion, for regular management of the river`s water some legislation should be determined and its monitoring program should be continued.  Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        58 - Analysis of Organophosphorus Pesticide Diazinon Residue in Water Samples of Abbas Abad River, Hamedan, Iran
        Sahar Orfi Yeganeh Soheil Sobhanardakani Saeed Jamehbozorgi
        10.30495/jest.2021.8358
        Background and Objective: Increasing population growth and the need to develop agricultural products have increased the use of pesticides and thus the pollution of water resources as one of the environmental problems. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the More
        Background and Objective: Increasing population growth and the need to develop agricultural products have increased the use of pesticides and thus the pollution of water resources as one of the environmental problems. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the residual concentration of diazinon pesticide in the water of Abbasabad River in Hamedan in 2014.Method: Water samples were collected from four stations along the Abbas Abad River. In the laboratory, after sample preparation, diazinon residues were determined using a spectrophotometric method. All statistical analyses were performed using the SPSS software.Findings: The maximum mean concentration of diazinon residues (µg/L) in samples of spring and summer seasons were 97.0 ± 10.2 and 202 ± 13.7, respectively. Also, the mean contents of pesticide residues in the water samples in both seasons were higher than the maximum contaminant levels (MCLs) established by WHO and EPA.Discussion and Conclusion: Due to exceeding the average residual concentration of pesticides in the evaluated water samples, it is necessary to pay attention to issues such as training gardeners in order to use pesticides correctly and in principle. Also, measures should be considered in order to use the water of this river for drinking or farming cold-water fish.  Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        59 - Investigating Different Methods for Estimating the Need for Environmental Water (Case Study: Alandchay River)
        Elmira Pirouzian Mahdi Sarai Tabrizi Hossein Sedghi
        10.22034/jest.2021.34951.4204
        Background and Objective: Water resource development plans have several environmental impacts, the most important of which are natural river flow change and downstream surface reduction of flow. Estimation of the environmental flow required for the health of rivers and More
        Background and Objective: Water resource development plans have several environmental impacts, the most important of which are natural river flow change and downstream surface reduction of flow. Estimation of the environmental flow required for the health of rivers and downstream ecosystems are of particular important. A sustainable strategy is a revision of the allocation of water for various uses and an increase in the share of the environmental flow from the current 10% to (20-40%) annual yields of rivers. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the monthly distribution of the environmental flow of an indicating river with a permanent flow (Alandachay river) using existing hydro-ecological methods.Method: In this paper, seven hydro-ecological methods were used: (1- Tennant; 2- Tessman; FDC 4- Smakhtin 5- FDC shifting 6-DRM; 7- Water-quality method called Q-relation). The results of environmental estimation of Alandachay River were calculated using different methods.Findings: According to this paper, the environmental law of the Alandachay river in the FDC shifting method and with acceptance of the river conditions at the minimum ecological status acceptable (environmental management class C), at hydrometry station, average annual flow rate was estimated to be 1.56 cubic meters per second, which considering the amount of environmental water, the highest calculated amount of all seven methods and was calculated 0.39 by using Tennant method. The other remaining methods were between these methods.Discussion and Conclusion: The results of this paper show the accuracy of the FDC shifting method with the environmental class C at the studied station at 1.56 cubic meters per second as the bio-management class. These results show that quick methods of calculating the environmental flow used in Iran are mainly applied without considering the environmental conditions. This greatly reduces the accuracy of the results and even yields the opposite results. Manuscript profile
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        60 - Investigating the environmental problems of not respecting the privacy of rivers and providing solutions to reduce it
        hanihe hashemvand Maraym Ilanloo ali ghasemi
        Background and Objective: The increase in encroachment on the bed and privacy of rivers has become a meta-crisis. This encroachment takes place in various ways, such as the creation and construction of unauthorized mansions, illegal and indiscriminate sand harvesting, r More
        Background and Objective: The increase in encroachment on the bed and privacy of rivers has become a meta-crisis. This encroachment takes place in various ways, such as the creation and construction of unauthorized mansions, illegal and indiscriminate sand harvesting, river destruction, draining sewage and garbage, digging wells, etc. Several factors, including inappropriate laws, the weakness of the executive system, and the problems of the judicial system, have played a major role in the occurrence of these problems. The purpose of the research is to investigate the environmental problems of not respecting the privacy of rivers and the solutions to reduce it. Material and Methodology: This research is considered as descriptive-analytical research because we get new findings. Since it deals with determining and identifying the environmental problems of not respecting the boundaries of rivers, it is considered to be of an applied type. The data collection method is a library. In order to collect information, by referring to the relevant organizations, including the Ministry of Energy, Water and Soil Resources, the necessary information related to the boundaries of rivers was collected in the years 1380 to 1400. Part of the information of satellite and aerial images has been obtained. Findings: The results of the research show that the incomplete implementation of the law on fair distribution of water and the relevant regulations, the multiple management of the river bed and the boundaries, the existence of legal loopholes, the lack of ownership documents for the river bed, and ineffective water proceedings against the trespassers have caused this public wealth of Jolangah. be invaded and occupied. Discussion and Conclusion: The most important result of this research is that one of the most important reasons for the occurrence of floods and inundation is the non-observance of river boundaries in different regions of the country. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        61 - Forest types studying using ecological indices (Case study: Maroon side of Behbahan)
        Elahe Hekmatzadeh Reza Basiri Shahram Yousefi Maleehe Mozayyan
        10.30495/jest.2023.76623.5956
        Background and Objective: Sustainable management of renewable natural resources has special importance and sensitivity in Iran. Identify elements of the forest including forest types, is the most consistent way to manage natural resources and especially forests. River f More
        Background and Objective: Sustainable management of renewable natural resources has special importance and sensitivity in Iran. Identify elements of the forest including forest types, is the most consistent way to manage natural resources and especially forests. River forests are important areas for preserving biodiversity and ensuring the sustainability of the forest ecosystem. On this principle, it is necessary to know and understand the state of the structure of these forests and the types of trees in them and to know the evolutionary process of forest ecosystems before any planning. The aim of this study is forests typing of Maroon riverbank. Material and Methodology: 116 plots were chosen with an area of 100 using a systematic random sampling method with dimensions of grid for the study area. In each plot, tree and shrub species, canopy cover in the area of plot were estimated and recorded according to Braun-Blanquet scale corrected. Various parameters such as frequency, abundance and density were calculated. Through the sum of the above three relative parameters, the IVI index was obtained for each species. In order to compare the degree of similarity between types, Sorenson's similarity index was used. Relative abundance values for each species in pure and mixed types were set on a 10-unit scale and divided into four specific groups. After determining the tree types of the area, their map was drawn through IDW interpolation method in GIS10.1 software. Findings: In pure type, Tamarix ramosissima and Populus euphratica, with the highest and lowest frequency (6.7 and 3.3) are indicated as high and low respectively. In general, three types were found including pure, mixed with two and three species. The most amount of Sorenson similarity index was determined between two types of Tamarix-Populus and Tamarix-Lycium (93%) and also Populus-Tamarix and Populus-Lycium (92%). The lowest similarity index value of 12% to 15% was observed between the Populus-Lysium-Tamarix type with pure Tamarix, Tamarix-Lysium, Tamarix-Populus and Populus-Tamarix types. Minimum and maximum maturity index was obtained for pure types (50%) and mixed types (79%), respectively. Pure types have low maturity and mixed types have high maturity. The maturity index for the entire region was 72%, which indicates high maturity. Discussion and Conclusion: The tree cover of the river forests of Maroon Behbahan were classified into pure and mixed types on a general scale. The number of two pure types of Tamarix and Populus and seven mixed types including four cases of two types and three cases of three types were obtained. Three species (Tamarix arceuthoides, Populus euphratica and Lycium Shawii) are generally important in the creation of regional types. Among the pure and mixed types, Tamarix was recognized as the most abundant species. The great similarity between pure Tamarix, Tamarix-Lycium and Tamarix-Populus types is due to the common and dominant presence of Tamarix in these types. A variety of different types in a limited area represents complex river ecosystems. Manuscript profile
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        62 - Spatial Analysis of Contamination in the Arvand River Using GIS
        Nasrin Abdolkhanian Heeva Elmizadeh Ali Dadolahi Sohrab Ahmad Savari Mohammad FayazMohammadi
        10.22034/jest.2021.30534.3895
        Background and Objectives: Arvand River is a vast river in the southwest and on the border of Iran and Iraq, which is threatened by a variety of pollutants such as industrial effluents, fertilizers, chemical toxins and municipal wastewater that have adverse effects on t More
        Background and Objectives: Arvand River is a vast river in the southwest and on the border of Iran and Iraq, which is threatened by a variety of pollutants such as industrial effluents, fertilizers, chemical toxins and municipal wastewater that have adverse effects on the environment and ecosystem. The purpose of this study is spatial analysis of pollution changes in Arvand River using GIS.  Method: In this research, pollution distribution modeling using GIS in Arvandrud river has been used using three-dimensional and hydrodynamic model of Coherence. The continuity equation, Navira-Stokes equations in three dimensions and salinity and temperature transfer equations are solved by separation method. The applied boundary conditions include temperature, salinity and discharge changes for the open river boundary and temperature and salinity changes and the application of tidal components O1, S2, M2 and K1 for the open sea boundary are used in the model. Findings: We call the outputs of the Coherence model, which are in NetCDF format, in the GIS environment, then georeferences the contamination of a specific time (tidal mode), and finally classifies it in the GIS environment. Discussion and Conclusion: In this regard, the changes in the pollution of the taxonomic river and the Arvand River are classified on a scale of 1 to 5, with rank 1 indicating the lowest degree of pollution and rank 5 indicating the highest degree of pollution. According to the percentage of area covered by pollution in different stations, it was observed that the highest level of pollution in the first station in the mode of mode and low water with a value of 32.27%, in the second station in the state of low tide with a value of 32.87% And in the third station, it is 28.48% in fashionable and watery mode. Manuscript profile
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        63 - Study of Quality & Pollution of Urmia Gadarchay Catchment, Using Water Quality Index and WRASTIC Vulnerability Model
        nazli Moghadam yekta Seyed Ali Jozi abdolreza karimi
        10.22034/jest.2020.34714.4184
        Background and Objectives: Study area of this study is Gadarchay Catchment (Part of Urmia Basin) that has been affected by the agricultural and industrial activities as well as population points. In this study, quality and pollution of Gadarchay Catchment Using Iran Wat More
        Background and Objectives: Study area of this study is Gadarchay Catchment (Part of Urmia Basin) that has been affected by the agricultural and industrial activities as well as population points. In this study, quality and pollution of Gadarchay Catchment Using Iran Water Quality Index and WRASTIC Vulnerability Model has­ been investigated to improve water quality, preventing of pollution and reducing pollution load by using management mitigation plans. Method: After collecting the history of study and completing the information, the catchment area have been assigned and divided to eight zones. Then sampling stations have been chosen by some criterions and sampling program have been started seasonally and the water quality index using IRWQISC have been estimated. Findings: The quality of rivers was in partly bad to partly good. The vulnerability of the catchment area has been calculated 59 that show the high sensitivity of the river catchment area. Availability of pollutants in the study area for example fisheries, bird houses, slaughter house, industrial areas and urban and rural areas by the river and discharge of waste water, causes wide pollution in river specially in mid-zone and downstream of the catchment area. These pollutants are increasing due to the growth of population and industrial and agricultural development. Discussion and Conclusion: For improvement of water quality and preventing of pollution, management mitigation plans are used and proposed plans including one structural plan, four non-structural plans and two joint plans are planned. Also it’s useful to detect pollutant sources and quality conservation acts and pollution control in case of monitoring of water quality projects and reforming the existing water­­ quality monitoring. Manuscript profile
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        64 - Investigation of Water Quality of Chehelchay River Using IRWQIsc Index
        Mehrab Aghaee Ali Heshmatpour Mojtaba G. Mahmoodlu S. Morteza Seyedian
        10.22034/jest.2019.36957.4341
        Background and Objective: Rivers water quality study can be a great help to water-resource management and planning. This study was conducted to investigate the water quality of Chehelchay River using the IRWQISC. Method: In this study, water samples were collected from More
        Background and Objective: Rivers water quality study can be a great help to water-resource management and planning. This study was conducted to investigate the water quality of Chehelchay River using the IRWQISC. Method: In this study, water samples were collected from seven different stations along Chehelchay River during a period of 6 months. In order to use IRWQISC, the physicochemical and biological some parameters were measured. After calculating the IRWQISC values for each station, the changes in the IRWQISC values were investigated along river. Then, the results of IRWQISC were compared drinking water and agriculture water standards. Findings: The results of this study showed that Chehelchay River water was situated in a relatively good quality category based on the IRWQISC. IRWQISC diminished in the flow direction from the upstream sampling point to the outlet of basin resulting in a reduction in water quality of river. Results also showed that there is a direct relationship between IRWQISC and the rate of discharge so that the value of IRWQISC increases with increasing the rate of discharge. Discussion and Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the average IRWQISC index was better than summer season in spring. Flow changes and IRWQISC index indicate a direct relationship between them, with a slight increase in the rate of fluctuation. Comparison of parameters used in IRWQISC with drinking water and agriculture water standards showed the Chehelchay River water is suitable only for agriculture uses and it cannot be used for drinking purposes. Results showed that water purification must be performed to remove fecal coliform and reduce turbidity of water before using as a drinking water source. Manuscript profile
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        65 - Phytoplankton, Diatoma ,Cyanobacteria, Ecosystem, The River Gilan Bijar
        Kheizaran Ebrahimi Sabet Masomeh Jamal Omidi Jannat Sarmad
        10.22034/jest.2019.22885.3216
        Background and objective: Phytoplankton in the structure and function of freshwater ecosystems play an important role. Quality and quantity of phytoplankton depend on in part on water the load nutritious. Therefore, the use of phytoplankton in different ecosystems, wate More
        Background and objective: Phytoplankton in the structure and function of freshwater ecosystems play an important role. Quality and quantity of phytoplankton depend on in part on water the load nutritious. Therefore, the use of phytoplankton in different ecosystems, water is used to measure water quality or water pollution. Method: The river of Bijar city in Gilan area, which is one of the most important rivers in the country, in addition to the main source of drinking water supply in the region, is important for various uses in agriculture. 48 samples were taken for a wet year from July 2015 to June 2016 in 4 designated stations along the main tributary of Bijar city and the effect of physicochemical factors on the composition and frequency of phytoplankton in different seasons were studied and analyzed. Finding: The results of the study of biological River Bijar, indicates the presence of 5 branches and 57 Genus in the region. The frequency of Bascillariophyta branches on other branches were dominant in all seasons. Discussion and Conclusion: Using Spss software and Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, it was found that the collected data for all parameters have a normal distribution and the number of phytoplankton has a significant correlation with temperature, pH and nitrogen. Manuscript profile
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        66 - Isolation and Identification of Cadmium Resistant Proteus sp. and Its Potential in Cadmium Bio Removal
        Marjan Mirhosseininia Maryam Ghane Parisa Nejatkhah
        10.22034/jest.2018.18266.2709
        Background: The contamination of ecosystems with heavy metals is an important issue in current world. Removal of heavy metals from contaminated sites using microorganisms is a cheaper alternative to chemical technologies. The aim of present study was isolation and chara More
        Background: The contamination of ecosystems with heavy metals is an important issue in current world. Removal of heavy metals from contaminated sites using microorganisms is a cheaper alternative to chemical technologies. The aim of present study was isolation and characterization of Cadmium resistant bacteria, determination of Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and bio removal potential of the isolates. Materials and Methods: Isolation of Cadmium resistant bacteria was carried out by enrichment method by medium supplemented with Cadmium chloride. The minimum inhibitory concentration of Cd2+ was determined by the agar plate dilution method and the Cadmium removal evaluated by atomic absorption spectroscopy. Identification was carried out in accordance with Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology and phylogenetic analysis was performed based on 16S rRNA gene sequences. Results: A total of 40 Cadmium resistant strains were isolated from Salour River in Islamshahr. The results showed that bacterial strain ST1 isolated from sediments was highly resistant to Cadmium. The MIC of Cd2+ for selected isolate was 6 mM. The isolate was able to remove 65.2% of Cadmium at Cadmium concentration of 1 mM. Phylogenetic analysis showed that ST1 belongs to the genus Proteus with 99% similarity to Proteus mirabilis then designated as Proteus sp. HM_AF12. The strain had a wide pH tolerance of 5.5–9.0, and salt tolerance was up to 7.5% NaCl. Conclusion: The results implied that Proteus sp. HM_AF12 can be a low cost and environmental friendly bio sorbent that may have important application in Cd2+removal from polluted environment. Manuscript profile
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        67 - Comparison of Hydrology and Eco Hydrology Methods in Environmental Flow Estimation of Mahabad River
        nazak rouzegari mohammad taghi sattari hajar feyzi
        10.22034/jest.2018.21469.3062
        Background and Objective: In water resources management and operation, especially for dam reservoirs, supplying the minimum water demand for protecting the life of the different plant and aquatic species is essential. Allocating the environmental flow for Mahabad River, More
        Background and Objective: In water resources management and operation, especially for dam reservoirs, supplying the minimum water demand for protecting the life of the different plant and aquatic species is essential. Allocating the environmental flow for Mahabad River, as one of the most important rivers in the Urmia Lake basin, is very crucial. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to estimate the minimum environmental flow for Mahabad River using Eco-Hydrology methods. Method: In this study, the environmental flow for Mahabad River was estimated by five methods, namely Tenant, Tessman, Flow Duration Curve (FDC) Shifting, Desktop Reserve Model (DRM), and Flow Duration Curve Analysis (FDCA). Findings: According to the results obtained in this study, to protect Mahabad River in the acceptable minimum environmental condition, the FDC shifting model considering class B (35.1% MAR (mean annual runoff), equivalent to 2.75 m³/s) and DRM considering class B/C (27.24% MAR, equal to 2.13 m³/s) led to approximately similar and acceptable results. Discussion and Conclusion: Generally, the FDC shifting model and DRM that consider different hydrological classes are preferable to other methods, and these methods can be used to determine the environmental flow for Mahabad River. Manuscript profile
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        68 - Investigation of Benthic Macroinvertebrate Besed on Bio-indicator in Zarin-Gol River, Golestran Provinc
        Mohammad Gholizadeh Mohammad Hadi Pakravan
        10.22034/jest.2019.11178
        Background and Objective: Due to increasing population and demand for aquatic products and protein, in recent years the construction of fish farms, especially cold-water fish farms along the rivers has increased, and the effluent discharge of these farms without any tre More
        Background and Objective: Due to increasing population and demand for aquatic products and protein, in recent years the construction of fish farms, especially cold-water fish farms along the rivers has increased, and the effluent discharge of these farms without any treatment to the natural habitats of adverse and destructive effects. Eating the natural balance of the water will help the ecosystems. Among the most important communities of rivers and streams are large invertebrates. These organisms are able to represent water quality changes as a biological indicator. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of untreated effluent of fish farms on large invertebrates of Zarrin Ghee brook, because the inflow of these effluents into streams and rivers affects the structure and composition of streams, causing disruption of ecological balance. Method: In the present study large biodiversity of aquatic invertebrates as well as water quality using biomarkers in Zarrin River, Golestan province in winter 2015 and spring 1395 m2 at 4 stations and monthly (at entry, exit and 500 and 1000 m downstream farm) Fish breeding) was done by sampling with a Surface bumper level of 0.09 m 2 in three replications. Samples were fixed with 4% formalin and isolated, counted and counted in the laboratory. Findings: Increased human activities, including the presence of fish farms in the area, can contaminate the surface water of the river. A total of 2179 specimens of large benthic invertebrates were identified, belonging to 35 genera, 28 families and 9 orders. Frequency of these organisms, were respectively Diptera with 46.9%, Ephemeroptera with 27.7%, Trichoptera with 16.9% and Lmbricida with 2.31% and the rest with 6.19%. Discussion and Conclusion: The result sowed that Shannon diversity, Evenness, TBI, IBI and IRWQISC were good indicators for water quality assessment in the study stations. In general, water quality in study area except station 2 (after fish farm) was desirable that the necessity of efficient water management to improve water quality in this region. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        69 - The assessment of Diazinon, Carbaryl and Azinphous metyl pesticides Residue in the rivers of Qom, Iran in 2016
        Abedin Saghafipour Mohammad Reza Khaksar Nahid Jesri Fatemeh Rezaei
        10.22034/jest.2019.11142
        Background and Objective: Given the widespread use of pesticides to preserve crops, their retention in the environment is inevitable. Agricultural development and the use of various pesticides in Qom province can affect the aquatic ecosystem for a long time. The aim of More
        Background and Objective: Given the widespread use of pesticides to preserve crops, their retention in the environment is inevitable. Agricultural development and the use of various pesticides in Qom province can affect the aquatic ecosystem for a long time. The aim of this study was to determine the residual concentrations of organophosphorus pesticides azinfus methyl and diazinon and carbamate carbohydrate toxin in water of major rivers of Qom province. Method: In this study, 144 water samples were collected from 4 main rivers of Qom during 12 consecutive months in 2016. For determination of these pesticides, two methods (solid- phase extraction and Liquid-Liquid extraction) were adopted and samples were analyzed by means of HPLC and GC/MS applying standard methods. Findings: Final results showed that the most concentration of Diazinon, Carbaryl and Azinphos metyl pesticides were found to be about 24.5 ppb (part per billion), 14.52 and 4.54 ppb in summer respectively. The minimum concentration of the three pesticides was detected in winter. According to the statistical test Two - Way ANOWA there were significant differences among pesticides concentrations in the water samples in different seasons (p<002). Results and Discussion: The findings of present study had shown that pesticides residue concentration in water samples is more than standard level. As a result of the continuous use of these pesticides in the agricultural activity, these emissions can be a serious threat to public health. Manuscript profile
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        70 - Investigation of Metals Bioaccumulation in Sediment and Fish Muscle of Dez River in 1393
        Samar Mortazavi Parisa Norozi Fard
        10.22034/jest.2018.14335.2300
        Background and Objectives: The necessity of measuring elements in aquatic life comes from two aspects of ecological management and human nutritional health. In the present study, concentrations of Cu, Pb, Zn and Cd in sediments and muscle tissue of four native fish spec More
        Background and Objectives: The necessity of measuring elements in aquatic life comes from two aspects of ecological management and human nutritional health. In the present study, concentrations of Cu, Pb, Zn and Cd in sediments and muscle tissue of four native fish species of Dez River were studied to study metal contamination and its relationship with status factor (CF) and bioconcentration factor BCF). Materials and Methods: After bioassay of fish samples, digestion of the samples was performed by combining one to four nitric acids with perchloric acid and the concentration of the elements was measured by an absorbent apparatus.On the other hand, CF values ​​were lower than the thresholds introduced for salmonids. Also comparisons of Zn concentrations in sediments are higher than the world standard CaISQG and tolerable IAEA-407 levels and in muscle tissue, Zn and Cd concentrations are higher than UK standards (MAFF) and NHMRC, respectively, indicating dangerous levels. They are for human health. Fidings: The mean concentrations of metals in sediments and muscle tissue showed a decreasing trend for Cd, Pb, Cu, Zn and Pb, Cd, Cu, respectively. Statistical analysis of the results showed the highest correlation between the accumulation of metals and CF in the twin species and the highest loading of its contamination by calculating the MPI index. The resulting BCF also shows a decreasing trend in the uptake of cadmium, zinc, copper and lead from the environment. Discussion & Conclusion: It seemsthat the conditions of the study area from Dez River are unfavorable for fish compared to free waters and high cadmium concentration in studied samples can be due to effluent. The farmland overlooks the river. Manuscript profile
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        71 - Assessment and monitoring of land use degradation around the urban river valley using landscape ecology approach (Case study: Gheshlagh river valley)
        Morteza ghobadi alireza sepahvand Masumeh Ahmadipari
        10.30495/jest.2019.41952.4549
        Background and Objective: Assessment of the resilience threshold based on the characteristics of landscape causes an appropriate management for vulnerability and identifying resilience areas. This study assessed the resilience threshold with the landscape ecology approa More
        Background and Objective: Assessment of the resilience threshold based on the characteristics of landscape causes an appropriate management for vulnerability and identifying resilience areas. This study assessed the resilience threshold with the landscape ecology approach by using quantitative methods in the Gheshlagh river valley.Material and Methodology: The study area was classified into five homogeneous zones based on the characteristics of the composition and distribution of the landscape structure, and the vulnerability and resilience of the zones were determined. The vulnerability was calculated based on the status of the signs and their changes, and the resilience of the zones was determined based on 5 resilience criteria including ability of resilience, speed of resilience, maximum resilience, amount of resilience, and possibility of resilience. The method of recording the quantitative characteristics of the landscape was completed using moving windows in the fragstat environment during the two periods of 2000 and 2018.Findings: The results of the vulnerability assessment of the zones showed that the vulnerability of the zones were 33%, 25%, 23% and 20% for A, D, C and B, respectively. The results of the resilience of zones showed that the zones A and D are not resilience against the changes, and also the amount of resilience B is more than all zones, the speed of resilience C is also more than the other zones.Discussion and Conclusion: The characteristics of the composition and distribution of the landscape structure have significant effects on the environment and the resilience threshold with the landscape ecology approach is a suitable tool for assessing and monitoring of urban land use. Manuscript profile
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        72 - Modeling Water Quality of Rivers Using QUAL2Kw Model (Case Study: Shahroud River)
        Rozita Areeyaenezhad Mahdi Sarai Tabrizi Hossein Babazadeh
        10.22034/jest.2018.30267.3894
        Abstract Background and Objective: Modeling water quality of rivers can be used as one of the most effective tools for water quality management in rivers and reducing the environmental impacts of entering pollutants. The purpose of this paper is to use the valid QUAL2K More
        Abstract Background and Objective: Modeling water quality of rivers can be used as one of the most effective tools for water quality management in rivers and reducing the environmental impacts of entering pollutants. The purpose of this paper is to use the valid QUAL2Kw 5.1 model to model water quality in Shahrood River. Method: In this paper, seven parameters of water quality have been used including dissolved oxygen (DO), biochemical demand oxygen (BOD), pH, total dissolved solids (TDS), total phosphorus, and total nitrogen four times in Shahrood River. Data from October of 2007 and July of 2008 were used to calibrate and data from September and October of 2008 were used to verify the model. Auto-calibration of model coefficients was done using genetic algorithm of the model. In order to compare simulated results with the observed data, determination coefficient and mean absolute error were used. Findings: The most important calibration coefficients of the model were related to TSS, BOD, total nitrogen and phosphorus. This model in simulation of pH and EC with mean absolute error of 0.19 and 163.89 during verification stage showed the most and the least accuracy, respectively. On average the minimum and maximum DO were measured 6.93 and 9.99 mg/L in September and October of 2008 respectively in Shahroud River. Also the highest and lowest accuracy of the model in simulating these parameters were related to July and October of 2008 with mean absolute error of 0.86 and 1.29, respectively. In addition the results showed accurate hydraulic modeling of hydraulic parameters changes of the river along the river had a great influence on modeling of the water river quality. Discussion and Conclusion: The results of this paper show the accuracy of the QUAL2Kw model in simulating water quality parameters of Shahrood River. On the other hand, the accuracy of the simulation of each parameter varies with the amount of its variation along the river so that the less the changes in a parameter along the river and at different intervals, the higher the accuracy of the model in simulating this parameter will be. Manuscript profile
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        73 - Uncertainty Evaluation of ANN and ANFIS Models in Inflow Forecasting into the Raees-Ali Delvari Dam
        Ali Eskandari Roohollah Noori Mohammad Reza Vesali Naseh Farimah Saeedi
        10.22034/jest.2020.20068.2909
        Background and Objective: Accurate information about the river flow significantly influences the water resources management for the communities that use the water. In this regard, this study aims to present a reliable prediction of the monthly discharge of Shahpour Rive More
        Background and Objective: Accurate information about the river flow significantly influences the water resources management for the communities that use the water. In this regard, this study aims to present a reliable prediction of the monthly discharge of Shahpour River, inflow to Raees-Ali Delvari Dam, located in the Boushehr Province, Iran. Methods: To forecast the monthly inflow to Raees-Ali Delvari Dam, the artificial intelligence models, i.e. artificial neural network (ANN) and adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS), were applied. Also, uncertainty determination of the both models was carried out in order to improve the application of their results in the management decisions in the water sector. In this regard, the simulated results of the models, tuned with the different pattern of calibration data, were used. Two indices, i.e. the width of confidence band (d-factor) and the values bracketed by 95 percent prediction uncertainties (95PPU) were applied in order to evaluate the models’ uncertainty.  Findings: Results of tuned ANN and ANFIS models indicated that although the both models had the appropriate values of determination coefficient (R2) and mean absolute error (MAE), their performance was along with considerable errors in the high extreme values. Besides, a look at through the uncertainty results of the models indicated the ANFIS model, that included the less d-factor and higher 95PPU values, had less uncertainty than the ANN. Discussion and Conclusion: Considering the same performance of the both ANN and ANFIS models in the calibration and test steps, it can be concluded that the ANFIS model was the best selection for monthly inflow prediction into Raees-Ali Delvari Dam due to its less uncertainty that ANN model. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        74 - Evaluating the relationship between psychological components and thermal comfort of users in urban open spaces. (Case study: Karun river bank in Ahvaz)
        Katayoun Afshoun mohsen taban mostafa masoudinejad reza jalilzadeh-yengejeh
        10.30495/jest.2022.55799.5181
        Background and Objective: Urban open spaces are areas where collective life takes place. In order to attract more citizens to these spaces, especially in tropical climates, the study of thermal comfort conditions is considered. Since heat sensation and perception vary f More
        Background and Objective: Urban open spaces are areas where collective life takes place. In order to attract more citizens to these spaces, especially in tropical climates, the study of thermal comfort conditions is considered. Since heat sensation and perception vary from person to person outdoors, a quantitative approach to dealing with thermal comfort alone is not enough; Rather, it is important to pay attention to the psychological components of individuals. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between psychological components in individuals and the category of thermal comfort. Material and Methodology: The present study was conducted by a combined method including descriptive method to explain the components of thermal and psychological comfort and survey method to determine the correlation between research variables. After conducting field surveys by a questionnaire by random method (using Cochran method) and measuring devices of climatic indicators, the weather conditions of different parts of the route On the 11th and 12th of Bahman 1398 (7 am to 1 am), measured and with the help of the Global Climate Index (UTCI) in the Karun River It is analyzed in Ahvaz. Findings: Evaluation and analysis of the extracted data show the effect of psychological components on the thermal response of individuals in different conditions. In fact, the mood of people in open spaces affects their thermal evaluation of the environment. Discussion and Conclusion: According to the research findings, the mental and psychological states of people in different conditions can have different and even unexpected thermal response both in the range of thermal comfort and outside it. Finally, solutions can be provided to better design urban spaces, to attract more audiences and arouse their sense of satisfaction. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        75 - Evaluation of Suspended Sediment Load by Sediment Rating Curves and Comparing with Artificial Neural Network and Regression Methods (Case study: Babolrud River Mazandaran Province)
        Alireza Mardookhpour Hosein jamasbi Omid Alipour
        10.22034/jest.2018.22430.3152
        Background and Objective: In this research the object is prediction of suspended sediment load by and artificial neural network (ANN), Sediment Rating Curves (SRC) and regression methodfor BabolrudRiver in Mazandaran province. Method: The inputs conclude discharge and t More
        Background and Objective: In this research the object is prediction of suspended sediment load by and artificial neural network (ANN), Sediment Rating Curves (SRC) and regression methodfor BabolrudRiver in Mazandaran province. Method: The inputs conclude discharge and the output is sediments concentration in time series. The input and output of river have positive procedure for (1979-2013) and 75% of data utilized for training and 25% for tests. For training the network, data that recognize issue conditions were selected and some data for testing, Findings: The results show the concentration of sediment suspended load derived artificial neural network and is close together and regression coefficient is 92.8%, while regression coefficient is 83% for sediment rating curves and 90% for statistical method respectively. Discussion and Conclusion: In conclusion, artificial neural network (ANN) has more workability and flexibility for prediction of suspended sediment load to sediment rating curves and statistical methods. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        76 - Simulating Water Quality of ARDAK River (Khorasan Razavi) using QUAL2KW
        Morteza Nikakhtar Seyedeh Hoda Rahmati Ali reza Massah Bovani
        10.22034/jest.2020.29264.3781
                              Background and Objective: Considering the importance of ARDAK River and dam in supplying drinking water of MASHHAD city as one of the biggest More
                              Background and Objective: Considering the importance of ARDAK River and dam in supplying drinking water of MASHHAD city as one of the biggest and most densely populated religious city of the world, preserving and maintaining water quality of this river is an essential task for providing water. This case study provides a model for water quality of ARDAK River by using appropriate and relevant tools which could calculate the values of water quality parameters along the entire length of main branches and it can be a beneficial approach for monitoring water responses to various contaminants and also for future decision making. Method: In this research QUAL2KW dynamic model has calibrated with available previous data (July 2014) and verified by results of field sampling which has been conducted in April 2016 for different aspects of water quality. Findings: Obtained results showed that this model made a good agreement with observed data such as DO, PH, COD and NO3 and it was able to simulate water quality for both river branches. Discussions and Conclusions: Abghad branch condition gets better due to less local population and contaminants, moreover agricultural, gardening and rural wastewater has affected both main branches of the river. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        77 - Evaluation of the Water Saving Scenario for Integrated Energy and Environmental Management and its Modeling Using LEAP Software (Case study: Energy system around Jajrood River)
        Nazanin Javadifard samira khadivi saeid motahari maryam farahani
        10.30495/jest.2019.38724.4417
        Background and Objective: Increasing energy consumption by reducing natural resources and contaminating the environment is a serious threat to human. Therefore, wise use and planning is important in this regard. Present study carried out to assess integrated energy and More
        Background and Objective: Increasing energy consumption by reducing natural resources and contaminating the environment is a serious threat to human. Therefore, wise use and planning is important in this regard. Present study carried out to assess integrated energy and environmental management using LEAP software around Jajrood RiverMaterial and Methodology:  Supply system (production, import, transmission and distribution of Latyan hydroelectric power plant), water demand of Jajrood River (urban, agricultural and industrial consumption) and environmental impacts of energy for the determined physical boundary range were modeled by using the capabilities of the LEAP software. Then, the results of model implementation in the reference scenario and scenario of water consumption optimization policies contains the different non-price strategies (household, agricultural and industrial sectors) were compared in a 10-year period.Findings: Energy demand in water sector and the supply of electricity in the base year (2016) were 506/4 and 5607/4 MkWh, respectively, which is expected to reach 651/2 and 7162/9 MkWh in 2026 under the reference scenario. While the total energy demand in the water sector and electricity supply of this region will be 422/5 and 7028/5 MkWh, in the water saving scenario. The carbon dioxide emission in the reference scenario will be increased from 6/43 Mt in the base year to 7/94Mt in 2026. While it will be 7/92 Mt under the proposed scenario.Discussion and Conclusions: By implementing the water saving scenario in the studied area, water consumption will decrease to 100 Mm3per year. Also it will be reduced 32/9 percent energy consumption and 20000 tons of greenhouse gas emissions in the year-end of the plan, which will be important in improving the environment. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        78 - Prioritizing the Amount of Contamination of Metals Using Pollution Load Factors and Potential Biologic Hazards in the Surface Sediments of the Rivers of the Southeast Coast of the Caspian Sea
        Sahabeh talesh pour Lobat taghavi Nasrollahzadeh Saravi
        10.22034/jest.2021.23986.3307
        Abstract: Sediments are the most important storage and uptake of metals and other pollutants in aquatic ecosystems and can reflect the quality of aquatic systems. In this study, sediment contamination to zinc, copper, lead and cadmium metals based on pollution index (PL More
        Abstract: Sediments are the most important storage and uptake of metals and other pollutants in aquatic ecosystems and can reflect the quality of aquatic systems. In this study, sediment contamination to zinc, copper, lead and cadmium metals based on pollution index (PLI) and evaluation of metal element hazards on living organisms based on biological hazard potential index (MERMQ) in surface sediments of rivers in the southeast coast of the Caspian Sea was performed. Methods: In order to measure and determine the indicators of metal pollution, sampling of surface sediments of the estuary and a distance of 1000 meters from the estuary of some rivers on the southeastern shores of the Caspian Sea including Gorganrood, Qarahsu, Nekaroudeh, Tajna, Talar and Babolrood was performed. Samples were prepared in the laboratory using a mixture of three nitric acids, fluoride and hydrochloric acid and then analyzed by atomic absorption spectrometry. Results: The results of the present study indicate that the MERMQ index of metallic elements in the sediments of rivers on the southern shores of the Caspian Sea ranged from 0.073 to 0.12 and the PLI pollution index ranged from 0.36 to 0.58. The results of comparing the concentration of metals in surface sediment samples with the sediment quality standard (NOAA) showed that in all studied stations the amount of measured elements is less than the amount of ERL. Conclusion: Results of MERMQ for sediments demonstrated that in estuaries of Gharesou and Talar river and 1000 metres from Babolroud, the prioritization of biological hazards is in low to medium level and in other stations in the study is in low level. Besides, the results of PLI in sediments Indicated that level of sediments’ pollution to heavy metals is in low level. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        79 - Assessment of Pollution from Trout Farms (Case Study: Haraz River)
        mitra tavakol Mansoureh Shayeghi Seyed Masoud Monavari Abdolreza Karbasi
        10.22034/jest.2021.17093.2584
        Background and Objective: Development of aquaculture and the necessity to comply with environmental standards reveal the need to study the potential adverse effects of this industry. One of the most devastating effects of aquaculture would be water pollution caused by t More
        Background and Objective: Development of aquaculture and the necessity to comply with environmental standards reveal the need to study the potential adverse effects of this industry. One of the most devastating effects of aquaculture would be water pollution caused by the discharge of untreated effluent from fish farms into the host aquatic ecosystems. Accordingly, the present study was performed to assess the contamination caused by trout farms on water quality of Haraz River in northern Iran. Method: For this purpose, a total number of 24 physical and chemical water quality parameters were sampled from 15 stations over a one-year period based on the standard methods. The maps of Topography, Geology, Hydrology, Soil, Land use, and access roads of the study area were prepared and studied. Furthermore, the pollutant sources, including fish farming pools, agricultural fields, residential areas, industries, and hot water mineral springs, located within the boundaries of the study area were also identified.   Findings: The results showed that concentration of BOD, NO3-, and PO4 at the stations 7 and 10 was very high. The reason for this can be proximity of several fish farms close to each other. . Moreover, the concentration of DO in the mentioned stations showed a substantial decline that may be due to increased consumption of oxygen due to proximity of multiple fish farms in these stations. Discussion and Conclusion: Overall, the results confirm the considerable impact of fish farms on the quality of surface water resources in the study area. This highlights the need to take the necessary management measues to control pollutants from the industry in the from of environmental guidelines and regulations. Manuscript profile
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        80 - Determination of organochlorine pesticide residues in the sediments of Rasht Rivers and their hazard assessment
        Shahab Yousefzadeh Ebrahim Asghari-Kaljahi Nasir Amel
        10.22034/jest.2021.11128
        Background and Objective: In this study, some samples of bed sediments from Rasht rivers were obtained and 19 organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) were determined for specifying the contamination profiles, distribution characteristics, effective factors and hazard of carcin More
        Background and Objective: In this study, some samples of bed sediments from Rasht rivers were obtained and 19 organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) were determined for specifying the contamination profiles, distribution characteristics, effective factors and hazard of carcinogenic compounds. OCPs as Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPS) haskhown vast distribution, persistence and accumulation in the environment. Their high toxicity to humans and non-target organisms are a significant threat to human health and biodiversity. Method: Identify and determine the concentrations of organochlorine pesticides analysis were conducted on bed sediment samples by liquid-liquid micro extraction method and then by gas chromatography flame ionization (GC-FID) and via external standard calibration curve drawing. Findings:Based on the analysis, total concentration of OCPs is in the range of 2.6-60.2 ng/g, with an average of 20 ng/g. The main sources of pollution are Heptachlor, HCHs, DDTs and Endosulfans and highest contamination of the dominant pollutant DDE isomers belonges to sediments of Pir Bazar River. Discussion and Conclusion: The results are showed that there were various amounts of new and past entries. The analysis shows that the potential source of high levels of DDTs and HCHs residues of pesticides returns to the pastconsumptions.   Manuscript profile
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        81 - Identify areas affected by flood risk and provide operational solutions to reduce deer losses in the Mond protected area
        Esmaeil Abbasi Hana Etemadi
        10.22034/jest.2021.62927.5487
        Background and Objective: Floods, as one of the most important annual natural hazards, cause irreparable human and financial losses specially in coastal area and delta rivers. Based on the presence of Iranian deer and the risk of their extinction due to flood losses in More
        Background and Objective: Floods, as one of the most important annual natural hazards, cause irreparable human and financial losses specially in coastal area and delta rivers. Based on the presence of Iranian deer and the risk of their extinction due to flood losses in the protected area Mond, identifying areas affected by floods and providing operational solutions to reduce the losses of this species became vitally important. So, it is the main purposes of this study. Material and Methodology: Vegetation cover, drainage density, distance from waterway, land type, land use, rainfall, land slope and land curvature have been used for modeling and zoning of floods in this study area Findings: Results show that around 1850 hectares of the protected area affected in flood time with a return period of two years. The flood zone increased by 4300 hectares with a five-year return period. Also, the flood impacted area reached to 22,700 hectares in flood with a 10-year return period. Discussion and Conclusion: According to the output maps and field data, it was concluded that the creation of low-rise platforms in the optimal habitat of deer would be the best ways to reduce deer losses by flooding. The location of these platforms chooses based on the flood zoning map, the deer presence and gathering points as well as the places with heavy loss of deers in previous floods. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        82 - Survey on Shavoor River Water Quality Using Water Quality Indexes (Hamzeh Village to Shavoor Dam)
        Mohammad Veisi Maryam Mohammadi-Rouzbahani Narges Zohrabi
        10.30495/jest.2021.29970.3855
        Background and Objective: Rivers are a small part of the world's running water and one of the main sources of water supply for various uses, including agriculture, drinking and industry. In this study, in order to investigate the quality status of part of the water of S More
        Background and Objective: Rivers are a small part of the world's running water and one of the main sources of water supply for various uses, including agriculture, drinking and industry. In this study, in order to investigate the quality status of part of the water of Shavar River located in Khuzestan province using water quality indicators 4 (NSFWQI), 5 (IRWQI) and (BCWQI) 6 in the study period from Hamzeh village to Shavar dam.Material and Methodology: Sampling of 5 selected stations along the river route was performed during six periods of winter of 1994 and spring of 1995 and after transferring the samples to the laboratory, the values ​​of quality parameters to calculate water quality indicators including: BOD5, COD, dissolved oxygen, nitrate and other qualitative parameters were determined by standard methods.Findings: According to the NSFWQI calculation results, for all stations during the sampling periods are between 40-36 and indicate poor water quality. Also, the index calculation results (IRWQI) for all stations during the sampling periods are between the values ​​of 46-43 and indicate relatively poor water quality. For the index (BCWQI) for all stations during the sampling period is between the values ​​of 27-39 and indicates the appropriate quality for agricultural use.Discussion and Conclusion: River water quality in all sampling periods is at a low quality level that water use is only suitable for agricultural purposes. Also, the inflow of drainage from agricultural fields containing chemical fertilizers, domestic wastewater is one of the main reasons for the decline in water quality. In determining river water quality, the index (IRWQI) is better than other indicators in Iran. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        83 - Modeling of Qaleh Rudkhan river sediment rate prediction, using LSTM neural network
        Mahbobeh Shadabi bejand Ebrahim Amiri
        10.30495/jest.2022.54871.5157
        Background and Objective: Proper estimation of the amount of sediment flowing in rivers is important as a data base for many river engineering designs and processes. Qaleh Rudkhan River is one of the most important water basins in the west of Gilan province. The most im More
        Background and Objective: Proper estimation of the amount of sediment flowing in rivers is important as a data base for many river engineering designs and processes. Qaleh Rudkhan River is one of the most important water basins in the west of Gilan province. The most important branches of the basin are two branches named Gasht Rudkhan and Ghaleh Rudkhan. The river (Qaleh Rudkhan) is made up of two branches (Heydaralat) and (Nazaralat). Therefore, the purpose of this study was to model the prediction of sediment rate in Qaleh Rudkhan River using long short-term memory neural network (LSTM). Material and Methodology: In this research, the recorded Debi-sediment statistics related to the statistical period of 1381 to 1395 has been used. These statistics include daily instantaneous Debi in cubic meter per second and daily instantaneous sediment in ton per day, which are measured simultaneously. The data used to model the artificial neural network are Debi-sediment values the accuracy of the predictions was evaluated with three error criteria. Findings: The three criteria considered are AFE, FFE and n-AFE, respectively. Discussion and Conclusion: Among these criteria, the FFE criterion showed that the correlation between the model output and the measured sediment data is appropriate. As a result, the LSTM model has the appropriate accuracy to predict the amount of sediment in the two rivers of Qala-e-Rudkhan. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        84 - Comparison of Models TOPSIS, SAW, ELECTRE and VIKOR in order to the prioritization of sedimentation and flood hazard of watersheds
        Mehdi Teimouri Ehsan Alvandi
        10.30495/jest.2022.45404.4731
        Background and Objective: To determine and zonation of flood prone hazardous area and prioritization the sub-basins in terms of flood potential can have great contributions in promising watershed management. The present research aims to prioritize flood and sedimentatio More
        Background and Objective: To determine and zonation of flood prone hazardous area and prioritization the sub-basins in terms of flood potential can have great contributions in promising watershed management. The present research aims to prioritize flood and sedimentation potential in the sub-basins of the Bonekooh watershed using TOPSIS, SAW, ELECTRE and VIKOR methods. Material and Methodology: In this present study, we used area estimation indices, drainage density, gravel coefficient, basin average height, basin average slope, curve number, sediment yield, cover percentage, sediment delivery ratio, runoff height and concentration time as an important indicators affecting water permeability, runoff production and, consequently, the potential for flooding and sedimentation. Then, using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method, the weight of each index is met. Following the formation of decision matrix with 18 options (sub-basins) and 11 criteria (evaluation index), Technique for order Preference by Similarity to ideal Solution (TOPSIS), Simple Additive Weighting (SAW), Elimination Et Choice Translation Reality (ELECTRE) and Vise Kriterijumska Optimizacija Kompromisno Resenje (VIKOR) techniques were used to prioritize sub-basins. Borda and Copland methods were used to combine the rank of proposed techniques. The residual sum of squares (RSS) method was used to determine the closest method to the final result. Also, in order to validate the models, we estimated the percentage change and the intensity of the changes. Findings: The results showed that the highest runoff height index (0.18) and the gravel coefficient had the lowest weight (0.028), according to experts. Prioritization results showed that in SAW, TOPSIS and VIKOR methods, sub-zones 9, 4, and 2 ranked first to third priorities respectively and are in a more critical situation, but in the ELECTRE approach sub-basins 9, 4, 2 and 7, respectively, have the first to third priorities. Considering the results of the combined ranking of the proposed techniques, sub-basins 9, 4 and 2 are in first to third priority, respectively, and have a more critical situation than the rest of the sub-basins. Also, zones with flood and sedimentation potential in the area showed that 32% of the area in high and very high risk. The results of the sum squared error showed that the VIKOR method had the least error and the ELECTRE method had the most error than the final ranking. Also, the TOPSIS and VIKOR methods with the lowest percentage of change (59.72%) were ranked first and the ELECTRE method with the highest percentage change (65.27%) is the last rank. The lowest intensity was also observed in the VIKOR method (4.59) and the highest intensity variation was observed in ELECTRE method (5.61). Discussion and Conclusion: Therefore, it can be said that multi-criteria decision-making techniques are a practical and appropriate approach for better decision-making based on mathematical sciences and optimization. Therefore, these types of low-cost and fast-track research can be prioritized to protect watersheds. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        85 - Evaluation of the concentration and distribution pattern of lead, zinc, chromium and cadmium in surface sediments of Karun River using geostatistics in GIS environment
        MIR MEHRDAD MIRSANJARI fariba hedayatzadeh Hamid Reza pourkhabbaz
        10.30495/jest.2020.31632.3988
        Background and Objective: In aquatic ecosystems heavy metals are very important due to their toxicity and endurance and having a high bio-accumulation in the environment. The aim of this research, Evaluation of the concentration and distribution pattern of heavy metals More
        Background and Objective: In aquatic ecosystems heavy metals are very important due to their toxicity and endurance and having a high bio-accumulation in the environment. The aim of this research, Evaluation of the concentration and distribution pattern of heavy metals (lead, zinc, chromium and cadmium) in surface sediments of the Karun River.Material and Methodology: To determine the concentration and distribution of heavy metals (lead, zinc, chromium and cadmium) in sediments of the Karun River in summer and winter of 2015, six stations were selected and from each station 3 samples of sediments were randomly collected. After transferring samples to the laboratory, drying and digestion of samples, the measurement of heavy metals was performed using a Flame atomic absorption spectrometry. An inverse weight-distance method was used to interpolate the distribution of heavy metals.Findings: According to the results, zinc had the highest concentration and cadmium had the lowest concentration among the studied metals in the surface sediments of the Karun River. The mean concentrations of lead, zinc, chromium and cadmium in summer were 26.28, 72.36, 53.48 and 3.85 μg/g dry weight and in winter were 13.47, 59.59, 30.26 And 0.42 μg/g dry weight, respectively.Discussion and Conclusion: Comparison of the measured heavy metals concentration by the American and Canadian national guidelines indicated that levels of Cr in the summer and Cd in surface sediments were higher than the Threshold effect level (Canadian Guideline) and Lowest Effect Level (NOAA Guideline). Whereas Concentrations of other metals were lower than mentioned limits. The findings of this study provide useful information on the distribution of heavy metals concentration in the Karun River sediments which can help monitoring and assessment of sediments in the region. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        86 - Investigation of the accuracy of multilayer perceptron network and radial base function in estimating river sediment (Case study: Zayandehrud)
        Ramtin Sobhkhiz Alireza Mardookhpour
        10.22034/jest.2021.56444.5208
        Background and Objective: Estimating the amount of sediment by the river is one of the topics that has been considered by many researchers since the past. Reduction of the dam reservoir capacity because of sediments has different effects on different sections and causes More
        Background and Objective: Estimating the amount of sediment by the river is one of the topics that has been considered by many researchers since the past. Reduction of the dam reservoir capacity because of sediments has different effects on different sections and causes adverse effects on the water rights that were initially agreed upon, which will impose several economic and specific consequences. This study aims to model and estimate the amount of suspended sediment using existing experimental equations and new methods called black box. Material and Methodology: The discharge (volumetric flow rate) related to Zayandehrud River in Eskandari station, one of the hydrological measuring stations, has been used to estimate the amount of sediment. For this purpose, water discharge and sediment rate are used as input and output, respectively. Findings: According to the obtained results, it is concluded that the RBF network has better performance due to less error in the test stage, but the MLP network seems to have a better performance considering other parameters and the error in the TRAIN stage. Discussion and Conclusion: Finally, after modeling by using neural networks, the Einstein relationship, and the sediment measurement curve, it is inferred that neural networks are more accurate to estimate the amount of sediment. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        87 - Impacts of droughts on environment flow (Case study: Minab River, Hormozgan, Iran)
        Saeedeh Rostam Afshar Seyedeh Hoda Rahmati Hedayat Fahmi
        10.30495/jest.2022.55583.5171
        Background and Objective: One of the the most effective method to protect environment, is to know minimum amount of water required for environment at the right time. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of drought on the environmental flow of Minab River More
        Background and Objective: One of the the most effective method to protect environment, is to know minimum amount of water required for environment at the right time. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of drought on the environmental flow of Minab River, in order to create environmental balance.Material and Methodology: Because of insufficient knowledge of different methods in Iran and their compatibility with management and climatic conditions of the country, after reviewing all available methods, the modified Montana and the flow continuity were selected as the optimal methods.Findings: After selecting the study area, flow discharge at the Brentin station in the Minab River during the years 1963 to 2017 were collected. Firstly, monthly average flow was calculated and later, annual average flow was determined which was equal to 8.16 cubic meters per second. Since the monthly average flow for October, November amd May to September are less than the annual average flow, they were considered as low water period and from December to April were considered as high water period. In the next step, river flow for low-water period and high-water period were calculated and equaled to 2.80 and 15.65 cubic meters per second respectively. Finally, based on different management classes, environmental flow of the Minab River using modified Montana method was calculated and equalled to 0.28 for the low water period and 1.56 for the high water period. Environmental flow with flow duration method equaled to 1.24 cubic meters per second.Discussion and Conclusion: The results reveals that, minimum flow to meet the environmental needs for the Minab River during low water period should be considered 0.28 and between 1.24 and 1.56 cubic meters per second at high water period repectively.  Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        88 - Investigating Water Quality of Sufi Chay river using macrobenthos indicators
        mahsa mobasheri lobat taghavi Seyed Mohammad Bagher Nabavi
        10.22034/jest.2019.18876.2762
        Background and Objective: The present study investigates the water quality of Sufi Chay river in Maragheh, Iran using Benthos groups and their population structures in 2015. Material and Methodology: Overall, 9samplingsites were selected in the region and Macrobenthos More
        Background and Objective: The present study investigates the water quality of Sufi Chay river in Maragheh, Iran using Benthos groups and their population structures in 2015. Material and Methodology: Overall, 9samplingsites were selected in the region and Macrobenthos were sampled in triplicate at each siteusing a 25×50 surber. The samples were stabilized by Formaldehyde 4% and their species, family and genus were identified. A total of20Macrobenthos species from 19 families, 10 orders and 2 classes were evaluated. Baetis sp. was the dominant species in winter and summer. Findings: The results indicate that the 7 and 9 sites with the aggregation of 47 and 128 Macrobenthos per m2 were dominant in winter and summer, respectively. Regarding Welch model, water quality of Sufichay river was moderate at most sites in both seasons. However, the water quality at the 7 site in winter and the 8 and 5 sites in summer was unsuitable. According to the BMWP Index, water quality of the river, except the 8 and 9 sites in winter, was suitable. Discussion and Conclusion: Regarding the results of this research it can be concluded that Macrobenthos community is an effective bioindicator to assess environmental conditions of the Sufi chay river. In addition, the results of this study display the relatively suitable water quality of Sufi Chay river. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        89 - Surface water Quality modeling using SWAT for ARDAk Basin of Mashhad
        MORTEZA NIKAKHTAR Seyedeh Hoda Rahmati Ali reza Massah Bovani iman Babaeian
        10.30495/jest.2022.64534.5573
        Background and Objective: During last decades, despite developing various reports and techniques, due to over expansion of water pollution, hydrological models have become sophisticated tools for water resources management and planning because of their remarkable abilit More
        Background and Objective: During last decades, despite developing various reports and techniques, due to over expansion of water pollution, hydrological models have become sophisticated tools for water resources management and planning because of their remarkable ability to analyze information and economic savings resulting from their application. In this study, using the SWAT semi-distributed model, which operates on the basis of physical and non-physical processes governing the water environment, quantitative and qualitative modeling was developed for Ardak River which supplies a significant part of water demand in drinking and agricultural sectors of Mashhad mega city. So, this research is going to provide a right tool for future planning and design making. Material and Methodology: After entering the information and constructing the model in Swat, for calibration and verification of stream flow, NO3, MINP, TSS, DO and CBOD in SWAT-CUP model, sampling and testing of different water quality parameters were performed in 12 monthly periods from march 2019 to February 2020. Findings: The results showed that except for nitrate, the amount of other water quality parameters such as phosphorus, sediment and carbonaceous organic matter is higher in wet seasons. Discussion and Conclusion: The developed model has a considerable ability to simulate the actual condition of the river and it can be applied to define and implement a variety of scenarios affecting water quality for identifying the best practices by testing different options. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        90 - Evaluating the Resilience of Local Communities in Isfahan to Zayandehrood River and Madies’ Drying up
        Melikasadat Amirzadeh Naser Barakpour
        10.22034/jest.2019.43822.4637
        Background and Objective: Zayandehrood River is the largest river of central Iran, which passes through the city of Isfahan. This river has constantly contributed to the growth of Isfahan and, throughout the history, has provided the city with a green landscape, despite More
        Background and Objective: Zayandehrood River is the largest river of central Iran, which passes through the city of Isfahan. This river has constantly contributed to the growth of Isfahan and, throughout the history, has provided the city with a green landscape, despite the hot and arid climate of the region. Moreover, Madies are neighborhood aqua-ducts from Zayandehrood, initially developed for agricultural purposes and, as the city developed, turned into greenways for urban fabric. These aqua-ducts have been one of the major infrastructural elements of neighborhoods with key ecological and social roles. Recently, Zayandehrood’s drying up has become one of the most important incidents with devastating impacts on Isfahan and its local communities. Madies’ drying up has had negative impacts on the neighborhoods’ sense of place as well as local communities’ lives. Thus, the aim of this study is to evaluate the resilience of two local communities in the vicinity of Madies in Isfahan, namely Abbas Abad and Barazandeh districts.Material and Methodology:  This research incorporated survey and secondary data analysis to evaluate the resilience of these communities. The research was conducted based on a pre-developed community resilience framework. Overall, 22 authorities and experts from the Municipality of Isfahan and 379 residents from the two local communities were surveyed. Afterwards, the resulting data was analyzed quantitatively through SPSS software.Findings: The findings show that the overall community resilience level is below the moderate level. The lowest score, belonging to local institutional/governance factors, is 1.7 and the highest score is 3.25, a few points higher than the moderate level. The latter score belongs to spatio-physical factors in Abbas Abad district.Discussion and Conclusion:  Community resilience is not limited to the ability of communities in withstanding  adverse situations. Although the local communities of Isfahan are apparently accustomed to the status quo, the overall score of community resilience of these communities is below the moderate level. Therefore, there should be strategies to enhance the resilience of local communities in the city. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        91 - The effect of membrane structure on the performance of physical models of energy extraction from salinity gradient in Arvand River
        Somayeh Khodadadian Elikaiy Kamran Lari Masoud Torabi Azad Abdolreza Sabetahd Jahromi Afshin Mohseni Arasteh
        10.30495/jest.2022.67097.5676
        Background & Objective: The importance and necessity of discovering renewable energy sources and investing in electrical energy extraction methods is one of the biggest goals of developed and developing countries. Salinity gradient power is the use of the potential More
        Background & Objective: The importance and necessity of discovering renewable energy sources and investing in electrical energy extraction methods is one of the biggest goals of developed and developing countries. Salinity gradient power is the use of the potential in the concentration difference between two solutions, such as sea salt water and fresh river water, is one of the ways to obtain electrical energy. The electrical energy obtained from the process of salinity gradient power can be a good alternative to produce electrical energy, which is The objectives of this research are the effect of nanostructured membranes on the performance of physical models of energy extraction from the salinity gradient in Arvand River.Material and Methodology:  First, by examining the study area, Gibbs energy was calculated and its value was found to be negative. Therefore, the process of extracting energy from the salinity gradient is spontaneous. A physical model based on delayed osmosis pressure (PRO) method was designed and evaluated. The physical model designed with the TFC membrane is a nanostructure in which a difference in height was created by using river water and sea water in laboratory conditions with different concentrations. After designing the PRO and receiving the output from the physical model, the results with the pressure process model Reverse osmosis (RED) was compared. This research was conducted in 2020 using the required data from 2010 to 2018.Findings: By calculating the Gibbs energy in both reverse osmosis (RED) and delayed osmosis (PRO) processes, its value was negative. The designed physical model based on the PRO method was designed with a nanostructured TFC membrane, in which using water 10 ppm river and 50 ppm sea water created the highest amount of flow in laboratory conditions. The amount of potential difference created between the two ends of each cell in the reverse electrodialysis system was calculated according to the concentration ratio of sea water to river water for each hydrometric station and the highest The value for Khorramshahr station is 80 mV. This amount was obtained by using nano technique on the membrane used in this system and the proper design of the cell, which increased the efficiency of the device by 11 percent compared to non-nano membranes.Discussion and conclusion: By examining and comparing these two methods, we come to the conclusion that by obtaining the Gibbs energy in both processes, it is done spontaneously. Both methods of Khorramshahr station have the best efficiency. The advantage of RED compared to PRO is that the electrical energy produced occurs in a lower salinity gradient, while a higher salinity gradient difference is required in the PRO process. By calculating the energy production potential, Khorramshahr station has the highest efficiency. The use of nano-structured membrane has also had a direct effect on the performance of the device in both methods. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        92 - Ecological risk assessment and source identification of heavy metals including lead, arsenic, cadmium and zinc in surface water and sediments from Gheshlagh river, Sanandaj
        Faranak Faghiri Delnia Hajiahmadi Jamil Amanollahi Farshid Ghorbani
        10.22034/jest.2019.14536
        Abstract Background and Objective: Heavy metals are considered as serious pollutants due to their toxicity, persistence in natural conditions and ability to enter and accumulate in the food chain. Therefore, this study was carried to assess the potential ecological risk More
        Abstract Background and Objective: Heavy metals are considered as serious pollutants due to their toxicity, persistence in natural conditions and ability to enter and accumulate in the food chain. Therefore, this study was carried to assess the potential ecological risk and identify the source of heavy metals including lead, arsenic, cadmium and zinc in the surface water and sediments from Gheshlagh river, Sanandaj. Method: For this purpose, 16 samples of surface water and sediment were collected. Then, concentrations of arsenic, lead, cadmium and zinc were determined by atomic absorption spectrometry. Moreover, potential ecological risk index (PERI) and enrichment factor (EF) were utilized to assess the ecological risk, and heavy metals pollution index (HPI) was used to survey the effects of heavy metals on human health. Multivariate analyses such as correlation analysis, principal component analysis (PCA) and EF were used to identify human resource potential of arsenic, lead, cadmium and zinc. Findings: The results showed that the average concentration of a group of elements, including Pb, Cd and Zn, was higher than background levels, whereas average concentration of As was significantly lower than the background levels. Enrichment of the studied heavy metals was obtained as Pb> Zn> Cd> As in Gheshlagh river.  The results of PERI showed a low risk for Pb, As and Zn and a moderate risk for Cd in the samples under the influence of road traffic. Discussion and Conclusion: Considering the results of EF and PCA, it can be concluded that the concentration of As has been mostly affected by the geological structure. Pb and Cd concentrations in four sampling areas were equally affected by agriculture and road traffic. It was also found that the concentration of Zn is influenced by residential wastewater.   Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        93 - Scenarios In Climate Change Impact Assessment on Monthly Stream-flow of Karun Basin
        Mohammad Reza Khazaei Hadis Khazaei
        10.22034/jest.2018.12461
        Background and Objective: In this paper uncertainties of GCM’s structure and emission scenarios in climate change impact assessment on monthly stream-flow of Bashar River basins are investigated and compared. Method: stream-flow of the basin was simulated using a More
        Background and Objective: In this paper uncertainties of GCM’s structure and emission scenarios in climate change impact assessment on monthly stream-flow of Bashar River basins are investigated and compared. Method: stream-flow of the basin was simulated using a conceptual rainfall-runoff model. Climate scenarios simulated by 6 GCM under 3 emission scenarios for 2063-93 periods were downscaled using change factors method. Using these 18 future scenarios and observed climate data as inputs of the rainfall-runoff model, climate change impact on monthly stream-flow of the basin was assessed. Ranges of the results under various GCMs and emission scenarios were assessed and uncertainty of the GCMs and emission scenarios in the results were investigated. Results: In simulation of the monthly stream-flow of the basin, coefficient of determination (R2) reached values of 0.96 and 0.94 during calibration and validation, respectively. Under each of emission scenarios and GCMs it is projected that the amounts and annual cycle of the stream-flow will change. However, the amount and direction of the changes are different for various GCMs and emission scenarios. As instant, for September’s under various GCMs and emission scenarios the mean stream-flow may changes between 26% decrease to 123% increase. Conclusion: It is projected that climate change will have important impacts on the basin’s stream-flow. The uncertainty from GCM structure is larger than uncertainty from emission scenarios. However, the uncertainty from emission scenarios is significant, too, and cannot be ignored. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        94 - Introducing new equations for the reaction coefficient for modelling lead and cadmium heavy metals in riverine systems
        Ali Roshanfekr Seyed Mahmood Kashefipour Nematollah Jafarzadeh
        Pollutant and sediment transport is one of the main problems in riverine and estuarine systems and has negative effect on life.  Heavy metals are one of the main pollutants which modelling of these pollutants near the places that humans are living is very important More
        Pollutant and sediment transport is one of the main problems in riverine and estuarine systems and has negative effect on life.  Heavy metals are one of the main pollutants which modelling of these pollutants near the places that humans are living is very important. Heavy metals are non-conservative in nature and there concentration depends on salinity and pH.  The objective of this paper is to introduce new equations for the reaction coefficient of lead and cadmium using pH and EC variation in riverine systems. This paper first describes the governing equations of dissolved heavy metals in riverine systems.  Then it introduces the FASTER model for modelling the flow and heavy metal concentration downstream of the river.  In the current model the one dimensional advection dispersion equation was solved using the new ULTIMATE QUICKEST and FTCS methods.  This method has been verified using a standard example and then used to model the heavy metal concentration in Karoon riverine system.  In this regard for calibration and verification of the hydrodynamic model, the model was run in the Mollasani-Farsiat reach of the Karoon River and was calibrated using Ahwaz station observed data. In the end some equations were introduced for the reaction coefficient of lead and cadmium heavy metals and used in the model source code.  Later the model was run for five different reaction coefficients for lead and cadmium, which are as follow: 1- zero coefficient reaction, 2- constant coefficient reaction, 3- coefficient reaction as a function of pH, 4- coefficient reaction as a function of EC and 5- coefficient reaction as a function of pH and EC. The results of the model calibration and verification for lead and cadmium heavy metals show that selecting a varied reaction coefficient increases the accuracy of the model.  Selecting a varied reaction coefficient with pH and EC will increase the accuracy of the model about %91.71 and %97.71 for lead and cadmium respectively. Therefore this model and the new approach can be used as a useful tool for hydro-environmental modelling in riverine systems. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        95 - Measurement of water quality parameters and factors Gamasiab
        Lima Tayebi Soheil Sobhan Ardakani
        Introduction: In this survey to analyze the effect of Aquaculture Farms on quality of Gamasiab Rive, we selected five sampling station along the river for sampling .Water quality parameters were determined and then compared with standard limits. Materials and Methods More
        Introduction: In this survey to analyze the effect of Aquaculture Farms on quality of Gamasiab Rive, we selected five sampling station along the river for sampling .Water quality parameters were determined and then compared with standard limits. Materials and Methods: Sampling was done in three months August and September 2007 and March 2008 in the morning and evening because of the effect of Feeding in water quality. The water samples were gathered in polyethylene bottles and DO, pH, EC were determined at the station then samples were transferred to the lab for determining other parameters such as BODs, NH4+, NC)3, NOz and PC)43- Results: The results showed that only EC has no significant difference in stations but other parameters have that. For DO, pH and BOD5 parameters only between Bi station and control station (A) have not showed significant difference. NH4+ and NOa have showed significant difference between control station (A) and the others because of inputting the nutrition particles of aquaculture facility and villages wastewaters in the river. Also, between Aquaculture Farms there are significant difference in some parameters like NH4+ and NOs. For instance Ghazal Danesh farm with producing 100 tone fish entered more pollution to the river comparing with Ghazal Zaghros farm with producing 190 tone fish. Discussion and Conclusions: Comparing the water quality parameters in Gamasiab River with water quality classification table in physical, chemical and biological parameters showed that this river water quality is in ct-meso saprobe until P-meso saprobe. So, at present this river can do self-purification of pollution but because of the policy of developing Aquaculture Industry in Iran, especially Hamedan province and no controlling and monitoring on pollutant sources, this river would have serious problems such as purification in the future. Manuscript profile
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        96 - Analyzing the Strategies of Rehabilitation of Shahrood River by SWOT Technique
        Asadollah divsalar Pari shokri firoozjah Sajad ferdowsi
        Background and Objective: Due to the expansion of cities, rivers are considered among the last places where somehow represent the presence of nature in cities. However this spaces are opportunities that have been abandoned and ignored, and despite much potential they pr More
        Background and Objective: Due to the expansion of cities, rivers are considered among the last places where somehow represent the presence of nature in cities. However this spaces are opportunities that have been abandoned and ignored, and despite much potential they propose, they are not being used properly. In this regard, the main objective of the present study is recovery and rehabilitation of rivers and streams which yet have been rendering only their first function as passing runoff while their other capacity is left unused. In this regard, with proper planning and management and the use of suitable strategies, such spaces can be restored to use cycle. Method: This study is a descriptive-analytical type and the data and information have been collected through field studies and and documents. This study examines the river of Shahrood as a case study. Data and information gathered are analyzed using the SWOT technique. Results: SWOT matrix analysis shows that the restoration of Shahrood River is highly important for transportation and diversification strategies. Similarly, the second, third and forth priorities are the use of aggressive strategies, defensive strategies and direction of change strategies, respectively. In addition, from special aspects, diversification strategies are more important than the others, and the second, third and forth priorities are use of aggressive strategies, defensive strategies and direction of change strategies, respectively. In this regard, in terms of environmental and recreational activities, diversification strategies are placed in first priority, defensive strategies are placed in second priority, aggressive strategies are placed in third priority and direction of change strategies are in fourth priority. Conclusion: In general, it can be concluded that rehabilitation of study area is the first priority for dealing with the threats of the external environment. Also results of SWOT analysis techniques show that variety of strategies is first priority for rehabilitation of study area. Therefore, it is must to adopt some mechanisms for prevention of negative impact of external threats using the strength of the internal environment. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        97 - Evaluating the performance of Sistan and Zahak diversion dams in Sistan River using HEC-RAS hydraulic model
        Meysam Amiri Mahdi Kaikha Farzad Hassanpour
        10.22034/jest.2019.13701
        Background and Objective: Rivers are the main arteries of human life, thus control and proper exploitation of these surface resources require a proper understanding of their behavior and investment in the river improvement. By reviewing and evaluating the projects carri More
        Background and Objective: Rivers are the main arteries of human life, thus control and proper exploitation of these surface resources require a proper understanding of their behavior and investment in the river improvement. By reviewing and evaluating the projects carried out in this area, their positive and negative aspects can be checked and the obtained results can be used to overcome the projects shortcomings, improve their efficiency and make the future projects more fruitful. Method: Sistan River is the major border river between Iran and Afghanistan and Sistan life depends on it. The length of this river in Iran is about 70 Km. This study attempts to evaluate the performance of Sistan and Zahak diversion dam structures and the structures alongside the river using HEC-RAS hydraulic model. Findings: The results show that these structures increase the maximum Sistan flood power transmission in the absence of these structures from 500 m3/s to 810 m3/s. Considering the importance of estimating Manning roughness coefficient with high precision for hydraulic calculation in the river engineering projects, the main river bed roughness coefficient for the main river and the flood plains of Sistan were estimated as 0.02 and 0.035, respectively.  It was also found that Discharge-Return period relation can be expressed as. Existence of diversion dam structures on the unpredictable rivers such as Sistan River may double the flood power transmission in some cases. Discussion and Conclusion: In this study, the effect of 310 m3 per power transmission increse through Sistan River was observed. The reasons for the relatively low impact (the xpectation was more) are slight slope of Sistan plain, and water expansion on flood plain and back water in the direction of Sistan River flow. Manuscript profile
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        98 - The Survey and Comparison of Heavy Metals Hg, Cd and Pb in the Tissues of Liza Abu in the Karoon and Dez Rivers in Khoozestan Province
        Mohammad Velayatzadeh Abolfazl Askary Mojgan Khodadadi Mohammad Kazemian Mahboobe Beheshti
        Introduction: The heavy metals are from the pollutants which create too much problems in aquaticecosystems for aquatics and human. This study was done on concentration of heavy metals Hg, Cdand Pb in the muscle, liver and gill tissues of Liza Abu in the Karoon and Dez R More
        Introduction: The heavy metals are from the pollutants which create too much problems in aquaticecosystems for aquatics and human. This study was done on concentration of heavy metals Hg, Cdand Pb in the muscle, liver and gill tissues of Liza Abu in the Karoon and Dez Rivers in KhoozestanProvince in winter 2010.Material and Method: In this reaserch 216 sample of Liza abu were used randomly. Metals wereextracted from the tissues using wet Digestion method and concentration of the heavy metals wasmeasured by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer Perkin Elmer 4100. Analysis of the data wasdone by using of the SPSS17 software and analysis of the t-test determined exist or non-exist of thesignificant difference in level 95 (P=0.05).Results: The highest concentration of Cd, Hg and Pb 0.540±0.264, 0.027±0.002 and 1.08±0.128mg/Kg and the determined lowest concentration of Cd, Hg and Pb 0.346±0.040, 0.903±0.037 and0.023±0.001 mg/Kg.Discussion: This study showed there is not any significant difference in concentration of heavymetals Hg and Pb in muscle, liver and gill of Liza abu in Karoon and Dez Rivers. There was asignificant difference in Concentration of Cd in muscle and gill (between (P<0.05) but there was not asignificant difference in concentration of Cd in livers of all of them (P>0.05). Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        99 - Water quality and quantity modelling in Bahmanshir River and its channels
        Navid Dolatabadi Farahani Hamid Taheri Shahraiyni Mohsen Nasseri Moslem Ghasemi
        10.22034/jest.2017.11217
        Background and Objective: Bahmanshir River is one of the main water resources in southwest Iran. Salinity intrusion and other pollution sources have influenced the water quality in this river. In this study, quantitative and qualitative modeling of Bahmanshir River and More
        Background and Objective: Bahmanshir River is one of the main water resources in southwest Iran. Salinity intrusion and other pollution sources have influenced the water quality in this river. In this study, quantitative and qualitative modeling of Bahmanshir River and the water channels of Choebdeh shrimp culture is performed using MIKE11 software. Method: First, manning number of the river is estimated as 0.018 by integrated hydraulic modeling of the river and its water channels. Then, dispersion factor of the river is calculated as  (v: velocity) by solving Advection-Dispersion equation. Modeling of water quality parameters, such as dissolved oxygen, nitrate, ammonia, BOD and temperature, is performed using ECOLAB module in the MIKE11 software. The major parameters in the water quality model are determined using sensitivity analysis. These parameters were calibrated and the calibrated model is verified. Findings: The results showed that the water channels behave as complete mix systems. Conversion coefficients of water quality parameters are calculated, and then the average values of salinity, dissolved oxygen, ammonia and nitrate in the channels are calculated as 27000, 3, 3 and 5 ppm, respectively. In addition, these parameters in the river are about 5300, 2.2, 1.2 and 11 ppm, respectively. The correlation coefficient of developed hydraulic model in verification step is 0.95 and the percent of absolute error of verified salinity, dissolved oxygen, temperature, ammonia and nitrate models are 7.9, 12, 1.2, 0.79 and 0.34, respectively. Conclusion: The results demonstrated the capability of MIKE11 for water quality and quantity modeling in tidal rivers. Manuscript profile
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        100 - Assessment of Microbiological Contamination of Haraz River (Mazandaran Province) and Determine of Allowable Applications of Water River Comparison with Global Standards
        Nahid Shahsavari pour Abbas Esmaili sari
        Emrgence of water quality control measure has become more important as a result of water source limitation and increased discharge of pollutants arises from human activities. Besides, social and economic consequences of direct and indirect consumption of polluted waters More
        Emrgence of water quality control measure has become more important as a result of water source limitation and increased discharge of pollutants arises from human activities. Besides, social and economic consequences of direct and indirect consumption of polluted waters have duplicated the importance of this control. One of the important and vital problems in healthy water is fecal contamination of water that is important to determine for controlling of epidemic of microbial intestinal disease. In order to study and determine water quality of Haraz river, this river was studied in during 2003-2004 in 17 sites from Emamzade hashem to police station of Bayjan. Water sample were analyzed for microbial (E.coli, Coli form and Total count) contamination. The results showed that the downstream have much higher E.coli and Coli form than upstream and microbiological pollutant in spring season is much higher than other seasons in all of the stations. The results showed that the average E.coli and Coli form in Haraz river water comparing with global standard, because of the various municipal, domestic, agricultural waste water and crowd… is much higher than standards for most applications and it dose not have suitable hygienic quality Manuscript profile
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        101 - Investigation of Pb, Zn and Ni in Watershed of Anzali Wetland (case study: Goharrood River)
        Aryamen Ghavidel Faramarz Moattar
        Heavy metals are the most important pollutant factors of water resources specially rivers. Entrance ofmetals in natural aquatic ecosystems arises from discharging of domestic, agricultural and industrialsewage. With respect to the health risks possibility and also impor More
        Heavy metals are the most important pollutant factors of water resources specially rivers. Entrance ofmetals in natural aquatic ecosystems arises from discharging of domestic, agricultural and industrialsewage. With respect to the health risks possibility and also importance of aquatic ecosystems, in thisstudy the amounts of Pb, Zn, Ni elements in Goharrood river of Rasht were measured. The sampleswere collected in nine stages from five stations. Experiments were done by atomic absorptioninstruments. Results showed that the average amounts of Pb, Zn and Ni all along the river wererespectively 3830, 156 119,31 15 ppb. Maximum amounts were measured as follows: Pb 168 ppbin station 3, Zn 513 ppb in station 4 and Ni 60 ppm in station4.ANOVA doesn't show significant difference between the measured average amounts of Pb, but thereis significant difference between the average amounts of Zn and Ni elements in different stations. Thispaper shows that the stations inside the city measured a larger amount of the elements. This can be aresult of discharging large amounts of domestic and industrial waste water to this part of the river.Rates of the elements in Goharrood river were found to be over the maximum acceptable ratesdetermined by the department of environment for keeping aquatic organisms alive since Goharroodriver is one of the routes for water to enter Anzali wetland, there is a possibility of increased biologicalrisks in fish and human bodies. Manuscript profile
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        102 - Assessment of agricultural damages resulting from flood occurrence using HEC-RAS and Arc View
        Hossein Hekmatifar Mehrdad Nazariha Saeed Givechi
        The selection of a proper measure for flood control depends initially on the technical aspects of flood and floodplain, and then on economic aspects. Since in the cost-benefit analysis of flood control plans, flood mitigation is one of the most important benefits, it is More
        The selection of a proper measure for flood control depends initially on the technical aspects of flood and floodplain, and then on economic aspects. Since in the cost-benefit analysis of flood control plans, flood mitigation is one of the most important benefits, it is necessary to refine flood damage assessment measures. In this research study, the agricultural damages to Qarasoo floodplain have been assessed for different flood control plans. The study is done on a length of 29.5 kilometers on both sides of the river. The flood control plans which are studied here are: modifying the river’s bed, dredging the river’s bed, and a combination of the two. These are simulated using HEC-RAS and ARC VIEW software and the damage related to each plan is assessed. The results show that there is not a significant difference between dredging on the one hand and the combination of modifying and dredging plans on the other hand, although the difference was expected to be great. This could be due to the improper selection of a new path in the modifying plan. Manuscript profile
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        103 - Influence the amount of total organic matter (TOM)and Grain sediment on dispersal of Macrobenthic community in Western Haffar river in khoramshahr.
        Zeynab Gholami Seyed Mohammad Bagher Nabavi
        Introduction: khoramshahr is located 128 kilometers far from Ahwaz and in southwestern ofkhouzestan. Karoon River before reaching the Persian Gulf, in khoramshahr Divided in to twobranches Bahmanshyr and Hafar. In to the importance of Hafar River Hydrology situation tha More
        Introduction: khoramshahr is located 128 kilometers far from Ahwaz and in southwestern ofkhouzestan. Karoon River before reaching the Persian Gulf, in khoramshahr Divided in to twobranches Bahmanshyr and Hafar. In to the importance of Hafar River Hydrology situation that freshwater and salt water are important Macrobenthic it will.Method: In this study selected 10 stations within the study scope. Sampling Started on March 2008and ended on September of 2009. Samples by Van Vienn Grab sampler (0.025 m2) in both warm andcold season and once in each season was done. To the 3 samples from each station to identify benthicsediment and one sample for Grain sediment Analysis (GSA) and Total organic materials (Tom) wereharvested. Physicochemical parameters of the DO, salinity, PH and temperature were analyzed.Results: Macrobenthic between groups identified the most abundant Insect group and sex Nereis sp.Identified Macrobenthic groups consist of Polychaete 65.19%, Gastropoda 29.65%, Bivalvia 4.97%and Insecta 0.18% respectively. In stations that the amount of material dissolved was high,macrobenthics was significantly redused. In station 1(Soap factory) and residual tissues silt clay andsand was fine to their numbers. Most the benthic communities in the river downstream stations wereobserved in the amount of organic matter in sediments of these stations are less. In general, benthiccommunities were more in sandy sediment with low organic matter. Manuscript profile
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        104 - The Study of Qual2kw Model Efficacy on River Self-purification (A Case Study of Karun River at Interval of Zargan to Kute Amir)
        Pegah Hossieni Ali Reza Ildoromi Yasser Hosseini
        Background and Objective: Karun River is one of the largest rivers in the country and the present paper has studied Qual2kw model efficacy on self-purification of Karun River at interval of Zargan to Kute Amir. Method:  For this purpose changes in quality parameter More
        Background and Objective: Karun River is one of the largest rivers in the country and the present paper has studied Qual2kw model efficacy on self-purification of Karun River at interval of Zargan to Kute Amir. Method:  For this purpose changes in quality parameters of the river including: EC, NO3, TSS, BOD, DO, pH, and temperature in the year 2008-2009, for two months of August (dehydration) and January (high water) simulated and calibrated within 30 days by aforementioned model and was compared with observed data in months of September and February of the same year in the stations of Zargan, Pole Panjom, and Kute Amir. In addition, for the determination of the validity of Qual2kw  model and comparing of observed data with computational data, square of correlation coefficient (R2) and Standard Error of Measurement (SEr) were used, while for their significant test, T-test and F-test have done. Findings: In general, the output model represented the non-assimilation of pH and BODu parameters for two months, NO3 in months of August, TSS in months of January and low assimilation in other parameters in accordance with the input pollution in the defined interval of Karun River. Discussion and Counclusion: It aslo showed that the Qual2kw  model has good efficacy for the investigation of river self-purification and the Karun River, this model was able to simulate well.     Manuscript profile
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        105 - Study on Macrobiotic Community Structure as Pollution Indicators in Jarahi River (From Saied Ashore tomb to enter Shadegan city)
        Shaghayagh Mombaini S .Mohammad Bagher Nabavi
        Due  to  their  environmental  situations  diversity   and  density,  aquatic  invertebrates  are  different. Some  species  of  this  group  are  considered  as  biologi More
        Due  to  their  environmental  situations  diversity   and  density,  aquatic  invertebrates  are  different. Some  species  of  this  group  are  considered  as  biological  indicators  for  aquatic  ecosystem. Through  research  in  1386(summer and winter) the  diversity  of  invertebrates  of  Jarahi  river  was  determined  to  find  bio-indicators  and  water  quality. In  this  research  the  physic-chemical experiments  and  the  biological  indicators  and  also  its  result  are  used to reduce  the  errors  to minimum. Some  indicators  of  determining  the  quality  of  the water which  effect  on  physiology  of  benthos  creatures  and  on  quality  of  water  such  as  (salinity-temperature-pH-DO-TOM-GSA)are  examined. According  to  achieved  results ,11genus  and 8 species  of  5 classes  of  freshwater  benthic  invertebrates  are  recognized . The  maximum  percentage  frequencies  of  invertebrates  accordingly  are : Bivalvia =41/23 % , Gastropoda = 30/88 % , Insecta = 17/71 % , Hirudinea = 9/98 % , Crustacea = 0/2 % ,and  so  macrobentic  community  structure  in this  river  is  included  Bivalvia, Gastropoda, Insecta, Crustacea and Hirudinea . In  Bivalvia  classes , the  maximum  frequencies  is  related  to  Sphaerium   rivicola (Lamark ,1818) species  that  is  the  abundance  species  in  all  research  stations , and  it  is  used  as  a  bio-indicator  to  determine  the  water  quality .Maximum  density  of  macro benthos  were  observed  in  winter (535 m2) and  the  lowest (498m2) were  observed  in  summer. For  evaluation  of  macro benthos  diversity  in  the  study  area,  the  Simpson  and  Shannon  and  Margalef  indices  were  also  used . The  highest  and  lowest  levels  of   Shannon  indices  were  observed  in  summer  and  winter   respectively. All  the  samples  showed  a  medium   pollution  in all  station  and  sampling  season , according  to  (Welch , 1992) . Manuscript profile
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        106 - Heavy Metals (Ni, Pb, Cd, & Cu) Concentrations in Barbus grypus and Sediments from Arvand River
        Neda Kheirvar Ali Dadolahi Sohrab
        This assessment of heavy metals contamination was made in Arvand River based on fish (Barbus grypus) and sediments which were collected during 2007 in two seasons (winter and spring). In total, 64 fish samples were taken from 4 sites and experiments were carried out on More
        This assessment of heavy metals contamination was made in Arvand River based on fish (Barbus grypus) and sediments which were collected during 2007 in two seasons (winter and spring). In total, 64 fish samples were taken from 4 sites and experiments were carried out on two kinds of fish tissues (muscle and gill). In order to digest fish tissues, Nitric Acid was used and for sedimentations, mixture of Nitric Acid and HCl was used and concentration of metals was determined by aspiring the samples into an Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS). During this study, metals concentrations showed 0.77, 16.42, 2.83 and 2.98 µ g g-1 dry wt in muscle tissue and 1.52, 9.03, 2.79 and 6.97 µ g g-1 dry wt in gill tissue and 47.09, 47.07, 7.55 and 25.21 µ g g-1 dry wt in sediments to Ni, Pb, Cd, and Cu, respectively. Manuscript profile
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        107 - Identification of cadmium resistant bacteria and evaluation of their resistance spectrum during quarterly monitoring on the Kor River
        Sedigheh Abolahrar Farshid Kafilzadeh Mohammad Kargar
        Introduction: Kor River is a valuable ecologic area and source of water for the Bakhtegan Lake in Fars province, Iran. This river has been contaminated with various waste pollutants including agricultural, industrial, urban and rural. Cadmium is one of the common hazard More
        Introduction: Kor River is a valuable ecologic area and source of water for the Bakhtegan Lake in Fars province, Iran. This river has been contaminated with various waste pollutants including agricultural, industrial, urban and rural. Cadmium is one of the common hazardous heavy metals entering the natural environments.  This study mainly aimed at isolation and identification of the cadmium resistant bacteria, determining the resistance spectrum and investing the growth of opted bacteria against Cd. Additionally, physic-chemical and biological factors have been monitored quarterly. Materials and Methods: Samples were taken from five different stations at Dorudzan dam downstream to the mouth of the river to the Bakhtegan Lake since these areas are believed to contain more contaminants. Two sets of water and sediments samples were taken simultaneously to measure physic-chemical and biological factors and detection of cadmium resistant bacteria. More resistant bacteria were screening through MIC and MBC. Tow opted (G+ and G-) bacteria were studied in batch culture at three different containing harsh conditions by growth kinetic curve.  Results: The presence of cadmium was found to be more dominant in sediments than the water. Serratia marcescens MT015 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ET017 showed maximum cadmium resistance up to six mille molar. P.aeruginosa ET017 and Bacillus OA017 represented proper growth in the harsh conditions. Discussion and Conclusion: The Kor River is a significant ecological area in Fars province, Iran where annual monitoring seems essential. Some indigenous bacteria in this river have represented high ability of cadmium resistance which enabling them to be exploited as valuable agents for                  bio-remediation in bio-filters and "in-situ" form for cadmium contaminated environments. No need of genetically manipulation and wide spectrum of study upon physicochemical, biological and bacterial assessing are advantages of our research. In compare to recent researches, our presented strains demonstrated more resistance to cadmium. Manuscript profile
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        108 - Environment Risk Assessment of Sand and Silt Exploitation from Tonekabon river
        Mojgan Rowshantabari Bahram Kiabi Abdolah Solimanroudi Fariba Vahedi Asieh Makhlogh Rahimeh Rahmati
        This research was carried out during 1382-83 on a monthly scale. The effect of sand and silt mining on Tonekabon river aquatic organisms was studied. One station was selected in sand and silt mining area and two stations were selected in upstream and downstream. The lea More
        This research was carried out during 1382-83 on a monthly scale. The effect of sand and silt mining on Tonekabon river aquatic organisms was studied. One station was selected in sand and silt mining area and two stations were selected in upstream and downstream. The least abundance and biomass of benthic organisms was obtained in station 2 as 5%. This was also observed in estuary, as there were 21% and 74% of benthic organisms respectively in estuary and upstream of the reiver which have lost their habitates due to destruction of this area. Study on fish showed that Cyprinidae had the highest diversity and abundance. Fish abundance was 65% in station 1, 6% in station 2 and 29% in station 3. Station 2 had the least abundance. Migration and artificial propagation of Salmo truta caspius and Rutilus frissii kutum in this river are of high importance. Finally, destabilisation of river substrate and increase of suspended solid have led to reduction in diversity and abundance of species. The negative effects of sand and silt mining were not restricted to the sampling position and have affected other littoral parts of the river. This can result in degredation of river substrate and littoral parts                                                                                                                                 Manuscript profile
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        109 - Determination of some organochlorine and organophosphorus pesticide residues in water of Gargar River
        Soheil Sobhanardakani Parisa Jamalipour
        10.22034/jest.2017.10725
        Background and Objective: Today, Chlorinated and Organophosphorous pesticide residues are considered as important environmental pollutants especially in surface water resources. Gargar River is one of the important tributaries of Karoon River. The main use of this river More
        Background and Objective: Today, Chlorinated and Organophosphorous pesticide residues are considered as important environmental pollutants especially in surface water resources. Gargar River is one of the important tributaries of Karoon River. The main use of this river is to supply the drinking water for nearby cities. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determin Organochlorine and Organophosphorus pesticide residues in water of the Gargar River in 2012. Method: After field visits and determining five sampling stations during the spring and summer of 2012, the samples were taken and after carrying out laboratory preparation, identification and determination of the concentration of pesticides in the samples were performed using HPTLC. Findings: Results showed that the mean concentrations (µg/L) of Atrazin, Alachlor and Trinoxol pesticides in water of Gargar River in the spring were 1.04±0.02, 1.06±0.03 and 1.12±0.04, respectively. Also the mean concentrations of these pesticides (µg/L) in the winter were 3.04±1.45, 15.27±4.51 and 12.12±3.62, respectively. Comparison of the mean concentrations of pesticides with WHO permissible limits showed that the mean concentrations are significantly lower than the permissible limits. Conclusion: There are no public health risks for pesticides residues in Gargar River water samples in this time. However, it should be noted that because of indiscriminate use of agricultural inputs, such as chemical pesticides by farmers, the problem of excessive accumulation of toxins in aquatic ecosystems and their consequences will be faced in the near future. Manuscript profile
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        110 - Application of Social Perception Variables in Urban Rivers Regeneration (Case Study: Shiraz Khoshk River)
        Ali Asadpour Farhang Mozaffar Mohsen Faizi Mostafa Behzadfar
        Background and Objective: By definition, the urban landscape is a natural structure in an urban setting and research in social perception about studying the intangible norms that the landscape, as a medium, represented and transmitted throough the society. In this sense More
        Background and Objective: By definition, the urban landscape is a natural structure in an urban setting and research in social perception about studying the intangible norms that the landscape, as a medium, represented and transmitted throough the society. In this sense, in contrast to landscape restoration which has an ecological approach, social perception has fewer contributions to regeneration of urban streams. Shiraz Khoshk River is one of the natural and historical edges of city that has become a symbol of the city and one of its natural identities for lack of sufficient water, presence of physical interventions and valuable religious monuments in its path across the city. This paper aims to find out the social perceptions of Khoshk River in order to establish a practical framework for landscape regeneration of the urban streams. Hence, categorizing the citizens’ perceptions is inevitable and this could be defined as one of the research objectives. Method: This study relies on integrated strategies as a research method; we applied a complex description with a social survey within the case study using an exploratory content analysis approach. Besides, during assessing the social perception of residence, totally 32 person were chosen randomly through semi-structured interviews. Social perception variables obtained from literature review and categorized in two main groupes: landscape to society variables (six variables), and society to landscape variables (four variables). These variables were evaluated in a field survey (interviews and photography). Results: Results showed that the upper part of the river has higher potential for social perception than the middle and lower part. Furthermore, according to the survey, the social perception consists of some variables which could be categorized in three groups: “natural environment variables”, “functional and activity variables” and “emotional variables” appeared in the responses in priority order. Conclusion: In the social opinions, the noticeable elements of the river were in order of “natural elements”, “arterial and manmade elements” and at least “functional-activity elements”. It means that the relations between landscape and people are mostly a one-way direction than a two-way correlation. In another word, society to landscape variables is less considered than landscape to society variables.  At the end, the principle of urban natural stream regeneration based on the case study and social perception of the landscape was modeled and proposed as “cultural, symbolic and identical strategies”, “recreational strategies” and “social and legal sensitivity strategies”. Manuscript profile
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        111 - Bioassessment and quality classification of Balekhloo River base on Biological index (fish fauna)
        Naghmeh Jafarzadeh Ebrahim Fataei Saber Vatandoust Gholam reza hatami Mahmoud Shariat
        Introduction: Balekhloo River is one of the main branches of Garasoo River in Ardebil and provides water for Yamchi Dam.  Importance of this dam providewater for drinking agriculture and drinking for Ardebil and Sarein Cities. in according to different pollutant so More
        Introduction: Balekhloo River is one of the main branches of Garasoo River in Ardebil and provides water for Yamchi Dam.  Importance of this dam providewater for drinking agriculture and drinking for Ardebil and Sarein Cities. in according to different pollutant source like residential, industrial and agricultural and hot spring, bioassessment is essential for conserving of bio life in this river.  Methodology: this study is in view of biological assessment based on population and species of fish in Balekhloo River in five stations in the two seasons two seasons (low water and high water) in 2010-2011. In this study were fish sampled by Electro shocker and physical and chemical parameters were measured simultaneously. Result: in this study 8 spaces from 3 order were identified most of which were of Cyprinidae Cobitidae .Shannon index result varied different between 0(station3)-1.33(station5) in stations. Conclusion: The result of this research show that Shannon index for assessment of river results of physicochemical assessment result of Taxa richness and Shannon indexes. Finally by comparison of physical, chemical and biological parameters, of Balekhloo River’s water quality was classified into three region low(4and5 stations), moderate(1 and2 stations) and high pollution(station3). Manuscript profile
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        112 - Investigating the effects of trout farms effluent on riverine macrobenthic fauna based on alpha diversity indices and principal component analysis
        Lima Tayebi Hadi pourBagher Hamid Farahmand Gholamreza Rafiee Alireza Mirvaghefi
        10.22034/jest.2017.11391
        Background and Objective: Incerease of fish production and necessity of developing this industry by environmental measures show the importance of studing the aquaculture effects. In this stydy, the alpha biodiversity indices for macrobenthic community in response to tro More
        Background and Objective: Incerease of fish production and necessity of developing this industry by environmental measures show the importance of studing the aquaculture effects. In this stydy, the alpha biodiversity indices for macrobenthic community in response to trout farm effluent located at Gamsiab River were calculated in 2013. Method: Sampls were collected from four stations at the inflow, outflow, and 500 meter and 1000 meter away from the farm and in three replicates from the middle and sides of the river by surber sampler. After identifying and counting the samples, the different biodiversity indeces including Shanon H', Berger-Parker, Alpha, Casewell, Simpson, Hill-Ho, Margalef and Ept/chir were calculated. Findings: Results showed that EPT/Chir index decreased in the outflow station in all seasons. Changes in alpha biodivesity indeces showed that some indices, such as Alpaha and Hill indices, in most cases decreased in the outflow station, while some others, such as Margalef richness index, increased. PCA analysis showed the relationship between biodiversity indices and both sampeling units in different stations and seasons and EPT/Chir index. Accordingly, all sampeling units were not related to one index and had stronger relationship wih some of the indices. Therefore, it was concluded that index type affects the study. Conclusion: Generally, analysis of the biodiversity indices showed that in different seasons and stations and in changing river conditions these indices had meaningful differences with one another, and did not lead to a single result for health situation of ecosystem. Manuscript profile
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        113 - The first report on the identification of planktonic communities from Sarbaz River in Sistan and Baluchestan Province
        Mahmood Sinaei Ashrafali Hosseini Mehdi Blooki
        10.22034/jest.2017.10762
        Background and Objective: Due to importance of Sarbaz River in the Sistan and baloochestan province, study about environmental status of this river especially plankton community have so valuable and importance.So, this research was conducted to study plankton community More
        Background and Objective: Due to importance of Sarbaz River in the Sistan and baloochestan province, study about environmental status of this river especially plankton community have so valuable and importance.So, this research was conducted to study plankton community of Sarbaz River. Method: Sampling was carried out monthly in the ten sampling sites (Kajdar, Bandan, Hit, Firooz abad, Pole jakigoor, Ab nemaye Sade pishin, Pole kahirborz, Shir govaz, Jor) through Sarbaz River. The collected samples were fixed in 10% formalin and brought to the laboratory for plankton analysis Findings: Generally, ten species of phytoplankton (Bacillarphyceae) were identified in the all sampling sites. The Navicula with five species was more frequent than other phytoplankton species. Three groups of zooplankton including crustacean, rotifer and ciliates were identified in the all sampling sites. We have identified two groups of crustacean: Cyclops and daphnia. The frequent species among zooplankton were ciliates. This species have found in the all sapling sites and times. We have found negative relationship between diversity and frequency of crustacean. Crustacean with higher diversity have lower frequency. Conclusion: Studying plankton community in the Sarbaz river have shown that this environment have very low plankton diversity and frequency. Manuscript profile
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        114 - Foresight of education and research in the Iranian tax system - with an economic approach
        Einollah Zamani Eskandari Mohammadreza Mehrabanpour Azita Jahanshad
        The purpose of this study is to identify and evaluate the strategic and future drivers of education and research in the country's tax system with an economic approach. This research has been done with the approach of futures studies with Delphi-fuzzy method and analysis More
        The purpose of this study is to identify and evaluate the strategic and future drivers of education and research in the country's tax system with an economic approach. This research has been done with the approach of futures studies with Delphi-fuzzy method and analysis of matrix of interactions based on interviews with tax experts. Research method used from methodological perspective, survey research (field research); From the point of view of nature, it is descriptive-analytical and from the methodological point of view, it is based on the mixed method (a combination of quantitative and qualitative). After identifying the first 21 drivers in the stages of questioning, interviewing and fuzzy Delphi questionnaire, in order to finalize and evaluate the effective and future-making drives, all the identified drives are analyzed based on the fuzzy triangular mean and for analysis. Interactions between propellants Mick Mac software is used. Based on the results of the study, 7 propellants in the fuzzy Delphi stage were determined, which were again sent to experts to determine the analysis of cross-effects. The title of Strategic and Futuristic Propulsion was approved. Manuscript profile
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        115 - Future scenarios of the banking industry
        morteza TAVAKOL Akbar Etebarian Amirhushang Heidari Amirreza Naghsh
        Changes in customer needs, behaviors and expectations,Trends in digital technology, banking business trends and the emergence of non-bank competitors (fintech), intensifying market competition between banks and non-bank credit institutions, changing pricing models and c More
        Changes in customer needs, behaviors and expectations,Trends in digital technology, banking business trends and the emergence of non-bank competitors (fintech), intensifying market competition between banks and non-bank credit institutions, changing pricing models and costs of banking services, changing the ecosystem of banking activities and rules and The new regulations have challenged banks. The advent of distributed networks such as blockchain, by creating transparency in transactions and open participation in operations, has moved the banking and business processes towards an automated, coordinated and unreliable global framework; While aiming to reduce intermediaries, it also warns banks of the risk of eliminating banks or reducing customers. The present study examines the banking industry by asking the question "What are the future scenarios of the Iranian banking industry?" with library studies and combining two qualitative and quantitative approaches, "Schwartz critical uncertainties" and "Cross impact analysis" and constructing four scenarios: "Phoenix Rises" "Busy Architects-Drugs Awake" "Farang City" and "Burnt City", and analysis of factors and drivers affecting the banking industry, pave the way for charting the future of the country's banking industry and creating and maintaining their competitive advantage has done. Manuscript profile
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        116 - Investigation Institutional Investors Effect on Company Value Based on Managers Opportunities Behavior
        Hamidreza Vakilifard Foad Ghaderi
        This paper examines the institutional investors effect on Company Value Based profit management perspective. The paper result show that companies group in growth will significantly to profit management.
        This paper examines the institutional investors effect on Company Value Based profit management perspective. The paper result show that companies group in growth will significantly to profit management. Manuscript profile
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        117 - Event-oriented tourism: an effective stimulus to attract tourists to local festivals (Case of study: Anarchini festival of the dense village of Rudbar city
        majid akbari مرضیه طالشی mohammad taleshi anboohi
        Festivals and events are among the fastest growing sectors of tourism in the world, and managers of tourist destinations have realized that they must create new, exciting, pristine and unrivaled attractions. add their destinations to the collection of tourism assets so More
        Festivals and events are among the fastest growing sectors of tourism in the world, and managers of tourist destinations have realized that they must create new, exciting, pristine and unrivaled attractions. add their destinations to the collection of tourism assets so that the number of applicants to visit those destinations is in accordance with the wishes and goals of tourism. This article has tried to identify and cluster the factors influencing the future state of attracting tourists to the Anarchini festival in the densely Anbooh village of Rudbar using the method of structural analysis. This article is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of research method. Theoretical data was prepared by document method and experimental data by survey method based on Delphi technique. The statistical population of 30 experts, local community and tourists based on purposeful sampling and event-based tourism drivers, is 46 driving forces in 19 dimensions, which are processed by structural mutual effects analysis method in MICMAC software. In terms of the general analysis of the system environment, the findings showed that 645 relationships have the number 3, and this means that the relationships of key drivers are very large and have great influence. Also, other results of the research from the analysis of mutual effects indicate the dispersion of driving forces in a complex and intermediate situation of effectiveness and effectiveness; The stimulus clustering system indicates the concentration of independent stimuli. Conclusion: From the total of 46 event-oriented tourism driving forces of the Chinese Pomegranate Festival in the Anbooh village, 11 key drivers include loyalty to the event, quality of the event, expansion of personal interests, positive emotional experience of freedom from everyday life, satisfaction with the event, escape from worries, Relaxation, feeling of security, diversity in experience and familiarity with new places were identified. Manuscript profile
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        118 - An investigation on pollution caused by the changes of physico-chemical characteristic of Saqqez River
        Fuad Mustafanejad Amir Hesam Hasani
        Saqqez River is one of the main source of water resources in Saqqez city that provides water needs for agriculture and drinking water in border river. Human sewage and agricultural resources of this river have pollutants. In this study, physicochemical process of r More
        Saqqez River is one of the main source of water resources in Saqqez city that provides water needs for agriculture and drinking water in border river. Human sewage and agricultural resources of this river have pollutants. In this study, physicochemical process of river pollution in the Saqqez in 1387 and 1388 considered and previous research results in 1383 and 1384 and has been compared.  In total during these years the number of 80 samples from 14 stations during 20 sampling Each of the four stations, Tamogha station, Saqqez station, Kani jezhni and Arab oghly removed and the parameters of pH, BOD, COD, DO, TDS, EC, NO3 and ... has been Measurement and analysis.  Based on the results, because Saqqez station receiving human sewage and agricultural sources of pollutants in this river Border River provides. Urban wastewater pollution than many other stations are so severe that the increase in BOD5 station, especially in Low water seasons this show has.  Overall the situation self-refining river downstream stations BOD5 levels gradually comes down. Agricultural run-off, sewage, human waste and discharge of major pollutants of the river and the danger to the river are.   Manuscript profile
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        119 - Biophilic urbanization: the addition of nature to enhance the man-made environments efficiency (Case Study: Organization a part of the Mehran Rood axis of Tabriz)
        Parisa Ghobadi yasaman cheraghi malyaani
        Background and Objective: With the onset of the new era, and as a result of the speed of construction in cities, the boundaries of seasonal and permanent rivers, formerly considered green spaces and recreational areas of the cities, became a waste of urban space. This r More
        Background and Objective: With the onset of the new era, and as a result of the speed of construction in cities, the boundaries of seasonal and permanent rivers, formerly considered green spaces and recreational areas of the cities, became a waste of urban space. This research tries to apply new approaches to organizing a part of Mehran Rood's peripheral tissue in Tabriz's bilankooh neighborhood. Material and Methodology: The selection of the study sequence was done using the ANP questionnaire and method. The method for collecting information in the field of theoretical foundations is in the form of libraries and documents, and in the field of case study, field studies. In this study, descriptive-analytical method has been used. Findings: The achievement of this research in the field of the basis is to provide a theoretical framework in the form of seven criteria and sub criteria related to each. After studying the examples and their conclusions, the small of projects in the field of intervention was defined that provide 3D designs and Designing their spaces are sub-criteria like biomorphic and biomimetic, landscape and shelter, and the use of indigenous materials and vegetation were more effective and practical. Discussion and Conclusion: This study suggests that considering natural factors such as river and its linkage with peripheral urban texture with the help of complementary and compatible uses such as gardens and agricultural land in urban areas can enhance the Tabriz city biophilic potential and solve problems such as detachment Urban and river texture, diminishing social communication and reducing floods during crisis situations. Manuscript profile
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        120 - Biourbanism urban design: Human bio-based approach to urban design (Case study: Cheshme kile Riverside of Tonekabon)
        Parisa Ghobadi Reza Jafariha Ali Niknama Alireza Aali
        Background and Objective: Urbanization in the past, due to a coherent view of the city and not distinguishing between nature and urban context, left positive effects that are seen today. Experts are seeking to apply new practical approaches in the design and reconstruct More
        Background and Objective: Urbanization in the past, due to a coherent view of the city and not distinguishing between nature and urban context, left positive effects that are seen today. Experts are seeking to apply new practical approaches in the design and reconstruction of urban spaces, so that they can solve the existing problems. Material and Methodology: The current research is descriptive-analytical in terms of method and applied research in terms of purpose. Findings: The achievement of this research in theoretical foundations is the introduction of bio-urbanism as a new approach in urban design that considers the urban environment as a very complex living object and tries to connect natural elements and human needs and sees urbanism as inseparably linked with biology. By analyzing three selected case examples based on the components of biourbanism, how the solutions based on them were investigated, and finally, the edge of the Kileh Tankabon spring river as a domestic and local research case, was analyzed and parts of it were designed as a sample of the selected projects. Discussion and Conclusion: This new type of urban approach and its application in Iran may face a large number of limitations, such as: high maintenance costs, low public awareness of its benefits, and diverging interests of the real estate market. But it is possible to gradually overcome the problems through a broad concept promotion and by raising the level of awareness about the usefulness of ecosystem services and the interaction of larger target groups. Manuscript profile
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        121 - Assimilative capacity of the River Karun using index NSFWQI in the rang Zergan-Kut Amir (during the 5 year)
        Pegah Hossieni Ali Reza Ildoromi Ali Reza Hossieni
        In this century, the protection of vital river systems of the main objectives in organizing the riversustainable development of water resources is considered. Therefore, in this study, Karun River waterquality through water quality index NSFWQI during March 2007 to Marc More
        In this century, the protection of vital river systems of the main objectives in organizing the riversustainable development of water resources is considered. Therefore, in this study, Karun River waterquality through water quality index NSFWQI during March 2007 to March 2012 ranged from KutAmir-Zergan stations were examined. The results has shown that Karun river quality in this limit ,recently five year was in medium class at 2007 but decrease in bad class now. This river is number 3in classification water quality universal and in the range of Low River assimilative is. Manuscript profile
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        122 - Management of practical pollution reduction of Qomrud River
        Saeed yarmohammadi Mahmood Sharieat Seyed masood monavar monavari Parvin farshchi
        Qomrood is one of the rivers which has little water and it flows in the central part of Iran. This river flows from northern regions of Zargos Mountains and it joins Qarechi river in Masileh area and it flows to salt lake of Qom in north east of the city of Qom. Qomroo More
        Qomrood is one of the rivers which has little water and it flows in the central part of Iran. This river flows from northern regions of Zargos Mountains and it joins Qarechi river in Masileh area and it flows to salt lake of Qom in north east of the city of Qom. Qomrood river is 19000 square kilometers and the length of its main branch is estimated to be 288 kilometers. This river flows from south east to north east. The main water of this river is provided by Golpayegan Dam. The main and major length of its region is 3724 meters and its minor length is 810 meters in the exit in Masileh area. Two main Dams of Panzdaheh Khordad dam with 200 million square meters capacity and Golpaygan dam with 46/5 million square meters capacity have been made in front of this river. The existence of agricultural land beside the river causes damages to this river. And the river has been made muddy, and it reduced the quality of the river while river has the least water in summer especially around Bahgherabad Bride is very much polluted. To preserve, and cleaning the Ecosystem of Qomrood river realizing the source of pollution around the river and clarifying the type, and amount of pollution and its entrance to river is very much important. Taking sample in accordance with its flowing and its minor branches, and industrial, and agricultural villages, and cities pollution and making the transportation easy and reaching to these sample making centers in different seasons and these places are selected because of its little distance to these centers of Hydrometers. Approximately, there are 8 to 12 centers in the length of Qomrood river and the amount of BOD5, COD,TURB, TEMP, COND, DO,PH have been tested, and from the objects (IDS) in Emamzadeh Abdullah (a.s) Qaleh cham , Khalajabad Bridge, receive the majority of these objects also the main dark TURB is in Qalehcham region Fara asphalte Bridge, Khalajabad Bridge Hamvarlakhah is more than the other centers and sand washing units cause these activities in this regions. Leading the water to panzdaheh khordad Dam and the water is influenced by salty lands menwhile entering the dirty water of Ro system to be cleaned to be cleaned and in Enghelab Bridge of this one of the reasons of increasing the EC of the water of the river. In the studies it has been clarified that agricultural, industrial, man made, and city pollution has made the Ecosystem of the river dirty. Entrance of pollution to the river causes the increase of chemicals and decrease oxygen of water, and it caused the death of water creatures specially fishes. Manuscript profile
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        123 - Survey and Trends of Chemical Water Quality Parameters of Tajan River Water Quality Using Principal Component Analysis and Aqua Chem Software
        Samira Rahnama Nasrin Sayari
        Rivers are the most important water resources that play an important role in providing the water needed for various activities such as agriculture, industry and drinking, so the conservation and optimal use of water resources is one of the principles of sustainable deve More
        Rivers are the most important water resources that play an important role in providing the water needed for various activities such as agriculture, industry and drinking, so the conservation and optimal use of water resources is one of the principles of sustainable development in each country. In this research, water quality data of Tajan River, one of the most important water resources of Mazandaran province, was studied during two years from 2003 to 2013 in two stations of of Kordkheil and Soleyman Tangeh. To study of the correlation between variables, the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and to investigate the water quality and the water qualitative parameters variation Piper and Schoeller diagram were used.Based on the results of the PCA, it was determined that for controlling river water quality, at the Kordkheil station in the first 6 months of the year except for pH and in the 6 months of the second year except for (SO42-, Q and pH), all parameters were prioritized. At the Soleyman Tangeh station, parameters (EC, TDS, K+, HCO3- and Ca2+) in the first six months of the year and the parameters (TDS, Cl-, Na+ and SAR) in the second 6 months of the year are the priorities. According to the Piper diagram, the chemical type of Tajan River water at Kordkheil and Soleyman Tangeh stations is Bicarbonate-Magnesium-Calcium. Also, based on the results of the Schuler diagram, it was found that the river water is good at both stations and is suitable for drinking. Survey and Trends of Chemical Water Quality Parameters of Tajan River Water Quality Using Principal Component Analysis and Aqua Chem Software Manuscript profile
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        124 - Quantitative and Qualitative Assessment of Karoon River Water Using NSFWQI Index and AHP Method
        Marjan Salari Feridon Radmanesh Heidar Zarei
        Rivers are discussed as sources of water supply for various uses. Thus, monitoring the quality of these resources due to the recent drought and urban and rural development is one of the important tasks in the field of environmental management. Karoon River has very impo More
        Rivers are discussed as sources of water supply for various uses. Thus, monitoring the quality of these resources due to the recent drought and urban and rural development is one of the important tasks in the field of environmental management. Karoon River has very importance in preparing drinking water, maintaining the industrial survival of Khuzestan province and agricultural water supply. Thus, management and control of water quality this resource has particular significance. In the present study, the Karoon water quality has been evaluated by available NSF water quality index. Subsequently, the nine present NSF parameters’ weights have been changed and modified using the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) method as well as experts’ opinions in the field in a way to satisfy local conditions. In the newly developed WQI, more weights are given to relation with these parameters it can be said that the factors like dissolved oxygen (Do), fecal coliform (F.c) and biological oxygen demand (BOD) when compared with NSF-WQI. The method used in this study is deserving for its merits. Because it provides managers with the capability that can have the better and more accurate   judgments about the final weights of the parameters. Using the present method, one can consider all purposes and objectives defined in water quality projects by taking into account experts’ opinions regarding the essential costs and economical, social and technical remarks. In this respect, the sensitivity of   analyses can be changed and modified in relation to the spatial features. In other words, applying AHP method, confines the NSF utilization to a specific water quality project with the particular conditions.   Manuscript profile
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        125 - Survey on Environmental Effects of Zayandeh Rood River’s Dam
        Mehran shabanKary Amir hossein Halbian
        Manuscript profile
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        126 - Decoding "The River" by Zakaria Tamer
        Yahya Marouf Ali Parvaneh Mehran Najafi Hajivar
        Mystification in literature is one of the methods of meaning transfer to the reader (audience) which makes the speech more attractive. Since the mystery involves different reasons and causes it is not possible consider special frame for its concepts. Mystery is the best More
        Mystification in literature is one of the methods of meaning transfer to the reader (audience) which makes the speech more attractive. Since the mystery involves different reasons and causes it is not possible consider special frame for its concepts. Mystery is the best tool that a poet or author can apply it in order to express the close political and social conditions of a country. Zakaria Tamer – Syrian novelist – who has various experiences in novel writing, enjoys the mysteries in his works. "The river" is one of his mysterious stories in which he applied the mysteries in order to express his own thoughts and inner implications. This story contains some main and secondary characters who all played the role well. Manuscript profile
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        127 - مطالعه اثربخشی برقراری جریان الکتریسیته در حذف آلودگی باکتری‌های کلیفرمیک از آب رودخانه شهرچای ارومیه
        aysan rezanezhad Zahra Gholamhoseini nima rostami
        Purpose: Water disinfection is one of the most important stages of water purification in terms of ensuring the health of consumers. Although common methods in drinking water purification can effectively control microbial factors, the formation of disinfection byproducts More
        Purpose: Water disinfection is one of the most important stages of water purification in terms of ensuring the health of consumers. Although common methods in drinking water purification can effectively control microbial factors, the formation of disinfection byproducts has made the process of using these methods a challenge. On the other hand, physical and chemical disinfectants are often limited due to their low efficiency, high price and production of toxic products. In the meantime, one of the methods that has been in the spotlight and developed a lot in recent years is the use of electricity to remove biological pollutants from water. Therefore, the aim of the current research is to study and evaluate the efficiency and effectiveness of the method of establishing the current of electricity in removing the coliform bacteria population in the Shahrchai River of Urmia. Materials and methods: The present research, which is descriptive-cross-sectional, started in a period of six months from February 2018 and continued until July 2019. The water sampling process of Shahrchai River in Urmia was carried out from two stations at the entrance of the No. 1 treatment plant and at the entrance of the Golshahr treatment plant, and the samples were transferred to the laboratory within 2 to 4 hours, and the presence of coliform bacteria was studied and measured by the MPN method. Then, in order to perform the electrolysis test, an electrochemical reactor with a voltage of 220 volts consisting of two electrodes made of iron and aluminum was prepared and the electric current was established for 10, 20, 30 and 70 minutes. Next, the data results were analyzed by SPSS version 21 software. Findings: The results show that the efficiency of coliform bacteria population removal depends on the pollutant source, duration, current intensity and type of electrodes. According to the results, the slope of the curve of changes in the amount of microbial contamination of the samples that were subjected to a constant current of 220 volts for 20 minutes showed a significant decrease. So that the microbial load of most samples was reduced by 50%. Therefore, it can be said that the removal efficiency has a direct relationship with the increase in time, and with the increase in the duration of the electric current in the samples, the removal rate of coliform bacteria also increases significantly. Conclusion: According to the results of this research, the use of the process of establishing the current of electricity is suggested as a suitable method with high efficiency and also compatible with the environment in water disinfection. Manuscript profile
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        128 - Investigating the Impacts of River Tourism on the Quality of Life of Citizens (Case study: Gohar rood River of Rasht City, Iran)
        Hossein Mousazade Farahnaz Akbarzadeh Hassan Mousazadeh
        Manuscript profile
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        129 - Examining the effective environmental factors on urban landscape building (the case study: Investigation of Environmental Factors Affecting Urban Landscape Structures (Case Study of Arvand River (slang: saghir) Minoo in Abadan, Iran)
        Nooriye Mohebi zadeh Ali Mardani
        Manuscript profile
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        130 - The Effect of Social Networks on Oral Advertisements and Tourists' Feelings in Northern Iranian Rivers
        Hossein Mousazadeh Izsák Éva Farahnaz Akbarzadeh
        Manuscript profile
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        131 - Allegorical techniques in the novel The Upside Down River by Jean-Claude Mourlevat
        somayeh avarand
        Allegory is one of the most widely used tools for education for a long time. God in His heavenly books, prophets in preaching and instruction, and educators and teachers in conveying concepts and teaching use allegory to communicate with their audiences in indirect and More
        Allegory is one of the most widely used tools for education for a long time. God in His heavenly books, prophets in preaching and instruction, and educators and teachers in conveying concepts and teaching use allegory to communicate with their audiences in indirect and effective ways. The present study attempted to first discover the allegories used in the adolescents’ novel “The Upside Down River” (La rivière à l'envers) by Jean-Claude Mourlevat; and then examine the structure, method, and techniques of allegories in it. While introducing the narrative-educational allegory, it was found that Mourlevat has used four methods to present allegories. These include homology, highlighting language and ambiguity in speech, engaging the five senses in fixing the events of the subconscious mind, and benefiting from mythical characters and archetypes. The allegories used in “The Upside Down River” are so deep and interpretable that the human mind lays down its weapon of consciousness in front of them and understands the allegory by activating the subconscious mind. This makes the adolescent audience have more empathy with the main character of the story, and in addition to indulging, to make it their role model. Manuscript profile
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        132 - Comparison of the Function of Attention Among Risky and Normal Drivers
        golnoosh shahbaz Behrouz Dolatshahi Abbas pourshahbaz Parvaneh Mohammadkhani
          The purpose of this study was to compare the function of attention in two groups of high risk drivers and normal ones. Using simple random sampling, 50 high risk male drivers were selected whose cars or licentiates have been taken by traffic staff in Tehran. Also, in More
          The purpose of this study was to compare the function of attention in two groups of high risk drivers and normal ones. Using simple random sampling, 50 high risk male drivers were selected whose cars or licentiates have been taken by traffic staff in Tehran. Also, in control group, 50 male drivers were selected who had no violations in their records. Attention function of the two groups was measured by continuous performance test. The findings of the analysis of covariance illustrated that in function of attention there was a significant difference between high risk and normal drivers. In commission error, omission error and reaction time indexes high risk drivers had higher scores than normal drivers (P < 0.01). While in correct detection normal drivers had higher scores than high risk drivers (P < 0.01) . The findings demonstrated that there were significant differences between high risk and normal drivers in the function of attention. Manuscript profile
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        133 - Centroid Distance Shape Recognition for Real Time Low Complexity Traffic Sign Recognition
        Hamidreza Emami Ramin Shaghaghi Kandowan Seyyed Abolfazl Hosseini
        Manuscript profile
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        134 - Study indexes and mapping of soil salinity using remote sensing data (Case study: Aji Chay river delta)
        Majid Pishnamaz Ahmadi Mohammad Hossein Rezaei Moghadam Bakhtiar Feizizadeh
        Soil is a non-renewable and dynamic resource that the improper land use and management, is susceptible to degradation. Soil salinity one of the important land degradation factors in arid and semi-arid region. Identification and mapping of saline soils often due to tempo More
        Soil is a non-renewable and dynamic resource that the improper land use and management, is susceptible to degradation. Soil salinity one of the important land degradation factors in arid and semi-arid region. Identification and mapping of saline soils often due to temporal and spatial variability, and the need for sampling and laboratory work is difficult. In recent years remote sensing technology, due to the ability to identify phenomena has always been of interest to specialists. Information that obtained from satellite images contributed greatly to the study of various phenomena and can be very helpful in detecting phenomena changes. Case study, Aji Chay river delta was selected that is located in the west of Tabriz city and east of Urmia lake, because this region's importance in terms of agricultural and ecological. In this study used ground data and OLI sensor images from Landsat satellite during 2015, and field sampling was taken at the 5 and 6 August 2015. This data used for study and evaluation, soil salinity indexes. With a significance level analysis and measure study between ground data and output of models, best salinity index selected and extraction soil salinity map. In this index, SIT index has the highest correlation (97%) and presented as best index for salinity study in this region that salinity maps extraction from this index. SI2 index with 52% correlation has lowest correlate between salinity index and ground data. In the study region most areas included very saline class with 42% of the total area. Manuscript profile
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        135 - Analyzing the lateral changes of Aras River channel in Ardabil province using morphological indicators
        Fariba Esfandyari Darabad sayyad asghari saraskanroud Mehdi Ghandai Asl Raoof Mostafazadeh
        10.30495/girs.2022.697516
        Considering the morphological changes of rivers, the use of satellite images and information processing using geographic information system can be effective in quick and accurate evaluation of studies related to flooding. Quantitative geomorphic indices including the ce More
        Considering the morphological changes of rivers, the use of satellite images and information processing using geographic information system can be effective in quick and accurate evaluation of studies related to flooding. Quantitative geomorphic indices including the central Cornice angle, bending coefficient, Channel migration rate, Linear directional average and transect were calculated to assess Aras River morphometry. The indices were obtained in years 2000, 2010, and 2021 using RS and GIS. Results showed that the most important processes affecting the changes and lateral displacements of the Ares River channel is formation, development and advance of meanders across the floodplain, creating shortcuts and changing the routes of the channel. The development of shortcuts and changes of river path have caused a significant increase in the lateral changes of the river channel. Floods play the most important role in the shortcut formation and change of channel along Aras River. The results show that the Aras River has high mobility and lateral dynamics, which the river channel has moved more than 5 meters on average every year. However, all the quantitative geomorphic indicators show a decrease in changes and lateral displacements of the channel during recent years. The most important reason for the significant decrease in the values of quantitative geomorphic indices in the second time period (2010 to 2021) was in connection with the significant decrease in the occurrence of short-cuts and changes in the cut-off route. In general, it can be said that the decrease in the river discharge and the decrease in the intensity and frequency of floods have played the most important role in reducing the development of shortcuts and changing the path of the channel. The reduction of extreme floods has reduced the tendency for the braided pattern and increased the meander development. Manuscript profile
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        136 - Landslide hazard zonation based on fuzzy-analytical hierarchy process (FAHP) and Multi-criteria decision analysis (Case study: Marbar river basin)
        Mohammad Reza Sajjadi Ahmad Ahmadi Behnaz Bigdeli
        10.30495/girs.2020.675969
        Background and ObjectiveLandslide as a terrifying disaster can cause human and economic losses and the destruction of cultural and natural heritage. While the need for a method to directly predict the location of landslides has vital importance but currently, the predic More
        Background and ObjectiveLandslide as a terrifying disaster can cause human and economic losses and the destruction of cultural and natural heritage. While the need for a method to directly predict the location of landslides has vital importance but currently, the prediction is not possible. The zoning of landslide hazard can be an efficient indirect approach. This paper proposes a method for landslide hazard zoning based on the decision fusion and Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) in the Semirom of Isfahan province. Materials and Methods In the first step of the proposed methodology of this research, GIS information layers of the study area are collected. Then by using of fuzzy and non-fuzzy hierarchical analysis method and based on expert knowledge, the layers and sub-layers were weighted. In addition, two different overlay methods including weighted overlay and fuzzy overlay are applied for zoning of the AHP and fuzzy AHP results. Combination of both AHP and fuzzy AHP methods with two overlay methods create four zoning maps for the area. The Fuzzy Overlay tool makes it possible for the analysis of the possibility of a phenomenon belonging to multiple sets in a multi-criteria overlay analysis. Not only the fuzzy overlay determines the influential members in the occurrence of a phenomenon but also analyzes the relationships between the memberships of several sets. Weight overlapping is one of the most effective methods used to overlay analysis to address multiple-criteria questions such as location selection and appropriate models. This method will adopt the values in the input raster to a common evaluation criterion for suitability or priority, risk, or appropriate scale. The cell values of each row of inputs increase with the increase of importance of the raster. It also combines the resultant cells to produce the output raster. After obtaining four zoning maps, a decision fusion strategy is applied for the fusion of these maps. Decision fusion systems or in general data fusion or combination strategies combines various decisions made from different methods or data to ultimately make decisions that are more precise and reliable than the result obtained from a single decision. One of the most important and effective methods for integrating decisions is based on the concept of voting. In this method, one vote is assigned to each decision. The simplest form of this method is known as the majority voting. In this method, if all decision-making methods have the same weight and accuracy, the decision of all strategies for an input sample is considered to be the same weight, and the decision with the highest score will be introduced as the winning class for the input sample. Results and Discussion The study area is located approximately 60 kilometers from Semirom city. Also, this area is located in Marbur River watershed. Generally, different factors can be effective in slope instability and landslide, which in this research, slope, aspect, distance to fault, distance to roads, distance to drainages, distance to residential areas, lithology and rainfall were selected for assessing the landslide phenomenon. These effective layers are obtained from information data such as Digital Elevation Model (DEM), fault lines, rivers location, streams location, residential areas, roads location, lithology and synoptic stations. The digital elevation model (DEM) of the region is prepared with 30 meters pixel size from the USGS website. By using DEM in GIS, slope and aspect maps in five classes are created. Faults map of the studied area is obtained from 1:100000 geology map of the Geology organization center of the country. Also, by using Euclidean distance in GIS, distance to faults layer is created in five classes. For preparation of rainfall map, the rainfall content of the studied area has been used from the average rainfall data of the Iran Meteorological Organization in the last 10 years of 19 meteoroidal stations. Based on the rainfall information, the area is divided into five classes. Roads map of the area is obtained from 1:25000 map of National Cartographic Center.&nbsp; The distance to road layer is created from roads map of the area and divided into five classes. For drainage and residential area maps, a 1:25000 map from NCC is applied. Also, distance to residential area layer is created by this map in five classes. For assessment of the lithology in this area, a 1:100000 geology map is applied. Conclusion Results showed that the zoning methods provide satisfactory results, but eventually the results were improved with the decision fusion strategy. For validation our finding the results were compared with historical landslides. Based on the results, it was concluded that zoning by four different combinations: hierarchical analysis and overweight analysis, hierarchical analysis and fuzzy overlay, fuzzy hierarchical analysis and weighted overlay, and fuzzy hierarchical analysis and fuzzy overlaying, have a precision of 80%, 86%, 75% and 88% respectively. After integrating the results of these four methods, the accuracy of the zoning increased to 90%. Manuscript profile
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        137 - Downscaling TRMM satellite-based precipitation data using non-stationary relationships between precipitation and land surface characteristics
        Bahareh Zanjani Hesam Seyed Kaboli Mohsen Rashidian
        Satellite-based precipitation dataset has been widely used to estimate precipitation, especially over regions with sparse rain gauge networks. However, the low spatial resolution of these datasets has limited their application in localized regions and watersheds. So, ha More
        Satellite-based precipitation dataset has been widely used to estimate precipitation, especially over regions with sparse rain gauge networks. However, the low spatial resolution of these datasets has limited their application in localized regions and watersheds. So, having an accurate estimation of precipitation by satellites along with the adequate spatial scale in hydrologic studies is the main goal of this study. In this research, Geographically weighted regression (GWR) method was investigated to downscale&nbsp;the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM-3B42 Version 7) over the DEZ river basin in the southwest of IRAN for 2010-2011. Downscaling was performed based on the non-stationary relationships between the TRMM precipitation and the Digital elevation model (DEM) derived products, the Normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), the Enhanced vegetation index (EVI) and the Land surface temperature (LST). The result shows that the downscale precipitation at 1 km spatial scale had significantly improved spatial resolution, and agreed well with data from the rain gauge stations. For the 16-day precipitation,&nbsp;Mean square root means square error (RMSE) and absolute mean error (MAE) values are 22.7 mm and 7.45 mm, respectively. However, the accuracy of the model varies in a different location and depends on the vegetation condition. Manuscript profile
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        138 - Evaluation of indicators of remote sensing measurement in quantitative and qualitative studies of surface water with Landsat-8 satellite images (Case study: South of Khuzestan province)
        Seyed Reza Mir Alizadehfard Shahrooz Mansouri
        Water as one of the most basic needs of our present life and the extent of our use in drinking, agriculture, industry, economic, social, and political-security politics make us to identify with minimal cost savings and time characteristics of the watersheds, rivers and More
        Water as one of the most basic needs of our present life and the extent of our use in drinking, agriculture, industry, economic, social, and political-security politics make us to identify with minimal cost savings and time characteristics of the watersheds, rivers and water levels by various methods, including the use of satellite imagery. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the methods of detecting zones, water levels and rivers with indicators; Normalized difference vegetation index, Enhanced vegetation index, Soli&nbsp; adjusted&nbsp; vegetation index, Normalized difference water index, Modified normalized difference water index, Automated water extraction index, Automated water extraction index and Unsupervised IsoClusterc and supervised Maximum likelihood classification methods to identification waters basin and the Optimum factor index for identifying the quality of water in terms of salinity, as well as determination infiltrate tabs water entering the larger zones in the part of the basins of the Karun river, Jarahi-Zohreh in the southern province of Khuzestan, with Landsat-8 satellite Land Earth Observations sensor. The results of the study showed that the automatic indicators of the extraction of water in shadow and urban areas are more effective than other indicators because of the consideration of short-range infrared wavelengths in water identification. With the results of the Supervised classification method, they were Maximum likelihood to the Kappa coefficient of the same 94% and the same performance. The results of the Optimum factor Index indicator for the detection of salinity water and the determination infiltrate tab water Show the most useful information and remove duplicate image banding data the Landsat-8 satellite Earth Observation Sensor was 79.10% for the color combination RGB of 651. Manuscript profile
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        139 - Flood zoning and its impact on land use in the surrounding area using unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) images and GIS
        Khalil Valizadeh Kamran Reza Delire Hasannia Khadije Azari Amghani
        Identification of flood zones is a basic step in flood risk management, and flood risk zoning provides a quantitative measure of flood risk, thereby enabling appropriate alerts to be provided in times of flood risk and facilitating rescue operations. The purpose of this More
        Identification of flood zones is a basic step in flood risk management, and flood risk zoning provides a quantitative measure of flood risk, thereby enabling appropriate alerts to be provided in times of flood risk and facilitating rescue operations. The purpose of this study was to determine flood zoning using unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) images and its impact on land use in the Lighvan river area, under the Ajai Chai Basin, southeast of Tabriz in East Azarbaijan province. The digital elevation model (DEM) with 70 cm accuracy was used for flood zoning. After converting the DEM to TIN for pre-processing, data were entered into HEC-GeoRAS software. And with TIN, three-dimensional UAV images were obtained and the height of profiles specified and hydraulic depth of the river extracted. After the pre-processing, the results entered in HEC-RAS software, so after the completion of flow specification and hydraulic data and entering capacity of flood discharges in return periods of 2, 5, 10, 25, 50, 100 and 200 years, flow model and water surface profile with return period obtained. Then the flood zones were combined with the land use map. The results showed that as the increase of return period the capacity increases too; flood zones increase, So that during the return period of 2, 5, 10, 25, 50,100 and 200 years 6.24, 6.31, 6.75, 7.80, 9.69, 10.36 and 11.44&nbsp; hectares, respectively, were covered by flood cover and It was also found that floods, gardens, barren lands, and residential areas were more affected by floods, respectively. Manuscript profile
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        140 - Modeling and zoning water quality parameters using Sentinel-2 satellite images and computational intelligence (Case study: Karun river)
        Kazem Rangzan Mostafa Kabolizade Mohsen Rahshidian Hossein Delfan
        Considering the progress made in remote sensing technology, collecting information on the quality of surface water resources by this technology, while reducing the cost and time of traditional sampling, can monitor all surface water zones. In this study, the Sentinel-2 More
        Considering the progress made in remote sensing technology, collecting information on the quality of surface water resources by this technology, while reducing the cost and time of traditional sampling, can monitor all surface water zones. In this study, the Sentinel-2 satellite images were used to estimate the concentration of acidity, bicarbonate and sulfate parameters. Initially, Sentinel-2 satellite images were pre-processing and then bands and spectral indexes were determined to identify the significant relationship between the parameter values of water quality and images using the multivariate regression method. In the next stage, using Artificial neural network (ANN) and Adaptive Neuro fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) models, the relationship between Sentinel-2 satellite images and water quality parameters were modeled and then their accuracy was calculated for real values. The results showed that in the modeling of sulfate parameter using Sentinel-2 satellite, ANFIS model with relative error equal to 0.0773 and RMSe equal to 0.8014 has a higher accuracy compared to ANN models with relative error equal to 0.1581 and RMSe equal to 1.2477. While, the relative error of the results of the ANN model are obtained 0.0064 and 0.0556 for acidity and bicarbonate parameter, respectively, and RMSe is equal to 0.0702 and 0.2691, respectively.&nbsp; The ANFIS model has a relative error of 0.0165 and 0.0722, and RMSe is 0.1975 and 0.3037 for acidity and bicarbonate parameter, respectively. Finally, using satellite images, the mentioned models were applied to prepare a qualitative map of each parameter along the part of the Karun river. Manuscript profile
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        141 - Monitoring and predicting the trend of changing rangelands using Satelite images and CA-Markov model (Case study: Noor-rood basin, Mazandaran proince)
        Nematollah Koohestani Shafagh Rastgar Ghodratollah Heidari Shaban Shatai Joybari Hamid Amirnejad
        10.30495/girs.2020.674923
        Predicting the trend of land use/land cover chenges in natural range ecosystem via remote sensing techniques and evaluating their potentials by modeling, plays an important role in decision making. The goal of this research is monitoring and predicting land use/land cov More
        Predicting the trend of land use/land cover chenges in natural range ecosystem via remote sensing techniques and evaluating their potentials by modeling, plays an important role in decision making. The goal of this research is monitoring and predicting land use/land cover changes in Nour-rood basin by CA-Markov in a 60 year periods (1988-2048). Landsat TM (1988, 1998, 2008) and OLI (2018) imagery of similar months (in July) were classified by maximum likelihood method algorithm. Terrestrial reality derived from topographic at scale 1:25000 and aerial photos available in the (GDNR) and (WMM) during 1988-2008 and field visits (2018) were evaluated for accuracy. The accuracy of the production maps calculated with Kappa coefficient. So that the highest and lowest ratio were related to the images of 1998 and 1988, respectively with the values of 0.86 and 0.81. The results were compared with field ground truth to determine the accuracy of results. Random matric used to convert land use classes and the map of land cover of Nour-rud basin predicted, in (2018-2028). The results showed that in (1988-2018), forests and rangelands with excellent and fair cover conditions had decreasing and ranges with good condition, rocks and residential areas had increasing trend. Total area of rangelands decreased from 116206 hectares in 1988 to 106336 hectares in 2018. Moreover, the results of Markov model with more than 85% precision showed the same trend of land use changes from 2018-2048. Excellent rangeland cover conditions, showed decreasing trend, rocky and residential areas will also have an increasing trend until 2048. Markov's prediction model also shows an accuracy of more than 85%. The trend of land use changes during 2018-2048 will be the same as in previous. In whitch case, excellent range condition will have decreasing trend; rocky and residential areas will have an increasing trend until 2048. Manuscript profile
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        142 - Application of remote sensing in hydraulic modeling and determination of riverbed boundaries (Case study: Ardak River)
        Seyed Hamid Mirghasemi Hossein Banejad Alireza Farid Hosseini
        10.30495/girs.2023.685799
        Background and Objective According to Article 45 of the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran and Article 2 of the Law on Fair Water Distribution, rivers are a national asset. They are in possession of the Islamic State. Therefore, the government is obliged to st More
        Background and Objective According to Article 45 of the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran and Article 2 of the Law on Fair Water Distribution, rivers are a national asset. They are in possession of the Islamic State. Therefore, the government is obliged to study and determine the bed and river boundaries, and if it recognizes the aristocracy in the bed and their area for disturbing water or electricity issues, to evacuate or tin and suppress them. Today, due to the increase in the economic value of land and the demand for land construction in lands along rivers and waterways, unfortunately, the process of using the riverbed has increased, which is a threat to access to safe water and its protection for future generations. Occupying rivers is associated with reduced land use and land use change. This disrupts the natural flow of the river, resulting in flooding and social, economic, and environmental damage. It is not possible to manage water resources, especially flood management, without knowing and analyzing the flow of rivers, flood zoning, and determining their bed boundaries and boundaries. At present, a land survey is being conducted to determine the extent of the floods and to determine the extent of the riverbed. This method is very time-consuming and expensive to perform. In this regard, using satellite imagery and aerial photographs instead of terrestrial mapping can be helpful in speeding up studies and reducing costs. Much research has been done in our beloved country of Iran and the world on the use of satellite images in various fields. In particular, several studies have used satellite imagery to study the changes in land use in watersheds and to study the morphological changes of the river. As noted, research has been conducted on the use of satellite imagery in hydrological studies and watersheds, but for the first time in this study, it is possible to use satellite imagery to map the river and extract its cross-sectional areas for flooding and riverbed delimitation. Has been studied. In recent years, the bed of the Ardak River above the Eradak Dam has been extensively occupied and altered. This has led to an increase in the number of floods and a decrease in the quantity and quality of water in the Ardak Dam, which supplies part of Mashhad's drinking water. For flood management and quantitative and qualitative protection of the Ardak dam, flood zoning and determination of the Ardak riverbed is necessary. At present, the ground mapping must be done first. Land surveying to map the river and extract its cross sections requires a lot of time and money. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the possibility of using satellite images with a resolution of 28.28 m instead of terrestrial mapping to increase the speed of work and reduce the cost of studies of water projects and projects and river engineering.Materials and Methods ASTER satellite imagery and HEC-GeoHMS software were used to draw the catchment area and extract its physical parameters. The existing riverbed map and its margin were prepared and added to the land use map of the basin as a new layer. The HEC-HMS hydrological model was used to simulate precipitation and runoff. First, a metering and validation model was used for five rainfall and runoff events. The precipitation histogram for different return periods was then introduced to the HEC-HMS model based on the basin concentration time. The execution and flood model were simulated with different return periods. The river's geometric information was extracted in transverse sections from both terrestrial mapping and satellite imagery using the HEC-GeoRAS appendix. Information from river flow modeling in HEC-RAS software was transferred to the GIS environment through HEC-GeoRAS extension and in the mentioned environment, flood zoning and riverbed boundary determination were determined by two methods of using land mapping information and using satellite images.Results and Discussion The results indicate that the flooding area and the determination of the riverbed can be done by using satellite images with a resolution of 28 &times; 28 m. In this case, the statistical indicators of the mean relative error and regression correlation coefficient were 13.2 and 92%, respectively. If cross-sectional crossings are taken at several points along the river route and replaced by cross-sections obtained by satellite imagery, the accuracy of flood zoning and riverbed delimitation will be enhanced by the use of satellite imagery. If at a distance of 150 meters and at a distance of 8 km, 47 cross-sections are located and grounded and replaced in the HEC-RAS model by cross-sections obtained from satellite images, the error of using the satellite imagery method for flood zoning and riverbed delimitation Will be reduced to 8.1%.Conclusion It is possible to use satellite images with a quality of 28 &times; 28 m to determine the river bed limit. This method is associated with the average relative error and regression correlation coefficient of 13.2% and 92%, respectively, which can be reduced by 8% with ground cutting. Manuscript profile
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        143 - The relationship between land use vector parameters and river water quality using GIS (Case study: Zayandehrood river)
        Zahra Khebri Farhad Nejadkoorki Hamid Sodaie Zadeh
        The Rivers are more important sources of surface water and fresh water in urban, agricultural and industrial. The aim of this study is to evaluate effects of pollutant sources on the water quality of river Zayandehroud using Geographic information systems (GIS). In this More
        The Rivers are more important sources of surface water and fresh water in urban, agricultural and industrial. The aim of this study is to evaluate effects of pollutant sources on the water quality of river Zayandehroud using Geographic information systems (GIS). In this study, physicochemical data (Discharge, Hardness, Cl, EC, pH), (October 2010 to May 2011) were studied in 7 stations of Zayandehroud. A land use map of the surrounding environment was then investigated with a buffer 0f 10 km from center of the river. Considering the location of monitoring stations the key factors, distance to industrial unit and land use percentage within the station buffet were calculated using GIS. Data moves to SPSS&reg;19 for further statistical analysis. The results show that, at 451682.3 hectares of around buffer the river consisted; 40.9% agricultural and 8.1% urban development. We also found that the physicochemical parameters have a direct with the increase agricultural area around each station relationship. Also located industries in the area of Polkalleh to Chum stations such as south Isfahan refinery, have a significant relationship with water quality factors discussed in this study. So considering the protection importance of the Zayandehroud river, applying appropriate management on this river is essential, especially in the areas after the city. Implementation of appropriate treatment system for industrial wastewater, advised to farmers in the proper use of chemical fertilizers can be the appropriate solution. Manuscript profile
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        144 - The relationship between cadmium levels inmuscleand body weightOf farmed rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) inTonekabonsDohezar River
        Mohammad Reza Ghomi Seyyed Mohsen Hosseini
        Inroduction and Objective:This study aimed to assess the heavy metal cadmium in muscle tissue of rainbow trout(Oncorhynchusmykiss)in Tonekabon'sDohezarRiver and its main purpose was to examine the correlation between weights cadmium.Material and Methods:In this study,tw More
        Inroduction and Objective:This study aimed to assess the heavy metal cadmium in muscle tissue of rainbow trout(Oncorhynchusmykiss)in Tonekabon'sDohezarRiver and its main purpose was to examine the correlation between weights cadmium.Material and Methods:In this study,twenty two rainbow trout (from 25 to 584 g) were caught and after tissue digestion, the cadmium amount was measured using the voltammetry method.Results:Based on the results, the average concentration of cadmium in muscle tissue of farmed rainbow trout in Tonekabon'sDohezar River was 1.01 microgram per gram, which shows higher rate than the standard accepted by the World Health Organization (WHO) (0.2 micrograms per gram). Also, byelevating in body weight of fish, cadmium levels are significantly (P Manuscript profile
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        145 - The Theory of Sustainable Cultural, Social and Economic Development of Iran's Professional Clubs
        Zahra Sohrabi Mehrdad Moharamzade Abas Nghizadeh Baghi Nasrin Azizian Kohan
        10.30486/4s.2023.1973566.1079
        Purpose: The current research tries to focus on social constructionism, link it with futurism, and in this process, using the constructivist approach of grounded theory, and present a short-range theory in the construction of possible futures of professional sports. The More
        Purpose: The current research tries to focus on social constructionism, link it with futurism, and in this process, using the constructivist approach of grounded theory, and present a short-range theory in the construction of possible futures of professional sports. The growth of professional sports is the beginning of the development of the sports industry.Methodology: The data of this qualitative research, which had an exploratory-fundamental nature, was collected through targeted sampling with the snowball technique and based on in-depth semi-structured interviews with 20 experts in the field of professional sports. A detailed interpretive understanding and primary, focused, central and theoretical coding determined that professional sports based on the requirements of shaping the future, by overcoming the weight of the past, the pressure of the present and in line with the tension of the future and the choice of proactive behavior in facing the future, can achieve its desired future. Make and set a perspective for it.Results: In this research, macro analysis of future trends, income generation from social media, new formulas for selling players, the existence of many talents in all disciplines in Iran, sustainable talent search by clubs, development of academies and provision of legal measures for broadcasting rights.Conclusion: In a general conclusion, it can be acknowledged that by identifying the surprises and drivers affecting the future of professional sports in Iran, it is possible to identify its various futures with different possibilities. Surprises sometimes bring transformative events such as the invention of a new technology. Sometimes it is possible to be aware of a surprise that is about to happen by tracking weak signs, but this is not always possible. Therefore, it is suggested to privatize the clubs with the presence of the stock market and non-stock market, the implementation of the principles of corporate governance in the club, the establishment of an independent business institution in sports, the creation of income-generating places by the clubs, technology-based transformation in ticket sales, providing online services to fans (buying, The sale of club clothes), the passing of laws to protect the economic rights of sports clubs, the creation of professional television channels in the context of technology, in this way, entering into the discussion of sports tourism with high-profile sports by clubs should be placed on the agenda of the Union of Professional Clubs of Iran. In the field of professional sports, issues such as the status of professional sports rights, the status of professional clubs, the status of professional athletes and the status of professional coaches are addressed. Legally, the legitimacy of professional sports is not explicitly mentioned in any of the existing laws. For this reason, different people with different interpretations of existing laws have commented on the legitimacy or illegitimacy of this sport. The same is the case with the financing of professional sports. Media rights are the most important source of income for professional clubs. The Broadcasting Organization does not consider itself obligated to pay this right in any way. There is no specific and codified law regarding other financial sources. Playing professional sports is to earn money. Therefore, in this type of sport, relationships are more commercial. Business rules and regulations do not apply in some cases in the field of professional sports. Due to this legal gap, special laws should be prepared regarding the legal relations between institutions and individuals in professional sports. One of the reasons for the weakness of professional sports is the lack of a support system for institutions, athletes and coaches. For the development of professional sports, it is necessary for those involved in this type of sports to have sufficient legal and financial support. Manuscript profile
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        146 - The theory of social constructionism of Iraqi professional clubs
        Aws Saad Hussein Rasool Nazari Naseer Qassem Khalaf Rezvan Mirsafaei Rizi
        10.30486/4s.2024.2004190.1180
        IntroductionConstructivism basically carries the term "make knowledge"; Constructivism is known by focusing on how the individual cognitively participates in the construction of knowledge from the perspective of social construction and acknowledges that knowledge and me More
        IntroductionConstructivism basically carries the term "make knowledge"; Constructivism is known by focusing on how the individual cognitively participates in the construction of knowledge from the perspective of social construction and acknowledges that knowledge and meaning are historically and culturally constructed through social processes and actions. Constructivist theory views knowledge as a construct. Purpose: The current research tries to link it with futurism by focusing on constructivism and in this process, by using the constructivist approach of grounded theory, to present a short-range theory in the construction of possible futures of professional sports. The growth of professional sports is the beginning of the development of the sports industry.MethodologyThis research is a type of qualitative research. In the present research, because we are looking for new concepts, from the point of view of nature, exploratory-fundamental; In terms of approach, inductive; From a paradigm perspective, the interpretive-constructive paradigm; From the perspective of strategy, the data theory of the foundation with a constructivist approach; From the point of view of data collection, field and library; From the point of view of the goal, explanation and modeling, and from the point of view of data collection tools, in-depth interviews and theoretical studies. Grounded theory or foundational data is one of the strategies of the qualitative method that emphasizes the induction or emergence of information from the data, in order to create a theory or model. In grounded theory, data forms the basis of our theory and our analysis of these data produces the concepts we want. Data allows us to learn from the stories of survivors and allows research participants to break the silence. But how researchers observe and present data depends on which version or approach they adopt from the grounded theory method (Charmaz, 2020). In this research, after studying and examining the mentioned challenge, in order to provide a systematic and schematic model of the findings from the coded data, it was tried to use the constructivist approach in the foundational data theory presented by Charmez. , to be used. This plan refers to the view of Charms (2020), which is a kind of philosophical position, between the almost positivist (quantitative) issue of Glaser and Strauss and the issue of postmodern researchers who question the importance of dominant research methods. Constructivist grounded theory leads researchers to focus on what is happening in the research context, reiterates that researchers are part of it, be flexible and follow empirical events.The data of this qualitative research, which had an exploratory-fundamental nature, was collected through targeted sampling with the snowball technique and based on in-depth semi-structured interviews with 20 experts in the field of professional sports in Iraq. A detailed interpretive understanding and primary, focused, central and theoretical coding determined that professional sports based on the requirements of shaping the future, by overcoming the weight of the past, the pressure of the present and in line with the tension of the future and the choice of proactive behavior in facing the future, can achieve its desired future. Make and set a perspective for it.Results: In this research, macro analysis of future trends, generating income from social media, new formulas for selling players, the existence of many talents in all disciplines in Iraq, sustainable talent search by clubs, development of academies and provision of legal measures for broadcasting rights.ConclusionIn this research, the surprising factors affecting Iraqi professional sports were also identified. The most important surprises affecting professional sports in Iraq include: privatization of public media, privatization of clubs, amendment of laws and copyright law, meritocracy, non-interference of politicians, change of attitude of managers, exclusive networks, sale of players, sale of products and marketing. Among the influential drivers are the drivers of professional sports budget providers, which are considered as one of the basic drivers of professional sports. Currently, the biggest drivers of professional sports goals in Iraq are the government and industries, and part of the armed forces and part of the sector. Private and those who fund professional sports form because this field is the biggest source that helps us to implement any program, especially the strategic plan with it is the issue of budget. Increasing the budget of Iraqi sports is one of the main drivers of professional sports in Iraq. Because the more economical the view of sports, especially professional sports, these sports will definitely win medals and bring Iraq to sustainable income generation and development in professional sports. Another driver identified is the presence of sponsors, which are the biggest drivers of Iraq's professional sports in the form of government sponsors and sometimes private sponsors. According to the findings of the research, one of the drivers identified in professional sports is having strategic and long-term plans in various fields of professional sports. Hence, the programs that are based on winning medals and titles in world arenas and Olympics, etc. Among other drivers in professional sports, we can mention the employment of competent people in management positions. Another driver of professional sports is talent search. If the talent search is done correctly in sports fields and these talents are increased based on a written program and a predetermined scientific plan, it can be effective in the world fields and the Olympics.Therefore, in order to make the state sports smaller and smaller, it is suggested that an independent institution of trade in sports be formed, consisting of the trustees of real private clubs, with the aim of making decisions for economic discussions and providing superior income generation models. The primary goal of this independent institution should be to attract the trustees of state clubs and go towards privatization. In a general conclusion, it can be acknowledged that by identifying the surprises and drivers affecting the future of professional sports in Iraq, it is possible to identify its various futures with different possibilities. Surprises sometimes bring transformative events such as the invention of a new technology. Manuscript profile
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        147 - `The Journey Of Truth Eshraghi  based on Ghorbate- Gharbi Story
        Eynollah Khademi Fatemeh Kokaram
        In Suhrawardi's opinion, soul is a light of ‘triumphal’ or ‘victorial’ lights that while is from east world, has belonged to material body; involved to its possession and trapped to the dark world. seeker's soul finds his true position after knowledge itself and seeks t More
        In Suhrawardi's opinion, soul is a light of ‘triumphal’ or ‘victorial’ lights that while is from east world, has belonged to material body; involved to its possession and trapped to the dark world. seeker's soul finds his true position after knowledge itself and seeks to achieve it. Main theme of Sheikh Eshragh's writing in symbolic languages include the way back to real home, obstacles ahead and following steps with guidance of leader  Suhrewardiin symbolic form, occasionally, express some clauses for entering into soul world and spiritual experiences.Based on Sohrawardi’s Mystical opinions, highperfection of soul is his more sameness to Allah. This is what the mystical writings are preparing premises for its explanation. Manuscript profile
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        148 - Estimation of field biotic index and water quality of Kor River in autumn season using aquatic insects fauna
        Hadi Ostovan
        Benthic macroinvertebrate species are differentially sensitive to many biotic and abiotic factors in their environment. The field biotic index is based on family level identification of water arthropods. An interest in environmental quality is one of the major reasons f More
        Benthic macroinvertebrate species are differentially sensitive to many biotic and abiotic factors in their environment. The field biotic index is based on family level identification of water arthropods. An interest in environmental quality is one of the major reasons for the study of aquatic insects. The idea of using the aquatic insect community to &ldquo;indicate&rdquo; the degree of purity or pollution of a body of water is over half a century old. It is based on the concept of indicator organisms and tolerance levels. During October, November and Dececember 2008 studies were carried out on the field biotic index of Kor river in Marvdasht region (Fars province) using aquatic insects fauna. A total of 16 families were collected and identified in 14 habitat codes of Kor river. In this survey, biotic index of KorRiver was 7.2 and evaluation of the water quality based on the biotic index was calculated. Water quality of Kor river was fairly poor (significant organic pollution) during this survey. Manuscript profile
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        149 - Species Diversity of Aquatic Hemiptera in Ghare-Agag River in Jahrom Region
        Hadi Ostovan Azadeh Aref Nia
        During 2003-2004, a faunistic study was conducted to collect and identify on aquatic Hemiptera in Ghare-Agag river in Jahrom region&nbsp; ( Fars province ). A total of 14 species belonging to 6 families were collected and identified.These species were confirmed by Dr.Li More
        During 2003-2004, a faunistic study was conducted to collect and identify on aquatic Hemiptera in Ghare-Agag river in Jahrom region&nbsp; ( Fars province ). A total of 14 species belonging to 6 families were collected and identified.These species were confirmed by Dr.Linnavuori (Finland)&nbsp; and Dr. Zettel (Austria).They are listed as follows : &nbsp; Family Gerridae (Leach, 1815) 1- Aquarius paludum paludum (Fabricius, 1794), 2- Gerris (Gerris) costaefieberi Stichel, 1938, 3- Gerris (Gerris) thoracicus (Schummel, 1832) Family Veliidae Brull&eacute;, 1836 1-Microvelia (Microvelia) pygmaea (Dufour, 1833), 2- Velia (Plesiovelia) manciniilyciae Tamanini, 1955 Family Hydrometridae (Billberg, 1820) 1-Hydrometra stagnorum (Linnaeus, 1758) Family Leptopodidae Brulle, 1836 1-Valleriola assouanensis (A. Costa, 1875) Family Corixidae Leach, 1815 1-Corixa affinis Leach, 1817,&nbsp; 2- Sigara (Tropocorixa) hoggarica Poisson, 1929, 3- Sigara (Vermicorixa) lateralis (Leach, 1817), 4- Micronecta (Micronecta) anatolica anatolica Lindberg, 1922 Family Notonectidae Latreille, 1802 1-Anisops debilis perplexus Poisson, 1929, 2- Notonecta (Notonecta)maculata Fabricius, 1794, 3- Notonecta (Notonecta) viridis Delcourt, 1909 Manuscript profile
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        150 - Determination of biotic index and water quality of Anjireh river (Fars, Iran) In autumn using aquatic insects fauna
        M. Sadeghi E. Sholesadi H. Ostovan
        Insects are about 75% of identified animal species in the world and of which 3% are aquatic insects. Aquatic; Insects are differently sensitive to biotic and abiotic factors in environment. This study was carried out to calculate the biotic index of Anjireh river, Shira More
        Insects are about 75% of identified animal species in the world and of which 3% are aquatic insects. Aquatic; Insects are differently sensitive to biotic and abiotic factors in environment. This study was carried out to calculate the biotic index of Anjireh river, Shiraz ( Fars province) using aquatic insects fauna during October, November and December of 2013. 18 Families were collected and identified in 12 Sample Sites of this river. The biotic index of the river was 5.91, which showed that the quality of this river was fairly poor. Manuscript profile
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        151 - Potential impact of drought on Mikkes River flow (Morocco)
        Kaltoum Belhassan Ashok Vaseashta Mohammed Abdelbaset Hessane Hafizullah Rasouli Mohammed KA Kaabar Emad Kamil Hussein Muhammad Adnan
        10.30495/ijes.2022.1943387.1668
        Manuscript profile
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        152 - Demarcation of Groundwater Prospective Zones in Humid Tropical River Basin: A Geospatial Approach
        Sreela Reghu Girish Gopinath Reji Srinivas Rajesh Regunath Kurian Sajan
        Groundwater, being a vital resource, needs to be developed with proper understanding about its occurrence in time and space. Unscientific sand mining is a dominant environmental issue in this humid tropical river basin namely Bharathapuzha river basin geographically on More
        Groundwater, being a vital resource, needs to be developed with proper understanding about its occurrence in time and space. Unscientific sand mining is a dominant environmental issue in this humid tropical river basin namely Bharathapuzha river basin geographically on central part of Kerala state, southwest part of India. The sandy layers along the river course declines its water holding capacity due to indiscriminate sand mining throughout the river basin. For a sustainable development of water resources, it is imperative to make a quantitative estimation of the available water resources. The purpose of the study is to identify the groundwater potential zones in the Bharathapuzha river basin in Kerala state, India based on Remote Sensing and GIS technology. Thematic layers considered in the study are geomorphology, land use, and lineament derived from IRS P6 LISS IV digital data; drainage network contour and slope maps are generated using toposheets; geology from GSI geology maps, with the help of Arc GIS Software and Erdas Software. Storativity and transmissivity of the study area was prepared using pumping test data. The thematic layers were over layered by weighted overlay method using Arc GIS. Four groundwater potential zones were identified in the study area represented as very good, good, moderate and poor potential zones. Manuscript profile
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        153 - A New Hydrological Method for Estimating the River Bed and Drainage Basin Components of Erosion and Suspended Sediment Fluxes in River Basins
        A.V. Gusarov
        This paper uses the results of river suspended sediment flux (SSF) analysis to propose a new hydrological method for quantitatively estimating the river bed and drainage basin (sheet erosion, rill and gully erosion) components of total erosion intensity in river basins. More
        This paper uses the results of river suspended sediment flux (SSF) analysis to propose a new hydrological method for quantitatively estimating the river bed and drainage basin (sheet erosion, rill and gully erosion) components of total erosion intensity in river basins. The suggested method is based on the establishment of the functional power connection between mean monthly water discharges (WD, Q i ) and suspended sediment fluxes (r i ) calculated for the low-water-discharge phases of a river’s hydrological regime in various (on mean annual water discharges) years: r i = a&times;Q i (where a, &igrave; are some empirical coefficients), and further extrapolation of this connection for other phases of the hydrological regime. Thus, the extrapolation allows us to calculate (in a long-term annual SSF) the proportions of sediments originating in river beds and drainage basins. The proposed method is tested using a long-term (not less than 10 years) series of observations for WD and SSF of 124 chiefly small and midsize rivers of the East-European plain, the Urals, the Eastern Carpathians, the Ciscaucasia and the Caucasus, and Central Asian mountains, containing data on the mean monthly values of WD and SSF. The paper also compares the method with other methods for estimating the components of erosion intensity and SSF.. Manuscript profile
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        154 - New Approach for Estimation of Natural and Anthropogenic Components in the Recent Tendencies of Erosion Intensity and Suspended Sediment Yield Changes in River Basins
        A.V. Gusarov
        The offered approach is based on the establishment of the functional dependence between river water discharge (Q) and suspended ms ,in a number of observations, which noticeably differs from the mean value (R) of subsequent allocated period(s). The earliest period anthr More
        The offered approach is based on the establishment of the functional dependence between river water discharge (Q) and suspended ms ,in a number of observations, which noticeably differs from the mean value (R) of subsequent allocated period(s). The earliest period anthropogenic component during the subsequent period(s) is the difference between an actual suspended sediment yield and its hypothetical value, which is connected only with changes of natural (mainly, hydro-climatical) factors without any anthropogenic changes of geographical (erosive) conditions in a river basin. This hydro-climatical component is calculated by extrapolation of an me for subsequent period(s). Approbation of the offered approach is made on the examples of some rivers (Zapadny Bug (Ukraine), Magdalena (Colombia), Bei-Nan (Taiwan, China), Sanchuanhe (China) and Indus (India, Pakistan, China). Manuscript profile
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        155 - Relationship between River Flow, Rainfall and Groundwater pumpage in Mikkes Basin (Morocco)
        K. Belhassan
        This paper investigates the relationship between river flow, rainfall and groundwater pumpage in the Mikkes stream during the period 1968-2009. The Mikkes basin is located in the north center of Morocco and consists of three different zones that represent diversified ge More
        This paper investigates the relationship between river flow, rainfall and groundwater pumpage in the Mikkes stream during the period 1968-2009. The Mikkes basin is located in the north center of Morocco and consists of three different zones that represent diversified geologies. This basin includes a phreatic and confined aquifer in Sa&iuml;s basin and a shallow aquifer in the Tabular Middle Atlas. Analysis of monthly medium flows between 1968 and 2009 shows an approximate oceanic system which is characterized by two hydrological seasons. First a period of high waters in winters which is conditioned by the pluviometric contributions and the second is a low water period in summer which is conditioned by evapotranspiration. The mode of this River can be called a pluvio- evaporal type. The high deficit of the Mikkes stream (between 1968-1979 and 1980-2009) is about 76% and could be the combined effect of drought and groundwater pumpage. Water table variations could be conditioned by climatic changes and regional geology. Actually, the annual water table variations show a drop in ground water levels, which is due to the combined effect of reduction in precipitation that has reduced the natural recharge of groundwater, and the increase in pumping which is increasing year by year for more than 80 years in this region. In addition, free-water tables are much more susceptible to pumpage when compared to the confined aquifer. Thus, the water table and piezometric heads of the Mikkes basin do not demonstrate a uniform sensitivity to the drought. High rainfall between 1995 and 1997 had affected the groundwater levels of Mikkes with an increase in piezometric level. The monthly piezometric variations of free-water table are characterized by a seasonal operation: groundwater recharge and discharge. Manuscript profile
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        156 - Evaluation of Groundwater Chemistry of a Central Kerala River Basin, India using Multivariate Analysis
        Girish Gopinath Resmi T. R.
        Statistical processing of data was necessary to arrive at a reasonable conclusion regarding the chemical behavior of groundwater in a river basin. Multivariate analysis was done to elucidate the groundwater chemistry of a Central Kerala River basin. Hydrochemical parame More
        Statistical processing of data was necessary to arrive at a reasonable conclusion regarding the chemical behavior of groundwater in a river basin. Multivariate analysis was done to elucidate the groundwater chemistry of a Central Kerala River basin. Hydrochemical parameters like EC, pH, TDS, TH, Ca, Mg, Na, K, Cl, F, HCO 3 +CO 3 , SO 4 , total Fe were estimated in the pre- monsoon and post-monsoon seasons. Factor and cluster analysis differentiated two distinct contributing components to the groundwater in the basin indicating that there is considerable mixing of the groundwater and surface water in the post-monsoon season whereas such a process is not significant during the pre-monsoon period. Different geochemical controls of the investigated parameters were also assessed. Manuscript profile
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        157 - مدل‏سازی هیدروگراف جریان با استفاده از GIS و مدل هیدرولوژیکی توزیعی در حوزه دینور کرخه
        مریم آذین&rlm; مهر عبدالرضا بهره&rlm; مند آتنا کبیر
        در این مقاله اساس مدل&rlm; سازی در حوزه بصورت تقسیم&rlm;&rlm; بندی آن بصورت شبکه&rlm; ای می &rlm;باشد، به &shy;طوری که هر سلول یک تابع پاسخ مستقل و منحصر به&shy; فردی نسبت به سایر سلول&rlm; ها دارد. از مجموع پاسخ&rlm; های جریان سلول&rlm; ها، هیدروگراف جریان از سطح حوزه More
        در این مقاله اساس مدل&rlm; سازی در حوزه بصورت تقسیم&rlm;&rlm; بندی آن بصورت شبکه&rlm; ای می &rlm;باشد، به &shy;طوری که هر سلول یک تابع پاسخ مستقل و منحصر به&shy; فردی نسبت به سایر سلول&rlm; ها دارد. از مجموع پاسخ&rlm; های جریان سلول&rlm; ها، هیدروگراف جریان از سطح حوزه حاصل می &rlm;شود. روش ارائه شده، پیش &rlm;بینی هیدروگراف جریان حوزه رودخانه با استفاده از مدل هیدرولوژیکی WetSpa است. WetSpa یک مدل هیدرولوژیکی- توزیعی بر پایه GIS می&rlm;باشد که در مقیاس حوزه عمل کرده و برای پیش&rlm; بینی سیلاب و مدیریت حوزه آبخیز توسعه یافته است. مدل فیزیکی بوده و قادراست فرایندهای هیدرولوژیکی بارش، ذوب برف، ذخیره برگابی، ذخیره چالابی، رواناب سطحی، نفوذپذیری، تبخیر و تعرق، نفوذ عمقی، جریان زیر سطحی، جریان آب زیر زمینی و... را به طور پیوسته در زمان و مکان شبیه &rlm;سازی نموده و تعادل آب و انرژی را در هر سلول رستری برقرار نماید. مدل از لایه های توپوگرافی، کاربری و خاک و همچنین آمار هواشناسی روزانه برای پیش&rlm; بینی هیدروگراف &rlm;های سیل و توزیع مکانی پارامترهای هیدرولوژیکی حوزه استفاده می &rlm;نماید. نقشه&rlm; های رقومی توپوگرافی، کاربری اراضی و بافت خاک سه نقشه اصلی مدل بوده که در قالب GIS و با ابعاد سلولی100 &times;100 متر به مدل وارد شدند. مدل با 76 ماه آمار هیدرومتئورولوژیکی اندازه&rlm;گیری شده در حوزه دینور کرخه در کرمانشاه به کار برده شد. نتایج شبیه&rlm; سازی حاکی از تطابق خوب بین هیدروگراف &rlm;های شبیه&rlm; سازی و مشاهده&rlm;ای است به طوریکه مدل قادر است هیدروگراف &rlm;های روزانه را با دقت خوب و بر اساس معیار ناش-ساتکلیف دوره واسنجی و کلینگ- گوپتا دوره اعتبارسنجی به ترتیب 66 &nbsp;درصد و 72 درصد پیش &rlm;بینی نماید. Manuscript profile
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        158 - ارزیابی اثر خشک سالی برEC و SAR در هفت ایستگاه هیدرومتری در مسیر رودخانه دز
        سعید آزیش علی عصاره داود خدادادی دهکردی
        &nbsp;یکی از پیامد&shy;های خشک&shy;سالی فشار بر منابع آبی است. در این مطالعه اثر خشکسالی بر EC و SAR رودخانه دز مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. بدین منظور هفت ایستگاه آبسنجی در طول مسیر رودخانه انتخاب و آمار ده&nbsp; ساله کیفی آب (سال&shy;های 93-83) از سازمان آب و برق خوزستان و آ More
        &nbsp;یکی از پیامد&shy;های خشک&shy;سالی فشار بر منابع آبی است. در این مطالعه اثر خشکسالی بر EC و SAR رودخانه دز مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. بدین منظور هفت ایستگاه آبسنجی در طول مسیر رودخانه انتخاب و آمار ده&nbsp; ساله کیفی آب (سال&shy;های 93-83) از سازمان آب و برق خوزستان و آمار هواشناسی از ایستگاه&shy;های حسینیه، دزفول و شوش اخذ شد. نتایج نشان داد شدید&shy;ترین خشک&shy;سالی در ایستگاه‌های حسینیه و دزفول مربوط به سال 1387 و در ایستگاه شوش مربوط به سال 1390 می&lrm;باشد. در سال&shy;های شاخص خشکسالی نسبت به میانگین درازمدت در ایستگاه&shy;های سپید دشت سزار، سپید دشت زاز، تنگ پنج سزار، تنگ پنج بختیاری، دزفول، حرمله و بامدژ به ترتیب 74/3، 3/15، 67/11، 16/22، 59/10، 28/5 و 98/37 درصد افزایش یافته است. همچنین در بین هفت ایستگاه &nbsp;منتخب، بیشترین درصد افزایشSAR &nbsp;در سال&shy;های خشک مربوط به ایستگاه دزفول با 50 درصد می&shy;باشد. Manuscript profile
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        159 - استفاده از پودر کربن فعال در فن آوری لجن فعال جهت بررسی اثر تصفیه پذیری فاضلاب صنعتی پتروشیمی در مقیاس آزمایشگاهی جهت پالایندگی آب برگشتی
        محمد رضا فرشادی روحالله مختاران جواد احدیان
        به منظور تعیین ویژگی&shy;های دو سیستم تصفیه فاضلاب به روش لجن فعال، هوادهی گسترده و افزودن پودر کربن فعال به واحد هوادهی در مقیاس آزمایشگاهی و مقایسه عملکرد آنها در کاهش بار آلی ناشی از بنزن و اتیلن&shy;دی&shy;کلراید در فاضلاب مصنوعی مقایسه&shy;ای صورت گرفت؛ و دو سیستم More
        به منظور تعیین ویژگی&shy;های دو سیستم تصفیه فاضلاب به روش لجن فعال، هوادهی گسترده و افزودن پودر کربن فعال به واحد هوادهی در مقیاس آزمایشگاهی و مقایسه عملکرد آنها در کاهش بار آلی ناشی از بنزن و اتیلن&shy;دی&shy;کلراید در فاضلاب مصنوعی مقایسه&shy;ای صورت گرفت؛ و دو سیستم که یک سیستم با استفاده از پودر کربن فعال و سیستم دیگر بدون استفاده از پودر کربن فعال می&shy;باشد در مقیاس آزمایشگاهی با حجم هوادهی 9 لیتر و واحد ته نشینی 4 لیتر طراحی و ساخته شد. با استفاده از یک فاضلاب مصنوعی با ترکیب شیمیایی معلوم مبتنی بر بنزن و اتیلن&shy;دی&shy;کلراید با میزان&nbsp; COD بین 300 تا 1100 میلی&shy;گرم بر لیتر، دو سیستم فوق به مدت 6 ماه مورد بهره&shy;برداری قرار گرفتند. در دوره بررسی، بازدهی کاهش و حذف مواد آلی و تغییرات مواد جامد مخلوط و نیز مواد جامد معلق فرار مایع مخلوط در هر دو سیستم در شرایط مختلف تغییر غلظت ورودی همراه با ثابت نگه&shy;داشتن مقدار پودر کربن فعال ایرانی به میزان 2500 میلی&shy;گرم بر لیتر و زمان ماند هیدرولیک و جامدات به ترتیب برابر با 18 ساعت و 15 روز صورت گرفت. یافته&shy;های حاصل از این پژوهش نشان می&shy;دهند که پودر کربن فعال انتخابی برای جذب اتیلن&shy;دی&shy;کلراید و بنزن در بارهای 400 و 700 میلی&shy;گرم بر لیتر نسبت به بارهای 900 و 1100 میلی&shy;گرم بر لیتر بهتر عمل نموده است. همچنین مشخص گردید که استفاده از پودر کربن فعال در سیستم با پودر باعث ناسازگاری سریعتر سیستم نسبت به سیستم لجن فعال در واحد هوادهی، میزان مواد جامد معلق فرار، مایع مخلوط و مواد جامد معلق مایع مخلوط بهتر از سیستم بدون پودر کربن فعال می&shy;باشد. در صورت افزایش درصد حذف COD در سیستم، میزان مواد فوق نیز افزایش پیدا می&shy;کنند. Manuscript profile
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        160 - برآورد دبی سیلاب طراحی برای مطالعات ساماندهی رودخانه سرخه‌حصار (محدوده شهرک ولی عصر شهر ری)
        مجید عبادی فر سید علی حسینی ابری امین عبادی فر مهدی شمس آبادی زاده
        اصلاح و به&lrm;سازی مسیر رودخانه&shy;ها بر خصوصیات سیلاب از قبیل پهنه سیل، شکل هیدروگراف و سرعت جریان در مقاطع مختلف تأثیرگذار است و برای آن که بتوان این اقدامات را به بهترین شکل ممکن به انجام رساند، نیاز به برآورد صحیح&nbsp;دبی سیلاب با دوره بازگشت&shy;های مختلف&nbsp;م More
        اصلاح و به&lrm;سازی مسیر رودخانه&shy;ها بر خصوصیات سیلاب از قبیل پهنه سیل، شکل هیدروگراف و سرعت جریان در مقاطع مختلف تأثیرگذار است و برای آن که بتوان این اقدامات را به بهترین شکل ممکن به انجام رساند، نیاز به برآورد صحیح&nbsp;دبی سیلاب با دوره بازگشت&shy;های مختلف&nbsp;می&shy;باشد. تحقیق حاضر با هدف تعیین ابعاد سیلاب طراحی رودخانه سرخه&shy;حصار در محدوده شهرک ولی&shy;عصر شهر ری نظر انجام گرفته است. برای این کار، ضمن بهره&shy;گیری از قابلیت&shy;های نرم&shy;افزار Hyfran-plus، از روش منطقه&shy;&shy;ای (با انتخاب 16 ایستگاه هیدرومتری) و همچنین روش&shy;های دبی ویژه سیلاب و نسبت دوره &shy;بازگشت (با انتخاب ایستگاه تقی&shy;آباد به عنوان مبنا) استفاده گردید. نتایج تحقیق نشان داد که بین مقادیر دبی سیلابی محاسبه شده از روش&shy;های مختلف اختلاف فاحشی وجود دارد که علت این امر را می‌توان به شرایط خاص حوضه آبریز رودخانه مورد مطالعه و برخورداری از کمترین توان تولید سیلاب در مقایسه با حوضه&shy;های اطراف آن نسبت داد. اگرچه به نظر می&shy;رسد که استفاده از دبی ویژه سیلاب ایستگاه مبنا نتایج منطقی&shy;تری نسبت به روش منطقه&shy;&shy;ای بدست می&shy;دهد، اما بررسی&shy;های میدانی نشان داد که &laquo;نسبت دوره &shy;بازگشت در ایستگاه مبنا&raquo;، از مقبولیت بیشتری نسبت به سایر روش&shy;ها برخوردار بوده و بر این اساس، دبی پیک سیلاب رودخانه با دوره بازگشت&shy;های 25، 50 و 100 سال، به ترتیب برابر 118، 128 و 137 مترمکعب در ثانیه بدست می&shy;آید. در نهایت، جهت تهیه ابعاد هیدروگراف سیلاب طراحی، با توجه به عدم دسترسی به سیلاب&shy;های ساعتی مشاهده&shy;ای در ایستگاه مبنا، از روش تجربی SCS استفاده گردید. Manuscript profile
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        161 - بررسی اثر لایروبی بر هیدرولیک جریان و کاهش سیلاب بازه پایین دست رودخانه (مطالعه موردی: بازه پایین دست رودخانه کارون بزرگ حد فاصل چنیبیه اهواز تا فارسیات)
        رضا منجزی محمد حیدرتژاد مهدی اسدی لور ابراهیم حسینی
        هدف از این تحقیق مدلسازی اثرات لایروبی بر هیدرولیک جریان رودخانه کارون در بازه پایین دست شهر اهواز تا روستای فارسیات می باشد. بدین منظور با استفاده از نرم افزار4.1HEC-RAS ،الگوی یک بعدی جریان در چنین میدانی شبیه سازی شد. پس از وارد نمودن اطلاعات به مدل و کالیبراسیون آن، More
        هدف از این تحقیق مدلسازی اثرات لایروبی بر هیدرولیک جریان رودخانه کارون در بازه پایین دست شهر اهواز تا روستای فارسیات می باشد. بدین منظور با استفاده از نرم افزار4.1HEC-RAS ،الگوی یک بعدی جریان در چنین میدانی شبیه سازی شد. پس از وارد نمودن اطلاعات به مدل و کالیبراسیون آن، بر اساس دبی های طراحی انتخاب شده مدل اجرا گردید و مقادیر رقوم سطح آب استخراج و نواحی پخش سیلاب تعیین شدند. سپس مقاطع عرضی رودخانه اصلاح شده به گونه ای که مشکل پخش سیلاب حل شود. پس از آن بر اساس مقادیر اصلاحی مقاطع، حجم لایروبی به صورت تقریبی محاسبه و راهکارهایی جهت اجرایی لایروبی بهینه ارائه گردید. طبق جداول اشاره شده در متن نتایج حاصله نشان می دهد که لایروبی تأثیر چندانی بر کاهش رقوم سطح آب در دبی های با دوره بازگشت بالا ندارد ولیکن نتایج نشان دهنده افزایش سرعت جریان در حالت انجام لایروبی می باشد. Manuscript profile
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        162 - بررسی توزیع سرعت، الگوی جریان و آبشستگی پل رودخانه سیمینه رود ( اطراف پایه های 1 تا 3)
        غلامحسین اکبری علی جعفری
        تأثیر پدیدۀ آبشستگی بر روی سازه &shy;های آبی از جمله پل&shy; ها، از مباحث مهم در مهندسی عمران و مهندسی رودخانه می &shy;باشد، پل‌ها از قدیمی‌ترین سازه‌های مهندسی هستند. یکی از مهمترین عوامل تخریب پل‌ها ، مسئله آبشستگی موضعی در اطراف پایه‌های آن می‌باشد. این نوع فرسایش با More
        تأثیر پدیدۀ آبشستگی بر روی سازه &shy;های آبی از جمله پل&shy; ها، از مباحث مهم در مهندسی عمران و مهندسی رودخانه می &shy;باشد، پل‌ها از قدیمی‌ترین سازه‌های مهندسی هستند. یکی از مهمترین عوامل تخریب پل‌ها ، مسئله آبشستگی موضعی در اطراف پایه‌های آن می‌باشد. این نوع فرسایش با حفره‌ای که در اطراف سازه شکل می‌گیرد، قابل شناسایی است. این حفره در صورت گسترش در عمق می‌تواند باعث خرابی و در نهایت ریزش پل گردد. برای بررسی دقیق جریان و پیش &shy;بینی آبشستگی موضعی در اطراف پایه &shy;های پل، نیاز به فهم دقیق الگوی جریان در اطراف پایه&shy; ها است. با شناخت کامل جریان می &shy;توان با حل معادلات حاکم، میدان جریان را به طور کامل مدل کرده و به همراه حل معادلات انتقال رسوب و با تکیه بر پیشرفت&shy; های چشمگیر در علم دینامیک سیالات محاسباتی (CFD)[1]، روش دقیق برای تخمین آبشستگی موضعی در اطراف این سازه &shy;ها بدست آورد. در تحقیق پیش رو، شبیه‌سازی انجام گرفته، با استفاده از نرم افزار &nbsp;Flow-3Dکه نرم &shy;افزاری توانمند در شبیه &shy;سازی آشفتگی جریان به صورت سه&shy; بعدی است صورت گرفته، برای این منظور با استفاده از مدل Shallow water، مشخصه&shy; های جریان شامل سطح آب، سرعت، فشار و غیره را در اثر عبور دبی با دوره بازگشت صد ساله ( &nbsp;2723) در محدوده ابتدای پل اول تا 100 متر پایین&shy; دست پل رودخانه سیمینه &shy;رود محاسبه شد. سپس با استفاده از مدل Sediment scour به صورت سه بعدی به بررسی میزان توسعه&shy; ی فرآیند آبشستگی در اطراف پایه &shy;های 1 تا 3 پل رودخانه سیمینه &shy;رود پرداخته شد. &nbsp;[1]-Computational Fluid Dynamics Manuscript profile
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        163 - بررسی روند تغییرات زمانی شوری آب در ایستگاه‌های هیدرومتری رودخانه دز از نظر کاربرد در کشاورزی
        سعید آزیش علی عصاره داود خدادادی دهکردی
        در این مطالعه&nbsp; روند تغییرات شوری آب رودخانه دز از نظر&nbsp; کاربرد در کشاورزی مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. بدین منظور 7 ایستگاه آب&shy;سنجی در طول مسیر رودخانه انتخاب شد. آمار اندازه&shy;گیری شده شوری آب رودخانه در سال&shy;های&nbsp; 93-83 از سازمان آب و برق خوزستان جمع&sh More
        در این مطالعه&nbsp; روند تغییرات شوری آب رودخانه دز از نظر&nbsp; کاربرد در کشاورزی مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. بدین منظور 7 ایستگاه آب&shy;سنجی در طول مسیر رودخانه انتخاب شد. آمار اندازه&shy;گیری شده شوری آب رودخانه در سال&shy;های&nbsp; 93-83 از سازمان آب و برق خوزستان جمع&shy;آوری و مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. سپس نتایج با استانداردهای ویلکوکس و رهنمودهای آب آبیاری آیرز و وستکات مورد بررسی و طبقه بندی قرار گرفت. در طبقه بندی ویلکوکس در طی 10 سال، ایستگاه های سپید دشت سزار، سپید دشت زاز، تنگ پنج سزار و دزفول در کلاس C2-S1 قرار گرفت؛ که در نتیجه از نظر نسبت جذب سدیمی در محدوده کم خطر و از نظر شوری در محدوده آب&shy;های کمی شور قرار دارد که برای کشاورزی تقریبا مناسب هستند. ایستگاه تنگ&shy;پنج بختیاری نیز در سال&shy;های 84-83، 84-85، 85-86 ، 88-89 و 92-91 در کلاس C2-S1 و در سال های 87-86، 88-87، 90-89، 91-90، 93-92 و 94-93 در کلاس C3-S1 قرار گرفت. همچنین&nbsp; ایستگاه&shy;های حرمله و بامدژ در کلاس C3-S1 قرار گرفتند که از نظر نسبت جذب سدیمی در محدوده کم خطر و از نظر شوری در محدوده آب&shy;های شور قرار می&shy;گیرند؛ که در نتیجه با تمهیدات مناسب و مدیریت کنترل شوری و استفاده از زهکشی مناسب زمین برای کشاورزی مشکلی بوجود نمی&shy;آورند. از نظر رده&shy;بندی کیفیت آب آبیاری به روش FAO، میزان سدیم، کلسیم، منیزیم و سولفات نرمال&nbsp; است و در استفاده از بی&shy;کربنات همه ایستگاه&shy;های مورد بررسی با محدودیت متوسط مواجه بود. از نظر کلر نیز فقط ایستگاه بامدژ با محدودیت مواجه بود. Manuscript profile
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        164 - بررسی آبشکن بر الگوی جریان و تثبیت ساحل در رودخانه کارون با استفاده از نرم ‌افزار CCHE2D
        بابک نیک خوی امین بردبار
        از جمله روش‌های متداول کنترل فرسایش کناری رودخانه‌ها، استفاده از آبشکن‌های نفوذناپذیر می‌باشد که در صورت طراحی و اجرای صحیح، علاوه بر کنترل فرسایش کناری، منجر به بازیابی و احیای اراضی با ارزش حاشیه رودخانه‌ها می‌شود. آبشکن‌ها علاوه بر کنترل فرسایش کناری، منجر به بازیابی More
        از جمله روش‌های متداول کنترل فرسایش کناری رودخانه‌ها، استفاده از آبشکن‌های نفوذناپذیر می‌باشد که در صورت طراحی و اجرای صحیح، علاوه بر کنترل فرسایش کناری، منجر به بازیابی و احیای اراضی با ارزش حاشیه رودخانه‌ها می‌شود. آبشکن‌ها علاوه بر کنترل فرسایش کناری، منجر به بازیابی و احیای اراضی با ارزش حاشیه رودخانه می‌گردند &nbsp;و در صورت عدم اجرای صحیح و طراحی غلط ممکن است باعث تشدید فرسایش و نابودی خاک‌های زراعی شوند. شاید بتوان گفت مهم‌ترین قسمت طراحی آبشکن‌ها، جانمایی آنها می‌باشد. برای تعیین طول آبشکن‌ها و همچنین فاصله‌ی آنها تئوری خاصی وجود ندارد. در این تحقیق به شبیه‌سازی الگوی جریان حول آبشکن‌های ساده در رودخانه کارون حد فاصل اهواز تا خرمشهر در محدوده 5 کیلومتری جنوب اهواز پرداخته شد. نصب آبشکن در قوس بیرونی به علت پایین آوردن سرعت، باعث جلوگیری از فرسایش و در نتیجه تثبیت ساحل می‌شود. با افزایش دبی از 100 تا 2000 مترمکعب بر ثانیه سرعت جریان از17/0 متر بر ثانیه به 1/2 متر بر ثانیه رسید و با نصب آبشکن سرعت جریان از 11/0 متر بر ثانیه به 57/0 متر بر ثانیه رسید. همچنین تنش برشی از 08/0 نیوتن بر متر مربع به 36/9 نیوتن بر متر مربع رسیده و با نصب آبشکن تنش برشی از 03/0 نیوتن بر متر مربع به 72/0 نیوتن بر متر مربع رسید. نتایج کاهش سرعت جریان و تنش برشی با نصب آبشکن بیانگر اندازه محدوده تاثیر آبشکن بر جلوگیری از فرسایش ساحل قوس بیرونی می‌باشد. Manuscript profile
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        165 - کارایی مدل HEC-RAS و GISدر پهنه ‎بندی سیلاب رودخانه دز (محدوده مطالعاتی : بازه سد تنظیمی تا روستاهای زاویه دزفول)
        حامد پورصمصام الهام اکبری کاظم حمادی
        هدف از این مقاله به &lrm;کارگیری سامانه&shy; ی اطلاعات جغرافیایی درجهت شناسایی پهنه&shy; های سیل&shy; خیز و مخاطره&shy; آمیز رودخانه دز واقع در شهرستان دزفول از حدفاصل سد تنظیمی تا روستاهای زاویه و هدف اصلی، شناسایی سکونت &lrm;گاه &shy;ها و مناطق در معرض خطر وقوع سیلاب More
        هدف از این مقاله به &lrm;کارگیری سامانه&shy; ی اطلاعات جغرافیایی درجهت شناسایی پهنه&shy; های سیل&shy; خیز و مخاطره&shy; آمیز رودخانه دز واقع در شهرستان دزفول از حدفاصل سد تنظیمی تا روستاهای زاویه و هدف اصلی، شناسایی سکونت &lrm;گاه &shy;ها و مناطق در معرض خطر وقوع سیلاب می&shy; باشد. بدین ترتیب حریم بستر رودخانه دز و پهنه&shy; بندی سیل در دوره&shy; بازگشت 25 ساله با استفاده از نرم &lrm;افزارهای &nbsp;HEC-RAS،ARCGIS &nbsp;و برنامه جانبی HEC-GeoRAS تعیین شد. نتایج نشان داد که به ازای دوره بازگشت 25 ساله، 1430 کیلومترمربع از اراضی، زیرپوشش سیل قرار می گیرد&nbsp;که این مقدار خارج از حریم رودخانه است و با احتساب مساحت حریم رودخانه، 4318 کیلومترمربع در معرض سیلاب می &lrm;باشند. در برخی نقاط، اراضی مسکونی، زراعی، تفریحی و پارک&shy; ها در حریم رودخانه قرار دارند. باتوجه به وجود مناطق مسکونی و کاربری&lrm; های تفرج&lrm;گاهی در حاشیه رودخانه لازم است در قسمت هایی که آسیب&shy; پذیری بیش&lrm;تری پیش&shy; بینی می&shy; شود برای عملیات کنترل سیلاب و سیستم&shy; های هشداردهندۀ سیل اقدام گردد و به منظور رفع تصرف&shy; های غیرقانونی که در بستر و حریم رودخانه دز صورت گرفته است، اقدام لازم به عمل آید. با توجه به اینکه منطقه مورد مطالعه در قسمت متراکم شهری قرار گرفته است؛ با کنترل و مهار سیل در حوضه &lrm;های آبخیز بالادست با انجام عملیات آبخیزداری، مهندسی &lrm;سازی ساخت و سازهای شهری، عدم توسعه آن در داخل حریم مسیر آبراهه&shy; ها و شناسایی مناطق پرخطر و ارایه راهکارهای سازه &shy;ای و غیرسازه &shy;ای در حد امکان از خطر بروز سیل در این منطقه کاسته شود. Manuscript profile
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        166 - پیش بینی تأثیر پوشش گیاهی بر ضریب زبری هیدرولیکی کرانه و بستر رودخانه خشک شیراز
        محمدرضا نیک منش
        مدیریت منابع آب و خاک در رودخانه‌ها، بدلیل ارتباط مستقیم با سیستم‌های مختلف همچون زمین ، جامعه و مردم از اهمیت بالایی برخوردار است. طرحهای احیای پوشش گیاهی و بیومهندسی در رودخانه‌ها، همواره به عنوان یکی از روشهای مدیریتی منابع آب و خاک مد نظر بوده، اما اینگونه طرح‌ها، ع More
        مدیریت منابع آب و خاک در رودخانه‌ها، بدلیل ارتباط مستقیم با سیستم‌های مختلف همچون زمین ، جامعه و مردم از اهمیت بالایی برخوردار است. طرحهای احیای پوشش گیاهی و بیومهندسی در رودخانه‌ها، همواره به عنوان یکی از روشهای مدیریتی منابع آب و خاک مد نظر بوده، اما اینگونه طرح‌ها، علیرغم مزایای فراوانی که دارد، در صورت طراحی و روش‌های اجرایی نامناسب، می تواند مشخصات هیدرولیکی رودخانه را تغییر دهد. استفاده از پوشش گیاهی، کاهش میانگین سرعت جریان، کاهش عرض رودخانه، افزایش رسوب گذاری در بستر رودخانه و در نتیجه کاهش دبی جریان عبوری رودخانه را به همراه دارد و در مواردی ممکن است، باعث بالا آمدن سطح آب و افزایش عمق جریان گردد. در این مقاله ضمن معرفی جنبه‌های مختلف مدیریتی منابع آب و خاک در رودخانه‌ها و به طور خاص، رودخانه خشک، به عنوان یک عنصر تأثیرگذار مهم در شهر شیراز، طرحهای احیای پوشش گیاهی و بیومهندسی اجرا شده در این رودخانه و تأثیرات آنها بر هیدرولیک رودخانه، مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است. همچنین فواید این طرحها، در بازه‌هایی از رودخانه خشک که با روش‌های مناسب اجرا شده و باعث حفظ منابع آب و خاک گردیده اند و همچنین مضرات آنها، در بازه‌هایی که&nbsp; با روشی نامناسب انجام شده و باعث افزایش ضریب زبری و کاهش دبی جریان عبوری می گردند، مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار می گیرد. بر اساس نتایج به دست آمده، اگرچه میزان فرسایش کناره‌های رودخانه&nbsp; در مقاطع فاقد پوشش گیاهی به مراتب بیشتر از مقاطع دارای پوشش گیاهی، می‌باشد، اما به دلیل افزایش ضریب زبری و کاهش سطح مقطع، ناشی از وجود پوشش گیاهی، در برخی مقاطع، دبی عبوری به مقدار قابل توجهی کاهش می یابد. مقاطعی نظیر بالادست و پائین دست پل بلوار چمران،&nbsp; بالادست پل غدیر و&nbsp; پائین دست پل فضیلت، نمونه‌هایی از این مقاطع می باشند که نتایج آنالیز انجام شده با نرم افزار HEC-RAS در این مقاطع، برای دبی عبوری 100 تا 250 مترمکعب بر ثانیه، کاهش دبی عبوری به مقدار 10 تا 5/28 درصد را نتیجه می دهد. Manuscript profile
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        167 - تعیین کیفیت آب در طول مسیر رودخانه با استفاده از شبکه‌های عصبی مصنوعی تکاملی (مطالعه موردی رودخانه کارون بازه شهیدعباسپور- عرب اسد)
        محمد نیکو مهدی نیکو تیمور بابائی نژاد آزاده امیری قدرت الله رستم پور
        رودخانه‌ها به عنوان اصلی ترین منبع تأمین کننده نیاز شرب، کشاورزی و صنعت از اهمیت خاصی برخوردار هستند. از طرفی کیفیت آب از لحاظ شرب نیز در بین پارامترهای کیفی مهم ترین متغیر می‌باشد. لذا بررسی و پیش بینی تغییرات پارامترهای کیفی در طول یک رودخانه، یکی از اهداف مدیران و بر More
        رودخانه‌ها به عنوان اصلی ترین منبع تأمین کننده نیاز شرب، کشاورزی و صنعت از اهمیت خاصی برخوردار هستند. از طرفی کیفیت آب از لحاظ شرب نیز در بین پارامترهای کیفی مهم ترین متغیر می‌باشد. لذا بررسی و پیش بینی تغییرات پارامترهای کیفی در طول یک رودخانه، یکی از اهداف مدیران و برنامه ریزان منابع آب، می‌باشد. در این راستا تعداد زیادی مدل‌های کیفیت آب، در زمینه مدیریت بهتر برای حفظ کیفیت آب، گسترش یافته است. در این میان مدل‌های شبکه عصبی مصنوعی که با الهام از ساختار مغز بشر عمل می‌نمایند، به عنوان گزینه‌ای برتر، مورد تحقیق و بررسی قرار می‌گیرد. این تحقیق بر روی رودخانه کارون، بزرگترین رودخانه کشور و با استفاده از پارامترهای اندازه گیری شده در ایستگاه‌های موجود در طول رودخانه (بازه شهیدعباسپور- عرب اسد) انجام شده است. بدین منظور، دبی، ماه، طول رودخانه و پارامترهدایت الکتریکی اندازه گیری شده در ایستگاه‌های شهیدعباسپور، پل شالو، گتوندو عرب اسد به عنوان ورودی‌های مدل، در نظر گرفته شد. با استفاده از مدل شبکه عصبی، نسبت جذب سدیم (SAR) و کل املاح محلول (TDS) اندازه گیری شده در همان ایستگاه‌ها نیز پیش بینی می‌گردد. از جمله مواردی که در این تحقیق به عنوان یک روش جدید استفاده شده است،تعیین شاخص‌های کیفی آب، در چند ایستگاه به صورت هم زمان می‌باشد. به منظور بهینه کردن هرکدام ازمدل‌های شبکه عصبی مصنوعی، از الگوریتم ژنتیک استفاده گردید. نتایج نشان می‌دهد که مدلشبکه عصبی مصنوعی انتخاب شده،&nbsp; نسبت به مدل‌های آماری رگرسیون غیرخطی از توانایی، انعطاف پذیری و دقت بیشتری در پیش بینی کیفیت آب در رودخانه برخوردار می‌باشد. Manuscript profile
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        168 - مدل سازی کیفی رودخانه کرخه در بالادست و پایین‌دست شهرستان شوش با بکارگیری نرم‌افزار Qual2k
        علی عبدالخانی علیرضا نیکبخت شهبازی نرگس ظهرابی
        رودخانه کرخه به عللی همچون احداث سد در بالادست، برداشت آب به منظور تأمین نیازهای آبی، قرار گرفتن صنایع مختلف در کنار این رود و تخلیه انواع فاضلاب‌ ها به آن، امروزه شاهد شرایط نامطلوبی است. در این مطالعه بررسی کیفی رودخانه کرخه در بالادست و پایین دست شهرستان شوش انجام گر More
        رودخانه کرخه به عللی همچون احداث سد در بالادست، برداشت آب به منظور تأمین نیازهای آبی، قرار گرفتن صنایع مختلف در کنار این رود و تخلیه انواع فاضلاب‌ ها به آن، امروزه شاهد شرایط نامطلوبی است. در این مطالعه بررسی کیفی رودخانه کرخه در بالادست و پایین دست شهرستان شوش انجام گرفت. بدین منظور با در نظر گرفتن پارامترهای کیفی آب و استانداردهای کیفی آب، با استفاده از مدل QUAL-2K توان خود پالایی این رودخانه ارزیابی شد. تعداد پنج ایستگاه ها نمونه برداری به فاصله تقریباً یکسان و متناسب با منابع ورودی بر روی رودخانه کرخه تعریف و عملیات نمونه برداری از آنها انجام شد. نه پارامتر BOD، COD، DO، PH، کدورت، نیترات، فسفات، کل کلیفرم ها، کلیفرم های مدفوعی به عنوان پارامترهای مورد نیاز جهت برآورد شاخص WQI انتخاب شد و اثرات تخلیه آلاینده‌های ورودی به رودخانه مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. نتایج تحقیق نشان از کاهش چشمگیر کیفیت آب در طول مسیر داشت. البته حذف آلاینده‌ ها به رودخانه به خوبی می تواند روند بهبود کیفیت آب در طول مسیر را بهبود بخشد. روند بهبود کیفیت آب رودخانه با توجه به خاصیت خود پالایی آن صعودی بوده و آب با نظام کیفی متوسط به نظام کیفی خوب بر اساس میزان شاخص WQI&nbsp; می‌رسد. Manuscript profile
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        169 - شبیه‌سازی هیدرولیک سیلاب جهت تعیین حریم بستر و نقاط حساس رودخانه اترک
        وحید یزدانی محمد نظرجانی حسین علی میرزایی
        برای استفاده بهتر از رودخانه ها باید اقداماتی در زمینه مطالعات، ساخت سازه ‌ها و بهره برداری بهینه به منظور مهار، کاهش خطرات و به حداقل رساندن تبعات منفی و هم چنین به ‌سازی وضعیت آن در جهت تامین نیازهای بشری و حفظ محیط زیست صورت گیرد. مسیر مورد بررسی در استان خراسان رضوی More
        برای استفاده بهتر از رودخانه ها باید اقداماتی در زمینه مطالعات، ساخت سازه ‌ها و بهره برداری بهینه به منظور مهار، کاهش خطرات و به حداقل رساندن تبعات منفی و هم چنین به ‌سازی وضعیت آن در جهت تامین نیازهای بشری و حفظ محیط زیست صورت گیرد. مسیر مورد بررسی در استان خراسان رضوی و شهرستان قوچان و رودخانه اترک می ‌باشد. پارامترهای فیزیوگرافی با استفاده از لایه های رقومی با دقت 25000: 1 در نرم افزارهای ArcGIS و ArcView مورد تجزیه و تحلیل و برآورد قرار گرفت. برای برآورد میزان سیلاب در دوره بازگشت&lrm; های مختلف از روش‌ های تحلیل منطقه ‌ای، استدلالی، دیکن، کریگر و فولر استفاده شد. با مقایسه سیلاب برآورد شده به روش‌ های مختلف، بازدید های میدانی انجام شده از منطقه، بافت خاک، پوشش گیاهی، شیب حوضه، طول آبراهه اصلی، پارامترهای فیزیکی و اقلیمی محدوده‌ های مورد مطالعه، نهایتاً در زیرحوضه‌ های اترک (A1 تا A6) نتایج روش دیکن، در نظر گرفته شد. رژیم&lrm; های مختلف هیدرولیکی رودخانه در مورد مدل HEC-RAS شبیه&lrm; سازی قرار گرفته و در نهایت نتایج از رژیم جریان مناسب برای مسیر رودخانه انتخاب شد. آنگاه با وارد کردن نتایج حاصل از مدل HEC-RAS به محیط GIS با توجه به توپوگرافی رودخانه و پروفیل سطح آب بدست آمد. برای تعیین شدت و میزان فرسایش کناری با اندازه گیری دو فاکتور ارتفاع تراس&rlm; ها (H) و میزان فعالیت فرسایش (T) کلاسه های زیر تفکیک شده و رودخانه مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. برای این منظور ارتفاع تراس &rlm;ها با استفاده از نرم افزار HEC-RAS محاسبه و در نرم افزار Arcview در سه کلاس (H1 تا H3) پهنه بندی شد و کلاس ‌های T&nbsp; با پیمایش های صحرایی نیز در چهار کلاس (T1 تا T4) تعیین شدند. نتایج مشخص نمود متوسط عمق تراس&rlm; های تشکیل شده در ساحل چپ و راست رودخانه بین 5-2 متر و آثار فرسایشی در بیش از 50 درصد طول مسیر قابل رویت است. نتایج محاسبات ابعاد رودخانه در حالت تعادل نهایی و شرایط آستانه حرکت در تمام مقاطع پایدار رودخانه مورد مطالعه نشان داد که در 71 درصد از مقاطع عرضی وضعیت ناپایدار و در 29 درصد مابقی وضعیت پایدار می باشد. نتایج مربوط به آنالیز حساسیت نشان داد که بالاترین حساسیت به تغییرات ضریب زبری مربوط به پارامترهای مساحت جریان و عرض سطح فوقانی می باشد. Manuscript profile
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        170 - برآورد بار رسوب معلق رودخانه ها با استفاده از روش های هیدرولوژیکی مختلف (مطالعه موردی: رودخانه سیاهرود مازندران)
        رضا صالحی طالشی عسکری تشکری نجم الدین واصلی
        در یک حوزه آبخیز، رسوب در اثر فرسایش و تحت تاثیر عواملی مانند تخریب مراتع، تغییر کاربری، کشاورزی غیر اصولی و سایر موارد بوجود می&shy;آید که مشکلاتی نظیر رسوب&shy;گذاری در مخازن و کاهش حجم مفید آن ها، کاهش کیفیت آب از لحاظ مصارف کشاورزی، کاهش بازدهی سازه&shy;های هیدرولیک More
        در یک حوزه آبخیز، رسوب در اثر فرسایش و تحت تاثیر عواملی مانند تخریب مراتع، تغییر کاربری، کشاورزی غیر اصولی و سایر موارد بوجود می&shy;آید که مشکلاتی نظیر رسوب&shy;گذاری در مخازن و کاهش حجم مفید آن ها، کاهش کیفیت آب از لحاظ مصارف کشاورزی، کاهش بازدهی سازه&shy;های هیدرولیکی و نیز برخی مشکلات زیست محیطی را سبب می شود. تغییرات بار رسوبی در یک رودخانه پارامتر مهمی در مدیریت پروژه&shy;های آبی و شاخصی جهت نشان دادن وضعیت فرسایش خاک و شرایط اکولوژیکی حوزه می‌باشد. تخمین بار رسوبی رودخانه در محدوده وسیعی از مسائل، نظیر طراحی مخازن سدها، انتقال رسوب رودخانه&shy;ها، تعیین تاثیرات مدیریت آبخیزها و حفاظت محیط زیست کاربرد دارد. این تحقیق در مورد رودخانه سیاهرود استان مازندران انجام شده است که منبع اصلی تامین کننده آب بخش وسیعی از مزارع کشاورزی منطقه محسوب می شود. در این پژوهش با بررسی کارآیی منحنی‌های سنجه رسوب و انتخاب مناسب‌ترین منحنی، سعی شده است تخمین نسبتأ قابل اطمینانی از میزان بار معلق رسوبی رودخانه ارائه گردد. بدین منظور از آمار دبی روزانه جریان و آمار متناظر دبی جریان- دبی رسوب معلق که به صورت همزمان در برخی از روزهای سال اندازه‌گیری شده اند، طی یک دوره آماری 13 ساله ( از سال آبی 78-1377 تا سال آبی 90-1389 ) از تنها ایستگاه هیدرومتری واقع در مسیر اصلی رودخانه استفاده شد. انتخاب مناسب‌ترین منحنی با استفاده از شاخص‌های آماری میانگین مربعات خطا و ضریب تبیین انجام گردیده و با ترسیم منحنی های سنجه یک خطی، چند خطی و حد وسط دسته ها برای رودخانه‌ی مورد مطالعه، منحنی سنجه حد وسط دسته‌ها با ضریب تبیین 93/0 بعنوان منحنی سنجه رسوب مناسب انتخاب گردید و سپس با استفاده از روش‌های مختلف گذر حجمی، میزان بار معلق رودخانه برآورد شد. این روش‌ها شامل تلفیق منحنی سنجه حد وسط دسته‌ها با: دبی متوسط روزانه، دبی متوسط ماهانه، منحنی تداوم جریان و روش تلفیق دبی متوسط ماهانه و روزانه می‌باشد. در نهایت نتایج حاصل از این 4 روش باهم مقایسه گردید و روش منحنی سنجه حد وسط دسته ها و تلفیق آن با دبی متوسط روزانه، بعنوان مدل بهینه در برآورد بار رسوب معلق رودخانه سیاهرود مازندران انتخاب شد. ضمنا میزان بار رسوب معلق در محل ایستگاه هیدرومتری به روش انتخابی، 55855 تن در سال برآورد شد. Manuscript profile
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        171 - پیش بینی دبی روزانه جریان باراندوزچای با استفاده از تئوری آشوب
        احمد پور مقدم ادریس معروفی نیا ابوالفضل شمسایی
        بررسی رفتار جریان رودخانه یکی از موارد اساسی در طراحی، بهره برداری و مطالعات مربوط به مهندسی آب است. از این رو بکارگیری روش های نوین همچون نظریه آشوب در هیدرولوژی و منابع آب به دلیل نوآوری و قابلیت های آن، اخیراً توجه زیادی را به خود جلب کرده است. یکی از کاربردهای نظریه More
        بررسی رفتار جریان رودخانه یکی از موارد اساسی در طراحی، بهره برداری و مطالعات مربوط به مهندسی آب است. از این رو بکارگیری روش های نوین همچون نظریه آشوب در هیدرولوژی و منابع آب به دلیل نوآوری و قابلیت های آن، اخیراً توجه زیادی را به خود جلب کرده است. یکی از کاربردهای نظریه آشوب، تعیین خصوصیات کمی و آنالیز سری های زمانی هیدرولوژیکی همچون جریان رودخانه است. به منظور بازسازی فضای حالت، زمان تاخیر از روش تابع خود همبستگی و بعد محاط از الگوریتم نزدیکترین همسایگی کاذب محاسبه گردید. روش بعد همبستگی نیز برای بررسی آشوب‌پذیری جریان روزانه بکار گرفته شد، که بعد همبستگی حاصله حاکی از وجود رفتار آشوبناک سری زمانی تحت بررسی میباشد. زمان تأخیر از روش میانگین اطلاعات متقابل برای باراندوزچای برابر 66 به دست آمد. با استفاده از روش نزدیک ترین همسایگی کاذب مناسب ترین بعد محاط برابر 28 تعیین شد. بعد همبستگی برای سری زمانی دبی جریان برابر 1/3 بوده یعنی تعداد متغیرهای لازم برای تشریح سیستم برابر 3 است. مقدار کم بعد همبستگی (d) به دست آمده در مقیاس زمانی روزانه نشان دهنده وجود آشوب در سری زمانی دبی جریان رودخانه باراندوزچای می باشد. Manuscript profile
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        172 - پیش‌بینی ضریب پخش آلودگی در رودخانه ها با استفاده از مدل ترکیبی شبکه عصبی و الگوریتم ژنتیک
        عباس پارسایی امیر حمزه حقی آبی امیر مرادی نژاد
        فرایند پخشیدگی آلودگی در رودخانه‌ها بسیار پیچیده است. مدیریت صحیح کیفیت آب رودخانه نیازمند داشتن اطلاع دقیقی از ضریب پخشیدگی آلودگی است. توسعه مدل‌های تجاری جهت شبیه سازی عددی انتقال آلودگی در مجاری روباز مستلزم محاسبه ضریب پخشیدگی می‌باشد. هرچقدر دقت پیش بینی و محاسبه More
        فرایند پخشیدگی آلودگی در رودخانه‌ها بسیار پیچیده است. مدیریت صحیح کیفیت آب رودخانه نیازمند داشتن اطلاع دقیقی از ضریب پخشیدگی آلودگی است. توسعه مدل‌های تجاری جهت شبیه سازی عددی انتقال آلودگی در مجاری روباز مستلزم محاسبه ضریب پخشیدگی می‌باشد. هرچقدر دقت پیش بینی و محاسبه این پارامتر بیشتر باشد دقت و صحت مدل‌های مدل سازی نیز بیشتر می‌شود و درنهایت برنامه ریزی و تصمیم گیری های مدیریتی متناسب، با دقت و اطمینان بیشتری انجام خواهد شد. روش‌های فراوانی برای محاسبه ضریب پخشیدگی وجود دارد ازجمله روش‌های تجربی، تحلیلی و ریاضی. روش‌های تجربی به علت خطای زیاد، مورد توجه قرار نگرفته‌اند. روش‌های تحلیلی و ریاضی با منظور کردن فرضیات ساده سازی در مراحل مدل سازی، نیز علی رقم پیچیدگی محاسبات، نتایج قابل قبولی را ارائه نداده اند. بنابراین ارزیابی روابط تجربی به توسعه مدل شبکه عصبی چند لایه پرداخته شده است. معادلات تجربی در بهترین حالت دارای دقتی برابر با ( ) که مربوط به فرمول ارائه شده توسط کاشفی پور و توکلی زاده است. برای تخمین دقیق تر ضریب پخشیدگی مدل شبکه عصبی چند لایه توسعه داده شده است. دقت مدل شبکه عصبی در مراحل آموزش و آزمایش به ترتیب برابر با &nbsp;بوده است. درادامه برای افزایش دقت و کارایی مدل شبکه عصبی، بهینه سازی ضرایب وزنی مورد نیاز شبکه عصبی با استفاده از الگوریتم ژنتیک انجام شده است که عملکرد آن در مراحل آموزش و آزمایش به ترتیب برابر با &nbsp;می باشد. نتیجه نهایی نشان می دهد که می توان دقت مدل شبکه عصبی توسعه داده شده را بدون افزایش تعداد سلول و یا تعداد لایه ها، تا حدود 19 درصد افزایش داد. Manuscript profile
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        173 - تاثیر زاویه و موقعیت آبگیر در میزان دبی رسوب ورودی انحرافی در قوس رودخانه به کمک مدل CCHE2D
        رضوان زنگنه امیرعباس کمانبدست علیرضا مسجدی
        آبگیرها از جمله سازه‌هایی هستند که برای برداشت آب از رودخانه ها طراحی و اجراء می شوند رودخانه ها همراه آب مقداری رسوب با خود حمل می کنند که این رسوب حاصل فرسایش بستر رودخانه و فرسایشی است که در اثر وقوع بارندگی و یا جاری شدن روانآب سطحی بر روی حوزه آبریز بوجود می آید. چ More
        آبگیرها از جمله سازه‌هایی هستند که برای برداشت آب از رودخانه ها طراحی و اجراء می شوند رودخانه ها همراه آب مقداری رسوب با خود حمل می کنند که این رسوب حاصل فرسایش بستر رودخانه و فرسایشی است که در اثر وقوع بارندگی و یا جاری شدن روانآب سطحی بر روی حوزه آبریز بوجود می آید. چنانچه عمل آبگیری از رودخانه صورت گیرد، ورود رسوبات به آبگیر، مشکلاتی را به جهت رسوب گذاری به همراه خواهد داشت. در این تحقیق از مدل ریاضی CCHE2D به دلیل هزینه کمتر نسبت به روشهای موجود، تسریع در روند مطالعات و همچنین استفاده از نتایج برای سایر موارد مشابه استفاده شد. به منظور بررسی شرایط هیدرولیکی جریان و رسوب در آبگیر با زاویه های مختلف 30 ،45 ، 60 ، 75 و 90 درجه و موقعیت 25، 40، 55 و70 با مدل ریاضی CCHE2D&nbsp; به شبیه سازی دبی و رسوب ورودی به این آبگیر ها پرداخته شده است. نتایج حاصل از آزمایشات نشان می دهد که آبگیر در موقعیت 70 و زاویه 90 درجه با 4/8 درصد، کمترین رسوب انحرافی به آبگیر را دارد. این گزینه می&lrm; تواند مشکل رسوب گذاری و کمبود آب در بعضی از فصول سال را مرتفع سازد. Manuscript profile
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        174 - شبیه سازی عددی انتشار آلودگی در رودخانه‌ها بوسیله توسعه همزمان روش عددی حجم محدود و مدل شبکه عصبی تطبیقی
        عباس پارسائی محمد مهدی احمدی کوروش قادری
        مطالعه بر روی کیفیت آب‌های سطحی از اهمیت ویژه‌ای برخوردار است. این موضوع با توجه به اینکه یکی از مهم‌ترین منابع تأمین آب برای مصارف شرب، کشاورزی و صنایع، رودخانه‌ها هستند نیاز به توجه بیشتری دارد. متأسفانه رودخانه‌ها گاهی به عنوان مکانی برای تخلیه فاضلاب در نظر گرفته می More
        مطالعه بر روی کیفیت آب‌های سطحی از اهمیت ویژه‌ای برخوردار است. این موضوع با توجه به اینکه یکی از مهم‌ترین منابع تأمین آب برای مصارف شرب، کشاورزی و صنایع، رودخانه‌ها هستند نیاز به توجه بیشتری دارد. متأسفانه رودخانه‌ها گاهی به عنوان مکانی برای تخلیه فاضلاب در نظر گرفته می شوند. &nbsp;به همین دلیل آلودگی رودخانه‌ها به یکی از مهم‌ترین مسائل و مشکلات در محیط زیست تبدیل شده است. معادله حاکم بر انتشار آلودگی در رودخانه ها، معادله انتقال و پخش است که از نوع معادلات دیفرانسیل جزئی می‌باشد. این معادله از پرکاربرد ترین معادلات در مهندسی سیالات مخصوصا مهندسی آب می‌باشد و به صورت کلی معادله حرکت نامیده می‌شود. در توسعه مدل های&nbsp; کامپیوتری &nbsp;جهت شبیه سازی انتشار آلودگی در آبراهه ها علاوه بر حل عددی معادله حرکت، نیاز به پیش بینی ضریب پخشیدگی نیز می‌باشد. برای محاسبه ضریب پخش فرمول های تجربی فراوانی ارائه شده است که ارزیابی این روابط نشان می دهد اکثر این معادلات دارای دقت مطلوب نمی باشد. به همین جهت استفاده از روش های هوش مصنوعی اجتناب ناپذیر است. در این مقاله برای گسسته سازی معادله حرکت از روش حجم محدود استفاده و برای تخمین ضریب پخشیدگی شبکه عصبی &nbsp;تطبیقی (ANFIS) توسعه داده شده است. نتایج مدل ANFIS توسعه داده شده نشان می دهد که مدل تهیه شده در مراحل مختلف توسعه مانند آموزش و آزمایش&nbsp; برای تخمین ضریب پخشیدگی از توانایی بسیار مناسبی برخوردار می باشد( &nbsp;&nbsp;و &nbsp;) بعد از توسعه مدل هوش مصنوعی به توسعه کلی مدل کامپیوتری پرداخته شده است دقت مدل کامپیوتری با حل تحلیلی معادله حرکت و همچنین داده های مشاهداتی رودخانه سورن در انگلستان مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. مقایسه نتایج مدل ارائه شده با دادهای اندازه گیری شده&nbsp; رودخانه سورن در ایستگاه های مورد مطالعه به ترتیب دارای دقتی( &nbsp;و &nbsp;و &nbsp;&nbsp;) می باشد. نتایج&nbsp; کلی نشان می دهد که مدل کامپیوتری توسعه داده شده از توانایی بسیار مناسبی جهت شبیه سازی انتشار نیز آلودگی در رودخانه ها برخوردار می‌باشد. Manuscript profile
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        175 - ارزیابی تغییر کیفیت برخی از پارامترهای آب رودخانه کارون در یک بازه‌ی زمانی چهار ساله
        علی عسکر کلاه کج ابراهیم پناهپور علی غلامی
        منابع آب‌های سطحی به ‌ویژه رودخانه ‌ها به علت موارد استفاده بسیاری که دارند بیشتر از دیگر منابع در معرض خطر می ‌باشند. بنابراین هدف از انجام این مطالعه بررسی تغییر برخی از پارامترهای کیفی آب رودخانه کارون در بازه‌ی مکانی گتوند تا اهواز طی سال‌های 1392 _ 1389 بود. داده‌ه More
        منابع آب‌های سطحی به ‌ویژه رودخانه ‌ها به علت موارد استفاده بسیاری که دارند بیشتر از دیگر منابع در معرض خطر می ‌باشند. بنابراین هدف از انجام این مطالعه بررسی تغییر برخی از پارامترهای کیفی آب رودخانه کارون در بازه‌ی مکانی گتوند تا اهواز طی سال‌های 1392 _ 1389 بود. داده‌های بررسی شده در این تحقیق، از اندازه‌گیری میانگین سالانه پارامترهای بیوشیمیایی در نه ایستگاه نمونه ‌برداری اداره کل امور آب استان خوزستان تهیه شد. به منظور بررسی روند تغییرات کیفی آب رودخانه از آزمون تعقیبی LSD استفاده شد. نتایج بررسی‌ ها نشان داد که میانگین اکسیژن‌خواهی شیمیایی(COD) در بین ایستگاه‌ ها تفاوت معنا داری نداشته ولی میانگین اکسیژن&nbsp; محلول (DO) و اکسیژن‌خواهی بیوشیمیایی (BOD5) دارای تفاوت معنی‌داری در بین ایستگاه ‌ها بود. طوری‌که بیش‌ترین میانگین (DO) در ایستگاه شماره 1 (گتوند) به میزان 17/9 میلی‌گرم در لیتر و بیش‌ترین میانگین (BOD5) در ایستگاه شماره 9 (گرگر_ بندقیر) به میزان 39/4 میلی‌گرم در لیتر مشاهده گردید. هم‌چنین میانگین مقدار اکسیژن محلول (DO) تفاوت معناداری نشان نداده اما مقدار میانگین (BOD5) روند نزولی داشته در حالی‌که مقدار میانگین (COD) از 8/11 میلی‌گرم در لیتر در سال 1389 به 2/20 میلی‌گرم در لیتر در سال 1392 افزایش یافته است که نشان از افزایش آلاینده‌های شیمیایی آب رودخانه می ‌باشد‌. بررسی خواص میکروبیولوژیکی (کلیفرم کل و مدفوعی) در طول سال‌های مطالعاتی، اختلاف معنی‌داری نشان نداد ولی در بین ایستگاه ‌های مورد مطالعه، بیش‌ترین آلودگی را ایستگاه‌ های شماره 5 (گرگر_شوشتر) و شماره 15 (اهواز_پل پنجم) با سایر ایستگاه‌ها داشت که حاکی از تراکم جمعیتی در این مناطق بوده طوری‌که فاضلاب‌های شهری بدون هیچ‌گونه تصفیه‌ای وارد رودخانه می‌شوند. با توجه به اینکه فاضلاب‌های صنعتی و پساب‌های کشاورزی فاکتورهای موثر بر پارامترهای کیفی هستند، پیشنهاد می ‌شود که این فاضلاب‌ ها پس از تصفیه مناسب اجازه تخلیه به این رودخانه را داشته باشند. Manuscript profile
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        176 - Investigating Structural Relationships of Sustainable Supply Chain Management Drivers in Persian Gulf Petrochemical Industries
        alireza anvari
        Today, ensuring the sustainable development of any organization depends on the Optimal conservation and utilization of limited resources and irreplaceable for sustainable Social and Economic Development in that country. For this reason, sustainable supply chain manageme More
        Today, ensuring the sustainable development of any organization depends on the Optimal conservation and utilization of limited resources and irreplaceable for sustainable Social and Economic Development in that country. For this reason, sustainable supply chain management has become an interesting topic for researchers and industry managers. The purpose of this study is to determine the relationships and levels of sustainable supply chain management incentives. The statistical population of the study is Persian Gulf petrochemical industry. The research method was descriptive-analytical. From the research literature, 12 instances of sustainable supply chain management incentives were identified. Then, by collecting data and determining the relationship between drivers, using interpretive structural modeling and MicMac are analyzed. The results of this study showed that third level metrics including information technology empowerment, institutional pressures, social values and ethics, and commitment and strategy of the company were the influencing factors on other criteria. Also green inventory variables, strategic supplier partnerships, environmental conservation, continuous improvement, internal pressures, economic stability and green product design are affected by other variables and in themselves have no effect on other factors. Logistic optimization criterion is also influenced by level 3 variables and affects level 1 variables. in the MicMac analysis, the results also indicate that the variables of all three levels are considered to be link interface variables. And that means they are highly influential, and every small change to these variables causes a major change in the system. Manuscript profile
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        177 - Prediction of driving behavior based on emotion seeking and social control in public transport drivers suburban
        Razieh Mayzari Ali paria Jangi Alireza Sangani
        Humans always choose behaviors and can have very different results. The aim of this study was to prediction of driving behavior based on emotion seeking and social control in public transport drivers suburban Sari.the method was descriptive correlational.The study popul More
        Humans always choose behaviors and can have very different results. The aim of this study was to prediction of driving behavior based on emotion seeking and social control in public transport drivers suburban Sari.the method was descriptive correlational.The study population consisted of all vehicle drivers suburban Sari in 2018, which included 460 people. Using sampling targeted and also number of members sample group of 210 sample. The method of collecting data by the four instruments, using the tool, Emotion Seeking Scale Arendt (1994), Manchester Driving Behavior Questionnaire (1990) and social control questionnaire Ahmadi, et al (2013) was conducted. Result showed a significant correlation between the subscales variable Emotion seeking and control social with driving behavior and between the subscales of Emotion seeking with driving behavior, there are a direct correlation significant at 0.01 level. Also particularly between the subscales of social control with driving behavior inverse correlation are significant at 0.01 level. Also, regression values indicate that the subscales of formal control (0.22), emotional intensity (0.24), unofficial control (0.29) and emotional novelty (0.31) at 0.01 level predictive power Driving behavior. According the results, it is suggested that the rules and regulations for obtaining a driver's license in accordance with emotional behavioral issues be reviewed and traffic laws should be considered based on the role of controlling Abnormal behaviors. Manuscript profile
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        178 - Adaptive policy making with emphasis on ecological city; A case study of Zayandeh Rood river
        anis yazdanpanah abdolmalaki Gholamreza Latifi Hanieh Al- saeidi
        The purpose of this research is to investigate urban planning policies in order to strengthen ecological networks and to use an integrated approach for planning, designing and managing the environment of Zayandeh Rood River. The research method is descriptive-analytical More
        The purpose of this research is to investigate urban planning policies in order to strengthen ecological networks and to use an integrated approach for planning, designing and managing the environment of Zayandeh Rood River. The research method is descriptive-analytical. Data collection was done in the form of documentary and library studies. And while explaining the role and position of rivers as a paradigm of natural features, direct observation methods and visual inspection methods were used in field studies as well as GIS maps of Isfahan city. And all the main policies and variables of river protection were identified. And at the end, all the policies adapted from global and national experiences, extraterrestrial plans, etc., according to the opinions of experts and city managers, were valued and prioritized using the Delphi technique. And the realizable and specific strategies of Zayandeh Rood River were presented at different national, regional and urban scales. The findings showed; The complication of partiality in the performance of executive bodies has added to the problems of Zayandeh Rood. The existence of some management inconsistencies, especially in the Zayandeh Rood catchment area, has made it impossible to create a long-term solution to create stability in it. Explaining and establishing a single management and functional system in this watershed can be one of the important goals of water resources control policies in the coming years for this watershed. Manuscript profile
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        179 - Identifying Leading Indicators in Determining Customer Lifetime Value In Sports Clubs
        Mahrokh Rajabiasli MOZHGAN khodamoradpor mozafar yektayar reshad hosseini
        10.30495/kmsj.2022.1975357.1062
        The current research was developed in order to identify the leading indicators of customer lifetime value in sports clubs. This research is practical in terms of purpose and mixed (sequential exploratory) in terms of nature and method. The research was conducted in two More
        The current research was developed in order to identify the leading indicators of customer lifetime value in sports clubs. This research is practical in terms of purpose and mixed (sequential exploratory) in terms of nature and method. The research was conducted in two parts, qualitative and quantitative. The sample of the qualitative section consisted of 18 sports experts and 384 sports managers of sports clubs in the quantitative section. The sample selection in the qualitative part was done in a targeted non-random method with a snowball approach and the data was collected with semi-structured interviews. In the quantitative part, the sample size was selected from the stratified random cluster sampling method and the data was collected from the questionnaire output from the qualitative part. Delphi technique statistical methods were used in the qualitative stage and structural equations were used in the quantitative stage. Statistical analyzes were performed with SPSS and Amos software. The results show that the drivers of customer lifetime value depend on nine factors (hardware, software, financial, strategic, social, motivational, behavioral, process and executive). In line with the results, it is suggested that managers improve their trust and confidence by taking into account the motivational, executive and behavioral factors of customer satisfaction and loyalty, and also predict the future situation of customers by considering strategic and financial factors. Manuscript profile
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        180 - Providing a Framework to Identify the Drivers Influencing the Future of Innovative Marketing in the Banking Industry with a Focus on Blockchain Technology
        Majid Ahmadi Alireza Rousta Mohammad Hassan Maleki Farzad Asayesh
        Objective: The purpose of the current research is to Providing a framework to identify the drivers influencing the future of innovative marketing in the banking industry with a focus on blockchain technology. Method: The current research is applied in terms of direction More
        Objective: The purpose of the current research is to Providing a framework to identify the drivers influencing the future of innovative marketing in the banking industry with a focus on blockchain technology. Method: The current research is applied in terms of direction and has a mixed methodology due to the use of qualitative and quantitative methods together. The theoretical population of the research was experts in banking marketing and digital financial technologies, and the sampling method was done in a judgmental method. The sample size in this study was equal to 15 people. For data analysis, meta-synthesis, Binominal test and developed Copras were used. The tool of data collection in this research was the questionnaires of expert assessment and priority assessment of Copras. Results: 47 drivers were extracted from the meta-synthesis and these drivers were classified into nine cultural, legal, technological, structural and process, fintech, environmental, customer, security and awareness and information drivers. After the theoretical and statistical screening, 12 drivers were considered for prioritization with the Copras. The remaining drivers were evaluated using the Copras technique and three criteria of importance intensity, degree of certainty and expertise of experts. The results showed that the drivers of marketing researchers' interest in digital financial technologies and blockchain and the development of decentralized banking have the highest priority in terms of influencing the future of innovative marketing in the banking industry with a focus on blockchain technology.Conclusion: Marketing research and financial technology, especially interdisciplinary studies, adjustment and compatibility of marketing methods and strategies in various fields with blockchain technology, investment in fintechs and regulatory improvement and reforming some laws and systems such as reforming the fee and wallet systems, were among the most important practical proposals of the research. Manuscript profile
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        181 - The effect of magnetic lineaments on the Ghezel Ozan River
        Vahid Hosseinitoudeshki Mohammad Hossein Noori Gheidari Naser Ebadati
        The Ghezel Ozan River, the longest river system in the country, has responded to tectonic deformation thoroughly. In this paper the role of lineaments in making of active deformations via detection and characterization of geomorphic anomalies in the Ghezel Ozan River an More
        The Ghezel Ozan River, the longest river system in the country, has responded to tectonic deformation thoroughly. In this paper the role of lineaments in making of active deformations via detection and characterization of geomorphic anomalies in the Ghezel Ozan River and correlation with magnetic lineaments is specified. In this study, the first fluvial anomalies have been identified on the satellite images and approved through DEM and field observations. Then these anomalies have been correlated with magnetic lineaments extracted from aeromagnetic maps and so the sub-surface active folds and faults have been recognized. Most ofthemagnetic lineaments in the Ghezel Ozan River basin have caused the geomorphic anomalies in the length of the river. The lineaments with trend of NW - SE have created various anomalies such as variations of channel pattern of the river, deflection of the river course and knick points in longitudinal profile of the river. The lineaments with trend of NE - SW have only straightened the course of the river. Manuscript profile
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        182 - Measurement of water quality potential of Jajroud river in Pardis city
        Alireza Niknam bejandi Farahnaz Karimzadeh Masoumeh Sohrabi Mullah Yousefi
        Jajroud River is located in Pardis city in the east of Tehran. The purpose of this study is to determine the amount of water pollution in this river For this purpose, 15 samples of water were collected in early July 1397. Water samples were then analyzed to determine th More
        Jajroud River is located in Pardis city in the east of Tehran. The purpose of this study is to determine the amount of water pollution in this river For this purpose, 15 samples of water were collected in early July 1397. Water samples were then analyzed to determine the concentrations of Fe, Cr, Cd, Zn, Pb, Cu, Co, Hg, As and Mn. The values ​​of cation and anion, TDS, pH, EC, COD, BOD, salinity, DO, NTU, gastrointestinal coliform and total coliform were measured in water samples. The reason for these measurements is to determine the quality of river water in terms of its physical and chemical variables. The average pH in surface water samples is 7.703, which indicates the alkaline nature of water samples. The high electrical conductivity of the Jajroud River is due to agricultural, horticultural and residential activities. High TDS indicates that the nitrate in the water is very high. Decreasing trend is the average concentration of the main cations in the water samples of Jajrud River as magnesium, potassium, sodium, calcium, and the order of the concentration of anions in surface water samples as chlorine, sulfate, phosphate, nitrate, bicarbonate. The result of ion distribution in the piper diagram indicates that the water type of anions is of sulfated type and is located in the chloride facies. And the type of water in sodium-potassium cations is in the magnesic facies. Manuscript profile
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        183 - The application of multivariate statistical methods and environmental indicators in the evaluation of distribution heavy metals in riverin sediments of Dohezar River, North of Iran
        Mohamad Reza Ansari sahar Sartipi Yarahmadi Hanane alsadat Nasr
        Riverin sediments of the Dohezar River in Tonekabon contain high levels of heavy metals and therefore, they were chemically analyzed to determine concentrations of these elements. In fact, this research intended to evaluate the ecological risks of the heavy metals As, P More
        Riverin sediments of the Dohezar River in Tonekabon contain high levels of heavy metals and therefore, they were chemically analyzed to determine concentrations of these elements. In fact, this research intended to evaluate the ecological risks of the heavy metals As, Pb, Cr, Zn, and Cu in the river sediments. Contamination indices such as enrichment factor and contamination factor, were evaluated. Considering the average concentrations of the heavy metals at all of the Stations, the maximum average for the elements was zinc and the minimum was copper. Therefore, the averages of changes in the concentrations of the elements are Zn&nbsp;&gt;&nbsp;Cr&nbsp;&gt;&nbsp;Pb&nbsp;&gt;&nbsp;As&nbsp;&gt;&nbsp;Cu. Considering calculation of the enrichment factors for the heavy metals according to the EF classification table, the maximum number of Stations (43.02%) with respect to contamination with As were in class 4(moderately severe enrichment). With respect to enrichment of Pb, Zn, Cr, and copper, the rest of the stations with 83.72, 77.91, 86.05, and 69.77%, respectively, were in class 2 (minor enrichment). Considering the high concentrations of the studied elements in the sediments of the region compared to the background value, and based on calculations related to contamination factor, arsenic with the average of 11.9 exceeded the most from the standard limit. It was followed by Pb with 2.2, zinc with 2, Cr with 1.8, and Cu with1.6 (copper exceeding the least from the standard limit). This research used statistical studies on correlation coefficients and cluster analysis to find the origin of the heavy metals in the sediments of the region. The low correlation between the heavy metals in the soil can indicate they probably did not have the same source. Moreover, these elements have different geochemical behaviors due to their low correlation. Manuscript profile
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        184 - Prediction of the changes in some climate variables in Darehrood River of Aras Basin over next decades using of GCM Models
        Ebrahim Fataei Ali i Aziz Seiied Taghi Seiied Safaviyan Ali Akbar Imani Akram Ojaghi Habib Farhadi
        Climate change is one of the natural features of atmospheric circulation anomalies and fluctuations in the meteorological parameters such as rainfall and temperature can be achieved. These anomalies in most of the world led to impair in natural ecosystems. Studies show More
        Climate change is one of the natural features of atmospheric circulation anomalies and fluctuations in the meteorological parameters such as rainfall and temperature can be achieved. These anomalies in most of the world led to impair in natural ecosystems. Studies show that emissions of greenhouse gases in recent decades have increased considerably. These gases increase in the atmosphere, causing changes in Earth's climate parameters. &nbsp;With widely varying meteorological simulation models of generators weather in recent decades, it is essential that these changes in a series of simulated apply. In this study, using statistical downscaling techniques, GCM models under the greenhouse gas emission scenarios (A1B, A2, B1) for the period 2039-2011 using statistical models LARSE-WG daily data of temperature, precipitation and radiation small scale, and the results were evaluated on synoptic stations. The results show that changes in climate parameters will be created during the study period. So that the average temperature between the stations under study between 31.0 to 69.3 &deg; C will increase and rainfall will increase to 2.8 to 21.5 percent Manuscript profile
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        185 - Monitoring of heavy metals in length of moradbeik River of Hamadan
        SH Sadeghi M.H Saghi M.T Samadi زین العابدین Yahyapour
        Heavy metal pollution of water sources due to discharge of factories into environment is the highest riskfor human and environment health. Humans and animals by consuming vegetables and food staff washedwith polluted water are at high risk. The quality of surface waters More
        Heavy metal pollution of water sources due to discharge of factories into environment is the highest riskfor human and environment health. Humans and animals by consuming vegetables and food staff washedwith polluted water are at high risk. The quality of surface waters is a very sensitive issue. Sampling forwatershed was carried out over 4 months (April, May, June and July) from 6 stations and qualityparameters were determined. These parameters are: pb, Zn, Cu, Cd, Ni and Fe. Also the data wereanalyzed with standard methods and atomic absorption. Results showed that in April the highestaverage was that of pb (.0.54 mg/l) and the lowest cadmium (0.001 mg/l ). In May, the highest averagewas related to pb (1.15mg/l) and the lowest its was Fe (0.013mg/l ). In June the highest and lowestaverages were Cu(.0.56 mg/l) and Fe (0 mg/l) respectively, while also in July they were Cd (0.018 mg/l)and Fe(0 mg/l). The River was polluted with heavy metals in some stations and water quality of this riverdoes not matchwith standards. With physical, chemical and biological agent monitoring and also withcontrol of water quality indexes in these stations, we observed wastewater and other pollution arrive river.Environmental effects of pollution are seen in different parts of the river. Manuscript profile
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        186 - Environmental Geochemistry of Zarjoob River in Rasht City (Guilan Province)
        Zahra Bahari Chahardah Shahroz Haghnazar
        &nbsp; Zarjoob River is located in north of Iran, Guilan province, Rasht city limits. During the study, the water and sediments of Zarjoob River were sampled in 5 places. According to geochemical studies on sediment and water of Zarjoob River it was found that there is More
        &nbsp; Zarjoob River is located in north of Iran, Guilan province, Rasht city limits. During the study, the water and sediments of Zarjoob River were sampled in 5 places. According to geochemical studies on sediment and water of Zarjoob River it was found that there is no environmental contamination in river's sediment but the analysis of river's water shows that the existence of elements of Cadmium, Cobalt, Mercury, Manganese, Nickel and Zinc in all samples of water specially in Rasht industrial city region and Golsar Bridge to Pirbazar are more than WHO standard and water standard of Iran. These elements' concentration changes process is affected by the arrival of urban- domestic and industrial wastewater. The concentration of these elements along the river (before, inside, and after Rasht city) has irregular changes. The amount of BOD of river's water in all stations except in one of them is more than the standard in Iran and it is due to the arrival of industrial, domestic and hospital wastewater along the river. The amount of COD in all stations is more than the water standard of Iran which is approximately 30 times more than the standards in Golsar region to Pirbazar and this indicates very severe water contamination in river. Heavy metals existed in international water enter the body of fish and other aquatic animals and they are accumulated in their body. Also the accumulation of heavy metals in plants' tissue finally enters food chain which could be the reason of developing gastrointestinal cancer and endocrine diseases in Guilan province. Manuscript profile
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        187 - Determining the rate of drought meteorological and hydrological condition in Kerman province
        محمود Salari اصغر Tabibian
        Although kerman, as a part of Iran Plateu, has a dry to very dry climate, few changeshappen in its climate due to some factors including height, humidity and weather frontsenter this region; in this case, dry and rarely mediterianian climates can be seen inheights of La More
        Although kerman, as a part of Iran Plateu, has a dry to very dry climate, few changeshappen in its climate due to some factors including height, humidity and weather frontsenter this region; in this case, dry and rarely mediterianian climates can be seen inheights of Lalehzar and Jabalbarez Mountains. To determine metropoligical drought,Kerman Province has been divided into suitable sub-basins and Regional EvaluationStatistical Distribution Method has been used. Moreover, Regional Evaluation has beenexamined using Standard Distribution Index, arithmetical mean and ratio median.In thissurvey Rainfall stations with suitable distribution with a long period of meteorologicaldrought statistics between 1968-2007 for 39 years are selected.the surveys showed thatthe drought period in Kerman is longer that wet year period.More over by selecting 4index hydrometry stations with acceptable statistics and generalizing to four region ofKavir lut,Jazmorian,Daranjir desert,Sirjan Abarghoo desert were determined.Since the1999-2000 Kerman region entered drought hydrological situation that continued till2007-08 and the surface runoff production inadequancy rate to the long period.averagewere determined to 18 billion cubic meters, and the years of 1968-69, 1999-2000, 2005-06, 2007-08 were the driest years and in most years, some portious of state had bearedsome drought with different return period. Manuscript profile
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        188 - textural and compositional study of sefidrud near shore sediments
        hossein baghery سعید خدابخش hamed tabatabie
        In this study efforted Using field Sampling and Sedimentary Analysis to display Textural andCompositional of Sefidrud Near shore Sediments. And with the Sedimentological parameters suchas Mean, Skewness and Sorting, sedimentary process and sediment resource distinguishe More
        In this study efforted Using field Sampling and Sedimentary Analysis to display Textural andCompositional of Sefidrud Near shore Sediments. And with the Sedimentological parameters suchas Mean, Skewness and Sorting, sedimentary process and sediment resource distinguished.Sampling and statistical analyses of the grain size distributions of coast (Back shore, Dunes, BeachRidge, Lagoon, Sand plain) and Sefid Rud river mouth sediments at various locations along thecoastline show that they varied in their mean grain size and values of sorting and skewness. Thestatistical parameters of grain size distributions thus allowed recognition of distinct subenvironments. The size distribution of such sediments suggests that the various processes that areresponsible for their transportation and deposition are wave, current and wind action and scatter plotof standard deviation versus skewness distinguished coast samples are bimodal and river samplesare polymodal. Also with detection of heavy mineral and X-Ray and sediment cross section, showthat magnetite and Illmenite and quartz, feldspar and plagioclase are the most important heavyminerals and rock fragments as respectively Manuscript profile
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        189 - Investigating and identification of sources and parameters of water pollution in Karaj River in Islamshahr range
        Maryam Khodabakhshi Farahnaz Karimzadeh Behnoush Khoshmanesh Afshar Zieazarifi
        The present research is conducted to study some heavy metals pollutants in Karaj River (the most famous river located in Islamshahr) including soluble oxygen, pH, TDS, EC, salinity; in addition, concentration of heavy metals including Ni, Cr, Cd, Zn, Pb, Cu, and As was More
        The present research is conducted to study some heavy metals pollutants in Karaj River (the most famous river located in Islamshahr) including soluble oxygen, pH, TDS, EC, salinity; in addition, concentration of heavy metals including Ni, Cr, Cd, Zn, Pb, Cu, and As was also analyzed in water samples.To determine and examine the parameters, sampling steps were carried out at 5 stations along the River in February excluding other stations due to lack of water. Research data were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient test through SPSS.&nbsp; pH mean level 5555 in surface water samples indicates alkaline nature of water samples. High water conductivity of Karaj River results from agricultural and industrial activities. High TDS is related to water nitrate frequency. The descending trend of water sample main cations mean concentration is as follows: Magnesium&gt; Calcium&gt; Sodium&gt; Chlorine.&nbsp; In Pier chart, water anions are of sulfate-type in the carbonate and bicarbonate facies; and water type in cations is of sodium- potassium situated in Manizic and Calcic facies.&nbsp; According to the results of correlation coefficients between nickel metal elements with chrome, copper with zinc, as well as chrome with zinc, the common origin of earth-born and lithogenic (human activities) is probably supplied in the River water. Furthermore, sulfate anions and some metal elements showed a positive correlation; in addition, chlorine ion also explains elements transportation at the sulfide phase.&nbsp;&nbsp; Manuscript profile
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        190 - Identification of Karoon River Water Quality Using Mamdani Fuzzy Inference Model
        Meysam Vadiati Mohammad Nakhaei Vahab Amiri Amraei Ali Mirarabi
        In recent years, fuzzy-logic-based methods have adjusted to spot uncertainty in environmental problems. In thepresent study, a methodology based on Fuzzy Inference Model to assess river water quality is used. The potentialapplication of the fuzzy model has been tested w More
        In recent years, fuzzy-logic-based methods have adjusted to spot uncertainty in environmental problems. In thepresent study, a methodology based on Fuzzy Inference Model to assess river water quality is used. The potentialapplication of the fuzzy model has been tested with a case study. Therefore, a data set collected from seventeenstations through the Karoon River from 2008 t0 2009 has been used. The most important parameters areaffecting the river quality of water such as DO, BOD5, NO3-, Cl-, EC has been used. Using Fuzzy InferenceModel, the river water quality classified in three categories; Good, Moderate and Poor. Results showed thatfuzzy inference model is able to indicate water quality variations in different seasons. Therefore, thismethodology develops as a suitable and alternative tool to be used in developing effective water managementplans. Manuscript profile
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        191 - A Study of the Effects of Purkan Village Wastewater Refinery on Qualitative Parameters of Karaj River
        Faezeh Hosseini Amir hesam Hasani Amir hossein Javid Mojtaba Sayadi
        Today the River of Karaj is exposed to all kinds of pollutions and destruction of ecosystem because of thedestructive effects of Tehran, a city with millions of residents. So it is important to examine the quality of thewater of this river to collect information about t More
        Today the River of Karaj is exposed to all kinds of pollutions and destruction of ecosystem because of thedestructive effects of Tehran, a city with millions of residents. So it is important to examine the quality of thewater of this river to collect information about the current situation. The objective of this study is to find out therole of the Purkan sanitary wastewater refinery on the quality of the water of the river. In current study, sampleswere collected from four stations: into, out of, before, and after the refinery, in seasonal form, four stages.Concentration of NO3,NH3,PO4,BOD5,COD,TSS,pH indices were tested according to methods suggested bystandard methods reference. Considering the results of the samples, data analysis was done using statistics. Theresults of physical , chemical and microbial analyses of the samples show that the refinery has no good role indecreasing basic parameters such as COD, TSS and FC (specially in summer season). In many cases, theparameters were more than the limit. The water in the river has an almost fixed condition, so; entrance of thewastewater into Karaj River does not show a great negative effect. As a result, it seems necessary to make aprogram to find a solution to remove the problems. Prevention of the direct entrance of the wastewater into theriver, modification of refinery function, optimization of filteration, and the use of wastewater in artificialirrigater may help remove these problems. Manuscript profile
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        192 - The Investigation of river sediments heavy metals Pullutants with Geoaccumulation Index , Pollution Coefficient and Analysis of the main component (case study: Jajrooad in the range of pardis city)
        Alireza Niknam Bojandi Farahnaz Karimzaheh Masoumeh Sohrabi Mulla Yosefi
        The most important river in the city of pardis at the east of Tehran , is Jajrood . In this research 16 samples of sediment of this river were studied that collected in early July (2018). These samples were analyzed to determine the concentration of Fe , Cr , Cd , Zn , More
        The most important river in the city of pardis at the east of Tehran , is Jajrood . In this research 16 samples of sediment of this river were studied that collected in early July (2018). These samples were analyzed to determine the concentration of Fe , Cr , Cd , Zn , Pb , Cu , Co , Hg , As and Mn elements with TCP method for heavy metals. The Jajrood River sediments are contaminated with Zinc, lead and at some stations to copper and manganese and Cadmium. The possible source of copper and lead elements is the discharge of construction waste and road construction, agricultural and horticultural activities, residential areas and industry activity near the river. The increase in manganese concentration at Sanjrian station is due to human activities, including agriculture, horticulture and residential areas near the river. Conclusion the principal component is consistent with the results of cluster analysis. Based on statistical analysis, it can be said that iron, cobalt, chromium and zinc have the same source (Lithogenic). This article also discusses cadmium and arsenic as a common source (Anthropogenic) and also provides a separate source (Anthropogenic) for lead. Manuscript profile
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        193 - Investigating the Invironmental Effects of Kermanshah Wastewater Treatment Plant sewage on the Permanent River Gharasoo
        seyyed shahab hosseini Siamak Baharvand
        Today, the most important step to control sewage pollutions and reuse of wastewater, is to construct sewage treatment plants and closely monitor their performance.In this research, the aim of this study was to investigate the environmental impacts of sewage treatment ef More
        Today, the most important step to control sewage pollutions and reuse of wastewater, is to construct sewage treatment plants and closely monitor their performance.In this research, the aim of this study was to investigate the environmental impacts of sewage treatment effluent in Kermanshah on some physico-chemical parameters of GharasoopermanentRiver so,changes of these parameters were investigated in Gharasooriver water samples at different time intervals.The average of changes in these parameters were compared in dry season with the variation of this parameter in the wet season (November).Investigation of daily changes in acidity of samples in different parts of the wet season (November) of the year 95 illustrate the fact that the processes of neutralizing the acidity of the effluent have an effect on the process of dramatic changes in this parameter and shows a decrease in the acidity in the output samples in respect of input samples.Also, the results of measurement of the biological oxygen demand of samples show that sewage treatment processes have been effective in removing various sludge and various microorganisms.The results of measuring the amount of total suspended solids in water samples indicate effective efficiencies and the proper functioning of the wastewater treatment process.Measuring the temperature of water samples at 3 different points shows that in these 3 points the water temperature was constant and has only shown a slight change at different times. The amount of nitrate in the samples and the amount of dissolved oxygen from the inlet point of the refinery to the outlet point has been increasing. Daily changes in alkalinity and acidity, the amount of biological and chemical oxygen demand and the amount of phosphorus at the inlet point of the refinery to the outlet point and samples from distant distances have a decreasing trend. Manuscript profile
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        194 - Assessment of heavy metal pollution in the surface sediments of Gamasiab River in Nahavand city
        Maryam Saleh Mohsen Rezaei Ata Shakeri Ashkan Jahandari
        The objective of this study was to evaluate heavy metals such as As, Cd, Ni, Cr, Pb, Cu, V and Ni in the surface sediments of Gamasiab River. This river located in west of Iran and it is the most important river in Nahavand city, a wide range of human activities take pl More
        The objective of this study was to evaluate heavy metals such as As, Cd, Ni, Cr, Pb, Cu, V and Ni in the surface sediments of Gamasiab River. This river located in west of Iran and it is the most important river in Nahavand city, a wide range of human activities take place along the river. Examples include fish farming and agriculture activities. So the assessment of heavy metals in sediments of the river is necessary. The results show that the heavy metal concentration in the sediments decreased in the order Cr&gt;Zn&gt;Ni&gt;As&gt;Pb&gt;Co&gt;Mo&gt;Cd. Variety of methods used to evaluate sediment contamination with heavy metals as enrichment factor, pollution load index, comparison of sediment quality guidelines and potential ecological risk of heavy metals. According to enrichment factor index, As and Cd have anthropogenic originates while Cr and Ni have geogenic originates. Some stations show a very high degree of Pb contamination. Samples 1 , 3 and to a lesser extent 2,6 and 8 showed a highest degree of toxicity. The correlation coefficient was used for communication between the elements. Results show that the anthropogenic Pb, Cu, Zn, As and Cd inputs were mostly related to the urban and Agriculture activities. Manuscript profile
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        195 - Determination of origin of major ions in groundwaters of Astaneh-Koochesfehan area
        مسعود Eshaghpour محمد Manshori
        Sefidrood river watershed is located in 9 provinces of Iran consist of 3 subwatershed of Ghezelozan,Shahrood and endparts of Sefidrood. In order to determination of origin of major ions in aquifer ofAstaneh-Koochesfehan study area that is located in central parts of Gil More
        Sefidrood river watershed is located in 9 provinces of Iran consist of 3 subwatershed of Ghezelozan,Shahrood and endparts of Sefidrood. In order to determination of origin of major ions in aquifer ofAstaneh-Koochesfehan study area that is located in central parts of Gilan province and end parts ofSefidrood River, data from 25 deep and shallow quality wells with maximum depth of 150m during 11period from September 2003 to September 2008 and 4 hydrometry station on 3 mentionedsubwatersheds was analyzed. Pole Astaneh and Beyne Rahe Roodbar are located in end parts ofSefidrood subwatershed and Shahrood and Gilavan are located on Shahrood and Ghezelozan riversubaequentely.The study area is located between longitudes of 370000-430000 m and latitudes of4099000-4150000 m in UTM system in zone of 39N. Astaneh Ashrafiyyeh is the largest city in thestudy area. Lithology of the study area consist of deltaic deposits and Sefidrood River alluvialsspreading from Emamzadeh Hashem to Sefidrood Delta in Caspian sea coast as a fan with a head inthe south and a long side in the north. Well samples are classified as natural waters and classified asC3S1 when Sefidrood samples in Gilevan Station as C4S2 and 3 other stations are classified as C3S1.Relatively high EC and TDS decreasing water taste quality. Relatively low quality of Sefidrood Riverwater and better quality of Disam River water influences groundwaters. There is no evidence of seawater intrusion in the groundwaters. Water type is Calcium and magnesium bicarbonate. Using linearregression equation and determination coefficient between anions and cations results that bicarbonateis originated from dissolution of limestone formations in the study area or Great Sefidrood watershade,chloride is interred in the groundwaters resulting from dissolution of evaporation deposits in theGhezelozan watershade and sulfate from dissolution of evaporation deposits in Ghezelozanwatershade and leaching of potash fertilizers from soil Manuscript profile
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        196 - Investigating the amounts of sediment pollutants of the Karaj River in the area of Eslamshahr (southern Tehran) and their adverse effects on the surrounding environm
        Farahnaz Karimzadeh Maryam Khodabakhshi Behnosh Khoshmanesh Afshar Ziyazarifi
        Eslamshahr is located in the south of Tehran, bounded by Tehran in the north, by Rey County in the east, by Robat Karim in the south and by Shahriar County in the west. The most important river is named the Karaj River. In the research sediment samples were analyzed to More
        Eslamshahr is located in the south of Tehran, bounded by Tehran in the north, by Rey County in the east, by Robat Karim in the south and by Shahriar County in the west. The most important river is named the Karaj River. In the research sediment samples were analyzed to determine the concentration of Ni, Cr, Cd, Zn, Pb, Cu, As , and Fe elements. The sediments of the Karaj River are contaminated by zinc, copper, and in some stations by lead and arsenic. The Conclusion of the analysis of the principle component is compatible with the results from the cluster analysis and based on the statistical analyses performed, one can say that iron, nickel, chrome and zing have a common source (natural). Common sources (anthropogenic) are found for copper and arsenic as well as a separate source (anthropogenic) for cadmium. The results show that not all the elements are enriched in the stations. According to the results from the geoaccumulation Index, the amounts of zinc, copper and nickel are in the polluted range at some stations and in the non-polluted to medium pollution ranges at other stations. The pollution of cadmium, lead and arsenic are in the medium to strong pollution range. The amount of chrome is also in the non-polluted range and at some stations in the medium to strong pollution range and at station 13 in the strong pollution range. The values for the degree of pollution show that cadmium has a very high pollution degree, chrome and nickel have medium pollution degrees, and copper, arsenic, lead and zing have considerable pollution degrees. The pollution factor is low to medium in all the stations. The possible source of zinc and copper elements is the household waste and wastewater discharge into the Karaj River. Increased concentrations of arsenic in Salur and Saveh Road stations indicates the impacts of agricultural pesticides and the increased concentration of lead is due to the vehicles passing by the river. Manuscript profile
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        197 - Pirtaqi dam and hydroelectric power plant site selection using multi-criteria evaluation (AHP)
        Rezvan Yaghuobi Jafar Rahnamarad Fatemeh Jamshidian
        The Pirtaqi dam will be constructed in 50 km eastern of Miyaneh and 45 km south-western of Khalkhal, onQezel-Oezan River in Ardebil province. For the Pirtaqi site were purposed two dam site, named 15 and 15A. Inthis paper by using multi-criteria evaluation of AHP (Analy More
        The Pirtaqi dam will be constructed in 50 km eastern of Miyaneh and 45 km south-western of Khalkhal, onQezel-Oezan River in Ardebil province. For the Pirtaqi site were purposed two dam site, named 15 and 15A. Inthis paper by using multi-criteria evaluation of AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process), the preferred dam site fordam construction had presented. For selection of best dam site have been descript 8 criteria and 26 sub criteria,then had evaluated by using Super Decision software. On the base of preferred evaluations for sub criteria thathad depended to Q, RMR, and DMR classifications, quantitative values of RQD, SPI and GSI, permeability ofbanks and bed rock, uniaxial compressive strength, deformation modulus's, stability and conditions of powerplant tunnel, major joints and faults in dam axis, excavation volume, depth of weak pyroclastic rocks andalluvium texture, the 15A dam site has higher scores of pair wise comparison matrix and has been presented forpreferred dam site Manuscript profile
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        198 - Evaluation of river–aquifer interaction using physicochemical parameters, Case study: the north part of Dezful – Andimeshk district
        Mohammad Faryabi Manochehr Chitsazan
        Determination of the hydraulic interaction between the rivers and groundwater, as the most significant water resources in arid and semi-arid regions, attracted a great attention recently. In recent years, several methods have been used for the study of these water excha More
        Determination of the hydraulic interaction between the rivers and groundwater, as the most significant water resources in arid and semi-arid regions, attracted a great attention recently. In recent years, several methods have been used for the study of these water exchanges such as seepage meters, minipiezometers, temperature data loggers and the study of the physicochemical parameters. The Dez River that is the third largest river in Iran also is one of the important surface water resources in the northern part of Khuzestan province.&nbsp; In this research, the water physicochemical parameters were used to assessment of the interaction between the Dez River and aquifer in the north part of Dezful-Andimeshk district. To this purpose, the temporal and spatial variations of river and groundwater quality parameters have been studied. The physicochemical analysis results of the river and quality monitoring wells have been used for the temporal assessments of river-aquifer interaction. For spatial assessment of the river-aquifer interaction, 69 groundwater samples were collected from the abstraction wells. Hydrochemical diagrams such Piper and composition diagrams along with some statistical methods such as Cluster Analysis were applied to the interpretation of the results of the water samples analysis. Also, the PRO-GRADE computer code was used for evaluation of the achieved results. The results of this study show that the Dez River has a losing nature and its recharge water in to the underlying groundwater body can enhance the quality of the groundwater in the study area. The measured nitrate concentration of river and groundwater also shows the positive role of river infiltrated water on the groundwater quality Manuscript profile
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        199 - Identification of active structures via remote sensing
        Vahid Hosseinitoudeshki
        Active structures have an important role in controlling fluvial systems through longitudinal and lateral tilting. The Ghezel Ozan River in northwest of Iran has responded to ongoing tectonic deformation in the basin. The study area is located in the Western Alborz zone More
        Active structures have an important role in controlling fluvial systems through longitudinal and lateral tilting. The Ghezel Ozan River in northwest of Iran has responded to ongoing tectonic deformation in the basin. The study area is located in the Western Alborz zone and includes part of the Ghezel Ozan River. This paper presents the role of active structures in making active deformations via detection and characterization of fluvial anomalies and correlation with structures. The study area is characterized by association of fluvial anomalies viz. deflection, anomalous sinuosity variations and knick point in longitudinal profile. Such fluvial anomalies have been identified on the repetitive satellite images and maps and interpreted through DEM and field observations to identify active structures in the area. Some of the structures in the study area have caused the fluvial anomalies and the most active structures are surface and sub-surface faults and folds with trend of NE-SW. Manuscript profile
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        200 - A report of Physa acuta presence from Jajrood River, east of Tehran province
        Zahra Chahardehi Damghan Siamak Yousefi Siahkalroudi Neda Kheradpir
        Molluscs are among the most important group of agricultural plant pests. Physa acuta, as an invasive species in horticulture, vegetables and specially rice farms takes a serious attention. In this study, through sampling from four pints in Jajroud River including Fasham More
        Molluscs are among the most important group of agricultural plant pests. Physa acuta, as an invasive species in horticulture, vegetables and specially rice farms takes a serious attention. In this study, through sampling from four pints in Jajroud River including Fasham, Saeed Abad, Khojir and Pakdasht, the species was reported from all the sampling points. There were no samples collected in summer season and samples collected in spring and autumn showed no significant difference in morphological features. The presence of the species would be considered as an alarm for further invasion to farms and gardens along the riverside. Manuscript profile
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        201 - Sensitivity analysis of Manning roughness coefficient of rivers in HEC-RAS model to determine flood zones (case study: Ker River- Fars province)
        vahid sohrabi Farshid Hashmipour Petkoi Hamid Sheikhpur Shahi
        Introduction: Rivers are one of the few natural phenomena that, despite the countless damages they have caused to humans since a long time ago, due to their special impact on human life and the formation of civilizations, humans have always been called to the lands alon More
        Introduction: Rivers are one of the few natural phenomena that, despite the countless damages they have caused to humans since a long time ago, due to their special impact on human life and the formation of civilizations, humans have always been called to the lands along the river. In Iran, due to its large size, multiple climates, and temporal and spatial density of rains in most watersheds, huge floods have been witnessed in most regions of the country every year, many of which cause a lot of human and financial losses.Methodology: In this research, 10 km long stretches of the Ker River (downstream of the Chamriz Hydrometric Station) were selected, and after preparing the statistics of the maximum instantaneous discharge of the river in two states before and after the construction of the Molla Sadra Dam, the effect of the construction of the dam on the river flow Checked out. Then, taking into account the river discharge per discharge with a return period of 25 years for two situations before and after the construction of the dam, the permanent flow model of the mentioned river was prepared by HEC-RAS software and then compared with each other. In the following, based on discharge with a return period of 25 years after the construction of the dam, the Manning roughness coefficient was changed to 50% of the initial value and the HEC-RAS model was implemented again. The construction of the said dam has caused some parameters such as water level, water flow speed, water flow area, flow rate in the river and also the flood of its plains to decrease.Results: The results of the sensitivity analysis of some parameters in relation to Manning's roughness coefficient showed that with the decrease of Manning's roughness coefficient, some parameters such as water level and flow area also decrease and parameters such as water flow speed, river discharge, river discharge on the right bank and the left increases and vice versa. Manuscript profile
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        202 - The Archaeological Research at the Ancient Sites of Sirwan River Valley, Sanandaj and Sarvabad Counties, Kurdistan Province
        Shokouh Khosravi Saman Mostafapour Farhad Fatahi
        10.30495/peb.2023.702228
        The Archaeological Survey of a part of the Valley of Sirwan River between the east of Sarvabad County and the west of Sanandaj County in the southwest of Kurdistan province was carried out in October 2016. The area is surrounded by many heights covered with oak and bany More
        The Archaeological Survey of a part of the Valley of Sirwan River between the east of Sarvabad County and the west of Sanandaj County in the southwest of Kurdistan province was carried out in October 2016. The area is surrounded by many heights covered with oak and banyan trees, forming a V-shaped valley with a short width and a steep slope. This situation is not an ideal condition for the formation of sites and human settlements, and therefore, it was not logical to expect the discovery of many sites before the survey. This survey included only the catchment areas of Nayabad Dam, where in total 11 sites were identified. The oldest identified settlements, including 6 sites, belonged to the Parthian period, and no older findings were obtained from this survey. Just a site had evidence from the 4th to 6th A.H. centuries. It seems that the lack of ancient sites in the valley is most likely related to the geological and topographic conditions of the valley. The lack of arable land, the stony nature of the area, and the excessive slope of the land in the valley have caused the formation of only nine ancient sites and two cemeteries throughout the region. Locating on the slopes and being single-period sites are reasons we see only a small number of pottery pieces in most of the sites, which apparently are scattered in a natural bed without any archaeological deposits. To identify the endangered sites of the valley, four of them were excavated (tested by 3-5 sondages), three of which had the remains of seasonal settlements, and in the area of Deh Kohene 1, a graveyard from the Parthian period was revealed, where a simple pit grave and a burial pot were revealed from there. Due to the mentioned reasons, the Sirvan River valley from Nagal to Nai Abad has not had numerous and important settlements throughout history due to environmental conditions and topography. The distribution pattern of the ancient sites and the appearance of the archaeological deposits show that a pattern similar to today has been ruling in the region in the past. At present, for six months of the year, the people of the region live in scattered houses and places located in their agricultural land and gardens on the edge of the river and return to the village during the cold season. Undoubtedly, this pattern was formed due to environmental restrictions and has continued to the present. Manuscript profile
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        203 - Report on the Discovery of Possible Lower Paleolithic Evidence on the Terraces of the Simineroud River
        Rahmat Naderi
        The area around Lake Urmia is one of the most important areas in the archaeological studies of Iran. The existence of archaeological sites from the Paleolithic period to the late period shows the attention of humans to this area, and suitable environmental conditions ca More
        The area around Lake Urmia is one of the most important areas in the archaeological studies of Iran. The existence of archaeological sites from the Paleolithic period to the late period shows the attention of humans to this area, and suitable environmental conditions can be considered as the reason for this tendency to settle in this area. In the past few years, several Lower paleolithic sites were discovered in this geographical zone during various and scattered surveys. These areas, which are deliberately located in the south of the lake and on the terraces of the rivers in this area, illustrate the existence of settlements from the Lower Paleolithic period and the Acheulean tool making industry. According to the technology used to make the artefacts and the typology of the pieces, the Shahrikand area can be related to the Lower Paleolithic period. Manuscript profile
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        204 - Tal 11, A Chalcolithic Settlement in Talvar Dam Basin, Bijar, Kurdistan Province
        Hamed Zifar Hamidreza Valipour Abbas Motarjem
        Site No. 11 of Talvar dam was excavated in 2010 aimed to be salvaged and archaeologically studied. Preliminary studies indicated that there had been a nomadic area with chalcolithic pottery. Accordingly, there was a need to study the material culture (mainly pottery). I More
        Site No. 11 of Talvar dam was excavated in 2010 aimed to be salvaged and archaeologically studied. Preliminary studies indicated that there had been a nomadic area with chalcolithic pottery. Accordingly, there was a need to study the material culture (mainly pottery). In this article, first chalcolithic potteries of the area are generally presented and described; then, typology and classification of the findings are administered and comparing with the pottery data of the nearby areas, their relative dates are provided. Based on relative chronology, Tal 11 site dates to the first half of the fourth millennium B.C. (4000 to 3700 B.C) and is coincided with Dalma pottery tradition (middle chalcolithic). Tal 11, having its own local culture and pottery similarities within Talvar river basin, i.e. Tal 12 and Kalnan tepe, shows also similarities with western region of center of Iranian Plateau and Zanjan region, at least in relation with pottery tradition. Due to the types of potteries, lack of architectural traces, and deficiency of cultural deposits, it can be concluded that settlement of this area was temporary and nomadic. Manuscript profile
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        205 - The Settlement Patterns of Middle Chalcolithic Sites in the Talvar River Basin, Dehgolan and Ghorveh Counties, Kurdestan Province, Iran
        Amir Saed Mucheshi Kamalaldin Niknami Zahed Karimi Eqbal Azizi Ali Behnia
        This article discusses the settlement patterns of the middle chalcolithic sites in the Talvar river Basin in an area expanding from the river tributaries to its fairly lower bed eastwardly. The river basin is mostly placed within the both counties of Dehgolan and Ghorve More
        This article discusses the settlement patterns of the middle chalcolithic sites in the Talvar river Basin in an area expanding from the river tributaries to its fairly lower bed eastwardly. The river basin is mostly placed within the both counties of Dehgolan and Ghorveh in Kurdestan Province. The archaeological investigations indicated the rise of occupation and presumably even its beginning in the chalcolithic period coinciding with various ways of life sustenance. In terms of size, elevation and access to the environmental resources, the middle chalcolithic sites (34 sites) could be divided in to several different groups. This issue is possibly based on the different ways of life sustenance. The earliest evidence in the region goes back to the middle chalcolithic period, but this result should not be known finally as both natural and cultural post-depositional alternations such as erosion, sedimentation and cultivation could play an important role. This article, however, is based on the yielded data collected as the result of archaeological investigations by provincial ICHO and also the first author who undertook a survey to write his Ph.D dissertation.&nbsp; Manuscript profile
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        206 - Faunistic of fresh water crab in East River of Tehran province
        Siamak Yousefi Siahkalroodi Gelareh Pazooki Shadi Khatami Mahyar Yousefi Siahkalroodi
        During research in different seasons (winter and spring, summer and autumn), freshwater crabs in the eastern rivers of Tehran province (Jajroud, Hablehroud and Lar) in Fasham, Saeedabad, Khojir, Zarrin Dasht and Simindasht stations were carried out using hand net. They More
        During research in different seasons (winter and spring, summer and autumn), freshwater crabs in the eastern rivers of Tehran province (Jajroud, Hablehroud and Lar) in Fasham, Saeedabad, Khojir, Zarrin Dasht and Simindasht stations were carried out using hand net. They were evaluated in terms of carapace length and width, weight and body color. Finally, the results of this study showed that the species of crab found was Potamon persicum, which had a strong and positive correlation between carapace length, carapace width and also the weight of this crab in the samples found of Rivers (Jajrud and Hablehrood), stations (Fasham, Saeedabad, Khojir, Zarindasht and Simindasht) and gender did not affect the carapace length, carapace width and weight of this crab. In terms of average population distribution, P. persicum crabs were the same in Jajroud and Hableh Rud rivers as well as Fasham, Saeedabad, Khojir, Zarrin Dasht and Simin Dasht stations, but this average population distribution was significantly higher in summer and autumn than in winter and spring (p &lt; 0.05). The population frequency of this crab was 70% in Jajroud river and 30% in Hablehrood; At Fasham, Saeedabad, Khojir, Zarrin Dasht and Simin Dasht stations, the frequencies were 32, 19, 18, 21 and 10% of the total samples, respectively. The results of body color also showed that the color of the carapace and legs were often dark brown and in some cases light brown. Manuscript profile
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        207 - Land Use Planning for Urban River Margins Based on the Green City Approach (Case study: Abshooran River of Kermanshah)
        Mohamadreza Farahnaki Naser Barakpur
        Manuscript profile
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        208 - Explaining a Conceptual Model for Sustainable Regeneration of the River Valleys of the City of Tehran (Case study: Darakeh River Valley in Tehran)
        Kimia Moazeni Mojtaba Rafieian Mohammad Saeid Izadi Esmaeil Salehi
        Manuscript profile
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        209 - A Trivalent Approach to the Quality of the “Khoshk” River Landscape in Shiraz
        Mehdi Khakzand Mohsen Faizi Abbas Azari
        Manuscript profile
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        210 - Analysing the Effects of Environmental Recognition on Enhancing the Hidden Natural Landscape of Tajrish River-Valley and its Sociability
        Ali Asghar Adibi parichehr goodarzi
        Manuscript profile
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        211 - Investigation of history Harsin in Era Ancient
        bagher adelfar poorya esmaeli
        Harsin city of the Province of Kermanshah. Based on archaeological evidence, especially&nbsp;Ganjdareh hill proves that this ancient line of&nbsp;The first human settlements on the plateau are gone&nbsp;And over the centuries, especially in ancient times Due to the spec More
        Harsin city of the Province of Kermanshah. Based on archaeological evidence, especially&nbsp;Ganjdareh hill proves that this ancient line of&nbsp;The first human settlements on the plateau are gone&nbsp;And over the centuries, especially in ancient times Due to the specific climatic conditions and the quality of agricultural soils, Plentiful water and vast plains considered by various nations&nbsp;Including people of different dynasties and rulers have been Lak, Achaemenids and Sassanian were aware of the importance of this area. The purpose of this study is that using&nbsp;Historical method based on the description and analysis of city history&nbsp;Harsin in ancient times to be introducing sanitized.&nbsp;The main findings of the study showed that apart from the status Harsin Climate appropriate, in terms of religion as an important center of worship of the religion Mithraism&nbsp;On the Zoroastrian religion that Geomat Magus action to close the temples followers&nbsp;&nbsp;It has to prove such an issue. There is also an inscription on the outskirts of the city political action Darius (first) in the beginning Monarchy explains, the high significance reveals Harsin. &nbsp; &nbsp; Manuscript profile
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        212 - Prediction of Digital Governance in the Direction of Urban Smartness with Sustainability Approach (Case Study: Tehran)
        Bahram Parvin Ali Shayan Alireza Poorebrahimi Reza Radfar
        10.22094/jcr.2023.1987987.1304
        Manuscript profile
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        213 - Interpretative Structural Modeling for Assessing Incentives Identified in the Implementation of Green Supply Chain Management
        Mohamad Mirabi Zahra Delshad
        Green supply chain management activities can improve company reputation and customer satisfaction and Environment initiatives and resource efficiency, thereby improving the company's economic performance. Among the factors that influence the adoption of green supply cha More
        Green supply chain management activities can improve company reputation and customer satisfaction and Environment initiatives and resource efficiency, thereby improving the company's economic performance. Among the factors that influence the adoption of green supply chain management, external stimuli have more power than inter-organization. The improvement of the quality of goods and services, cost savings and increased efficiency in the manufacturing industry are known as powerful stimuli. In this research, firstly, by reviewing the theoretical issues, the main factors of the green supply chain drivers have been identified in one of the manufacturing industries and then, using the method of interpretive structural modeling, the relationships between the factors have been analyzed. The results of this study indicate that the identified factors can be classified into five levels based on the interpretive structural model, and the factor of international and state laws and regulations for the organization's commitment to the implementation of green supply chain management has been identified as the most influential factor. Having it can cause many other factors. Also, in terms of the degree of penetration and dependence, factors that are more important and at lower levels, most of them are located in an independent region with high penetration and low degree of dependency. Manuscript profile
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        214 - Designing a model of complexity drivers effective in evaluating the performance of complex Iranian government organizations
        ebrahim sahraee Naser Poursadegh Naser Hamidi Ali Mohtashami
        AbstractThe present study by identifying and determining the drivers of complexity affecting the performance of complex government organizations, the researcher designed a paradigm model of complexity drivers and defines complex government organizations. To achieve this More
        AbstractThe present study by identifying and determining the drivers of complexity affecting the performance of complex government organizations, the researcher designed a paradigm model of complexity drivers and defines complex government organizations. To achieve this, it conducts research using a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods. The researcher uses open source, axial and selective data method to analyze the interview data. To validate the initial model, the quantitative method "Content Validity Evaluation of CVR" has been used. After validation, 123 focal variables were identified in the form (causal conditions of 14 categories, phenomena 13, action / interaction 21, consequences 14, intervening conditions 39 and context 22 categories) with these drivers paradigm model of complexity drivers in evaluating the performance of organizations The Iranian government complex was designed. As can be seen in the research model, the focal categories of intervention conditions as drivers of legal complexity and the underlying categories of drivers as bedridden complexity drivers with the impact on the action / interaction and consequences of the model cause organizational performance complexity that should be evaluated. The performance of these organizations should be considered. Manuscript profile
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        215 - The Impact of Organizational Culture on the Capacity and Drivers of Defense Innovation
        Hossen Dehghani Podeh Amin Pashaei Holaso
        Defense innovations set of concepts, doctrine and operations that try to increase military effectiveness and include the capabilities and basic activities of an organization, association between the capabilities and military applications In order to cope with new challe More
        Defense innovations set of concepts, doctrine and operations that try to increase military effectiveness and include the capabilities and basic activities of an organization, association between the capabilities and military applications In order to cope with new challenges and adjusts the institution's mission is based on new capabilities. This research acknowledging the issue to evaluate the impact of organizational culture on defense capabilities and drivers of innovation is written using descriptive survey method. To achieve the above objective, there is a significant positive relationship between the components of Tuesday hypothesis corporate culture and drivers of innovation defense component of organizational culture and defensive innovation capacity components defensive drivers of innovation and innovation capacities defense development it has become. To investigate the hypothesis, we use a questionnaire consisting of 37 questions was used as a statistical sample of 90 people responded to the questions. The validity of the content validity, construct validity and reliability of the approved content by Cronbach's alpha test software SPSS, 995/0, respectively.Since the data in this study were normal, test them for analysis confirmatory factor analysis using LISREL software, the results are as follows: The components of organizational culture and drivers of innovation defense 93 percent; component of organizational culture and innovation defense capabilities 98 percent and components defensive drivers of innovation and innovation defense capabilities 96 percent positive and significant relationship exists. Manuscript profile
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        216 - Effect of Partial Replacement of Crushed Aggregate with Natural Sand on Mechanical and Rheological Properties of Self-Compacting Concrete
        Hamidreza Amini Jamal Ahmadi Behzad Saeedi Razavi Mehdi Babaei
        Manuscript profile
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        217 - Assessment of the Effects of Geological Formation on the Water Resources Quality in Arid and Semiarid Watersheds
        Naser Shamskia H. R. Payrovan
        Manuscript profile
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        218 - The role of environmental quality and intercultural characteristics of a place in place satisfaction in the axis of Karun river
        Behnaz Babaeimorad Farzaneh Hadafi Mahnaz Babaeimorad
        10.30495/jss.2021.1940369.1379
        This study aimed to determine the role of environmental quality variables and intercultural characteristics of a place in spatial satisfaction. The study was conducted in the coastal area of the Karun River in Ahvaz, which is both a residential-commercial and recreation More
        This study aimed to determine the role of environmental quality variables and intercultural characteristics of a place in spatial satisfaction. The study was conducted in the coastal area of the Karun River in Ahvaz, which is both a residential-commercial and recreational-tourist area. The research was conducted by survey method and the statistical population of the research consisted of the local residents over 20 years old and visitors to recreational sites along the Karun River. Face-to-face interviews were performed to collect the data and the participants (n =310) were selected systematically randomly. The environmental quality includes 6 dimensions of activity, physical qualities, ecology, health, safety and security. The intercultural characteristics consist of three dimensions of cultural symptoms, cultural interactions, and cultural attitudes. The place satisfaction has three dimensions, including sense of satisfaction, sense of happiness, and sense of calmness or importance.The results of confirmatory factor analysis showed that these dimensions can adequately measure the variables. Based on the findings, the respondents' mean scores of satisfaction and dimensions of environmental quality, intercultural characteristics, and spatial satisfaction were significantly low. The variables of environmental quality (coefficient of 0.11) and intercultural characteristics (coefficient of 0.24) had a positive and significant effect on place satisfaction. Manuscript profile
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        219 - Evaluation of vital drivers affecting the quality of urban life with a Futures studies approach in metropolitan areas of Iran (Case study: Tabriz metropolis)
        Farnaz Entesari Dariush Sattar Zadeh LIDA BALILAN AKBAR ABDOLAHZADEH TARAF
        10.30495/jss.2022.1946793.1418
        Improving the quality of life is one of the most important goals of different governments around the world. Quality of life studies can help identify problem areas, causes of public dissatisfaction, citizens' priorities in life, the impact of demographic social factors More
        Improving the quality of life is one of the most important goals of different governments around the world. Quality of life studies can help identify problem areas, causes of public dissatisfaction, citizens' priorities in life, the impact of demographic social factors on quality of life and monitoring and evaluating the effectiveness of quality strategies and policies in the field of quality of life. Contribute to the quality of life. In this regard, this article has been prepared with the aim of evaluating and discovering the vital factors and drivers affecting the quality of life in the city of Tabriz. The research method is applied in nature and is a descriptive-analytical research in terms of method. The work process consists of two basic stages of identifying and selecting effective criteria and discovering vital drivers among these indicators. In the first stage, using effective theoretical studies and using the Delphi method, effective indicators are identified and in the next stage, using Critical drivers affecting the quality of life in the city of Tabriz have been identified and discovered through structural analysis (cross-impact analysis) and using Mick Mac software. The research results show that among the 55 variables selected in the first stage; 18 variables (the most important of which are security, marginalization, air pollution, green and public spaces, public transportation, social and spatial justice, visual order and building density, etc.) play the most important role as vital drivers They were effective in the quality of life of Tabriz metropolis. Among these, the security index was selected as the most key index with a score of 1334. In general, the selected drivers are a combination of social, economic and physical indicators, but due to the special conditions of Tabriz metropolis, physical indicators plays a more colorful role among the drivers have. Manuscript profile
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        220 - Zoning pollution of Bahoush River using biodiversity of macrobenthos (Boushehr province)
        فرشاد قنبری عبدالرحیم پذیرا فاضل امیری سعید مغدانی محمد ساکی انتظامی
        The purpose of this study is to determine the diversity and the accumulation of macrobenthos of Bahoush River and assess the condition of water quality using Welch's index. Sampling was done in summer and winter seasons during 2012 year. Sediment sampling was done three More
        The purpose of this study is to determine the diversity and the accumulation of macrobenthos of Bahoush River and assess the condition of water quality using Welch's index. Sampling was done in summer and winter seasons during 2012 year. Sediment sampling was done three times for each station. Macrobenthos samples were collected using van veen grab with 0.025 cross-section, (they were fixed using 5% buffered formalin) so were counted and identified in the laboratory. Further, physicochemical parameters of water including temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), water salinity was measured at each station. The diversity index was examined using Shannon-Weiner formula. Dominant index was examined using Simpson formula. Species richness was examined using Margalof formula and water quality was assessed using Welch index. The identified samples were composed of 13 genus, 10 families and 3 classes. The most identified species in stations belongs to Caenidae, Lymnaeidae and Chironomidae families. The results of the study indicated that according to the identified samples and Welch index, water quality in Bahoush River was medium. Manuscript profile
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        221 - The role of spermatological characteristics on artificial propagation efficiency of immigrant kutum (Rutilus frisii kutum, Kameneskii 1901) to Sefidroud River
        S.Z Fallah Shamsi
        Abstract[1]Different factors such as the quality of ova and sperm are involved in propagation process. Mobility percentage, pH, mobility duration, compaction and osmolarity of sperm which affect the quality of sperm were tested in this research. This study was carried o More
        Abstract[1]Different factors such as the quality of ova and sperm are involved in propagation process. Mobility percentage, pH, mobility duration, compaction and osmolarity of sperm which affect the quality of sperm were tested in this research. This study was carried out in April 2011 in Shahid Ansari Bony Fishes Propagation and Rearing Center. According to the results, mean and standard deviation of ions in 3 and 4 years old fish were 329.6&plusmn;11.9 and 343.4&plusmn;11.9 osmolarity, 47.2&plusmn;7.4 and 44.5&plusmn;2.99 spermatocrit, 60.5&plusmn;12 and 66.3&plusmn;6.1 mobility duration, 80&plusmn;6.7 and 83.5&plusmn;3.9 mobility percentage, 17828750&plusmn;3199657.8 and 18000000&plusmn;2090454.5 compaction of sperm and 7.79&plusmn;0.51 and 7.61&plusmn;0.26 pH of sperm. The correlation between osmolality, mobility percentage, mobility duration and compaction of sperm with parameters of artificial propagation efficiency (fertilization percentage and hatching rate) was investigated positive, significant and direct. &nbsp;&nbsp;* Corresponding Authors; Email: zahra.falah52@yahoo.com Manuscript profile
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        222 - A study on the diet of Barbus luteus in the Dalaki and Helle Rivers
        A.R. Pazira S. Vatandost
        At the caught period 765 of Barbus luteus at the Dalaki and 891 at the Helle Rivers were caught, so alimentary tract of fishes were investigated. Maximum and minimum of total length of fish was 350 and 45 mm respectively. Ratio of intestine length to total length (RLG) More
        At the caught period 765 of Barbus luteus at the Dalaki and 891 at the Helle Rivers were caught, so alimentary tract of fishes were investigated. Maximum and minimum of total length of fish was 350 and 45 mm respectively. Ratio of intestine length to total length (RLG) was 4 for one year old and 2.2 for 5 years old. Ephemeroptera was the most frequent in food item in the Dalaki River but Barbus luteus prefer Plecoptera and Odonata in both Dalaki and Helle rivers. Results showed that this fish has omnivores diet. Biodiversity of macrobentose in the Dalaki River was more than Helle River and in the spring and summer was more than the other times. Manuscript profile
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        223 - Study of population ecology Macrobenthos River babol (Mazandaran)
        صابر وطن‌دوست عبدالرحیم وثوقی محمد قلیزاده مائده بابازاده
        This study was conducted to examine the population ecology macrobenthos Kelerud Rivers of Babol (Mazandaran province) during 2010-2011 seasons were sampled at six stations. Benthic invertebrates collected by the sampler little surber sampler were isolated in the laborat More
        This study was conducted to examine the population ecology macrobenthos Kelerud Rivers of Babol (Mazandaran province) during 2010-2011 seasons were sampled at six stations. Benthic invertebrates collected by the sampler little surber sampler were isolated in the laboratory using a loop. Macrobenthos simultaneous sampling, hydrologic variables were recorded at each station. Generally benthic river wide crotch strap end and creams containing 5 Class 8 orders and 12 families. In total, category 5 orders and six families with the most diverse groups of insects in the river macrobenthic accounted for, of which the Ephemeroptera (day of) the most diverse and Plecopte (Springs) had the lowest variability in macrobenthic Kelerud River. The greatest diversity and abundance of all identified families with an average of 103 samples and 89/20 % belonging to the genus Heptagenia diversity and abundance with an average minimum of 3 and 60 / 0 % belonging to the family Gammaridae. Manuscript profile
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        224 - A Study Diversity of Morphological Characters of Brown Trout (Salmo trutta fario) in Tajan River and Babolrud River in Mazandaran Province
        S. Vatandost Gh.H. Vosoghi Sh.A. Nezami A. Abdoli A. Matin far
        The study was conducted to determine suitable characters for separating brown trout (Salmo trutta fario) populations from Tajan River and Babolrud River in autumn 2006. Using electrofishing, one hundred two specimens were collected in two rivers (forty one from Shirinru More
        The study was conducted to determine suitable characters for separating brown trout (Salmo trutta fario) populations from Tajan River and Babolrud River in autumn 2006. Using electrofishing, one hundred two specimens were collected in two rivers (forty one from Shirinrud, thirty one from Ashekrud, thirty from Kelyareh). Twenty nine morphometric and seven meristic characters were analysed. Using PCA, the best separating characters of populations were determined. Among the morphometric characters, six factors accounted for about 79% of variation within individuals of the three populations including: head width, inter orbital length, predorsal length, pecto-ventral length, mandibular length, total length, head length , eye diameter , pectoral fin length, head depth, postdorsal length , post ventral length ,caudal peduncle length, post anal Length, Adipose fin length. In the case of meristic characters, three factors accounted for 60% of variation within populations including: anal fin ray, gill rackers, dorsal fin ray. The results showed that meristic characters are more important than morphometric characters in serparation of populations. Manuscript profile
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        225 - The report of Garra rufa on Zab River of west Azarbaijan and its importance in human health
        میریوسف یحیی زاده مسعود صیدگر صابر شیری ژاله علیزاده اوصالو
        The family Cyprinidae is the largest family of freshwater fishes of Iranian rivers originated from Meddle East Rivers. Garra rufa is one of nearly 100 species of Garra genus and is one of the smallest members of Cyprinidae. This study was carried out to determine the oc More
        The family Cyprinidae is the largest family of freshwater fishes of Iranian rivers originated from Meddle East Rivers. Garra rufa is one of nearly 100 species of Garra genus and is one of the smallest members of Cyprinidae. This study was carried out to determine the occurrence and identification of G. rufa in Zab river, West Azarbaijan of Iran during different seasons of the year 2010, capturing and sampling from different parts of Zab river using electro shocker and performing biometry. From 50 studied samples, the maximum, minimum and mean (&plusmn;SD) total length were 162, 37 and 114.9&plusmn;11.9 mm and the maximum, minimum and mean (&plusmn;SD) weight were 58.1, 0.6 and 25.74&plusmn;27.8g, respectively. The fish has health care value and it is important to maintain its stock reserves. Manuscript profile
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        226 - Survay the Coliform pollution in the Shafarood river of Guilan Province
        S. Khatib haghighi A. Ghane M. Nahrvar
        &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; In this survey, in order to study the Coliform pollution of Shafarud River, two layers from surface and sediment were sampled in five stations. Sampling was done seasonally during a year. The pollution b More
        &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; In this survey, in order to study the Coliform pollution of Shafarud River, two layers from surface and sediment were sampled in five stations. Sampling was done seasonally during a year. The pollution by standard diagnosis of Coliform was completely examined. The most pollution was found in sediment layer of delta area. Besides, the highest Coliform count was seen during summer amounting to (44.2) Coliform in 100 cm3 and Fecal Coliform (22.1) in 100 cm3 river water. In summer, due to the high temperature, growth of bacteria is more than ever and in the delta area, because of calm flowing of water and it is passing through the city and agricultural centers, and entering garbage into it, the amount of pollution has been apparently reached a high level in comparison with other parts of the rivers with rapid flowing of water. Manuscript profile
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        227 - Civil responsibility of the owner of a ground motor vehicle in Iranian law and the teachings of Islamic jurisprudence with a comparative approach in common law.
        mohammad sadegh hafezi ghahestani shokrollah nikvand abdol-ali mohammadi jozani
        10.22034/ijrj.2023.700471
        With emergence of vehicles, one of the essential needs of humankind was met and an important step was taken in the field of speeding up the transportation of people and goods. Along with all developments, the vehicle still has a special position in transportation, but a More
        With emergence of vehicles, one of the essential needs of humankind was met and an important step was taken in the field of speeding up the transportation of people and goods. Along with all developments, the vehicle still has a special position in transportation, but at the same time, the damages caused by vehicle accidents and its compensation are always considered in different countries so that the annual statistics of damages caused by vehicles are more than any other factors. Accordingly, the necessity of having regulations that easily guarantee the rights of the victim is felt more than before. The civil liability of the owner is always raised in emergence of the damages caused by these incidents. Contrary to Iranian law, except for the provisions of the Compulsory Insurance Law approved in 2016 that seems the responsibility of the owner is subject to the general rules of civil liability, the responsibility of the owner is determined in the laws of the common law countries in such a way that the damages caused by vehicles are compensated as much as possible. In addition to expressing the concept of the owner and his/her civil responsibility, the present paper deals with foundations and obstacles of civil liability and determining the person responsible for the damages caused by these devices, according to the relevant laws of the applicable countries and the evidences of Islamic jurisprudence. Manuscript profile
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        228 - Health assessment of heavy metals pollutions in some of imported and cultivated rice of Karoon River (Case study: Shadegan city)
        A. Skandari M. Mohammadi Rozbahani Kh. Payandeh
        10.30495/jfh.2019.669312
        Heavy metals are one of the most important pollutants that enter the soil in various ways and thus reach agricultural crops. The aim of this study was to determine the concentration of heavy metals in rice grown in farms of Karoon River (from Shadegan city) and to compa More
        Heavy metals are one of the most important pollutants that enter the soil in various ways and thus reach agricultural crops. The aim of this study was to determine the concentration of heavy metals in rice grown in farms of Karoon River (from Shadegan city) and to compare their risk assessment with Indian imported rices. To this end, four farms were studied in the village of Umme-Ghazlan (Ahvaz-Darkhovein), and the samples were taken during December 2017. Local soil and rice samples were collected from two points in each farm and three replications were used to determine the concentrations of heavy metals. A total of 24 cultivated rice samples together with 24 soil samples were obtained. Two samples of imported Indian rice, were also tested with 18 replications. The mean concentrations of heavy metals of lead, nickel, arsenic and cadmium in rice samples of downstream farms of Karoon River were 60.40, 28.05, 23.44 and 14.26 mg/Kg, respectively. The contamination levels in the case of imported rice samples were 57.77, 23.24, 15.79 and 9.76 mg/Kg dry weight, respectively. EDI values ​​of lead, cadmium, nickel and arsenic metals among the four tested farms were higher than imported rice. The highest index of EDI in imported rice was related to lead (90.70) and the lowest one was to cadmium (15.33). EDI values ​​of nickel and arsenic were in the second and third ranks. Among the farms, the lowest index of EDI (17.16) was related to cadmium (farm 1) and the highest level (98.31) was related to lead (farm 4). Based on the results, the risk of local rice samples were estimated higher than India's imported ones. Manuscript profile
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        229 - Effect of municipal and industrial wastewater effluents on the Chromium and Vanadium residues in muscle tissue of Cyprinionm acrostomum and Chondrostoma regium fish in Kermanshah Gharasou River (2013)
        مقداد Pirsaheb کیومرث Sharafi A. Dargahi اسماعیل Azizi طوبی Khosravi مهدی Ghayebzadeh
        &nbsp; &nbsp;Nowadays, the entrance of heavy metals in the aquatic environment is an important and also a global environmental concern due to the indiscriminate discharging of various industrial wastewaters, which cause accumulation of heavy metals in body of aquatic an More
        &nbsp; &nbsp;Nowadays, the entrance of heavy metals in the aquatic environment is an important and also a global environmental concern due to the indiscriminate discharging of various industrial wastewaters, which cause accumulation of heavy metals in body of aquatic animals including fishes. The present study aimed to evaluate the amount of Chromium and Vanadium in muscle tissue of Chondrostoma regium and Cyprinion macrostomum fish in Kermanshah Gharasou River in 2013. For sampling eight different places were chosen along the river and according to places of discharging municipal and industrial wastewaters. A total of 10 samples were collected from each place and all samples were analyzed for determination of Chromium and Vanadium metals using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Based on results, mean concentrations of Chromium and Vanadium in muscle tissue of investigating different species among all places were significantly different (P &lt;0.05). The minimum amount of Chromium and Vanadium content was observed at the 3 and 8 sampling stations; while the maximum quantity was determined at the 6 and 8 stations. Results revealed that mean content of Vanadium at the 3, 4, 5 and 6 station was significantly lower (P &lt;0.05) than the standard limit approved by WHO, however, at the other stations the Vanadium content was significantly higher (P &lt;0.05) than the WHO limit. The estimated Chromium quantity of all stations was higher than the FDA and WHO standards (P &lt;0.05). Comparing the results of the present study with findings of other researches and also existing standards (FDA and WHO) indicate high levels of Chromium and Vanadium residues in muscle tissue of fishes. High loads of Pollutants with different types of industrial and municipal wastewater in Kermanshah Gharasou River are the major cause of heavy metals residues. Therefore, it is crucial to apply practical approaches to reduce these pollutants in Gharasou River. Manuscript profile
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        230 - Determination of normal values of intervals and segments of the electrocardiogram in Khuzestan River Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis)
        Ali Reza Ghadrdan Mashhadi Haji hajikolaei M.R. S. Kamali A. Rezakhani R. Fatemi
        Electrocardiography is an important diagnostic technique in conjunction to cardiac problems, therefore its standardization is necessary among various livestock and also different breeds of a species because species differences can influence ECG parameters. Determination More
        Electrocardiography is an important diagnostic technique in conjunction to cardiac problems, therefore its standardization is necessary among various livestock and also different breeds of a species because species differences can influence ECG parameters. Determination of normal Intervals and segments of the electrocardiogram can help identify heart abnormalities especially arrhythmias. The present study was performed to determine normal duration of intervals and segments of the electrocardiogram on 100 apparently healthy river buffaloes. For this purpose the buffaloes were divided into male and female and according to dental formula to two age groups (less than 2.5 and more than 2.5 years of age). After taking the anamnesis and performing a clinical examination, the electrocardiogram was obtained based on base- apex lead system with lead II of the electrocardiograph, paper speed of 25mm/sec and sensitivity of 10 mv/min. Results showed that regardless of age and sex, the median and interquartile range of P-R, Q-T and R-R intervals and PR, ST and TP segments were 0.22&plusmn;0.03, 0.36&plusmn;0.04, 0.89&plusmn; 0.16, 0.12&plusmn; 0.02, 0.21&plusmn; 0.05 and 0.30&plusmn; 0.12 second respectively. Statistical tests showed that there is a significant difference in relation to the P-R interval and PR segment between the two sexes and also P-R, Q-T interval and PR segment in the two age groups (p&lt;0.05). It seems that factors such as breed, ecology and behavior of river buffalo can affect normal electrocardiographic wave parameters. Manuscript profile
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        231 - Survey on visceral parasites of Fahlian River’ fish, Nurabad Mamasani
        A.R. Golchin Manshadi saeed Malahi Mohamad Tarahomi
        Parasitic infections cause huge losses to the aquaculture industry by reducing production. Identification of parasites is necessary to prevent infections and parasitic diseases of fish.Theparasitic fauna of fishes in Fahlian River has not been determined yet. This study More
        Parasitic infections cause huge losses to the aquaculture industry by reducing production. Identification of parasites is necessary to prevent infections and parasitic diseases of fish.Theparasitic fauna of fishes in Fahlian River has not been determined yet. This study was carried out to identify parasites in selected cyprinid fish in Fahlian River of Mamasani, Fars Province. For this purpose, 85 cyprinid fish of 3 species including Alburnus mossulensis, Cyprinion macrostomum and Capoeta barroisi persica were caught from 3 stations of Fahlian River in 2014 and examined in terms of visceral parasites. A total of 4 parasitic species were isolated and identified, including 1 digenean trematode (Allocreadium sp.), 1 cestode (Bothriocephalus sp.) and 2 nematodes (Rhabochona sp. and Cuculanus sp.). The highest and lowest percentage of parasitic infestation was related to Allocreadium sp. and Bothriocephalussp. respectively. Also Capoeta barroisi persica and Cyprinion macrostomum demonstrated the highest and the lowest percentage of parasitic infection respectively. There was no significant relationship between infection of fish species and the infected organs. Based on the results of this study, all the studied fish (except Rhabochona sp. which was previously isolated from Cyprinion macrostomum) were introduced as new hosts of Allocreadium sp., Bothriocephalus sp., Rhabochona sp. and Cuculanus sp. in Iran. Manuscript profile
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        232 - َA survey on some physical, cellular and biochemical parameters values of pericardial fluid in River Buffalo of Khuzestan (Bubalus bubalis)
        Ali reza Ghadrdan Mashhadi Mahsa Lari baghal Gholam Hosein Khadjeh Mahdi Pourmahdi Boroujeni
        10.30495/jvcp.2022.1872821.1356
        The evaluation of the cardiovascular system is one of the important steps in animals' examination and a way to determine the health of this system. In the meantime, examination of pericardial fluid can greatly help to assess heart health. In this study, sampling was don More
        The evaluation of the cardiovascular system is one of the important steps in animals' examination and a way to determine the health of this system. In the meantime, examination of pericardial fluid can greatly help to assess heart health. In this study, sampling was done from 60 apparently healthy buffaloes slaughtered in Ahvaz abattoir. The pericardial fluid samples were examined for color, translucence, presence or absence of clots, as well as volume, specific gravity, cell count, and concentration of fibrinogen, protein, and glucose. In all cases, the pericardial fluid was straw- colored, crystal clear, and coagulated rapidly if collected in tubes without anticoagulant. Mean &plusmn; SE of volume, specific gravity and number of red and white blood cells of pericardium and also the concentration of fibrinogen, total protein and glucose were 37.4 &plusmn; 17.8 cc, 1021 &plusmn; 0.0004, 9000 &plusmn; 3000 cells/&micro;L, 3300 &plusmn; 160 cells/&micro;L, 146.9 &plusmn; 4.2 &micro;g/dL, 2.05 &plusmn; 0.07 g/dL and 100.9 &plusmn; 3.5 &micro;g/dL. Respectively. Also, the percentage of neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes and eosinophils of pericardial fluid were 52.2 &plusmn; 1.6%, 46.1 &plusmn; 1.7%, 1.3 &plusmn; 0.2% and 0.8 &plusmn; 0.2%, respectively. Based on the results, it seems that the pericardial fluid of Khuzestan river buffalo has characteristics similar to the peritoneal fluid of cattle. Also the similarity of some of these characteristics to the modified transudate is significant which should be taken into consideration in pericardiocentesis fluid analysis of buffaloes suspected to cardiac illness, especially pericardial diseases. Manuscript profile
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        233 - Identification of Components and Sub-Components Of Development Driver Patterns at Knowledge-Based Companies: The Case of Knowledge-Based Companies in The Southeast of Iran
        Niki Razazzadeh Tousi Mojtaba Bazrafshan Moghadam Nour Mohammad Yaghoubi Aleme Keykha Ebrahim Haddadi
        10.30495/qjopm.2021.1916780.3017
        The organizational theory has changed through a transmission from prior economies to knowledge-based economies which are currently considered as the most sustainable economies. Due to the basic role these companies in technological development and economic growth, it ha More
        The organizational theory has changed through a transmission from prior economies to knowledge-based economies which are currently considered as the most sustainable economies. Due to the basic role these companies in technological development and economic growth, it has become vitally important to maintain and develop them. The objective of the present study was therefore to scrutinize the components of development drivers at knowledge-based companies in the southeast of Iran using a phenomenological approach. Semi-structured and in-depth interviews were employed to collect the research data which were analyzed via Colaizzi's Phenomenological Method. The research population consisted of experts at universities and science parks, executive elites, and bureaucrats of the Iranian administrative system involved in policy-making from whom a purposive sample of 13 was selected and interviewed. The initial model of the development drivers of knowledge-based companies was thus extracted in two levels. Further, 41 subcomponents of the model were identified under 11 components. Then, the questionnaires were distributed among 107 managers of knowledge-based companies in southeast Iran during the quantitative phase of the research. The results of the confirmative factor analysis indicated that all components and subcomponents were verified Manuscript profile
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        234 - The effective drivers on successful implementation of enterprise resource planning system in manufacturing industries
        Hamed Heidari Reza Radfar Morteza Mousakhani
        Many of manufacturing organizations have known the benefits of implementing enterprise resource planning system. Yet, they have doubt about adopting the system due to its high cost, uncertainty, and risk. This study identifies the key factors for successful implementati More
        Many of manufacturing organizations have known the benefits of implementing enterprise resource planning system. Yet, they have doubt about adopting the system due to its high cost, uncertainty, and risk. This study identifies the key factors for successful implementation ofenterprise resource planning system in manufacturing industries and provides a model&nbsp; based on structural equation modeling after the obtaining the effective factors from the literature. The results of the study indicated that the effect of performance on perceived usefulness of enterprise resource planning system. The obtained results were analyzed through the least partial equations and some of the hypotheses have been confirmed. This research based on analysis offers recommendations for successful implementation of enterprise resource planning system. The success factors help the senior managers in manufacturing organization to make better decisions and improve their business value through effective enterprise resource planning system. Manuscript profile
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        235 - The Role of Control Source and Risk Perception in Predicting Driving Behavior of Young Taxi Drivers in Karaj
        Farzaneh Momeni Rajabali Mohammadzadeh Admolaee Jamal Sadeghi
        Manuscript profile
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        236 - Review and design the biophilic city inspired by the urban river ‎ (Case study of the city of Dezful)‎
        Elias Mavedat MILAD valipoor
        Biophilic refers to the idea that humans are inseparably limited and drawn to nature. In order to &lrm;function properly, we need to connect with other living things. A biophilic city is a city that integrates &lrm;natural features into its designs. Such places provide More
        Biophilic refers to the idea that humans are inseparably limited and drawn to nature. In order to &lrm;function properly, we need to connect with other living things. A biophilic city is a city that integrates &lrm;natural features into its designs. Such places provide citizens with a variety of opportunities to interact &lrm;and experience nature in their daily lives, whether it is a conscious choice to go to a greenhouse or a &lrm;park, or just passing by a building with ivy in the center. And they experience it literally. In &lrm;the present study, analytical-descriptive method has been used to achieve the goals and answer the &lrm;research questions. In order to conduct this research, in two documentary and field methods, &lrm;information has been prepared, analyzed and combined. In that city, the biophilic is examined at three &lrm;levels of building, neighborhood and city. The components of green space, urban farms and water-&lrm;sensitive features are examined. And based on two biophilic approaches (direct and indirect use of &lrm;nature) and according to the research findings, we come to the important dimensions of the city and &lrm;the design elements of the biophilic city. The river and water resources have been reached and based &lrm;on them, a proposal has been proposed for the revitalization and development of the biophilic city of &lrm;Dezful.&lrm; Manuscript profile
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        237 - Planning development drivers in urban Regeneration (In the study Gortan Neighborhood of Isfahan)
        Saba MohamadAlizade Hamid Saberi
        The purpose of this research is to plan the development drivers in urban regeneration at the level of the Gortan neighborhood with a developmental-applicative approach and in terms of research methodology, descriptive-analytical based on library and field studies.To ide More
        The purpose of this research is to plan the development drivers in urban regeneration at the level of the Gortan neighborhood with a developmental-applicative approach and in terms of research methodology, descriptive-analytical based on library and field studies.To identify the main explanatory conceptual indicators of regeneration and urban development drivers, a targeted documentary method was used.The sample population is all the residents over15years of age of the Gortan neighborhood(2917),who was selected as the sample size by using a random method.The current research uses statistical methods such as one-way analysis of variance, one-sample T, regression analysis, independent two-group T, and structural equations through Smart PLS software; It has analyzed and evaluated regeneration components in four dimensions (sociocultural, physical, economic, and environmental) and development drivers in three scales (large, medium and small). The results showed the effective dimensions in regeneration and the dimensions of the development in the Gortan neighborhood; Firstly, the physical dimension (6.220) ranks, secondly, the economic dimension (5.134) ranks, and thirdly, the environmental dimension (2.862) ranks. In addition, the general variable of development drivers 3. affects the variable of urban regeneration. The results show according to the intermingling of the components and indicators of development-stimulating projects (R=0.545),its role in various aspects and dimensions of urban regeneration in the Gortan neighborhood is undeniable and medium-scale development-stimulating projects (Beta=0.482)play a greater role in the regeneration of Gortan neighborhood. Also, the importance of participatory planning in strengthening development drivers in the Gortan neighborhood was confirmed after conducting in-depth interviews with experts. Manuscript profile
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        238 - forehead condition of the polar front in relation to the cold season on Iran
        dareush sepadeh - Bromand Salahi Bohlool Alijani Batool Zinali
        Abstract In this research, the seasonal behavior of polar jet streem has been identified based on the cold season (autumn and winter) on Iran. General analysis of jet streem process based on what is mentioned in the methods section was done in order to find the behavior More
        Abstract In this research, the seasonal behavior of polar jet streem has been identified based on the cold season (autumn and winter) on Iran. General analysis of jet streem process based on what is mentioned in the methods section was done in order to find the behavior patterns of jet streem in GRADS software environment . The results of the analysis indicate the existence of two main medium nuclei, one above Europe and a wider nucleus over North Africa and Saudi Arabia. The prevalence of nuclei in Europe has been higher than in North Africa. In autumn, the incidence of North African nuclei was about 30% lower than in Europe, and in winter the frequency of both nuclei was similar. The core of the polar jet streem in the two seasons, is located approximately 35 degrees north latitude. According to the information obtained from the average speed maps in autumn and winter, it seems that the speed change has been more than before. Manuscript profile
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        239 - Discharge Estimates and Paleofloods of the stag Sirvan river with using geomorphological evidence and torrential
        Mohammadhosein Rezaei moghadam Mohammad Reza Nikjo Davod Mokhtari Saied Reza HosinZadeh Hesam Maleki
        The outbreak of the&nbsp;severe&nbsp;floods, one&nbsp;of the most important hazards&nbsp;hydro&nbsp;-&nbsp;Geomorphic&nbsp;is the Sirvan River&nbsp;catchment. Sirvan&nbsp;River&nbsp;as one&nbsp;of the most significant&nbsp;rivers&nbsp;is&nbsp;located in&nbsp;the west. D More
        The outbreak of the&nbsp;severe&nbsp;floods, one&nbsp;of the most important hazards&nbsp;hydro&nbsp;-&nbsp;Geomorphic&nbsp;is the Sirvan River&nbsp;catchment. Sirvan&nbsp;River&nbsp;as one&nbsp;of the most significant&nbsp;rivers&nbsp;is&nbsp;located in&nbsp;the west. During the last half century, especially in the spring severely flooded and many local experts melted snow and rain cause flooding intensifies over the day. To review the issue better flood data longer needed in this paper, using geomorphological data and flood reconstruction has been flooding. For the purposes of this paper, using satellite images stagnant water deposits and geomorphological evidences flood potential sites were identified. The river was divided into three periods, and the exact field visits to sites of stagnant water deposits on the sediment stratigraphy analysis was. With the mapping, map 1: 1000 area of study were produced and a total of 48 Section in three intervals, drawn and flood discharge was reconstructed in different periods. Software HEC-RAS, GIS was used to draw schematics and hydraulic analyzes. The maximum flood discharge for a period of 2 years, 103.66 and 4785.78 cubic meters per second for 1000-year period has been estimated as. Palangan in the first period, water level in the 2-year period, 1005.36 m 989.57 m and for the period of 1000 years. And the second period, Dalamarz border, for a period of 2 years, 868.42 m and for the period of 1000 years of 885.91 m. The third open Rodbar, water level in the 2-year period, 790.17 meters and 830.42 meters respectively for a period of 1000 years. Estimated maximum instantaneous flow old river floods showed that large floods is not unexpected. The results showed that using the Paleo stage indicator of PSI, the large floods (Discharge maximum) in the river channel using hydraulic model HEC-RAS and HEC-GEO-RAS estimated Software included and explained Manuscript profile
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        240 - Environmental Assessment And Zoning Fit Parameters For The Physical Development Of Cities (Case Study: City Of Miandoab)
        Esmaeil Nasiri Hendeh Khaleh Rahim Sarvar Ali Ahmadi
        Environmental Research And Talent Development Programs Necessary Powers Avoidance Is Inevitable. The Environmental Assessment As a Key Component In Development Plans And Land Use Planning Powers Is, In This Study The Environment Of The Basin Zarineh To Assess The Approp More
        Environmental Research And Talent Development Programs Necessary Powers Avoidance Is Inevitable. The Environmental Assessment As a Key Component In Development Plans And Land Use Planning Powers Is, In This Study The Environment Of The Basin Zarineh To Assess The Appropriateness Of Zoning and Environmental Parameters For The Physical Development Of The City Mentioned Is Evaluated. Sect City Of Miandoab In Terms Of Sustainable Urban Development, The Elements And Environmental Factors Such As Altitude, Soil, Slope, Climate, Temperature, Precipitation, etc. As Indicators Of The Physical Development Of The City Is a County-Prone But Terms Environmental Development Of The City In All Its Parts Is Not Possible. The City Is Mentioned Both In The Country And Economic Developments In Other Sectors Have Been Affected And, In The Process Of Physical Development Compared To Other Parts Of The City Even More. The Method Of Collecting Information On The Library, Documentation And Development Of Applied Research And To Analyze Spatial Data Analysis Software From Geographic Information Systems GIS Have Been Used Data Analysis And Weighted Layer Parameters Such As Slope, Fault, Drainage Networks, Communication Networks, And Distance Of The City's Land Use, Elevation And Using Software To Locate The Export Choice We Have. The Findings Show That The Areas North And East Of The City Mentioned For Balanced And Sustainable Growth And Development Is Quite Appropriate And Inappropriate Urban Development Zones In The South East And East And West Zones To The Extent Appropriate And North West, South West, Are Suitable Manuscript profile
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        241 - Flood Risk Zonation Using Compilation CN Model and AHP Via GIS (Case Study: River Basin Balekhlo)
        Ezzat allah Ghanavati Amir Safari Ebrahim Beheshti Javid Esmaeil Mansourian
        In this research the runoff coefficient and effective elements that affect the floods risk of Balekhlo basin were estimated and studied. In this area (Balekhlo River basin) to estimate the amount of runoff the curve number method (CN) were used. This method is the most More
        In this research the runoff coefficient and effective elements that affect the floods risk of Balekhlo basin were estimated and studied. In this area (Balekhlo River basin) to estimate the amount of runoff the curve number method (CN) were used. This method is the most common method to predict runoff volume. For this purpose, the data and information required includes: the maximum daily rainfall statistics, maps Density of vegetation, soil and Hydrologic Soil Groups were prepared and entered into Geographic Information System (GIS) environment. Combining these data with the model (SCS), maps (CN) basin, the amount of precipitation (S) and runoff (Q) was prepared. Finally, the hierarchical analytical process was used and six factors include: runoff, hydrological soil groups, slope, vegetation density, land use and drainage density were weighted using AHP method. Finally, the zonation map of flood potential produced with different return periods (5, 15, 25 and 50 years) by weighed layers. Results showed that about 40 to 47 percent of watershed areas, during periods of 5 to 50 years have moderate flooding potential. Manuscript profile
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        242 - Tectonic Effect on morphometric and sorting sediments In Gheshlagh River
        Hadi Nayyeri Khabat Amani Akhtar Amani
        Tectonic activity in crushed stone is effective and often lead to changes in morphometry and river deposits are sorted. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect on active tectonics and faults and sorted sediment barriers between theGheshlaghdam and Zhavh dam usin More
        Tectonic activity in crushed stone is effective and often lead to changes in morphometry and river deposits are sorted. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect on active tectonics and faults and sorted sediment barriers between theGheshlaghdam and Zhavh dam using descriptive and analytical. In order to achieve the objectives of the first field studies and tools such as topographic maps of 1: 25,000 geological map of 1: 100,000 and reports were available. Methods In this way, at the intersection of faults and river sediment samples were collected. After drying sample, the shaker set in seven scale and position and dispersion measures were calculated for each sample. The results show that an increase in the slope of the ground faults and increase power and speed of the water as a result of the selective transport of sediment particles and a sharpdecline is sorted. Manuscript profile
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        243 - Investigation of synoptic aspects of severe floods in Aras river basin by using moisture flux convergence, fronting and divergence indices
        Mahdi Sedaghat Hasan Haji Mohammadi Narges Naseri
        Flooding is a phenomenon that most climatic regions experience. Floods often cause problems such as; Soil erosion, sediment accumulation and loss of life and property. Therefore, flood climatology plays an important role in reducing and preventing possible environmental More
        Flooding is a phenomenon that most climatic regions experience. Floods often cause problems such as; Soil erosion, sediment accumulation and loss of life and property. Therefore, flood climatology plays an important role in reducing and preventing possible environmental damage. For study the synoptic climatology of floods in Aras river basin, daily data of 9 hydrometric stations and 6 synoptic stations during 1979-2014 have been used. Data on geopotential elevation, sea level pressure, specific humidity, omega index and Zonal (Meridional) wind components were also obtained from the US National Centers for Environmental Prediction/ Atmospheric Research. After reviewing the monthly and seasonal regime of the river and identifying the flood days, severe floods with discharge more than 700 m3/s in Khodaafarin hydrometer station were determined. In order to analyze the synoptic patterns of severe floods in Aras basin from the indicators; Moisture flux convergence function, fronting function and divergence function have been used. The results showed that during 4 severe floods in the region some atmospheric phenomena such as; a deep trough on the Black Sea, the Red Sea and the Persian Gulf and a cut off low on the west of the Caspian Sea at 500 hPa level in the region has been formed. At sea level, the formation of high pressure on the Caspian Sea and low pressure on Iraq and western Iran has caused the pattern of pressure changes in the region to increase and provide conditions for climbing. Applying the moisture flux convergence function showed that the source of moisture for these floods was mainly the Caspian Sea. Manuscript profile
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        244 - Trend Changes Analysis of the Water Quality in the Talar River Watershed Using the Man-Kendall (MK) Test
        zahra sohrabizadeh Ehsan Sharifi Moghadam Mohammad Ali Hakimzadeh
        One of the most important subjects in hydrology science is the water quality of the rivers, because of major hydrology activities for water supply in agriculture, drinking and, industry. The water quality index is one of the most widely used indicators for the classific More
        One of the most important subjects in hydrology science is the water quality of the rivers, because of major hydrology activities for water supply in agriculture, drinking and, industry. The water quality index is one of the most widely used indicators for the classification of surface water quality. Therefore, the present study has been the analysis of long-term changes in the Talar Watershed using indicators of Na, SO4, and TDS and also the trend of these indices using non-parametric Man-Kendall test. Three stations with statistics were selected at the Talar watershed during the period from 1348 to 1392 and applied the Man-Kendall test on their annual and seasonal data. The results of this study indicate a significant uptrend in annual and seasonal Na and TDS amounts, but the SO4 trend has been a significant uptrend only in the annual and the spring data and in other seasons it has been non-significant uptrend at a 95% confidence level. The quality of water samples according to the Schoeller diagram is optimal for Na and SO4 indices and to the extent permitted for the TDS index.The cause of water pollution in the Talar river and the additive and the upward trend of these indicators may be due to increased human intervention and agricultural around the river, as well as the entry of domestic and industrial wastewater to the river which will make the river ecosystem be at risk and destroyed. Manuscript profile
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        245 - Channel bed unsteady analysis using critical shear stress and critical unit discharge (Case Study: Rivers Galali, Kurdistan)
        میلاد رستمی Mohammad Mehdi Hosainzade
        One of the key issues of erosion and stability of the river is the beginning the movement of sediment particles. Flow that will start moving particle, called the critical flow. The initial move threshold sediment particles has been investigated in several different meth More
        One of the key issues of erosion and stability of the river is the beginning the movement of sediment particles. Flow that will start moving particle, called the critical flow. The initial move threshold sediment particles has been investigated in several different methods, most important of which are the average critical velocity, critical shear stress and critical unit discharge. To investigate the stability of the Galali river bed sediments in the according to river conditions used the critical shear stress and critical unit discharge methods. To determine initial move threshold sediment particles in the bed of the river were two cross-section of the river, two cross-section conditions were assessed. After that, the critical shear stress and critical unit discharge for four particle size D16, D50, D84 and D95 in each cross-section was calculated, and showed that in cross-section (1,2) in the bankfull discharge conditions all particles with sizes D16, D50, D84 and D95 begin to moving, and so in the bankfull discharge, sediment conditions will generally change. In cross-section (3) particles with a diameter D95 and the more it will be remain stable in the river bed, and other smaller particles of this size are starting to move. Due to further slope of the bed and width less active channel in the cross-section (1,2) has caused that all particles are unstable. Finally, the results from both methods were highly concordant, and this confirms that the use of these methods for stabilizes studies and sediment yield of river are appropriate. Manuscript profile
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        246 - Assessment of water poverty index in part of Karoon River catchment area
        Mohammadreza Goodarzi Faeze mankavi
        The purpose of this study was to investigate water stress in the upper part of the basin of the Karoon River basin for analyzing the water status of the area. After data collection, the amount of water poverty index according to the criteria of resources, access, costs, More
        The purpose of this study was to investigate water stress in the upper part of the basin of the Karoon River basin for analyzing the water status of the area. After data collection, the amount of water poverty index according to the criteria of resources, access, costs, environment and social capacity - economy the was calculated for the upper part of the basin of the Karoon River Basin. After calculating each of the indicators of the Poverty Index, it can be stated that the range of changes in the water poverty index in the studied basin is between 6.6 and 18.2, with the lowest 6.6 points for the environment and the highest score of 18.2 is related to access, the higher the score obtained from each criterion, the better the better the benchmark, which leads to an increase in the value of the poverty indicator and finally indicates that the poverty of the water in that basin is less than Be In general, the water poverty index for the catchment area was 67.65, which is based on the classification of the Oceanographic and Hydrological Center of Wallingford in terms of low water poverty in the range of low to moderate water poverty. According to surveys, the Water Poverty Index can be used as an effective tool in water resource management and a comprehensive water use program to achieve sustainable development goals. Manuscript profile
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        247 - River floor instability analysis using critical shear stress and discharge critical unit (Galali river case study, Qorve, Kurdistan)
        Mohammad Mehdi Hoseinzadeh Milad Rostami
        One of the key issues of erosion and stability of the river is the beginning the movement of sediment particles. River sediment yield caused water turbidity, nutrients and pollution problems of water, buried in the water diversion facilities as well as filling the water More
        One of the key issues of erosion and stability of the river is the beginning the movement of sediment particles. River sediment yield caused water turbidity, nutrients and pollution problems of water, buried in the water diversion facilities as well as filling the water storage lakes. Flow that will start moving particle, called the critical flow. The initial move threshold sediment particles has been investigated in several different methods, most important of which are the average critical velocity, critical shear stress and critical unit discharge. To investigate the stability of the Galali river bed sediments in the city of Qorveh, according to river conditions used the critical shear stress and critical unit discharge methods. To determine initial move threshold sediment particles in the bed of the river were two cross-section of the river, two cross-section conditions were assessed. After that, the critical shear stress and critical unit discharge for four particle size D16, D50, D84 and D95 in each cross-section was calculated, and showed that in cross-section (1,2) in the bankfull discharge conditions all particles with sizes D16, D50, D84 and D95 begin to moving, and so in the bankfull discharge, sediment conditions will generally change. In cross-section (3) particles with a diameter D95 and the more it will be remain stable in the river bed, and other smaller particles of this size are starting to move. Due to further slope of the bed and width less active channel in the cross-section (1,2) has caused that all particles are unstable. Finally, the results from both methods were highly concordant, and this confirms that the use of these methods for stabilizes studies and sediment yield of river are appropriate.&nbsp; Manuscript profile
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        248 - The Feasibility of Capabilities of Karoon River in Establishing and Deploying Leisure-Time Places and Water Sports in Ahvaz
        Mohammad Mohammadnzhad Abbas MalekHoseini
        Some cities have different roles due to their geographical and natural location and trough the formation of rivers. In some cities, such as Ahvaz, since ancient times, with the construction of a dam on the Karun River, the transfer of water for agricultural purposes, dr More
        Some cities have different roles due to their geographical and natural location and trough the formation of rivers. In some cities, such as Ahvaz, since ancient times, with the construction of a dam on the Karun River, the transfer of water for agricultural purposes, drinking, mills and transportation of commercial goods of citizens have been common. The purpose this research is to study the current situation and feasibility study of the potentials and capabilities of spatial, economic, recreational and services appropriate to the population adjacent to Karoon river in Ahvaz. The method of this research is analytical and descriptive and the necessary data were collected through observation, interview, questionnaire and also using documents such as map, statistics, book, article, report. &nbsp;The random sampling method was applied in five municipal districts adjacent to Karoon and two environments, namely, educational and academic ones, were selected to achieve the results of the study. The results of the study showed that in spite of the lack of preparation near Karoon river, the existing potentials and capabilities of the city have not been appropriately tapped. Manuscript profile
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        249 - Evaluation of Urban Regeneration Scenarios in old Urban Fabrics (A Case of the Eighth District of Tabriz)
        seyamak safori basher beygbabaee parviz noorozy
        Based on the findings of this study, out of the 27 identified factors that contribute to fabric regeneration in Tabriz's Eighth District, nine factors were selected as critical drivers for screening. Among the scenarios, strong scenarios were selected as desirable ones. More
        Based on the findings of this study, out of the 27 identified factors that contribute to fabric regeneration in Tabriz's Eighth District, nine factors were selected as critical drivers for screening. Among the scenarios, strong scenarios were selected as desirable ones. Among the strong scenarios, the first, second, third, and fourth ones were identified as the most favorable scenarios due to the high degree of utility. The results show that improvement of indices: managerial factors, tourism development, restoration of monuments and traffic management are necessary for the recreation of Tabriz's Eighth District because these indices are on the verge of becoming a crisis and thus the continuation of this process impedes favorable regeneration in the Tabriz&rsquo;s Eighth District. &nbsp; Manuscript profile
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        250 - Investigating the Effects of Urbanization of Qarahsoo River on Kermanshah Using SWOT Model
        siroos rezaee bijan Rahmani
        Inner-city rivers are acknowledged as environmental assets for cities, actively contributing to the provision of environmental resources, biodiversity, and environmental vitality. This research focuses on assessing the impact of urbanization on the Qarasu river system. More
        Inner-city rivers are acknowledged as environmental assets for cities, actively contributing to the provision of environmental resources, biodiversity, and environmental vitality. This research focuses on assessing the impact of urbanization on the Qarasu river system. Specifically, it investigates the effects of human activities and the expanding urban footprint on the drainage pattern, alterations in the river channel, and associated geomorphological risks in the city of Kermanshah. By employing the chi-square test across two main time frames and five sub-frames, the study delves into the consequences of urbanization on the Qara-Su River over four decades. The research results underscore a significant relationship between changes in the width of the Qara-Su river channel, as swiftly evaluated through geomorphic analysis, and the land use in the surrounding areas. Manuscript profile
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        251 - Analysis of meander evolution of Dez River in agricultural and mountainous areas by Google Earth Engine (GEE) and GIS
        Ladan Khedri Gharibvand
        10.30495/jonass.2022.1955561.1037
        Manuscript profile
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        252 - A Framework for Identifying and Analyzing Drivers Affecting the Futures of Cryptocurrency FinTechs in Iran with Fuzzy Delphi and Fuzzy Dematel
        Mohammad Hasan Maleki Mohammad Javad Zare Bahnamiri Iman Dadashi
        10.30495/fomj.2023.1987397.1084
        Manuscript profile
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        253 - Explaining and Analysis of the Hydro-politic Disputes in Central Asia Region
        Seyed Hadi Zarghani Hadi Azami Reyhaneh Salehabadi
        Abstract: The borders of many countries of the world are in the shape of waterways and rivers and unlike the land borders river water borders due to their complexity are creating more tension and crisis among the states. Many observers call the twenty first century as t More
        Abstract: The borders of many countries of the world are in the shape of waterways and rivers and unlike the land borders river water borders due to their complexity are creating more tension and crisis among the states. Many observers call the twenty first century as the hydro-politic era. It is due to the fact that shortage of water resources will lead to numerous conflicts and war among different countries. The climate change, occurrence of long period of drought, expansion of development plan in agriculture and industry in border areas, the increase in urban population are among the most important factors leading to intensification of disputes on border rivers. In Central Asia region, the flow of two important rivers of Amu Darya and Syrdarya along with their sub-branches have created several problems and challenges among the five countries region. In fact after the disintegration of Soviet Union the countries of Central Asia region inherited the wrong management regime of the water resources. The present article with a descriptive-analytical method wants to study the hydro-politic disputes of the countries of Amu Darya and Syr Darya basin and attempt to analyze the most important grounds and causes of the intensification of the conflict on common rivers. The finding of the study shows the divergent interest of the countries located on upstream and downstream and improper management of the problem, construction of several dams, climate changes, intervention of the regional and extra-regional powers, are among the important causes of differences on common water resources. Manuscript profile
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        254 - Calculation of Sediment Entering a Karoon River Using GSTARS 3
        Zahra Shojaeian Hamidreza KHodabakhshi
        Sediments transported by water flow, an important factor in the formation of the geometrical structure and morphology of rivers considered. In this paper, the process of sedimentation Karun river was simulated using the Gstars3 software in the range of Ahvaz hydrometric More
        Sediments transported by water flow, an important factor in the formation of the geometrical structure and morphology of rivers considered. In this paper, the process of sedimentation Karun river was simulated using the Gstars3 software in the range of Ahvaz hydrometric stations to Farsiat a length of about 50 km. The purpose of this study was to select a suitable mathematical model for estimating the sediment transport rate in a way that is able to simulate accurately in the river. Calibration of sedimentary depositional model shows that for the the range the relationship Ackers- White (1973) and (1990) fitted to existing conditions are Karun River. Also sedimentation volume of hydrometric stations in Ahvaz and Farsiat 18.25 and 16.65 million cubic meters per year respectively was estimated. This indicates that the area is strongly depositing. Manuscript profile
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        255 - Generalization of a Sediment Transport Formula Incorporating River Hydraulic Conditions-Karun River
        Mohammad Nasr Esfahani Hasan Torabi Poudeh
        Estimation of the sediment loads in a stream flow is one of the well-discussed topics in the sediment hydraulics literature. In almost the entire river engineering projects addressing issues such as river morphology, river bed changes, estimation of the annual sediment More
        Estimation of the sediment loads in a stream flow is one of the well-discussed topics in the sediment hydraulics literature. In almost the entire river engineering projects addressing issues such as river morphology, river bed changes, estimation of the annual sediment deposition at the river intakes, banks protection, dredging of the water channels, etc are of prime importance. The amount of sediment transported through a river cross-section may be under a mix of various influences from flow depths and widths, energy slope, temperature and fluid characteristics, flow turbulence and a wide range of their sizes, forms, densities, sediment particle concentrations, and other physical and hydraulic properties. The variety of formulae applied in sediment transport and estimation calculations also the paucity of information and data on the performance of such formulae makes the selection of the suitable ones for different specific conditions an extremely difficult task. Any choice in this regard should incorporate the evaluation and analysis of river hydraulics. In the present paper, several sediment estimation formulae examined for Greater Karun River along Mollasani-Farsiat reach with the purpose of proposing the best sediment transport relation to be applied in later researches. Results showed flow-based energy-based methods are better suited for the Karoon River. Manuscript profile
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        256 - Karun River Water Quality Assessment Using GIS Software
        Moslem Kianpoor barjooi raki Ehsan Drikvand
        Among surface water sources, rivers have a greater potential for pollution due to their long length and passage through various urban and industrial areas. Monitoring and control of surface water for its various uses is necessary and essential in order to make high qual More
        Among surface water sources, rivers have a greater potential for pollution due to their long length and passage through various urban and industrial areas. Monitoring and control of surface water for its various uses is necessary and essential in order to make high quality water available to consumers for various uses. The main purpose of this study is the qualitative zoning of Karun River in the range of Shahid Abbaspour Dam to Ahvaz. In this study, using nine quality measuring stations, changes in water quality of Karun River in the period of 12/1396 to 06/1397 were investigated. Then the quality for agricultural consumption was determined using the Wilcox index. Then, with Chemistry software, the quality for industrial consumption and based on the total hardness was also evaluated. The results showed that, in the period of 12/13/2017 to 06/06/1397, the stations of Mollasani, Ahvaz, Valiabad and Indika Tang Dolab with very salty quality - were unsuitable for agriculture and the rest of the stations were in the appropriate category. For industrial use, the stations of Shahid Abbaspour Dam Lake and Shahid Abbaspour Dam spring have water corrosive quality, the other stations have sediment quality. Quality assessment based on total hardness, Shahid Abbaspour Dam Lake, Gotvand and Cheshmeh stations of Shahid Abbaspour Dam have hard water quality and other stations have very hard quality. The amount of BOD parameter in March 2017, all stations in the region are in good condition. Manuscript profile
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        257 - Evaluation of water quality changes in Karun river for drinking
        Moslem Kianpoor barjooi raki Ehsan Drikvand
        Karun River is the most watery and longest river in the country, which has a strategic position in the western and southwestern regions of Iran due to the existence of numerous industrial centers and agricultural lands and large cities on its shores, and optimal monitor More
        Karun River is the most watery and longest river in the country, which has a strategic position in the western and southwestern regions of Iran due to the existence of numerous industrial centers and agricultural lands and large cities on its shores, and optimal monitoring of water quality is a national necessity. For this purpose, in the present study, the quality of this river was investigated using chemical parameters, TDS TH, So4, CL, Ca, HCO3 Na, and Mg in nine quality measuring stations of water quality changes in Karun river in the period 12/13/2017 to 06/06/2017. . Then, by IDW method, the chemical zoning of water chemical parameters was determined and according to water quality control indicators such as Schuler index, the quality of each of them was determined for drinking consumption. According to Schuler diagram divisions, the quality of Shahid Abbaspour Dam station has changed from acceptable to excellent during this period. Tang Dolab has turned from a completely unsuitable range into non-drinkable. In fact, the decrease in the amount of water in September has caused an increase in solutes in Tang Dolab and Vali Abad stations. Manuscript profile
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        258 - Evaluation of water quality of Karun River for agricultural water supply using AHP model
        Hamed Abdolhi arpanahi Hossein Eslami
        Surface water is one of the main sources of agricultural water supply. Therefore, understanding and understanding of the water quality of rivers and their zoning based on the quantity of different elements will help us to make management decisions and reduce water pollu More
        Surface water is one of the main sources of agricultural water supply. Therefore, understanding and understanding of the water quality of rivers and their zoning based on the quantity of different elements will help us to make management decisions and reduce water pollution. The purpose of this research is qualitative zoning of Karun River in Khuzestan province in Masjed Soleiman to Ahvaz using fuzzy logic and hierarchical analysis (FAHP). For this purpose, qualitative parameters including: chloride (CL), sodium sorption ratio (SAR), electrical conductivity (EC), sodium (Na), and total dissolved solids (TDS) were used in November 1977. Qualitative parameters were first zoned using IDW interpolation method. Then, each of the obtained maps were fuzzy incremental linear membership function. Then, by preparing a questionnaire, paired comparisons between parameters based on the role of these parameters in determining water quality for agricultural consumption and based on AHP method, weight coefficients of each parameter were obtained. Came. Multiplying the weighting coefficients in the fuzzy layers and combining them, obtained a zoning map for agricultural use. The results show that the Gotvand, Arab Asad, Shahid Abbaspour and Gargar Shushtar stations are very suitable for agricultural use. Ahwaz and Malasani stations were located in a suitable area for agricultural use and Valiabad and Tang Dolab stations were located in a very unsuitable location for agricultural use. Manuscript profile
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        259 - Investigation of cadmium element changes in different waters affected by Sarcheshmeh copper mine
        shahin Aghamirzadeh fatemeh ganjei zadeh rouhani hamzah saeediyan Kamran Ganjeizadeh
        Considering the origin of heavy metals, mines and their extraction and their sewage can play an important role in polluting the environment by these elements. In this study, water pollution in the Shour River, some wells and aqueducts were investigated and changes in ca More
        Considering the origin of heavy metals, mines and their extraction and their sewage can play an important role in polluting the environment by these elements. In this study, water pollution in the Shour River, some wells and aqueducts were investigated and changes in cadmium element in surface and groundwater of the region were investigated. Then, statistical comparison and preparation of preliminary maps and distribution maps of cadmium contamination were compared in Shour River water, several aqueducts and wells in the watershed of the river were in two seasons of high water and low water. Statistical comparison of river, well and aqueduct water samples was performed in wet and dry seasons using t-test method. The results showed that due to the high amount of cadmium in surface and underground waters of Sarcheshmeh watershed, therefore, not all of these waters are suitable for drinking and considering that cadmium is a toxic, hazardous and carcinogenic metal in the environment, it can pose irreparable risks to human health and even livestock. Manuscript profile
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        260 - Analysis of Iranian water diplomacy in the Tigris-Euphrates-Mesopotamia catchment
        Mohammad Sadegh Sadeghian Milad Baripour mojtaba ansarian hooman hajikandi
        From the point of view of political geography, water is not separate from politics. There are 281 shared catchments between 151 countries and more than 42% of the world's population lives in these areas. Due to the heterogeneous distribution of freshwater on Earth, the More
        From the point of view of political geography, water is not separate from politics. There are 281 shared catchments between 151 countries and more than 42% of the world's population lives in these areas. Due to the heterogeneous distribution of freshwater on Earth, the management of water resources, especially in shared catchments, is critical to achieving maximum utilization of this limited element. Tigris, Euphrates and Arvand River catchments are one of the most important catchments in Iran and West Asia, which has always faced various challenges in the field of joint exploitation. In this research, an attempt has been made to study the various aspects of the joint watershed between Mesopotamia and Arvandrud, to analyze water diplomacy in this basin, and it should be noted that according to various contracts and agreements in the field of exploitation of these waters, There are many problems and disagreements regarding the common use of these waters. Manuscript profile
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        261 - Validation of EC and TDS prediction model efficiency in Maroun River (case study: Behbahan station)
        Davoud Khodadadi Dehkordi
        Maroon River is one of the tributaries of Jarahi River and one of the important rivers of Khuzestan province. The importance of quality studies of Maroon River is clear from the fact that this river provides water for cities, villages and thousands of hectares of agricu More
        Maroon River is one of the tributaries of Jarahi River and one of the important rivers of Khuzestan province. The importance of quality studies of Maroon River is clear from the fact that this river provides water for cities, villages and thousands of hectares of agricultural lands and industrial factories and finally leads to Shadegan Wetland. Attention and importance to this river is one of the requirements for sustainable development and water quality study of this river is of special importance. Water quality is determined by some physical, chemical and biological characteristics. In this study, the models of the relationship between the two parameters of electrical conductivity (EC) and total soluble solids (TDS) during the years 1346 to 88 fit and the amount of TDS in the future is estimated and finally the validity of this prediction is calculated. The results show that in a sampling period from 1346 to 1388 in Behbahan station, the best fitting model between TDS and EC in this station is the exponential model with a correlation coefficient of 0.913. Having the EC value during the years 1389 to 1392, the amount of TDS in this period was estimated and to select the best model, the amount of EF (model efficiency) was calculated for 4 models and it was found that the exponential model with an efficiency of 99.72% is appropriate. The most common model for estimating the amount of TDS is linear, power and logarithmic models in the next priority ranks in Behbahan station. Manuscript profile
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        262 - Determination of River Regime Equations Based on Stream Power Equation
        ali bagheri mohamad sadegh ghorbani
        In this paper, river regime equations through developing of unit stream power equation and based on data of babolrood River were derived. For this purpose, with the review of previous research, the principles and concepts of regime and hydraulic geometry of the river is More
        In this paper, river regime equations through developing of unit stream power equation and based on data of babolrood River were derived. For this purpose, with the review of previous research, the principles and concepts of regime and hydraulic geometry of the river is mentioned. then, methods and out-comes of former researchers are classified. On the next step, based on dimensional analysis, unit stream power as a function of river flow parameters including suspended sediment load and specific gravity of particles is developed. Using the unit stream power equation and babolrood River' data, regime equations are derived for these rivers. Finally, the results derived from regime equations are compared with the field data and regime equations of the other researchers. A good agreement was observed between field data and values resulted from developed regime equations in this research. Manuscript profile
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        263 - Forecasting the discharge of the Zayandeh Rood River at the Ghleeh Shahrokh station using deep learning techniques
        Mohammad Mehrani
        Abstract- Water discharge is a term in the water industry that refers to the amount of water that passes through a certain point per unit of time. Discharge rate is the amount of water that passes through a specific point such as a river,, water channel, dam valve, pipe More
        Abstract- Water discharge is a term in the water industry that refers to the amount of water that passes through a certain point per unit of time. Discharge rate is the amount of water that passes through a specific point such as a river,, water channel, dam valve, pipe or any other structure such as a faucet cartridge in a unit of time. In the metric system, water discharge rate is expressed in terms of cubic meters per second, cubic meters per hour, or liters per second. The unit of cubic meters per second is used for large flows such as rivers and large canals, and the unit of liters per second is used for the flow of water in wells and water that enters leaks. Measuring the discharge of the river has many effects on people's lives. Knowing the amount of water entering the areas of a river's catchment area is very important in agriculture, potential risks to human and animal life, industries, etc. Therefore, predicting river discharge can lead to effective management and prevent serious damage in the mentioned areas. According to the mentioned cases, the purpose of the presented paper is to predict the river discharge using deep learning techniques. In order to do this, the discharge of the Zayandeh Rood River at Qala Shahrokh station has been investigated and predicted using two techniques - ANFIS and LSTM. The simulation results show 93% to 94% accuracy in predicting the discharge of the studied river. Manuscript profile
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        264 - Comparison of the accuracy of the Modified At-kin and the Convex methods in flood routing in a Dalaki River reach
        Masoud Mesbahi Majid Abbasizadeh Mohammadreza Nikmanesh
        In this research, using two hydrological methods, convex and At-Kin, the flood routing was investigated in the Sarqanat and Kalel reach located in the Dalki River. To perform this operation, 26 flood hydrographs were selected as input to the model. and the output hydrog More
        In this research, using two hydrological methods, convex and At-Kin, the flood routing was investigated in the Sarqanat and Kalel reach located in the Dalki River. To perform this operation, 26 flood hydrographs were selected as input to the model. and the output hydrographs of the models were compared to the observed output hydrograph at the station located in downstream of reach. In order to evaluate the efficiency and accuracy of the models, the RMSE was used. The results showed that the hydrological method of Atkin is significantly less accurate than the graphic (regression) method of Convex, but it is more accurate compared to the two sub-methods of Singh and SCS of Convex. Also it was found that the graphical method of Convex (or regression) with an average error value of 21.26 m3/s. is more suitable than other methods in this research. And then the best methods include Atkin, Singh and SCS with RMSE values of 70.16, 77.87 and 79.3 m3/s. However, the difference between Singh and SCS methods is not serious. The RMSE values in all methods used in this research show a lower value in 50% Qp compared to the Qp. In Atkin's method, the amount of error in the conditions of using 50%Qp has reached from 78.5 to 70.71 m3/s. According to the mentioned results, it is recommended that researchers use 50%Qp in flood routing operation. Manuscript profile
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        265 - Estimation of Run-off Using Simple Tank Model in Dez River Basin
        Hojatola Alale Mohsen Shafieinia Fateme Badie
        Run-offs are considered as important hydrological factors in feasibility studies of river engineering and irrigation-related projects under arid and semi-arid condition. Flood control is one of the crucial factor, the management of which while mitigates its destructive More
        Run-offs are considered as important hydrological factors in feasibility studies of river engineering and irrigation-related projects under arid and semi-arid condition. Flood control is one of the crucial factor, the management of which while mitigates its destructive consequences, abstracts considerable volume of renewable water resources. The methodology applied here was based on Mizumura, which applied a mathematical model for simple tank to simulate the rainfall-run-off process in a particular water basin using the data from the observational hydrograph. The model was applied in the Dez River water basin to simulate and estimate the floods. The water tank has a horizontal cross-sectional area, which is a function of the water depth and which may be determined from the recession curves of flood hydrographs. The total vertical depth of the water tank and the infiltration velocity, which govern the time lag between rainfall and runoff, are computed from the rising limbs of the flow hydrograph. Results indicated that the calculated hydrographs using the simple tank method and the observation hydrographs had a close proximity. Results also showed a linear relation between the rainfall and run-off. It was found that the recession curve slope is constant for the subsurface and underground flows under different conditions, quite similar to the results arrive at by. There was however a considerable variation in the surface run-off from one flooding to the other. Manuscript profile
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        266 - Analyzing the Future Smart City of Ahvaz From the Perspective of the Macro Components of Its Formation
        Mahyar Sajadian Mohammad Ali Firoozi Ahmad PourAhmad
        10.30495/uf.2022.1971644.1054
        Today, moving towards smart cities is not only a reality, but a necessity in order to solve the current problems of urbanization, including in the city of Ahvaz, which is full of problems. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to analyze the realization of the smar More
        Today, moving towards smart cities is not only a reality, but a necessity in order to solve the current problems of urbanization, including in the city of Ahvaz, which is full of problems. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to analyze the realization of the smart city from the perspective of the macro components of such cities. This article is considered among applied-developmental researches. It is question-oriented and it has been done in a document-library and survey form; in an exploratory way using the exploratory factor analysis method, Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Shapiro-Wilk tests; And a sample t-tech test and Friedman's rating test have been done in response to the research questions. In order to collect descriptive data, library and documentary studies were used, and survey method and questionnaire tool were used to collect analytical data. The statistical community of the research included academic experts. The sampling method was a two-stage cluster. ; Finally, 142 samples were selected. The final content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by the opinion of the professors, after some corrections, and the Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.878 for the entire questionnaire showed the desirability and acceptability of the reliability of the questionnaire. For the quantitative content validity of the questionnaires, 10 experts, familiar with Ahvaz metropolis, and the relative coefficient of content validity (CVR) method were used. Kendall's W test (Kendall's correlation coefficient) was used to measure the credibility of the questionnaires and how reliable it is. Based on the findings of the research, the situation of the metropolis of Ahvaz is not suitable in terms of the macro components of the formation of smart cities in the current situation. Manuscript profile
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        267 - Understanding the future uncertainties of the state of urban development plans in Iran in the context of scenario planning (Case study: Noorabad city master plan)
        Ahmad Rezaiee Marzie Moghali Ebrahim Afifi
        10.30495/uf.2023.1976829.1082
        Comprehensive urban plans, as the most important management tool on a city-wide scale, have faced problems in the decades that have passed since their emergence, which have accompanied the achievement of their intended goals and results. Addressing the issue of comprehe More
        Comprehensive urban plans, as the most important management tool on a city-wide scale, have faced problems in the decades that have passed since their emergence, which have accompanied the achievement of their intended goals and results. Addressing the issue of comprehensive plan evaluation is considered an important tool to measure the success and feasibility of comprehensive plan proposals and will help urban planners to better deal with the problems of preparing and compiling comprehensive plans that have been prepared Become familiar. The purpose of this article is to evaluate the feasibility of the main and effective proposals in the comprehensive plan of Noorabad Mamasani City using the application of the futurology approach. The present study, in terms of applied purpose, has been conducted in terms of exploratory method at the exploratory level and based on the future research approach. In this study, using the Delphi method and the participation of 30 experts, the results were analyzed in the Mick Mac software environment, and then these factors were determined based on the importance and uncertainty, prioritization, and the most vital factors, and to identify the drivers. The key is the software (Micmac) and the script is used for the scripting wizard software. interference of officials, lack of communication with the consultant, unreasonable solutions, lack of attention to local conditions, lack of government assistance, lack of credit assistance, and lack of stable income. Manuscript profile
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        268 - Modeling Ghotour-Chai River’s Rainfall-Runoff process by Genetic Programming
        Mina Ruhnavaz Abdolreza Hatamlou
        Manuscript profile
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        269 - On the Retrieval of Natural Systems of Settlements around Riverbanks with Sustainable Development Approach (Case Study: Asara Region, Hasanakdar Village)
        Leila Ziafati Kafi Ahmad Pourahamd
        Rivers as one of the structural elements of city and natural corridors, play an effective role in providing environmental resources. Therefore, investment on adjacent lands, and construction and development of recreational gardens around them, not only has considerable More
        Rivers as one of the structural elements of city and natural corridors, play an effective role in providing environmental resources. Therefore, investment on adjacent lands, and construction and development of recreational gardens around them, not only has considerable environmental impact, but also has great economic effects' previous and next links. Despite of enjoying potential and actual facilities, in terms of its geographical location, Hasanakdar village faces many limitations and bottlenecks in the development process from different points of view. Generally, in this village, inappropriate access to economic infrastructures, restrictions and distribution of natural resources, and finally, lack of effective economic performance in the region's economic system, have resulted in poverty and unemployment in socio-economic context. The present study examined these issues by studying the geographic, economic and social characteristics of this village. The aim of this study was to organize Hassankar village through environmental priorities with the strategy of sustainable development and the recognition and introduction of regulatory criteria. The present study analyzed using a descriptive-analytical method based on library and field studies to collect relevant documents, components and criteria for environmental promotion and organizing settlements, through SWOT analytical model and AHP hierarchical method. According to the results of this study, organizing the settlements around rivers and directing them in rural guiding plans towards a spatial order can have sustainable effects on reforming the context of rural settlements, and conduct them to a lawful behavior. Manuscript profile
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        270 - Water Diplomacy and Urban Settlements (With Emphasis on the Border City of Zabul and the Hirmand Frontier River)
        Afshin Motaghidastenaei Arash Ghorbani sepehr
        Many of the frontier river basins in the world are simultaneously recognized as key engines of regional economic development, major livelihoods sources, as well as critical biodiversity conservation areas. These benefits often create a competitive role for governments a More
        Many of the frontier river basins in the world are simultaneously recognized as key engines of regional economic development, major livelihoods sources, as well as critical biodiversity conservation areas. These benefits often create a competitive role for governments and challenge them. Given the geographical location, strategic location of Iran and the presence of common water basins, the use of border and transboundary water diplomacy is considered as an essential tool for managing water crisis and adaptation to the problems caused by dehydration in the country. Based on this, a descriptive-analytical method has been used to write the present research. The findings of the research show that the only tool for organizing the situation in the current situation in Zaza Mazzi is the correct use of water diplomacy. The results of the research show that the formulation of water diplomacy by the Islamic Republic of Iran with the country is one of the requirements that should be pursued with seriousness in the future, using positive capacities and using the principles of international law, in order to address the situation of the Zabul border town before it arrives. The crisis can be solved with easier and less costly Scenarios. Manuscript profile
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        271 - Analysis of drivers of urban sprawl (Case study: Ahvaz city)
        Mahmod Arvin Ahmad Pourahmad
        Urban sprawl and its environmental impacts are important components of global environmental change research and are a key issue for sustainable development. To understand and manage land use change and to direct urban development plans, it is important to examine the dr More
        Urban sprawl and its environmental impacts are important components of global environmental change research and are a key issue for sustainable development. To understand and manage land use change and to direct urban development plans, it is important to examine the drivers of urban sprawl. The purpose of the research is analysis of drivers of urban sprawl in Ahvaz city. This research is descriptive-analytic and in terms of objective, applied analytic. The method of data collection is library-documentary and survey. To complete the questionnaire, the opinions of 50 researchers who have conducted research in relation to the city of Ahvaz and related managers and experts have been used. In order to investigate the effect of dimensions (drivers), the second order confirmatory factor analysis was used in LISREL software. The 45 identified driver affecting the urban sprawl of Ahvaz are classified into 7 dimensions including management, legal, social, economic, physical-spatial, environmental, and transportation. The results show that the economic dimension with a coefficient of 0.88 has the highest impact, followed by social (0.87), management (0.76), physical-spatial (0.72), legal (0.71), transportation (0.61) and environmental dimensions, respectively. (0.58) are located.Urban sprawl and its environmental impacts are important components of global environmental change research and are a key issue for sustainable development. To understand and manage land use change and to direct urban development plans, it is important to examine the drivers of urban sprawl. The purpose of the research is analysis of drivers of urban sprawl in Ahvaz city. This research is descriptive-analytic and in terms of objective, applied analytic. The method of data collection is library-documentary and survey. To complete the questionnaire, the opinions of 50 researchers who have conducted research in relation to the city of Ahvaz and related managers and experts have been used. In order to investigate the effect of dimensions (drivers), the second order confirmatory factor analysis was used in LISREL software. The 45 identified driver affecting the urban sprawl of Ahvaz are classified into 7 dimensions including management, legal, social, economic, physical-spatial, environmental, and transportation. The results show that the economic dimension with a coefficient of 0.88 has the highest impact, followed by social (0.87), management (0.76), physical-spatial (0.72), legal (0.71), transportation (0.61) and environmental dimensions, respectively. (0.58) are located. Manuscript profile
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        272 - Analyzing the factors influencing the improvement of citizens' sense of belonging in Arvand River riverside parks
        Mohammad Hossein Rezapanah Vahid Ghobadian mehdi khakzand
        Introduction Arvandrud has many facilities, but due to the war and economic conditions, it has many problems. Therefore, in order to solve the problems of Arvand River, the main goal of the research is to analyze the factors affecting the improvement of citizens' sense More
        Introduction Arvandrud has many facilities, but due to the war and economic conditions, it has many problems. Therefore, in order to solve the problems of Arvand River, the main goal of the research is to analyze the factors affecting the improvement of citizens' sense of belonging in the parks along the Orand River in Iran.Methodology The current research, using the qualitative-quantitative research method and the method of collecting information in the form of library and field studies, using the questionnaire tool and chi-square statistic along with the content analysis method, investigates the factors affecting the improvement of citizens' sense of belonging in the parks along the Arvand River. the payment. Based on this, Arvand River axis was divided into four areas and then each area was analyzed separately.Geographical area of research The study area of this research is the edge of the Arvand River, which is located in the southwest of Khuzestan province with an area of 37 thousand hectares and a population of 382 thousand people, and includes parts of Abadan and Khoramshahr cities, where the urban areas of Abadan, Khoramshahr and Minoushahr are located.Results and discussion The results showed that the physical and environmental components of these areas have the greatest impact on people's sense of belonging. This type of influence in axes 1 and 2 has a higher percentage. Besides, axis two is the most suitable axis from people's point of view due to its proximity to the river from two directions. Meanwhile, axis 3 has the least impact on the sense of belonging of the citizens of this axis due to its small proportions and lack of diverse and suitable vegetation. In general, the studies showed that the environmental, social, functional and physical components in axis 1 created the greatest sense of belonging. This is despite the fact that the same components have assigned a lower percentage in relation to creating a sense of belonging in other measured axes. Conclusion The results showed that among the four factors (physical, functional, social and environmental), the physical characteristics of the elements of this range are in the first degree of importance in terms of improving the sense of belonging to citizens and transient people. Then, it is the physical connection of these elements and their function that has affected the sense of belonging of the citizens. Manuscript profile
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        273 - The Hydropolitic of border river Atrak and its effect on Iran’s and Turkmenistan’s relation
        hamidreza paknejad ezatollah ezati
        Introduction &nbsp; Drinking water is the only matter of vital for human beings and the creatures on the earth that the human beings can&rsquo;t produce it. 97% of all waters on the earth are salty. Increasing of society in the last 50 years, developing in industries, More
        Introduction &nbsp; Drinking water is the only matter of vital for human beings and the creatures on the earth that the human beings can&rsquo;t produce it. 97% of all waters on the earth are salty. Increasing of society in the last 50 years, developing in industries, the need to produce more food stuffs and developing in the level of personal and social health has made drinking water more important than ago. The hydroplitic of border rivers in the south west of Asia zone and central Asia ostentate as one of important difficulties between the governments and the nations. An important part of surface waters are running in the border of Iran and its Nabors. &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Research Methodology &nbsp; In this research the main question is that: &rdquo;what was the effect of border river Atrak after destroying of CCCP on the political security and the economy of border zone of Turkmenistan and Turkmen fields of Iran?&rdquo; According to basic study, this theory has been made that there is a close relation between the changing of global strategy after destroying of CCCP and framing new geopolitical zones like as central Asia and changing in methods of using from border rivers like Atrak river. The way of research in this article has made of descriptive research and logical research. We used these ways for collecting information: 1- Searching in library and internet sources. 2- Attributive and archive ways. 3- Area search and description of watched. Border river Atrak is one of the most important sources for obtaining water in Golestan province. Both inner and outer river Atrak (Sumbar) after passing 80 kilometers between Iran and Turkmenistan&rsquo;s border, get in Turkmenistan&rsquo;s land in a place named Dashli broon. Iran draw on just 85000 cubic meter from it&rsquo;s 220000 cubic meter share of Atrak river water. Golestan province has 880000 hectare fields that can be used for agriculture&nbsp; that now about 300000 hectare of that is under plantation with water. And the other 500000 hectare don&rsquo;t have constant water. Second source of water in Turkmenistan provides from border river Atrak. Developing of agriculture in two-headed of Atrak has made the hydroplitic in relation of two countries more important. &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Conclusion &nbsp; Islamic republic of Iran in case of geographical zone is one of less water area of world. Increasing of society in last 50 years ago has made Iran&rsquo;s share of drinking water less. Turkmenistan country that the border river Atrak is running in borders of this country and Iran, in case of drinking water is poor. Controlling of surface water in river (Atrak) for developing in economy is important. There is no characterized legal regime for Atrak river after destroying of CCCP that has to be characterize the way of controlling it. Iran&rsquo;s and Turkmenistan&rsquo;s governments have to clean the water and build walls and pushing bars in two-headed of Atrak river. &nbsp; Manuscript profile
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        274 - Regional Flood Frequency Analysis in Basin of Golestan River
        Alireza Alireza Abbas Mehrafroz
        The equiton and models presented in this research are considered toestimate peak discharge in non-hydrometric stream gauging station indrainage basin of Golestan River. Thus, following examing the allhydrometric stream- gauging stations, 3 stations have been selected wh More
        The equiton and models presented in this research are considered toestimate peak discharge in non-hydrometric stream gauging station indrainage basin of Golestan River. Thus, following examing the allhydrometric stream- gauging stations, 3 stations have been selected whichhave essential condition for regional analyses. Then between amounts ofdischarge with different return period in the mentioned station andeffective elements on flood in their upstream have been presented,relations and models using simple multiple regression method andlogarithmic, selection that can be used for obtaining the amounts ofdischarge whith different retarn period (Qti) in sub-basins not havingstation or any other place. Studing the suggested models show that amongother effective factors on flood, 3 factor of area (A), average of maximumdaily rainfall (P24), and the percentage of area covered by forest (FVA),have more meaningfull impact on amounts of peak discharge incomparative other factors, in addition, coefficient of multiple determine ofall models is about 1 and shows nearly 100% of (QTi) determined by 3above variables. Manuscript profile
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        275 - Erosion Hazard Index Methodology (EHIM) for Streams Erodibility Assessment (Ardabil-Province)
        Reza Talaei Farzaneh Azimi Seyed Ahmad Hosseini
        Manuscript profile
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        276 - Effectiveness of Technology Dissemination and Adoption among Farmers in Cross-River State, Nigeria
        Agbarevo, M.N. Benjamin Nwachukwu Ephraim. O
        Manuscript profile
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        277 - نگرش و ادراک سیب زمینی کاران شهرستان اردبیل نسبت به فناوری‌های آبیاری دقیق
        اصغر باقری سحر پیرمؤدن
        هدف از این پژوهش بررسی نگرش و ادراک کشاورزان نسبت به پیشبرنده&shy;ها و موانع فناوری&shy;های آبیاری دقیق می&shy;باشد. این پژوهش به روش پیمایشی انجام شد و اطلاعات لازم از نمونه&shy;ای شامل 240 کشاورز سیب&shy;زمینی&shy;کار شهرستان&nbsp; اردبیل جمع&shy;آوری گردید. ابزار پژو More
        هدف از این پژوهش بررسی نگرش و ادراک کشاورزان نسبت به پیشبرنده&shy;ها و موانع فناوری&shy;های آبیاری دقیق می&shy;باشد. این پژوهش به روش پیمایشی انجام شد و اطلاعات لازم از نمونه&shy;ای شامل 240 کشاورز سیب&shy;زمینی&shy;کار شهرستان&nbsp; اردبیل جمع&shy;آوری گردید. ابزار پژوهش پرسشنامه&shy;ای بود که روایی آن بوسیله گروهی از متخصصین تایید گردید. مقادیر آلفای کرونباخ برای نگرش، پیشبرنده&shy;ها و موانع 813/0، 870/0 و 799/0 به دست آمد که بیانگر پایایی مناسب ابزار تحقیق می باشد. نتایج نشان داد که پاسخگویان اکثراً میانسال بودند و تجربه خوبی در کشاورزی داشتند. اکثر آنها کم&shy;سواد بودند، بیش از نیمی از پاسخگویان نگرش نسبتاً منفی داشتند درحالی که نگرش بقیه نسبتاً تا خیلی مثبت بود. نتیجه تحلیل رگرسیون نشان داد که متغیرهای تحصیلات، دانش و منابع اطلاعاتی 5/46 درصد از واریانس نگرش کشاورزان را تبیین کرده است. نمونه به دو گروه 120 نفره تقسیم شد و از آنها خواسته شد تا یک گروه ادراک خود را نسبت به موانع و گروه دیگر ادراک خود را نسبت به پیشبرنده&shy;ها بیان نمایند. نتیجه تحلیل عاملی نشان داد که سه عامل با مقدار ویژه بالاتر از یک به نام&shy;های کارآیی آب، سهولت عملیات زراعی و منافع مادی برای پیشبرنده استخراج گردید که مجموعاً 18/63 درصد از واریانس کل را تبیین نموده&shy;اند و پنج عامل به نام&shy;های عوامل دانشی، فنی، مهارتی، مدیریتی و پشتیبانی برای موانع استخراج گردید که مجموعاً 12/63 درصد از واریانس را تبیین نموده&shy;اند. Manuscript profile
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        278 - Assessment of Fish Biodiversity in Oni River, Ogun State, Nigeria
        Obe Bernardine Wuraola Jenyo-Oni Adetola
        For the purpose of sustainable exploitation of the fishery resources of Oni River, Ogun State, Nigeria, the fish biodiversity assessment was carried out. This was conducted by enumerating and identifying fish species composition, measuring the fish length, fish weight, More
        For the purpose of sustainable exploitation of the fishery resources of Oni River, Ogun State, Nigeria, the fish biodiversity assessment was carried out. This was conducted by enumerating and identifying fish species composition, measuring the fish length, fish weight, assessing the fish abundance and biomass, determining the length-weight relationships and the length-frequency of the fishes. Altogether, 592 fishes were sampled comprising twenty-eight (28) species belonging to sixteen (16) families. The families identified included: Cichlidae, Mormyridae, Clariidae, Channidae, Malapteruridae, Gymnarchidae, Bagridae, Mochokidae, Polypteridae, Pantodontidae, Schilbeidae, Anabantidae, Osteoglossidae, Characidae, Notopteridae and Distichodontidae. The family Mormyridae was the most abundant with 163 members followed by Cichlidae with 161 members. The least represented family was Schilbeidae with only two (2) members. On the species level, Tilapia zillii had the greatest number of representation with seventy (70) members, followed by Oreochromis niloticus with fifty-eight (58) members. Manuscript profile
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        279 - Effect of Socio-economic Factors on Fish Catch in Lower Ogun River, Isheri-olofin and Ihsasi, Ogun State, Nigeria
        Nafisat Bolatito Ikenweiwe Adekule Adedoyin Idowu Nathanael Akinsafe Bamidele Otubusin Samuel Eunice Oluremi Fadipe
        This study was undertaken to investigate the effect of socioeconomic factors on fish catch around the Lower Ogun River in Isheri-Olofin area (downstream) and Ishasi (upstream). Two hundred and fifty (250) respondents were randomly sampled. The data was analyzed using de More
        This study was undertaken to investigate the effect of socioeconomic factors on fish catch around the Lower Ogun River in Isheri-Olofin area (downstream) and Ishasi (upstream). Two hundred and fifty (250) respondents were randomly sampled. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and chisquare. It was found that a large percentage (74.4%) owned personal fishing craft.18% of the respondents have not had any formal education, 38.4% had attended primary school, 42.4% had attended secondary school, and 1.2% had attended a tertiary institution. Majority (62%) of the respondents were married while 31.2 % were single. The result shows that 98.4% of the respondents constitutes male while the remaining 1.6% constitutes female.70.4 % of the respondents fall within the age bracket of 15&ndash;40 years while the remaining 29.6 % are elderly with age range of 41-66 years. It was also discovered that there is a significance decline in the abundance of catch in the downstream compared to the upstream. There is significant difference between the two stations in all socioeconomic factors evaluated. Manuscript profile
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        280 - Stability Causes of Ab-Ask landslide dam in Haraz river
        Abbas Kangi
        Manuscript profile
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        281 - The sediment yield potential estimation of Kordshikh river watershed basin using MPSIAC, EPM and Fournier model in the GIS framework
        Mohammad Bahrami Ali Rahimi
        Manuscript profile
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        282 - Studying geomorphic features in Nosratabad area by using remote sensing and field data
        Jaber Shoghi Ali asghar Moridi Ali Ahmadi
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        283 - A hybrid meta-heuristic algorithm for the vehicle routing problem with stochastic travel times considering the driver's satisfaction
        Reza Tavakkoli-Moghaddam Mehdi Alinaghian Alireza Salamat-Bakhsh Narges Norouzi
        Manuscript profile
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        284 - Analysis of critical drivers affecting implementation of agent technology in a manufacturing system
        Om Ji Shukla Abhijeet Joshi Gunjan Soni Rajesh Kumar
        Manuscript profile
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        285 - Determination constructs validity of an agile organization model by using factor analysis
        A N. Mashayekhi A Toloie Eshlaghy A Rajabzadeh M.M Razavian
        Manuscript profile
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        286 - Risk assessment of the heavy metals mercury, cadmium, lead and arsenic in the two species fish Tor grypus and Capoeta capoeta in Helle River from Bushehr
        laleh Roomiani Mohammad velayatzadeh
        Nowadays environmental pollutants, heavy metals attracted many researchers as one of the most important factors are threatening humans in many areas. The present study was done in order to determine concentrations of heavy metals, He, Pb, Cd and As in the two species fi More
        Nowadays environmental pollutants, heavy metals attracted many researchers as one of the most important factors are threatening humans in many areas. The present study was done in order to determine concentrations of heavy metals, He, Pb, Cd and As in the two species fish Tor grypus and Capoeta capoeta in Helle River from Bushehr in 2014. In this research 60 samples of fish were prayed from Helle River. Evaluation of heavy metals was occurred by atomic absorption Perkin Elmer 4100. The concentration of heavy metals mercury, lead, cadmium and arsenic in two fish species were 0.0604-0.0755, 0.213-0.255, 0.108-0.134 and 0.109-0.142 mg/kg. In this study, the risk index heavy metals mercury, lead, cadmium and arsenic about Tor grypus and Capoeta capoeta fish consumption by adults was lower than 1, but risk factor for mercury, cadmium and lead for children was higher than more 1, respectively. Concentration of Pb in two fish species was higher than more other metals (P&lt;0.05). Also it was the lowest metal content of the mercury. Concentration of heavy metals mercury, lead, cadmium and arsenic in muscle of Tor grypus was higher than more Capoeta capoeta. Concentration of heavy metals in muscle of the two species fish was lower than comparison of WHO, FDA, MAFF and NHMRC. Manuscript profile
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        287 - Water Quality of Nour City Rivers
        F Goljan A.R Karbassi N Hajizadeh zaker GH.R NabiBidhendi
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        288 - The Effect of Pollutants Dissolved Oxygen and Temperature Change (Case Study:Ghezel-Ozen River)
        Siamak Boudaghpour
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        289 - Sensitivity analysis of geometric and hydraulic parameters on water depth of flood plain in the AbNik River
        Akram Gashtasebi Mohammad Reza Pirestani
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        290 - Uncertainties in Evaluation of the Sediment Transport Rates in Typical Coarse-Bed Rivers in Iran
        M Yasi R Hamzepouri A.R Yasi
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        291 - Experimental Iinvestigation of the Effect of theTtriangular Vanes on the Channel Bed Ttopography
        Nushin Najafi Birgani Mahmood Shafai Bejestan Mohammad Bahrami Yarahmadi
        Manuscript profile
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        292 - Discharge Estimation by using Tsallis Entropy Concept
        M Moazamnia H Bonakdari
        Manuscript profile
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        293 - Spatial and Temporal Evaluation of Water Quality in the Kashkan River
        Abazar Mostafaei
        Manuscript profile
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        294 - Survey of Integrated and Non-Integrated Formulae on Suspended Sediment Load; Case Study: Soolegan River, North Karoon Basin, Iran
        N Sedaei A Kavian
        Manuscript profile
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        295 - Experimental Investigation of Groin Placement On Minimizing River Bank Erosion
        M Saneie B.S Mosavi
        Manuscript profile
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        296 - Identifying the factors affecting the maturity of knowledge management in physical education of the Ministry of Education of Iran
        lida dehghani Mahvash Noorbakhsh parivash nourbakhsh mehdi kohandel
        The aim of the research was to identify the drivers influencing the maturity of knowledge management in physical education of the Ministry of Education of Iran. The research method was applied in terms of its purpose and in terms of its nature, it was based on future re More
        The aim of the research was to identify the drivers influencing the maturity of knowledge management in physical education of the Ministry of Education of Iran. The research method was applied in terms of its purpose and in terms of its nature, it was based on future research, analytical and exploratory method, which was done qualitatively; The method of collecting information was documentary and library. The required information was obtained through in-depth semi-structured interviews with 23 experts; These people are faculty members of Farhangian universities with specialization in sports sciences, physical education teachers, employees of Farhangian University and employees of the Ministry of Education, people with university education related to the field of research. To analyze, a 9-by-9 matrix cross-effects matrix was used by Mick Mac software. The results showed that the drivers of organizational support and infrastructure, management agents and content have an important role in improving system relations. These drivers are effective and influential. The drivers of strategic alignment of knowledge management and knowledge management environment had the least impact and the most impact among other drivers, which according to the conditions of knowledge management in physical education. Also, the drivers of processes and knowledge management processes, the drivers of IT infrastructure and the of employees are more effective and less effective. These three propellants are more influential than the relationships of other propellants. Evaluation drivers do not have a key and important role in the formation of the spatial organization Manuscript profile
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        297 - Examining the Mythological and Ritual Aspects in a Verse by Manochehri (The Bride Submerged in the Abyss of the China Sea)
        Zahra Zarei Hamid Reza Kharazmi
        10.30495/mmlq.2023.708636
        Some of the verses penned by Persian poets allude to specific mythological rituals, which can only be fully understood by examining the fundamental aspects of these ceremonies. In this research, we aim to explore the historical origins of the rite mentioned in the secon More
        Some of the verses penned by Persian poets allude to specific mythological rituals, which can only be fully understood by examining the fundamental aspects of these ceremonies. In this research, we aim to explore the historical origins of the rite mentioned in the second stanza of a verse by Manochehri, a renowned ode poet from the 5th century AH. The verse in question is: "The vibrant capercaillie concealed in the farmland, like the bride submerged in the abyss of the China Sea." To achieve this objective, the authors of this study have employed mythological theories and referenced various myths through a descriptive-analytical approach. The findings of our research indicate that, during a particular period in China, young girls were offered as sacrifices in rivers, adorned with decorative attire and makeup, for reasons such as bestowing life and averting floods. Manuscript profile
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        298 - Investigation on reproduction biology in Leuciscus cephalus at Babolrud River (Mazandaran Province).
        A. Ashja Ardalan A. Vosoughi E. Rad
        This study was carried out in Babolrood river ( Mazandaran province) from 5 September 2008 to 6 August 2009 on Leuciscus cephalus ( mahi sephid rood khanei ). The sampling was montly and samples were collected by Electroshocker. In total 441 Leuciscus cephalus were caug More
        This study was carried out in Babolrood river ( Mazandaran province) from 5 September 2008 to 6 August 2009 on Leuciscus cephalus ( mahi sephid rood khanei ). The sampling was montly and samples were collected by Electroshocker. In total 441 Leuciscus cephalus were caught.Maximum fish abundance in stage 3 with 21.02 percent and the lowest number in sex maturation stage 6 with a frequency of 8.55 percent were. Maximum number of fish in terms of male gender in sex maturation stage 3 with the frequency of 20.55 percent and the lowest number was in step 6 with a frequency of 7.22 percent. The highest percent of female, in sex maturation stage 3 with 21.34 percent and the lowest number in step 7with a frequency of 8.70 percent were found. The mean diameter of oocytes in female fish from November to May was in ascending trend and mean was in May (69.83 &plusmn; 12.90 &micro;). The absolute fecundity minimum was 3005, maximum was 13194 and mean egg number was estimated to be 8038. The average percentage of gonad somatic maturation index (GSI) for males was 1.47 &plusmn; 0.94, for female was 2.95 &plusmn; 1.83 respectively. The total mean of condition factor (CF) was evaluated to be 1.12 &plusmn; 0.14 for males and 1.17 &plusmn; 0.15 for females. According to this review spawning time is from mid-May to late June and their spawning type once a time. Manuscript profile
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        299 - Determination of physicochemical parameters and heavy metals in Jajrood River, Parchin area
        E. Shirvani Mahdavi H. Pasdar
        This study has been carried out for determination of physicochemical parameters and concentration of Pb, Cd, Cr and Ni in JajroodRiver, Parchin area. The correlation between determined parameters with distance sampling was studied, and then they were compared to standar More
        This study has been carried out for determination of physicochemical parameters and concentration of Pb, Cd, Cr and Ni in JajroodRiver, Parchin area. The correlation between determined parameters with distance sampling was studied, and then they were compared to standard values in drinking water and to water which is used for breeding Onchorhynchus mykiss. Sample taking was carried out in random in February 2008 for eight stations in the distance of 4km.In the above stations samples were collected with standard methods, and pH, EC, DO, and temperature values were determined by portable instruments. The other parameters were determined in laboratory. In order to study the concentration of heavy metals, flame atomic absorption was employed. The results showed that the most effective parameters in water are temperature, turbidity,total total dissolved solids, dissolved Oxygen and conductivity. The concentration of phosphate and the other soluble materials are less significant. It was found that Calcium Chloride plays the most important role in increasing the electrical conductivity of water. moving down the river conductivity increases, whereas concentration of nitrate ion increases. By comparison of physicochemical parameters of the samples to standard values in Iran, it was found that turbidity of the samples showed significant differences with standard values (P&lt;0.01) for drinking water and turbidity, electrical conductivity, concentration of Chloride ion and nitrate ion of the samples showed a significant difference with standard values for water which is used for breeding Onchorhynchus mykiss (P&lt;0.01). Investigation showed that concentration of Pb, Cd, Cr, and Ni were very low therefore it is suitable for drinking water and breeding Onchorhynchus mykiss.&nbsp; Manuscript profile
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        300 - Investigation on some biological characteristic in Leuciscus cephalus at Babolrud River, Mazandaran Province
        A. Ashja Ardalan E. Rad A. Rajabi
        This study was carried out in BabolroodRiver ( Mazandaran province) from 5 September 2008 to 6 August 2009 on Leuciscus cephalus ( mahi sephid roodkhanei ). The sampling was montly and samples were collected by Electroshocker. In total 441 numbers of Leuciscus cephalus More
        This study was carried out in BabolroodRiver ( Mazandaran province) from 5 September 2008 to 6 August 2009 on Leuciscus cephalus ( mahi sephid roodkhanei ). The sampling was montly and samples were collected by Electroshocker. In total 441 numbers of Leuciscus cephalus were caught. Sex ratio of male to female was 1 to 1.41 respectively. The average total length was 165.629.81 mm, within average Maximum in May (190.638.32 mm), and an average Minimum in October (137.526.70 mm). Average Fork length and weight for males was139.7226.49 mm and 43.18 21.58 gr, this value for female was152.8830.06 mm and 57.3227.08 gr respectively. ANOVA results showed significant differences ( P&lt;0.05). Between male and female fork length and weight. Positive regression obtained between fork length and total length showed an R2=.950. Samples belonged to 9 ages groups (0+,1,1+,2,2+,3,3+,4,4+). &nbsp;Maximum number of fish were in age group 2 and minimum number of&nbsp; fish were in age group 4+.&nbsp; Gonad somatic index (GSI) for males was 1.47 &plusmn; 0.94, and for females was 2.95 &plusmn; 1.83 respectively. The total mean of HSI was evaluated to be 0.73 &plusmn; 0.49 for males and 1.08 &plusmn; 0.71 for females.According to the present study spawning time was from mid-May to late June and their spawning is batch spawning. Manuscript profile
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        301 - Temporal and Spatial Variability of Non-Living factors, Chlorophyll a and Pelagic Primary Production in Sefid-Rood River Estuary
        M. R. Rahimibashar A. Esmaeili Sary S. M. R. Fatemi S. A. Nezami
        Sefid-Rood River Estuary is the most important riverine ecosystem in the south Caspian Sea. The aim of this study was to examine spatial and temporal variability of physical and Chemical factors, Chl-a and pelagic primary production during a year (November 2004 to Octob More
        Sefid-Rood River Estuary is the most important riverine ecosystem in the south Caspian Sea. The aim of this study was to examine spatial and temporal variability of physical and Chemical factors, Chl-a and pelagic primary production during a year (November 2004 to October 2005) in five sampling stations in the Sefid-Rood River Estuary. Annual means (&plusmn;SD) Physical and Chemical factors were: temperature 17.2&plusmn;8.6 &deg;C, Surface salinity1.77&plusmn;1.32 ppt, battom salinity 2.79&plusmn;3.27 ppt, turbidity 311.86&plusmn;345.18 FTU, water tranprancy 36.5&plusmn;25.33 cm, Do 8.69&plusmn;2.88 mgL-1, &nbsp;0.512&plusmn;0.66 mgL-1, Sio2 5.68&plusmn;1.91, TP 0.136&plusmn;0.103 mgL-1, T.O.C. 10.3&plusmn;9.9 mgL-1 and Chl. a 4.44&plusmn;7.45 &mu;gL-1. Minimum was zero in October and maximom in the September 22.85&plusmn;2.5 &mu;gL-1. There was a Spatial variability along the estuary and high level Chl. a determined in the river mouth (Station 4) with 7.5&plusmn;10.65 &mu;gL-1. Primary production determined in this estuary by dark and light bottle method and GPP 38.27&plusmn;34.12 mgcm-2h-1 and NPP 201.6&plusmn;289.9 mgcm-2d-1. Everywhere in this estuary nutrients appeared to be in excess to algal requirement and did not influence in Chl. a and primary production. The most important factor that influenced Chl. a was water temperature. Manuscript profile
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        302 - Investigation of some biological aspects of Cobitis taenia, index of clean water, Talar River (Mazandaran Province)
        A. Ashja Ardalan S. Bahrebar R. Mousavi Nadushan S. Vatandoust
        In this study some of the biological aspect like age and growth, length and weight and longitudinal growth of Cobitis taenia which have been fished in Talar River has been reviewed. Samples were taken from two locations, 20 km apart, from Oct. 2008 up to Sept. 2009. Sam More
        In this study some of the biological aspect like age and growth, length and weight and longitudinal growth of Cobitis taenia which have been fished in Talar River has been reviewed. Samples were taken from two locations, 20 km apart, from Oct. 2008 up to Sept. 2009. Samples were collected monthly by using an Electro-shocker machine .Collectively 410 speciemen of Cobitis taenia were obtained. Fishes have been examined for sex identification and 158 male , 119 Female and 133 immature have been determined from two locations during one year. This sampels belonged to 4 age groups of females and males. The proportion of male to female was 1/3 to 1. The relation between length and weight of males and females was W=0/671&times;TL+0/043 &amp; W=1/593&times;TL+0/061. Growth parameters of Vonbertalanfi equation for males and females fish were as follows: L&infin;:680/09 K: 0/04 t0:0/106. Difference of Length Frequency distribution among males and females regarding the age were significant (P&lt;0/05) the male fish had more frequency in the short length. The frequency for males, females and immatures was estimated to be32/4, 29 and 38/5percent. The weight and length of females was more than males. Average age for males was 0- 2&nbsp;years and for females is 0- 3. Dominant age and average age for all fish were estimated to be 1&nbsp;and 1/07 respectively. Manuscript profile
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        303 - Investigation of the prevalence and intesity of parasitic infection in Rhodeus sericeus amarus of the Zardi River (Mazandaran)
        M. Taghavi B. Mokhayer A.A. Saeedi S.H. Mosavi
        A total of 59 specimens of Rhodeus&nbsp; sericeus amarus&nbsp; are&nbsp; caught by handnet from two different station of Zardi River in the south-eastern costal of Caspian sea at the autumn and winter of 2009 and spring of 2010 . The fishes were transported alive to the More
        A total of 59 specimens of Rhodeus&nbsp; sericeus amarus&nbsp; are&nbsp; caught by handnet from two different station of Zardi River in the south-eastern costal of Caspian sea at the autumn and winter of 2009 and spring of 2010 . The fishes were transported alive to the laboratory of Shahid Rajaee site. They killed by cutting their spinal cord and then measured and weighed.The eye ,skin,gill,digestive system,muscle and the other organism&acute;s of the specimens were examined for parasite infestation. Six parasites species were identified.These parasites are as following: &nbsp;Trichodina sp. from skin and branchia, Dactylogyrus sp. from branchia, Gyrodactylus sp. from skin and branchia, Diplostomum spathaceum from eye s, Postodiplostomum sp. from skin, Capillaria amurensis from intestine were found in the Rhodeus&nbsp; sericeus amarus&nbsp; of Zardi River.The most prevalent parasite was Trichodina sp. (49/15%) and the least was Diplostomum spathaceum(13/55%) Manuscript profile
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        304 - Fecundity of Carassobarbus luteus in Karun River from Aghili Plains in Shushtar
        M. Biria N. Javadzadeh Pourshalkoohi M. Velayatzadeh
        Carassobarbus luteus fish, one of the Cyprinidae species and native to southwestern Iran, have been identified in the domestic water in the rivers and wetlands of Khuzestan Province. This study was performed Fecundity of Carassobarbus luteus in Karun River. Monthly catc More
        Carassobarbus luteus fish, one of the Cyprinidae species and native to southwestern Iran, have been identified in the domestic water in the rivers and wetlands of Khuzestan Province. This study was performed Fecundity of Carassobarbus luteus in Karun River. Monthly catches from February 2012 to April 2013 at three stations in the province took Aghili Plains. 385 samples of fish were collected from the study area to determine fecundity of ovarian tissue were selected samples in sexual stages 3, 4, 5. Mean of absolute fecundity of Carassobarbus luteus was 5754.59&plusmn;7 and range from 740 to 43301 eggs. The highest of absolute fecundity in Length apperceive 205 to 210 mm equal 26800&plusmn;1660.45. Also, the lowest of absolute fecundity in Length was 185 mm equal 1018&plusmn;52.68. Also mean of relative fecundity in fishes 53.30&plusmn;1.03 and minimum and maximum from 9 to 248 eggs. The highest of relative fecundity in Length apperceive 200 to 205 mm equal 222.8&plusmn;10.38. The lowest of relative fecundity in Length was 185 mm equal 9.16&plusmn;0.25. Manuscript profile
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        305 - Survey on morphological diversity of European chub (Squalius cephalus) in Touji head branchof Talar River in Mazandaran Province.
        M. H. Gorjian Arabi M. Roohi M. Kazemian S. Vatandust A. Janbazi
        &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;In this study from august 2008 to august 2009 through 12 sampling 298 Squalius cephalus were caught from mazandaran talar river. 123 of them were male, 115 of them female and sex of 60 specimen could not detect. In this research 26 morphometric attrib More
        &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;In this study from august 2008 to august 2009 through 12 sampling 298 Squalius cephalus were caught from mazandaran talar river. 123 of them were male, 115 of them female and sex of 60 specimen could not detect. In this research 26 morphometric attribute and 8 meristic attribute were examined. According to the obtained results average coefficient of variation in the morphometric and meristic speciality in male Squalius cephalus respectively were 28/24 and &nbsp;96/6 and in female 97/35 and &nbsp;66/7 also in 26 morphometric attribute and 8 meristic attribute in the male and female Squalius cephalus none significant (P&gt;05/0). Also according to the obtained results by aid of analysis method to main factors (PCA) two groups have relatively good overlap. There is a strong correlation among the length and weight of male(r2=981/0) and female (r2=983/0) &nbsp;gender of Squalius cephalus in mazandaran talar&nbsp; river. Manuscript profile
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        306 - Ecological study of zooplankton in Kan River
        Siamak Bagheri J. Sabkara M. Makaremi
        This study focused on identification of zooplankton and relationship between biotic and abiotic parameters at three stations in Kan river during 2014. This study identified 26 zooplankton taxa, comprised of Arthropoda (5 genus), Protozoa (6 genus), Rotatoria (11 genus), More
        This study focused on identification of zooplankton and relationship between biotic and abiotic parameters at three stations in Kan river during 2014. This study identified 26 zooplankton taxa, comprised of Arthropoda (5 genus), Protozoa (6 genus), Rotatoria (11 genus), Nematoda (1 genus) Tardigrada (1 genus), Dipter (1 genus) and Annelida (1 genu). The Rotatoria and Protozoa abundance were dominated with means of 19 &plusmn; 18 and 11 &plusmn; 10 ind.l-1 respectively in Kan River.&nbsp; The annual average zooplankton abundance was measured as 34&plusmn; 26 ind.l-1. PCA analysis showed that Rotatoria ndProtozoa with high components loading had the lowest variance and the highest abundance. Based on CCA, there was no correlation between abundance of zooplankton groups and abiotic parameters. The findings showed that the biodiversity index of plankton was between 1.8 and 2 for Kan River and the river is located in the mesotrophic category. There is also an increased possibility of eutrophication in Kan River, in future. Manuscript profile
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        307 - Prevalence and intensity of parasitic infection from (Leuciscus cephalus) and ( Capoeta capoeta gracilis) of the Neka River
        M. H. Gholami B. Mokhayer A. Bozorgnia H. Hosseinzadeh Sahafi
        A total of 200 specimen of two fish species from NekaRiver in the winter and summer, 2009 of two differnt stations were caught by castnet. The fishes were transported alive to laberatory of Islamic Azad University of Ghaemshahr. They killed by cutting their spinal cord More
        A total of 200 specimen of two fish species from NekaRiver in the winter and summer, 2009 of two differnt stations were caught by castnet. The fishes were transported alive to laberatory of Islamic Azad University of Ghaemshahr. They killed by cutting their spinal cord and then measured and weighed. We found one protozoan species, Ichthyophthirius multifiliis on the branchia of Cacasian (Leuciscus cephalus) and Lenkoran (Capoeta capoeta gracilis). The isolated metazoan parasites are Dactylogyrus sp. and Diplozoon sp. from branchia, Gyrodactylus sp. from skin and the nematod Raphidascaris acus from intestine of the mentioned fishes. In this study, 39.58% of Cacasian and 45.19% of Lenkoran were infected with protozoan and metazoan parasites. Dactylogyrus sp. has the highest prevalence and intensity of parasitic infection of these fishes. According to the library investigations, Diplozoone sp. is recorded for the first time from cacasian, of &nbsp;Iran. Manuscript profile
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        308 - Ecological Assessment and Recommendation of Appropriate Zones for Recreational Activities along Karaj River Basin: Case Study on Shahrestanak River
        L. Yadegarian A. Jozi M. Zebarjad
        This study presents the appropriate zoning for recreational activities along Karaj river basin, with a case study on Shahrestanak River. Shahrestanak Village is located in Alborz Mountains and therefore is a high mountainous region. The Shahrestanak River originates fro More
        This study presents the appropriate zoning for recreational activities along Karaj river basin, with a case study on Shahrestanak River. Shahrestanak Village is located in Alborz Mountains and therefore is a high mountainous region. The Shahrestanak River originates from northern slopes of 3930 meters high Tochal Mountain; it is 18 km long and its river discharge, according to annual statistics, is of the order of 30 million m3/s, which supplies Karaj Dam to a great extent. In this research GIS was used to prepare maps for extensive and centralized recreation zoning. Factors of slope, direction, height, soil, and climate were taken into account and classified for zoning of Karaj river basin. Results of the study showed that, 2.05% of the total area of Shahrestanak river basin has zones with adequate potential, 43.19% of the area has zones with relatively adequate potential and 54.73% of the river basin is potentially inadequate for summer intensive (centralized) tourism. Regarding winter intensive (centralized) tourism, 2.07% of Shahrestanak river basin area has zones with adequate potential, 31.67% has zones with relatively adequate potential and 66.27% of the river basin is potentially inadequate for this purpose. However, for extensive tourism, 13.16% of Shahrestanak river basin has zones with adequate potential, 88% has zones with relatively adequate potential and 17.36% of the river basin has zones with inadequate potential. As findings indicate, due to the mountainous condition and high altitude of Shahrestanak region, has a potential for extensive tourism and should be considered as a priority for the area. In addition, the zoning results indicate that only the river banks may have adequate and relatively adequate potential for summer and winter intensive (centralized) tourism. Manuscript profile
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        309 - Assessment and determination of heavy metals zinc, nickel and cadmium and physical and chemical parameters of water Shatrh
        R. Khanpoor Zaranji L. Salimi M. Ghaneh
        Rivers are important water resources which to have&nbsp;broad application. Heavy metal are considered as important factors in pollution of water resources. On the other hand, the entry of pollutants into rivers, cause physical and chemical changes in them. The recogniti More
        Rivers are important water resources which to have&nbsp;broad application. Heavy metal are considered as important factors in pollution of water resources. On the other hand, the entry of pollutants into rivers, cause physical and chemical changes in them. The recognition of these metals and the knowledge of their parameters and trends is essential. This study aimed to determine physical and chemical parameters (temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, EC) and the amount of zinc, nickel and cadmium of &nbsp;Shatereh river (Its water used to irrigate farm) located in the southwest of Tehran. Sampling was done &nbsp;at 3 stations in Esfand 1392 (Persian calender before the bridge Shatereh, industrial areas and agricultural areas) with 3 replications.Average ater temperature of 8.25 &deg; C, mean dissolved oxygen&nbsp; 8.03 , pH levelsranging 8.02 and the average amount were abserved EC 493.32 cm .Average amount of heavy metals, zinc, nickeland cadmium were respectively 0.4206, 38.135, 39.180 micrograms per liter. The variance of zinc, nickel and cadmium of there station at sig &lt;0.05 showed that there was significant difference betwean 3 station. According to the EPA standard of measured parameters, the data are shown t in to be in the acceptable range and the results for zn showed that the levels in all 3 stations are within standard leveland heavy metal content of nickel and cadmium exceeded the standard level at 3 stations. Manuscript profile
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        310 - Benthic population of Jajrood River branches in Tehran province
        R. Mousavi Nadushan S. Raeisi
        In the present study macroinvertebrate community of Jajrood River branches was studied. Sampling from branches of Abnik, Zayegan, Lalan and Ahar was conducted in spring and summer of 1393. Benthic invertebrate were collected by Surber sampler (35 &times; 35 cm) and fixe More
        In the present study macroinvertebrate community of Jajrood River branches was studied. Sampling from branches of Abnik, Zayegan, Lalan and Ahar was conducted in spring and summer of 1393. Benthic invertebrate were collected by Surber sampler (35 &times; 35 cm) and fixed in 10% formalin. Benthos samples were separated in the laboratory by lifting loop and were identified at genus level. To assess the ecological condition and water quality Hilsenhoff and EPT indices were used. In general, 28 genus and 3 phyla, 5 classes, 9 orders and 24 families were identified in macroinvertebrate community of these rivers. The highest density of benthos was seen in Lalan branch (842 per square meter), in spring and summer. Among the genera found in all branches, except in Ahaar branch, maximum density was seen for Epeorus genus in summer and Baetis genus in spring. Based on analysis of variance (ANOVA) and post hoc LSD test, significnat difference was only seen when benthos population of Ahaar was compared with the other branches (P &lt;0.05). Manuscript profile
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        311 - Survey on some population structure of Kura barbel (Barbus lacerta ) in Kesilian River in Mazandaran province
        M. H. Gorjian Arabi S. Vatandust M. Kazemian M. Keshavarz
        In this study, 281 specimens Barbus lacerta have caught by electrofisher in Kesilian River (An affluent of Telar River) from August 2008 to July 2009. twenty-six morphometric and te meristic characteristics have studied. Based on results, average of variation coefficien More
        In this study, 281 specimens Barbus lacerta have caught by electrofisher in Kesilian River (An affluent of Telar River) from August 2008 to July 2009. twenty-six morphometric and te meristic characteristics have studied. Based on results, average of variation coefficient of morphometric characteristics Barbus lacerta in Autumn, Winter, Spring and Summer were 19.38, 21.20, 22.61, 26.02 and for meristic characteristics were 6.16, 6.24, 6.67and 7.27 percent, respectively. morphometric characteristics modified and standardized before analyzing because of decreasing of error due to allometric growth. For morphometric characteristics, eight factors accounted for a bout 77.69% individuals of the four seasons and in the case morphometric traits two factors accounted for 70.89% of diversity within seasons. In these results it was not seen any differences between seasons by analyzing method and have highly proportional overlapping. Also, there were twenty-six significant differences and meristic characteristics between seasons(P &nbsp;0.05), but four characteristics did not show significant differences (P&lt; 0.05). According to analyzing with main parameters it did not seen any distinctions between seasons and they had relatively overlapping. There was a great correlation between length and weight into all seasons. Obtained regression coefficient (b) from length-weight relationship as well as results from determination of growth pattern showed by poulie method that growth pattern in Autumn and Spring in Barbus lacerta is negative allometric and then for Winter and and Summer is positive isometric and positive allometric, respectively.&nbsp; Manuscript profile
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        312 - Investigating physical and chemical parameters and detergent levels in Taar River (between Taar Lake and Mamlou Dam)
        L. Salimi L. Yadegarian M. Motesharrei
        The aim of this study was to investigate the physical and chemical parameters and determine detergent levels in Taar River (from Taar Lake to Mamlou dam region). In this study, physical and chemical parameters of the river, including pH, DO, EC, COD, BOD, Cl- l levelsan More
        The aim of this study was to investigate the physical and chemical parameters and determine detergent levels in Taar River (from Taar Lake to Mamlou dam region). In this study, physical and chemical parameters of the river, including pH, DO, EC, COD, BOD, Cl- l levelsand also detergent levels were determined. For this purpose, 5 stations were designated alongside the river. The results showed that the pH levels were between 8.89 -10.12, EC was measured between 380-800 &micro;s/s, DO levels were between 2.14 &ndash; 2.8 mg/l, levels of Cl- were between 1.2 - 47 mg/l, BOD measurements showed levels between 0-16 mg/l, COD levels were between 2-36 mg/l and detergent concentrations were less than 0.02 mg/l in all stations. Comparing the results with Department of Environment standards for surface waters, at the time of sampling, the chemical and physical parameters measured and detergent levels of Taar river were in the recommended standard range. Manuscript profile
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        313 - Study on Trace Elements (Mo, Cu, Hg and As) in Water and Sediments in Aras River in East Azerbaijan Province
        M. Ramin H. Nasrollahzadeh Saravi M. Dostar H. Ghasemi N. Pourang M. Baniamam
        This study was conducted to determine water quality of Aras River (Western Azerbaijan), based on metals (Mo, Cu, As, Hg) at four stations (From Julfa to 25km after Nourdos border) during four seasons from 2015 to 2016. Thirty two samples of water and sediments were coll More
        This study was conducted to determine water quality of Aras River (Western Azerbaijan), based on metals (Mo, Cu, As, Hg) at four stations (From Julfa to 25km after Nourdos border) during four seasons from 2015 to 2016. Thirty two samples of water and sediments were collected. All samples were analyzed using standard methods (digestion and extraction), using an atomic absorption specphotometer instrument. Results showed that Mo, Cu, As and Hg concentrations in waterand sediments ranged between 0.10-23.01, 3.0-40.0, 0.02-0.81, 23.7-104.6 &micro;g/l, and 0.1-111.6, 17.5-482.5, 0.001-0.145, 46.8-303.6 &micro;g/g.dw, respectively. As a conclusion, water quality of Aras River was classified as class III (moderately polluted) based on mean concentration of Cu. Mo concentration was found to be less than permissible level. Water quality of Aras River was classified as class IV and II based on mean values of Hg and As, respectively. Maximum levels of Mo and Cu in surface sediments were found at stations 3 and 4 during all seasons, which is because of effluents and sewage from Mo, gold and other metal mines from Armenia. Mean concentration of As at surface sediment was higher than recommended standard value, but concentration of Hg was lower than recommended value. Manuscript profile
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        314 - Study and comparison of some characters of reproductive biology of two relative species : Barbus barbulus, Barbus pectoralis
        A. Vosooghi S. M. Ghafari Gh. Mohamadi
        This study was carried out from December 2007 to November 2008 in Karoon River in Khuzestan province. From the total number of 578 specimen 53, 58 were females and males respectively, and 125 specimen were immature (Barbus barbulus) besides 51,62 were males and females, More
        This study was carried out from December 2007 to November 2008 in Karoon River in Khuzestan province. From the total number of 578 specimen 53, 58 were females and males respectively, and 125 specimen were immature (Barbus barbulus) besides 51,62 were males and females, and 229 were immature (Barbus pectoralis). Samples were caught by cast nets and fixed gill nets. Total length, age, sex, and maturity of these fishes were determined. Lenght range of B.pectoralis was 945-200 mm and their weight ranged was 11170-52gr. B.barbulus range was 885-230 in length and 8460-99 gr in weight. Spawning season of B.pectoralis is determined by using the GSI obtained ,and the analasys of information shows it is the February (Bahman) and for B.barbulus is in March (Esfand) in Shushtar staition. LM50 of male and female of B.barbulus is determined 45-50cm, 50-55 cm respectively. This was identified for B.pectoralis male and female 35-40 cm and 50-55 cm respectively. First maturity of male and female of B.pectoralis observed at 35-40 cm and 40-45 respectively. This was identified for B.barbulus male and female 30-35 cm, 40-45 cm respectively . Maturity age of male and female of B.pectoralis is determined 3+, 4- respectively. This was identified for male and female of B.barbulus 2+, 3- respectively. Sex ratio of B.pectoralis and B.barbulus is determined using chi square test,those are identified (male/female) as 1/1:1 and 1:1 respectively. Conclusively these species were separated form each other previously so they are independent now. Manuscript profile
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        315 - Determination of lead and cadmium concentration in meat of four species of Cyprinid fish from Beheshtabad River, Chaharmahal & Bakhtyari Province and the relation with age and fish speaies
        M. Raissy M. Ansari E. Rahimi
        Ninety meat samples of fishes caught from BeheshtabadRiver including Cyprinus carpio (n=29), Carassius auratus gibelio (n=15), Alburnus alburnus (n=27) and Capoeta aculeata (n=19) collected and used for determination of lead and cadmium with the graphite furnace atomic More
        Ninety meat samples of fishes caught from BeheshtabadRiver including Cyprinus carpio (n=29), Carassius auratus gibelio (n=15), Alburnus alburnus (n=27) and Capoeta aculeata (n=19) collected and used for determination of lead and cadmium with the graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry after wet digestion. Fish sampling was done by cast net during summer, autumn and winter 2007 and spring 2008. The results showed that the mean concentrations of lead and cadmium was 181.6 and 91.03 in Cyprinus carpio, 191.07 and 88.13 in Carassius auratus gibelio, 145.7 and 70.85 in Alburnus alburnus and 117.92 and 60.68 &micro;g/kg in Capoeta aculeata. The mean concentrations of lead and cadmium in total samples were 159.02 and 78.09 &micro;g/kg, respectively. The mean concentration of cadmium in samples examined exceeded acceptable threshold established in the European Commission (EC). Lead and cadmium concentration in 10% and 57.5% of samples exceeded the tolerance limits established in EC respectively. The results showed that there is significant difference between cadmium levels in meat of fish species (P&lt;0.05). The high concentration of cadmium and lead in fish meat is probably due to missusing of phosphate fertilizers in agriculture affairs and entry of agricultural sewage into the river.&nbsp; Ninety meat samples of fishes caught from BeheshtabadRiver including Cyprinus carpio (n=29), Carassius auratus gibelio (n=15), Alburnus alburnus (n=27) and Capoeta aculeata (n=19) collected and used for determination of lead and cadmium with the graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry after wet digestion. Fish sampling was done by cast net during summer, autumn and winter 2007 and spring 2008. The results showed that the mean concentrations of lead and cadmium was 181.6 and 91.03 in Cyprinus carpio, 191.07 and 88.13 in Carassius auratus gibelio, 145.7 and 70.85 in Alburnus alburnus and 117.92 and 60.68 &micro;g/kg in Capoeta aculeata. The mean concentrations of lead and cadmium in total samples were 159.02 and 78.09 &micro;g/kg, respectively. The mean concentration of cadmium in samples examined exceeded acceptable threshold established in the European Commission (EC). Lead and cadmium concentration in 10% and 57.5% of samples exceeded the tolerance limits established in EC respectively. The results showed that there is significant difference between cadmium levels in meat of fish species (P&lt;0.05). The high concentration of cadmium and lead in fish meat is probably due to missusing of phosphate fertilizers in agriculture affairs and entry of agricultural sewage into the river.&nbsp; Manuscript profile
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        316 - Assessment of Diversity, density and distribution of zooplankton of estuarine region of Tajan River
        M. Shapoori A. Javanshir H. Azarbad
        Assessed region consisted of TajanRiver estuarine region is one of the sub-basins of the Caspian Sea in flow basin, which has a 2-km2 area. In this assessment, 6 stations were chosen in riverine, estuarine and marine regions, and density, diversity and distribution of z More
        Assessed region consisted of TajanRiver estuarine region is one of the sub-basins of the Caspian Sea in flow basin, which has a 2-km2 area. In this assessment, 6 stations were chosen in riverine, estuarine and marine regions, and density, diversity and distribution of zooplankton were measured by monthly sampling. Identified zooplankton of Tajan region consisted of 4 main groups, including Protozoa, Rotatoria، Cladocera,and Copepoda while Temporary zooplankton comprised bivalve larvae (veliger), Barnacles ، Ostracoda and Tintinidium. Totally, 19 genera of the above mentioned groups were identified. Copepoda was recognized as the most important and dominant planktonic group .The results of one-way Analysis of Variance and descriptive statistics showed a significant difference among 3 reveries, estuarine and marine regions. For the average amount of zooplankton diversity index with confidence percentage of 99. Tukey multi- range comparison test showed that Shannon diversity index indicated a significant difference between the river and the sea. Assessing the diversity index in 3 riverine, estuarine and marine regions during a year, estuarine region had the highest diversity compared with riverine and marine regions. Manuscript profile
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        317 - Macro invertebrate benthos of Kalarood River as water quality index
        M. Shapoori A. Vosooghi M. Babazade S. Vatandoost
        In this research, water quality of Kalarood River of Babol was studied by identification of Macro invertebrate benthos. The result of this study was compared by ratio of EPT to Chironomidae and HFBI index. Six stations were selected and sampling was done seasonally for More
        In this research, water quality of Kalarood River of Babol was studied by identification of Macro invertebrate benthos. The result of this study was compared by ratio of EPT to Chironomidae and HFBI index. Six stations were selected and sampling was done seasonally for one year. Arthropoda and platy worm are the main branch of invertebrate benthos; in four class, eight order and eleven families. Maximum and minimum of diversity and density was observed in spring and summer in all stations, respectively. Also maximum and minimum of diversity was measured in station one and six, respectively. The relationship between physical and hydrological parameters were significant (p&lt;0.05) in different season but it was not significant in different stations (p&gt;0.05). HFBI index showed that minimum, maximum and average of this index was 3.99 in fall, 4.62 in spring and 4.33 respectively. The result of this study indicated that the water quality in the upstream was in normal range (good to medium condition) but in the other hand downstream and middle stream was in good condition. Manuscript profile
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        318 - Heavy metals (Zinc, Copper) in sediment and macrobenthose of Namrood River in Tehran Province
        M. Shapoori M. Rezaei A. Kamali
        Benthic macroinvertebrate communities are one of the key biological components considered for the assessment of benthic integrity in the context of the Water Framework Directive. The effect of industrial and agricultural wastewater effluent on water quality, habitat qua More
        Benthic macroinvertebrate communities are one of the key biological components considered for the assessment of benthic integrity in the context of the Water Framework Directive. The effect of industrial and agricultural wastewater effluent on water quality, habitat quality, and benthic macroinvertebrates of an urban stream in Namrood River located in Firoozkooh (Tehran province, Iran) was investigated in this study. The Namrood River is situated by the main road and is being polluted by pollutants from tourism industry and recreational centers, gas stations, sewage from villages, agricultural wastewater and fish culture effluent.&nbsp; In the present study, three stations were selected, one station as blank and two stations, up and downstream were selected to sample the sediments and Chironomidae and Gammarus pluex in both cold and warm seasons of the year. The copper and zinc levels were measured in sediment and benthos. The results showed that copper and zinc concentration range in benthos were 0.170-0.966 and 0.187-3.846 ppm, respectively.&nbsp; Sediments of the upstream station had the highest copper concentration among the samples in both cold and warm seasons of the year and the highest concentration of Zn was observed in sediments of upstream station in cold season.Comparing the average concentration of studied elements with WHO permissible limits showed concentrations lower than standard for Copper and Zinc element in sediment and benthos.‌ Manuscript profile
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        319 - A survey on morphometric and meristic characteristics of Squalius cephalus(Linnaeus, 1758) population of Tajan river in Mazandaran Province
        M. Babazadeh S. Vatandoost
        In this study, during a sampling period from summer 2011 to spring 2012, a total number of 167 samples of Squalius cephalus were gathered, from which 86 ones were taken from Shahid Rajai Dam Lake and 81 from Tajan River (downside of the dam). In this study 27 features o More
        In this study, during a sampling period from summer 2011 to spring 2012, a total number of 167 samples of Squalius cephalus were gathered, from which 86 ones were taken from Shahid Rajai Dam Lake and 81 from Tajan River (downside of the dam). In this study 27 features of morphometric and 9 features of meristic characteristics were analyzed. The obtained data was analyzed and tested using SPSS 16 with T-test and PCA. Based on the obtained results, the main CV of morphometric and meristic characteristic of Squalius cephalus in the Shahid Rajai Dam Lake were 34.82 and 7.33 percent and Tajan River (down the dam) were 20.48 and 6.26 percent, respectively. The morphometric characteristics before analysis were standardized to reduce mistake resulting from alometric growth. About the morphometric characteristics, 10 factors that showed 81.37 percent variety of characteristics and about the meristic characteristics 4 factors that showed 66.84 percent of characteristic varieties were taken between these two stations. Also the Squalius cephalus of these two stations had significant difference in five characteristics (p&le;0.05). In the obtained results, by using the method of breaking in to major parameters (PCA), there was a rather low level of overlapping. Yet no population separation witnessed. Manuscript profile
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        320 - Isolation and identification of toluene-degrading bacteria from oil spills of Gharehsoo River located in Kermanshah city
        Narges Shamsi Roya Moravej
        Background &amp; Objectives: Biodegradation is one of the most useful methods for elimination of oil spills and is recently considered as a promising approaches due to numbers of advantages, including low costs, high efficiency and being environment friendly. Gharehsoo More
        Background &amp; Objectives: Biodegradation is one of the most useful methods for elimination of oil spills and is recently considered as a promising approaches due to numbers of advantages, including low costs, high efficiency and being environment friendly. Gharehsoo river is one of those regions which have been contaminated by oil spills during recent years due to its vicinity to Kermanshah Oil Refining Company. This study was aimed to isolate and identify the toluene-degrading bacteria from oil spills in Gharehsoo river located at Kermanshah city. Materials &amp; Methods: In this experimental study, the samples were collected from water, soil and active sludge of the contaminated areas. Two isolates were achieved by enrichment of the samples into a selective medium containing toluene. Then, the isolates were identified using morphology, Gram staining, biochemical methods and 16S rRNA sequencing. Also, the ability of isolates to eliminate toluene was testes based on Gas chromatography. Results: Both isolates were identified as Pseudomonas putida strains. Gas chromatography tests showed that the isolates 1 and 2 were able to degrade toluene into the selective medium (0.5% v/v) 89% and 87%, at 72 C, respectively. The isolates were also able to resist and grow under harsh conditions of temperature, pH and osmolality. It was proved that the isolates were able to continue their activity and growth in the presence of other crude oil pollutants (benzene, xylene, ethyl-benzene). Conclusion: Our results showed that these isolates were very efficient for elimination of oil pollutants due to their high growth rate in the presence of relatively high toluene concentration and to the ability to degrade a wide range of oil toxic compounds. Manuscript profile
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        321 - Isolation and identification of mercury resistant bacteria from water and sediments of Kor River, Iran
        Farshid Kafilzadeh Nima Mirzaei Mehdi Kargar
        Background and objectives: Mercury is one of the most toxic heavy metals. Even small amounts of mercury are highly toxic for all organisms, but some bacteria are resistant to mercury using special mechanisms. The aims of this study were isolation and identification of m More
        Background and objectives: Mercury is one of the most toxic heavy metals. Even small amounts of mercury are highly toxic for all organisms, but some bacteria are resistant to mercury using special mechanisms. The aims of this study were isolation and identification of mercury resistant bacteria and survey of relation between levels of environment pollution to mercury and isolation of resistant bacteria. Material and methods: The samples were collected from water and sediments of four stations of Kor River in four seasons from summer 2006 to spring 2007. Amount of mercury in the samples were measured. Bacterial numbers in both medium containing mercury and with out mercury were enumerated. Isolation of mercury resistant bacteria was performed using primary enrichment and direct plating on agar. The bacteria were identified with conventional biochemical tests. Results: The number bacteria in the medium with out Hg was 1&times;107 CFU/ml or CFU/g and more than medium containing Hg. Frequencies of mercury resistant bacteria was 54.2 % in Ploe Khan station and 4.3 % in Droodzan station. These stations were the most contaminated and uncontaminated areas of the Kor River Respectively. Different bacterial genera such as Pseudomonas sp., Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus sp., Entrobacter sp., Klebsiella sp., Serratia marcescens and etc. were identified as mercury resistant bacteria. Conclusion: Our study showed utilization of primary enrichment in comparing to the direct plating on agar lead to better isolation of mercury resistant bacteria. Moreover, enhancement of mercury levels in the environment will increase the probability of the isolation of mercury resistant bacteria. Manuscript profile
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        322 - A framework for identifying the drivers affecting the future of the banking industry with emphasis on the role of financial technology
        Behzad Moumivand Reza Gholami Jamkarani Mohammad Hasan Maleki Hossein Jahangirnia
        10.30495/fed.2023.698848
        Abstract In the present era, the development of digital currencies, open banking and digital banking has remarkably transformed the banking services market. Financial technology is one of the areas that will fundamentally change banking and its services.Fintechs with n More
        Abstract In the present era, the development of digital currencies, open banking and digital banking has remarkably transformed the banking services market. Financial technology is one of the areas that will fundamentally change banking and its services.Fintechs with new financial innovations create new business models, applications, processes and new products that have a significant impact on financial markets and the financial services industry. The present study seeks to identify the effective drivers on banking by emphasizing the role of financial technology. The present study is applied in terms of orientation and is a mixed research in terms of methodology. In this study, two methods of qualitative (meta-synthesis) and quantitative (best-worst fuzzy) were used to analyze the data. Therefore, the research has pragmatic philosophical foundations. The key driversis one of the factors that shape and influence the future of a given subject. In the first step, effective drivers were extracted using systematic literature review. The 17 research drivers were then prioritized using the fuzzy BWM technique and obtaining expert opinions. The statistical population of the present study is the managers and experts of the banking sector, fintechs and fintech startups in the country, 15 of whom were selected using judgmental sampling method. Finally, the drivers of integration and homogeneity of laws and standards for the development of financial technology activities, the growth of banking startups, changing the demands of new generations in banking services and the performance of technology parks and incubators in accelerating the entry of innovation into the business environmenthad the highest priority.Then the practical suggestions of the research based on the most important drivers were presented. Manuscript profile
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        323 - Scenarios of order in the Middle East until 2030 with emphasis on the activism of Iran and Saudi Arabia
        Zahed Ghaffari Hashjin Ayub Nikunahad
        After the Islamic Revolution, one of the most stable models of regional order in the Middle East, has been the competition between the Islamic Republic of Iran and Saudi Arabia. However, one cannot speak of fully establishing this pattern of bipolar order in the Middle More
        After the Islamic Revolution, one of the most stable models of regional order in the Middle East, has been the competition between the Islamic Republic of Iran and Saudi Arabia. However, one cannot speak of fully establishing this pattern of bipolar order in the Middle East. And the Middle East regional order may change dramatically over the next ten years. The present study seeks to answer the main question of what the future scenarios of regional order in the Middle East will be like by 2030,and what is the favorable scenario for the Islamic Republic of Iran and Saudi Arabia under these patterns of regional order?In order to provide answers to the questions with a futuristic approach, the method of identifying and analyzing the impulses affecting the formation of regional order and identifying weak surprises and weak markers was used through interviewing experts using Mick Mac software. The research findings consistent with the effect of key drivers and analysis of power blockades in this region indicate that a wide range of scenarios can be proposed regarding the Middle East regional order,but the most desirable order for Iran is the hegemony of the revolutionary order and the most probable scenario for the Islamic Republic is the continuation of the balance of power scenario in this region. In contrast, the most favorable scenario for the pro-Western order is the hegemony of the Western-Salafi order and the most probable scenario for the pro-Western order is the continuation of the balance of power scenario. Manuscript profile
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        324 - Common Reed (Phragmites australis) as a Bio Refining and Monitoring Plant of Pollution Resulting from Heavy Metals (Case Study: Dez River, Dezful, Iran)
        Samar Mortazavi Alireza Ieldromi Parisa Norozi Fard
        Manuscript profile
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        325 - Biophysical Characteristics of Deli River Watershed to Know Potential Flooding in Medan City, Indonesia
        Sumihar Hutapea
        Manuscript profile
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        326 - Assessment of Deli Watershed Flood that Caused Some Damage in Medan City, Indonesia
        Sumihar Hutapea
        Manuscript profile
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        327 - Socioeconomic and Ecological Transitions of Pastoral System in Semi-arid Areas of Rift Valley, Fentale District, Ethiopia
        Fikrineh Negash
        Manuscript profile
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        328 - Survey of Relationship between Input Parameters and Calculated Suspended Sediment Discharge by Bagnold and Lane - Kalinske Method (Bazoft River, Iran)
        Nazila Sedaei Afshin Honarbakhsh Sayyed Farhad Mousavi
        Manuscript profile
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        329 - Tracking of Driving Forces affecting the future of Customs Organization up to the horizon 1410
        Bagher Babanejad Mohsen Taheri Demneh Samereh Shojaei mohammad bagher gorji
        Expansion of factors affecting an organization levels is one of the major challenges facing organizations in designing a favorable outlook, So Understanding the organization's environment in order to Benefit of opportunities and avoid threats requires a new approach, be More
        Expansion of factors affecting an organization levels is one of the major challenges facing organizations in designing a favorable outlook, So Understanding the organization's environment in order to Benefit of opportunities and avoid threats requires a new approach, beyond the usual methods of planning and forecasting.Strategic foresight is one of the tools for future research. The present exploratory research with a combination of qualitative and quantitative models and with this approach has tracked the driving forces affecting the future of customs. For this purpose, Mega-trends were studied in six areas based on PESTEL and then In an interview with Customs experts, a list of effective factors was identified, which led to the design of a questionnaire with 30 factors. This questionnaire was weighted and completed through a panel of experts. Data analysis by the method of cross impact analysis in Micmac software shows that driving forces such as stakeholders and public expectations, a culture of honesty and the fight against corruption, transparency of laws and facilitation of procedures and virtual customs will have the greatest impact on the future of the Customs, Therefore Macro decision-making, strategic planning and future customs conditions should be outlined according to these driving forces. Manuscript profile
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        330 - Socio-cultural explanation of job proximity to drug use and road accidents resulting from it (studied by truck drivers in Kerman province)
        Maryam Yazdan Shenas Seyed Mohsen Banihashemi hassan khairi Khalil Mirzaee
        Using drugs and its consequences are included in one of the major social and economic problems in societies. The phenomenon of road accidents and also its causes and consequences, is considered as another problem in our current society. Regardless of the factors such as More
        Using drugs and its consequences are included in one of the major social and economic problems in societies. The phenomenon of road accidents and also its causes and consequences, is considered as another problem in our current society. Regardless of the factors such as safety and standard of cars and roads, the human factor is considered as one of the most prominent causes of road accidents. So The purpose of doing this study was to determine the causes of Kerman truck driver&rsquo;s tendency to drug abuse and also its consequences. The research method is qualitative and the method of gathering information is through interviewing with 20 truck drivers who works in Kerman province that is done through purposeful selection until the conceptual saturation stage is reached. The findings of this study showed that there are such feelings that in this case is a kind of business affinity between drug use and truck driving. This proximity reinforces stereotypes about the need to use drugs to overcome fatigue and increase physical strength. Among the consequences of job proximity in drug use are fatal road accidents, occupational problems and imprisonment. Manuscript profile
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        331 - A Framework for Identifying Affecting Drivers on the Future of Financial Technology Using Fuzzy Delphi and Fuzzy AHP Type 2
        reza koshesh kordsholi mohammad hassan maleki Reza Gholami Jamkarani
        Financial technology has drastically changed the financial services industry andinstitutions in areas such as banking and insurance. Given the increasing role of FinTech in the future of the financial services industry, important understand the affecting drivers on futu More
        Financial technology has drastically changed the financial services industry andinstitutions in areas such as banking and insurance. Given the increasing role of FinTech in the future of the financial services industry, important understand the affecting drivers on future of financial technology. The present study seeks to identify and prioritize the drivers affect the future of financial technology in the country. This study has positive philosophical basis due to the use quantitative methods and its orientation is practical. The theoretical population the research is financial technology experts in the country and the samples were selected using judgmental sampling method. Two tools of interview and questionnaire were used to collect data. To analyze the data, the drivers extracted from the literature review and interviews with experts were first screened using fuzzy Delphi and expert opinions. the 14 key drivers identified, 7 drivers were excluded using fuzzy Delphi analysis and remaining factors were analyzed using the best-worst fuzzy typetechnique. Given the weights gained, the drivers of international exchanges and transactions, models cooperation between fintech institutions and traditional financial institutions and paying attention the interests and views of stakeholders in developing laws and regulations have the greatest impact on the future of financial technology. Manuscript profile
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        332 - Modelling the Impact of Trapping Blackfly Vectors on the Transmission of Onchocerciasis
        Julius Tumwiine Raymond Muhumuza
        Manuscript profile
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        333 - Investigation of heavy metals (Cadmium, Lead) in Chironomidae and Gammarus pulex Namrood River – Tehran Province
        Rezaei M. Kamali A. and Shapoori M.
        10.22034/jchr.2012.543979
        Manuscript profile
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        334 - Assessment of Organochlorine (OC) Pesticides Residues in Sediment, Soil, and Fish Samples from River Owan, Edo State, Nigeria
        Akinyinka Akinnusotu Justina E. Ukpebor Felix E. Okieimen Benjamin O. Opawale Eniayo A. Komolafe
        10.22034/jchr.2022.1923643.1263
        Manuscript profile
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        335 - Source of Microplastic Pollution Within Human Stool in the Surabaya River Basin Area
        Edza Wikurendra Sofi Aini Imre Nagy Globila Nurika Novera Herdiani Shamsul Shamsudin
        10.22034/jchr.2022.1940009.1406
        Manuscript profile
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        336 - Estimation of some Trace Metals in Water, Sediments and Two Species of Aquatic Plants in the Al-Garaf River at Al-Rafa District- Southern Iraq
        Ihsan Hameed Khudhair Israa Ibrihem Lazim Neran adnan Al Naqeeb Afrah Abid Maktoof
        10.22034/jchr.2021.682102
        Manuscript profile
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        337 - Comparison of Cellular and Biochemical Blood Factors in Capoeta capoeta gracilic in Siyahroud and Talar Rivers in Mazandaran Province
        فاطمه یوسف زاده شعبانعلی نظامی حسین خارا
        Capoeta capoeta gracilisis one of the semicommercial fishes in basin from the Caspian Sea. In present research, in order to compare the Cellular and biochemical parameters of blood serum in different habitats, in during the breeding season this fish, 100 pieces were stu More
        Capoeta capoeta gracilisis one of the semicommercial fishes in basin from the Caspian Sea. In present research, in order to compare the Cellular and biochemical parameters of blood serum in different habitats, in during the breeding season this fish, 100 pieces were studied in Talar and Siyahroud rivers. After blood obtaining in the way on caudal peduncle incision in smaller fish and heart ponxion in larger fish, the amount of some of hematologic parameters Including the total count and subtraction ofWBC, the total count of RBC, Hb, Hct, and globule indexes (MCH, MCHC, MCV) were measured manually and with conventional laboratory methods then non-electrolyte experiments of blood serum including Glucose, Cholesterol, Triglycerides Total protein, Albumin, Globulin, Blood urea, Creatinine, AST, ALT, ALP as well non-electrolyte such as Calcium, Sodium, and Potassium were done based on standard and experimental method and meanandstandard error each of the foresaid parameters were determined. The results from statistical analysis showed That the comparison of biochemical parameters of Capoeta capoeta gracilis blood serum between these two rivers, The significant difference was observed in the amount of Triglyceride, Total protein, Globulin, Albumin, Phosphorus, Glucose, ALT, Creatinine, blood urea, Uric acid, Potassium Sodium andCholesterol (Pandlt;0.05). While significant differences were not observed in parameters of Calcium, AST and ALP (Pandgt;0.05). In other hand, that the comparison of cellular blood parameters The significant difference was observed in the number of WBC, RBC, Hct, Hb, MCH, MCV and MCHC between these two rivers(Pandlt;0.05). While in the percent of lymphocytes, eosinophilemonocytes and neutrophilswere not observed significant differences (Pandgt;0.05). According to obtained results perhaps it can be stated that the population of Capoeta capoeta gracilic in different habitats weredistinct from each other and have partly different blood parameter that these differences can be because of different environmental conditions Manuscript profile
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        338 - The Study of Effects of Pollution on Macroinvertebrates Populations of Cheshmekile River of Tonekabon Based on Biological Indicators
        روح الله عباسپور مسعود هدایتی فرد جواد مسگران کریمی آزاده طوسی
        CheshmekileRiver in the southern Caspian Sea is an important and valuable habitat for migrating species and birth collect valuable fisheries such as salmon trutta caspius and Rutilus frisii kutuIn. In the present study, to assess the quality of river water Cheshmekile T More
        CheshmekileRiver in the southern Caspian Sea is an important and valuable habitat for migrating species and birth collect valuable fisheries such as salmon trutta caspius and Rutilus frisii kutuIn. In the present study, to assess the quality of river water Cheshmekile Tonekabon in the year 1389-1390 based on macroinvertebrates fauna River studies at four stations within twelve sampling intervals with surber level 0.1m2 and three replicate were performed.The study of 47 families belonging to 15 order and six category macroinvertebrate in the River was identified. Indicator of biodiversity in the River is among the highest diversity of aquatic insect larvae simultaneous sampling benthic some of physical and chemical factors such as water temperature of BOD5 and TDS were measured at stations that the above factors in the stations were significantly different at 0.05. Probability level (pandgt;0.05) did not show. Results show that the order Diptera and Ephemeroptera were organismsat all stations. Maximum abundance of organism at this time to a station 1 with 44% and minimum of 16% were related to the station 4.Kruskal Wallis test order index invertebrates order Plecoptera, Trichoptera, Ephemeroptera, Other in stations throughout is the year indicators a significant difference between the confidence level of 0.05(pandlt;0.05) but the family Chironomidae at four stations during the year showed no significant difference between stations. The investigation showed that the minimum mean EPT/CHIR owned station 4 with 0.79 and the maximum is 3.32 to station 1. Based on biological indicators Hinselhof (HFBI) during the years the station 1 has a very good quality condition, station 2 has a status of good quality, and station 3 has a with an average of stations 4 and the conditions were relatively poor. Results showed that the four stations due to pressure from domestic and municipal sewage and wastewater, machine shops, laundering, branch fish sales and discharge of urban waste in the river with a high pollution load sand and gravel plants, legal and illegal removal of sand from the river bed is relatively weak in terms of seasons creates. Manuscript profile
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        339 - The Study of the Fishes Fauna in Bidoaz River of Esfarayen
        زهرا سلطانی احمد قارزی اتابک روحی
        In this research, the fishes fauna of Bidoaz River was studied. This river is a permanent water source which flows in Northern Khorasan province. The total water-shed of this river covers an area of about 434 km2. During several field works, a total of 136 fish were sam More
        In this research, the fishes fauna of Bidoaz River was studied. This river is a permanent water source which flows in Northern Khorasan province. The total water-shed of this river covers an area of about 434 km2. During several field works, a total of 136 fish were sampled by appropriate tools and the collected specimens were transferred to the laboratory where then they were killed by ethanol injection to their brain. Afterwards, the morphologic, biometric and biomeristic characters of samples were examined any using the available keys they were taxonomically identified. In general, three species of fish all belonging to Cypriniformis, including Schizothorax pelzami, Capoeta fusca and Nemachilus malapteruruswere recognized. In addition, the sex ratio of these taxons were examined and a significant difference (Pandlt;0.05) was seen in terms of male/ female ratio Manuscript profile
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        340 - Survey Effects of Benefited Gravels on Benthic Invertebrates in Tonekabon River
        مژگان روشن طبری
        This research was done for surveying effects of benefited gravels on benthic animals in Tonekaboon River in southern of Caspian Sea from 1382 to 1383. Seasonal sampling were done in two stations from upper and under the river and one station in benefited gravel area .th More
        This research was done for surveying effects of benefited gravels on benthic animals in Tonekaboon River in southern of Caspian Sea from 1382 to 1383. Seasonal sampling were done in two stations from upper and under the river and one station in benefited gravel area .the samples catch from stations were included 14 families belong to 9 orders from benthic animals. The density of samples population, in first station between 1020 to 5740 N/m3, in second station between 47 to 1230 N/m3, and third station between 251 to 5577 N/m3, were counted in. The least of abundance and biomass were belong to second station and 5% of total benthoses in this area, were content. Because of subversion of habitat and unstable bed of the river and Seston increasing, abundance of benthoses was decreased extremely. The effects of bed destructed to bank of river were traced. Manuscript profile
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        341 - Morphological and Taxonomical Study of Macrobrachium nipponense (De Haan, 1849) in Siyahdarvishan River, Guilan Province
        مرجان تحقیقی شاهرخ پاشایی راد نسیم هزاوه حمید علاف نویریان هدیه تحقیقی
        In order to find out possible population differentiations of shrimps in Guilan province, a survey was conducted from Jan. to Apr. 2012 in the three stations of Siyahdarvishan River. 813 specimens were collected for the first time. According to Salman etal. (2006) specie More
        In order to find out possible population differentiations of shrimps in Guilan province, a survey was conducted from Jan. to Apr. 2012 in the three stations of Siyahdarvishan River. 813 specimens were collected for the first time. According to Salman etal. (2006) species description, the specimens were identified as Macrobrachium nipponense and they were confirmed by Oxford University Museum of Natural History in the United Kingdom. Results showed that number of eggs varied from 501 to 3578, Sex ratio of male to female was 1 to 1.4, the number of ventral rostral teeth in males and females were from 0 to 6, and dorsal rostral teeth were 8 to 18 in females and in males were 10 to 18. It seems that habitat differences, geographical and ecological situation are the reason for these results. Manuscript profile
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        342 - Effluence of Aquaculture on Bioabundance of Macroinvertebrates in Dohezar River in Tonekabon
        جواد مسگران کریمی قباد آذری تاکامی حسین خارا روح الله عباسپور
        The present study aims to explore, the Dohezar river biological diversity and abundance of Macro benthos using demographic indicators from October 2010- 0ctober 2011. Samples of macroinvertebrates were collected monthly from 7 stations designated as station 1 (upstream More
        The present study aims to explore, the Dohezar river biological diversity and abundance of Macro benthos using demographic indicators from October 2010- 0ctober 2011. Samples of macroinvertebrates were collected monthly from 7 stations designated as station 1 (upstream of the river course) to station 7 (downstream of the river course) for a period of 12 months. A combined total of 60 families and 18 orders and 7 class species of macroinvertebraits were encountered in the study. with the sampling of benthic fauna of some physic-chemical factors such as temperature, BOD5, DO, pH were also measured at the station in that the above factors does showed significant difference at the probable level of 5% (Pandlt;0.05) Except DO that does not showed significant difference at the above-mentioned stations.The fauna data surveyed with using SHANON and EPT andamp; EPT/Ch biological index. One-sided variance analysis test of index indicates existing a significant difference among the stations in probable level of 5 %( Pandlt;0.05).According to EPT index, the highest mean belongs to station 3with 70.66 score mean possibly due to minor contamination and the lowest score belongs to station 7 with 22 mean score which has the average level of organic contamination. The EPT/Ch index, the highest mean belongs to station 1with 1.11 score mean possibly due to minor contamination and the lowest score belongs to station 7 with 0.31 mean score which has the average level of organic contamination. . The SHANON index, the highest mean belongs to station 2with 2.27 score mean possibly due to minor contamination and the lowest score belongs to station 7 with 1.77 mean score which has the average level of organic contamination. Manuscript profile
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        343 - The Study of Fishes Fauna of the Aharchay River in Eastern Azerbaijan Province
        سید مهدی بانان خجسته محمدرضا سیف ریحانی محمدرضا رحیمی بشر
        The present study was conducted to determine fish species diversity in Aharchay River and Sattarkhan barrier (East Azerbaijan province) during autumn to summer, 2007-2008. Twelve sampling places were choosen. Samples were fixed in 10 % formalin solution and transported More
        The present study was conducted to determine fish species diversity in Aharchay River and Sattarkhan barrier (East Azerbaijan province) during autumn to summer, 2007-2008. Twelve sampling places were choosen. Samples were fixed in 10 % formalin solution and transported to laboratory for biometrical analyses. Total frequencies of species during each season were as follow: autumn 31.7 %, winter 19.6 %, spring 20.5 %, and summer 28.2 %. Eight species were identified that belonged to 3 families including: Cyprinidae (with 6 species), Cobitidae (1 species) and Percidae (1 species), and their relative frequencies were 78.1 %, 21.5% and 0.4 %, respectively. It was found that the Capoeta capoeta, was the predominant species of Aharchay river with relative frequency of 33.2 %. Manuscript profile
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        344 - Ardabil present in this reserch biological study amphibians to river balekhlv on the province
        رامین محمدی آلوچه حاجی قلی کمی هومن شجیعی علیرضا داداشی
        A large number of amphibians were collected and identified from river and ranway is from April to March 2008andshy;_2009 all of hem belong to the order Anura including 4 speciesPelophylax ridibunda ridibunda and Rana camerani from he family Ranidae andPseudepidalae viri More
        A large number of amphibians were collected and identified from river and ranway is from April to March 2008andshy;_2009 all of hem belong to the order Anura including 4 speciesPelophylax ridibunda ridibunda and Rana camerani from he family Ranidae andPseudepidalae viridis viridis from he family Bufinidae and 1 specimen tree frog from the family Hylidae. the tree frog is reported for the first time in area.in this research 40 adult specimens were ecologically studied in terms of morphology and behavior. also was used to valid species summary for this region site with many samples is scattered vnmuvdar.the best identification factor between frogs and toads is the presence of paratoid glands on the back of head in toad. and of the all species there in males pineal body and intensified sound.64 percent of collected specimens areP.ridibunda ridibunda and18 percent are Rana camerani and15percent are. Pseudepidalae viridis viridis and 3 percent are Hyla savignyi. Manuscript profile
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        345 - The Relationship Between Weight and Total Length of Males and Females Broodstocks with some Reproductive Parameters of Rutilus frisii kutum in Reproduction Time in Shirud River
        M.R. Ghomi S. Hashemi C. Makhdoomi
        This study was accomplished during the period of breeding and migration of the kutum (2015) to the Shirud River (Tonekabon, Iran) on 60 male and female broodstocks. During this study, the relationship between total length and weight of adult males and females broodstock More
        This study was accomplished during the period of breeding and migration of the kutum (2015) to the Shirud River (Tonekabon, Iran) on 60 male and female broodstocks. During this study, the relationship between total length and weight of adult males and females broodstocks with the reproductive parameters such as the number of eggs per gram, egg weight, egg diameter, number of larvae produced in gram, the weight of larvae produced, and the fertilization rate have been measured. According to Pearson correlation test, results showed that there was a negative significant correlation (P Manuscript profile
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        346 - Investigation of Heavy Metals in Carasobarbus Luteus, Barbus Grypus and Tilapia sp. and Risk Assessment for Consumers in Shavour River of Shush County
        Reza Salighehzadeh Marjan Mosafer saad bayat
        10.22034/ascij.2024.2002502.1565
        The purpose of this study is to investigate the native fish of Hamri, Shirbat and Tilapila in Shavor River in Shush city in terms of heavy metal contamination and risk assessment for consumers. To investigate the amount of heavy metals remaining in fish meat) were colle More
        The purpose of this study is to investigate the native fish of Hamri, Shirbat and Tilapila in Shavor River in Shush city in terms of heavy metal contamination and risk assessment for consumers. To investigate the amount of heavy metals remaining in fish meat) were collected from several parts of Shavor River in Shush city. The results obtained from the descriptive statistics of the residual amount of elements in Shirbat, Hamri and Tilapila species of fish did not have a significant relationship with the amount of cobalt, copper, nickel and zinc residual heavy metals in fish meat with international health standards, it showed that the concentration of all elements Except for lead and nickel, they were significantly (p&lt;0.05) below the permissible limit. The concentration of lead was significantly (p&lt;0.05) higher than the permissible limit. The health risk assessment showed that according to the maximum tolerable daily intake (MTDI) of heavy metals, the daily and continuous consumption of these products by different age groups (children and adults) of consumers is completely safe, except for lead, and there is no risk of this there are no comments for them. The results of this research showed that the average concentration of arsenic, cadmium, cobalt, chromium, copper, iron, mercury, manganese, molybdenum, nickel, tin and zinc in Shirbat, Hamri and Tilapila fishes is lower than the international standards and only Pb concentrations were higher compared to FAO/WHO. Also, the estimation of daily intake and according to the MTDI values of all metals except lead showed that the consumption of Shirbat, Hamri and Tilapila fish currently does not pose a risk to human health, however, to prevent possible contamination in the future In terms of management, more attention should be paid to these pollutants and their possible sources. Manuscript profile
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        347 - Road detection by image processing, using neural network
        Ahmad Keshavarzi Mehdi Keshavarz Alireza Moradi
        Manuscript profile
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        348 - Analyzing the Status of Intra-Organizational Drivers of Business Model Innovation in Defense Complex Product Development Organizations
        gholamreza tavakoli Morteza Marofany hasan farsijani mohamad hoseyn karimigavareshki
        Recent research in the field of management points to the importance of business models for creating value and increasing the performance of organizations. The importance of this issue is felt more than ever for organizations developing complex products. The concept of c More
        Recent research in the field of management points to the importance of business models for creating value and increasing the performance of organizations. The importance of this issue is felt more than ever for organizations developing complex products. The concept of complex products and systems is used to make a distinction between capital goods (with advanced technology) and standard and consumer goods (production with a mass system). This research has identified and analyzed the importance and performance of business model innovation drivers in organizations that develop complex defense products. After identifying the drivers (thematic analysis of the data obtained from the background study of the subject, review of strategic documents and formation of focus groups), through the preparation and distribution of a questionnaire among 260 managers and experts who are aware of the opportunities and challenges of developing complex products through targeted sampling were selected, the status of importance-performance in each of the identified drivers was measured for the desired organizations. The drivers were categorized in the performance-importance analysis matrix and the improvement priority of each of them was determined. 54 drivers were identified in 8 dimensions. Based on the importance-performance matrix, "focus strategy" was suggested for 45 drivers and "status quo continuation strategy" was suggested for 9 drivers. None of the propellants were in the waste or indifference zone Manuscript profile
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        349 - A Framework for Identifying and Analyzing Drivers Affecting the Future of the Retail Industry with a Focus on Human Factors (Case Study: Hyper Family Chain Stores)
        Ali Mohaghar mohamad hasan maleki Seyed Milad Seyed Javadein
        Objective: The retail industry and chain stores play an important role in the economic development of countries and the efficiency of the supply chain. Human factors are one of the drivers that will completely change the future of this industry. The current research see More
        Objective: The retail industry and chain stores play an important role in the economic development of countries and the efficiency of the supply chain. Human factors are one of the drivers that will completely change the future of this industry. The current research seeks to identify and analyze the drivers affecting the future of hyper family chain stores, focusing on human factors.Method: The current research is applied in terms of orientation and pragmatic in terms of philosophical foundations. In this research, various quantitative (Fuzzy Delphi and Copras) and qualitative (focus group and root definitions tool) methods were used for data analysis. The theoretical community of the research was the managers and senior consultants of human resources management in hyper family. Sampling was done as a judgment based on the expertise of experts in the field of retail industry. The sample size was equal to 10 people.Findings: 30 drivers were extracted through literature review and structured interviews with experts. Then expert assessment questionnaires were distributed among the experts and the data were analyzed using the fuzzy Delphi method. 13 drivers had a de-fuzzy number higher than 0.7 and were selected for final prioritization with Copras. The two drivers of data-driven decision making and task automation had the highest priority.Conclusion: The research scenarios were developed based on two priority drivers considering the six components of the root definitions tool. Some of the suggestions of the research were: using data-based technologies such as business intelligence and big data for human resource management processes, developing a data-based decision-making culture and moving towards more automation in various human resource management processes such as performance evaluation and recruitment and hiring. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        350 - Preparing the map of main drivers for the strategic future study of the effects of the implementation of the Arid Areas Project on Mehran and Godarkhosh plains in line with planning management
        javad alibeygi hamid jalalian farhad azizpour houssein mahdizadeh
        &nbsp; The Arid Areas Project is being implemented with the aim of preventing water withdrawal from the country and creating growth in arid areas. Mehran and Godarkhosh plains are the most important plains in the county of Mehran which are located within the range of t More
        &nbsp; The Arid Areas Project is being implemented with the aim of preventing water withdrawal from the country and creating growth in arid areas. Mehran and Godarkhosh plains are the most important plains in the county of Mehran which are located within the range of the arid areas project.This research is of a practical type in terms of purpose, it is analytical and exploratory based on new methods of future science in terms of its nature which is carried out using a combination of quantitative and qualitative models. Qualitative data were collected by open questionnaire, through interviews and reviewing documents, and quantitative data were performed numerically and through weighting Delphi questionnaires in two stages; In the first stage, using the method of reviewing the references (books, articles, reports, documents) was provided the blackness of the most important factors influencing the development of Mehran and Badkhosh plains and was provided to 20 experts selected through snowball sampling which led to a total extraction of 30 Main Drivers affecting the development of areas. The second stage consists of a first-phase questionnaire completed in which 30 questionnaires were completed for the preparation of special maps and charts, finally, the key factors influencing development through weighting by experts. The output of the interaction analysis model in the micro-macro software shows the relationships between the variables that can be used to transform relationships into direct and indirect relations matrices of variables, maps and Special charts and Identify key factors, and with its facilities allows easy analysis of relations and system structure. The research results show that distribution of variables in the distribution map indicate a highly unstable system status and most of the variables are distributed around the diameter of the plate Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        351 - The quality assessment of Kan River's resources in terms of agricultural and drinking purposes
        Nooshin Sajjadi Mohammad Davoodi S.Ali Jozi
        10.22034/ap.2019.582368.1036
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        352 - Water Quality Assessment Based on HFB I& BMWP Index In Karoon River ,Khouzestan Provience, (Northwest of Persian Gulf)
        sahar jalili
        10.22034/ap.2020.1877482.1047
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        353 - Evaluating the Effects of Agricultural Activities on Nitrate Contamination at the Kamfirooz District, Shiraz, Iran
        Jalal Valiallahi Smaeil Moradi
        10.22034/ap.2020.1882082.1055
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        354 - Investigation of physicochemical properties of water in downstream areas of selected dams in Aras catchment and water quality assessment (Case study: Aras catchment in the border area of Iran and Armenia)
        Ebrahim Safizadeh Dariush Karimi Hamid Reza Gahfarzadeh Seyed Abbas Pourhashemi
        10.22034/ap.2021.1912491.1082
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        355 - Investigation of daily waste load allocation in Zarrineh-rud river for environmental management of cold-water fish species
        Armin Jalalzadeh Hamid Reza Rabieifar Hamidreza Vosoughifar Arash Razmkhah Ebrahim Fataei
        10.22034/ap.2022.1941381.1118
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        356 - Statistical Analysis of Dez River Water Quality, Southwest of Iran
        Naser Ebadati
        10.22034/apj.2017.1.1.4660
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        357 - Investigation on diet preference of Salmo trutta fario in Shafarud River (Guilan Province)
        Seyyed Mohammad Salavatian Keyvan Abbasi Akbar Pourgholami Hamid Abdollahpour Biriya
        Salmo trutta fario is vulnerable population belong to Caspian brown trout and the fish exists in upstream areas of most Iranian rivers at southern Caspian sea basin and it has a relatively suitable density in Shafarud River. The fish was caught with electro-shocker, Cas More
        Salmo trutta fario is vulnerable population belong to Caspian brown trout and the fish exists in upstream areas of most Iranian rivers at southern Caspian sea basin and it has a relatively suitable density in Shafarud River. The fish was caught with electro-shocker, Cast-net and lines from winter 2009 to autumn 2010 and the aim was more information on the fish, biology. Body weight was measured in studied fish specimens 7.54-78.4 (26.54&plusmn;14.7) g, total length 89-192 (128.43&plusmn;21.8) mm and age was 0+ - 4+ (2.15&plusmn;0.8) years old, too. The relative length average of gut was measured 0.85&plusmn;0.10, gastero-somatic index 6.08&plusmn;3.5, intensity of food, 195.45&plusmn;157.4 and coefficient of vacuity was 0 (Zero), too. The fish has fed on 31 families belong to 14 invertebrate orders in Shafarud River consist of Oligochaet vorms (Lumbricidae and Lumbriculidae), Isopoda (Asellidae), Hydroacrina (Hygrobatidae), Myriapoda, Coleoptera (Dytiscidae and Elmidae), Diptera (Blephariceridae,&nbsp;&nbsp; Chironomidae, Empididae,&nbsp; Simuliidae, Stratiomyidae, Tabanidae and Tipulidae), Ephemeroptera (Baetidae, Ephemeridae and Heptagenidae), Hymenoptera (Formicidae), Megaloptera (Sialidae), Odonata (Agrionidae), Plecoptera (Leucteridae, Nemouridae, Taeniopterygidae and&nbsp; Perlidae), Trichoptera (Hydropsychidae, Lepidostomatidae, Limnephilidae, Philopotamidae and&nbsp;&nbsp; Rhyacophilidae) and Hemiptera and thus the fish is a euryphagous and carnivore species in studied area. Study on food preference or frequency of observance of food items in alimentary tract of studied fish showed Diptera and Ephemeroptera orders are main food items in winter, Diptera, Ephemeroptera and Trichoptera orders in spring, Diptera, Ephemeroptera, Trichoptera, Plecoptera and Hymenoptera orders in summer and Diptera and Ephemeroptera orders in autumn, too. These changes took place in different fish ages, too. In general, Diptera (97.9%), Ephemeroptera (83.3%), Plecoptera (52.1%) and Trichoptera (52.1%) were main food for the studied fish in Shafarud River and other orders were secondary or accidental food. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Keywords: Salmo trutta fario, Diet, Shafarud River, Guilan, Iran. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        358 - A Survey of Biodiversity, Abundance and Distribution of the Fish in Gaverood of Kermanshah Province
        ali alizadeh lida shojaei kavan hossein taghoyan reza shahriari
        Three stations were determined to study a biodiversity, abundance and distribution of fish in Gave River. For this purpose the slope, height, bottom, water mean rate , &hellip; of the river were studied. The Cyprinidae had the most species and 9 genera were identified w More
        Three stations were determined to study a biodiversity, abundance and distribution of fish in Gave River. For this purpose the slope, height, bottom, water mean rate , &hellip; of the river were studied. The Cyprinidae had the most species and 9 genera were identified which 6 of them which contain Alburnus, squalius, Barbus, Capoeta, Garra, Cyprinion were the local genera and 3 of them were nonlocal which came with cultured carps. By the means of 2 genera (Oxynoemacheilus &amp;&nbsp; Turcionemacheilus) were identified. The abundance study showed that in all seasons capoeta damascina in Kolgah station and Capoeta trutta in Agahgoone station and Oxynoemachilus sp in Tapeh Esmaeil were the most species and had the most abundance. Manuscript profile
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        359 - A study on the reasons influencing Bank rears in fish ponds of Haraz River
        Mohammad Sadiq Nikpour Nasser Ali Yadollahzadeh Tabari Reza Changizi
        Based on the theoretical principles and conducted empirical studies on deferred credit, we can divide the factors such as individual and social characteristics of the borrower, bank status and environmental conditions. In this paper the affective factors of paid credit More
        Based on the theoretical principles and conducted empirical studies on deferred credit, we can divide the factors such as individual and social characteristics of the borrower, bank status and environmental conditions. In this paper the affective factors of paid credit facilities are considered deeply. Since the population was small, all the experts regarded as the sample. This research considers the effective factors using AHP method. Among these criterions, based on bank experts' views, the following weights were considered; bank status 0/199, individual and social characteristics 0/212 and environmental factors 0/588. So the criteria of environmental factor have the most weight in this research. In general, among 15 criterions, fluctuating exchange rate, natural events, sales and inflation problems are in the first to fourth respectively. Finally, it is suggested that the government must follow some control policies to develop the exchange rate.&nbsp;&nbsp; Manuscript profile
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        360 - Species diversity and distribution pattern of Alburnus sp. in rivers of Kermanshah Province
        Nadali Youssefi Sadati Saber Vatandoust Reza Changizi
        The aim of the species diversity and distribution pattern of Alburnus sp.is to conserve the genetic resources of aquacultures from natural events and human manipulation in summer 2016. This study has done in 30 stations in domestic and cross-border rivers of Kermanshah More
        The aim of the species diversity and distribution pattern of Alburnus sp.is to conserve the genetic resources of aquacultures from natural events and human manipulation in summer 2016. This study has done in 30 stations in domestic and cross-border rivers of Kermanshah Province. Based on the studied stations, two species &nbsp;of Alburnus caeruleus &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;and Alburnus mossulensis were observed. In the rivers in cross-border the highest diversity of Shannon related to the station of fresh water (3/096) and the lowest degree was observed in Mereh Kheil station (0/606). In Kermanshah, in domestic rivers, the highest diversity of Shannon was in Hosseinabad station (3/682) and the lowest degrees were in Bidsorkh station (0/906) and the domestic rivers of station of fresh water (0/871). The results showed that rivers with good flow and intact ecological conditions have more frequency and density than shallow rivers or the ones destroyed by the humans. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Manuscript profile
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        361 - Designing a Model of Success and Failure Factors of Pure Services in Sports Organizations in the West of the Country
        zahed mohammadi mojgan khodamoradpor mozafar yektayar samira aliabadi
        The purpose of this study was to design a model of success and failure factors of lean services in sports organizations in the west of the country. The research method was mixed (qualitative-quantitative) which was done with data foundation approach. The statistical pop More
        The purpose of this study was to design a model of success and failure factors of lean services in sports organizations in the west of the country. The research method was mixed (qualitative-quantitative) which was done with data foundation approach. The statistical population consisted of professors and specialists in the field of management, sports marketing, senior managers of the General Departments of Sports and Youth, heads of sports delegations and managers of sports halls in the west of the country who were selected by purposeful method. After studying the theoretical foundations, 12 in-depth interviews were analyzed and coded simultaneously. The qualitative part was used by Maxkiyoda software version 18 and in the quantitative part by SPSS software version 25 and Amos. Findings showed that the drivers of lean service success in sports organizations consist of six factors: value chain creation, value determination, value flow identification, perfection determination, value flow process and social value and lean service drive drivers. It consists of seven factors: lack of business model, inattention to customer feedback, long start-up time, poor marketing, structural problems, management problems and lack of employee participation, and based on them, a paradigm model was designed. Sports organizations in providing lean services to their customers are faced with special factors that by improving their quality can provide the basis for lean services. Manuscript profile
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        362 - Future studies with an emphasis on civil society in Iran layered analysis of causes CLA
        zahra masoud احمد ساعی
        Civil society is an issue that has attracted the attention of many thinkers and Various scientific fields such as law, political science, management, sociology, etc. encompasses.. The concept of civil society in the development of modernist discourse is a special place More
        Civil society is an issue that has attracted the attention of many thinkers and Various scientific fields such as law, political science, management, sociology, etc. encompasses.. The concept of civil society in the development of modernist discourse is a special place to review the theories of political development after the Second World War show The development and formation of civil society and political development, in fact, one of the basic conditions is a precondition for the fulfillment of all other conditions . Background Of formation of civil society in Iran has been facing many difficulties. Due to the changes that are driving this trend continues and there is not possible in this area. The purpose of the implementation of the method (CLA) that it has designed Sohail Inayatullah This is done by analyzing the causes layered, deconstructs social phenomena and And to achieve deep understanding of the underlying layers of problems, to a deeper understanding of the subject there. Manuscript profile
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        363 - Turkish hydropolitics and its effect on Iran-Turkmenistan diplomatic relations in line with the development of national security
        Reza Farhadi Masoud Motalebi Ali Mohammadzadeh
        10.30495/psq.2023.1994724.2230
        In the present era and especially in recent decades, water is considered as an important strategic factor in the foreign and security policy of governments and nations. In such a situation, fresh water as a non-renewable and non-reproducible resource brings this competi More
        In the present era and especially in recent decades, water is considered as an important strategic factor in the foreign and security policy of governments and nations. In such a situation, fresh water as a non-renewable and non-reproducible resource brings this competition to a high level of foreign policy, this factor has become a serious crisis and tension between countries in the border rivers. The country of Turkmenistan, whose land consists of the Qaraqom desert, has obtained its water needs from common and transboundary waters in different eras. The strong need of the two countries for the water of Atrak River in the two periods before and after the collapse of the Soviet Union has always been one of the controversial issues of the two countries. Based on the descriptive-analytical method, this research tries to answer the question, what are the political-security challenges of Iran and Turkmenistan regarding the joint exploitation of Atrak and its hydropolitics? The findings of the research indicate that the Islamic Republic of Iran's sovereign diplomacy regarding Atrak in the two periods before and after the collapse of the Soviet Union was tolerance, tolerance and avoidance of tension, and this caused the bold and greater productivity of Turkmenistan. Turkey has become outside the rules of international law. Based on this, Iran should take a new approach towards the Turkish hydropolitics and the two countries should turn the imminent and possible conflicts into cooperation and development by providing appropriate solutions. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        364 - Identifying the Managerial Competencies in Future Universities in order to provide an Appropriate Model for Islamic Azad Universities of Iran
        Badri Shahtalebi badri shahtalebi mohammadhoseini yarmohamadiyan
        The purpose of this study was to identify the dimensions of managerial competencies in future universities in order to provide an appropriate model for Islamic Azad Universities of Iran (AUI). The methodological approach taken in this practical study is a mixed method b More
        The purpose of this study was to identify the dimensions of managerial competencies in future universities in order to provide an appropriate model for Islamic Azad Universities of Iran (AUI). The methodological approach taken in this practical study is a mixed method based on sequential exploratory strategy. The qualitative phase was done by using thematic analysis based on inductive approach, the statistical population was all articles and theses listed in international databases in the field of managers&rsquo; competencies in future between 2000-2017. A total of 134 samples were chosen by using purposeful criterion-based sampling and with this number, theoretical saturation was achieved. 100 primary themes were found and the content validity checked in two ways of qualitative and quantitative. The reliability was estimated 0.85 by Holistic coefficient. The themes network was drawn up including 3 global Themes, 9 organizing themes and 29 basic themes. In the quantitative phase the statistical population was all 11554 faculty members of the comprehensive universities in AUI in 17 geographical zones in 2016-2017, and then by using Cochran formula, 373 people were chosen via non-random sampling: availability sampling as a sample size. The 100-item researcher-made questionnaire was based on 5-point Likert scale. Face and content validity were confirmed by experts, and construct validity was assessed by using factor analysis and the reliability of questionnaire was estimated by using Cronbach's alpha which were higher than 0.75 that showed high internal correlations between basic themes. In order to analyze the data, the confirmatory factor analysis method and structural equation modeling of covariance axis were used. According to the Chi-square, comparative fit indices, parsimonious fit indices and Hoelter&rsquo;s fit indices the research model was perfect fit. Among them, value creator, excellence-oriented and driver force with factor load of 0.97, 0.94 and 0.92 had the most explanatory effect respectively. &nbsp; &nbsp; Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        365 - Psychometric Properties of the Persian Version of Drivers Questionnaire in Iranian Students
        gashav sharifi Abbas Abdollahi simin Hosseinian
        Psychometric Properties of the Persian Version of Drivers Questionnaire in Iranian Students AbstractThe purpose of the present study was to prepare a Persian version of the Drivers Questionnaire (Winfield, Edwards, and Reddy, 2012) and to investigate its psychometric pr More
        Psychometric Properties of the Persian Version of Drivers Questionnaire in Iranian Students AbstractThe purpose of the present study was to prepare a Persian version of the Drivers Questionnaire (Winfield, Edwards, and Reddy, 2012) and to investigate its psychometric properties among university students. The research method was testing and its statistical population was all undergraduate, master and Ph.D. students of Tehran, Al-zahra and Azad universities in 2020. Of these, 287 were selected through available sampling. The data were analyzed using Cronbach's alpha indices, composite reliability, content validity index, content validity ratio, and confirmatory factor analysis. Cronbach's alpha was 0.60 for all drivers&rsquo; Questionnaire standards. Also, the composite reliability scores 88%. CVR was more than 62% and CVI more than 79%, indicating good content validity of the scale. The results of confirmatory factor analysis showed that factor loadings were greater than 0.3 and all paths from items to hidden variables were significant at the .001 level and the scale had appropriate construct validity. CMIN/DF 1/83 (p=.001); GFI 0.92, CFI 0.91, NFI 0.90, and RMSEA 0.54 were within acceptable thresholds. Given the desirable psychometric properties of the Persian version of the Drivers Questionnaire, it can be suggested to psychologists and counselors in research and diagnostic situations.Keywords: Accreditation, Factor Analysis, Psychometric Assessment, Drivers Questionnaire Manuscript profile

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