Analyzing the Economic Criteria of Urban Sustainable Tourism (Case Study: Zarjub River of Rasht)

Subject Areas :

Maryam Ghorbanpour ¹ , Mehrnaz Molavi ² , Nader Zali ³

1 - Master of Urban Planning, art and architecture faculty,university of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
2 - Department of Urban Planning, Faculty of Architecture and Art, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
3 - Associate professor Urban planning, department of urban planning, art and architecture faculty, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran

Received: 2018-05-28 Accepted : 2019-06-17 Published : 2019-06-22

Keywords: Sustainable Development, Economic, Sustainable Tourism, Urban Tourism, Rivers,

Abstract :

Over the past few decades, inattention to the Zarjub River in Rasht, the degradation of the environment and the neglect of its economic potential has led to adverse consequences. Because this river has the potential for the tourism development as a sustainable economic resource, by choosing it as the case study, the goal of this research is considered assessing the economic criteria of sustainable tourism. Using descriptive-analytical method, in order to assess the current status of the river based on economic criteria of sustainable tourism, 400 citizens, 25 local experts and 20 urban authorities were consulted and the status of each criterion was calculated based on the average score. The criterion of "foreign investment attraction" with an average of 1.05 and the criterion of "land price" with an average of 2.80, respectively, have the lowest and highest scores among the economic criteria. In fact, all criteria in the current status are lower than average. In the next step, the strategies derived from SWOT were ranked by TOPSIS method. In order to weigh the criteria using the Shannon entropy method and also ranking the strategies based on the criteria, 25 local experts were consulted. Among the criteria, the criterion of "Citizen's willingness to participation in financial affairs" with the weight of 0.2772 is ranked first in terms of the impact on prioritizing strategies and among the strategies, the strategy of "planning for trust formation and increasing citizens' willingness to participate financially in the tourism sector" is in the top priority.

References:

1. ایرانی بهبهانی، هما، فریادی، شهرزاد و گلنار محبعلی، (1391): «حفاظت و باززنده­سازی منظر رود دره دربند بر اساس الگوهای رفتاری»، نشریه محیط­شناسی، دوره 38، شماره 62، صص 134-127.


2. بزرگی، علیرضا، پورجعفر، محمدرضا و محمدرضا بمانیان، (1384): روند برنامه‌ریزی در جهت احیای رود دره‌های شهر تهران مورد مطالعه رود دره کن، نشریه تحقیقات جغرافیایی، دوره 20، شماره 1، صص 77-53.


3. بمانیان، محمدرضا، (1387): برنامه­ریزی در راستای احیای محیط طبیعی روددره­های شهر تهران در رویکرد تحیلل عوامل راهبردی (SWOT) (نمونه موردی: روددره ولنجک)، مجله علوم محیطی، دوره 5، شماره 4، صص 14-1.


4. بهرامیان، محسن و علی شمس­الدینی، (1397): «تحلیلی کمی بر نقش مدیریت شهری در ارتقای صنعت گردشگری در شهرها (مورد پژوهی: شهر مرودشت)»، نشریه پژوهش و برنامه­ریزی شهری، دوره 9، شماره 32، مرودشت، صص 140-131.


5. پورجعفر، محمدرضا، صادقی، علیرضا و فریال احمدی، (1389): بسط اصول و معیارهای طراحی منظر پایدار در مرمت منظر طبیعی مسیل خشک شیراز، نشریه علوم محیطی، دوره 7، شماره 4، صص 202-193.


6. شکور، علی، عبداله­زاده فرد، علیرضا و زهرا محمدی، (1396): «تاثیر منظر رودکنارهای شهری در توسعه پایدار (نمونه موردی: رودخانه سلطان آباد شیراز)»، نشریه پژوهش و برنامه­ریزی شهری، دوره 8، شماره 31، مرودشت، صص 339-321.


7. فرزاد بهتاش، محمدرضا، آقابابایی، محمدتقی و مروارید محمدامینی، (1389): «بررسی وضعیت روددره فرحزاد (قبل و بعد از ساماندهی)»، انتشارات مرکز مطالعات و برنامه ریزی شهر تهران، دانش شهر، شماره 15، تهران، صص 39-1.


8. کاظمی، مهدی، (1385): مدیریت گردشگری، انتشارات سمت، مرکز تحقیق و توسعه علوم انسانی، چاپ اول، تهران.


9. کریمی، بهرام، قربانی، مهرداد و ابوطالب قاسمی وسمه­جانی، (1396): ارزیابی نقش احیا و باززنده­سازی روددره­ها در توسعه گردشگری شهری (مطالعه موردی: روددره فرحزاد)، نشریه گردشگری شهری، دوره 4، شماره 3، تهران، صص 75-63.


10. موحد، علی و سالار کهزادی، (1389): «تحلیل عوامل موثر بر توسعه گردشگری استان کردستان با استفاده از مدل SWOT، نشریه پژوهش و برنامه­ریزی شهری، دوره 1، شماره 2، مرودشت، صص 102-85.
    
    
    1. 11.  Agyeiwaah, E. McKercher, B. and W. Suntikul, (2017): Identifying core indicators of sustainable tourism: A path forward?. Tourism Management Perspectives, 24, pp: 26-33.
    
    
    2. 12.  Akrivos, C. Reklitis, P. and M. Theodoroyiani, (2014): Tourism entrepreneurship and the adoption of sustainable resources. the case of Evritania prefecture. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 148, pp: 378-382.‏
    
    
    3. 13.  Andrades, L. and F. Dimanche, (2017): Destination competitiveness and tourism development in Russia: Issues and challenges. Tourism Management, 62, pp: 360-376.
    
    
    4. 14.  Azizi, H. Biglari, M. and P. Joudi, (2011): Assessment the feasibility of sustainable tourism in urban environments employing the cumulative linear model. Procedia Engineering, 21, pp: 24-33.‏
    
    
    5. 15.  Bahcelerli, N. M. and E. Sucuoglu, (2015): Undergraduate Tourism Students’ Opinions Regarding the Work Conditions in the Tourism Industry. Procedia Economics and Finance, 26, pp: 1130-1135.
    
    
    6. 16.  Begum, H. Er, A. C. Alam, A. F. and N. Sahazali, (2014): Tourist's perceptions towards the role of stakeholders in sustainable tourism. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 144, pp: 313-321.‏
    
    
    7. 17.  Bitsani, E. and A. Kavoura, (2014): Host Perceptions of Rural Tour Marketing to Sustainable Tourism in Central Eastern Europe. The Case Study of Istria, Croatia. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 148, pp: 362-369.‏
    
    
    8. 18.  Blancas, F. J. González, M. Lozano-Oyola, M. and F. Perez, (2010): The assessment of sustainable tourism: Application to Spanish coastal destinations. Ecological indicators, 10(2), pp: 484-492.‏
    
    
    9. 19.  Carrillo, M. and J. M. Jorge, (2017): Multidimensional Analysis of Regional Tourism Sustainability in Spain. Ecological Economics, 140, pp: 89-98.
    
    
    10. 20.  Cernat, L. and J. Gourdon, (2012): Paths to success: Benchmarking cross-country sustainable tourism. Tourism Management, 33(5), pp: 1044-1056.
    
    
    11. 21.  Choon, S. W. Siwar, C. Pereira, J. J. Jemain, A. A. Hashim, H. S. and A. S. Hadi, (2011): A sustainable city index for Malaysia. International Journal of Sustainable Development & World Ecology, 18(1), pp: 28-35.
    
    
    12. 22.  ‏Cibinskiene, A. and G. Snieskiene, (2015): Evaluation of city tourism competitiveness. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 213, pp: 105-110.‏
    
    
    13. 23.  Cucculelli, M. and G. Goffi, (2016): Does sustainability enhance tourism destination competitiveness? Evidence from Italian Destinations of Excellence. Journal of Cleaner Production, 111, pp: 370-382.
    
    
    14. 24.  Dvarskas, A. (2017): Dynamically linking economic models to ecological condition for coastal zone management: Application to sustainable tourism planning. Journal of environmental management, 188, pp: 163-172.‏
    
    
    15. 25.  Francis, R. A. (2012): Positioning urban rivers within urban ecology. Urban ecosystems, 15(2), pp: 285-291.‏
    
    
    16. 26.  Franzoni, S. (2015): Measuring the sustainability performance of the tourism sector. Tourism Management Perspectives, 16, pp: 22-27.
    
    
    17. 27.  Hanafiah, M. H. Azman, I. Jamaluddin, M. R. and N. Aminuddin, (2016): Responsible tourism practices and quality of Life: Perspective of Langkawi island communities. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 222, pp: 406-413.
    
    
    18. 28.  Hatipoglu, B. Alvarez, M. D. and B. Ertuna, (2016): Barriers to stakeholder involvement in the planning of sustainable tourism: the case of the Thrace region in Turkey. Journal of Cleaner Production, 111, pp: 306-317.
    
    
    19. 29.  Holt, A. R. Moug, P. and D. N. Lerner, (2012). The network governance of urban river corridors. Ecology and Society, 17(4), pp: 1-22.
    
    
    20. 30.  Huang, Y. and V. R. Coelho, (2017): Sustainability performance assessment focusing on coral reef protection by the tourism industry in the Coral Triangle region. Tourism Management, 59, pp: 510-527.‏
    
    
    21. 31.  Janusz, G. K. and P. Bajdor, (2013): Towards to sustainable tourism–framework, activities and dimensions. Procedia economics and finance, 6, pp: 523-529.
    
    
    22. 32.  Li, K. X. Jin, M. and W. Shi, (2017): Tourism as an important impetus to promoting economic growth: A critical review. Tourism Management Perspectives.‏
    
    
    23. 33.  Lim, W. M. (2016): Creativity and sustainability in hospitality and tourism. Tourism Management Perspectives, 18, pp: 161-167.
    
    
    24. 34.  Mathew, P. V. and S. Sreejesh, (2017): Impact of responsible tourism on destination sustainability and quality of life of community in tourism destinations. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 31, pp: 83-89.‏
    
    
    25. 35.  Moseley, M. J. (2004): Sustainable Rural Development: the Role of Community Involvement and Local Partnerships. Nato Science Series Sub Series V Science and Technology Policy, 41, pp: 125-135.‏
    
    
    26. 36.  Otto, B. McCormick, K. and M. Leccese, (2005):Ecological Riverfront Design: Restoring Rivers Connecting Communities,American Planning Association, Planning Advisory Service Report, 28(4), pp: 477-488.
    
    
    27. 37.  Petrović-Ranđelović, M. and D. Miletić, (2012): (No) competitiveness and sustainable development of Serbian tourism. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 44, pp: 78-87.‏
    
    
    28. 38.  Risteskia, M. Kocevskia, J. and K. Arnaudov, (2012): Spatial planning and sustainable tourism as basis for developing competitive tourist destinations. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 44, pp: 375-386.‏
    
    
    29. 39.  Ţîţu, M. A. Răulea, A. S. and Ş. Ţîţu, (2016): Measuring Service Quality in Tourism Industry. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 221, pp: 294-301.‏
    
    
    30. 40.  Torres-Delgado, A. and F. L. Palomeque, (2014): Measuring sustainable tourism at the municipal level. Annals of Tourism Research, 49, pp: 122-137.
    
    
    31. 41.  Torres-Delgado, A. and F. L. Palomeque, (2017): The ISOST index: A tool for studying sustainable tourism. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management.‏
    
    
    32. 42.  UNWTO, (2001): Guide For LocalAuthorities On Developing SustainableTourism.
    
    
    33. 43.  Ursache, M. (2015): Tourism–significant driver shaping a destinations heritage. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 188, pp: 130-137.‏
    
    
    34. 44.  Xin, T. K. and J. K. L. Chan, (2014): Tour operator perspectives on responsible tourism indicators of Kinabalu National Park, Sabah. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 144, pp: 25-34.‏
    
    
    35. 45.  Yüzbaşıoğlu, N. Topsakal, Y. and P. Çelik, (2014): Roles of tourism enterprises on destination sustainability: Case of Antalya, Turkey. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 150, pp: 968-976.‏