Spatial Distribution Pattern of Water Quality of Pireghar River with Using Water Quality Index (WQI) and Geographic Information System (GIS)
Subject Areas :
Environmental pollutions (water, soil and air)
Rasool
Zamani-Ahmadmahmoodi
1
(Associate Professor, Environmental Sciences Department, Faculty of Natural Resources and Earth Science, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran *(Corresponding Authors))
Fatemeh
Ghaedamini
2
(M.Sc., Aquatic Ecology, Department of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Resources and Earth Science, Shahrekord, Iran)
Maryam
Najafi
3
(M.Sc., Aquatic Ecology, Department of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Resources and Earth Science, Shahrekord, Iran)
Received: 2016-10-26
Accepted : 2017-07-26
Published : 2021-04-21
Keywords:
Chaharmahal & Bakhtiari Province,
NSFWQI,
Pireghar River,
GIS,
Abstract :
Background and Objective: Due to the importance of Pireghar River and discharging of various pollutants in this river, investigation of quality of Pireghar River seems to be necessary. On the other hand, the pollution zoning and give a correct image about quality status of surface water by geographic information system (GIS) to make any management decision with more awareness.Method: Water samples from 5 station along the river was collected on February 2015, and water quality parameters namely pH, turbidity, temperature, TS, BOD, DO, nitrate, phosphate, and coliforms was examined. Sampling, preparation and analysis of samples was done according to the standard methods. The resulting data was compared with world standards and then analyzed using NSFWQI index and finally path of river was zoned using GIS.Findings: Based on NSFWQI index Pireghar river water quality was fluctuated between good and medium status at all stations. The highest NSFWQI quality index was related to the first station with quality index of 78 and lowest value was related to the fifth station with quality index of 66. As a result, pollution was increased from the first station to the next stations, and water quality has decreased.Discussion and Conclusion: In conclusion, for regular management of the river`s water some legislation should be determined and its monitoring program should be continued.
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Ranjbar Jafarabadi, A., Amushahi, S. and Pourkhabaz, H., 2011. Evaluating water quality of Maroon River using NSFWQI and presenting solutions for decreasing pollution, 5th conference of environmental engeniring, Iran. (In Persian)
Nasirahmadi, K., Yousefi, Z. and Tarassoli, A., 2012. Zoning of water quality on Haraz river bases on national sanitation foundation water quality index. Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, 22(92), pp. 64-71. (In Persain).
Heydarinia, M., Moazed, H. and Hosseini Zarei, N., 2009. Classification of water quality of Karoon River from Molasani to Kootamir using with NSFWQI, 8th international conference of river engineering, Ahvaz, Iran. (In Persian)
Ho, K.C., Chow, Y.L. and Yau, J.T.S., 2003. Chemical and microbiological qualities of The East River (Dongjiang) water, with particular reference to drinking water supply in Hong Kong. Chemosphere, 52(9), pp.1441-1450.
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_||_
Srebotnjak, T., Carr, G., de Sherbinin, A. and Rickwood, C., 2012. A global Water Quality Index and hot-deck imputation of missing data. Ecological Indicators, 17, pp.108-119.
Ng, A.W.M., Perera, B.J.C. and Tran, D.H., 2006. Improvement of river water quality through a seasonal effluent discharge program (SEDP). Water, air, and soil pollution, 176(1-4), pp.113-137.
Xu, H., Zheng, H., Chen, X., Ren, Y. and Ouyang, Z., 2016. Relationships between river water quality and landscape factors in Haihe River Basin, China: Implications for environmental management. Chinese Geographical Science, 26(2), pp.197-207.
Arpine, H. and Gayane, S., 2016. Determination of background concentrations of hydrochemical parameters and water quality assessment in the Akhuryan River Basin (Armenia). Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Parts A/B/C, 94, pp.2-9.
Dos Santos Simões, F., Moreira, A.B., Bisinoti, M.C., Gimenez, S.M.N. and Yabe, M.J.S., 2008. Water quality index as a simple indicator of aquaculture effects on aquatic bodies. Ecological indicators, 8(5), pp.476-484.
Oram, PG, B., 2012 .The Water Quality, monitoring the Quality of surface waters. http:// www.water-research.net.
Abbasi, S.A, 2000. Water Quality Indices. Center for Pollution Control & Energy Technology Punditry University. 134 p.
Sharifinia, M., Imanpour, J. and Bozorgi, A., 2012. Ecological assessment of the Tajan River using feeding groups of benthic macroinvertebrates and biotic indices. Iranian Journal of Applied Ecology, 1(1), pp.80-95. (In Persain)
Samantray, P., Mishra, B.K., Panda, C.R. and Rout, S.P., 2009. Assessment of water quality index in Mahanadi and Atharabanki Rivers and Taldanda Canal in Paradip area, India. Journal of Human Ecology, 26(3), pp.153-161.
Parham, H., Jafarzadeh Haghighi fard, N., Dehghan, S., and Kiyan Ersi, F., 2007. Investigation of changes in nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations and some physical and chemical parameters in the behind the Karkheh dam and determination of its balance, Shahid Chamran University Journal of Science, 5, pp.117-125. (In Persian)
TAHMASEBI, S., AFKHAMI, M. and TAKDASTAN, A., 2011. Study of chemical, physical and microbial quality of Gargar River, SW, IRAN, using NSF Water Quality Index. Jundishapur Journal of Health Sciences, 3(4), pp.55-64. (In Persain)
Boroujerdnia, A., Nabizadeh, R., Jafarzadeh Haghighi fard, N. and Afkhami, M., 2007. Investigation of water quality of Karun River using NSFWQI software program of Wilkes University and program designed in Iran, 10th National Congress on Environmental Health, Hamedan, Hamedan University of Medical Sciences. (In Persian)
Shokuhi, R., Hosinzadeh, E., Roshanaei, G., Alipour, M. and Hoseinzadeh, S., 2012. Evaluation of Aydughmush dam reservoir water quality by National Sanitation Foundation Water Quality Index (NSF-WQI) and water quality parameter changes. Iranian Journal of Health and Environment, 4(4), pp.439-450. (In Persain)
Fadaei, A., Shariat, S.M., Jafarzadeh Haghighi fard, N. and Sakian, MR., 2006. Simultaneous use of water quality index and GIS system as a management tool (Case study: Dez River in southwestern Iran, 7th International River Engineering Conference, Ahvaz, Water and Power Organization of Khuzestan Province, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz. (In Persian)
Sato, K., Amano, K. and Yasuda, Y., 2000, September. Integrating GIS and Water Quality Model: A Case Study in a Volcanic Watershed in Japan. In 4 th International Conference on Integrating GIS and Environmental Modeling (GIS/EM 4): Problems, Prospects and Research Needs, Banff, Alberta, Canada.
Sánchez, E., Colmenarejo, M.F., Vicente, J., Rubio, A., García, M.G., Travieso, L. and Borja, R., 2007. Use of the water quality index and dissolved oxygen deficit as simple indicators of watersheds pollution. Ecological indicators, 7(2), pp.315-328.
Dos Santos Simões, F., Moreira, A.B., Bisinoti, M.C., Gimenez, S.M.N. and Yabe, M.J.S., 2008. Water quality index as a simple indicator of aquaculture effects on aquatic bodies. Ecological indicators, 8(5), pp.476-484.
Mirzai, M., Nazari, A. and Yari, A., 2005. The Quality Classification of Jajrood River's Area, Journal of Environmental Studies, 31(37), pp.17-26. (In Persain)
Nemati, M., 2007, Zoning of water quality and diversity of macroinvertebrates of Zayandehroud River, MSc Thesis in Environmental science, Faculty of natural science, Isfahan University of Technology, p. 125. (In Persian)
Pote, S.E., Singal, S.K. and Srivastava, D.K., 2012. Assessment of surface water quality of Godavari River at Aurangabad. Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution, 9(1), pp.117-122.
Rahimi, D. and RANJBAR, D.M., 2012. Prioritization of Eco-tourism Attractions (The target villages of Charmahal O Bakhtiar province). Journal Urban - Regional Studies and Research, 4(14), pp.131-149. (In Persain)
Tiner, R.W., 1999. Vegetation sampling and analysis for wetlands, wetland indicators. A guide to wetland identification, delineation, classification and map in Boca Raton, CRC Press LLC. 248 p.
P.H.A., A.W.W.A., W. E. f., 2009. Standard Method for the examination of Water and Waste. A.D. Eaton, L. S. Clesceri and A. E. Greenberg (eds.), 20th edition. American Health Association, Washington, D.C.
Clesceri, L.S., Greenberg, A.E. and Eaton, A.D., 1998. Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater APHA. AWWA, WEF, Monrovia, USA. 20th ed. United States of America: American Public Health Association. 34-38.
Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment, 2007. Canadian water quality guidelines for the protection of aquatic life: Summary table. Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment, Winnipeg. Manitoba.
WHO., 2004. World Health Organization Guidelines for Drinking-Water Quality3th Edition Word Health Organization (WHO) Geneva, pp. 49-64.
EPA., 1996. Quality Criteria for Waters, Washington D. C. Landsape to Rivers capes: bridging the gap between research and conversation of stream fishes, Biosciences, 52, pp.483-498.
Ebrahimpour, S., Mohammadzadeh, H. and Mohammadi, E., 2011. Investigation of water quality of Zarivar wetland lake and its zoning using NSFWQI and OWQI quality indices and using geographical system, 4th Iran Water Resources Management Conference, Amirkabir University of Technology , PP. 1-11. (In Persian)
Dehghanzadeh, R., Aslani, H.A.S.A.N., Shams, A.F. and Ghoraishi, B., 2010. Giving Alternatives for Improvement of Qualitative Features of Mehran River in Tabriz for Reuse. Iranian Journal of Health and Environment, 3(2), pp. 227-238. (In Persain)
Karimian, A., Jafarzadeh, N., Nabizadeh, R. and Afkhami, M., 2009. Application of GIS in river water quality zoning (case study, Zohre River), Journal of Environmental Sciences and Technology, 11(1), pp. 244-250. (In Persian)
Ghazizadeh, N., Shehnizadeh, B., Shokoh, D. and Savari, S., 2011. Evaluation of Maroon River based on NSFWQI water quality index system, 5th conference and exhibition of environmental engineering, 2011, Tehran University, pp. 1-6. (In Persian)
Ramezani, M., Amirnezhad, R. and Asgharnia, H., 2012. Investigation of water quality of Talar River of Ghaemshahr using NSFWQI, Journal of Wetland Ecobiology, 4(14). pp. 31-43. (In Persian)
Ranjbar Jafarabadi, A., Amushahi, S. and Pourkhabaz, H., 2011. Evaluating water quality of Maroon River using NSFWQI and presenting solutions for decreasing pollution, 5th conference of environmental engeniring, Iran. (In Persian)
Nasirahmadi, K., Yousefi, Z. and Tarassoli, A., 2012. Zoning of water quality on Haraz river bases on national sanitation foundation water quality index. Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, 22(92), pp. 64-71. (In Persain).
Heydarinia, M., Moazed, H. and Hosseini Zarei, N., 2009. Classification of water quality of Karoon River from Molasani to Kootamir using with NSFWQI, 8th international conference of river engineering, Ahvaz, Iran. (In Persian)
Ho, K.C., Chow, Y.L. and Yau, J.T.S., 2003. Chemical and microbiological qualities of The East River (Dongjiang) water, with particular reference to drinking water supply in Hong Kong. Chemosphere, 52(9), pp.1441-1450.
Karimian, A., Jafarzadeh, N., Nabizadeh, R., Afkhami, M., 2006. Zoning water quality of Zohre River based on NSFWQI index, case study, Zohre River, International Journal of Water Engineering, pp. 18-24.
