The Survey and Comparison of Heavy Metals Hg, Cd and Pb in the Tissues of Liza Abu in the Karoon and Dez Rivers in Khoozestan Province

Subject Areas : environmental management

Mohammad  Velayatzadeh ¹ (M.Sc, Dept. of Fisheries, Islamic Azad University, Khoozestan Sciences and Research Branch)
Abolfazl  Askary ² (Associate Professor, Dept. of Fisheries, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz Branch)
Mojgan  Khodadadi ³ (Assistant Professor, Dept. of Fisheries, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz Branch)
Mohammad  Kazemian ⁴ (Assistant Professor, Dept. of Fisheries, Islamic Azad University, Tehran Sciences and Research Branch)
Mahboobe  Beheshti ⁵ (M.Sc, Dept. of Fisheries, Islamic Azad University, Khoozestan Sciences and Research Branch)

Received: 2010-07-09 Accepted : 2011-02-09 Published : 2014-09-23

Keywords: Mercury, Cadmium, Lead, Liza Abu, Karoon River, Dez River,

Abstract :

Introduction: The heavy metals are from the pollutants which create too much problems in aquaticecosystems for aquatics and human. This study was done on concentration of heavy metals Hg, Cdand Pb in the muscle, liver and gill tissues of Liza Abu in the Karoon and Dez Rivers in KhoozestanProvince in winter 2010.Material and Method: In this reaserch 216 sample of Liza abu were used randomly. Metals wereextracted from the tissues using wet Digestion method and concentration of the heavy metals wasmeasured by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer Perkin Elmer 4100. Analysis of the data wasdone by using of the SPSS17 software and analysis of the t-test determined exist or non-exist of thesignificant difference in level 95 (P=0.05).Results: The highest concentration of Cd, Hg and Pb 0.540±0.264, 0.027±0.002 and 1.08±0.128mg/Kg and the determined lowest concentration of Cd, Hg and Pb 0.346±0.040, 0.903±0.037 and0.023±0.001 mg/Kg.Discussion: This study showed there is not any significant difference in concentration of heavymetals Hg and Pb in muscle, liver and gill of Liza abu in Karoon and Dez Rivers. There was asignificant difference in Concentration of Cd in muscle and gill (between (P<0.05) but there was not asignificant difference in concentration of Cd in livers of all of them (P>0.05).

References:

1. Dogan, M., Yilmaz, A.B., 2007. Heavy  metals in water and in tissues of himri (Carasobarbus  luteus) from Orontes (Asi) River Turkey. Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, Vol. 53, pp. 161-163.


2. Fidan, A.F., Cigerci, I.H., Konuk, M., Kucukkurt, I., Aslan, R., Dundar, Y., 2007. Determination of some heavy metal levels and oxidative status in Carassius carassius L. 1758 from Eber Lake. Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, Vol. 69, pp. 1951-1958.


3. Burger, J., Gaines, K.F., Boring, C., Stephenes, W.L., Snodgrass, J., Dixon, C., McMahon, M., Shukla, S., Shukla, J., Gochfeld, M., 2002. Metal levels in fish from the Savannah river: Potential hazardso fish and other receptors. Environmental Research, Vol. 89, pp. 85-97.


4. Demirezen, D., Uruc, K., 2006. Comparative Study trace elements in certain fish meat and meat products. Journal of Meat Science, Vol. 74, pp. 255-260.


5. Sankar, T.V., Zynudheen, A.A., Anandan, R., Nair, P.G.C., 2006. Distribution of organochlorine pesticides and heavy metal residues in fish and shellfish from Calicut region, Kerala, India. Chemosphere, Vol. 65, pp. 583-590.


6. Marijic, V.F., Raspor, B., 2007. Metal exposure assessment in native fish, Mullus barbatus, from the Eastern Adriatic Sea. Journal of Toxicology Letters, Vol. 168(3), pp. 292-301.


7. Tuzen, M., Soylak, M., 2007. Determination of trace metals in canned fish marketed in Turkey. Journal of Food Chemistry, Vol. 101, pp. 1378-1383.


8. Jordao, C.P., Pereira, M.G., Bellato, C.R., Pereira, J.L., Matos, A.T., 2002. Assessment of water systems for contaminants from domestic and industrial sewages. Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, Vol. 79(1), pp.75–100.


9. Romeoa, M., Siaub, Y., Sidoumou, Z., Gnassia- Barelli, M., 1999. Heavy metal distribution in different fish species from the Mauritania coast. Science Total Envionment, Vol. 232, pp. 169–75.


10. Pourang, N., Tanabe, S., Rezvan, S., Dennis, J.H., 2005. Trace elements accumulation in edible tissues of five sturgeon species from the Caspian Sea. Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, Vol. 100, pp. 89–108.


11. Laboy-Nieves, E.N., Conde, J.E., 2001. Metal levels in eviscerated tissue of shallow-water deposit-feeding holothurians, Journal of Hydrobiologia, Vol. 459, pp. 19-26.


12. Fernandez, N., Berias, R., 2001. Combined Toxicity of Dissolved Mercury with Copper, Lead and Cadmium on Embryogenesis and Early Larval Growth of the Paracentrotus lividus Sea-Urchin. Journal of Ecotoxicology, Vol. 10, pp. 263–271


13. Agah, H., Leermakers, M., Elskens, M., Fatemi, S.M., Baeyens, W., 2007. Total mercury and metthyl mercury concentrations in fish from the Persian Golf and the Caspianea, Journal of water air soil pollution, Vol. 181, pp. 95-105.


14. Kucuksezgin, F., Altay, O., Uluturhan, E., Kontas, A., 2001. Trace metal and organoclorin residue levels in red mullet (Mullus barbatus) from the eastern Aregean, Turkey. Water Research, Vol. 35, pp. 2327-2332.


15. Filazi, A., Baskaya, R., Kum, c., 2003. Metal concentration in tissues of the Black Sea fish Mugil auratus from Sinop-Icliman, Turkey. Human and Experimental Toxicology, Vol. 22, pp. 85-87.


16. Canli, M., Atli, G., 2003. The relationship between heavy metal (Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Pb, Zn) levels and the size of six Mediterranean fish species. Journal of Environmental Pollution, Vol. 121, pp. 129-136.


17. Xiaojie, L., Jinping, C., Yuling, S., Shunich, H., Li, W., Zheng, L., Mineshi, S., Yuanyuan L., 2008. Mercury Concentration in Hair Samples from Chinese Ppeople in Coastal Cities, Journal of Environmental Sciences, Vol. 20, pp. 1258–1262.


18. Pizzichini, M., Fonzi, M., Fonzi, L., Sugherini, L., 2002. Release of Mercury from dental amalgam and its influence on salivary antioxidant activity. Science Total Envionment, Vol. 4(1-3), pp. 19-25.


19. اسماعیلی ساری، عباس، نوری ساری، حسن و اسماعیلی ساری، ابوذر، «جیوه در محیط زیست»، چاپ اول، رشت: انتشارات بازرگان، 1386. 226 صفحه.


20. Newman, M.C., Unger, M.A., 2003 Fundamentals of ecotoxicology. CRC Press, 458 P.


21. Newman, M.C., Clements, W.H., 2008. Ecotoxicology: a comprehensive treatment. CRC Press, 882 P.


22. Golovanova, I.L., 2008. Effect of heavy metals on the Physiological and biochemical ststus of fishes and aquatic invertebrates. Journal of Inland Water Biology, Vol. 1, pp. 93-101.


23. کلارک، آربی، (نویسنده)، جعفرزاده حقیقی، نعمت اله و فرهنگ، محمد (مترجمان). «آلودگی دریا» چاپ اول، تهران: انتشارات آوای قلم، 393 صفحه.


24. Berlin, M., 1985. Handbook of the Toxicology of Metals. Elsevier Science Publishers. (Editors), 2nd ed. London, Vol. 2, pp. 376-405.


25. 25.MOOPAM, 1999. Manual of oceanographic observations and pollutant analysis methods. ROPME. Kuwait, Vol. 20.


26. Okoye, B.C.O., 1991. Heavy metals and organisms in the Lagos Lagoon. InternationalJournal ofEnvironmental Studies, Vol. 37, pp. 285-292.


27. 27.Kalay, G., Bevis, M.J., 2003. Structure and physical property relationships in processed polybutene. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, Vol. 88, pp. 814-824.


28. Eboh, L., Mepba, H.D., Ekpo, M.B., 2006. heavy metal contaminats and processing effects on the composition, storage stability and fatty acid profiles of five common commercially available fish species in Oron Local Government, Nigeria. Food Chemistry, Vol. 97(3), pp. 490-497.


29. Ahmad, A.K., Shuhaimi-Othman, M., 2010. Heavy metal     Concentration in Sediments and fishes from  Lake Chini, Pahang, Malaysia. Journal of  Biological Sciences, Vol. 10(2), pp. 93-100.


30. Olowu, R.A., Ayejuyo, O.O., Adewuyi,  G.U., Adejoro, I.A., Denloye, A.A.B.,  Babatunde, A.O., Ogundajo, A.L., 2010. Determination of Heavy Metals in Fish Tissues, Water and Sediment from Epe and Badagry Lagoons, Lagos, Nigeria. Journal of Chemistry, Vol. 7(1), pp. 215-221.


31. شهاب مقدم، فرزانه، اسماعیلی ساری، عباس و ولی نسب، تورج، «رابطه تجمع جیوه در بافت عضله گربه ماهی بزرگ (Arius thalassinus) خلیج فارس در ارتباط با وزن»، اولین همایش دانشجویی علوم شیلاتی، بهار 1388، ساری، ایران.


32. Farkas, A., Salanki, J., Specziar, A., 2003. Age and Size Specific patterns of heavy metals in the organs of Freshwater fish Abramis brama L. Populating a low-contaminanted site. Journal of Water Research, Vol. 37, pp. 959-964.


33. صادقی راد، مرجان، امینی رنجبر، غلامرضا، ارشد، عما و جوشیده، هاشم، «مقایسه تجمع فلزات سنگین (روی، مس، کادمیوم، سرب و جیوه) در بافت عضله و خاویار دو گونه تاسماهی ایرانی و ازون برون حوضه جنوبی دریای خزر»، مجله علمی شیلات ایران، پاییز 1384، سال 14، شماره 3، صفحات 79 تا 100.


34. ذوالفقاری، قاسم، اسماعیلی ساری، عباس، قاسمپوری، سید محمد، قربانی، فرشید، احمدی فرد، نصراله و شکری، زهرا، «ارتباط سن، جنسیت و وزن با غلظت جیوه در اندامهای مختلف ماهی شاه کولی تالاب انزلی (Chalcalburnus chalcalburnus)، مجله علوم و فنون دریایی، پاییز و زمستان 1385، دوره 5، شماره 3 و 4، صفحات 23 تا 31.


35. Alonso, M.L., Montana, F.P., Miranda, M., Castillo,  C., Hernandez, J., Benedito, J., 2004. Interactions between toxic (As, Cd, Hg and Pb) and nutritional essential (Ca, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Ni, Se, Zn) elements in the tissues of cattle from NW Spain. Journal of BioMetals, Vol.17, pp. 389–397.


36. رضایی، مسعود، ناصری، محمود، عابدی، عذرا و افشار نادری، اعظم، « سنجش مقادیر برخی عناصر سنگین (آهن، مس، روی، منیزیم، منگنز، جیوه، سرب و کادمیوم) در بافت های خوراکی و غیر خوراکی ماهی کفال پشت سبز (Liza dussumieri) سواحل بوشهر»، مجله علوم دریایی ایران، پاییز و زمستان 1384، دوره 4، شماره 3و4، صفحات 59 تا 67.


37. Turkmen, M., Turkmen, A., Tepe, Y., Ates, A., Gokkus, K., 2008. Determination of metal contaminations in sea foods from Marmara, Aegean and Mediterranean seas: Twelve fish species. Food Chemistry, Vol. 108, pp. 794-800.


38. فاضلی، محمد شریف، ابطحی، بهروز و صباغ کاشانی، آذر، «سنجش تجمع فلزات سنگین سرب، نیکل و روی در بافت های ماهی کفال طلایی سواحل جنوبی دریای خزر»، مجله علمی شیلات ایران، بهار 1384، دوره 14، شماره 1، صفحات 65 تا 78.


39. امینی رنجبر، غلامرضا و ستوده نیا، فریبا، «تجمع فلزات سنگین در بافت عضله ماهی کفال طلایی (Mugil auratus) دریای خزر در ارتباط با برخی مشخصات بیومتریک (طول استاندارد، وزن، سن و جنسیت)»، مجله علمی شیلات ایران، پاییز 1384، دوره 14، شماره 3، صفحات 1 تا 18.


40. Agah, H., Leermakers, M., Elskens, M., Fatemi, S.M.R., Baeyens, W., 2009. Accumulation of trace metals in the muscle and liver tissues of five species from the Persian Gulf. Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, Vol. 157, pp. 499-514.


41. Tuzen, M., 2009. Toxic and essential trace elemental contents in fish species from the Black Sea, Turkey. Journal of Food and chemical Toxicology, Vol. 47(9), pp. 2302-2307.


42. Ubalua, A.O., Chijioke, U.C., Ezeronye, O.U., 2007. Determination and Assessment Heavy Metal Content in fish and shellfish in Aba River, Abia State, Nigeria. KMITL Science Technology, Vol. 7(1), pp. 16-23


43. Al-Yousuf, M.H., El-Shahawi, M.S., Al-Ghais, S.M., 2000. Trace metals in liver, skin and muscle of Lethrinus lentjan fish species in relation to body length and sex. Sciences Total Environment, Vol. 256, pp. 87-94.


44. صادقی راد، مرجان، « بررسی و تعیین میزان فلزات سنگین در چند گونه از ماهیان خوراکی تالاب انزلی»، مجله علمی شیلات ایران، زمستان 1375، سال 5، شماره 4، صفحات 1 تا 16.