Identify areas affected by flood risk and provide operational solutions to reduce deer losses in the Mond protected area

Subject Areas : environmental management

Esmaeil Abbasi ¹ ( Assistant professor, Persian Gulf University )
Hana Etemadi ² ( Assistant professor, Persian Gulf University )

Received: 2021-08-31 Accepted : 2021-12-01 Published : 2024-03-20

Keywords: Flood-Risk zoning, HEC-RAS model, Mond river, Iranian deer, Mond protected area,

Abstract :

Background and Objective: Floods, as one of the most important annual natural hazards, cause irreparable human and financial losses specially in coastal area and delta rivers. Based on the presence of Iranian deer and the risk of their extinction due to flood losses in the protected area Mond, identifying areas affected by floods and providing operational solutions to reduce the losses of this species became vitally important. So, it is the main purposes of this study. Material and Methodology: Vegetation cover, drainage density, distance from waterway, land type, land use, rainfall, land slope and land curvature have been used for modeling and zoning of floods in this study area Findings: Results show that around 1850 hectares of the protected area affected in flood time with a return period of two years. The flood zone increased by 4300 hectares with a five-year return period. Also, the flood impacted area reached to 22,700 hectares in flood with a 10-year return period. Discussion and Conclusion: According to the output maps and field data, it was concluded that the creation of low-rise platforms in the optimal habitat of deer would be the best ways to reduce deer losses by flooding. The location of these platforms chooses based on the flood zoning map, the deer presence and gathering points as well as the places with heavy loss of deers in previous floods.

References:

1. Haque, C. E., Azad, M., & Choudhury, M. U. I. (2019). Discourse of flood management approaches and policies in Bangladesh: mapping the changes, drivers, and actors. Water, 11(12), 2654.
2. Desalegn, H., & Mulu, A. (2021). Flood vulnerability assessment using GIS at Fetam watershed, upper Abbay basin, Ethiopia. Heliyon, 7(1), e05865.
3. Otto, F. E., Van Der Wiel, K., Van Oldenborgh, G. J., Philip, S., Kew, S. F., Uhe, P., & Cullen, H.
(2018). Climate change increases the probability of heavy rains in Northern England/Southern Scotland like those of storm Desmond—a real-time event attribution revisited. Environmental Research Letters, 13(2), 024006.
4. Akbarih., Habibipoora., Zare Khormizi, R, (2012). Investigation on Population Characteristics, Association Patterns and Decreasing of Gazella Subgutturosa Population in Kalmand- Bahadoran Protected Area in Yazd province, Environmental Researches, 3(6), 75. (In Persian)
5. Bagherirad, E.; Salmanmahiny, A.; Ahmad, N.; Abdullah, M. & Erfanian, B. (2014). Predicting Habitat Suitability of the Goitered Gazelle (G. s. subgutturosa) using Presence-Only Data in Golestan National Park, Iran. International Journal of Biological Sciences and Applications 1 (4): 124-136.
6. Nikbakht, S. (2014). Flood zoning in Zahedan using HEC-RAS and Arc-GIS. Master Thesis, Faculty of Water and Soil, Zabol University. (In Persian)
7. Alho, C. J., & Silva, J. S. (2012). Effects of severe floods and droughts on wildlife of the Pantanal wetland (Brazil)—a review. Animals, 2(4), 591-610.
8. Yalcin, E. (2020). Assessing the impact of topography and land cover data resolutions on two-dimensional HEC-RAS hydrodynamic model simulations for urban flood hazard analysis. Natural Hazards, 101(3), 995-1017.
9. Papaioannou G, Loukas A, Vasiliades L, Aronica GT (2016) Flood inundation mapping sensitivity to riverine spatial resolution and modelling approach. Nat Hazards 83(1):117–132.
10. Tamiru, H., & Dinka, M. O. (2021). Application of ANN and HEC-RAS model for flood inundation mapping in lower Baro Akobo River Basin, Ethiopia. Journal of Hydrology: Regional Studies, 36, 100855.
11. Ogras, S., & Onen, F. (2020). Flood Analysis with HEC-RAS: A Case Study of Tigris River. Advances in Civil Engineering, 2020.
12. Stoleriu, C. C., Urzica, A., & Mihu‐Pintilie, A. (2020). Improving flood risk map accuracy using high‐density LiDAR data and the HEC‐RAS river analysis system: A case study from north‐eastern Romania. Journal of flood risk management, 13, e12572.
13. Salman, A., Hassan, S. S., Khan, G. D., Goheer, M. A., Khan, A. A., & Sheraz, K. (2021). HEC-RAS and GIS-based flood plain mapping: A case study of Narai Drain Peshawar. Acta Geophysica, 1-11.
14. Farooq M, Shafque M, Khattak MS (2019) Flood hazard assessment and mapping of River Swat using HEC-RAS 2D model and high-resolution 12-m TanDEM-X DEM (WorldDEM). Nat Hazards 97(2):477–492.
15. Mihu-Pintilie A, Cimpianu CI, Stoleriu CC, Perez MN, Paveluc LE (2019) Using high-density LiDAR data and 2D streamfow hydraulic modeling to improve urban food hazard maps: a HEC-RAS multi-scenario approach. Water 11(9):1832.
16. Rangari VA, Umamahesh NV, Bhatt CM (2019) Assessment of inundation risk in urban foods using HEC RAS 2D. Model Earth Syst Environ 5(4):1839–1851.
17. Ebrahimi, p. (2013). Flood zoning using HEC_RAS model (Case study: Nekarood), Master Thesis, Faculty of Natural Resources, Sari University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources. (In Persian)
18. Rahimzadeh Oghaz, A. 2014. Comparison of flood zoning differences by two hydraulic models HEC-RAS and LISFLOOD-FP in Gorgan River floodplain, M.Sc. Thesis, Faculty of Rangeland and Watershed Management, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources. (In Persian)
19. Soulsby, C., Dick, J., Scheliga, B., & Tetzlaff, D. (2017). Taming the flood – how far can we go with trees? Hydrological Processes, 31, 3122–3126.
20. Wilkinson, M. E., Addy, S., Quinn, P. F., & Stutter, M. (2019). Natural flood management: small-scale progress and larger-scale challenges. Scottish Geographical Journal, 135(1-2), 23-32.
21. Lashkari, H., Rashidi, A., Rezaei, A. (2013). Zarinehrood flood zoning using hydrolic model of Hec-Ras and GIS. Researches in Earth Sciences, 4(1), 51-68.
22. Zeratkar, Z., HasanPour, F. (2016). Simulation of BirjandUrban FloodUsing HEC-RAS and ARC-GIS. Watershed Management Research Journal, 29(3), 41-56.
23. Rad, M., Vafakhah, M., Gholmalifard, M. (2018). Flood mapping using HEC-RAS hydraulic model in part of Khorramabad watershed. Journal of Natural Environmental Hazards, 7(16), 211-226.
24. Pornaby Darzi, S., Vafakhah, M., Rajabi, M. (2021). Flood hazard zoning using HEC-RAS Hydraulic Model and ArcGIS (Case Study: CheshmehKileh River in Tonekabon County). Journal of Natural Environmental Hazards, 10(28), 15-28.
25. Munich RE (2019) NatCatSERVICE natural loss events worldwide 1980–2018. Munich Reinsurance Company. https://natcatservice.munichre.com. Accessed 11 June 2019.
26. Desalegn, H., & Mulu, A. (2021). Flood vulnerability assessment using GIS at Fetam watershed, upper Abbay basin, Ethiopia. Heliyon, 7(1), e05865.
27. Stoleriu, C. C., Urzica, A., & Mihu‐Pintilie, A. (2020). Improving flood risk map accuracy using high‐density LiDAR data and the HEC‐RAS river analysis system: A case study from north‐eastern Romania. Journal of flood risk management, 13, e12572.