Prioritizing the Amount of Contamination of Metals Using Pollution Load Factors and Potential Biologic Hazards in the Surface Sediments of the Rivers of the Southeast Coast of the Caspian Sea
Subject Areas : sedimentSahabeh talesh pour 1 , Lobat taghavi 2 , Nasrollahzadeh Saravi 3
1 - Ph.D Student, Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
2 - Associate Professor, Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran* (Correspondent)
3 - Caspian Sea Ecology Institute, Fisheries Research Institute of Iran, Organization for Research, Education and Promotion of Agriculture, Sari, Iran
Keywords: Metal elements, Caspian Sea, rivers, Pollution indicators, Sediment,
Abstract :
Abstract: Sediments are the most important storage and uptake of metals and other pollutants in aquatic ecosystems and can reflect the quality of aquatic systems. In this study, sediment contamination to zinc, copper, lead and cadmium metals based on pollution index (PLI) and evaluation of metal element hazards on living organisms based on biological hazard potential index (MERMQ) in surface sediments of rivers in the southeast coast of the Caspian Sea was performed. Methods: In order to measure and determine the indicators of metal pollution, sampling of surface sediments of the estuary and a distance of 1000 meters from the estuary of some rivers on the southeastern shores of the Caspian Sea including Gorganrood, Qarahsu, Nekaroudeh, Tajna, Talar and Babolrood was performed. Samples were prepared in the laboratory using a mixture of three nitric acids, fluoride and hydrochloric acid and then analyzed by atomic absorption spectrometry. Results: The results of the present study indicate that the MERMQ index of metallic elements in the sediments of rivers on the southern shores of the Caspian Sea ranged from 0.073 to 0.12 and the PLI pollution index ranged from 0.36 to 0.58. The results of comparing the concentration of metals in surface sediment samples with the sediment quality standard (NOAA) showed that in all studied stations the amount of measured elements is less than the amount of ERL. Conclusion: Results of MERMQ for sediments demonstrated that in estuaries of Gharesou and Talar river and 1000 metres from Babolroud, the prioritization of biological hazards is in low to medium level and in other stations in the study is in low level. Besides, the results of PLI in sediments Indicated that level of sediments’ pollution to heavy metals is in low level.
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7. Suresh, G., Sutharsan, P., Ramasamy, V., & Venkatachalapathy, R. (2012). Assessment of spatial distribution and potential ecological risk of the heavy metals in relation to granulometric contents of Veeranam lake sediments, India. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 84, 117-124.
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22. Pejman, A., G. N. Bidhendi, M. Ardestani, M. Saeedi and A. Baghvand. 2015. "A new index for assessing heavy metals contamination in sediments: A case study." Ecological Indicators 58: 365-373.
23. Long, E. R., D. D. MacDonald, S. L. Smith and F. D. Calder. 1995. "Incidence of adverse biological effects within ranges of chemical concentrations in marine and estuarine sediments." Environmental management 19(1): 81-97.
24. Meiggs, T. 1980. The use of sediment analysis in forensic investigations and procedural requirements for such studies. Journal of in Contaminants and Sediments, 297-308.
25. Mohtashamzadeh M. Nasrallahzadeh Saravi, h. Pure 1393.
Evaluation of heavy metal pollution of zinc using geochemical aggregate index of molars on surface rocks of the southern coast of the Caspian Sea. Kharazmi International Educational and Research Institute.
26. Hashemi, S, J. Bakhtiari, A, R. Lak, R. 2013. Source Identification and Distribution of Lead, Copper, Zinc, Nickel, Chromium and Vanadium in Surface Sediments of Caspian Sea.JMazandUniv Med Sci. 23: 36-50 (Persian(.
27. Maghsoudi, AS. Vaney, m. Yazdi, M. 1394. Pollution of Heavy Metals and Investigating the Intensity of Enrichment and Geochemical Indices in the River Nekarod. 167-174.
28. Moghazi, Q. Saidi m Jamshidi, O. 2011 Estimation of Heavy Metals Contamination in Babolrood River Sediments Using Sediment Pollution Indices, 6th National Congress of Civil Engineering, Semnan University.
29. Islam, M. S., Ahmed, M. K., Raknuzzaman, M., Habibullah-Al-Mamun, M., & Islam, M. K. 2015. Heavy metal pollution in surface water and sediment: A preliminary assessment of an urban river in a developing country. Ecological Indicators, 48, 282-291.
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1. Taghavi, L ;1394, A review of development plans and policies in the water resources sector and a model for measuring its sustainability. Journal of Sustainability, Development and Environment, Volume 2, Number 4.
2. Lamanso, R. Cheung ,Y. Chan, K, M. 1999. Metal concentration in the tissues of rabbitfish collected from ToloHarbour in Hong kong. Journal of Marine Pollution Bulletin, 39: 123-134.
3. Ma, X., H. Zuo, M. Tian, L. Zhang, J. Meng, X. Zhou, N. Min, X. Chang and Y. Liu. 2016. "Assessment of heavy metals contamination in sediments from three adjacent regions of the Yellow River using metal chemical fractions and multivariate analysis techniques." Chemosphere 144: 264-272.
4. Burger ,J. Gochfeld, M. 2006. Locational differences in heavy metals and metalloids in pacific blueMytilusedulis from Adak Island in the Aleutian Chain, Alaska. Science of Total Environment, 368: 937-950.
5. França, S.Vinagre, C. Caçador, I. Cabral, N. 2005. Heavy metal concentration in sediment, benthic invertebrates and fish in three salt marsh areas subjected to differevt pollution loads in the Tagus Estuary (Portugal), journal of Marine Pollution Bulletin. 50: 993-1018.
6. Kazemi, A., Bakhtiari, A. R., Kheirabadi, N., Barani, H., & Haidari, B. 2012. Distribution patterns of metals contamination in sediments based on type regional development on the intertidal coastal zones of the Persian Gulf, Iran. Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology, 88(1), 100-103.
7. Suresh, G., Sutharsan, P., Ramasamy, V., & Venkatachalapathy, R. (2012). Assessment of spatial distribution and potential ecological risk of the heavy metals in relation to granulometric contents of Veeranam lake sediments, India. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 84, 117-124.
8. Acevedo-Figueroa, D., Jiménez, B. D., Rodriguez-Sierra, C. J. 2006. Trace metals in sediments of two estuarine lagoons from Puerto Rico. Environmental Pollution, 141(2), 336-342.
9. Ismaili Sari, AS. 1381. Pollutants, health and environmental standards. Tehran: Mehr Publication.
10. Habibian, T. 1387. Biological accumulation of heavy metals (nickel, zinc and lead) in pseudo-shirodi fish and lobster beds (Mahshahr and Mevahi). Thesis of Khozestan University of Science and Research.
11. Li, M., Yang, W., Sun, T., & Jin, Y.2016. Potential ecological risk of heavy metal contamination in sediments and macrobenthos in coastal wetlands induced by freshwater releases: A case study in the Yellow River Delta, China. Marine pollution bulletin, 103(1), 227-239.
12. Jonson , MD PhD, Larry ,E.ed .2013.Copper .Merck Manual Home Health Handbook.
13. Grass ,G. Rensing ,Ch.Solioz ,M. 2011.Minireviews Metallic copper as an Antimicrobial Surface .Environmental microbiology , Mar .p.1541-1547.
14. Monferran, M. V., Garnero, P. L., Wunderlin, D. A., & de los Angeles Bistoni, M.2016. Potential human health risks from metals and As via Odontesthes bonariensis consumption and ecological risk assessments in a eutrophic lake. Ecotoxicology and environmental safety, 129, 302-310.
15. Li, X., Thornton, I. 20011. Chemical partitioning of trace and major elements in soils contaminated by mining and smelting activities. Applied Geochemistry, 16(15), 1693-1706.
16. Honglei, L., Liqing, L., Chengqing, Y., Baoqing, S.2008. Fraction distribution and risk assessment of heavy metals in sediments of Moshui Lake. Journal of Environmental Sciences, 20(4), 390 - 397.
17. Birch, G. F., Taylor, S. E., Mattal, C. 2001. Small-scale spatial and temporal variance in the concentration of heavy metals in aquatic sediments: a review and some new concepts. Environmental Pollution, 113(3), 357-372.
18. Sakan, S. M., Đorđević, D. S., Manojlović, D. D., &Predrag, P. S. 2009. Assessment of heavy metal pollutants accumulation in the Tisza river sediments. Journal of Environmental Management, 90(11), 3382-3390.
19. Shajan, K.P. 2001. Geochemistry of bottom sediments from a river estuary shelf mixing zone on the tropical southwest coast of India. Bulletin of the Geological Survey of Japan, 52(8), 371-382.
20. 19.Yu, G. Y, Liu. S, Yu, S. Wu, A. Leung, X. Luo, B. Xu, H. Li and M. Wong. 2011. "Inconsistency and comprehensiveness of risk assessments for heavy metals in urban surface sediments." Chemosphere 85(6): 1080-1087.
21. McCready, S. G. F. Birch andE. R. Long. 2006. "Metallic and organic contaminants in sediments of Sydney Harbour, Australia and vicinity—a chemical dataset for evaluating sediment quality guidelines." Environment International 32(4): 455-465.
22. Pejman, A., G. N. Bidhendi, M. Ardestani, M. Saeedi and A. Baghvand. 2015. "A new index for assessing heavy metals contamination in sediments: A case study." Ecological Indicators 58: 365-373.
23. Long, E. R., D. D. MacDonald, S. L. Smith and F. D. Calder. 1995. "Incidence of adverse biological effects within ranges of chemical concentrations in marine and estuarine sediments." Environmental management 19(1): 81-97.
24. Meiggs, T. 1980. The use of sediment analysis in forensic investigations and procedural requirements for such studies. Journal of in Contaminants and Sediments, 297-308.
25. Mohtashamzadeh M. Nasrallahzadeh Saravi, h. Pure 1393.
Evaluation of heavy metal pollution of zinc using geochemical aggregate index of molars on surface rocks of the southern coast of the Caspian Sea. Kharazmi International Educational and Research Institute.
26. Hashemi, S, J. Bakhtiari, A, R. Lak, R. 2013. Source Identification and Distribution of Lead, Copper, Zinc, Nickel, Chromium and Vanadium in Surface Sediments of Caspian Sea.JMazandUniv Med Sci. 23: 36-50 (Persian(.
27. Maghsoudi, AS. Vaney, m. Yazdi, M. 1394. Pollution of Heavy Metals and Investigating the Intensity of Enrichment and Geochemical Indices in the River Nekarod. 167-174.
28. Moghazi, Q. Saidi m Jamshidi, O. 2011 Estimation of Heavy Metals Contamination in Babolrood River Sediments Using Sediment Pollution Indices, 6th National Congress of Civil Engineering, Semnan University.
29. Islam, M. S., Ahmed, M. K., Raknuzzaman, M., Habibullah-Al-Mamun, M., & Islam, M. K. 2015. Heavy metal pollution in surface water and sediment: A preliminary assessment of an urban river in a developing country. Ecological Indicators, 48, 282-291.
