• List of Articles Sediment

      • Open Access Article

        1 - Sustainable Prefabricated Structure Design by Salt Sediment Inspired from Material Distribution Optimization of Human Trabecular Bone
        Azin Jalali mahmoud golabchi
        Nature can be an interesting source of human inspiration for design and inventions. Man has been always related to the nature in different levels. Bionic Architecture is a new trend in contemporary world that benefits from sustainable nature`s solutions for human proble More
        Nature can be an interesting source of human inspiration for design and inventions. Man has been always related to the nature in different levels. Bionic Architecture is a new trend in contemporary world that benefits from sustainable nature`s solutions for human problems. There are two main methods of bio inspired design, First: Bottom-Up or solution based method, Second: Top-Down or problem based method. The authors used Top-Down or problem based method to find the article`s main question: How to design a sustainable self-growing and self-compacting structure which is cheap and uses minimum material. First there was problem of construction with minimum material usage and ecosystem damage, then human bone as an inspiring source was focused on, and abstracted form modeled by 3D printers can lead this basic prototype to industrial mass production. This article aims to find a solution for problem of over extracting materials from environment which is a factor of unsustainability in architecture and construction industry. It tries to discover the pattern of how structures optimize their material usage to build their selves. Natural structures extract needed materials from their context gradually, an example of these structures in nature is human bone that have balance between strength, weigh and material distribution. How to simulate this semi prefabricated, self-compacting and intelligent structure able to self-healing and self-destroying itself in essential parts and gradually extract material from its context environment grows and completes itself is the result of this article. The process of simulation from natural model to industrial sample is discussed in the main text. The process contains these steps: Discovering bone structure, Abstracting bone pattern, Simulating bone growth, and providing sediment phase. Bone structure can be simulated into two different ways. One of them is using random points as basic matrix and the other one is Voronoi pattern. Both of these methods can be modeled by Grasshopper plugin and Rhino software. After modeling abstracted Trabecular pattern as basic matrix, it can be made by 3D printers which use cheap and abundant material like sand. The basic sand matrix is put into over salinized water to become more and more compacted by time duration and salt sediments. The Piezoelectric property of the bone cells could be ignited by external forces is the basic cause of calcium ions absorption from bloodstream and calcium precipitation on bone matrix. Bone grows up according to the direction of the external force vectors. Simulation of this dynamic process in a smart structure that builds and destroys and repairs itself is proposed to use Quarts sensors which has the same piezoelectric feature and can simulate the behavior of bone calcium precipitation by making heat from the forces that have to bear and making heat as reaction. The material for process of structure growth is salt (sea salt). As the water of Persian Gulf or Lake Urmia is facing over salinization crisis, extracting salt from these over salty water and returning less salty water to its source can supply environmental sustainability of this kind of construction method. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        2 - Operation and empirical models to estimate erosion and Tvlydrsvb (Case Study castle area between the city Provinces.)
        منصوره قوام محمود دره رودی علی البوعلی
        Including water resources and soil erosion processes that threaten the country. Erosion process is very complex and many factors are involved in it ‌Kh most important climatic factors, land slope, Pvshsh‌Gyahy, and how land is managed. Due to lack of information on the More
        Including water resources and soil erosion processes that threaten the country. Erosion process is very complex and many factors are involved in it ‌Kh most important climatic factors, land slope, Pvshsh‌Gyahy, and how land is managed. Due to lack of information on the area of the experimental method, four methods MPSIAC‌, EPM, FAO, BLM selection and evaluation of these four models in the domain of Kohgiluyeh Boyer Ahmad (the area between the castle) was performed. Cleans four basic models of erosion and deposition model to quantify and the other two as a qualitative estimate erosion. Based on annual erosion rate MPSIAC 59/3 tons per hectare per year and areas for EPM 76/2 tons per hectare per year, respectively. In the method, FAO, BLM final scores for all domains related to the erosion of 9/55 and 9/47, respectively, the average was calculated. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        3 - The Evaluation of soil erosion and sediment yield in Namdan basin using MPSIAC and GIS Model
        محمد ابراهیم عفیفی
        The Flat and low slope morphology of Namdan and its margin springs have made Shadkam River less accessible in the middle parts. Thus the agricultural development in this area is difficult. Namdan has a deep alluvial sedimentary basin and the thickness of sediments is pr More
        The Flat and low slope morphology of Namdan and its margin springs have made Shadkam River less accessible in the middle parts. Thus the agricultural development in this area is difficult. Namdan has a deep alluvial sedimentary basin and the thickness of sediments is predicted about 100 meters. Soil is an important natural resources and its erosion causes the serious vulnerability in social and economic development as well as environmental hazards. In this article, the quality of sedimentation in Namdan basin has been evaluated using GIS and MPSIAC model. The first goal of this study is the Zonation of sedimentation in terms of sediment production in studied area and the second is to calculate the quality of sedimentation (QS), total sediment production and their classifieds in the basin. The results of basin zonation are classified in high, medium, and low erosion class. Also, the zonation with high sedimentation from North West to South East of the basin in Shadkam River, where type of lithology and land cover are rivers and waterways, alluvial deposits, silty clay, sand and rubber, is seen Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        4 - Comparison of the Statistical Regression and Fuzzy Methods for Estimating Sediment Load for Telvar River
        Baharak Motamedvaziri Hasan Ahmadi Mohammad Mahdavi Forood Sharifi
        Estimation of rivers sediment load is one of the most important problems for designof hydraulic structures, investigating water quality, conserving fish habitate, estimatingerosion and determining watershed management effects.There is two metheod for estimating sediment More
        Estimation of rivers sediment load is one of the most important problems for designof hydraulic structures, investigating water quality, conserving fish habitate, estimatingerosion and determining watershed management effects.There is two metheod for estimating sediment load: empirical and regressionmethods. Existence of numerous empirical methods for estimation of river sedimentload, a wide range of calibration coefficients shows that a suitable analytical orempirical method does not yet exist to accurately estimate the sediment load.Therefore, the measured discharges and sediment concentrations in hydrometrystations are statistically analyses for an accurate estimation of sediment loads in rivers.In usual statistical methods a power function is generally fitted on the data sets of flowand sediment discharge and thus the total sediment load could be calculated using thisfunction. These methods are not able to recognize and separate the specific datameasuring conditions. Therefore, they are not only able to accurately estimate thesediment load, but also can not show the temporal variation of sediment loads. In spiteof this problems, researcher are using Artificial Intelligence methods such as FuzzyLogic, nowadays.In this study, the measured suspended sediment load at hydrometry stations ofTelvar River is analyzed using USBR and FAO methods (usual statistical methods).Furthermore, Sediment suspended load are estimated with a model developed based onFuzzy Logic rules. Then the results of these mothods are compared. This researchstudy has shown that the temporal variation of sediment loads can be analyzed using afuzzy method. Also the, results obtained using the fuzzy method in comparison withthe corresponding values obtained using the usual statistical methods shows a bettercorrelation with the observed values. In all stations the fuzzy method estimated thesediment loads between ones obtained using statistical methods. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        5 - The study of the Geomorphology and the Erosion in Alomoute river basin.
        SH GHAHRAMANI محمد رضا SARVATI
        The Alamute rood basin is located in central Alborz montain , and is one of the trinmings and the main lops of the Shahrood river and at last beside a basin of the Sefidrood vast basin in the east – north of Ghazvin. Each year 40 milliun  of the sediment of t More
        The Alamute rood basin is located in central Alborz montain , and is one of the trinmings and the main lops of the Shahrood river and at last beside a basin of the Sefidrood vast basin in the east – north of Ghazvin. Each year 40 milliun  of the sediment of this surface is separated and move to rivers flows and at last pour to Sefidrood dam and the surface of the below before the Sefidrood dam lake. At the bottom of the Allamute valley and the middle of the basin the markers that is related to Neogen period include sediment of evaporated and discontracted and also the makers of paleogen in the sowth hight and the makers of the kartase and infra kambrin in the North hight. The landforms that are the same on old conic. Erosion valley and the earthquicks specially in the Neogen and red and small sediment in konglomera in Neogen and also erosion cliff. In this way 16% of the rigeon that are in the makers of the Neogen have the hard and influenced of the forming of sediment. Paint this geomorphology that is influenced in the erosion and the sediment in the basin. The topography factor is the fint factor and the geometry and the kind ofter sond is the second and the coverage of the greens factor that is included the act changes of the farms for the herbivorons is the last factor of the erosion. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        6 - Sub basins Priority for Planning and Reclamation (Case Study: Maroof Watershed)
        Ali asghar mohammadi Hasan ahmadi
        The most problem, must be considered in the watershed reclamation is priority of type and amounts of difficult in the each of sub basin in the watershed. In the watershed to depend on characteristics, such as geology layers erodibility, high slope, un prosivity of facie More
        The most problem, must be considered in the watershed reclamation is priority of type and amounts of difficult in the each of sub basin in the watershed. In the watershed to depend on characteristics, such as geology layers erodibility, high slope, un prosivity of facies and un natural factors such as way of land use and… some problems such as soil erosion, flood happening and… existed. Therefore in this research with using of MPSIAC model the amount of spatial sediment, with using of regional flood analysis, the amount of runoff, the amount of agricultural land for unnatural and human factor and in the end, flood coefficient in each of sub basins in the Maroof watershed considered. Then for each of factors average and standard deviation earned and normalized figures, then with earned matrices, the amount of important of each criteria in sub basins was earned quantitative. In the end with summation of total range variation in each of sub basins, amount of quantities importance of factors determined and reclamation and prevention plan in total area in four priorities earned. So the first priority (importantly) relevant to M3-1 and M3int sub basins and final priority (importantly) relevant to M1 sub basin.It seems that Iran can change the threat to opportunities by thinking about national profits and adopthing useful strategies. Manuscript profile
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        7 - Performance Evaluation of M5 Tree Model and Support Vector Regression Methods in Suspended Sediment Load Modeling
        Mohammad Taghi Sattari علی رضازاده جودی Forugh Safdari فراز قهرمانیان
        Sediment transport has always affected the river and civil structures and the lack of knowledge about its exact amount causes high damages. Therefore, it is very important to properly estimate the sediment load in rivers in terms of sediment, erosion and flood control. More
        Sediment transport has always affected the river and civil structures and the lack of knowledge about its exact amount causes high damages. Therefore, it is very important to properly estimate the sediment load in rivers in terms of sediment, erosion and flood control. This study used two new data mining methods including M5 model tree and support vector regression comparing with the classic method of sediment rating curve to estimate the suspended sediment load in Aharchay River. To assess the performance of the used methods, three criteria including the correlation coefficient, root mean square error and mean absolute error were used. Analyzing the sensitivity of models to the input variables, it was found that the variable of flow discharge in the current month had the greatest effect on the amount of suspended sediment load. The results showed the high accuracy of new data mining methods in comparison with the sediment rating curve. Although, both considered data mining methods had more accuracy and less error compared to the conventional sediment rating curve, given the simple understandable linear relationships provided by the M5 model tree, this method is recommended for similar cases. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        8 - Investigation of lithological units susceptibility of erosion using mineralogical characteristics
        Seid Saeid Ghiasi Sadat Feiznia Alireza Moghadam nia Somayye Najirad
        Soil resource conservation requires management approaches and provides appropriate solutions that can be achieved by knowing nature of rock units and relative importance of main sediment sources. The aim of this study is to determine hole of each lithological unit in se More
        Soil resource conservation requires management approaches and provides appropriate solutions that can be achieved by knowing nature of rock units and relative importance of main sediment sources. The aim of this study is to determine hole of each lithological unit in sediment generation and to recognize their erosion conditions. For this purpose after sampling the sediment source and sediments of waterways of Kiov-chai Watershed, grading was performed for all samples by dry sieving. Then, 600 micron and 4 mm sieves were selected as indicators and by choosing 100 grains of sediment from each sample, mineralogical analysis was performed using a pair of binocular and considering mineral and rock fragments the results were compared with and adapted to the lithological units and the share percentage of each stone, was determined by counting the number of minerals and rock fragments. The results showed, Qvl lithological unit has the highest share in sediment yield with a 45.51 percent and has the very severe erosion status with total erosion index score with a 1053.14 which can be justified completely due to extensive degradation and its spread on both sides of the main river. After Qvl lithological unit, Qds2 and Qvb lithological units have the highest share in sediment yield with a 30.87 and 10.54 percent, respectively and Qtasllithological unit has the lowest share in sediment yield with a 45.51 percent. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        9 - Increasing the accuracy of predicting sediment yield in watem/sedem model using image fusion algorithm (case study: Darkesh watershed)
        عاطفه بهزادفر Abdulvahed Khaledi Darvishan علیرضا قره گوزلو
        Nowadays, knowing the amount of soil erosion is an important part of the comprehensive management ofwatersheds. Due to the lack of sufficient information and data relating to water and sediment discharges inwatersheds, soil erosion is estimated using user-friendly model More
        Nowadays, knowing the amount of soil erosion is an important part of the comprehensive management ofwatersheds. Due to the lack of sufficient information and data relating to water and sediment discharges inwatersheds, soil erosion is estimated using user-friendly models and new technologies. The aim of this study isto predict erosion and sediment yield in the Darkesh watershed, North Khorasan province, usingWaTEM/SEDEM model and RS and GIS and image fusion algorithm. At the first, the crop management factor(C) was mapped based on land use map. The Gram-Schmidt algorithm was used to combining multispectralimages Landsat 7 and 8 with panchromatic images for the two satellite images with 12-year time distance (2003and 2015) and a scale of 1:25,000. The maps of other input factors were then prepared using ArcGIS and ENVIsoftware and the model was run and the rates of erosion and sediment yield with the scale of 1:25,000 waspredicted with and without image fusion algorithm and were compared with the observed rates in the watershed.Comparing observed sediment data in Darkesh watershed with predicted amounts showed that the final map oferosion classification by applying image fusion algorithm led to better and more accurate identification oferosion sensitive areas. Based on the results of this study, high-performance of WaTEM/SEDEM model topredict of sediment yield was proved and it was found that image fusion algorithm was also led to increase theaccuracy of the results. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        10 - Evaluation of Genetic Expression Programming model for Suspended Sediment Load estimation based on data preprocessing using Gamma Test method (Case study: Rood Zard watershed)
        Adele Alijanpour Shalmani Ali Reza Vaezi Mahmood Reza Tabatabaei
        In this research, the data of the machine hydrometric station was used in the Rood Zard watershed with a statistical period of 36 years (1977-2012). In order to reduce time and cost, pre-processing of input data into the GEP model was obtained using gamma test method an More
        In this research, the data of the machine hydrometric station was used in the Rood Zard watershed with a statistical period of 36 years (1977-2012). In order to reduce time and cost, pre-processing of input data into the GEP model was obtained using gamma test method and entered the GEP model along with non-preprocessing combinations of the test and error method. The results of comparison between all models showed that the best combination of input variable from gamma test with the lowest standard error is zero, gamma statistic is 0.000092 and Vratio statistic is 0.012 and the combination of variables including average daily flow discharge with two steps of time delay and average daily precipitation with three steps of time delay, had the most accurate and correct estimate for suspended sediment load. This model had the lowest value of RMSE=1671.90 (ton/day) and MAE=475.68 (ton/day) and the highest value of R2=0.99 and NSE=0.99 compared to other models. Therefore, the use of gamma test method as a data preprocessing method, by selecting combinations of appropriate input variables to models, an average of up to 40% of the estimated error (RMSE) of daily suspended sediment load compared to the inputs from the test and reduce the error and increase the performance of the GEP model in estimating the suspended sediment load by increasing the similarity between the values of observational data with computational data. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        11 - Laboratory Valuation of Longitudinal and Transverse Profiles of Scour in a 180-Degree Channel: Application of Permeable Triangular Vanes
        Mohammad Reza Kalamizadeh Amir Abbas Kamanbedast Ali Reza Masjedi Mahmoud Shafai Bejestan Hooshang Hasoonizadeh
        10.30495/wsrcj.2022.20325
        Background and Objectives: One of the new methods for controlling erosion on the outer bank of river curve is the use of plates connected to the riverbank. Coastal vanes are the environmental structures which are used to control bank erosion, divert flow from bank to ri More
        Background and Objectives: One of the new methods for controlling erosion on the outer bank of river curve is the use of plates connected to the riverbank. Coastal vanes are the environmental structures which are used to control bank erosion, divert flow from bank to river center, improve sediment transport status, develop river for sailing, restorate and develop river's aquatic habitat. Despite the many advantages of coastal vanes, there is no detailed information about erosion and sedimentation and flow patterns around them under different hydraulic and geometric conditions and fewer research have been done. In the present study, the effect of different installation scenarios of triangular permeable vanes on bed sediment longitudinal and transverse profile changes in a laboratory channel with a 180-degree bend is evaluated.Methods: In this research, the main purpose is to investigate sedimentation and erosion patterns in the rivers’ bend using coastal triangular vanes; in this regard, the impact of distance between triangular vanes, their effective length, and Froud number on the erosion control of the outer bank of the 180 degree bend is focused. Experiments in a laboratory flume with a mild 180-degree bend with a  ratio and a rectangular cross section with a width of 0.6 meters is done. The angle of fixed triangular vanes is 60 degrees, the height of the permeable triangular vanes from the sediment surface is 10cm and the permeability of the triangular vanes is 12%. The experiments were carried out with limpid water mode. The effective lengths of the prepared vanes were 12, 15 and 20 cm with installation intervals of 60, 75 and 100 cm respectively and were run at two different inlet discharges.Results: Investigating the effect of the distance between permeable triangular vanes on bed topography shows that in each Froud number, with increasing the distance of vanes from each other, the maximum scour depth will be increased. The results demonstrate the use of permeable triangular vanes causes the flow deviation from the outer bank to the center and then the inner bank of the flume, which leads to control the erosion in the river outer bank. By increasing the inlet flow discharge and increasing the effective length of triangular vanes and the distance of triangular vanes from each other in a 180-degree bend, the maximum scour depth and volume are increased. The installation of triangular vanes with an effective length of  and a distance of 5L causes the flow deviation from the outer bank to the vanes cape and the middle of the flume, consequently results in a decrease in the shear stress in the middle of the flume and scour depth of the erosion channel and creates thalweg in the vanes cape.Conclusion: The results illustrate that by installing the triangular vanes, the point-bars are created in the interval between them. Therefore, during the effective length of 12cm, the maximum height of the point-bar on the outer bank equals to 30 and 31% of water depth, between the 0 to 170 degrees and 68.7 to 115 degrees equal to 11 times and 3 times the distance between the vanes, for discharge values of 13.5 and 15.5 l/sec, respectively. Also, for the mentioned conditions the width of the point-bar on the outer bank reaches  85% and 75% of vanes’ effective length , respectively. Permeable triangular vanes with six pillars are recommended for meandering rivers like  Karun in 90 and 180-degree arcs. These rivers have high torsion and curvature as well as high flow depth and low flow velocity in them, which contain high suspended sediments and the slope of this type of rivers is 0.001 or less and due to the low slope, their sediment carrying potential. Sediment loads are mostly fine. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        12 - Spatial Pattern of Sediment Yield by Sediment Structural Connectivity Model in the Taleghan Watershed, Iran
        Mohammad Ali Hilou Seyed Abbas Hosseini Ahmad Sharafati
        10.30495/wsrcj.2022.68481.11309
        Background and Aim: Nowadays, due to the importance of sediments in watersheds, the integrated watershed management in the country requires a specific framework in planning related to monitoring and control of sediments.One of the most effective methods is the use of se More
        Background and Aim: Nowadays, due to the importance of sediments in watersheds, the integrated watershed management in the country requires a specific framework in planning related to monitoring and control of sediments.One of the most effective methods is the use of sediment connectivity index (IC). Connectivity process is an innovative concept to understand the processes which occur in the watershed area that affect water flow and sediment movement at different spatial-temporal scales. This index explains the degree of connection of the sediment flow throughout the watershed, especially between the sediment source and the downstream area, and in a way, expresses the sediment delivery ratio. Therefore, the current research is conducted with the aim of investigating the sediment connectivity in Taleghan watershed of Alborz province to extract the sediment connectivity index map and also verify the results with field investigations.Method: In this research, in order to investigate the spatial pattern of sediment production in the watershed, the sediment connectivity map of the basin was drawn from the method presented by Borselli et al. and the definition of connectivity index (IC). For this purpose, at first, topographic data from 30-Meter Digital Elevation Model and vegetation data at 10- and 30-meters spatial resolution are obtained with Sentinel-2A and Landsat 8 images, respectively, and by using data layers such as the average slope gradient, the average weighting factor and the upslope contributing area the amount of upstream component of the flow starting path in sediment transport was calculated. Then, using the layers of the length towards the downslope path, the weight factor of each cell and finally the slope gradient of each cell, the downstream component in the sediment connectivity network was calculated and by referring to catchment outlet in the ArcGIS 10-2-2 software, the connectivity index for all pixels Calculated and the sediment connectivity map was drawn. The IC can assume values ranging from -∞ to +∞ and as IC grows toward +∞, the connectivity increases, finally in order to evaluate the results of the field connection index model (FIC), it is implemented in 30 points of the watershed and the correlation between the IC index and FIC in these points are evaluated. Results: According to the findings of this research as well as the fitting of IC sediment connectivity index values with FIC field sediment connectivity index in 30 points, the relationship between these two indicators is linear. The coefficient of determining the output of the model with a spatial accuracy of 30 meters was obtained with a numerical value of 0.62, It shows the higher accuracy of the sediment connectivity index results with a spatial resolution of 10 meters compared to 30 meters. Although the distribution of the points is irregular in some cases, the general trend of the results shows that with the increase in the amount of IC connection, the amount of FIC field computing sediment connection has also increased linearly. In calculating the index of connectivity, the factors such as the shape, slope and roughness of the basin which are easily accessible due to the less data requirement and high efficiency, can be the basis for improving the estimation of sedimentation models.Conclusion: In this research, the results show that the sediment connectivity index with a spatial accuracy of 10 meters has a higher accuracy than the connectivity index with a spatial accuracy of 30 meters. In addition, the results demonstrate the slope and the vegetation factor are critical parameters in the sedimentation of the Taleghan watershed. It is also worth mentioning that in order to investigate the effect of the watershed area and the principal waterway length, the results of the sediment connectivity index can be evaluated more precisely at the sub-basin and even the hillslopes. Considering the importance of these items in the sedimentation of each sub-basin, including the flow direction map and flow accumulation in the assumptions of this model, is one of the advantages of this technique. The other important advantage of this model is its low data requirement, which can greatly reduce the complexity and data requirements of existing erosion and sedimentation models. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        13 - The Effect of Thickness and Number of Permeable Obstacles on Density Current Control and Trapping
        Alireza Jahangir Kazem Esmaili Mahmoud Faghfour Maghrebi
        Understanding and studying the river flooding, which in most cases is density current, can help to reduce adverse effects of sedimentation. To this end, the creation of obstacles in the bed of stream will be effective. In this paper, the effect of thickness (dimension) More
        Understanding and studying the river flooding, which in most cases is density current, can help to reduce adverse effects of sedimentation. To this end, the creation of obstacles in the bed of stream will be effective. In this paper, the effect of thickness (dimension) and the second layer of permeable obstacles on the control and trapping of density current is investigated experimentally. For this purpose, two types of groove and cavity obstacles with grooves and cavity diameters equal to 3 mm and made of plaque glass were used. Density currents were created by adding an insoluble, suspended polymer of expanded polystyrene with a mean diameter of 1.15 mm and a density of 1.155 g / l. The experiments utilized two different concentrations (10 and 20%), five different porosities, four different angles, four different thicknesses and two barrier layers. The results showed that the density current process with 10% porosity of the groove obstacle increased with increasing thickness. The second layer of obstacles have increased the material passage through both groove and cavity obstacles. This increase was recorded in the groove type of 1.96 and the cavity type of 2.34. Investigations showed that the optimal distance of the second obstacle from the first was 2.25 meters. According to the results, under similar conditions, cavity obstacles always perform better than groove ones. Manuscript profile
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        14 - Modeling Estimation of Suspended Sediment Rate in Pasikhan River Using Decision Tree Artificial Neural Network
        سیدسامان Nasiri Ebrahim Amiri محبوبه shadabi
        Accurate estimation of sediment transport in rivers due to erosion is an important factor for the management of hydrological projects. Artificial neural networks are of great importance for many reasons, such as the ability to detect patterns, the good relationship betw More
        Accurate estimation of sediment transport in rivers due to erosion is an important factor for the management of hydrological projects. Artificial neural networks are of great importance for many reasons, such as the ability to detect patterns, the good relationship between input and output, and the need for less input data to predict suspended sedimentation. Accordingly, the present study attempts to model the estimation of suspended sediment content in the Pasikhan River using the artificial neural network of the M5 decision tree. The amount of sediment in rivers is subject to many parameters of river geometry, hydraulic flow and sediment properties. For this reason, in this study, it has been tried to reduce the number of effective parameters by first dimensioning the effective parameters on sediment transport capacity. The results showed that the initial decision tree, the M5 tree, does not require pruning and is suitable for use. Three parameters of determination coefficient (R2), mean relative error (ME) and mean squared error (RMSE) were used to evaluate the accuracy of the prediction model. The obtained values for these three parameters were 0.851, 1037.64 and 941.32, respectively, indicating the suitability of these three parameters. Comparison of suspended sediment yield from decision tree model with Pasikhan River measurement data showed that the coefficient of determination was 0.8953 which is a very good value. The results showed that this model is effective in predicting suspended sediment content in the Pasikhan River. Manuscript profile
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        15 - Laboratory evaluation of the effect of permeable vanes distance using six-pillar concrete elements on the bend migration
        Ebrahim Najjaran Amir Abbas Kamanbedast Mahmood Shafai Bejestan Alireza Masjedi Hooshang Hasonizadeh
        Permeable vanes are structures that move the erosion of the outer bank of the river by diverting the erosive flow from the outer arch of the river to its center. In this study, the pattern of erosion and sedimentation around the hydraulic structure in the installation c More
        Permeable vanes are structures that move the erosion of the outer bank of the river by diverting the erosive flow from the outer arch of the river to its center. In this study, the pattern of erosion and sedimentation around the hydraulic structure in the installation conditions of different distances from each other has been studied. Six-pillar concrete elements are materials that form a permeable structure overlapping and are applicable without drying the riverbed. These blocks need to be examined for how the structure works. With this concept, in the present study, the performance of this structures were performed in a laboratory channel with a width of 60 cm and a 180 degree flume under different hydraulic conditions (Fr = 0.227, 0.244, 0.261, 0.278). The required data were measured at different distances (5L, 6L, 7L, 8L) with an effective length equal to 20% of the width of the flume (L=12cm). Control experiment was performed in similar conditions to other scenarios without groins construction. Comparison of the results of the control and main experiments showed that the construction of permeable rectangular groin with a distance of 5L had the best efficiency in reducing the maximum depth of scour at the outer bank compared to the control experiments equal to 70.1% and 57.9% in Froud numbers of 0.227 and 0.261, respectively. Manuscript profile
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        16 - Monitoring and Forecasting of Effective Climatic Factors on the Mobility of Sand Dunes in Semnan province
        Ebrahim Yousefi Mobarhan Mansor Ghodrati Mohammad Khosroshahi
        10.30495/wsrcj.2021.18085
        Wind erosion and the movement of quicksands are considered as one of the important processes of land degradation and a serious challenge in Iran. In this study, an attempt was made to estimate the frequency of dust days in synoptic stations of Semnan province by conside More
        Wind erosion and the movement of quicksands are considered as one of the important processes of land degradation and a serious challenge in Iran. In this study, an attempt was made to estimate the frequency of dust days in synoptic stations of Semnan province by considering the weather conditions. Also, the activity of sand dunes based on Lancaster index was examined. The results of this study during the statistical period of 15 years (2003-2017) showed Damghan station with 10% of erosive winds and 1058 days with dust and Shahroud station with 1% of erosive winds and 58 days with dust and Dust has the highest and lowest percentages of winds with speeds higher than the wind erosion threshold, respectively. The results of Lancaster index showed that Damghan city with the highest index has the potential of "fully active" wind sediments and therefore the stabilization of sand dunes is essential to reduce the damage caused by the activity of sand dunes in this area. The results of predicting the effects of possible changes in climatic factors on the mobility of quicksand in the selected station of the province showed that the sensitivity of sand mobility to changes due to increase in rain more than wind speed and to changes in decrease due to rain less than wind speed and if the average wind speed decreases by 30% in the future or the amount of rainfall increases by 30%, the condition of the hills will change from fully active to active. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        17 - Investigating the Effect of Land Use Changes on the Distribution of Dam Reservoir Sediment (Case Study: Lasak Dam) Using the HEC-RAS Model
        Saeed Rashedi Seyed Abbas Hosseini Sara Nazif Bagher Ghermezcheshmeh
        10.30495/wsrcj.2023.73193.11376
        Introduction: In the last few decades, due to the growth of industries, drastic changes have occurred in the climate of the planet, and its average temperature has increased significantly. Land use changes and climate have had a great impact on discharge and sediment pr More
        Introduction: In the last few decades, due to the growth of industries, drastic changes have occurred in the climate of the planet, and its average temperature has increased significantly. Land use changes and climate have had a great impact on discharge and sediment production in watershed. The increase in the production of sediments has many harmful environmental and constructional effects; among these effects we can mention the reduction of the useful depth of the dam and consequently the reduction of the life of the dam. The purpose of this study is to investigate the process of sedimentation along the Mubarakabad River (Emamzadeh Ebrahim watershed) and the effect of time on the increase in the sedimentation depth of the Lasak dam reservoir located in Guilan province using the HEC-RAS model in different states for the time range of 1997 to 2071. Methods: Mubarakabad River is one of the main branches of Pasikhan River, which is the most important river supplying water to Anzali wetland. This watershed has various uses, including forest, degraded pasture, medium pasture and good quality pasture, residential, paddy field, etc. To carry out this study, land use changes in the years 1997, 2007, 2020, 2040 and 2071 were used. In order to measure the runoff, sediment and flow rate in the coming years (2022 and 2071) with the help of the LARS-WG statistical model in two scenarios (RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5) and SWAT tool was investigated. To implement the HEC-RAS model, three models of surface reduction were used: Borland and Miller's method, Moody's surface reduction method and surface increase method. The input variables of the model are loaded in three sections: topographic map, discharge information, discharge-sediment, and sediment grading. The model was calibrated using discharge and sediment data during the study period. In this study, changes in sedimentation along the Mubarakabad River from upstream to the construction site of Lasak Dam were investigated. Also, the sedimentation depth of the dam reservoir was investigated in different years using the HEC-RAS model. Results: The simulation results of this study showed that with passing of time, the percentage of residential areas will increase significantly and the area of pastures located in the southern part of the basin will decrease. Currently, in this basin, the total area of 1.87 km2 has been allocated to the residential sector, which includes several villages. While in 2071, this amount will reach 21.45 km2. Also, pastures with dense coverage in this basin in 1997 were equal to 99.65 km2, and in 2071 this amount will decrease to 4.82 km2. The results of this study showed that from the source to the construction site of the dam, sediment deposition has increased due to the reduction of the slope, and the largest amount of sediments have accumulated in the reservoir of the dam. It was also observed that with passing time, the depth of sediments behind the dam reservoir has increased significantly, which reduces the efficiency of the dam. The results of this study showed that there is an increasing trend in the sedimentation depth of the reservoir, so that its maximum value was obtained in 2071, equivalent to 39.1 meters from the height of the dam intake. The results of this study show that in the years 2071 and 2040, 2.02 and 1.92 million tons of sediment will settle in the Lasak dam reservoir, respectively. Conclusion: According to the results obtained from the HEC-RAS model simulation in the Emamzadeh Ebrahim watershed, it can be seen that if detailed and executive planning is not done in this area, land use change will occur severely. This change of uses causes the increase of soil erosion and production of sediment in the watershed, in other words, this change of uses can be considered as an alarm for the destruction of Anzali Wetland. In general, due to the conditions of the watershed and its high erosion upstream, the life of the Lasak dam will not be long, and its construction will reduce the water rights of the Anzali wetland and lead this international wetland to complete destruction at a faster rate.  Manuscript profile
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        18 - Determining the Optimal Amount of Zeolite in Order to Control Runoff and Sedimentation of Burnt Soil under Laboratory Conditions
        Leila Gholami Ataollah Kavian Nabiyeh Karimi
        Background and Aim: Changes in soil moisture and aggregates stability both in the short term and in the long term after fire are important because of their important role in plant growth and nutrition and soil erosion. On the other hand, the conditioners usage in soil a More
        Background and Aim: Changes in soil moisture and aggregates stability both in the short term and in the long term after fire are important because of their important role in plant growth and nutrition and soil erosion. On the other hand, the conditioners usage in soil and water conservation is necessary for the sustainable usage of water and soil resources. The soil and water conservation requires the determining the optimal amount of soil conditioners in order to prevent water pollution with the application of chemical fertilizers. Nevertheless, determining the optimal amount of various soil conditioners less has been note with the quantification aim of their effect on the runoff and soil loss components. The present study was conducted in order to determination of the optimal amount of zeolite in fire soil under laboratory conditions. Method: In the current research, zeolite additive with amounts of 250, 500 and 750 g m-2 was used in the collected soil from the rangeland. The preliminary results on the soil showed that the soil texture, organic matter, organic carbon and pH, EC were clay, 0.47 percent, 0.27 percent, 7.86, respectively. After preparing the soil and placing inside plots (with scale of 0.5 m2), fire treatment applied to the soil surface. For this purpose, the remains of air-dried rangeland species with amounts about 250 g m-2 were poured and then fire was applied. The plots were placed under rainfall simulator system for a rainfall intensity of 50 mm h-1. Then, the runoff and sediment samples were collected in control and conserved plots with zeolite in three replicates. The total volume of the runoff sample and its sediment concentration were take constant for 24 h and the excess water volume of the samples was drained and finally the samples were placed in an oven at a temperature of 105˚c for 24 h. Results: The statistical results indicated the zeolite conditioner with rates of 250, 50, and 750 g m-2 on the surface of fire soil had the significant effect on the increasing the time to runoff (in confidence level of 99 percent) and decreasing the runoff volume (in confidence level of 99 percent), soil loss (in confidence level of 99 percent) and sediment concentration (in confidence level of 99 percent). Also, the results showed that the conservation percentage of time to runoff in zeolite treatment with rates of 250, 500 and 750 g s-2 was 1.61, 17.30 and 20.04 percent, respectively. The changes percent of the runoff volume in the fire soil with the zeolite application with different amounts was 8.00, 10.66 and 22.66 percent, respectively. The results of soil loss indicated that the conservation percent of zeolite conditioner in fire soil after the zeolite application with the used amounts was 14.24, 32.03 and 38.33 percent, respectively. Finally, the changes percent of zeolite conditioner in the fire soil on sediment concentration were 21.13, 24.90 and 21.41 percent, respectively. Conclusion: The fire phenomenon in the control treatment caused the decreasing the soil porosity and the creation of the hydrophobic layer, which also decreased the infiltration amount of soil and also caused to drying of the soil, especially in the surface layer, and significantly increased the runoff and sediment transportation. The subgrouping results of the different zeolite treatments on the time to runoff showed that zeolite with the amount of 750 g m-2 was placed in the third subgroup, which it was selected as the optimal amount to increasing the time to runoff and reducing the runoff volume in the post-fire soil conditions. Also, the investigation of the conservation effect and grouping the different zeolite amounts showed that the zeolite with the amount of 250 and 500 g m-2 were the better for sediment concentration and soil loss, respectively, its same effect with other amounts and also its discussion of the economic efficiency. Therefore, they are suggested as optimal and practical values for changes study of sediment concentration and soil loss components. Manuscript profile
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        19 - Laboratory investigation on sediment particle size and inlet and outlet angles effect on trapping efficiency in invert traps
        Ali Aryanfar Mahmood Shafai Bejestan Amir Khosrojerdi Hossein Babazadeh
        Invert traps are one of the most effective methods for separating and collecting sediments in open channels. In this research, some experiments were performed in a channel with 4 m long and 25 cm wide for 13 different invert trap configurations with different inlet and More
        Invert traps are one of the most effective methods for separating and collecting sediments in open channels. In this research, some experiments were performed in a channel with 4 m long and 25 cm wide for 13 different invert trap configurations with different inlet and outlet angles. To determine the best trap geometry that has the most retention ratios, four types of plastic beads as a laboratory sediments with the same density but different size and apparent weight were tested in a constant time. Results showed that the inlet and outlet angles of the trap, has a considerable impact on the amount of deposited sediments. In the case of vertical walls of the entrance, whatever outlet wall of the trap has milder angle, trapping rate was larger the incoming angle of the trap was smooth and the outlet wall is vertical, although sediments could easily sinked in, but due to strong vortices formed downstream of the trap, much of these sediments re-suspended and directed away from the trap. Quantitative analysis of the results showed that from the 13 tested geometries, trap with inlet angle of 90° and 34° as an outlet angle, has the highest efficiency on trapping the sediments. Manuscript profile
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        20 - Modeling total sediment load in rivers using artificial neural networks
        Amin Falamaki Mahnaz Eskandari Abdolhossein Baghlani Seyed Ahmad Ahmadi
        Estimating total sediment load in rivers is an important and practical issue for water resources planning and management. The sediment concentration can be calculated by both direct and indirect measurements, but direct methods are usually costly and time-consuming. Fur More
        Estimating total sediment load in rivers is an important and practical issue for water resources planning and management. The sediment concentration can be calculated by both direct and indirect measurements, but direct methods are usually costly and time-consuming. Further, total sediment load can be determined by several sediment load transport models. These equations, however, are applicable in certain circumstances, and in most cases the outcomes do not agree with each other and with measured data. The objective of this study was to propose a method based on artificial neural networks (ANN) to predict total sediment load concentration. Consequently, two ANNs including multilayer perceptrone (MLP) and radial basis function (RBF) with 200 data were used for the modeling purposes. For training and testing the ANN models, 75 and 25 percent of data were used, respectively. The input variables were designated to be average flow velocity, average depth, water surface slope, canal width and median particle diameter of sediment, while the models output was total sediment load concentration. The input variables were included to the models step wisely and the results were evaluated to find out the most suitable ANN models. The predicted values were then compared with five known sediment load transport equations. The conducted statistical analyses indicated that ANNs models in particular MLP can provide better prediction for total sediment load with correlation coefficient of 0.96. It was further concluded that to enhance the accuracy of ANN model, training of the network should be accomplished using both hydrological and sediment data. The Ackers and White equation was very overestimating the total sediment load, while all other equations were underestimating. Based on the results obtained in this study, the ANN-based models provide better concurrence with the observed data, particularly MLP network which can reasonably well predict the peak point of total sediment.   Manuscript profile
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        21 - Granulometric variation of river suspended sediments due to sand and gravel mining (case study: Vaz River)
        Seyed Hamid Reza Sadeghi Sudabe Gharemahmudli
        The correct determination and prediction of sediment transportation by the river is very important for water resources management, flood reduction and environmental sustainability projects. Analysis of sediment particle size can show important information about the orig More
        The correct determination and prediction of sediment transportation by the river is very important for water resources management, flood reduction and environmental sustainability projects. Analysis of sediment particle size can show important information about the origin, history, transportation and deposition conditions of the sediment. However, this matter has been less considered. This study was therefore conducted at Vaz River located in Mazandaran Province to investigate effects of sand harvesting on morphometric characteristics of suspended sediments at upstream and downstream of the study mine. For this purpose, monthly samplings were made at upstream and downstream of the mine from February 2012 to January 2013. The particle sizes of suspended sediment were measured by Master Sizer and corresponding distribution and specifications including mean, sorting, skewness and kurtosis were also analyzed by the GRADISTAT software package. The range of variations of D10, D50, D90, and average particle size of the study samples were obtained as 0.34-1.12, 3.24-13.41, 14.12-90.74 and 3.19-11.45 microns. In addition, changes of sorting, skewness and kurtosis were found from 3.11 to 6.38, -0.13 to -0.32 and 0.88 to 1.29, respectively. Mines discontinuous activity and distance between study mines and sampling locations could be considered as main factors behind non-significant effects of sand and gravel mining on changing suspended sediment particle size distribution. Manuscript profile
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        22 - The effect of clay amount, waterfall height, and flow velocity in cohesive soils on headcut erosion
        Masoumeh Ashourian Mahmood Shafai-Bajestan Hossein Babazadeh
        Headcut erosion is a sudden change in height or slope, which creates gullies and valleys and depending on different factors, it may vary from a height range of less than one inch to some feet and move upstream. This is one of the most significant types of erosions in so More
        Headcut erosion is a sudden change in height or slope, which creates gullies and valleys and depending on different factors, it may vary from a height range of less than one inch to some feet and move upstream. This is one of the most significant types of erosions in soil losses and the major sources of sediment yield. Therefore, knowing this phenomenon, migration rate and sediment yield are important. In this study, seven samples of cohesive soils with different compositions of clay and silt, tested under different circumstances of waterfall height and flow velocity, and discussed migration rate and sediment yield. Tests were continued to reach a constant migration rate. One of the effective phenomenons in all tests was tensional cracks on soil surface. The size and number of these cracks have inverse relation with clay percent. The higher is the adhesion of sediment, the more vertical is the angle of waterfall migration upward. Waterfall slope angle under pure clay conditions was 34.6 degrees, but it increased to 40 degrees in the soil with 50 percent clay. With the 50 percent clay reduction, headcut movement and its average velocity were 3 times more than the one with 10 percent reduction of clay. Moreover, waterfall decline, its mean velocity, and average flow rate of sediment increased by 3.5, 4.5, and 3 times, respectively. Manuscript profile
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        23 - Effect of type and application level of polyacrylamide on soil loss
        Seyed Hamidreza Sadeghi Zeinab Karimi Hossein Ali Bahrami
        Soil erosion is one of the basic issues at global, regional and local scales. Considering management plans in hindering its effects has therefore significant importance. Additionally, application of additive materials including polyacrylamide is one of new techniques in More
        Soil erosion is one of the basic issues at global, regional and local scales. Considering management plans in hindering its effects has therefore significant importance. Additionally, application of additive materials including polyacrylamide is one of new techniques in the field of soil erosion control. Despite of application of Polyacrylamide in runoff and soil erosion management, its contemporary effect in type and the amount of usage has been less considered. The present study was therefore carried out in order to determine the impressibility of soil loss in small plots from application of flour and soluble polyacrylamide in different levels of 0.4, 2, and 6 g m-2 under the laboratory conditions. To this end, three plots with dimensions of 0.5*0.5m and 30% slope were used. In order to apply the current study, rainfall was simulated on study plots with intensity of 50 and 80 mm h-1 and respective duration of 17 and 8 min after 48 h from using polyacrylamide in flour and soluble types. The results obtained from statistical tests verified significant (P=0.00) effect of polyacrylamide type and different rainfall intensities on the amount of soil loss in different levels of the polyacrylamide usage. In addition, the performance of powder application of polyacrylamide under study conditions was found better than that recorded for the solute application and therefore is recommended for the purpose of soil loss control.  Manuscript profile
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        24 - Trend of soil loss and sediment concentration changeability due to application of polyacrylamide
        Seyed Hamid Reza Sadeghi Zeinab Hazbavi Habibollah Younesi Morteza Behzadfar
        Soil erosion control is very important to natural resources conservationists and managers. For this reason, different methods and practices have been developed and used to control soil erosion. Application of soil amendments is one of the most recent technologies in soi More
        Soil erosion control is very important to natural resources conservationists and managers. For this reason, different methods and practices have been developed and used to control soil erosion. Application of soil amendments is one of the most recent technologies in soil and water conservation. However, different aspects of its application have not comprehensively been considered. Hence, the present research intended to assess the application of polyacrylamide (PAM) as an important soil amendment on soil loss and sediment concentration. The research was conducted under simulated rainfall condition in small plots on the loess soils of Bojnourd City located in Northern Khorasan Province, Iran. Accordingly, the laboratory experiments were conducted in treatments of 0 (control), 0.4, 0.6, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 6 g m-2 of polyacrylamide with simulated rainfall intensity of 72 mm h−1 with 30 minutes duration in three replicates. The collected data on soil loss and sediment concentrations showed that polyacrylamide significantly reduced both soil loss (P=0.04) and sediment concentration (P= 0.004). The maximum sum amount of soil loss and sediment concentration were 49.32 g and 10.79 g/l, respectively, at control treatment and their minimum were 18.03 g and 6.93 g/l respectively, at 6 g/m2 level of PAM application.Also, the results showed that the polyacrylamide had no significant effect on temporal changes of soil loss and sediment concentration during event duration (P>0.3). The results suggest that PAM, as an available amendment, can be recommended for water and soil conservation purposes. Manuscript profile
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        25 - Effect of river sand and gravel mining on monthly changeability of suspended sediment concentration
        Seyed Hamidreza Sadeghi Sudabe Gharemahmudli Abdulvahed Khaledi Darvishan Hossein Kheirfam Mahboobeh Kiani Harchegani Pari Saeidi
        Data acquisition on effects of type, amount and transportation processes of sediment load at different temporal and spatial scales due to sand mining activities is essential for proper and better management of sand harvesting. Nevertheless, different aspects of effects More
        Data acquisition on effects of type, amount and transportation processes of sediment load at different temporal and spatial scales due to sand mining activities is essential for proper and better management of sand harvesting. Nevertheless, different aspects of effects of sand mining activities on sediment load changeability at different temporal and spatial scales have been less considered. The present research has been therefore formulated to investigate the effect of sand and gravel mining activities of three mines located on Mazandaran Province viz. Vaz-e-Oulia mine with light and traditional harvesting, Vaz-e-Sofla mine with semi-heavy harvesting and Alesh-Roud mine with intensive harvesting by heavy machinery on suspended sediment concentration load. Toward this attempt, the suspended sediment samples were collected on monthly basis and simultaneously from upstream and downstream of sand and gravel mines from February 2012 to January 2013. The results indicated that the suspended sediment concentration increased at the period of sand and gravel mining activity. It was observed that the suspended sediment concentration in upstream of Vaz-e-Oulia mine increased in June, December, February and March with 40, 5, 23 and 75 percent, respectively. According to the results, the rate of suspended sediment concentration in upstream of Vaz-e-Sofla mine compared to downstream of Vaze-Sofla mine also increased in April, August and February with respective rate of 2, 12 and 36 percent. In addition, the rate of suspended sediment concentration in upstream of Alesh-Roud mine compared to downstream of the study mine increased in May, June and March at tune of 71, 50 and 94 percent. A limited local effect and at a maximum range of a few hundred meters on suspended sediment concentration and in coincidence with harvesting time was also confirmed. Manuscript profile
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        26 - Evaluation of gamma test, cluster analysis, discriminant function analysis and andrews curves methods to separate homogeneous watersheds for regional analysis of suspended sediment
        Hossein Kheirfam Mehdi Vafakhah
        Sediment yield resulting from soil erosion in the watersheds is the major limitation in achieving the sustainable development and major threat to ecosystems. Therefore estimation of output sediment from watersheds is very important. Extent of watershed and deficiency of More
        Sediment yield resulting from soil erosion in the watersheds is the major limitation in achieving the sustainable development and major threat to ecosystems. Therefore estimation of output sediment from watersheds is very important. Extent of watershed and deficiency of sediment measuring stations have caused us to use different indirect methods to estimate sediment, such as the use of models provided in similar watersheds. In this study 42 sediment measuring stations in south and southeast of the Caspian Sea with over 20 year period were chosen. By relating suspended sediment load to stream discharge in the times of flood , daily suspended sediment was estimated by using the daily discharge and the average of annual sediment was calculated. By using the Gamma Test, 13 factors affecting sediment yield were reduced to 5 main factors and by using cluster analysis, discriminate function analysis and andrews curves, study stations were put in homogeneous groups. For each homogeneous group obtained from any one of the mentioned homogenization methods and by using five main factors selected, regression models were developed to estimate the average of annual suspended sediment. Error rates and accuracy of prepared models by using statistical indices of RE, RBIAS and RRMSE were calculated according to observed data. Results indicated that all three homogenous techniques had better results than those of the general model and Andrews Curves with 38.12 and 45.91% RE, 53.16 and 33.11% RRMSE and -0.01 and 0.01 RBIAS in calibration and validation stages, respectively and had better performance than those of two methods i.e. Cluster Analysis and Discriminate Function Analysis for homogenizing of south and southeaster Caspian Sea watersheds based on sediment yield. Also peak discharge (Qp) has the most impact on the average of annual suspended sediment changes. Manuscript profile
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        27 - Effect of plot size on measured runoff and sediment yield from natural rain-storms
        Farrokh Asadzadeh Manoochehr Gorji Alireza Vaezi Reza Sokouti Salman Mirzaee
        Erosion Plots are widely used to evaluate the main factors affecting soil erosion. Therefore, understanding the effects of different variables such as spatial scale on their performance is needed. This study was carried out to assess the effect of plot scale on measured More
        Erosion Plots are widely used to evaluate the main factors affecting soil erosion. Therefore, understanding the effects of different variables such as spatial scale on their performance is needed. This study was carried out to assess the effect of plot scale on measured runoff and sediment yield at event scale. To represent different spatial scales, plots with seven sizes differing in length (2, 5, 10, 15, 22.1, 25, and 30 m) and width (1, 1, 1.2, 1.6, 1.8, 2, and 2.4 m, respectively) were constructed in Poldasht region, west Azarbayjan province, northwest Iran. For each size of plots, specific runoff and sediment yield were separately measured for 11 runoff producing natural storms during the study period from September, 2010 to September, 2011. The results indicated that the unit area runoff and sediment yield decreases with power form relation as plot area or length increases. Statistical analysis of runoff and sediment yield data showed that, in most cases, there is a significant difference between the results of 10 m or shorter in length, plots and longer plots (p<0.05). However, there was no significant difference between the results of 15 m and longer plots. Based on these results, plots with 10 to 15 m in length were able to produce comparable results with large plots. Manuscript profile
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        28 - Suspended sediment particle size distribution in Kojour river
        Seyed Hamidreza Sadeghi Mohamad Ali Zakeri
        Investigation on physical characteristics of suspended sediment is an important subject in river studies. The particle size distribution of the suspended sediment is one of these physical properties represents important links between sources and fluvial mechanisms in th More
        Investigation on physical characteristics of suspended sediment is an important subject in river studies. The particle size distribution of the suspended sediment is one of these physical properties represents important links between sources and fluvial mechanisms in the watersheds. However, limited studies have been conducted in field of suspended sediment particle size distribution. The present study therefore aimed to investigate the particle size distribution of suspended sediments in Kojour River within the period of one year. Toward this attempt, 24 suspended sediment samples were collected at intervals of some 15 days. The particle size distribution was determined after necessary preparations by laser scattering particle size of HORIBA LA-950. The results showed that the suspended sediment diameter were in the range of 0.82 to 353.55 microns during time of sampling and in different conditions. Also, the silt particles with partial contribution of 97.68 % had the largest contribution in the suspended sediment load. In addition, the results indicated that the precipitation and sand harvesting plays an important role in increasing the coarse particles of suspended sediment load.   Manuscript profile
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        29 - The Study of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) Contamination in Sediments of Sisangan Coastal Sediments in South Caspian Sea
        Hossein bagheri Kazem Darvish Bastami Ali Hamzepour
        10.22034/jest.2019.9691
        Introduction: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAHs) is the most important environmental pollutants which originated from various sources. They are stable in seawater and especially in sediments and their degradation occur slowly. Sixteen numbers of this pollutant are i More
        Introduction: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAHs) is the most important environmental pollutants which originated from various sources. They are stable in seawater and especially in sediments and their degradation occur slowly. Sixteen numbers of this pollutant are introduced by Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) as serious carcinogen compounds. In this study, the contents of 16 PAHs compounds were determined in the sediments of Sisanagan coastal sediments (South Caspian Sea). Material and Methods: The sampling was performed by Van Veen grab from 12 sites and 4 transect of the study area. Determination of PAHs (16 components) was performed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Results: The results showed that the total concentration of PAHs varied between 94.55- 336.33 ng/g dry weight of sediments. Maximum individual concentration of PAHs was 132, 97.5 ng g-1 belonged to banzo(b) flouranthene and flouranthene and  Benzo[k]fluoranthene, dibenzo(a,h)anthracen, banzo(g,h.i)perylen, acenaphtylen, banzo(a)pyren and indino were not detected in all of the sampling sites. The total organic matters (TOM) of sampling sites were different from 1.65 to 9.95%. Conclusion: Comparison of PAHs concentrations in the studied sediments with other places in the world showed (PAHs) pollutions of studied sediments are medium to low and results also showed that PAHs pollutants in this area have both pyrogenic (Fuel) and petrogenic sources. Comparing the values obtained in this area with standard PAHs (ISQGs, NOAA) indicated contaminated sediments are not harmful effect on the creatures. Manuscript profile
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        30 - Survey of Heavy Metals (Cd, Pb and Cu) pollution in Sediment of Deilam Port in Persian Gulf
        javad seiedi lale masavi dehmordi eshagh khaki
        10.30495/jest.2018.10902.1947
        Background and Objective: Evaluation of pollution in the port of Deylam and assessment Risks of environmental pollution Taking the position of the port and And direct contact People with the sea ‚this port is very important.Material and Methodology: In this study More
        Background and Objective: Evaluation of pollution in the port of Deylam and assessment Risks of environmental pollution Taking the position of the port and And direct contact People with the sea ‚this port is very important.Material and Methodology: In this study sediments samples were collected from 5 stations along coast. After drying and digesting of samples in Nitric acid and Perchloric acid, concentrations of heavy metals were measured by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS).Finding: The results of this study have shown that the levels of heavy metals in sediments of stations based on micrograms per gram dry weight of 2/1-6/40 Cu, 10/4-21/18Pb-1/1-2/8for Cd. between stations surveyed in the study In seaside Park station had the lowest pollution by metals. Bandar Imam hasan and Bandar Lyltyn Stations had the highest rate of pollution of these metals.Discussion and Conclusion: Comparison rate of these metals with international standards showed that the concentration of Cu and Pb concentrations is below international standards, but the amount of these metals was higher than USEPA standards. And the amount of cadmium is more from the standard USEPA, sediment quality US (NOAA) and sediment quality in Canada (ISQGS).  Manuscript profile
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        31 - Evaluation of Suspended Sediment Load by Sediment Rating Curves and Comparing with Artificial Neural Network and Regression Methods (Case study: Babolrud River Mazandaran Province)
        Alireza Mardookhpour Hosein jamasbi Omid Alipour
        10.22034/jest.2018.22430.3152
        Background and Objective: In this research the object is prediction of suspended sediment load by and artificial neural network (ANN), Sediment Rating Curves (SRC) and regression methodfor BabolrudRiver in Mazandaran province. Method: The inputs conclude discharge and t More
        Background and Objective: In this research the object is prediction of suspended sediment load by and artificial neural network (ANN), Sediment Rating Curves (SRC) and regression methodfor BabolrudRiver in Mazandaran province. Method: The inputs conclude discharge and the output is sediments concentration in time series. The input and output of river have positive procedure for (1979-2013) and 75% of data utilized for training and 25% for tests. For training the network, data that recognize issue conditions were selected and some data for testing, Findings: The results show the concentration of sediment suspended load derived artificial neural network and is close together and regression coefficient is 92.8%, while regression coefficient is 83% for sediment rating curves and 90% for statistical method respectively. Discussion and Conclusion: In conclusion, artificial neural network (ANN) has more workability and flexibility for prediction of suspended sediment load to sediment rating curves and statistical methods. Manuscript profile
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        32 - The Concentration of Lead and Cadmium in the Hermit Crab (Coenobita scaevola) and Sediments of KISH Island
        Mahsa Aghabozorgi Atefeh Chamani
        10.22034/jest.2020.33219.4095
        Background and Objective: The presence of hermit crabs in aquatic species and coastal bird’s food chain and their significant role in environmental remediation highlight the importance of studying these species as biological indicators. Hence, this study assessed More
        Background and Objective: The presence of hermit crabs in aquatic species and coastal bird’s food chain and their significant role in environmental remediation highlight the importance of studying these species as biological indicators. Hence, this study assessed the concentration of Lead and Cadmium in sediments of and hard tissue of hermit crabs in KISH Island and compared the results against international standards. Methods: To determine the concentration of Lead and Cadmium, 30 sediment samples and 60 crabs were randomly collected from the south and southeast of KISH Island. By preparation and analysis of specimens, the concentration of heavy metals was determined using atomic absorption spectrophotometer.  Findings: The mean concentration of lead and cadmium in the sediments of the south and southeast coasts of Kish Island were 63.20 and 2.94 mg/kg, respectively, both of which are higher than the sediment quality standards of Canada and NOAA. The mean concentration of lead and cadmium in the hard tissue of Coenobita scaevola were 20.92 and 2.09 mg/kg, respectively, which is much higher than the average obtained in similar studies on Persian Gulf aquatic animals. Discussion and Conclusion: The mean concentration of lead and cadmium in the hard tissue of Coenobita Scaevola is much higher than the similar studies on Persian Gulf aquatics. The interaction of lead and cadmium in disrupting growth physiology has been proven. Cadmium has a negative effect on nutrition, growth, survival, and reproductive activities of Coenobita Scaevola. Manuscript profile
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        33 - Prioritizing the Amount of Contamination of Metals Using Pollution Load Factors and Potential Biologic Hazards in the Surface Sediments of the Rivers of the Southeast Coast of the Caspian Sea
        Sahabeh talesh pour Lobat taghavi Nasrollahzadeh Saravi
        10.22034/jest.2021.23986.3307
        Abstract: Sediments are the most important storage and uptake of metals and other pollutants in aquatic ecosystems and can reflect the quality of aquatic systems. In this study, sediment contamination to zinc, copper, lead and cadmium metals based on pollution index (PL More
        Abstract: Sediments are the most important storage and uptake of metals and other pollutants in aquatic ecosystems and can reflect the quality of aquatic systems. In this study, sediment contamination to zinc, copper, lead and cadmium metals based on pollution index (PLI) and evaluation of metal element hazards on living organisms based on biological hazard potential index (MERMQ) in surface sediments of rivers in the southeast coast of the Caspian Sea was performed. Methods: In order to measure and determine the indicators of metal pollution, sampling of surface sediments of the estuary and a distance of 1000 meters from the estuary of some rivers on the southeastern shores of the Caspian Sea including Gorganrood, Qarahsu, Nekaroudeh, Tajna, Talar and Babolrood was performed. Samples were prepared in the laboratory using a mixture of three nitric acids, fluoride and hydrochloric acid and then analyzed by atomic absorption spectrometry. Results: The results of the present study indicate that the MERMQ index of metallic elements in the sediments of rivers on the southern shores of the Caspian Sea ranged from 0.073 to 0.12 and the PLI pollution index ranged from 0.36 to 0.58. The results of comparing the concentration of metals in surface sediment samples with the sediment quality standard (NOAA) showed that in all studied stations the amount of measured elements is less than the amount of ERL. Conclusion: Results of MERMQ for sediments demonstrated that in estuaries of Gharesou and Talar river and 1000 metres from Babolroud, the prioritization of biological hazards is in low to medium level and in other stations in the study is in low level. Besides, the results of PLI in sediments Indicated that level of sediments’ pollution to heavy metals is in low level. Manuscript profile
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        34 - Evaluating the Effects of Run off on Khadijeh Khatoun Basin Using MPSIAC Model
        Hamidreza Pazouki Mahdi Sarai Tabrizi Hossein Babazadeh
        10.30495/jest.2019.42260.4819
        Background and Objective: Unfortunately, in recent decade, due to land use change and vegetation cover degradation, most of the rainfall changed into run off and causes abundant loss of life and property by creating enormous floods. The purpose of this evaluation was to More
        Background and Objective: Unfortunately, in recent decade, due to land use change and vegetation cover degradation, most of the rainfall changed into run off and causes abundant loss of life and property by creating enormous floods. The purpose of this evaluation was to study the run off impacts on the erosion of the catchment area using the MPSIAC model.Method: For this purpose, the basic information and maps of the Khadijeh Khatoon basin in 2018 such as topographic and geology maps were collected. Then the calculation steps of nine model factors including surface geology or metrology, soil, climate, run off, topography, land cover, land use, current erosion and river erosion, and erosion and Sediment is estimated. Finally, the relationship between runoff and erosion of the basin was determined and the model of erosion and sediment estimation from runoff was determined.Findings: The results of this study showed that the amount of soil erosion is equal to 5806.97 tons per year and is 3.58 tons per hectare per year. If the value of one ton of agricultural land is equal to 50 US dollars and if the condition of erosion is available, the value of 5806.97 tons per year is equal to 290348.5 US dollars, which is equal to 11613.9 million Rials. The MPSIAC's seventh and eighth factor basins are the most effective factors.Discussion and Conclusion: This conclusion suggests that pastures around Khadijeh Khatoun are not well-conditioned due to over-capacity utilization, and the whole of the region's pastures due to climatic conditions. Also, the results showed that the runoff factor had a linear correlation of 0.98 with erosion, which indicates that the higher the runoff, the increase in the amount of erosion and deposition.  Manuscript profile
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        35 - Determination of organochlorine pesticide residues in the sediments of Rasht Rivers and their hazard assessment
        Shahab Yousefzadeh Ebrahim Asghari-Kaljahi Nasir Amel
        10.22034/jest.2021.11128
        Background and Objective: In this study, some samples of bed sediments from Rasht rivers were obtained and 19 organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) were determined for specifying the contamination profiles, distribution characteristics, effective factors and hazard of carcin More
        Background and Objective: In this study, some samples of bed sediments from Rasht rivers were obtained and 19 organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) were determined for specifying the contamination profiles, distribution characteristics, effective factors and hazard of carcinogenic compounds. OCPs as Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPS) haskhown vast distribution, persistence and accumulation in the environment. Their high toxicity to humans and non-target organisms are a significant threat to human health and biodiversity. Method: Identify and determine the concentrations of organochlorine pesticides analysis were conducted on bed sediment samples by liquid-liquid micro extraction method and then by gas chromatography flame ionization (GC-FID) and via external standard calibration curve drawing. Findings:Based on the analysis, total concentration of OCPs is in the range of 2.6-60.2 ng/g, with an average of 20 ng/g. The main sources of pollution are Heptachlor, HCHs, DDTs and Endosulfans and highest contamination of the dominant pollutant DDE isomers belonges to sediments of Pir Bazar River. Discussion and Conclusion: The results are showed that there were various amounts of new and past entries. The analysis shows that the potential source of high levels of DDTs and HCHs residues of pesticides returns to the pastconsumptions.   Manuscript profile
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        36 - Optimization of rectangular secondary sedimentation tanks inlet (Case study: Tehran Wastewater Treatment Plant)
        Akbar Akbarpour Alireza Mardookhpour
        10.30495/jest.2021.59792.5337
        Background and Objective: One of the most important parts of treatment plants is the sedimentation tanks in them, which play an important role in wastewater treatment. Due to this issue, a correct understanding of the behavior of sediment reservoirs is essential for the More
        Background and Objective: One of the most important parts of treatment plants is the sedimentation tanks in them, which play an important role in wastewater treatment. Due to this issue, a correct understanding of the behavior of sediment reservoirs is essential for the design and operation of reservoirs. Therefore, it is not far-fetched that engineers are thinking of designing new tanks as best as possible and improving their efficiency. In order to achieve these goals, various methods have been proposed, among which improving the efficiency of reservoirs by changing the geometry in the reservoir is not only important but also an economic method and attracts the opinion of engineers from different aspects. Has attracted.Material and Methodology: The studied model has been removed from the existing wastewater treatment plant in Tehran. In the basic paper, different inputs of flow to the sedimentation pond are analyzed and by comparing the efficiency of different inputs, a specific input is presented as a suggestion. In the present study, the same inlet and reservoir will be used and by adding the sediment parameter as a new parameter, the hydraulic and flow and sedimentation characteristics in the said reservoir will be determined. It is 13 meters wide and 4/4 high. In order to observe the distribution of suspended solids during the settling process, the water in the reservoir at the beginning of the process is free of sediment (clear) and then with the entry of wastewater containing suspended solids, the method of releasing suspended solids and then settling of solids can be Observed in full.Findings: In the model at the entry points, distances of 10, 20 and ... to 60 (output overflow) by creating virtual sensors, flow parameters were used to produce and analyze comparative graphs. The findings indicate that time The analysis is in accordance with the residence time of the regulation is 6500 seconds, which in the range of about 800 to 1000 seconds of analysis (16 minutes) the flow and movement conditions of sediments are balanced and is constant until the end of the residence timeDiscussion and Conclusion: The results show that the contour particles of sediment particles in the reservoir are at times 50, 300, 500 and 1000, respectively. After 1000 seconds to 6500 seconds, the situation is completely stabilized and there is no change in the contours compared to 1000 seconds. On the other hand, the amount of suspended solids in wastewater decreases by moving downstream and reaches zero within 10 meters of the end, which indicates the complete removal of suspended solids in the sedimentation process. The results also show that the most turbulent energy is at the outlet at a distance of 10 meters from the inlet, which is due to the eddy current and rotation in this area. By moving downstream, the turbulence current decreases and at a point 10 meters from the outlet is close to zero, which indicates the correct operation of the tank. Manuscript profile
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        37 - Modeling of Qaleh Rudkhan river sediment rate prediction, using LSTM neural network
        Mahbobeh Shadabi bejand Ebrahim Amiri
        10.30495/jest.2022.54871.5157
        Background and Objective: Proper estimation of the amount of sediment flowing in rivers is important as a data base for many river engineering designs and processes. Qaleh Rudkhan River is one of the most important water basins in the west of Gilan province. The most im More
        Background and Objective: Proper estimation of the amount of sediment flowing in rivers is important as a data base for many river engineering designs and processes. Qaleh Rudkhan River is one of the most important water basins in the west of Gilan province. The most important branches of the basin are two branches named Gasht Rudkhan and Ghaleh Rudkhan. The river (Qaleh Rudkhan) is made up of two branches (Heydaralat) and (Nazaralat). Therefore, the purpose of this study was to model the prediction of sediment rate in Qaleh Rudkhan River using long short-term memory neural network (LSTM). Material and Methodology: In this research, the recorded Debi-sediment statistics related to the statistical period of 1381 to 1395 has been used. These statistics include daily instantaneous Debi in cubic meter per second and daily instantaneous sediment in ton per day, which are measured simultaneously. The data used to model the artificial neural network are Debi-sediment values the accuracy of the predictions was evaluated with three error criteria. Findings: The three criteria considered are AFE, FFE and n-AFE, respectively. Discussion and Conclusion: Among these criteria, the FFE criterion showed that the correlation between the model output and the measured sediment data is appropriate. As a result, the LSTM model has the appropriate accuracy to predict the amount of sediment in the two rivers of Qala-e-Rudkhan. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        38 - Study of the Potential Pollution of Heavy Metals in Sediments of Anzali Wetland Based on Sequential Extraction Technique
        samira behravesh alireza pourkhabbaz Mohammad Ebrahimpour
        10.30495/jest.2020.20774.2981
        Background and Objective: In present century, population growth, technology development and agriculture development are causing environmental pollutions. Many pollutants are entering into the environment by humans; one of the major environmental pollutants is heavy meta More
        Background and Objective: In present century, population growth, technology development and agriculture development are causing environmental pollutions. Many pollutants are entering into the environment by humans; one of the major environmental pollutants is heavy metals which enter to the aquatic ecosystems. These elements are very stable and because of their toxic effects and accumulation have a particular importance. Level of heavy metals in aquatic ecosystems like wetland by measuring their concentration in water, sediments and organisms is considered. Sediments are the potential source of contamination in aquatic environments and act as sink for pollutants. As forms of heavy metals are varying to make different mobility, bioavailability and toxicity, the measurement of total elements cannot provide the complete information of the characteristics of heavy metals. Therefore, sequential extraction processes of elements of sediments have been developed.Material and Methodology: In this study, concentration of cadmium, copper, lead, zinc and chromium in surface of sediments at the southwest regions of Anzali wetland were studied by sequential extraction process in four stages. Sediments were sampled from six sites by Grab sampler. Concentration of elements in these samples was determined by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS).Findings: Average concentrations of elements in the sequential extraction method showed that metals rates in the different fractions was: Residual > Organic Oxidation > Acid Reduction > Exchangeable. In total, metals concentration in sediment samples of the southwest of Anzali wetland was: Zn>Cu>Pb>Cr>Cd.Discussion and Conclusion: Geochemical Accumulation Index (Igeo) was calculated for these elements. According to this factor, cadmium pollution in this area was moderate (Igeo=1.65). Other elements had shown no pollution. Individual Contamination Factor (ICF) for heavy metals calculated, also. These results showed that lead and chromium had the highest bioavailability so they can be dangerous for organisms. Manuscript profile
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        39 - Comparison of Models TOPSIS, SAW, ELECTRE and VIKOR in order to the prioritization of sedimentation and flood hazard of watersheds
        Mehdi Teimouri Ehsan Alvandi
        10.30495/jest.2022.45404.4731
        Background and Objective: To determine and zonation of flood prone hazardous area and prioritization the sub-basins in terms of flood potential can have great contributions in promising watershed management. The present research aims to prioritize flood and sedimentatio More
        Background and Objective: To determine and zonation of flood prone hazardous area and prioritization the sub-basins in terms of flood potential can have great contributions in promising watershed management. The present research aims to prioritize flood and sedimentation potential in the sub-basins of the Bonekooh watershed using TOPSIS, SAW, ELECTRE and VIKOR methods. Material and Methodology: In this present study, we used area estimation indices, drainage density, gravel coefficient, basin average height, basin average slope, curve number, sediment yield, cover percentage, sediment delivery ratio, runoff height and concentration time as an important indicators affecting water permeability, runoff production and, consequently, the potential for flooding and sedimentation. Then, using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method, the weight of each index is met. Following the formation of decision matrix with 18 options (sub-basins) and 11 criteria (evaluation index), Technique for order Preference by Similarity to ideal Solution (TOPSIS), Simple Additive Weighting (SAW), Elimination Et Choice Translation Reality (ELECTRE) and Vise Kriterijumska Optimizacija Kompromisno Resenje (VIKOR) techniques were used to prioritize sub-basins. Borda and Copland methods were used to combine the rank of proposed techniques. The residual sum of squares (RSS) method was used to determine the closest method to the final result. Also, in order to validate the models, we estimated the percentage change and the intensity of the changes. Findings: The results showed that the highest runoff height index (0.18) and the gravel coefficient had the lowest weight (0.028), according to experts. Prioritization results showed that in SAW, TOPSIS and VIKOR methods, sub-zones 9, 4, and 2 ranked first to third priorities respectively and are in a more critical situation, but in the ELECTRE approach sub-basins 9, 4, 2 and 7, respectively, have the first to third priorities. Considering the results of the combined ranking of the proposed techniques, sub-basins 9, 4 and 2 are in first to third priority, respectively, and have a more critical situation than the rest of the sub-basins. Also, zones with flood and sedimentation potential in the area showed that 32% of the area in high and very high risk. The results of the sum squared error showed that the VIKOR method had the least error and the ELECTRE method had the most error than the final ranking. Also, the TOPSIS and VIKOR methods with the lowest percentage of change (59.72%) were ranked first and the ELECTRE method with the highest percentage change (65.27%) is the last rank. The lowest intensity was also observed in the VIKOR method (4.59) and the highest intensity variation was observed in ELECTRE method (5.61). Discussion and Conclusion: Therefore, it can be said that multi-criteria decision-making techniques are a practical and appropriate approach for better decision-making based on mathematical sciences and optimization. Therefore, these types of low-cost and fast-track research can be prioritized to protect watersheds. Manuscript profile
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        40 - Evaluation of the concentration and distribution pattern of lead, zinc, chromium and cadmium in surface sediments of Karun River using geostatistics in GIS environment
        MIR MEHRDAD MIRSANJARI fariba hedayatzadeh Hamid Reza pourkhabbaz
        10.30495/jest.2020.31632.3988
        Background and Objective: In aquatic ecosystems heavy metals are very important due to their toxicity and endurance and having a high bio-accumulation in the environment. The aim of this research, Evaluation of the concentration and distribution pattern of heavy metals More
        Background and Objective: In aquatic ecosystems heavy metals are very important due to their toxicity and endurance and having a high bio-accumulation in the environment. The aim of this research, Evaluation of the concentration and distribution pattern of heavy metals (lead, zinc, chromium and cadmium) in surface sediments of the Karun River.Material and Methodology: To determine the concentration and distribution of heavy metals (lead, zinc, chromium and cadmium) in sediments of the Karun River in summer and winter of 2015, six stations were selected and from each station 3 samples of sediments were randomly collected. After transferring samples to the laboratory, drying and digestion of samples, the measurement of heavy metals was performed using a Flame atomic absorption spectrometry. An inverse weight-distance method was used to interpolate the distribution of heavy metals.Findings: According to the results, zinc had the highest concentration and cadmium had the lowest concentration among the studied metals in the surface sediments of the Karun River. The mean concentrations of lead, zinc, chromium and cadmium in summer were 26.28, 72.36, 53.48 and 3.85 μg/g dry weight and in winter were 13.47, 59.59, 30.26 And 0.42 μg/g dry weight, respectively.Discussion and Conclusion: Comparison of the measured heavy metals concentration by the American and Canadian national guidelines indicated that levels of Cr in the summer and Cd in surface sediments were higher than the Threshold effect level (Canadian Guideline) and Lowest Effect Level (NOAA Guideline). Whereas Concentrations of other metals were lower than mentioned limits. The findings of this study provide useful information on the distribution of heavy metals concentration in the Karun River sediments which can help monitoring and assessment of sediments in the region. Manuscript profile
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        41 - Investigation of the accuracy of multilayer perceptron network and radial base function in estimating river sediment (Case study: Zayandehrud)
        Ramtin Sobhkhiz Alireza Mardookhpour
        10.22034/jest.2021.56444.5208
        Background and Objective: Estimating the amount of sediment by the river is one of the topics that has been considered by many researchers since the past. Reduction of the dam reservoir capacity because of sediments has different effects on different sections and causes More
        Background and Objective: Estimating the amount of sediment by the river is one of the topics that has been considered by many researchers since the past. Reduction of the dam reservoir capacity because of sediments has different effects on different sections and causes adverse effects on the water rights that were initially agreed upon, which will impose several economic and specific consequences. This study aims to model and estimate the amount of suspended sediment using existing experimental equations and new methods called black box. Material and Methodology: The discharge (volumetric flow rate) related to Zayandehrud River in Eskandari station, one of the hydrological measuring stations, has been used to estimate the amount of sediment. For this purpose, water discharge and sediment rate are used as input and output, respectively. Findings: According to the obtained results, it is concluded that the RBF network has better performance due to less error in the test stage, but the MLP network seems to have a better performance considering other parameters and the error in the TRAIN stage. Discussion and Conclusion: Finally, after modeling by using neural networks, the Einstein relationship, and the sediment measurement curve, it is inferred that neural networks are more accurate to estimate the amount of sediment. Manuscript profile
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        42 - Sedimentary environment and sequence stratigraphy of Jahrum Formation with a view on Paleo-ecology in the interior Fars, Zagros (SW Iran)
        seyede Samaneh yazdanpanah Vahid Ahmadi Mehran Arian Zahra maleki
        10.30495/jest.2022.63297.5506
        Background and Objective: Jahrum Formation has long been of special interest due to its wide distribution, Biostratigraphic and Lithostratigraphic differences in different areas, and the existence of hydrocarbon reserves. The purpose of this study is to investigate the More
        Background and Objective: Jahrum Formation has long been of special interest due to its wide distribution, Biostratigraphic and Lithostratigraphic differences in different areas, and the existence of hydrocarbon reserves. The purpose of this study is to investigate the Jahrum Formation in the study areas, in terms of stratigraphic position (thickness and lithology) and geology (contact with upper and lower formations) and its paleontology. Material and Methodology: The study conducted on Jahrum formation (lower and Middle Eocene) of interior Fars, Zagros. The 465 samples were collected from Gushenekan, kuh-e-Chehel Cheshme and Tong garm. Thin sections were used to study of stratigraghy, microfacies and microfossils. Findings: According to them, two sedimentery sequences identified. The main aims of the research are Identification of the Jahrum formation borders that connected to the Asmari at the top as discotinuty and the Sachun formation at bottom as concordant. Discussion and Conclusions: Based on this study Jahrum formation has deposited in the internal ramp and consisting two sequences. Additionaly, sedimentary environment, geochemical analysis and Paleontological ecology of the Jahrum were studied too. Also, the tectonic position of the sedimentary basin of Jahrum Formation in comparison with the adjacent basins was presented in the form of a conceptual design for the first time. Manuscript profile
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        43 - Determination of Pollution Caused by Heavy Metals Cu, Zn, Ni and Pb in the Persian Gulf Coastal Sediments
        Akbar Elsagh Mohammad Barmaki
        Background and Objective : In recent years, many industries activities such as refining crude oil,aluminum and zinc production, ship repair and construction, loading and unloading minerals andchemicals, as a development center in Bandar Abbas of southern Iran, has exace More
        Background and Objective : In recent years, many industries activities such as refining crude oil,aluminum and zinc production, ship repair and construction, loading and unloading minerals andchemicals, as a development center in Bandar Abbas of southern Iran, has exacerbated the pollutionand destruction of sensitive ecosystems of coastal region water. Therefore, determination of traceelements, making the harmful effects on marine ecosystems including aquatic and consequent effects,puts man’s life in sediments of coastal waters and which is important. Based on this researchmeasurement of the amount of heavy metals Ni, Zn, Cu and Pb in coastal sediments is the target ofBandar Abbas area.Materials and Methods: All stages of sample digestion and sedimentation according to standardmethods (MOOPAM) were performed. The amount of heavy metals Ni, Zn, Cu and Pb in coastalsediments by atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) was measured.Results : On this basis, the average concentration of heavy metals copper, zinc, nickel and lead insediments, respectively 35.2 ± 0.2, 89.1 ± 0.3, 27.9 ± 0.3 and 149.6 ± 0.1 (μg g-1) dry weight sediment,has been calculated. These values mean concentrations of elements in the sediments are above theglobal and domestic and foreign regions standard.Conclusion: Statistical analysis (ANOVA: Single Factor) showed that concentrations of heavy metalscopper, zinc, nickel and lead in sediment are significant differences between the crossings. Twoelements lead and nickel with a coefficient of correlation 0.8368 have the highest range thenrespectively the elements lead and zinc with a coefficient of correlation 0.5270, nickel and copper witha coefficient of correlation 0.1722, nickel and zinc with a coefficient depends on 0.1704 and copperand zinc with correlation coefficient of 0.0890 are placed at the next step. The correlation coefficientbetween positive and significant lead and nickel, lead and zinc, nickel and copper, nickel and zincfinally determined that the source of pollution in the sediments of these elements is the same.Coefficient of negative correlation between different elements showed that the resource of thesediment for these heavy metals is the same. Manuscript profile
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        44 - Zonning, distribution and sources of TPH and heavy metals in Mahshahr Bay sediments, Persian Gulf
        Alireza Vaezi Abdolreza Karbassi Alireza Valikhani Samani Mehdi Heidari Mojtaba Fakhraee Alireza Rahmati
        Introduction: Petroleum hydrocarbons and heavy metals are considered as common environmental contaminants and a worldwide concern. The aim of this study was to determine sediment contamination and to perform ecological risk assessments in the Mahshahr Bay. Material and More
        Introduction: Petroleum hydrocarbons and heavy metals are considered as common environmental contaminants and a worldwide concern. The aim of this study was to determine sediment contamination and to perform ecological risk assessments in the Mahshahr Bay. Material and Methods: Sediment samples were collected from the coastal area of the Petrochemical Special Economic Zone of Musa Estuary, which is located at the northwest of the Persian Gulf. Thirty-tow surficial sediment samples were collected. Total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) concentration of the sediment samples was determined using gas chromatography-flame ionization detector (GC-FID). Also, the concentration of metals (Al, As, Ba, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Sr and Zn) in surface sediment samples was determined using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). Results: The average TPH concentration in the study area was 42 mg/kg. The highest TPH value was recorded at station 8. There was a significant difference between concentration of Al and the correspondent mean crust. Conclusion: The contamination factor (CF), degree of contamination (Cd), modified degree of contamination (mcd) and Pollution load index (PLI) revealed overall low values for metals. The average TPH concentration in the study area was 42 mg/kg indicating that the region could be slightly polluted. Cluster analysis was indicative of oil origin for Ni and Cr. Manuscript profile
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        45 - Concentration of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Coastal Sediment of Bushehr
        Alireza Safahieh Masoomeh Mahmoodi
        Introduction: The coastal environment of Bushehr is supposed to be affected by polycyclic aromatichydrocarbons (PAHs) and oil pollution. Despite carcinogenic characteristics of PAH compounds toliving organisms and human beings, the available information concerning PAHs More
        Introduction: The coastal environment of Bushehr is supposed to be affected by polycyclic aromatichydrocarbons (PAHs) and oil pollution. Despite carcinogenic characteristics of PAH compounds toliving organisms and human beings, the available information concerning PAHs contamination inBushehr is not sufficient. This study was carried out to investigate concentration and distribution ofPAH compounds based on number of rings in their structure, in the coastal sediment of Bushehr.Material and methods: Samples were collected from five different stations along intertidal zone ofthe shoreline. The samples were digested; their PAHs contents were extracted and analyzed usingHigh Performance Liquid Chromatograph (HPLC).Results: Results showed that the total PAHs (tPAHs) concentration in stations Rafael, Sheghab,Abshirinkon, Lian and Helyleh were 844.95, 3078.42, 4790.32, 2988.06 and 2430.62 ng g-1(dw)respectively. A significant difference was observed between tPAHs concentrations in differentstations.The maximum tPAHs concentration was measured in station Rafael, while its minimum level wasobserved in Abshirinkon. Based on the number of the rings in the molecules, the PAHs composition indifferent stations varied significantly (P<0.05).Conclusion: Compared to previous studies from other locations of the world, PAHs contamination inthe Bushehr coastal sediment was evaluated as moderate to severe. The major part of contaminationwas comprised by High molecular weight PAHs with 5 or 6 rings while 2, 3 and 4 rings compoundshad less contribution. Since the adverse and carcinogenic effects of high molecular weight compoundsare more severe in aquatic organisms and because its continuous anthropogenic discharges in Bushehr,regular monitoring of PAHs in the area is necessary. Manuscript profile
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        46 - Geo-Environmental Assessment of Oil Contaminated Distribution in Coastal Sediments (Bushehr Province)
        Majid Tajik Mashalah Khamehchiyan Amir Hossin Charkhabi
        Study of available reports and maps indicates that Bushehr province is oil contaminated area becauseit is adjacent to Persian Gulf. Then assessment of pollution distribution in coastal line is the goal ofthis paper. Fourteen hypothetical transects used for site investig More
        Study of available reports and maps indicates that Bushehr province is oil contaminated area becauseit is adjacent to Persian Gulf. Then assessment of pollution distribution in coastal line is the goal ofthis paper. Fourteen hypothetical transects used for site investigation of contaminated areas in thisresearch which they are in tidal area and perpendicular to coast line. Their length is depending onregional tide and elevation of coasts.Sample analysis with High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) method shows slight oilcontamination with Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons (TPH) in the study area. However, TPH quantity isless than 400 ppb for most soil samples. The results show that the pollution distribution isn't similar indifferent coastal sediment. Soil samples from deeper depth and nearer to coast line are morecontaminated. Manuscript profile
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        47 - Estimation of Suspended Sediments Using Remote Sensing Technique Sensor in North-West Coasts of Persian Gulf
        Heeva Elmizadeh Khosro Fazelpour
        10.22034/jest.2018.12463
        Abstract Background and Objective: This paper aims to estimate suspended sediment using Remote Sensing Technique in the North-west coasts of the Persian Gulf, the two indices which have been used are SS and TSS. Data used in this study are collected from MODIS sensor d More
        Abstract Background and Objective: This paper aims to estimate suspended sediment using Remote Sensing Technique in the North-west coasts of the Persian Gulf, the two indices which have been used are SS and TSS. Data used in this study are collected from MODIS sensor data through Aqua satellite. Method: Several different algorithms are used for creating these images and they are used to detect and determine Suspended Sediments. In this regard, by introducing the variables required to extract data, Radiometric and atmospheric correction coding is based on MATLAB programming, Finally, entering the matrix file and apply filters ArcGIS software is proportional to its level in the final maps and points of view have been achieved. Findings: In general, RMSE results illustrate that using combinational regression method and employing satellite imagery with 500-meter bands and reaching a higher coefficient of determination (=0.82) and also the lowest RMSE (RMSE=0.88 mg/L) and 250 and 500-meter bands is more suitable for designing SS maps in Persian Gulf. Discussion and Conclusion: These results indicate a very high linear relationship between dependent variable (TSS and SS field data) and data from 1 to 7 bands and sensor angle (depending on the used algorithm and model) are considered as independent variables and it was observed that there is a significant relationship between field data and extracted data from satellite imagery. All these results indicate the potential of remote sensing technique for sensing and considering marine parameters. Manuscript profile
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        48 - Biomonitoring of Heavy Metals using Phragmites australis in Hashilan Wetland, Kermanshah
        Smar Mortazavi Jamal Rahmani Atefeh Chamani
        10.22034/jest.2017.11625
        Background and Objective: One of the most important methods to investigate heavy metals is to apply bio-monitors used as an appropriate index to express the environment quality. In this study, the concentrations of such heavy metals as Zn, Pb and Cu in the underground a More
        Background and Objective: One of the most important methods to investigate heavy metals is to apply bio-monitors used as an appropriate index to express the environment quality. In this study, the concentrations of such heavy metals as Zn, Pb and Cu in the underground and aerial organs of Phragmites australis were investigated to study the pollution status in Hashilan Pond, Kermanshah and the effects of dominant species called Phragmites australis in the region. Method: The samples were prepared by nitric acid, perchloric acid and peroxide oxygen and afterwards, the concentrations of elements were measured by the atomic absorption spectrometry. Findings: Results demonstrated that the concentrations of copper, lead and zinc were estimated at 47.23, 6.17 and 24.21 in the sediments, respectively. Also, the mean concentrations of copper, lead and zinc were 2.738-2.190, 15.143-13.02 and 6.11-6.37 mg-1in the underground and aerial organs, respectively; furthermore, the highest metal concentration was related to the underground organs of plant. High values of transfer index concerning zinc indicated high ability of zinc transfer in the plant. In this regard, a positive significant correlation exists between the concentration of zinc in the underground and aerial organs; Discussion and Counclusion: Therefore, the underground organs of reed are introduced as a suitable monitor for the resultant pollution of zinc in the regional sediments. Manuscript profile
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        49 - Sediment Yield Estimation Due to Forest Road Network Using SEDMDEL and GIS
        Zakaria Asadollahi Saleh Yosefi Majid Mohammady
        Background and Objective: Forest roads are important components of forest management units and involving special roles in wood transporting and the other forest uses such as hunting, tourism, etc. One of the most important problems due to forest roads developing is incr More
        Background and Objective: Forest roads are important components of forest management units and involving special roles in wood transporting and the other forest uses such as hunting, tourism, etc. One of the most important problems due to forest roads developing is increasing erosion of different forms of soils around roads, sediment yield resulting of vegetation destroy, ruining of soil structure, increasing run off velocity and instability of slope. Method: In this research, sediment due to existence forest roads was estimated in a part of Experimental Forest Station of Tarbiat Modares University using of SEDMODEL and GIS. In this model effective factors consist of geology, road, slope, precipitation, vegetation cover and drainage network. Findings: Created erosion resulting of this road network was estimated about 1576.4 ton/year without considering SEDMODEL. This amount was estimated about 140.7 ton/year with considering SEDMODEL on basis distance of waterway. Discussion and Conclusion: Results showed that the share of roads sediment yield is about 1.33 percent of watershed exit, but roads includes 0.017 percent of watershed areas. Paying attention to the covered areas by roads in watershed, the amounts of sediment yield is 78 equal of sediment yield average in watershed area. Manuscript profile
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        50 - Corrosion and Scaling Analysis of Groundwater Resources of Hamedan Bahar Aquifer
        Hamid Zare Abyaneh Sayyedeh Elham Abdolsalehi Azade Kazemi
        Water corrosion and scaling are one of the problems in qualitative management and directing of water distribution system. Rizener and Langelier Indices were used based on the chemical equilibrium between salts in the water to determinate level of corrosion and scaling H More
        Water corrosion and scaling are one of the problems in qualitative management and directing of water distribution system. Rizener and Langelier Indices were used based on the chemical equilibrium between salts in the water to determinate level of corrosion and scaling Hamedan-Bahar groundwater resources. Results showed according to Langelier Index, amounts of corrosion and scaling for       64.25 % of ground water samples were low. Also based on Rizener index 85.2% of water samples had low potential of corrosion and scaling. Corrosion and scaling Qantas water resource were lower than underground water of wells. It might be due to removing of some soluble salts caused by cutting some part of water channel. Piper curve also showed that groundwater resources contain: calcite bicarbonate (70%), Sedic bicarbonate (15%), calcite sulfate (3%), Magnesium bicarbonate (6%), sedic sulfate (3%) and calcite chlorite (3%). Chemical composition of water showed scaling problem due to calcite bicarbonate, Sedic bicarbonate and variation in environment temperature. Physicochemical reactions of existed ions in the water with pipes can cause a weak corrosion for sediment which in turn plays a washing role. Overall results indicated that however, Hamedan-Bahar groundwater resources have low-medium corrosion and scaling potential, scaling in the distribution network is higher which causes reduction in the cross area and therefore head losses. So considering economic wastes, scaling in the network should be prevented as much as possible. Manuscript profile
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        51 - Influence the amount of total organic matter (TOM)and Grain sediment on dispersal of Macrobenthic community in Western Haffar river in khoramshahr.
        Zeynab Gholami Seyed Mohammad Bagher Nabavi
        Introduction: khoramshahr is located 128 kilometers far from Ahwaz and in southwestern ofkhouzestan. Karoon River before reaching the Persian Gulf, in khoramshahr Divided in to twobranches Bahmanshyr and Hafar. In to the importance of Hafar River Hydrology situation tha More
        Introduction: khoramshahr is located 128 kilometers far from Ahwaz and in southwestern ofkhouzestan. Karoon River before reaching the Persian Gulf, in khoramshahr Divided in to twobranches Bahmanshyr and Hafar. In to the importance of Hafar River Hydrology situation that freshwater and salt water are important Macrobenthic it will.Method: In this study selected 10 stations within the study scope. Sampling Started on March 2008and ended on September of 2009. Samples by Van Vienn Grab sampler (0.025 m2) in both warm andcold season and once in each season was done. To the 3 samples from each station to identify benthicsediment and one sample for Grain sediment Analysis (GSA) and Total organic materials (Tom) wereharvested. Physicochemical parameters of the DO, salinity, PH and temperature were analyzed.Results: Macrobenthic between groups identified the most abundant Insect group and sex Nereis sp.Identified Macrobenthic groups consist of Polychaete 65.19%, Gastropoda 29.65%, Bivalvia 4.97%and Insecta 0.18% respectively. In stations that the amount of material dissolved was high,macrobenthics was significantly redused. In station 1(Soap factory) and residual tissues silt clay andsand was fine to their numbers. Most the benthic communities in the river downstream stations wereobserved in the amount of organic matter in sediments of these stations are less. In general, benthiccommunities were more in sandy sediment with low organic matter. Manuscript profile
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        52 - Study of Organ Chlorine Pesticides Concentration in Sediments of Southern of the Caspian Sea
        Mehrzad keshavarz fard Ali Mashynchyan Moradi Seyed Mohammad Reza Fatemi Abas Esmaili Sari
        Organ chlorine pesticides are very important due to carcinogenic and delayed toxic function and their effect on nervous system offish and human. In this project concentrations of organ chlorine pesticides including Lindane, Heptachlor, Dieldrin, Aldrin and DDT was mea More
        Organ chlorine pesticides are very important due to carcinogenic and delayed toxic function and their effect on nervous system offish and human. In this project concentrations of organ chlorine pesticides including Lindane, Heptachlor, Dieldrin, Aldrin and DDT was measured in sediments of southern coasts of Caspian Sea from Astara, Hashtpar, Bandare Anzali, Kiashahr, Ramsar, Chalous, Noor, Feraidoun Kenar, Khazarabade Sari and Bandare Turkman stations. After sampling from above mentioned stations, they have been extracted, separated, condensed and then have been analyzed by GC system an equipped with electron capture detector. In sampled sediments, Heptachlor with an average of 0.493 mg/kg on wet weight concentration and Aldrin with an average ofO.OOl mg/kg on wet weight concentration have the highest and lowest concentrations, respectively. The order of these pesticides according to average of concentrations, are as follow: Heptachlor > DDT > Dieldrin > Lindane > Aldrin. Manuscript profile
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        53 - Effect of Current Induced by Density Cahnges on Performance of Sedimentation Tanks and Proposing Solutions to Eliminate its Negative Impacts
        Seyed Mostafa Khezri Faranak Mirfattah
        Abstract Background and Objective: The objective of this study is to evaluate the disadvantages of density in sedimentation tanks and suggest sollutions to eliminate those disadvantages. Method: In this study, a 1:20–scale rectangular sedimentation tank, with thic More
        Abstract Background and Objective: The objective of this study is to evaluate the disadvantages of density in sedimentation tanks and suggest sollutions to eliminate those disadvantages. Method: In this study, a 1:20–scale rectangular sedimentation tank, with thickness of 10 mm, was used as a pilot. The pilot was made up of plexiglass according to the Frod model. Three draw_offs in the bottom of the tank, two withdraw baffles, one intermediate baffle, one inlet baffle and effluent weir configurations were used in the experiments. Turbulence was formed by density of current and then lighter suspended solids went toward effluent weir. Results: The turbulence cused by currents lead to increase of suspended solids at effluent and decrease of the sedimentation tank efficiency. The proposed sollution for prohibition of those disadvantages is the use of baffles in different positions. Conclusion: The results indicated increases of 20% for using intermediate baffle and 23% for using withdrawal baffles within 2.2-6.8 °C temperature difference between entering current and sedimentation tank contests with suspended solid concentrations of 100- 300 mg/lit.  Manuscript profile
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        54 - Heavy Metals (Ni, Pb, Cd, & Cu) Concentrations in Barbus grypus and Sediments from Arvand River
        Neda Kheirvar Ali Dadolahi Sohrab
        This assessment of heavy metals contamination was made in Arvand River based on fish (Barbus grypus) and sediments which were collected during 2007 in two seasons (winter and spring). In total, 64 fish samples were taken from 4 sites and experiments were carried out on More
        This assessment of heavy metals contamination was made in Arvand River based on fish (Barbus grypus) and sediments which were collected during 2007 in two seasons (winter and spring). In total, 64 fish samples were taken from 4 sites and experiments were carried out on two kinds of fish tissues (muscle and gill). In order to digest fish tissues, Nitric Acid was used and for sedimentations, mixture of Nitric Acid and HCl was used and concentration of metals was determined by aspiring the samples into an Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS). During this study, metals concentrations showed 0.77, 16.42, 2.83 and 2.98 µ g g-1 dry wt in muscle tissue and 1.52, 9.03, 2.79 and 6.97 µ g g-1 dry wt in gill tissue and 47.09, 47.07, 7.55 and 25.21 µ g g-1 dry wt in sediments to Ni, Pb, Cd, and Cu, respectively. Manuscript profile
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        55 - Pond Designing Optimization Using Multi-ObjectiveAnt Colony Algorithm and SWAT Model
        Abbas Afshar Mohammad Javad Emami Skardi Farzin Jeirani
        Non-point source management has an imperative role in water resource management.  One of the most effective structures in the field of non-point source management is wet detention pond. However, generating the cost-effective pond configurations that satisfy system- More
        Non-point source management has an imperative role in water resource management.  One of the most effective structures in the field of non-point source management is wet detention pond. However, generating the cost-effective pond configurations that satisfy system-wide aims for total target sediment removal will be much more effective and efficient; but most of these structures are designed individually. In order to generate the cost-effective pond configurations, coupling the optimization algorithm with hydrologic simulation model is one of the best applied methods.  Materials and Method In this paper, an optimization-simulation model is presented for generating a cost-effective pond configuration in the watersheds.  Obviously, more and larger ponds can catch more total suspended solids (TSS) from the watershed, but this will consequently lead to the increase of the cost of pond constructing.  Multi-objective ant colony optimization algorithm is applied for determining a Pareto front between two opposing goals namely the loading TSS from the watershed and related cost of the pond designing.  Result and Discussion The Pareto front can be used by the watershed authorities for a better controlling of the loading sediment from the watershed.  The applicability of the model is studied in a watershed in the west of Iran. Manuscript profile
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        56 - Identification of cadmium resistant bacteria and evaluation of their resistance spectrum during quarterly monitoring on the Kor River
        Sedigheh Abolahrar Farshid Kafilzadeh Mohammad Kargar
        Introduction: Kor River is a valuable ecologic area and source of water for the Bakhtegan Lake in Fars province, Iran. This river has been contaminated with various waste pollutants including agricultural, industrial, urban and rural. Cadmium is one of the common hazard More
        Introduction: Kor River is a valuable ecologic area and source of water for the Bakhtegan Lake in Fars province, Iran. This river has been contaminated with various waste pollutants including agricultural, industrial, urban and rural. Cadmium is one of the common hazardous heavy metals entering the natural environments.  This study mainly aimed at isolation and identification of the cadmium resistant bacteria, determining the resistance spectrum and investing the growth of opted bacteria against Cd. Additionally, physic-chemical and biological factors have been monitored quarterly. Materials and Methods: Samples were taken from five different stations at Dorudzan dam downstream to the mouth of the river to the Bakhtegan Lake since these areas are believed to contain more contaminants. Two sets of water and sediments samples were taken simultaneously to measure physic-chemical and biological factors and detection of cadmium resistant bacteria. More resistant bacteria were screening through MIC and MBC. Tow opted (G+ and G-) bacteria were studied in batch culture at three different containing harsh conditions by growth kinetic curve.  Results: The presence of cadmium was found to be more dominant in sediments than the water. Serratia marcescens MT015 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ET017 showed maximum cadmium resistance up to six mille molar. P.aeruginosa ET017 and Bacillus OA017 represented proper growth in the harsh conditions. Discussion and Conclusion: The Kor River is a significant ecological area in Fars province, Iran where annual monitoring seems essential. Some indigenous bacteria in this river have represented high ability of cadmium resistance which enabling them to be exploited as valuable agents for                  bio-remediation in bio-filters and "in-situ" form for cadmium contaminated environments. No need of genetically manipulation and wide spectrum of study upon physicochemical, biological and bacterial assessing are advantages of our research. In compare to recent researches, our presented strains demonstrated more resistance to cadmium. Manuscript profile
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        57 - Determination of heavy metals bonding in various sedimentary phases in Behshahr River and Abbas Abad dam
        Fatemeh zarghami Aida Biati Abdolreza Karbassi
        10.22034/jest.2017.11302
        Background and Objective: In this study, the sediments from Abbas Abad dam and two rivers entering into it and a tributary river are chemically analyzed to determine the concentration of heavy metals along with iron and calcium and their origin. The pollution intensity More
        Background and Objective: In this study, the sediments from Abbas Abad dam and two rivers entering into it and a tributary river are chemically analyzed to determine the concentration of heavy metals along with iron and calcium and their origin. The pollution intensity of river was also computed. Method: Sampling was carried out at 6 stations along the river in September 2013. In the first step, the bulk concentrations of Iron, Calcium, Magnesium, Zinc, Copper, Nickel, and Cadmium were determined. Subsequently, a 5 steps chemical partitioning technique was used to identify the association of metals with different sedimentary phases. Findings: Majority of the studied metals have lithogenic sources while a significant portion of Cd is originated from anthropogenic sources. The result of chemical partitioning studies is well in accordance with the pollution intensity computations. Cluster analysis dendrogram reveals that the source for Zinc, Copper, and Nickel is oil, for Iron might be lithogenous, for calcium is biogenetic and for Cadmium and magnesium is unknown. The pollution intensity has been presented by various indices such as EF, Ipoll and Igeo. The two indices, namely IPOll and Igeo, are indicative of a non-polluted environment for all elements except for Cadmium with low pollution. The results of these two indices are in accordance with chemical partitioning studies. The results of the present study show that application of EF in determination of pollution intensity is limited. Conclusion: Considering the total concentration and its comparison with other indices, the study area is not polluted and only an insignificant contamination with Cd is noticed.   Manuscript profile
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        58 - Assessment of salinity and corrosion potential of Sari groundwater with emphasis for using in industry, agriculture and urban
        Saeed Ehsani Majid Salehpour Hamid Ehsani Ardakani Poyan Abbasi
        Assessment of Sari area groundwater can determine the qualification of water and performance of thisfor different use such as industrial, urban and agriculture. There are similar researches in different areaof Iran country for this topic. With study 20 different samplin More
        Assessment of Sari area groundwater can determine the qualification of water and performance of thisfor different use such as industrial, urban and agriculture. There are similar researches in different areaof Iran country for this topic. With study 20 different sampling point of groundwater source for thisresearch are and chemical and physical test result, the sodium absorption ratio determined and salinitydispersion map was drawn. After that with using indexes LSI and RSI corrosion and sedimentationwas examined. with calculating SAR, was shown the bad quality of groundwater resource foragriculture and in rating perch in salinity and very salinity. Also with drawing of salinity dispersionmap the critical area was shown. In assessment of LSI and RSI specified that all results of LSI aresediment property. As well as sedimentation dispersion map was shown that, there are maximum ofsediment in center of study area. The sampling water of research area is with high level of SAR andsalinity. Also high sediment can do bad effect on agriculture, industry and human health. Decrease ofusing resource and use phosphate composite can decrease the effects. Manuscript profile
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        59 - Survey on Environmental Effects of Zayandeh Rood River’s Dam
        Mehran shabanKary Amir hossein Halbian
        Manuscript profile
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        60 - Facies, sedimentary environments and sequence stratigraphy of Cretaceous deposits in the northwest of Azerbaijan, Iran
        Rahim Mahari Rahim Shabanian Farahnaz Reihani Hamideh Shetabifard Somaieh Sadigh Janbahan
        10.30495/ijes.2019.665315
        Manuscript profile
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        61 - Separation of geochemical anomalies by concentration-area and concentration-number methods in the Saqez 1:100,000 sheet, Kurdistan
        Fatemeh Zadmehr Seyed Vahid Shahrokhi
        10.30495/ijes.2019.665317
        Manuscript profile
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        62 - Facies analysis, depositional environment and sequence stratigraphy of the Permian Ruteh Formation in north of Mahabad (NW Iran)
        Youssef Mohammadi Moghaddas Rahim Mahari Rahim Shabanian Adel Najafzadeh
        10.30495/ijes.2021.685398
        Manuscript profile
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        63 - Evaluation and assessment of water and surficial sediments quality in Kebir-Rhumel Wadi, NE Algeria
        Fouzia Hizir Abderrezak Krika Farès Kessasra Fouad Krika
        10.30495/ijes.2022.1951927.1720
        Manuscript profile
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        64 - Geochemistry and potential of toxic elements in sediments originating from salt domes, north of Hormuz strait (Pol, Gachin, Angouran and Hormuz)
        Tooba Jalali Nezhad Hamid Reza Masoumi Mohammadsadegh Dehghanian Jamal Tarrah
        10.30495/ijes.2022.1937411.1640
        Manuscript profile
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        65 - Geochemical and Sedimentary Changes of the Mighan Playa in Arak, Iran
        Feridon Ghadimi Mohammad Ghomi
        The Mighan Playa is the largest playa in Markazi Province. Sedimentary and soil structures show that during all phases the playa was ephemeral. The duration and frequency of flooding varied causing variations in the relative amounts of accumulation, and soil formation. More
        The Mighan Playa is the largest playa in Markazi Province. Sedimentary and soil structures show that during all phases the playa was ephemeral. The duration and frequency of flooding varied causing variations in the relative amounts of accumulation, and soil formation. The clastic fraction of the playa sediment consists of quartz, mica and chlorite while the non-clastic evaporite fraction is dominated by gypsum, calcite, glauberite, thenardite and halite. Using the principle of chemical divides, such variations in mineralogy have been explained in terms of a change in brine chemistry from Na-Ca-Mg-SO4-Cl to Na-SO4-Cl type. It is also suggested that at an earlier stage, Mighan playa brine underwent evaporation under the conditions of Ca>alkalinity whereas in more recent times, the evaporite mineralogy has developed with alkalinity>Ca. The shallow depth cores are divided into distinct geochemical units based on elemental ratios. Units I and III reflect high chemical weathering whereas the middle unit, II, indicates relatively low weathering and enrichment in evaporates Manuscript profile
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        66 - A New Hydrological Method for Estimating the River Bed and Drainage Basin Components of Erosion and Suspended Sediment Fluxes in River Basins
        A.V. Gusarov
        This paper uses the results of river suspended sediment flux (SSF) analysis to propose a new hydrological method for quantitatively estimating the river bed and drainage basin (sheet erosion, rill and gully erosion) components of total erosion intensity in river basins. More
        This paper uses the results of river suspended sediment flux (SSF) analysis to propose a new hydrological method for quantitatively estimating the river bed and drainage basin (sheet erosion, rill and gully erosion) components of total erosion intensity in river basins. The suggested method is based on the establishment of the functional power connection between mean monthly water discharges (WD, Q i ) and suspended sediment fluxes (r i ) calculated for the low-water-discharge phases of a river’s hydrological regime in various (on mean annual water discharges) years: r i = a×Q i (where a, ì are some empirical coefficients), and further extrapolation of this connection for other phases of the hydrological regime. Thus, the extrapolation allows us to calculate (in a long-term annual SSF) the proportions of sediments originating in river beds and drainage basins. The proposed method is tested using a long-term (not less than 10 years) series of observations for WD and SSF of 124 chiefly small and midsize rivers of the East-European plain, the Urals, the Eastern Carpathians, the Ciscaucasia and the Caucasus, and Central Asian mountains, containing data on the mean monthly values of WD and SSF. The paper also compares the method with other methods for estimating the components of erosion intensity and SSF.. Manuscript profile
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        67 - New Approach for Estimation of Natural and Anthropogenic Components in the Recent Tendencies of Erosion Intensity and Suspended Sediment Yield Changes in River Basins
        A.V. Gusarov
        The offered approach is based on the establishment of the functional dependence between river water discharge (Q) and suspended ms ,in a number of observations, which noticeably differs from the mean value (R) of subsequent allocated period(s). The earliest period anthr More
        The offered approach is based on the establishment of the functional dependence between river water discharge (Q) and suspended ms ,in a number of observations, which noticeably differs from the mean value (R) of subsequent allocated period(s). The earliest period anthropogenic component during the subsequent period(s) is the difference between an actual suspended sediment yield and its hypothetical value, which is connected only with changes of natural (mainly, hydro-climatical) factors without any anthropogenic changes of geographical (erosive) conditions in a river basin. This hydro-climatical component is calculated by extrapolation of an me for subsequent period(s). Approbation of the offered approach is made on the examples of some rivers (Zapadny Bug (Ukraine), Magdalena (Colombia), Bei-Nan (Taiwan, China), Sanchuanhe (China) and Indus (India, Pakistan, China). Manuscript profile
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        68 - Sedimentary structures and depositional environment of the Ashin Formation in Nakhlak area, Central Iran
        S. H. Vaziri
        Middle to Upper Triassic (Upper Ladinian to Lower Carnian) deep-sea sedimentary rocks crop out across a large area west of Nakhlak village, Central Iran and have been named Ashin Formation. The up to 304m thick, turbiditic, siliciclastic Ashin Formation consists of alte More
        Middle to Upper Triassic (Upper Ladinian to Lower Carnian) deep-sea sedimentary rocks crop out across a large area west of Nakhlak village, Central Iran and have been named Ashin Formation. The up to 304m thick, turbiditic, siliciclastic Ashin Formation consists of alternating turbiditic, thin- and medium-bedded calcareous sandstones, purple, fine-grained volcaniclastic sandstones, and mostly green and violet, very thin-bedded volcaniclastic shales that can be subdivided into three members. Ammonoids collected from members 1 and 3 of the Ashin Formation indicate a Late Ladinian to Early Carnian age for the formation. These alternations fine upwards and exhibit sedimentary structures such as graded bedding, parallel lamination (with parting lineation) convolute bedding, small-scale cross-bedding, load casts, groove casts, prod casts, flute casts, bounce casts, chevron casts, brush casts and chips and protraction traces indicating A to E parts of the Bouma cycle. Septarian nodules occur repeatedly. The lower surfaces of sandstones contain abundant trace fossils belong to the deep-sea Nereites ichnofacies. Numerous signs of strong current activity such as groove casts, flute casts and prod marks associated with trace fossils such as Paleodictyon, Protopaleodictyon, Megagrapton and Lorenzinia indicate that the Ashin Formation represents a deep marine environment. The field and petrographic studies show that the Ashin Formation was deposited in distal parts of submarine fans, on the abyssal plain. Manuscript profile
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        69 - Mineralogy and Geochemistry Studies of the Sorkheh Sediment-hosted Stratiform Copper (SSC) Deposit, NW Iran
        Shohreh Hassanpour Saeedeh Senemari
        Ore-stage sulfides are zoned vertically and obliquely through the mineralized zones, from cupriferous sulfides at low stratigraphic levels to copper-rich mineralization above, with unreplaced pyrite remaining within the upper Miocene. The zoned sulfides and their replac More
        Ore-stage sulfides are zoned vertically and obliquely through the mineralized zones, from cupriferous sulfides at low stratigraphic levels to copper-rich mineralization above, with unreplaced pyrite remaining within the upper Miocene. The zoned sulfides and their replacement textures, configuration of the mineralized zones, and the position of ore stage mineralization adjacent to a stratigraphically defined redox transition from red beds upward into graybeds indicate an overprint of copper (and accompanying ore-stage metals) on originally pyritic gray beds. The influx of ore-stage metals, presumably in an oxidized low-temperature brine, terminated with a silicification event that effectively sealed the host sandstones. Consequently, these observations and the overall genetic interpretation are consistent with the general deposit-scale genetic model for early diagenetic SSC mineralization. The regional geologic context is also consistent with its classification as a SSC deposit and is hosted by sediments that were formed in association with evaporates at a low latitude in a Sabkha environment. Source of Sorkheh deposition has been indicated as a sedimentary arid type. Sandstones of the Sorkheh area tectonic settings are obtained in a passive continental margin. Manuscript profile
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        70 - Separation of Geochemical Anomalies Using Factor Analysis and Concentration-Number (C-N) Fractal Modeling Based on Stream Sediments Data in Esfordi 1:100000 Sheet, Central Iran
        Peyman Afzal Afshar Zia Zarifi Behnam Sadeghi
        The aim of this study is separation of Fe2O3, TiO2 and V2O5 anomalies in Esfordi 1:100,000 sheet which is located in Bafq district, Central Iran. The analyzed elements of stream sediment samples taken in the area can be classified into 5 groups (factors) by factor analy More
        The aim of this study is separation of Fe2O3, TiO2 and V2O5 anomalies in Esfordi 1:100,000 sheet which is located in Bafq district, Central Iran. The analyzed elements of stream sediment samples taken in the area can be classified into 5 groups (factors) by factor analysis. The Concentration–Number (C-N) fractal model was used for delineation of the Fe2O3, TiO2 and V2O5 thresholds. According to the thresholds, the distribution of elemental concentration for Fe2O3 and TiO2 were divided to four lassifications and V2O5 has five geochemical populations in the area. Based on correlation between obtained results with geological and remote sensing data, the results show that the major anomalies of Fe2O3, TiO2 and V2O5 and related factor are mostly situated around granitic/rhyolitic rocks, iron alterations and along faults. Manuscript profile
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        71 - Evaluation of the Paleocene-Eocene deposits, Jahrum Formation, base on 2-D seismic data, Central Persian Gulf
        Naser Abdi Hossain Rahimpour-Bonab Sayyed Reza Moussavi-Harami Iraj Abdollahi Fard Davood Jahani Ali Chehrazi
        The Persian Gulf is part of an asymmetric foreland basin related to the Zagros Orogen. It has been episodically flooded for much of its history which are reflected in sedimentary successions. The evaluation of this succession from depositional trend view, in central Per More
        The Persian Gulf is part of an asymmetric foreland basin related to the Zagros Orogen. It has been episodically flooded for much of its history which are reflected in sedimentary successions. The evaluation of this succession from depositional trend view, in central Persian Gulf during Paleocene-Eocene, is the aim of this article. The sedimentary rocks physical characteristics effects on seismic data, gives an appearance to the data, which can be a key factor for their evaluation. The reflectors geometry and terminations have been used for their interpretation. The current study the uses seismic data beside drilling wells data, including cutting description and logs. The study result shows progradation toward northeast, the direction in which the accommodation space is increasing. The sedimentary environments changes to lagoon, platform and basin which affect the deposits. These environments demonstrate suitable condition for carbonates and evaporites precipitation, in Jahrum Formation, which are approved by cutting ription. The sediments extension and its trend show high thickness of Paleocene-Eocene deposits in north west of the study area, where the basin is deeper. In some intervals the thickness of sediments is decreased in deep basin, due to sediment starvation. Manuscript profile
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        72 - Geochemistry, Paleoclimatology and paleogeography of the Northeast Region of the Persian Gulf( Case Study from outhern Hormuzgan, Iran)
        Mojtaba Taghizade Khosro Khosrotehrani Razieh Lak Seyed Ali Aghanabati Hamidreza Peyrowan
        The Wisconsin glaciation was started a approximately 125,000 years ago and reached its lowest extend between 20,000 to 21,000 years ago during which the sea level fell 120 to 130 meter. At the end of the ice age, about 18,000 years ago, the sea level increased and reach More
        The Wisconsin glaciation was started a approximately 125,000 years ago and reached its lowest extend between 20,000 to 21,000 years ago during which the sea level fell 120 to 130 meter. At the end of the ice age, about 18,000 years ago, the sea level increased and reached its present level about 5,000 years ago. The Persian Gulf was exposed in the last glacial moment (LGM). After this moment, the sea level prograted toward the Persian Gulf Basin and reached 1 to 3 meters higher than present levels 4,000 to 6,000 years ago. This study was focused on paleoecology, sedimentation and sea level changes in the northeastern portion of the Persian Gulf and shallow marine area in southern Hormuzgan, Iran near the ports of Bandar Abbas and Shahid Rajaee. Hormuzgan Province is located to the north of Strait of Hormuz. In this study, a core with a length of 10 meters was taken from late Holocene sediments in the northeast marine region of the Persian Gulf using a rotary drilling system. Then different sedimentary types were studied and separated and samples were sent for ICP and XRD elementary analysis and dating. As is already known, increasing and decrease of sea levels are related to moist weather and arid conditions respectively. Additionally, it is proved that variation of elements such as Al, Cr, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Ti, and Zn have a direct relation to sea level changes. It is shown that the variations of Sr and Ca having a reverse relation to sea level changes. Geochemical study and dating on sediments shows that although the sea level rose 10,000 years ago in the studied region, 3,700 to 6,800 and 7,900 to 9,300 years ago, the sea level and rate of precipitation in this area was higher than the mean. This illustrates an increase in rain and humidity during these two periods Manuscript profile
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        73 - Estimation of erosion and sediment yield of Ekbatan Dam drainage basin with EPM, using GIS
        S. Amini B. Rafiei S. Khodabakhsh M. Heydari
        Soil conservation and control of erosion is a basic problem in all countries. The goal of this research is to estimate erosion and sediment yield in Ekbatan Dam drainage basin by Erosion Potential Method (EPM), using Geographic Information System (GIS). The basin is loc More
        Soil conservation and control of erosion is a basic problem in all countries. The goal of this research is to estimate erosion and sediment yield in Ekbatan Dam drainage basin by Erosion Potential Method (EPM), using Geographic Information System (GIS). The basin is located in Hamedan Province, west of Iran, in a cold and semi- arid region, with an average annual rainfall of 334mm. The study area is about 218 km2 and is divided into 8 sub- basins. Sub- basins 1 and 6 are the largest (49.14 km2), and smallest (9.92km2), respectively. Elevation ranges between 1960 to 3580 m. The litho-units include schist, granite, hornfels, limestone, sandstone, (Pre- Jurassic to Neogene in age), conglomerate, and recent alluvium. Most sediment in the basin is generated from erosion of schist. The main factors in the EPM (slope average percent, erosion, rock and soil erosion and land- use) were evaluated using GIS software. Data layers used in this study were created from topographic, homorain, homotemp, geology, lithology maps, landsat TM digital images, and field observations. According to calculated results, the coefficient of erosion and sediment yield (z) for this basin fall into moderate and heavy erosion classes. For avoiding soil erosion in this basin, therefore, soil conservation operations should be performed. Manuscript profile
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        74 - بررسی شرایط غیر رسوب‌گذار در سیفون معکوس کرخه با استفاده از مدل فیزیکی
        حسین خزیمه نژاد محمود شفاعی بجستان
           نهشته ­شدن رسوب در سازه‌های انتقال آب، از قبیل سیفون­های معکوس، باعث کاهش سطح مقطع جریان و نیز افزایش زبری میشود که درنتیجه، کاهش آب­دهی سازه را به دنبال خواهد داشت. از جمله روش­های جلوگیری از نهشته­شدن رسوب و یا خروج آنها، ایجاد شرایط غ More
           نهشته ­شدن رسوب در سازه‌های انتقال آب، از قبیل سیفون­های معکوس، باعث کاهش سطح مقطع جریان و نیز افزایش زبری میشود که درنتیجه، کاهش آب­دهی سازه را به دنبال خواهد داشت. از جمله روش­های جلوگیری از نهشته­شدن رسوب و یا خروج آنها، ایجاد شرایط غیر رسوب­گذار، در سازه می­باشد. با توجه به این­که بحرانی­ترین قسمت سیفون معکوس، از لحاظ نهشته­شدن رسوب، مجرای خروجی است، در تحقیق حاضر، ابتدا با استفاده از آنالیز ابعادی، یک رابطه­ی کلی، برای آستانه­ حرکت ایجاد شد که مرز شرایط غیررسوب­گذار، در مجرای خروجی سیفون معکوس کرخه می­باشد. سپس، با استفاده از یک مدل فیزیکی، از مجرای خروجی سیفون معکوس کرخه و نیز 5 نمونه رسوب غیر چسبنده با ابعاد  5/0، 7/0، 1، 2 و2/3 میلی­متر، آزمایش­های لازم انجام گرفت و در نتیجه یک گراف­ کاربردی، جهت بررسی شرایط غیر رسوب­گذار، در مجرای خروجی سیفون معکوس کرخه، استخراج گردید. با استفاده از این گراف و نیز منحنی توزیع دانه­بندی مواد معلق رودخانه کرخه، در محل سد انحرافی حمیدیه، حداقل سرعت غیر رسوب­گذار یا همان حداقل سرعت عدم ته­نشینی ذره­ای، به قطر 5/1 میلی­متر که بزرگ­ترین ذره رسوب ورودی به کانال بالادست سیفون معکوس کرخه از محل سد انحرافی حمیدیه می­باشد، تعیین گردید. نتایج تحقیق، حاکی از حاکم بودن شرایط غیر رسوب­گذار در سیفون­معکوس کرخه در دبی و سرعت طراحی می­باشد. Manuscript profile
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        75 - تعیین جریان غالب رودخانه دز
        علی عصاره عباس گوبانی
        در مسایل مورفودینامیکی و ساماندهی رودخانه، از جریان غالب رودخانه که شکل دهنده آبراهه است؛ به عنوان دبی طراحی در مسایلی چون احیاء رودخانه استفاده می­شود. داده­های دبی متوسط روزانه، حداکثر پیک سالانه، دبی رسوب، دبی- اشل و پروفیل مقطع عرضی رودخانه در ایستگاه موردنظ More
        در مسایل مورفودینامیکی و ساماندهی رودخانه، از جریان غالب رودخانه که شکل دهنده آبراهه است؛ به عنوان دبی طراحی در مسایلی چون احیاء رودخانه استفاده می­شود. داده­های دبی متوسط روزانه، حداکثر پیک سالانه، دبی رسوب، دبی- اشل و پروفیل مقطع عرضی رودخانه در ایستگاه موردنظر در بازه زمانی1400-1382 از امور آب استان خوزستان تهیه گردید. نتایج تحقیق نشان داد دبی موثر در رودخانه دز 246 مترمکعب بر ثانیه می­باشد. با توجه به اینکه مقدار توان رابطه دبی رسوب بزرگتر از یک به دست آمد؛ می­توان نتیجه گرفت که بار رسوب معلق رودخانه دز زیاد بوده و رودخانه از نوع ماسه­ای است. متوسط سالانه رسوب عبوری 48/344426 تن در سال و دبی عبوری رسوب از ایستگاه دزفول 92/10 کیلوگرم بر ثانیه به دست آمد. رقوم مقطع پر 11/9 متر از کف رودخانه و دبی مقطع پر 44/2709 متر مکعب بر ثانیه به دست آمد.  Manuscript profile
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        76 - بررسی تاثیر سازه کنترل رسوب آستانه بر میزان رسوب ورودی به کانال آبگیر جانبی با زوایای مختلف آبگیری
        آیدا مکوندی عبدالرسول تلوری محمود مشعل
        استفاده از آبگیر‌های جانبی یکی از روش‌های معمول در آبگیری از رودخانه‌ها می‌باشد. در نواحی خشک و نیمه خشک که جریان سیلاب حاوی رسوبات زیادی می‌باشد، بخشی از رسوبات همراه جریان وارد کانال آبگیر شده و در قسمت‌های مختلف کانال از جمله ورودی کانال آبگیر ترسیب می‌کند. رسوب گذار More
        استفاده از آبگیر‌های جانبی یکی از روش‌های معمول در آبگیری از رودخانه‌ها می‌باشد. در نواحی خشک و نیمه خشک که جریان سیلاب حاوی رسوبات زیادی می‌باشد، بخشی از رسوبات همراه جریان وارد کانال آبگیر شده و در قسمت‌های مختلف کانال از جمله ورودی کانال آبگیر ترسیب می‌کند. رسوب گذاری در این ناحیه ظرفیت انتقال کانال جانبی را کاهش می‌دهد و سبب انسداد دهانه آبگیر می گردد. روش‌های مختلفی برای کاهش رسوب ورودی به دهانه آبگیر وجود دارد که یکی از آنها توجه به زاویه کانال آبگیر با جهت جریان در کانال اصلی است و دیگری استفاده از سازه‌های کنترل رسوب مانند آستانه. در این تحقیق با استفاده از نرم افزار CCHE2D به شبیه سازی یک مطالعه آزمایشگاهی که قبلاً انجام شده است و مقایسه نتایج شبیه سازی با نتایج آزمایشگاهی موجود به عنوان نمونه، جهت بررسی کنترل رسوب در یک فلوم به طول تقریبی 17 متر و عرض 5/1 متر و عمق 7/0 متر پرداخته شده است. آبگیری به عرض ورودی 6/0 متر و با زاویه‌های 90، 75، 60 و 45 درجه نسبت به جهت جریان، متصل به فلوم می‌باشد. در ضمن مصالح بستر نیز ماسه با قطر متوسط یک میلی متر می‌باشد که به ضخامت 20 سانتی متر در بستر فلوم ریخته شده است. یک بار مدل را به صورت ساده و بار دیگر همراه با وجود آستانه ای به ارتفاع 5/3 سانتی متر و ضخامت 1 سانتی متر در ابتدای آبگیر جانبی شبیه سازی شده است. محدوده آزمایش‌ها به نحوی بوده که فقط حرکت بار بستر وجود داشته است. نتایج آزمایشات در فلوم آزمایشگاهی نشان داده بود که وجود آستانه سبب کاهش رسوب ورودی به کانال آبگیر  در حدود 30 درصد شده است و اجرای مدل مورد استفاده نیز در شرایط یکسان این درصد کاهش را در حدود 26 درصد برآورد نموده است که گویای قابلیت مدل CCHE2D در پیش بینی این موضوع می‌باشد. Manuscript profile
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        77 - شبیه‌سازی یک بعدی آبشویی رسوب در مخازن سدها
        روزبه آقامجیدی
        کنترل رسوبات در مخازن  سدها، یکی از موضوعات مهم در مدیریت مخازن سدها بوده و موجب افزایش تأثیر در جهت افزایش عمر مفیدآنها می‌کردد. مخازن سدها به عنوان یک مانع، باعث تله اندازی رسوب، با راندمان بالا شده واز انتقال رسوب به رودخانه پایین دست، جلو‌گیری می‌کند. افزایش مق More
        کنترل رسوبات در مخازن  سدها، یکی از موضوعات مهم در مدیریت مخازن سدها بوده و موجب افزایش تأثیر در جهت افزایش عمر مفیدآنها می‌کردد. مخازن سدها به عنوان یک مانع، باعث تله اندازی رسوب، با راندمان بالا شده واز انتقال رسوب به رودخانه پایین دست، جلو‌گیری می‌کند. افزایش مقدار رسوبات در مخزن، باعث کاهش عمر مفید سدها و نیز کاهش استفاده از آنها می‌گردد. برای تخلیه قسمتی از رسوبات مخزن، روش‌های مختلفی مورد مطالعه قرار می گیرد. آبشویی رسوب درمخزن سد، به علت استفاده از انرژی جریان آب و نیز عدم نیاز به منبع انرژی اضافی، (مانند لایروبی) در مخازن مختلف سراسر دنیا مورد استفاده قرار گرفته است و از اولین کزینه‌ها در مدیریت و بهره برداری از سدها و مخازن می باشد. دراین مقاله یک مدل ریاضی یک‌ بعدی با جریان یکنواخت، در مورد آبشویی رسوب در مخزن سد، مورد مطالعه قرار کرفته است.  این مدل با فرض داشتن پروفیل اولیه رسوب و نیز حل معادله پیوستگی رسوب و بر اساس  روش تفاضل‌های محدود تهیه شده است و توانایی محاسبه پروفیل رسوب با زمان را دارد. هم چنین مقدار حجم رسوبات شسته ‌شده و نیز حجم آب مخزن با گام‌های زمانی متفاوت در این مدل، محاسبه می‌گردد. این مدل برای داده‌های آزمایشگاهی و داده‌های واقعی مورد ارزیابی قرارگرفت. نتایج حاصل در مقایسه با مقادیر واقعی، در حد رضایت بخشی بود. لازم به ذکر است که هم گرایی حاصل از تکرار در مدل پس از 40 بار تکرار با خطای کمتر 0.00001روی داد. مقایسه نتایج این مدل با نتایج  مدل HEC-6، مزیت این مدل وضعف مدل HEC-6، را در پیش‌بینی پروفیل بستر فرسایش یافته در اثر ابشویی هیدرولیکی نشان می‌دهد. مدل HEC-6، معمولا جهت بررسی حرکت یک بعدی جریان رسوبات در مخازن و رودخانه‌ها، استفاده می گردد. Manuscript profile
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        78 - ارزیابی راندمان تله اندازی رسوبات در حوضچه های رسوبگیر متوسط مقیاس (مطالعه موردی: حوضچه رسوبگیر آبگیر کمندان)
        شادی رازقی خرم آباد امیر حمزه حقی آبی حسین فتحیان
        یکی از مهم‌ترین مسائل درتأمین آب کشاورزی یا شرب مسأله کنترل رسوب است. رسوب‌گذاری در کانالهای انتقال آب باعث کاهش راندمان انتقال می‌شود. در این تحقیق به ارزیابی راندمان حوضچه رسوبگیر بند انحرافی و آبگیر کمندان واقع در روستای کمندان شهرستان الیگودرز استان لرستان پرداخته ش More
        یکی از مهم‌ترین مسائل درتأمین آب کشاورزی یا شرب مسأله کنترل رسوب است. رسوب‌گذاری در کانالهای انتقال آب باعث کاهش راندمان انتقال می‌شود. در این تحقیق به ارزیابی راندمان حوضچه رسوبگیر بند انحرافی و آبگیر کمندان واقع در روستای کمندان شهرستان الیگودرز استان لرستان پرداخته شده است. در ابتدا از جریان آب و رسوب ورودی و خروجی از حوضچه در دبی‌های مختلف نمونه برداری گردید و غلظت ذرات مختلف رسوب با انجام آزمایش تعیین شد. سپس راندمان حوضچه از لحاظ تله‌اندازی رسوبات محاسبه شد. همچنین مقادیر راندمان تله‌اندازی اندازه‌گیری شده با مقادیر راندمان تله‌اندازی محاسبه شده توسط مدل‌های ریاضی موجود که توسط محققین مختلف ارائه شده‌اند مورد مقایسه قرار گرفت. نتایج نشان می دهد که راندمان تله اندازی رسوب در حوضچه کمندان محاسبه شده با مدل گارده و رانگا به مقدار اندازه‌گیری شده با روش مستقیم نزدیک‌تر می‌باشد. بنابراین مدل گارده و رانگا نسبت به سایر مدل ها بهتر می تواند راندمان تله اندازی رسوب در حوضچه کمندان را برآورد نماید. Manuscript profile
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        79 - ارزیابی ذرات و بررسی رسوب ورودی به مخزن سد گتوند علیا با استفاده از نرم‌افزار CCHE2D
        محمد رضا فرشادی سعید حاجی علی گل جواد احدیان محمد جواد نصر اصفهانی
        پدیده رسوب­گذاری در مخازن سدها پدیده­ای پیچیده بوده و عدم اطلاعات از میزان رسوب ورودی به مخزن سد و پیش­بینی روش­های کنترل آن، موجب کاهش عمر مفید سد و اتلاف سرمایه­های عظیم ملی می­گردد. به منظور محاسبه بار رسوب ورودی به مخزن سد گتوند علیا از مدل ر More
        پدیده رسوب­گذاری در مخازن سدها پدیده­ای پیچیده بوده و عدم اطلاعات از میزان رسوب ورودی به مخزن سد و پیش­بینی روش­های کنترل آن، موجب کاهش عمر مفید سد و اتلاف سرمایه­های عظیم ملی می­گردد. به منظور محاسبه بار رسوب ورودی به مخزن سد گتوند علیا از مدل رایانه ای  CCHE2Dکه توانایی انجام محاسبات رسوب را دارد استفاده شده است. برای آماده­سازی مدل، از حجم زیادی اطلاعات شامل مشخصات مقاطع رودخانه در بالادست محل احداث سد، آمار مربوط به دبی روزانه رودخانه، سیلاب­های با دوره بازگشت­های مختلف، دانه­بندی مواد بستر و دیگر اطلاعات مورد لزوم استفاده گردیده است. پس از کالیبره کردن و اجرای نرم افزار، بار رسوب ورودی به مخزن سد گتوند علیا برابر با 89435 کیلوگرم بر متر مکعب محاسبه شد و با توجه به نوع حالت بهره­برداری از مخزن و وزن مخصوص انباشته­ها و ضریب تله­اندازی 90 درصد، حجم کل رسوب انباشته شده در مخزن این سد برابر با 241 میلیون مترمکعب خواهد بود که 23/7 درصد حجم کل مخزن سد را پس از 100 سال تشکیل می­دهد. همچنین قسمت اعظم بار رسوبی ورودی به مخزن سد گتوند علیا ذرات سیلت درشت با اندازه 6250/0 - 310/0 میلی­متر و ماسه بسیار ریز با محدوده اندازه 125/0 - 0625/0 میلی­متر را تشکیل می­دهد. Manuscript profile
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        80 - برآورد بار رسوب معلق رودخانه ها با استفاده از روش های هیدرولوژیکی مختلف (مطالعه موردی: رودخانه سیاهرود مازندران)
        رضا صالحی طالشی عسکری تشکری نجم الدین واصلی
        در یک حوزه آبخیز، رسوب در اثر فرسایش و تحت تاثیر عواملی مانند تخریب مراتع، تغییر کاربری، کشاورزی غیر اصولی و سایر موارد بوجود می­آید که مشکلاتی نظیر رسوب­گذاری در مخازن و کاهش حجم مفید آن ها، کاهش کیفیت آب از لحاظ مصارف کشاورزی، کاهش بازدهی سازه­های هیدرولیک More
        در یک حوزه آبخیز، رسوب در اثر فرسایش و تحت تاثیر عواملی مانند تخریب مراتع، تغییر کاربری، کشاورزی غیر اصولی و سایر موارد بوجود می­آید که مشکلاتی نظیر رسوب­گذاری در مخازن و کاهش حجم مفید آن ها، کاهش کیفیت آب از لحاظ مصارف کشاورزی، کاهش بازدهی سازه­های هیدرولیکی و نیز برخی مشکلات زیست محیطی را سبب می شود. تغییرات بار رسوبی در یک رودخانه پارامتر مهمی در مدیریت پروژه­های آبی و شاخصی جهت نشان دادن وضعیت فرسایش خاک و شرایط اکولوژیکی حوزه می‌باشد. تخمین بار رسوبی رودخانه در محدوده وسیعی از مسائل، نظیر طراحی مخازن سدها، انتقال رسوب رودخانه­ها، تعیین تاثیرات مدیریت آبخیزها و حفاظت محیط زیست کاربرد دارد. این تحقیق در مورد رودخانه سیاهرود استان مازندران انجام شده است که منبع اصلی تامین کننده آب بخش وسیعی از مزارع کشاورزی منطقه محسوب می شود. در این پژوهش با بررسی کارآیی منحنی‌های سنجه رسوب و انتخاب مناسب‌ترین منحنی، سعی شده است تخمین نسبتأ قابل اطمینانی از میزان بار معلق رسوبی رودخانه ارائه گردد. بدین منظور از آمار دبی روزانه جریان و آمار متناظر دبی جریان- دبی رسوب معلق که به صورت همزمان در برخی از روزهای سال اندازه‌گیری شده اند، طی یک دوره آماری 13 ساله ( از سال آبی 78-1377 تا سال آبی 90-1389 ) از تنها ایستگاه هیدرومتری واقع در مسیر اصلی رودخانه استفاده شد. انتخاب مناسب‌ترین منحنی با استفاده از شاخص‌های آماری میانگین مربعات خطا و ضریب تبیین انجام گردیده و با ترسیم منحنی های سنجه یک خطی، چند خطی و حد وسط دسته ها برای رودخانه‌ی مورد مطالعه، منحنی سنجه حد وسط دسته‌ها با ضریب تبیین 93/0 بعنوان منحنی سنجه رسوب مناسب انتخاب گردید و سپس با استفاده از روش‌های مختلف گذر حجمی، میزان بار معلق رودخانه برآورد شد. این روش‌ها شامل تلفیق منحنی سنجه حد وسط دسته‌ها با: دبی متوسط روزانه، دبی متوسط ماهانه، منحنی تداوم جریان و روش تلفیق دبی متوسط ماهانه و روزانه می‌باشد. در نهایت نتایج حاصل از این 4 روش باهم مقایسه گردید و روش منحنی سنجه حد وسط دسته ها و تلفیق آن با دبی متوسط روزانه، بعنوان مدل بهینه در برآورد بار رسوب معلق رودخانه سیاهرود مازندران انتخاب شد. ضمنا میزان بار رسوب معلق در محل ایستگاه هیدرومتری به روش انتخابی، 55855 تن در سال برآورد شد. Manuscript profile
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        81 - بررسی تاثیر تغییر‌ات پارامترهای شیب، دبی و غلظت، بر شدت اختلاط جریان‌ غلیظ در مقاطع همگرا
        ایوب مرادی مهدی قمشی بهنام سروری نژاد
        سدسازی از هزاران سال قبل از میلاد، فنی شناخته شده بود و انسان همواره با کمک آن سعی در حفظ و بهره­برداری از منابع آب‌های سطحی داشته است.ولی معضل رسوب گذاری همواره به عنوان مهم ترین عامل، در کوتاه کردن عمر مفید سدها مطرح بوده است و سدهای مخزنی زیادی بدلیل پرشدن از رسو More
        سدسازی از هزاران سال قبل از میلاد، فنی شناخته شده بود و انسان همواره با کمک آن سعی در حفظ و بهره­برداری از منابع آب‌های سطحی داشته است.ولی معضل رسوب گذاری همواره به عنوان مهم ترین عامل، در کوتاه کردن عمر مفید سدها مطرح بوده است و سدهای مخزنی زیادی بدلیل پرشدن از رسوب، متروکه شده اند. یکی از مهمترین پدیده­ها در رسوبگذاری مخازن، جریان‌های غلیظ می­باشند که باید نقش این جریان‌ها در فرایند رسوبگذاری مخازن، شناسایی شده و با شناخت پارامترهای مختلف این جریان، نسبت به مدیریت رسوب مخازن، اقدامات موثر را انجام داد. لذا در این تحقیق، تاثیر تغییرات پارامترهای دبی، شیب و غلظت، روی شدت اختلاط جریان غلیظ و آب ساکن در مقاطع همگرا، در یک فلوم با شیب کف قابل تغییر، عرض 5/72 سانتی متر، عمق 60 سانتی متر و طول 6 متر در سه زاویه همگرایی 8 ،16 و 25 درجه در آزمایشگاه مدل­های هیدرولیکی دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز پرداخته شده است. نتایج نشان می­دهند با افزایش پارامترهای دبی و شیب، شدت اختلاط جریان غلیظ، افزایش یافته و با افزایش غلظت، از مقدار آن کاسته می­شود و در نهایت برای شدت اختلاط در هر یک از زوایای همگرا، رابطه­ای ارائه شده است. Manuscript profile
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        82 - پایش کیفی پارامترهای فیزیکی، شیمیایی و میکروبی در طول کانال انتقال آب تصفیه خانه جنوب شرق
        سید محمد مهدی آیتی مهدی اسدی لور
         رودخانه‌ها بدلیل ورود بخشی از آلاینده‌های ناشی از فعالیت جوامع انسانی در مقایسه با سایر منابع آب (زیرزمینی) به مقدار بیشتری در معرض ورود آلایندهای ثانویه به منابع آبی محسوب می‌شوند. بررسی کیفیت کانال انتقال آب تصفیه خانه جنوب شرق به دلیل تامین آب شرب شهرستان‌های م More
         رودخانه‌ها بدلیل ورود بخشی از آلاینده‌های ناشی از فعالیت جوامع انسانی در مقایسه با سایر منابع آب (زیرزمینی) به مقدار بیشتری در معرض ورود آلایندهای ثانویه به منابع آبی محسوب می‌شوند. بررسی کیفیت کانال انتقال آب تصفیه خانه جنوب شرق به دلیل تامین آب شرب شهرستان‌های ماهشهر، بندر امام و صنایع پتروشیمی اداره کل بنادر و کشتیرانی و سایر مشترکین اداری و تجاری بندر امام از اهمیت ویژه‌ای برخودار است. در این مطالعه به بررسی پارامترهای کیفیت فیزیکوشیمیایی و میکروبی شامل دما(T)، هدایت الکتریکی(EC)، کل جامدات محلول(TDS)، کدورت(TUR)، خاصیت اسیدی یا بازی(pH)، سختی آب(TH)، کلسیم(Ca)، منیزیم(Mg)، کلرور(Cl، کربنات(C03)، بی کربنات(HCO3)، سدیم(Na)، پتاسیم(K)، اکسیژن مورد نیاز شیمیایی(COD)، سولفات (SO4) و کلیفرم  مدفوعی درطول کانال انتقال آب جنوب شرق از کوت امیر تا سربندر اقدام شد. براین اساس در بازه زمانی آبان 97 تا اردیبهشت 98 طی عملیات میدانی اقدام به برداشت نمونه کیفی درهر ماه دو نوبت و هر نوبت دو نمونه کیفی از 5 نقطه در طول کانال آب جنوب شرق و در مجموع به تعداد 60 نمونه کیفی برداشت شد. طبقه بندی آب از نظر کشاورزی، شرب و صنعت بر پایه تحلیل کیفی از طریق نمودارهای ویلکاکس، شولر، و پایپر انجام شد و در انتها  استفاده از شاخصNSFWQI اقدام به طبقه بندی کیفی آب شد. بررسی نتایج آزمایشات و نمودارهای صورت گرفته در خصوص کیفیت آب از نطرشرب در کلاس قابل قبول بود. همچنین با استفاده از شاخصNSFWQI کیفیت آب در طول مسیر کانال در حد متوسط می‌باشد. Manuscript profile
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        83 - بررسی بهسازی آب بندان ها در مهار و ذخیره سازی آب های سطحی در استان مازندران
        علی باقری
        یکی از سازه­های ذخیره آب در استان مازندران، آب­بندان می­باشد. آب­بندان در واقع یک استخر ذخیره خاکی و بسیار بزرگ است که از گود کردن و خاک­برداری یک محدوده و ریختن و کوبیدن و ایجاد دیواره دور این محدوده به وجود می‌آید. آب­های مازاد در فصول غیرزراعی More
        یکی از سازه­های ذخیره آب در استان مازندران، آب­بندان می­باشد. آب­بندان در واقع یک استخر ذخیره خاکی و بسیار بزرگ است که از گود کردن و خاک­برداری یک محدوده و ریختن و کوبیدن و ایجاد دیواره دور این محدوده به وجود می‌آید. آب­های مازاد در فصول غیرزراعی در آب­بندان­­­ها ذخیره می­شود و در فصول زراعی از آن بهره­برداری  می­شود. با توجه به اینکه اکثر آب­بندان­­­ها از قدمت زیادی برخوردار هستند و با وسایل مقدماتی احداث شده­اند دارای عمق کمی می­باشند و دیواره­های آنها از استحکام کافی برخوردار نمی­باشد و با بارش سنگین باران احتمال تخریب دیواره و بروز خسارات وجود دارد؛ و همچنین میزان هدررفت آب از طریق نشت زیاد می­باشد و با ورود رسوبات حجم ذخیره آب در آب­بندان‌ها کاهش یافته است، بنابراین با توجه به موارد ذکر شده آب­بندان­ها نیاز مبرم به لایروبی، افزایش عمق مخزن، تحکیم و تثبیت دیواره دارند. در این تحقیق 7 آب­بندان در سطح استان با مساحت 690 هکتار در نظر گرفته شد و تاثیر بهسازی آنها بر افزایش حجم ذخیره آب و افزایش مهار آبهای سطحی مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. نتایج تحقیق نشان داد که پس از بهسازی، حجم ذخیره این 7 آب­بندان 35/19 میلیون مترمکعب افزایش یافت. یعنی برای هر هکتار آب­بندان حجم ذخیره پس از بهسازی بطور متوسط، 28043 مترمکعب افزایش می­یابد. که این افزایش حجم ذخیره برای هر هکتار آب­بندان معادل 7/185 درصد می­باشد. Manuscript profile
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        84 - برآورد فرسایش و رسوب حوضه بالادست سد وشمگیر
        وحید یزدانی سپیده یکه باش امیر حسین آقاخانی افشار
        به دلیل اهمیت آب و نقش حیاتی آن در زندگی انسان، مطالعات رودخانه­ای و به تبع آن مطالعه بر روی حوضه­های آبریز ضروری به نظر می­رسند. استان گلستان با مساحت 20437 کیلومترمربع بین عرض جغرافیایی ΄24 ˚36 تا ΄0 ˚38 شمالی و ΄51 ˚53 تا ΄14 ˚56 شرقی واقع شده است. گرگان‌ More
        به دلیل اهمیت آب و نقش حیاتی آن در زندگی انسان، مطالعات رودخانه­ای و به تبع آن مطالعه بر روی حوضه­های آبریز ضروری به نظر می­رسند. استان گلستان با مساحت 20437 کیلومترمربع بین عرض جغرافیایی ΄24 ˚36 تا ΄0 ˚38 شمالی و ΄51 ˚53 تا ΄14 ˚56 شرقی واقع شده است. گرگان‌رود یکی از مهم‌ترین رودخانه­‌های استان گلستان به شمار می‌رود و در تمامی دشت گرگان جریان داشته و آن را به دو قسمت تقسیم می‌کند. سطح حوضه آبگیر آن به مساحت 10250 کیلومترمربع می‌باشد. گام اصلی و مهم در مطالعات فرسایش و رسوب به روش تجربی، تعیین و شناسایی اشکال، و سیمای فرسایش است. در این مرحله نقشه‌های مختلف شامل شبکه آبراهه، شیب، زمین‌شناسی، ژئومورفولوژی، خاک‌شناسی و کاربری اراضی مورد بررسی قرار گرفت؛ و نقشه واحد کاری منطقه مشخص و با تفسیر عکس­های هوایی و بازدید­های میدانی نقشه تدقیق گردید. جهت برآورد میزان فرسایش و رسوب در زیرحوضه­‌ها  از مدل MPSIAC استفاده شد. طبق بررسی­های میدانی صورت گرفته و نتایج بدست آمده انواع فرسایش­ها، در سطح مورد مطالعه به وقوع پیوسته است. طبق بررسی­های صورت گرفته بیشترین فرسایش در زیر حوضه با کد 1625220 (بار بستر 62/3 و با معلق 47/14) و کمترین فرسایش در زیر حوضه با کد 1624210 (بار بستر 32/0 و بار معلق 3/1) بود. بر اساس نتایج بدست آمده نسبت تحویل رسوب در زیر حوضه­های مورد بررسی بین حداکثر 6/23 الی 6/39 درصد می‎باشد. در همین راستا میزان رسوب ویژه بین 6/1 الی 1/18 و فرسایش ویژه بین 9/4 الی 3/58 تن در هکتار در سال متغیر بود. Manuscript profile
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        85 - تاثیر زاویه و موقعیت آبگیر در میزان دبی رسوب ورودی انحرافی در قوس رودخانه به کمک مدل CCHE2D
        رضوان زنگنه امیرعباس کمانبدست علیرضا مسجدی
        آبگیرها از جمله سازه‌هایی هستند که برای برداشت آب از رودخانه ها طراحی و اجراء می شوند رودخانه ها همراه آب مقداری رسوب با خود حمل می کنند که این رسوب حاصل فرسایش بستر رودخانه و فرسایشی است که در اثر وقوع بارندگی و یا جاری شدن روانآب سطحی بر روی حوزه آبریز بوجود می آید. چ More
        آبگیرها از جمله سازه‌هایی هستند که برای برداشت آب از رودخانه ها طراحی و اجراء می شوند رودخانه ها همراه آب مقداری رسوب با خود حمل می کنند که این رسوب حاصل فرسایش بستر رودخانه و فرسایشی است که در اثر وقوع بارندگی و یا جاری شدن روانآب سطحی بر روی حوزه آبریز بوجود می آید. چنانچه عمل آبگیری از رودخانه صورت گیرد، ورود رسوبات به آبگیر، مشکلاتی را به جهت رسوب گذاری به همراه خواهد داشت. در این تحقیق از مدل ریاضی CCHE2D به دلیل هزینه کمتر نسبت به روشهای موجود، تسریع در روند مطالعات و همچنین استفاده از نتایج برای سایر موارد مشابه استفاده شد. به منظور بررسی شرایط هیدرولیکی جریان و رسوب در آبگیر با زاویه های مختلف 30 ،45 ، 60 ، 75 و 90 درجه و موقعیت 25، 40، 55 و70 با مدل ریاضی CCHE2D  به شبیه سازی دبی و رسوب ورودی به این آبگیر ها پرداخته شده است. نتایج حاصل از آزمایشات نشان می دهد که آبگیر در موقعیت 70 و زاویه 90 درجه با 4/8 درصد، کمترین رسوب انحرافی به آبگیر را دارد. این گزینه می‎ تواند مشکل رسوب گذاری و کمبود آب در بعضی از فصول سال را مرتفع سازد. Manuscript profile
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        86 - Estimation of erosion and sediment production using GIS and EPM model (Case study area: Ghomrood-Aligudarz Basin)
        Arefe AliMohamadi Alireza Iildermi Mirmehrdad Mirsanjari
        One of the most important issues that causes soil erosion in Iran is the problems of management and control of the erosion of the watersheds of the country, the lack of statistical data to accurately estimate the extent of erosion. Therefore, this research is aimed at e More
        One of the most important issues that causes soil erosion in Iran is the problems of management and control of the erosion of the watersheds of the country, the lack of statistical data to accurately estimate the extent of erosion. Therefore, this research is aimed at estimating the rate of erosion and sediment production in Ghomrood-Aligudarz Basin using experimental model EPM (GIS) to control soil erosion. Initially, in this research, data was obtained through library and field resources, existing maps, and weather stations statistics. After importing maps in the ARCGIS software environment using the standard tables provided in the EPM model, the concessions are proportional to the catchment area and, by combining the layers with respect to the relationships presented in the EPM model, the zoning map of the severity of erosion in the watershed of Qomrood - Oligodarz was calculated. The results showed that with EPM method, the specific erosion rate of 24.529 m 3 / km / year and total erosion of the basin were estimated at 9257 m3 / m3 / m3 and, according to the erosion intensity of the studied basin, according to to the EPM method in the erosion class Extreme (V). Manuscript profile
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        87 - Environmental evaluation on heavy metals in coastal sediments of the Bandar-e- Imam and Deylam, North Persian Gulf, Iran
        Ghodratollah rostamipaydar hooman moradpour
        Evaluation of heavy metals is essential to monitoring of soil pollution, maintain the quality of the environment and human health. The aims of these study to assess concentrations of heavy metals in Bandar-e-Imam and Deylam coastal sediments. The data collected during 2 More
        Evaluation of heavy metals is essential to monitoring of soil pollution, maintain the quality of the environment and human health. The aims of these study to assess concentrations of heavy metals in Bandar-e-Imam and Deylam coastal sediments. The data collected during 2015, in 20 stations, 43 samples were collected from coastal sediments and heavy metals were analyzed by ICP-MS and atomic absorption. Then, statistical parameters and important geoenvironmental index such as geoaccumulation index(Igeo), Enrichment factor (EF), contamination factor(Cf), degree of contamination(Cd), Pollution load index(Pli) and ecological risk index(Er) was calculated and for the best distributoin we used inverse distance weighting interpolation (IDW) and radial basis function (RBF) with five sub-branch of the local polynomial method (LP) and global (GP). Based on the results of chemical analysis the average of the chromium, mercury, arsenic, lead and cadmium is 54.27, 0.07, 5.49, 10.13 and 0.25 mg/kg respectively. As following the concentration of heavy metals is compared with similar studies in the world. The study area has a heavy manufacturing industries and harbor position, so heavy metal pollution showed a dominant performance of anthropogenic activities and in comparison, risk of contamination in the Bandar-e- Imam  is higher than the Deylam shoreline. Manuscript profile
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        88 - Investigation of sedimentology, trend of changes in grain size and determination of Debi-sediment equation in Jajroud drainage basin
        فرج االله Fayazi نیما Nezamvafa KH Rezaei ندا Norouzi فائزه Borbori محمد Nakhaei
        Filling sediments behind dams decrease their useful lifetime, so sedimentological investigations in bedof arriving rivers are very necessary for distinguish and determination of sediment producer sources ofsediments. Latian dam and Jajroud river have a critical situatio More
        Filling sediments behind dams decrease their useful lifetime, so sedimentological investigations in bedof arriving rivers are very necessary for distinguish and determination of sediment producer sources ofsediments. Latian dam and Jajroud river have a critical situation. Jajroud drainage basin has an extentabout 710 km2. It is located in north east of Tehran. It has 7 sub basins include Fasham, Ahar,Meigoon, Lavarak, Emameh ,Kond and Afjeh. Its shape is nearly ellipsoid from NW to SE. Thisbraided river has gravely bed with single channel and dam parameter more than 1. Average slope ofJajroud river is 4 percent. This river flows on bicarbonate, silicate, calcium bicarbonate, sulfate andsalt material as bed rocks. The size of bed sediments has very irregular changes due to specializedtectonic activities in this area, arriving minor branches, clastic inputs, and changes in slope. So densityof drainage in this river is 1.6. Most of sedimentary bars in Jajroud river are longitude and they showshallow and claim conditions. Morphoscopy of grains doesn’t have any defined trend. Granulometricgraphs are polymodal. Sorting of grains are bad mostly. The graphs of mean and median changes havenot regular trend. Most of samples have negative skewness and they are platykortic. Branch coefficientof this basin is 3.081, so this basin is general basin. The hydrograph curve of flood is normal. Finalmodel for Debi- sediment for Jajroud basin has calculated based on physiography factors of basin thatis correlated in maximum of Debi and flooding sediments by power ministry of Iran. Manuscript profile
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        89 - Mineralogy and geochemistry of host rocks of in the Jalal Mn ore Deposit ( South of Qom)
        Mansore Mahdavi محمد Yazdi M.H Emami
        Jalal Manganese ore is located in the southwest of the Qom. The area is located in Uromieh-Dokhtargeological zone of Iran. The base and host rock of the area include Eocene volcanic rocks such as basalt,andesite, trachyte, rhyolite, andesite-basaltic lava and spillitic More
        Jalal Manganese ore is located in the southwest of the Qom. The area is located in Uromieh-Dokhtargeological zone of Iran. The base and host rock of the area include Eocene volcanic rocks such as basalt,andesite, trachyte, rhyolite, andesite-basaltic lava and spillitic lava. The lavas are more pillow types. Theyounger andesite-basaltic dykes have been intruded to these volcano-sedimentary rocks of the area.TheMn- mineralization was hosted in the volcano-sedimentary rocks of the area. Hangingwall and footwall ofore are andesite-basaltic lava and spillitic lava. The ore mineralization was hosted as vein type withinfaults, joints and fractures. The main direction of ore mineralization is NW-SE in the several parallellayers. These layers have been known as A, B, D ore layers in the Jalal area. The surface outcrop of orelayers is about 2km and have been cut by several local faults, mainly in NW of the area. The new drillingsshow that the dip and direction of the ore layers have been changed in the dipper parts mainly to the NE.The ore minerals are mainly pyrolusite, Psilomelane, with Mn oxides and non-ore minerals are mainlycalcite and quartz. Field survey, geochemical and mineralogical studies show that the mineralization isvein epithermal type. Manuscript profile
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        90 - petrography and environment sedimentary of lower part of lalun formation in type section , NE of tehran
        میرحسن موسوی نادر کهنسال امیدرضا باقرزاده
        The lower part of Lalun Formation in type section is mainly sandstone. Base on laboratory studyand observition field, lower part of Lalun Formation is incluse sub-arkose, sub-sedarenite,feldespatic sedarenite and sedarenite facies group. Main grains of these facies are More
        The lower part of Lalun Formation in type section is mainly sandstone. Base on laboratory studyand observition field, lower part of Lalun Formation is incluse sub-arkose, sub-sedarenite,feldespatic sedarenite and sedarenite facies group. Main grains of these facies are quartez, rockfragments and feldespare. Sedimentary environment of lower part of Lalun Formation is MeanderyRiver. Deposites have been fining upward facies. Cross bedding, lamination and evaporite cast haveseen on this sequence. Manuscript profile
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        91 - Assessment of heavy metal in the sediments of Bandar Abbas
        mahsa astani Ali Mashinchian Moradi Pargol Ghavam Mostafavi
        Due to increasing urbanization and industrial development, environmental pollution has increased and heavy metals are one of the most groups of pollutant. Sediments act as indicators of heavy metal in coastal environment, they are the main reservoir of heavy metals. Ino More
        Due to increasing urbanization and industrial development, environmental pollution has increased and heavy metals are one of the most groups of pollutant. Sediments act as indicators of heavy metal in coastal environment, they are the main reservoir of heavy metals. Inorder study about environmental pollution and the andemic species, sediments and T. mutabilis samples were collected from 5 transects (South Golshahr, Khaje Ata, Posht-e- shahr, Jahanbar rahe Se, Soro) of the Bandar Abbas (NE Persian Gulf) in cold and warm season, and the metal concentrations were determined for them. Metals contents were analyzed by using ICP-MS. Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS 18.0 software. The highest amount of metals belongs to Fe, Al, Mn in warm and cold season. Sediment quality was measured by Contamination Factor. Cd, As, Hg, Zn, Cu & Pb levels in sediments from all transects higher than the recommended values of standard (USEPA ,1996; ROPME, 2003). Manuscript profile
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        92 - The study of sedimentological and mineralogical loess sediments as raw material for produce Brick and other industrial products in Golestan Province
        Mansoor khajeh Hossein Tuluian Araz- Mohammad mofidi- khajeh Mansoor Rahmati
        In recent years, many industries activities such as refining crude oil, aluminum and zinc production, ship repairand construction, loading and unloading of minerals and chemicals, etc. As a development center in BandarAbbas, southern Iran, which formed the subject exace More
        In recent years, many industries activities such as refining crude oil, aluminum and zinc production, ship repairand construction, loading and unloading of minerals and chemicals, etc. As a development center in BandarAbbas, southern Iran, which formed the subject exacerbate pollution load destruction of sensitive ecosystemscoastal waters region. Therefore, measures to identify and measure heavy metals and trace elements with regardto harmful effects on marine ecosystems including aquatic and consequently affects puts man in sediments ofcoastal waters is an important. Based on this in this study the amount of heavy metals Zn, Cr, Ni and Cd insediments in coastal areas target Bandar Abbas apparatus flame atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) wasmeasured. All stages of sample and digestion of sediment according to standard methods (MOOPAM) were.Thus, the average concentration of heavy metals Zn, Cr, Ni and Cd in sediments, respectively 89.1 ± 0.3, 90.4 ±0.3, 27.9 ± 0.3 and 2.1 ± 0.2 (µg g-1) dry weight sediment, respectively. This value with an average concentrationof elements in sediments above and other global internal and external areas were analyzed and compared.Statistical analysis (ANOVA: Single Factor) showed that the average concentration of heavy metals Zn, Cr, Niand Cd in sediment are significant differences between the crossings. Two elements Cd and Zn with a correlationcoefficient of 0.7651 have the highest correlation and then the order of elements Ni and Cr with the coefficientcorrelation 0.7410, Cd and Cr with the coefficient correlation 0.599, Zn and Cr coefficient correlation 0.5603and Ni and Zn with the coefficient correlation 0.1704 are. With coefficient significant and positive correlationbetween Cd and Zn, Cd and Cr, Zn and Cr and finally be determined that the source of pollution in the sedimentsof these elements is the same. The results show there are no statistically significant correlations for Cd, Nicoefficient. Manuscript profile
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        93 - Determination of pollution caused by heavy metals Zn, Cr, Ni and Cd in the Persian Gulf coastal sediments
        Akbar Elsagh
        In recent years, many industries activities such as refining crude oil, aluminum and zincproduction, ship repair and construction, loading and unloading of minerals and chemicals, etc. Asa development center in Bandar Abbas, southern Iran, which formed the subject exace More
        In recent years, many industries activities such as refining crude oil, aluminum and zincproduction, ship repair and construction, loading and unloading of minerals and chemicals, etc. Asa development center in Bandar Abbas, southern Iran, which formed the subject exacerbatepollution load destruction of sensitive ecosystems coastal waters region. Therefore, measures toidentify and measure heavy metals and trace elements with regard to harmful effects on marineecosystems including aquatic and consequently affects puts man in sediments of coastal waters isan important. Based on this in this study the amount of heavy metals Zn, Cr, Ni and Cd insediments in coastal areas target Bandar Abbas apparatus flame atomic absorption spectroscopy(AAS) was measured. All stages of sample and digestion of sediment according to standardmethods (MOOPAM) were. Thus, the average concentration of heavy metals Zn, Cr, Ni and Cd insediments, respectively 89.1 ± 0.3, 90.4 ± 0.3, 27.9 ± 0.3 and 2.1 ± 0.2 (µg g-1) dry weightsediment, respectively. This value with an average concentration of elements in sediments aboveand other global internal and external areas were analyzed and compared. Statistical analysis(ANOVA: Single Factor) showed that the average concentration of heavy metals Zn, Cr, Ni andCd in sediment are significant differences between the crossings. Two elements Cd and Zn with acorrelation coefficient of 0.7651 have the highest correlation and then the order of elements Ni andCr with the coefficient correlation 0.7410, Cd and Cr with the coefficient correlation 0.599, Zn andCr coefficient correlation 0.5603 and Ni and Zn with the coefficient correlation 0.1704 are. Withcoefficient significant and positive correlation between Cd and Zn, Cd and Cr, Zn and Cr andfinally be determined that the source of pollution in the sediments of these elements is the same.The results show there are no statistically significant correlations for Cd, Ni coefficient. Manuscript profile
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        94 - Geochemical studies of stream sediment to determine the shear zone-related gold mineralization (Case study of Alut area in Kurdistan province)
        Fardin Ahmadi Mahyadin Mohamadpour
        Geochemical studies of stream sediments are one of the most common methods in mineral exploration, specifically used for gold prospecting. In this study, the univariate statistical parameters, such as the comparison of the maximum and minimum of each element with the ba More
        Geochemical studies of stream sediments are one of the most common methods in mineral exploration, specifically used for gold prospecting. In this study, the univariate statistical parameters, such as the comparison of the maximum and minimum of each element with the background were used in order to identify the Influential elements. Then histogram and probability diagram were prepared. Subsequently influential components and Elements that are closely linked together, were identified using multivariate statistical methods such as Principal Component Analysis. These analyses indicate that six elements (including Au, Hg, Be, Mo, Ti, and Sn) are more important than others. The components of 3 and 7 as influential components were identified and these components were mapped. In the next step, the model of influential elements was creating on a logarithmic scale. The result of the modeling indicates that 80% of classification is correct. Subsequently, the gold-element data were divided into three sub-communities including background (code 0), the Community of background to the anomaly (code 1), and the anomaly-community (code 2). Finally, the gold distribution pattern based on these sub-communities was prepared that three parts of the region were presented as potential areas. For 8 elements the map of discriminant analysis shows that Au and As have opposite treatment. Manuscript profile
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        95 - The effect of geologic units on water quality of Bazeh- Hour watershed, with emphasis on sedimenotology studies, SE Mashhad
        MehdiReza Poorsoltani Sifollah Alami
        Binalud watershed is located, South-East of Mashhad, that geologically, is a part of Binalud zone. Binalud watershed contanis three subbasins, which among them, Bazeh-Hour subbasin has been studied. Climatology, Bazeh-Hour area is arid and semi-arid, and, so, due to the More
        Binalud watershed is located, South-East of Mashhad, that geologically, is a part of Binalud zone. Binalud watershed contanis three subbasins, which among them, Bazeh-Hour subbasin has been studied. Climatology, Bazeh-Hour area is arid and semi-arid, and, so, due to the various geological units, the chemical composition and the quality of the water has been changed, so, the type of water is sulfuate and chloride. Additionally, in terms of agriculture and human drinking is also acceptable. Thus sedimentology studies, along Bazeh-Hour river shows that three main factors, sudden changes of slope, entrance of minor channels and seasonal  flood  events, caused the sediments fabric variation, and parameters changing, such as sorting, skewness and kurtis. So, sedimentology and petrology studies show that the most sediments are very poor sorted, platykurtic and fine skewed, and basic and ultrabasic rocks are the main source of Bazeh-Hour deposits. Although, based on field studies, three facies associations are recognized, that consist four gravely facies,  Gmm, Gmg, Gcm and Gci, two sandy facies, Sh and Sl, and three mud facies, Fm, Fr and Fl, and four structural elements, SG, HO, LS and FF are identified. In according to Bazeh-Hour river facies associations and structural elements, three depositional models, gravely bradied rivers with gravity flows, sandy meandering river and fining grain meandering river are suggested. Manuscript profile
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        96 - Investigation of mechanisms of erosion and sediment studies in Afjeh and Lavarak sub-basins using experimental models and compare them with geostatic methods
        Zahra Najm Khalil Rezaei Seyed Hamid Vaziri Ali Naeimi Nezam Abad
        Afjeh and Lavarak sub-basins each with area of 4651,95 and 10557,2 hectare are located at south border ofcentral Alborz at north-eastern of Tehran. Various formations basically contains Shaly, Sandstone, Conglomerateand tuff lithology, covered this region more than igne More
        Afjeh and Lavarak sub-basins each with area of 4651,95 and 10557,2 hectare are located at south border ofcentral Alborz at north-eastern of Tehran. Various formations basically contains Shaly, Sandstone, Conglomerateand tuff lithology, covered this region more than igneous rocks. In Afjeh sub-basin, Barout formation with theage of Cambrian and in Lavarak sub-basin, Mila formation with the age of middle and late Cambrian, are theoldest available stones and the newer stone units belong to Quaternary period in each of them. The purpose ofthis research is to compare MPSIAC and EPM models in calculation of sediments supply and soil erosion, usingGIS techniques. To achieve the goals, effects of lithology, soil texture and geological conditions on sedimentproduction were considered by sedimentological and petrographic studies. Finally with use geostatisticaloperations, two models were compared. The results show that the most values of erosion are in Shaly, Marly,weathered tuff and alluvial deposits Parts of sub watersheds correlated with sensitive formations such as Karajand Quaternary sediments. Based on map of MPSIAC model more than 75% of the total sub watersheds areawas classified at class IV of erosion category with high sedimentation. Sub-basin’s erosion were calculated as769.3 and 583.21 m2/km3 per year in Afjeh and Lavarak sub-basins by MPSIAC and 701.3 and 543.2 m2/km3 peryear by EPM models, respectively. The results of statistical compare of erosion of MPSIAC and EPM modelsshow that, there is no significant different between erosion estimate by MPSIAC model and real erosionmeasure, but the erosion estimate by EPM model have a significant different. So MPSIAC model may havebetter performance. Manuscript profile
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        97 - Estimation of specific sedimentation status of formations using water discharge and sediment of Mamlu hydrometric station in Damavand Drainage basin
        Keyvan Ahzan
        Estimation of suspended sediment load is one of the most important factors in the hydraulic, morphological and hydraulic behavior of river sediments  and the basis of proper management of water and soil resources in Drainage basin. Estimation of the total suspended More
        Estimation of suspended sediment load is one of the most important factors in the hydraulic, morphological and hydraulic behavior of river sediments  and the basis of proper management of water and soil resources in Drainage basin. Estimation of the total suspended load of the river is often possible with the data measured in hydrometric stations from establishing the relationships of sediment measurement curves using conventional methods. In this paper, the amount of sediment estimation in Damavand Drainage basin has been estimated through statistics recorded in Mamlu hydrometric station. The main rivers of Damavand Drainage basin are Damavand and Siahroud rivers. Damavand river which flows from east to west of the basin and while passing through Damavand city, Tarroud, Arab chenarha, Gilavand, Hesare paeen, Mara, Kajan, Tamisan, Zareh Dar and Siah Sang, after 48 km, finally in Yurd Shah It joins Jajroud river. For this purpose, these statistics (related to Damavand Drainage basin) were received from Tamab Company. According to the study, the average annual bed load in Damavand Drainage basin is 46395.332 tons, the total discharge of sedimentary materials is 2783.2192 tons and the specific sediment production of the basin is on average 3665.12 tons per square kilometer. The results of this study show that Karaj Formation, due to its area in Damavand Drainage basin, has the largest share in sediment production. Manuscript profile
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        98 - textural and compositional study of sefidrud near shore sediments
        hossein baghery سعید خدابخش hamed tabatabie
        In this study efforted Using field Sampling and Sedimentary Analysis to display Textural andCompositional of Sefidrud Near shore Sediments. And with the Sedimentological parameters suchas Mean, Skewness and Sorting, sedimentary process and sediment resource distinguishe More
        In this study efforted Using field Sampling and Sedimentary Analysis to display Textural andCompositional of Sefidrud Near shore Sediments. And with the Sedimentological parameters suchas Mean, Skewness and Sorting, sedimentary process and sediment resource distinguished.Sampling and statistical analyses of the grain size distributions of coast (Back shore, Dunes, BeachRidge, Lagoon, Sand plain) and Sefid Rud river mouth sediments at various locations along thecoastline show that they varied in their mean grain size and values of sorting and skewness. Thestatistical parameters of grain size distributions thus allowed recognition of distinct subenvironments. The size distribution of such sediments suggests that the various processes that areresponsible for their transportation and deposition are wave, current and wind action and scatter plotof standard deviation versus skewness distinguished coast samples are bimodal and river samplesare polymodal. Also with detection of heavy mineral and X-Ray and sediment cross section, showthat magnetite and Illmenite and quartz, feldspar and plagioclase are the most important heavyminerals and rock fragments as respectively Manuscript profile
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        99 - The Effect of Heavy Metals (Cu, Cd, Zn, Cr , Ni) onDiversity and Density of Benthic Foraminifera in the Sediments of the Southern Coast of Caspian Sea (From Abbas-Abad to Ramsar)
        Mona Eghbali Setareh Piroozmanesh Babak Moghaddasi Masomeh Sohrabi Pargol Ghavam Mostafavi
        In order to identify and assess the relationship between Benthic Foraminifera with environmental factors andheavy metals (Pb, Cd, Zn, Ni, Cr and Cu) the effects of these metals on the variety and condensation of BenthicForaminifera on the southern coast of the Caspian S More
        In order to identify and assess the relationship between Benthic Foraminifera with environmental factors andheavy metals (Pb, Cd, Zn, Ni, Cr and Cu) the effects of these metals on the variety and condensation of BenthicForaminifera on the southern coast of the Caspian Sea (between Abas Abad and Ramsar) were studied. Sampleswere gathered in May 2012 from 5 transects at four depths (5, 10, 15 and 20 meters). The extent ofenvironmental factors of sea floor adjacent waters such as electrical conductivity (EC), salinity, temperature,acidity (pH), dissolved oxygen during sampling and concentration of heavy metals, total organic matters(T.O.M) and the diameter of sediment particles were determined through laboratory procedures. Averageconcentration for the heavy metals were Pb 48/08, Cd 3/30 and Cu 20/86,Zn 64/76, Ni 36/50 and Cr 36/92 partsper million (ppm), also the mean diameter of the sediment particles was 0/21 mm and the average percentage ofthe total organic matter was 3/59. Average water temperature near the sea floor was 26/09 ° C, EC 18/62 µs/cm,salinity 13 parts per thousand, acidity 8/34 and dissolved oxygen 9/98 milligrams per liter. Results from thedensity and diversity of Foraminifera show a dominant species of Ammonia beccarii from the four species ofbenthic. It shows that this species belongs to three genera of 3 families coming from the same line. Most of thedeposits in this region were fine sand, very fine sand, silt, and clay. Results show an increase in the frequencyand density of Foraminifera with the increase of silt and clay. Positive correlation between the diversity ofForaminifera and environmental factors like dissolved oxygen, organic matters, depth and electricalconductivity in the region under study shows an increase of condensation of this group with an increase in theextent of the factors pre-mentioned. Also a negative correlation between the diversity of Foraminifera, Zn andCr shows a decrease of condensation when these metals increase. Finally no significant difference or correlationwas seen regarding the diversity of Foraminifera, environmental factors and heavy metals. . Also Chromiumshowed noticeable difference in the depths under study as in deeper depths the amount of Cr decreased.. Finally,the existence of Benthic Foraminifera with morphological abnormalities in the structure of the crust in thisregion indicates the presence of pollution in the sea floor. Manuscript profile
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        100 - Research of discharge sediment methods in Sefidrud dam and indication optimal method
        رسول Jani علی Panahi
        According to big dam's International commit report, nowadays more than 40000 big dam exist andused to provide water, produce energy, and controlling flood .deposition destroys about 0.5 to 1percent of dams’ reservoir in every year, so building annually 200-400 gre More
        According to big dam's International commit report, nowadays more than 40000 big dam exist andused to provide water, produce energy, and controlling flood .deposition destroys about 0.5 to 1percent of dams’ reservoir in every year, so building annually 200-400 great dams is needed. Andignoring, not only cause it to become worse but also it will make solution finding harder. In thisresearch the methods of discharging sediments like dredging, current density and flushing in sefidruddam is studied. Dredging is not a suitable method because of project hard nesses and economicproblems. Current density was the limiting factor to use better of this method, because of a cut off damlocated in 150 meters far from the upstream river, so only flushing method is suitable for dischargesediment if environmental harms reduced. Manuscript profile
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        101 - Study of Microfaunistic of foraminifera in Holocene surface sediments of the Asalouyeh area – persian Gulf
        معصومه Molaei معصومه Sohrabi-Molahoseini سارا Kahrobaei-Monfared
        Considering the economic importance of this region, for the first time some studies on superficial sediments(deposits) foraminifera were carried out in this region. Purpose of these studies was to investigate effect ofenvironmental changes on foraminifera and to use the More
        Considering the economic importance of this region, for the first time some studies on superficial sediments(deposits) foraminifera were carried out in this region. Purpose of these studies was to investigate effect ofenvironmental changes on foraminifera and to use them as bio-indices in diagnosis of contaminations. In thestudies regarding foraminifera, 12 genus and14 species were identified and foraminifera with hyaline lime shellhad the greatest frequency. The main identified collection is: Ammonia beccarii Linne.And the speciesaccompanying this collection are: Amphistegina lessonii, Elphidiom crispum, Elphidiom craticulatum,Triloculina tricarinata, Quniqueloculina seminulum, Ammonia parkinsoniana, Eponides repandus, Dendritinaambigua After foraminifera with hyaline lime shell, foraminifera with selenosis progeny shell were ranked nextin terms of frequency. However, foraminifera with agglutinated shell were not observed in this region. Ingeneral, the obtained results from mineralogy studies on deposits of the ebb and flow area is the evidence thatmajor part of the sediments are related to continental environment of the detrital deposit type. In sectionecological studies, water's physicochemical factors are measured. Based on these studies, increase of water'stemperature and salinity results in decrease of solution oxygen in water and water's acidity degree. However, ingeneral, water's acidity fluctuation is slight and insignificant. The most important physicochemical factoraffecting development of foraminifera is amount of solution oxygen in water which controls their frequency anddiversity. Precipitation of oil carbohydrates and other contaminators produced by petrochemical activities in theregion ruins the bio-environment, reduces solution oxygen, and gives rise to release of heavy and toxic metals(mercury and lead) from solid state to liquid which leaves numerous negative effects on marine andenvironmental ecosystem Manuscript profile
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        102 - Biostratigraphy and Microfacies o f th e Sarvak Formation in well X-01 Bahregansar oil field, Persian Gulf
        Kiana Kiarostami Seyed Hamid Vaziri Masoomeh Sohrabi Molayosefi Bijan Noori
        Bahregansar oil field, oil fields, located on the southern slopes of the Dezful Embayment and the North West islocated in the Persian Gulf. Biostratigraphic studies in the field of 56 thin sections of limestones Sarvak has beenstudied.Formation of the 11 species of 17 g More
        Bahregansar oil field, oil fields, located on the southern slopes of the Dezful Embayment and the North West islocated in the Persian Gulf. Biostratigraphic studies in the field of 56 thin sections of limestones Sarvak has beenstudied.Formation of the 11 species of 17 genera were identified based on their fossil, three zones can be biozonszones of the things introduced by Wynd (1965) fits presented.I-Nezzazata - Alveolinids Assemblage Zone # 25 II-Rudist debris # 24 III-"Oligostegina"facies # 26These biozones indicated a Cenomanian age for the Sarvak Formation in the studied section which is composedof pelagic and neretic facies. In the studied section, the Sarvak Formation has a transitional contact with theKazhdumi Formation and i covered by the Ilam Formation di conformable. Microfiche ’ tudy indicatedthat the Sarvak Formation was deposited in open marine, barrier and lagoonal environments. These studiessuggested a carbonate platform of ramp for the formation. Manuscript profile
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        103 - The Stream Sediments and Heavy Minerals for Au-Cu Geochemical Exploration in Nahavand’s Firozan
        Vahid Rajati Mohammad Yazdi Mehrdad Behzadi Mehrdad Movahedi
        The studied area is located in the north of Nahavand’s Firozan, Sanandaj-Sirjan geological zone. The Cretaceousdacite, andesite, quartz-andesite and tuff are dominated rocks in the area.Granite and granodiorite intrusive rockshave been intruded to this complex. Th More
        The studied area is located in the north of Nahavand’s Firozan, Sanandaj-Sirjan geological zone. The Cretaceousdacite, andesite, quartz-andesite and tuff are dominated rocks in the area.Granite and granodiorite intrusive rockshave been intruded to this complex. The geochemical analysis shows anomalies of Au, Ag, As, Sb, Fe, Pb andZn. The heavy minerals are magnetite, hematite, limonite, martite, oligist, pyrite, oxidized pyrite, galena,sphalerite, native copper, azurite, barite, pyrolusite, ilmenite, rutile, anataz and leucoxene that they areprincipally affiliated with anomalous zones. Also, 18 sample from mineralized zone show that noticeablegeochemical anomaly for Au, Ag, Cu, Pb, Zn and Fe. Finally, field study, mineralography, stream sediments andheavy minerals analysis show that anomalous zone in western part of the area. Manuscript profile
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        104 - Reson of sand production on drinking wells Islamshahr town
        محمود Salari مجتبی Sayadi
        Sand production is defined as the extraction of amounts of fine grain sand and silt while drilling andexploitations of wells. This phenomenon has resulted in quantity, quality, engineering, and environmentalproblems within parts of the country. The villages of Islamshah More
        Sand production is defined as the extraction of amounts of fine grain sand and silt while drilling andexploitations of wells. This phenomenon has resulted in quantity, quality, engineering, and environmentalproblems within parts of the country. The villages of Islamshahr province are among such regions withinthe country which have been facing this problem in recent years. The goal of this study is to introduce thisissue and to explore the reasons, and quantify sand production in 10 fresh water wells within the villages ofIslamshahrprovince. In this respect, according to the measurements made within five consecutive cycles ina day(starting point, one, four, eight, and twelve hours) using well head facilities from 1stBahman 1389untillAban 1390, during which it was proved that HassanabadKhalese, Malekabad, and Shatereh villageslocated in the southern part of the province do exhibit fine grain sediments which as with the start ofpumping and after 4 hours, the sand production reduces ; however after 12 hours of the starting point, sandproduction increases. Although within the northern, and north western regions of Islamshahr province (forinstance Ahmadabad Mostofi, FiroozBahram, and Goldasteh,…) which exhibit coarse sediments, as thestarting point and after four hours, sand production deemed to be major while after 12 hours of pumping ,this amount decreases. Therefore it is recommended to reduce sand production by use of the natural welldevelopments based on proper leaching, pumping tests using controlled motor cycles, artificialdevelopment including the implementation of sandy gravel pack, and double gravel pack, along with duallayering of wells, and application of polymer pipes, and sieving filters. Manuscript profile
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        105 - Facieses and depositional environment of cretaceous in south east of Tehran (north west of Bibisharbanoo mountain)
        GH Mohammadi
        Cretaceous rock out crops in south east of Tehran and north west of Bibisharbanoo Mountains with120 m in thickness composed of compact white limestone rocks and light red limestone rocks withEchinoderms and Braciupods and at the end of sequence thickness white or red ca More
        Cretaceous rock out crops in south east of Tehran and north west of Bibisharbanoo Mountains with120 m in thickness composed of compact white limestone rocks and light red limestone rocks withEchinoderms and Braciupods and at the end of sequence thickness white or red calcareous layer with alat of gastropods and foraminifer are completing this sequence. Field and microscopic (petrographic)studies led to tecognition 8 carbonate.Facieses A (bioclastice mudstone) with pelagic bioclasts.Facieses B (bioclastic wackston) with pelagic bioclasts.Facieses C (bioclastic packstone) with pelagic bioclasts.Facieses (A B C) indicates medium to relatively deep marine environments (open marine)Facieses D (bioclastic grindstone) and E (intraclastic grindstone )indicates high energy.Environment (barrier)Facieses F (bioclastic packs tone) with bentic bioclasts.Facieses G (bioclastic wacks tone) woth bentic bioclasts.Facieses H (peloid wacks tone) with bentic bioclast indicates lagoon environment.These facieses indicates a carbonate basinet in shape in shape homoclinal ramp. Manuscript profile
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        106 - Stratabound copper occurrence in Shalapo sandstone Of western Lut
        عزت Eslamizadeh SH Samanirad Shohreh Hasanpour
        The study area is situated at the western part of Lut desert and southern Tabas block. The existing red bedsincluding Upper Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous marl, mudstone, siltstone, sandstone and conglomerates are inKerman continental red formation and parts of Bidu and Gerd More
        The study area is situated at the western part of Lut desert and southern Tabas block. The existing red bedsincluding Upper Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous marl, mudstone, siltstone, sandstone and conglomerates are inKerman continental red formation and parts of Bidu and Gerdu formations. The host rock is a sub-maturelitharenite or calcic subarenite. The intergrowth of the coarse chalcocite and fine covellite crystals as darknodules filled the cavities and open spaces of the rocks. The mineral paragenesis is rutile, chalcocite, covelliteand malachite. Mineralization occurred in the lower sandstone due to dissolution and leaching the copper at thesurface layers and shift downward to the reduction zone beneath the water table. The copper amount is 1.5% andsilver is 11 ppm. According to the current study, Shalapo is a stratabound sediment-hosted copper deposit. Manuscript profile
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        107 - Geochemistry of Stream Sediments and Heavy Minerals Determination in Karghan area, NW Bostanabad
        Fazel Khaleghi Arash Mohammadi Kardoust
        Karghan Area is located in East Azarbaijan province, southeast of Tabriz and northwest of Bostanabad city. Based on the division of the structural zones of Iran, it is part of the Alborz-Azarbaijan zone. The most important geological units in the studied area are shale, More
        Karghan Area is located in East Azarbaijan province, southeast of Tabriz and northwest of Bostanabad city. Based on the division of the structural zones of Iran, it is part of the Alborz-Azarbaijan zone. The most important geological units in the studied area are shale, marl and limestone (Cretaceous), Sahand volcanic products of the age of Pliocene-Pliocoscene, Granitic intrusive, Gabrodiorite and Monzogranite, old terraces and Quaternary sediments. Regarding the spread of the area, 29 geochemical stream sediment samples and 29 heavy mineral samples were taken from the places. The anomalies of arsenic, barium, copper, lead and zinc in the region are represented by their statistical distribution type. The most important heavy minerals with lithological origin were zircon, amphibole and pyroxene. Heavy minerals of pyrite, magnetite and hematite are attributed to the mineralization holes. Heavy mineral studies indicate occurrence of malachite-copper mineralization in the region. Considering the observed anomalies in the stream sediments and heavy minerals, it is recommended detail exploration in the area. Manuscript profile
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        108 - Valuation potential of water quality in occurrence of sedimentation and corrosion in drinking water facilities in Goybolagh village, Malard city
        سمیه KHamisabadi Mohammad Manshori مجتبی Sayadi محمود Salari
        The objective of this article is introducing the sedimentation and precipitate potential of fresh water in guybolagh region placed on the north west of Shahriar – Tehran. (Rainfall year 1390). This research is done by thedescriptive method, part time period and us More
        The objective of this article is introducing the sedimentation and precipitate potential of fresh water in guybolagh region placed on the north west of Shahriar – Tehran. (Rainfall year 1390). This research is done by thedescriptive method, part time period and use of RAYZNER and saturation parameter and SHULER diagram.In this study these parameters: (alkalinity, calcium hardness, electrical connectivity, temperature and PH) wereanalyzed. The results of experiments and calculations suggest it hand and average saturation index versus 0/54,and the average index rayzner against 13/7 is. Based on a standard table ministry of health figures indicatedeposition and slightly corrosive drinking water wells in the village Guy Bolagh is based on results andaccomplishment ,the fresh water of this region is sedimental and a little corrosion that this factor is influenced byregions geology and continent features. So in the area of water quality parameters based on PH, alkalinity,hardness and … should be Occur. In this regard, use of corrosion resistant materials and pipes and consider usingincendiary devices deposition. Manuscript profile
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        109 - Investigating the amounts of sediment pollutants of the Karaj River in the area of Eslamshahr (southern Tehran) and their adverse effects on the surrounding environm
        Farahnaz Karimzadeh Maryam Khodabakhshi Behnosh Khoshmanesh Afshar Ziyazarifi
        Eslamshahr is located in the south of Tehran, bounded by Tehran in the north, by Rey County in the east, by Robat Karim in the south and by Shahriar County in the west. The most important river is named the Karaj River. In the research sediment samples were analyzed to More
        Eslamshahr is located in the south of Tehran, bounded by Tehran in the north, by Rey County in the east, by Robat Karim in the south and by Shahriar County in the west. The most important river is named the Karaj River. In the research sediment samples were analyzed to determine the concentration of Ni, Cr, Cd, Zn, Pb, Cu, As , and Fe elements. The sediments of the Karaj River are contaminated by zinc, copper, and in some stations by lead and arsenic. The Conclusion of the analysis of the principle component is compatible with the results from the cluster analysis and based on the statistical analyses performed, one can say that iron, nickel, chrome and zing have a common source (natural). Common sources (anthropogenic) are found for copper and arsenic as well as a separate source (anthropogenic) for cadmium. The results show that not all the elements are enriched in the stations. According to the results from the geoaccumulation Index, the amounts of zinc, copper and nickel are in the polluted range at some stations and in the non-polluted to medium pollution ranges at other stations. The pollution of cadmium, lead and arsenic are in the medium to strong pollution range. The amount of chrome is also in the non-polluted range and at some stations in the medium to strong pollution range and at station 13 in the strong pollution range. The values for the degree of pollution show that cadmium has a very high pollution degree, chrome and nickel have medium pollution degrees, and copper, arsenic, lead and zing have considerable pollution degrees. The pollution factor is low to medium in all the stations. The possible source of zinc and copper elements is the household waste and wastewater discharge into the Karaj River. Increased concentrations of arsenic in Salur and Saveh Road stations indicates the impacts of agricultural pesticides and the increased concentration of lead is due to the vehicles passing by the river. Manuscript profile
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        110 - Qualitative changes Trend (in terms of sedimentation and corrosion) in drinking water of three villages of Sarbandan, Jaban and Ayinehvarzan, in Damavand area
        Farzaneh Ghodrati Mohammad Manshouri Mojtaba Syyadi Mahmoud Salari
        An intensive decrease has been occurred in discharge of drinking waters in some of villages of Damavand citywhich caused dramatical changes in quality and quantity drinking water of these wells. This research tries tostudy probable qualitative changes in these resources More
        An intensive decrease has been occurred in discharge of drinking waters in some of villages of Damavand citywhich caused dramatical changes in quality and quantity drinking water of these wells. This research tries tostudy probable qualitative changes in these resources, as well as evaluating role of qualitative condition of waterin reduction of its quantity. According to the conducted studies, reduction in quantity of wells of the villages canbe attributed to two reasons: 1. Tectonic factors and geology of the region; 2. Chemical factor. Geological andtectonic studies revealed that tectonic factors had no effect on reduced discharge and quality, because tectonicfunctions linearly, while this was a point event. Therefore, it is more likely that there is a relation betweenchanges in quality and chemical factors and conditions. Finally, based on physical and chemical analysis ofwater samples and calculation of Langelier’s index and Rayzanar’s index on one hand, and study of geologicalformations, especially sequences of sediments in north of the region, with most frequent facies being chilefollowed by carbonated, dolomite facies, on the other hand. it can be said that water of studied wells makesediments. Therefore, study of hydrochemical conditions of groundwater of the studied zone, persistentmonitoring of ground water, videometery of wells, persistent discharge measurement, and identification ofsediment of pipe wall are recommended. Also, application of proper methods such as waterjet, ultrasound, acidpickling, and magnetic air shock (separately, or in hybrid manner) results in dissolution of sediments formed onthe wall of well. Manuscript profile
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        111 - Sediment and erosion studies using experimental models and compare them using statistical methods in Kan and Darakeh subbasins
        Nastaran Keyhani Khalil Rezaei Seyed Hamid Vaziri Ali Naeimi Nezam Abad
        One of the major problems in the integrated management of watersheds is soil erosion and Sediment. The controlof this problem requires precise studies; quantitative data to determine critical and prone to erosion areas. Thus,an analysis of rate of erosion and sediment p More
        One of the major problems in the integrated management of watersheds is soil erosion and Sediment. The controlof this problem requires precise studies; quantitative data to determine critical and prone to erosion areas. Thus,an analysis of rate of erosion and sediment production using GIS techniques and experimental methods, such asEPM and MPSIAC seems necessary. In this study, we tried to use these two models to determine the amount ofsediment and erosion-prone areas in the two sub watersheds overlooking the city of Tehran; Kan and Darakeh torecognize where necessary for conservation operations. Finally with use geostatics operations, two models werecompared. The results show the most values of erosion are in Tuffy, Shaly Parts of sub watersheds correlatedwith sensitive formation such as Karaj. Based on map of MPSIAC model more than 50% of the total subwatersheds area was classified at class high of erosion category with 373.78 m3∕km2 per year for Kan and 483m3∕km2 per year for Darakeh sedimentation. Sub-basins’ erosion were calculated as 683.2 m3∕km2 per year forKan and 792.5 m3∕km2 per year for Darakeh by EPM models. The results of statistical compare of erosion ofMPSIAC and EPM models show that, there is no significant different between erosion estimate by MPSIACmodel and real erosion measure, but the erosion estimate by EPM model have a significant different. SomMPSIAC model may have better performance. Manuscript profile
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        112 - The efficiency of the geographic information system in preparing the erosion map And provide erosion control methods
        Ebrahim Yousefi Mobarhan
        Today soil erosion is considered a danger to human and life. In areas where erosion is not controlled, soils gradually erode and lose their fertility, so it is necessary to study the issue of erosion. According to a study conducted in the Masouleh watershed, there are t More
        Today soil erosion is considered a danger to human and life. In areas where erosion is not controlled, soils gradually erode and lose their fertility, so it is necessary to study the issue of erosion. According to a study conducted in the Masouleh watershed, there are two types of erosion intensity called type 3 or moderate erosion with an area of ​​28.15 km2, type 4 or high erosion with an area of ​​13.79 km2. The predominant forms of erosion in the region include mechanical, surface erosion, furrows, waterways and deposits. According to this study, the average amount of erosion based on Mpsiac method in this field is 4.81 tons per hectare per year, sediment delivery ratio (SDR) is 74.3 and the average amount of sediment in this field is 3.85 tons per hectare per year. It indicates moderate erosion and sedimentation in the whole area and high in some sub-fields. To control erosion and reduce production sediment in this area, various programs include holding training courses for people in dealing with nature, implementing management programs (including applying grazing systems, balancing livestock and pastures, development and medicinal plants), and conducting biological operations ( It has been suggested for rangelanding in the form of sowing, sowing, mulching and planting in a non-productive way) and mechanical operations (including the construction of mortar stone dams, gabions, dry land, etc.) have been proposed. Manuscript profile
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        113 - The use of geographic information system and remote sensing in evaluating the effects of watershed management projects implemented in the Rimleh Watershed of Khorramabad City.
        Ebrahim Karimi Sangchini SeyedAbdolhossein Arami Ebrahim Yousefi Mobarhan
        Evaluating the implemented watershed projects and providing a perspective of their performance results provide managers and decision-makers with appropriate information for long-term planning. Nowadays, by using powerful remote sensing software and geographic informatio More
        Evaluating the implemented watershed projects and providing a perspective of their performance results provide managers and decision-makers with appropriate information for long-term planning. Nowadays, by using powerful remote sensing software and geographic information system, the necessary calculations can be done with more accuracy and speed. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the effects of watershed management projects implemented in the Rimeleh Watershed using geographic information system and remote sensing in terms of erosion, sedimentation, and runoff. EPM model was used to predict erosion before and after the implementation of watershed projects. American Soil Conservation Society (SCS) curve number method was used to calculate the runoff before and after implementation of watershed management plans. The CN coefficient was calculated for two applications prepared in 1370 and the current one. The paired t-test was used to investigate the statistical difference between the difference in production runoff and the amount of erosion and sedimentation before and after the implementation of watershed projects. The amount of total annual erosion and sedimentation in current conditions have decreased by an average of 6793 cubic meters and 5712 tons, respectively, compared to before the implementation of watershed protection plans. The amount of difference in the volume of annual runoff between before the implementation of the plans and the current conditions is on average about 15256 cubic meters. The results of the paired t-test showed that the watershed protection measures implemented in the Rimeleh Watershed have been able to create a significant difference in reducing erosion, sedimentation and production runoff, and the general conclusion is that these measures have had a significant positive effect in reducing erosion, sedimentation, and production runoff. Manuscript profile
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        114 - Investigation of accumulation and pollution of heavy metals (mercury, lead, nickel and vanadium) related to oil and petrochemical industries in mud and sandy sediments in the Creek of Mahshar
        samira esmaili Mahnaz sadat sadeghi mozhgan emtyazjoo
        Pollution of aquatic ecosystems with heavy metals is one of the global problems in developed countries. In this study, we investigated the concentrations of heavy metals nickel, lead, mercury and vanadium by sampling sediments using Vane Veen Grab at depths of 5, 10 and More
        Pollution of aquatic ecosystems with heavy metals is one of the global problems in developed countries. In this study, we investigated the concentrations of heavy metals nickel, lead, mercury and vanadium by sampling sediments using Vane Veen Grab at depths of 5, 10 and 15 meters from 4 stations including estuary Musa, Ahmadi, Ghazaleh and Ghanam in the port. Imam Khomeini was paid in 1396. Based on the results of this study, it was found that the average concentration of metals in different stations 38.79 to 64.17 for nickel, 2.23 to 13.18 for lead, 0.87 to 8.12 for mercury and 39.32 to 62.26 μg / g was obtained for vanadium. The results of one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that the concentration of metals in different stations was significantly different (P <0.05), the highest concentration was related to nickel and the lowest was related to mercury.. The results of ANOVA test showed that the concentration of metals was significantly different in sediment particles (P <0.05). The highest concentration of metals was observed in clay particles. There was no significant difference between metal concentrations at different depths (P> 0.05). Igeo was calculated to evaluate the level of metal pollution and based on this index, it was determined that Musa and Ahmadi estuaries are contaminated with respect to all metals, Ghazaleh estuary with respect to mercury and nickel, but Ghanam estuary is not contaminated. Manuscript profile
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        115 - Statistical studies and investigation of environmental contamination of arsenic in stream sediments of Zaylik area, southeast of Ahar
        Abolfazl Hasanzadeh Koulani Somayeh Baharlouei Yancheshmeh
        AbstractAccording to the statistical studies that were carried out in the Zylik mineralization zone, most of the samples collected from stream sediments show the concentration of arsenic (As) and antimony (Sb) higher than their Clarke concentration (Clarke number or cla More
        AbstractAccording to the statistical studies that were carried out in the Zylik mineralization zone, most of the samples collected from stream sediments show the concentration of arsenic (As) and antimony (Sb) higher than their Clarke concentration (Clarke number or clarke is the relative abundance of a chemical element, typically in Earth's crust). Also, according to the United States environmental protection agency (U.S. EPA) report, these values are higher than its standard for residential and industrial areas. According to the geochemical distribution map of these elements, the highest concentration of arsenic (As) is in the north and northeast and antimony (Sb) is in the north, south and east of the study area. It seems that this enrichment corresponds to the streams passing through the siliceous veins and caps in the north of the region. Therefore, this area can be the source of environmental contamination, which affects the ecosystem as a result. Manuscript profile
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        116 - Factors Affecting the Efficiency of Hydraulic Flushing in Storm System for Sedimentation Control: A Review
        Geok Teng Leong Charles Hin Joo Bong
        10.22094/joie.2022.1951664.1936
        Manuscript profile
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        117 - Analysis of the Earth Dams Function against the Effects of Long-Term Deposition in Reservoirs (Polrood Earth Dam-Guilan Province)
        Mahdi keshavarz Nasser Shamskia
        Manuscript profile
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        118 - Effectiveness of Watershed Operations in Controlling Erosion and Sedimentation Using MPSIAC Experimental Model (Case Study: Saqezchi-Chay Watershed, Ardabil Province)
        Rouhallah Dabiri Hirad Abghari Ardavan Ghorbani
        During the recent decades, the loss of water and soil resources in watersheds due to their inappropriate exploitation has become increasingly intense, this issue has reduced the production and useful life of reservoirs and increased the amount of sediment production. To More
        During the recent decades, the loss of water and soil resources in watersheds due to their inappropriate exploitation has become increasingly intense, this issue has reduced the production and useful life of reservoirs and increased the amount of sediment production. Today, with the advancement of technology, examining the impact of projects by measuring the effective parameters and studying how to achieve the goals are part of the basic principles of project evaluation. In this study, according to the implemented mechanical and biological operations, the role of watershed operations in controlling erosion and sedimentation in the Saqezchi-chay watershed of Ardabil province was investigated and compared using the MPSIAC method before and after the operation. In this model, 9 effective factors in erosion have been considered, each of which has a score depending on its intensity and weakness, and finally, taking these scores into account, the sedimentation rate of the area is considered. The results of the research show a relative decrease in erosion and sedimentation in the area of watershed operations and, on the other hand, an increase in erosion and sedimentation in other areas without watershed operations, which indicates the positive effect of watershed operations in increasing vegetation and soil protection. Also, the implemented watershed management measures, in addition to increasing the concentration time in the watershed and groundwater feeding, have played an important role in preventing the reduction of the storage volume of the Saqezachi dam. The results indicate the effectiveness of watershed projects in reducing sedimentation in the study area; In such a way that the amount of erosion in the watershed has changed significantly. Manuscript profile
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        119 - Regional modeling of relationship between sediment yield and vegetation cover in Sabalan mountain catchments
        Sayyad Asghari saraskanroud Mahdi Jadidoleslami ghalehno
        The knowledge about spatial relationships of vegetation with sediment yield (S.Y) in watersheds is essential for optimal controlling and managing of water and soil resources. The purpose of this study was to recognize and determine the relationship between vegetation co More
        The knowledge about spatial relationships of vegetation with sediment yield (S.Y) in watersheds is essential for optimal controlling and managing of water and soil resources. The purpose of this study was to recognize and determine the relationship between vegetation cover and annual S.Y of Sabalan catchments, N.W Iran. In this regard, the possibility of presentation of regional S.Y estimation models based on correlation and regression analysis were considered. Independent variables include average, minimum and maximum NDVI (Normalized Differential Vegetation Index), extracted through the processing of Landsa.t 8 satellite imagery in the ENVI environment. The dependent variable, which was the annual S.Y, was obtained through calculations on sediment load data of 10 sample hydrometric stations. Results of correlation test showed that there was a strong and significant relationship between the average NDVI and the annual S.Y in the catchments (r = -0/758). This inverse relationship emphasizes the importance and apparent role of vegetation in reducing sediment production and transporting in the region. Moreover, the results of regression tests showed that is possible to present the regional estimation models regards to annual S.Y by fitting linear, quadratic and power functions. In this regard, the quadratic model has the highest performance and explain 75% of the annual S.Y variance. The linear relationship was also able to explain 57% of the annual sedimentary variance. Manuscript profile
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        120 - Discharge Estimates and Paleofloods of the stag Sirvan river with using geomorphological evidence and torrential
        Mohammadhosein Rezaei moghadam Mohammad Reza Nikjo Davod Mokhtari Saied Reza HosinZadeh Hesam Maleki
        The outbreak of the severe floods, one of the most important hazards hydro - Geomorphic is the Sirvan River catchment. Sirvan River as one of the most significant rivers is located in the west. D More
        The outbreak of the severe floods, one of the most important hazards hydro - Geomorphic is the Sirvan River catchment. Sirvan River as one of the most significant rivers is located in the west. During the last half century, especially in the spring severely flooded and many local experts melted snow and rain cause flooding intensifies over the day. To review the issue better flood data longer needed in this paper, using geomorphological data and flood reconstruction has been flooding. For the purposes of this paper, using satellite images stagnant water deposits and geomorphological evidences flood potential sites were identified. The river was divided into three periods, and the exact field visits to sites of stagnant water deposits on the sediment stratigraphy analysis was. With the mapping, map 1: 1000 area of study were produced and a total of 48 Section in three intervals, drawn and flood discharge was reconstructed in different periods. Software HEC-RAS, GIS was used to draw schematics and hydraulic analyzes. The maximum flood discharge for a period of 2 years, 103.66 and 4785.78 cubic meters per second for 1000-year period has been estimated as. Palangan in the first period, water level in the 2-year period, 1005.36 m 989.57 m and for the period of 1000 years. And the second period, Dalamarz border, for a period of 2 years, 868.42 m and for the period of 1000 years of 885.91 m. The third open Rodbar, water level in the 2-year period, 790.17 meters and 830.42 meters respectively for a period of 1000 years. Estimated maximum instantaneous flow old river floods showed that large floods is not unexpected. The results showed that using the Paleo stage indicator of PSI, the large floods (Discharge maximum) in the river channel using hydraulic model HEC-RAS and HEC-GEO-RAS estimated Software included and explained Manuscript profile
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        121 - Examine The Types and Severity of Erosion In The Sub-Basins Watershed Navrood
        Tahereh Fatolazadeh
        Basins in terms of geology, climate and other factors on the roughness and erosion are very different, the aim of this study was to evaluate Navrood watershed erosion, erosion rate, sediment yield and factors in the relationship between the physiographic features, topog More
        Basins in terms of geology, climate and other factors on the roughness and erosion are very different, the aim of this study was to evaluate Navrood watershed erosion, erosion rate, sediment yield and factors in the relationship between the physiographic features, topography, climate, geology, geomorphology, vegetation, soil erosion is generally determined. The basin has an area of about 265/46 square kilometers. The aim of this study was to evaluate the erosion and sediment production in the watershed and to find the sensitive areas of erosion. To achieve the above objective, the erosion potential (EPM) was used for data collection. The data collection tools, aerial photos, map types, methods and library sources are observed. In this study, using EPM (Erosion Potential Method) erosion rate in each sub-basin (sub-basin 11) has been investigated. In relation to the regional geomorphologic outcrop s is composed of 15 types. By integrating them into the structure of the slope, lithology and resistance to wear and combine them work units respectively. The erosion rate and sediment production in each experimental work units using EPM (quantitative) took place. Based on the results obtained, the following basins 4 and 5 of erosion is most severe erosion (erosion rate of 0/24 and 0/22). The highest sediment than the other sub-basins have been allocated. Because of the large number of specific erosion and deposition in the sub-basin, sub-basin compared to other high slopes and rock sensitivity to erosion, Switch, grassland and forest degradation, road-building. Manuscript profile
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        122 - Tectonic Effect on morphometric and sorting sediments In Gheshlagh River
        Hadi Nayyeri Khabat Amani Akhtar Amani
        Tectonic activity in crushed stone is effective and often lead to changes in morphometry and river deposits are sorted. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect on active tectonics and faults and sorted sediment barriers between theGheshlaghdam and Zhavh dam usin More
        Tectonic activity in crushed stone is effective and often lead to changes in morphometry and river deposits are sorted. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect on active tectonics and faults and sorted sediment barriers between theGheshlaghdam and Zhavh dam using descriptive and analytical. In order to achieve the objectives of the first field studies and tools such as topographic maps of 1: 25,000 geological map of 1: 100,000 and reports were available. Methods In this way, at the intersection of faults and river sediment samples were collected. After drying sample, the shaker set in seven scale and position and dispersion measures were calculated for each sample. The results show that an increase in the slope of the ground faults and increase power and speed of the water as a result of the selective transport of sediment particles and a sharpdecline is sorted. Manuscript profile
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        123 - Survey Nontectonic and Erosion in Kor – Chamriz Watershed by use Quantitative Models
        Saeed Negahban Azame Hidari
        soil erosion is one of the most important factors that a large part of the territory of the country annual threat and reduce the quality of agricultural land and destroys the same addressing the problem of soil erosion and management strategies for prevention and weakne More
        soil erosion is one of the most important factors that a large part of the territory of the country annual threat and reduce the quality of agricultural land and destroys the same addressing the problem of soil erosion and management strategies for prevention and weakness of the negative effects it is important, Also in area where  neo tectonic movements caused by tectonic activity in the area and shape responses to these impacts will occur and continue drainage area in a regional tectonic model net work waters effect drainage patterns and drainage net work and is heavily influenced this study attempts to investigate these dement delivery and activities in neo tectonics in Koor - chamriz basin its  north western Fars province. The investigation method in this study was based on applicable goal and related to descriptive- analytic method and approach. The results show that the development of geological formations susceptible Vf (1/33 and 1/42) and Bs (2/02) in the drainage system and causes erosion and sedimentation in the basin. The results of morphometric data of the drainage system, geometry, with some indicators to evaluate the susceptibility to erosion groove area and empirical formulas for estimating the extent and severity of damage and sediment deposition in the region. Erosive average annual rainfall in the basin, 502/6383 ha estimated and indicated that soil erosion. 16.6average acidity of soil in the basin is for ideal for growing plant Manuscript profile
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        124 - A review on soil erosion and sediment fingerprinting studies
        kazem nosrati Mostafa Amini
        Suspended sediments originated from nonpoint sources in the fluvial and the catchment which they are different on spatial and temporal scales. Fingerprinting of sediment process focus on methods that researchers able to discriminate sediment sources using composite and More
        Suspended sediments originated from nonpoint sources in the fluvial and the catchment which they are different on spatial and temporal scales. Fingerprinting of sediment process focus on methods that researchers able to discriminate sediment sources using composite and extracted samples from river and basin. Interesting to this method has been increased as a erosion and sediment technique, as well as tools for completing of old method of water erosion with regarding to identifying of sediment sources, sediment delivery in the river at various spatial and temporal scale and estimation of soil erosion using existing tracers in the soil and sediment. This research emphasis on the used techniques and methods, mixing model and utilities of various tracers in the erosion and sediment studies focusing on sediment fingerprinting in the world and Iran in order to reviewing of performed studies researchers able to be familiar with existing models, tracers and new technologies and find track of soil and sediment studies focusing on fingerprinting. Result of review showed that cohesive studies of soil and sediment with regarding to new methodology started since 60th decade and studies have been performed in large, medium and small scale basin, hillslope, plot and experimental scale with techniques such as radionuclide decay, earth rare element, magnetic properties of soils, other tracers and fingerprinting. This research reviews and introduces erosion and sediment models, fingerprinting models, existing tracers and sampling methods and new soil and sediment technologies of Iran (patents). Manuscript profile
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        125 - Optimization equation sediment rating curves in sediment discharge rate using particle swarm algorithm (PSO) and annealing (SA) (Case Study Bijar station)
        alireza Vafaeinejad zahra chatsimab samira bloori farshad mirdar harijani
        Erosion and sediment transport in rivers is one of the most important and complex issue. This special effects on water quality indices, floor and sides of the river action and also damages the development projects inserted to better estimate the suspended sediment ratin More
        Erosion and sediment transport in rivers is one of the most important and complex issue. This special effects on water quality indices, floor and sides of the river action and also damages the development projects inserted to better estimate the suspended sediment rating curve equation is based on the equation coefficients be optimized. One of the sediment rating curve coefficients optimization methods, the use of met heuristic respectively. This study optimization algorithm and particle swarm optimization equipment for sediment rating curve coefficients for the stations and Bijar The results of these models with sediment rating curves respectively. To calculate sediment discharge, required data such as water discharge and sediment concentration measured at study stations is collected Algorithm optimization models particles and refrigeration were coded in MATLAB software. After the models were trained with 70 percent of the data, 15 percent of the data was tested in Bijar station. Standard models to evaluate the coefficient of determination, Nash coefficient and root mean square error, respectively. Minimum amount of root mean square error and then annealing the lie to the amount of 19.7 tons per day. Manuscript profile
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        126 - Channel bed unsteady analysis using critical shear stress and critical unit discharge (Case Study: Rivers Galali, Kurdistan)
        میلاد رستمی Mohammad Mehdi Hosainzade
        One of the key issues of erosion and stability of the river is the beginning the movement of sediment particles. Flow that will start moving particle, called the critical flow. The initial move threshold sediment particles has been investigated in several different meth More
        One of the key issues of erosion and stability of the river is the beginning the movement of sediment particles. Flow that will start moving particle, called the critical flow. The initial move threshold sediment particles has been investigated in several different methods, most important of which are the average critical velocity, critical shear stress and critical unit discharge. To investigate the stability of the Galali river bed sediments in the according to river conditions used the critical shear stress and critical unit discharge methods. To determine initial move threshold sediment particles in the bed of the river were two cross-section of the river, two cross-section conditions were assessed. After that, the critical shear stress and critical unit discharge for four particle size D16, D50, D84 and D95 in each cross-section was calculated, and showed that in cross-section (1,2) in the bankfull discharge conditions all particles with sizes D16, D50, D84 and D95 begin to moving, and so in the bankfull discharge, sediment conditions will generally change. In cross-section (3) particles with a diameter D95 and the more it will be remain stable in the river bed, and other smaller particles of this size are starting to move. Due to further slope of the bed and width less active channel in the cross-section (1,2) has caused that all particles are unstable. Finally, the results from both methods were highly concordant, and this confirms that the use of these methods for stabilizes studies and sediment yield of river are appropriate. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        127 - Study of changes in water resource components and sediment rates of Atrak Watershed before and after the Shirin dareh dam Building Using SWAT, calibration and model uncertainty
        mahboobeh Hajibigloo
        Calibration and analysis of model uncertainty were performed using SUFI-2 program. P-factor, R-factor, br2 and r2 indices were used to evaluate the ability of SWAT model to simulate runoff and sediment before Shirin Dareh dam construction and after Shirin Dareh dam cons More
        Calibration and analysis of model uncertainty were performed using SUFI-2 program. P-factor, R-factor, br2 and r2 indices were used to evaluate the ability of SWAT model to simulate runoff and sediment before Shirin Dareh dam construction and after Shirin Dareh dam construction. The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficiency of SWAT model in estimating average daily flow and sediment concentration and calibration and validation of this model in Atrak watershed located in North Khorasan Razavi province. The results showed that the monthly runoff before shirindare dam building coefficients in calibration P-factor, R-factor, br2 and r2 at the outlet to the 0.73, 1.15, 0.53 and 0.56 and in validation stage 0.77, 1.3, 0.48 and 0.58 respectively. The values for calibration of sediment concentration at the outlet, respectively, 1.58, 2.15, 0.98 0.25, and 0.47 respectively at the stage of validation is 2.5, 0.32 and 0.57. The output produced by the model, Shirin dareh sub-basin to be known as the most erosion. The high annual sediment into the reservoir of the dam and the shelf life is reduced. The results showed that SWAT simulated runoff much better than sediment. The reasons for model poor for simulation of sediment load can be Flow Low simulation, few data, use sediment information Discontinuity can be mentioned. Manuscript profile
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        128 - River floor instability analysis using critical shear stress and discharge critical unit (Galali river case study, Qorve, Kurdistan)
        Mohammad Mehdi Hoseinzadeh Milad Rostami
        One of the key issues of erosion and stability of the river is the beginning the movement of sediment particles. River sediment yield caused water turbidity, nutrients and pollution problems of water, buried in the water diversion facilities as well as filling the water More
        One of the key issues of erosion and stability of the river is the beginning the movement of sediment particles. River sediment yield caused water turbidity, nutrients and pollution problems of water, buried in the water diversion facilities as well as filling the water storage lakes. Flow that will start moving particle, called the critical flow. The initial move threshold sediment particles has been investigated in several different methods, most important of which are the average critical velocity, critical shear stress and critical unit discharge. To investigate the stability of the Galali river bed sediments in the city of Qorveh, according to river conditions used the critical shear stress and critical unit discharge methods. To determine initial move threshold sediment particles in the bed of the river were two cross-section of the river, two cross-section conditions were assessed. After that, the critical shear stress and critical unit discharge for four particle size D16, D50, D84 and D95 in each cross-section was calculated, and showed that in cross-section (1,2) in the bankfull discharge conditions all particles with sizes D16, D50, D84 and D95 begin to moving, and so in the bankfull discharge, sediment conditions will generally change. In cross-section (3) particles with a diameter D95 and the more it will be remain stable in the river bed, and other smaller particles of this size are starting to move. Due to further slope of the bed and width less active channel in the cross-section (1,2) has caused that all particles are unstable. Finally, the results from both methods were highly concordant, and this confirms that the use of these methods for stabilizes studies and sediment yield of river are appropriate.  Manuscript profile
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        129 - Determining Mathematical relationship between Sediment delivery ratio and Watershed Factors
        Masoud Nasri ali najafi
        Abstract In watershed studies, erosion and sedimentation is very important. Sediment yield is different I different watersheds. Sediment yield is influenced by different climatic, topographic and anthropogenic factors. This study aims to represent a mathematical relatio More
        Abstract In watershed studies, erosion and sedimentation is very important. Sediment yield is different I different watersheds. Sediment yield is influenced by different climatic, topographic and anthropogenic factors. This study aims to represent a mathematical relationship between sediment delivery ratio and watershed characteristics of Ghohrood and zavarian Z4 watersheds with different climatic and rainfall regimes, land use patterns and socio- economic features, where erosion and sediment yield have been estimated using EPM and PSIAC methods. Next, sediment delivery ratio was calculated for each basin and its mathematical relationship to basin characteristics was developed.This relationship was stablished between 32 physiographic, land use and hydr-climateic features as independent and SDR as dependent variable. Results indicated that among 9 independent features, area equivalent diameter, and sum of channel length have the highest role in SDR. In order to evaluate the accuracy and efficiency of the model to predict SDR,it was applied for Hossein Abad Neyzar basin. The correlation between SDR and empirical EPM and MPSIAC results and regression-based SDR estimation showed the efficiency and accuracy of the proposed method to use for the region and western-central hillslopes of Zagros and Alburz Mountains. Manuscript profile
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        130 - Assessment of soil erosion and watershed prioritization using empirical models EPM and MPSIAC (Case Study: Aro watershed)
        reza bayat maryam rostami
        Abstract Identification,  evaluation  and  prioritization  of  different  areas  can  produce  valuable information for the watershed comprehensive plans, soil conservation and mitigation of the erosion types based on amoun More
        Abstract Identification,  evaluation  and  prioritization  of  different  areas  can  produce  valuable information for the watershed comprehensive plans, soil conservation and mitigation of the erosion types based on amount of erosion and sedimentation. This study used the MPSIAC and EPM models as a comparison and prioritization to estimate erosion and sediment   in   the   Aro   Watershed   Basin.   Required   data   regarding   the   natural characteristics  of  studying  the  watershed  basin  was  provided  from  comprehensive studies  of Hableh-Rood  basin  and  field  studies.  By using the required  factors,  the amount of erosion was calculated in both the models. In the MPSIAC model, erosion was calculated to be 451 m3/km2/y, whereas sediment was calculated as 233 m3/km2/y. However, the rate of erosion in the EPM model was estimated to be 378 m3/km2/y and for sediment, it was 200 m3/km2/y. The results showed that in some subbasins there was good correlation between the MPSIAC and EPM models, however in areas with high erosion the EPM model has less certainty than the MPSIAC model. The highest area was moderate class in the both of models and both of erosion and sediment in terms of spatial distribution. The results showed that EPM and MPSIAC model have not good agreement in the all classes. Prioritization of the hydrologic units showed that A4 unit in the EPM model and A-1-4-3 unit in the MPSIAC model allocated maximum of amount of erosion and deposition, in this area. Manuscript profile
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        131 - Determine the most appropriate corrective method to estimate suspended sediment load (Case Study: Tange Bostanak Watershed)
        احمد Nohegar محمد Kazemi seyed javad Ahmadi حمید Gholami رسول Mahdavi
        Accurate estimation of the sediment amount carried by a watershed drainage system in the design of all projects in water and soil conservation is essential. Due to convert logarithmic sediment rating curves, sediment regression equations is necessary to correct too bias More
        Accurate estimation of the sediment amount carried by a watershed drainage system in the design of all projects in water and soil conservation is essential. Due to convert logarithmic sediment rating curves, sediment regression equations is necessary to correct too biased. The present study aims to evaluate the performance of five methods of rating curve including FAO, MVUE, QMLE, LRC, Ls and β in the case of no category situations. Root mean square of error, coefficient of efficiency indicators, General Standard Deviation, Precision, Difference relation and Relative error were used to evaluate the performance of sediment rating curves and to choose the best of them. The result showed LQMLE method with RMSE=3.663, CE=92.1, GSD=0.556, r=1.01, RE=33% and P=1.01 is the best method of calculating sediment and FAO and LS models (with root mean square error of 6.24 and efficiency coefficient 76.3), (the root mean square error of 4.87 and 85.7 efficiency coefficient) are the weakest model in estimating the suspended sediment basin. n general, different methods and different correction factors in non-categorized of sediment rating curves, can be concluded that in most models and methods LQMLE and MVUE are the best methods of estimating the suspended sediment load. Manuscript profile
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        132 - Comparison of Runoff and Suspended Sediment Concentration in Various Work Units of Lavij Watershed
        M.R Javadi tabalvandani S.A Gholami جعفر Dastorani
        In this study Run off and sediment generated from rain fall simulator was investigated in lavij watershed. In this order٬slope-Lithology- geomorphology and Land use maps were intersected and then, work units map was prepared. Then, in each Work unit's tree run off and s More
        In this study Run off and sediment generated from rain fall simulator was investigated in lavij watershed. In this order٬slope-Lithology- geomorphology and Land use maps were intersected and then, work units map was prepared. Then, in each Work unit's tree run off and sediment sampling was created by Rainfall simulator. Results show that٬ the Maximum potential of runoff generation was approved ٬in work unit of number fifteen with range land and 15-30% slop, also the Maximum potential of Sediment suspended production was approved ٬in work unit of number teen with range land and 15-30% and shemshak formation. The minimum run off and suspende sediment production were approved in work unit number one with range land and 12-15% and Elika formation.   Manuscript profile
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        133 - The role of Ochrobactrum anthropi and Ochrobactrum tritici bacteria in biosorption of copper
        hajar Abyar mohsen Nowrouzi
        10.30495/maucw.2023.1967484.1001
        The increasing development of industries and refineries has enhanced heavy metals as a worldwide environmental problem, which shows a potential threat to humans, animals, and plants due to their non-degradable and stable characteristics. Many heavy metal compounds are h More
        The increasing development of industries and refineries has enhanced heavy metals as a worldwide environmental problem, which shows a potential threat to humans, animals, and plants due to their non-degradable and stable characteristics. Many heavy metal compounds are highly soluble in water which facilitates their easy transfer into the food chain and accumulation in the environment such as excessive amounts of heavy metals in sediments, wastes, and aquatic organisms. There is numerous microbial biomass with different enzymatic capabilities to bioremediate heavy metals such as fungi, bacteria, and algae. Bacteria with a high surface area to volume ratio and easy availability could adsorb heavy metals using functional groups such as hydroxyl, carbonyl, and carboxyl on their cell wall. Therefore, in this study, the use of biological and cost-effective methods to remove heavy metals from aqueous solutions was considered. For this purpose, the potential of marine bacteria isolated from Khor Musa sediments, which are located in the northwest Persian Gulf, in removing copper was evaluated. The sediment samples were diluted in the NaCl solution and cultivated on the nutrient agar media containing copper concentrations of 10, 50, and 100 mg/L. After 3 days of incubation at 30 °C, the bacteria colonies on the media with a 100 mg/L copper concentration were isolated and purified for further assessment. The primary identification of the isolated bacteria was performed using gram staining and the potassium hydroxide (KoH) test. Then, biochemical tests and the 16S rRNA sequence were utilized to accomplish the bacterial identification. The potential of isolated bacteria in copper removal was evaluated under 50, 100, and 200 mg/L copper concentrations for 150 min. The sampling was performed in 30 min intervals using atomic absorption spectroscopy. Cultivation of sediment samples in a nutrient agar medium containing concentrations of 10 to 100 mg/L of copper led to the isolation and identification of two resistant bacteria from the genus Ochrobactrum sp. Both bacteria were gram-negative and rod-shaped, positive mobility and oxidase tests, negative methyl red (MR) and Voges-Proskauer (VP), and H2S producing in triple sugar iron agar (TSI) test. Furthermore, glucose and maltose tests indicated that the isolated bacteria were oxidative. The bacterium O. anthropi strain YX0703 illustrated a remarkable performance in which that removed 71.08% and 63.96% of copper metal in concentrations of 100 and 200 mg/L, respectively. In addition, a range of copper removal in a concentration of 50 mg/L was from 47.3% after inoculation, to 72.6% at 120 min. The maximum removal of copper was observed in the first 60 min of exposure to the metal equivalent to 64.92%. While, the highest percentage of metal removal by O. tritici strain AN4 was obtained at a concentration of 50 mg/L, equivalent to 72.62%, and when the concentration increased to 200 mg/L, the removal rate decreased to 49.97%. It is noteworthy to mention that O. tritici strain AN4 removed 58.22% of copper at a concentration of 100 mg/L in 90 min while the removal trend was relatively constant after 90 min exposure to the copper. The samples containing copper without bacterial inoculation were considered as control which showed a constant concentration during the experiments. Comparing the amount of copper absorbed by bacteria in different concentrations showed a significant difference (p<0.05) and with the increase in copper concentration, the amount of metal absorbed by bacteria enhanced. In fact, the biosorption of metal ions to the cell wall of microorganisms continues until a balance is established between the absorbed ions and the number of remaining ions in the solution, therefore, at high concentrations due to the abundance of metal ions, more ions must be absorbed by the bacteria. According to the obtained results, more than 70% of a 50 mg/L copper concentration was absorbed by both O. tritici strain AN4 and O. anthropi strain YX0703 in 150 min. The performance of bacteria in concentrations of 100 and 200 mg/L was also impressive, which indicates the high capacity of these bacteria in the biosorption of copper. Therefore, by providing optimal growth conditions, the potential of this group of bacteria can be used to reduce heavy metal pollution in the southern aquatic ecosystems, especially in areas that are heavily influenced by human activities. Moreover, Generally, the obtained results depicted the possibility of using these bacteria to treat wastewater contaminated with heavy metals. Manuscript profile
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        134 - اثر رسوب روغن خام سویا به عنوان یک جایگزین برای روغن سویا تصفیه شده در جیره غذایی جوجه‌های گوشتی
        M.E. Hossain G.B. Das
        450 قطعه جوجه گوشتی یکروزه تعیین جنسیت نشده در یک آزمایش 35 روزه در مزرعه دانشگاه دامپزشکی و علوم دامی چیتاگونگ برای بررسی اثر استفاده از رسوب روغن خام سویا (CSOS) به عنوان جایگزینی برای روغن سویا تصفیه شده (RSO) در جیره غذایی جوجه‌های گوشتی مورد استفاده قرار گرفتند. آز More
        450 قطعه جوجه گوشتی یکروزه تعیین جنسیت نشده در یک آزمایش 35 روزه در مزرعه دانشگاه دامپزشکی و علوم دامی چیتاگونگ برای بررسی اثر استفاده از رسوب روغن خام سویا (CSOS) به عنوان جایگزینی برای روغن سویا تصفیه شده (RSO) در جیره غذایی جوجه‌های گوشتی مورد استفاده قرار گرفتند. آزمایش در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی انجام شد. جوجه به صورت تصادفی در 3 گروه تیماری با 3 تکرار در هر تیمار توزیع شدند. هر تکرار دارای 50 پرنده بود. آشیانه توسط سیم توری به 9 بخش تقسیم شد تا تکرارهای مورد نظر به وجود آیند. پرندگان با 3 نوع جیره غذایی شامل جیره غذایی بدون CSOS و RSO (T0) تغذیه شده بودند، جیره غذایی حاوی RSO (T1) و جیره غذایی حاوی CSOS (T2) تغذیه شدند. تمام پرندگان به صورت آزادانه به خوراک دسترسی داشتند. نتایج نشان داد که هیچ تفاوت (05/0P<) در افزایش وزن پرندگان برای هفته 1 و 2 وجود نداشت به جز در هفته 3، 4 و 5 که مربوط به تیمارهای غذایی نبود. در هفته 5، حداکثر میانگین افزایش وزن در پرندگان تغذیه شده با جیره غذایی حاوی RSO (T1) و حداقل (7/2±6/56 گرم/روز) در پرندگان تغذیه شده جیره غذایی بدون CSOS و RSO (T0) بود (1/2±7/37 گرم/روز) بود. مشابه افزایش وزن، متوسط مصرف خوراک تفاوت داشت (01/0P<) و مقادیر میانگین9/1 ± 5/50, 1/2 ± 3/55 و 0/2 ± 4/53 گرم در هفته 2، 1/3 ± 5/92، 3/2 ± 4/83 بود و 2/2 ± 4/84 گرم در هفته 3 و 4/116 ± 3/2، 9/1 ± 5/114 و 7/2 ± 4/120 گرم در هفته 4 برای تیمارهای T0، T1 و T2 بود. ضریب تبدیل غذایی (FCR) فقط در هفته 5 متفاوت بود (05/0P<) و مقادیر میانگین 11/0 ± 80/1، 12/0 ± 03/2 و 09/0 ± 90/1 به ترتیب برای گروه T0، T1 و تیمار T2 بودند. بهترین ضریب تبدیل غذا (11/0 ± 80/1) در پرندگان تغذیه شده با جیره غذایی حاوی RSO (T1) بود و در پرندگان تغذیه شده جیره غذایی بدون CSOS و RSO (T0) FCR نسبتاً ضعیفی (03/2±12/0) مشاهده شد. بنابراین می‌توان نتیجه گرفت که RSO می‌تواند توسط CSOS در جیره غذایی جوجه‌های گوشتی جایگزین شود. Manuscript profile
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        135 - Investigation of Numerical Modeling to Modify The Geometric Structure of Submerged Plates in The Management of Diversion Sediment to the Lateral Catchment Using CCHE 2D Software
        AMIN JOOBAND MOHAMMAD HOSSEIN PURMOHAMMADI
        Due to the expansion of the use of water resources, the use of water transfer structures is increasing day by day. Due to the sedimentation of sediments and their movement in water transfer structures, they are damaged. Therefore, scientists decided to use different met More
        Due to the expansion of the use of water resources, the use of water transfer structures is increasing day by day. Due to the sedimentation of sediments and their movement in water transfer structures, they are damaged. Therefore, scientists decided to use different methods to control sediments. One of these methods is the use of submerged plates. These plates act in a way that directs the sediments along the direction of the flow and reduces the sediment entering the reservoirs. In this study, we try to investigate the use of modified plate shapes by numerical modeling with CCHE 2D software in a laboratory model and its effect on the management of diversion sediment to the lateral catchment. In this study, we used 5 different shapes, one of which is a simple rectangular plate as a control that other plates have been compared with this plate without using submerged plates. Sediment to the lateral reservoir is effective. The present study investigated the simulation of a laboratory flume with a 60 degree reservoir and an average sediment particle size of 1.59 mm with four landings of 0.45, 0.55, 0.6 and 0.66. Manuscript profile
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        136 - Calculation of Sediment Entering a Karoon River Using GSTARS 3
        Zahra Shojaeian Hamidreza KHodabakhshi
        Sediments transported by water flow, an important factor in the formation of the geometrical structure and morphology of rivers considered. In this paper, the process of sedimentation Karun river was simulated using the Gstars3 software in the range of Ahvaz hydrometric More
        Sediments transported by water flow, an important factor in the formation of the geometrical structure and morphology of rivers considered. In this paper, the process of sedimentation Karun river was simulated using the Gstars3 software in the range of Ahvaz hydrometric stations to Farsiat a length of about 50 km. The purpose of this study was to select a suitable mathematical model for estimating the sediment transport rate in a way that is able to simulate accurately in the river. Calibration of sedimentary depositional model shows that for the the range the relationship Ackers- White (1973) and (1990) fitted to existing conditions are Karun River. Also sedimentation volume of hydrometric stations in Ahvaz and Farsiat 18.25 and 16.65 million cubic meters per year respectively was estimated. This indicates that the area is strongly depositing. Manuscript profile
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        137 - Generalization of a Sediment Transport Formula Incorporating River Hydraulic Conditions-Karun River
        Mohammad Nasr Esfahani Hasan Torabi Poudeh
        Estimation of the sediment loads in a stream flow is one of the well-discussed topics in the sediment hydraulics literature. In almost the entire river engineering projects addressing issues such as river morphology, river bed changes, estimation of the annual sediment More
        Estimation of the sediment loads in a stream flow is one of the well-discussed topics in the sediment hydraulics literature. In almost the entire river engineering projects addressing issues such as river morphology, river bed changes, estimation of the annual sediment deposition at the river intakes, banks protection, dredging of the water channels, etc are of prime importance. The amount of sediment transported through a river cross-section may be under a mix of various influences from flow depths and widths, energy slope, temperature and fluid characteristics, flow turbulence and a wide range of their sizes, forms, densities, sediment particle concentrations, and other physical and hydraulic properties. The variety of formulae applied in sediment transport and estimation calculations also the paucity of information and data on the performance of such formulae makes the selection of the suitable ones for different specific conditions an extremely difficult task. Any choice in this regard should incorporate the evaluation and analysis of river hydraulics. In the present paper, several sediment estimation formulae examined for Greater Karun River along Mollasani-Farsiat reach with the purpose of proposing the best sediment transport relation to be applied in later researches. Results showed flow-based energy-based methods are better suited for the Karoon River. Manuscript profile
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        138 - Effect of Gradation on Sediment Trapping Efficiency in Structures of Vortex Tube with Different Angles
        ali asareh sina jamshidi orak
        Due to the fact that many variables are effective in the amount of sediment trapping and the amount of water loss in the eddy tube, this study was conducted to investigate the performance of the eddy tube in laboratory conditions. 4 ratio of pipe gap width to pipe diame More
        Due to the fact that many variables are effective in the amount of sediment trapping and the amount of water loss in the eddy tube, this study was conducted to investigate the performance of the eddy tube in laboratory conditions. 4 ratio of pipe gap width to pipe diameter (t / d), 0.15, 0.20, 0.25 and 0.3, 3 granulation D1 (particles passing through sieve 8 and remaining on sieve 10), D2 (particles passing through sieve 16 and remaining on sieve 20) and D3 (particles passing through sieve 20 and remaining on sieve 30) were selected at a 45 degree angle with different flow rates. The results showed that if the area is not facing water shortage and water supply problems and preventing sediment from entering the system is preferable to water supply, t / d = 0.3 is a more desirable option; But if it is very important in water supply areas and there is basically water shortage; The better option is t / d = 0.25. Manuscript profile
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        139 - Study and estimation of the useful life of the dam under the influence of input sediments deposited with using Karun 92 software
        roozbeh AGHA MAJIDI mohammad rafiee Rafiee
        the sediment accumulation in the reservoirs places upstream and downstream of the dam under the influence of ecosystem changes. In order to increase the volume of regulated water in the river basin and prevent the introduction of river sediments into the dam reservoir a More
        the sediment accumulation in the reservoirs places upstream and downstream of the dam under the influence of ecosystem changes. In order to increase the volume of regulated water in the river basin and prevent the introduction of river sediments into the dam reservoir and as a result of increasing the useful life of the dam and the optimal management of water resources in the given time, the required data from the relevant companies from the Tangab Dam was obtained and Using Karun's analysis software, based on the calculations performed by the software, the modified volume (after sedimentation) after one year and after 50 years from the beginning of operation, using the method of increasing the level to The order of 1021.646 million cubic meters and 605.664 million cubic meters, and also for the method of reducing the level of these numbers is equal to 1021.6 million million Rmkb and 064/580million cubic meters is estimated. Given the reservoir type and sediment volume, the curves of hp and h'p are plotted. According to the power plant's level, the reservoir level of the dam increases with the calculation of sediment distribution by increasing the level after 110 years from the plant's level of utilization, and this also occurs in the method of reducing the level after 100 years. Manuscript profile
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        140 - Assessment of Erodibility and Desedimentation in Pileh Rood Watershed in "Ardabil" with Fuzzy Technique
        Rasol Samadzadeh Sharareh Haddady
        In the end of the eastern side of Azerbaijan volcanic plateau, in the altitudes of Sabalan and Baghrodagh, there is a relatively closed structural depression and pit called Ardabil plain that all surrounding altitudes are directed toward it. Different structure with va More
        In the end of the eastern side of Azerbaijan volcanic plateau, in the altitudes of Sabalan and Baghrodagh, there is a relatively closed structural depression and pit called Ardabil plain that all surrounding altitudes are directed toward it. Different structure with various resistance rates, enjoying cold semidried climate, the lack of vegetation coverage, and the dominant negative trends on a extensive part of mountain plain of the areas have caused these areas especially the naturally formed watersheds in them to have a relatively high Erosibility power. The main purpose of present study is the evaluation of erosion and erosion Desedimentation in Pileh Rood watershed as one of sub _basins of folding altitudes of Namin located in northern side of Ardabil. In this study, in addition to aerial photography at the scale of 1: 55,000, topographic maps scale of 1: 50,000 and geology map 1:100000 filed erosion and sedimentation are measured by logic fuzzy method. Finally, this technique was compared with empirical method of P.S.I.A.C and the given erosion limits was evaluated and compared through observations and field work. Using fuzzy modeling with minimum input data by the two -variable model and comparing it with P.S.I.A.C model it was concluded that the fuzzy logic - soil erosion prediction models are efficient at locating and differentiating areas of soil erosion with minimum input data. Manuscript profile
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        141 - The valuation of erosion at basin watershed in mousabad –tiran by using SLEMSA modle
        Amir Gandomkar Nafiseh Shaikhei Samira Ahmadi
                      One of the most important purposes in local studing and land use evaluation the hazards of erosion in various areas and determing its quantity. For evaluating erosion , there are many metods More
                      One of the most important purposes in local studing and land use evaluation the hazards of erosion in various areas and determing its quantity. For evaluating erosion , there are many metods . In this methods, there are different factors such as rain erosion , value of erosion soil and plant coverage . According to important variables that have influence on above factor and total value of erosion distiribution and geographical dispersion and the way of interfering them in change rate of soil erosion also determined. Although there are different methods e for evaluating erosion hazards, SLEMSA model. Because of using curvature correlation, serving effective factors in erosion, determining  value interfering factors based on their significance with a ratio of weight and finally considering all of effects in this model have optimal potential power. In this study, for evaluating soil erosion at basin watershed of Mousa Abad in Tiran by using SLEMSA modle, the first we begin to collect, prepare and enter information  layers such as topography, climatological, plant coverage and outer level of the land, then with composing this layers, basin is separated to410 units of sedimentation      that 220  are upward and 210 are in downward. At the end, the value of erosion hazard is measured and giving value is as unit of erosive hazard in basin (EHU).                                Manuscript profile
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        142 - Microfacies and Sedimentary Environment of The Tarbur Formation In Kherameh Area (Southeast Of Shiraz)
        Masih Afghah Elham Yousefzadeh
        Manuscript profile
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        143 - The sediment yield potential estimation of Kordshikh river watershed basin using MPSIAC, EPM and Fournier model in the GIS framework
        Mohammad Bahrami Ali Rahimi
        Manuscript profile
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        144 - Sediment yield and study of fining trend in Torogh Dam watershed with emphasize on Moghan-Kortian sub basin
        Mohammad Javanbakht Reza Moussavi Harami Habibollah Torshizian Ehsan Sharifi Hamed Soukhtanlou
        Manuscript profile
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        145 - Microfacies and Sedimentary Environment of Tarbur Formation in Dorahan area, (east Lordegan)
        Mir Hassan Moosavi Borzo Asgari Pirbaloti
        Manuscript profile
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        146 - The role of geological factors on the destruction of Bam city due to the recent earthquake
        Mohammad Ghafoori Gholamreza Lashkaripour Hossein Sadeghi Naser Hafezi-Moghaddas Ali Hussaini
        Manuscript profile
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        147 - Numerical modeling of sealing curtain design performance in earth-dams implemented on layered soils (Case study: Abbasabad dam)
        Seyed Shahb Emamzadeh Amir Taheri
        10.30495/geotech.2021.686449
        Manuscript profile
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        148 - Empirical Relation for Prediction of Sediment-Trapping Coefficient in the Experimental Flume of the Stepped Slit Check Dams
        Mohammad Reza Pirestani Arash Razmkhah Amir Hosein Behroozi Fard
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        149 - Model study reservoir flushing
        S.H Ghoreishi M.R Majdzadeh Tabatabai
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        150 - Uncertainties in Evaluation of the Sediment Transport Rates in Typical Coarse-Bed Rivers in Iran
        M Yasi R Hamzepouri A.R Yasi
        Manuscript profile
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        151 - Experimental Study of the Effect of Hydraulic Parameters on Debris Flow Control in Inclined Slit Trapezoidal Check Dams
        Arash Razmkhah Mohammad reza Pirestani Amir Ebrahimi Fardshad
        Manuscript profile
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        152 - Calibration of Area-Reduction Empirical Method for Dam Reservoir
        Seyed Habib Musavi-Jahromi Maryam Eghdam Hossein Sedghi
        Manuscript profile
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        153 - Effects of Upward Seepage on Depth of Scour Hole Downstream of Free Falling Jets Under Constant Tail Water Depth
        S.M Razavi Nabavi M Shafai Bejestan
        Manuscript profile
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        154 - Introducing a Relationship for Estimation of the Sediment Transport Rate through Rockfill Structures
        J Chapokpour E Amiri Tokaldany
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        155 - Survey of Integrated and Non-Integrated Formulae on Suspended Sediment Load; Case Study: Soolegan River, North Karoon Basin, Iran
        N Sedaei A Kavian
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        156 - Numerical Simulation of Sediment Distribution and Transmission in Pre-Sedimentation basins Using FV Method and Comparison with the Experimental Results
        Mohammad Reza Borna Mohammad Reza Pirestani
        Manuscript profile
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        157 - Investigating the effect of Inlet and Outlet location on Flow field and Sedimentation pattern of a rectangular settling basin using CCHE2D
        M.R Majdzadeh Tabatabaie M.R Pirestani S Alimohamadi
        Manuscript profile
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        158 - CFD Application in 3D flow filed modeling of a large dam reservoir
        A Khosronejad
        Manuscript profile
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        159 - Sediment Transport in Unsteady Flow Conditions
        Seyed Amin Salamatian Amir Reza Zarrati Mojtaba Karimaee
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        160 - A study on existence of dinoflagellates cysts and detection harmful kind of them in marine sediments of Hormozgan province
        H. Assadi G. Attaran R. Dehghani
             Some dinoflagellates produce cysts in harsh environmental condition, which sink on the surface of bottom sediments. These cysts have an important ecological role in distribution of dinoflagellates species, survival in bad condition and in geneti More
             Some dinoflagellates produce cysts in harsh environmental condition, which sink on the surface of bottom sediments. These cysts have an important ecological role in distribution of dinoflagellates species, survival in bad condition and in genetic recombination (when they are formed in the process of sexual reproduction). To find dinoflagellate cysts in marine sediments of Hormozgan province, sampling was done in 27 stations in 2012. Samples were transported to laboratory under dark condition and then analyzed. The cyst of three orders of dinoflagellates and two genera of diatoms were identified in sediment samples. The observed dinoflagellate cysts were in the orders Peridiniales (59% or 53 cysts), Gonyaulacales (28% or 25 cysts) and Gymnodiniales  (2% or 2 cysts ) respectively. The Peridiniales cyst were identified (19% or 17 cysts) at order level taxon, [37% or 33 cysts at genus level taxon (Protoperidinium 20% (or 18 cysts) and  Scrippsiella 17% (or 15 cysts)] and 3% (or 3 cysts) at species level taxon (including Ensiculifera carinata, Scrippsiella irrigularis and Scrippsiella (cf. trochoidea)). The Gonyaulacales cysts were identified (22% or 20 cysts) at order level taxon, 5% or 4 cysts) were as genus Alexandrium and 1% or 1 cyst were as genus Alexandrium affine.  The Gymnodiniales cysts were identified (2% or 2 cysts) at order level taxon. Moreover, 10 cysts (11%) were unknown dinoflagellates cysts which were mostly calcareous cysts. A significant numbers of diatoms cysts (belonging to genera Coscinodiscus and Surirella) were also identified in sediment samples. Manuscript profile
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        161 - Determination of Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and investigation of sources in sediments in Anzali Lagoon
        L. Salimi P. Eghtesadi Araghi S. Jamili A. Motalebi M. Rabbani
        The objective of this study is to determine oil pollutants (PAHs) and investigate PAHsource in the sediments of Anzali Lagoon (in Mahrozeh & Selke stations) that can beof high importance from monitoring. Therefore, sampling is made in two wet and dryseasons at Mahro More
        The objective of this study is to determine oil pollutants (PAHs) and investigate PAHsource in the sediments of Anzali Lagoon (in Mahrozeh & Selke stations) that can beof high importance from monitoring. Therefore, sampling is made in two wet and dryseasons at Mahrozeh & Selke stations. Finally, making use of GC, the relatedanalyses were performed to determine PAHs. The results showed that mean PAHs insediments of Mahrozeh were 34.839 in dry season and 61.439 ng/g dw in wet season,and in Selke were 80.432 in dry season and 45.439 ng/g dw in wet season. Theamounts of PAHs in Mahrozeh & Selke stations were lower than PAHs in sedimentsof the Persian Gulf countries, (except of UAE and Oman sediments).and also PAHsin Mahrozeh & Selke stations were lower than sediments of Caspian Sea. The sourceof PAHs in Mahrozeh & Selke sediments were both pyrogenic andpetrogenic.Statistical examinations didn’t show significant differences betweenPAHs in sampling seasons. Manuscript profile
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        162 - Oil Pollution and its Source in Sediments and Gammarus in Southern Shores of the Caspian Sea
        E. Shirvani Mahdavi P. Nejatkhah Manavi A. Janparvar Aydani
        In this study, the amount and type of oil pollution in Pantogammarus maeoticusand sediment of the southern shores of the Caspian Sea in four stations (Sari, Chalus, Anzali, Astara) in June 2015 were investigated. Samples were taken from sediment and Gammarus. and were f More
        In this study, the amount and type of oil pollution in Pantogammarus maeoticusand sediment of the southern shores of the Caspian Sea in four stations (Sari, Chalus, Anzali, Astara) in June 2015 were investigated. Samples were taken from sediment and Gammarus. and were frozen and delivered to the laboratory. Oil pollution analysis of samples was performed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The amount of hydrocarbons in Gammarus of the Chalus station was significantly different (P<0/05) in comparison with the other three stations. The highest pollution level (10±0.1 ppm) was in Gammarus of Chalus station. There was no significant difference in the hydrocarbon levels of sediments in four stations. To determine the nature and source of contamination, the molar mass of hydrocarbons was investigated. In Astara and Anzali stations the molar mass of hydrocarbons were less than 20 and hence had petrogenic origin. In Sari and Chalus stations the molar mass of hydrocarbons were more than 20 and therefore had indigenous and human origin. Manuscript profile
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        163 - Sedimentology and mineralogical characteristics of the coastal sediments in the southern part of the Caspian Sea (Iran)
        H. Bagheri
        Caspian Sea isa unique laboratory, for studying all aspects of oceanography and coastal geology. The main aim of this study was to investigate: textural andmineralogicalcharacteristics ofcoastlinedeposits in the south Caspian Sea. Initially, 100 sediment sampleswere tak More
        Caspian Sea isa unique laboratory, for studying all aspects of oceanography and coastal geology. The main aim of this study was to investigate: textural andmineralogicalcharacteristics ofcoastlinedeposits in the south Caspian Sea. Initially, 100 sediment sampleswere taken in summer2014, along 700 km of the southern Caspian Sea coasts (from HosseinGholi Bay to Astara, one sample per 5-8 km).In addition, after sampling, coastal geomorphology and structures were evaluated and manypictures were taken. Optical mineralogy and grain size analysis were performed on sediments. Heavy mineralsincluding ilmenite, magnetite and goethite, pyroxene, apatite, zircon and garnet and also light minerals included quartz, plagioclase, orthoclase, carbonate fragments and bivalveswere identified. Mapping the distribution of minerals showed that eastern coastline sediments are rich in light minerals and carbonate fragments derived mainly from the erosion of Kopeh-Dagh Mountains. The central and western coast is dominated by heavy minerals, primarily ilmenite and magnetite that are supplied by the Sefidrud River. The moderate abundance of light minerals in the central region results from the sediment flux of the rivers that drain the Cenozoic and Quaternary volcanic coverage and Mesozoic sedimentary deposits.A closer look and compliance with regional geological maps, mineral distribution and beach slope,it was found that in the regions of the study area that the sea slope in the shallow parts are steep and slope of the beach is gentle (east Mazandaran and central parts of gilan province) distribution of heavy minerals such as magnetite and goethite is higher than other areas, while the distribution of Gabbro-Dioritic, and carbonate fragments are more in steep beachareas andareas of sea bed with gentle slope (West of Gilan and Mazandaran). Also gravely coasts are formed in the steep sea bed and beach areas, as the small particles and light mineralsare washed away in these areas. Manuscript profile
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        164 - Determination of quantity and investigation of BASF of heavy metals (Ni & V) in Anodonta cygnea and sediments in Anzali Lagoon
        L. Salimi Sh. Jamili P. Eghtesadi Araghi A. Motalebi M. Rabbani
        Anzali Lagoon is an international lagoon in North of Iran. It has specific ecosystem characteristics and is a suitable environment for aquatic animals and molluscs, therefore environmental monitoring is very important in this lagoon. On the other hands in recent year'sa More
        Anzali Lagoon is an international lagoon in North of Iran. It has specific ecosystem characteristics and is a suitable environment for aquatic animals and molluscs, therefore environmental monitoring is very important in this lagoon. On the other hands in recent year'sattention to heavy metals increased. Entry of industrial sewage into aquatic environments and with consideration to bioaccumulation of heavy metals in food chain, the utilization of the polluted aquatic animals by human can bring about irrevocable hazards. The present research aimed to assess Ni, V levels, as oil pollution index, in surface sediments and bivalves (Anodonta cygnea) in 2 stations (Mahrozeh and Selkeh). Samples were collected during 2 different periods of the year, dry and rain seasons, (June & September 2009). Heavy metal (Ni, V) concentrations were determined by Atomic Absorption in Anodonta cygnea and the sediments in Anzali Lagoon. The vanadium concentration in bivalve and sediment was ND (not detected)- 0.3243 µg/g and 2.1796 -306.9603 µg/g respectively. Nickel concentration in bivalve and sediment was 0.0231-1.3351 µg/g, 0.4949-19.5326 µg/g respectively. These amounts in Anzali Lagoon were lower than those of Ni and V in aquatic ecosystems in other countries, and are not in the effect range low (ERL). Besides, the average Vanadium amount is much lower than the sediments in the similar spots, and since ERL and effect range medium (ERM) are not defined for Vanadium, there is no room for judgment. Bioaccumulation sediment factor (BASF) was low for Ni, V ( Manuscript profile
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        165 - Study of Nickel and Vanadium in Sediment and Gammarus in Gilan Province
        G. Mirzapour E. Shirvani Mahdavi L. Yadegarian
        In this study nickel and vanadium heavy metals were investigated in sediments and gammarus in Gilan Province. Sampling was carried out from sediments and dominant Gammarus, from 5 stations in Gilan province, in the spring of 2016. Nickel and vanadium analysis was carrie More
        In this study nickel and vanadium heavy metals were investigated in sediments and gammarus in Gilan Province. Sampling was carried out from sediments and dominant Gammarus, from 5 stations in Gilan province, in the spring of 2016. Nickel and vanadium analysis was carried out using an ICP/MS instrument. The results were statistically analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Duncan's test. The results showed that the amount of vanadium in sediment and Gammarus was higher compared to nickel and more accumulation of both metals was observed in the western part of the province (Rudsar area) compared to the eastern part. There was no significant correlation between environmental parameters and the concentration of metals. Based on the regression equation, a weak positive correlation was found between the amount of nickel and vanadium in sediments and Gammarus, which was not significant. Comparing results with NOAA standard (2004), the amount of nickel and vanadium in the sediments of the coast of Gilan province were not higher than the permissible range. Manuscript profile
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        166 - The Effect of Changes in Wave Height on Erosion Pattern and Sedimentation in Inlet
        A. Karami Khaniki M. S. Kiaee
        Wave is one of the main factors forming inlets. Refraction of waves in shallow waters of inlet’s mouth forms bank flows and transports sediments in this area.  Wave height is one of the hydrodynamic parameters and its effect on flow and sedimentation patterns More
        Wave is one of the main factors forming inlets. Refraction of waves in shallow waters of inlet’s mouth forms bank flows and transports sediments in this area.  Wave height is one of the hydrodynamic parameters and its effect on flow and sedimentation patterns are examined.   In this study, for this purpose, a coastal basin that is connected to the open sea through a mouth is simulated in Mike 21 software. For this simulation, an unstructured flexible mesh, with the dimension of 10 to 50 meters was used, in a finite difference model. In this model, the waves with 0.75, 1.5 and 2.2 m heights and 8 sec. fixed period are emitted perpendicular to the coastline. Then, the amounts of flow and sediment transportation are calculated in different parts of the mouth according to simulation results. The flow rate increases as the wave height increases and proportionally the volume of transported sediment is also increased. Manuscript profile
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        167 - Study on Trace Elements (Mo, Cu, Hg and As) in Water and Sediments in Aras River in East Azerbaijan Province
        M. Ramin H. Nasrollahzadeh Saravi M. Dostar H. Ghasemi N. Pourang M. Baniamam
        This study was conducted to determine water quality of Aras River (Western Azerbaijan), based on metals (Mo, Cu, As, Hg) at four stations (From Julfa to 25km after Nourdos border) during four seasons from 2015 to 2016. Thirty two samples of water and sediments were coll More
        This study was conducted to determine water quality of Aras River (Western Azerbaijan), based on metals (Mo, Cu, As, Hg) at four stations (From Julfa to 25km after Nourdos border) during four seasons from 2015 to 2016. Thirty two samples of water and sediments were collected. All samples were analyzed using standard methods (digestion and extraction), using an atomic absorption specphotometer instrument. Results showed that Mo, Cu, As and Hg concentrations in waterand sediments ranged between 0.10-23.01, 3.0-40.0, 0.02-0.81, 23.7-104.6 µg/l, and 0.1-111.6, 17.5-482.5, 0.001-0.145, 46.8-303.6 µg/g.dw, respectively. As a conclusion, water quality of Aras River was classified as class III (moderately polluted) based on mean concentration of Cu. Mo concentration was found to be less than permissible level. Water quality of Aras River was classified as class IV and II based on mean values of Hg and As, respectively. Maximum levels of Mo and Cu in surface sediments were found at stations 3 and 4 during all seasons, which is because of effluents and sewage from Mo, gold and other metal mines from Armenia. Mean concentration of As at surface sediment was higher than recommended standard value, but concentration of Hg was lower than recommended value. Manuscript profile
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        168 - Isolation and identification of mercury resistant bacteria from water and sediments of Kor River, Iran
        Farshid Kafilzadeh Nima Mirzaei Mehdi Kargar
        Background and objectives: Mercury is one of the most toxic heavy metals. Even small amounts of mercury are highly toxic for all organisms, but some bacteria are resistant to mercury using special mechanisms. The aims of this study were isolation and identification of m More
        Background and objectives: Mercury is one of the most toxic heavy metals. Even small amounts of mercury are highly toxic for all organisms, but some bacteria are resistant to mercury using special mechanisms. The aims of this study were isolation and identification of mercury resistant bacteria and survey of relation between levels of environment pollution to mercury and isolation of resistant bacteria. Material and methods: The samples were collected from water and sediments of four stations of Kor River in four seasons from summer 2006 to spring 2007. Amount of mercury in the samples were measured. Bacterial numbers in both medium containing mercury and with out mercury were enumerated. Isolation of mercury resistant bacteria was performed using primary enrichment and direct plating on agar. The bacteria were identified with conventional biochemical tests. Results: The number bacteria in the medium with out Hg was 1×107 CFU/ml or CFU/g and more than medium containing Hg. Frequencies of mercury resistant bacteria was 54.2 % in Ploe Khan station and 4.3 % in Droodzan station. These stations were the most contaminated and uncontaminated areas of the Kor River Respectively. Different bacterial genera such as Pseudomonas sp., Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus sp., Entrobacter sp., Klebsiella sp., Serratia marcescens and etc. were identified as mercury resistant bacteria. Conclusion: Our study showed utilization of primary enrichment in comparing to the direct plating on agar lead to better isolation of mercury resistant bacteria. Moreover, enhancement of mercury levels in the environment will increase the probability of the isolation of mercury resistant bacteria. Manuscript profile
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        169 - Comparative Assessment of Gully Erosion and Sediment Yield in Different Rangelands and Agricultural Areas in Ghasr-e-Shirin, Kermanshah, Iran
        Khosrw Shahbazi Ali Salajagheh Mohammad Jafari Hassan Ahmadi Aliakbar Nazarisamani Mohammad Khosrowshahi
        Manuscript profile
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        170 - Survey of Relationship between Input Parameters and Calculated Suspended Sediment Discharge by Bagnold and Lane - Kalinske Method (Bazoft River, Iran)
        Nazila Sedaei Afshin Honarbakhsh Sayyed Farhad Mousavi
        Manuscript profile
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        171 - Sensitivity Analysis of MPSIAC Model
        Najmeh Behnam Mansoor Parehkar Ebrahim Pazira
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        172 - Estimation of Stormwise Sediment Yield of Gully Erosion Using Important Rainfall Components in Different Land Uses of Zagros Forest, Iran
        Farhad Nourmohammadه Taher Fatollahه Javad Mirzaei Karim Soleimani Mahmoud Habibnejhad Roshan Attaollah Kavian
        Manuscript profile
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        173 - Effect of irrigation regimes on some quantity and quality traits of three bread wheat cultivars in Isfahan province
        H. Dehghanzadeh
        To determine the effect of irrigation regimes on some quantity and quality traits of three bread wheat cultivars in Isfahan, two one-year field experiments were carried out in a split plot layout arranged as randomized complete blocks design with four replicates in two More
        To determine the effect of irrigation regimes on some quantity and quality traits of three bread wheat cultivars in Isfahan, two one-year field experiments were carried out in a split plot layout arranged as randomized complete blocks design with four replicates in two consecutive growing seasons; 2012 - 2013 and 2013 - 2014. The main plots considered irrigation regimes (irrigation after 75, 95 and 115 mm cumulative evaporation from class A evaporation pan), and sub-plots considered three wheat cultivars (Sepahan, Ghods and Pishtazs).Results showed that irrigation after 75 and 95 mm cumulative evaporation did not differ significantly for morphological traits, yield and yield components. Delay in irrigation from 95 to 115 mm cumulative pan evaporation significantly reduced grain yield and its components and increased protein percent. Ghods and Pishtaz cultivars had the highest and the lowest number of grain per spike and the lowest and the highest thousand kernel weight and the lowest and the highest grain yield, respectively. It was concluded that by irrigation wheat after 95 mm cumulative pan evaporation, water could be saved by 22% with no significant loss in yield, while grain protein increased by 1.77 percent. Manuscript profile
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        174 - Investigation of sediment rating curves error for estimating flood events sediment yield in Gharachay river
        J. Varvani Sh. Khalighi
        Estimating flood events sediment yield and its temporal variation are of the main and basic issues in watershed management strategies. On the other and there are little investigations about sediment yield behavior of the flood events and applicability of the sediment ra More
        Estimating flood events sediment yield and its temporal variation are of the main and basic issues in watershed management strategies. On the other and there are little investigations about sediment yield behavior of the flood events and applicability of the sediment rating curves to estimate sediment load of flood events. In this study in order to investigate bias and errors of the sediment rating curves in estimating sediment load of the flood events, the estimated values of 10 types of rating curves compared by the observed values of some hourly monitored flood events in the Gharachay River of  Markazi provinces. By considering accuracy and precision indexes the results shows that in all of treated sediment rating curves underestimated (40-80%) flood hydrograph sediment yield in this case the FAO’s method has relatively closer estimates to the observed data and despite of suitable applicability of the MVUE method in estimating annual  sediment yield  it could not prove to be applicable in the flood events cases. Manuscript profile
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        175 - Investigation of Heavy Metals Content in Sediments of Shirin Su Wetland, Western Iran
        Soheil Sobhanardakani Hossein Habibi
        10.22034/jchr.2016.544157
        Manuscript profile
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        176 - Ecological Risk Assessment and Pollution Models of Trace Metal Concentrations in Road Dust in parts of Enugu, Southeastern Nigeria
        Chigozie Bright Ichu Jushua Ifeanyichukwu Ume Alexander Iheanyichukwu Opara Francis Chizoruo Ibe
        10.22034/jchr.2021.1896397.1116
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        177 - Assessment of Organochlorine (OC) Pesticides Residues in Sediment, Soil, and Fish Samples from River Owan, Edo State, Nigeria
        Akinyinka Akinnusotu Justina E. Ukpebor Felix E. Okieimen Benjamin O. Opawale Eniayo A. Komolafe
        10.22034/jchr.2022.1923643.1263
        Manuscript profile
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        178 - Estimation of some Trace Metals in Water, Sediments and Two Species of Aquatic Plants in the Al-Garaf River at Al-Rafa District- Southern Iraq
        Ihsan Hameed Khudhair Israa Ibrihem Lazim Neran adnan Al Naqeeb Afrah Abid Maktoof
        10.22034/jchr.2021.682102
        Manuscript profile
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        179 - Pollution and environmental risk assessment of potentially toxic elements in surface sediments of Zayandeh-Rood River, Isfahan Province, Iran
        Raed Shwetir Marwah Atefeh Chamani
        10.22034/ap.2023.1992681.1165
        Manuscript profile
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        180 - Sedimentary environment, reservoir quality and biostratigraphy of the Dariyan Formation in one of the southeast Persian Gulf fields
        Minasadat Hashemi Davood Jahani Seyed Mohsen  Aleali Ali Kadkhodaie Bita Arbab
        Abstract In the study of the Dariyan Formation (Shoaiba Fm.) in one of the southeastern fields of the Persian Gulf, the sedimentary environment and biostratigraphy of these deposits were investigated on the cores which obtained from this formation. In the studies of th More
        Abstract In the study of the Dariyan Formation (Shoaiba Fm.) in one of the southeastern fields of the Persian Gulf, the sedimentary environment and biostratigraphy of these deposits were investigated on the cores which obtained from this formation. In the studies of the sedimentary environment, seven carbonate microfacies and one mixed carbonate-clastic microfacies were identified, which represent the deposition of the Dariyan Formation in four facies belts, including the inner ramp, middle ramp, outer ramp and deep basin. Also, uniform facies changes, the absence of rudists forming large reefs and the replacement of Lithocodium algae with them indicate the homoclinal carbonate ramp environment. In biostratigraphic studies based on foraminifera and calcareous algae, five biozones were identified, which represent the Aptian age for this formation. By combining the geological studies, the results obtained from the routine analysis of the cores and the evaluation of petrophysical logs, the reservoir quality of this formation was also studied, which indicated the good reservoir quality in parts of these deposits and especially the layers bearing Lithocodium algae. Based on these studies, the Dariyan Formation is one of the important reservoir formations in the east of the Persian Gulf. Manuscript profile

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