اولویت بندی میزان آلودگی فلزات با استفاده ازشاخص های بار آلودگی و پتانسیل خطرات بیولوژیک در رسوبات سطحی رودخانه‌های سواحل جنوب شرقی دریای خزر
الموضوعات :صحابه طالش پور 1 , لعبت تقوی 2 , حسن نصراله زاده ساروی 3
1 - کارشناسی ارشد، دانشکده منابع طبیعی و محیط زیست ، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحدعلوم و تحقیقات تهران، ایران.
2 - دانشیار گروه علوم و مهندسی محیط زیست، دانشکده منابع طبیعی و محیط زیست، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات تهران، ایران (مسوول مکاتبات).
3 - پژوهشکده اکولوژی دریای خزر، مؤسسه تحقیقاتی علوم شیلاتی کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، ساری، ایران .
الکلمات المفتاحية: دریای خزر, رسوب, فلزات, شاخص‌های آلودگی, رودخانه‌ها,
ملخص المقالة :
زمینه وهدف: رسوبات به‌عنوان مهم ترین محل ذخیره و جذب فلزات و آلاینده های دیگر در اکوسیستم‌های آبی محسوب می‌شوند و می‌توانند کیفیت سیستم‌های آبی را منعکس کنند. در این مطالعه میزان آلودگی رسوبات به فلزات روی، مس، سرب و کادمیوم براساس شاخص بار آلودگی (PLI) و ارزیابی میزان خطرات عناصر فلزی بر روی موجودات زنده براساس شاخص اولویت‌بندی پتانسیل خطرات بیولوژیک (MERMQ) در رسوبات سطحی رودخانه‌های سواحل جنوبی شرقی دریای خزر انجام شد. روش بررسی: به منظور سنجش و تعیین شاخص‌های آلودگی فلزات، نمونه‌برداری از رسوبات سطحی مصب و فاصله 1000متر از مصب برخی رودخانه های سواحل جنوب شرقی دریای خزر شامل گرگان‌رود، قره سو، نکاءرود ، تجن ، تالار و بابلرود انجام پذیرفت. نمونه‌ها در آزمایشگاه با استفاده از مخلوط سه اسید نیتریک، فلوریدریک و کلریدریک آماده‌سازی گردید و سپس به وسیله دستگاه جذب اتمی مورد آنالیز قرار گرفتند. یافته‌ها: نتایج تحقیق حاضر، گویای آن است کهمیزان شاخص MERMQ عناصر فلزی در رسوبات رودخانه‌های سواحل جنوبی دریای خزر بین 073/0 تا 12/0 و میزان شاخص آلودگی PLI بین 36/0 تا 58/0 متغیر بوده است. نتایج مقایسه غلظت فلزات در نمونه‌های رسوب سطحی با استاندارد کیفیت رسوب (NOAA) نشان داد که در تمام ایستگاه‌های مورد مطالعه مقدار عناصر اندازه‌گیری شده کم‌تر از مقدار ERL می‌باشد. نتیجه‌گیری: نتایج شاخص اولویت‌بندی پتانسیل خطرات بیولوژیک ((MERMQ برای رسوبات نشان داد که در مصب رودخانه های قره‌سو، تالار و فاصله 1000متر از مصب رودخانه بابلرود از لحاظ اولویت‌بندی میزان خطرات بیولوژیک در سطح اولویت پایین تا متوسط قرار دارد و در دیگر ایستگاه های مورد مطالعه در اولویت پایین قرار گرفته اند. نتایج شاخص آلودگی PLI نشان داد که میزان آلودگی رسوبات به فلزات در سطح آلودگی کم می باشد. نهایتاً می توان اشاره نمود که اعمال رهنمودهای مدیریتی صحیح از قبیل، دفع اصولی فاضلاب های شهری، روستایی و صنعتی، استفاده از آفت‌کش های مناسب و همچنین مطالعات هم‌زمان غلظت عناصر در آب، رسوب و جانداران در رودخانه ها به صورت دوره‌ای می تواند در بهبود وضعیت فعلی منطقه موثر باشد.
1. Taghavi, L ;1394, A review of development plans and policies in the water resources sector and a model for measuring its sustainability. Journal of Sustainability, Development and Environment, Volume 2, Number 4.
2. Lamanso, R. Cheung ,Y. Chan, K, M. 1999. Metal concentration in the tissues of rabbitfish collected from ToloHarbour in Hong kong. Journal of Marine Pollution Bulletin, 39: 123-134.
3. Ma, X., H. Zuo, M. Tian, L. Zhang, J. Meng, X. Zhou, N. Min, X. Chang and Y. Liu. 2016. "Assessment of heavy metals contamination in sediments from three adjacent regions of the Yellow River using metal chemical fractions and multivariate analysis techniques." Chemosphere 144: 264-272.
4. Burger ,J. Gochfeld, M. 2006. Locational differences in heavy metals and metalloids in pacific blueMytilusedulis from Adak Island in the Aleutian Chain, Alaska. Science of Total Environment, 368: 937-950.
5. França, S.Vinagre, C. Caçador, I. Cabral, N. 2005. Heavy metal concentration in sediment, benthic invertebrates and fish in three salt marsh areas subjected to differevt pollution loads in the Tagus Estuary (Portugal), journal of Marine Pollution Bulletin. 50: 993-1018.
6. Kazemi, A., Bakhtiari, A. R., Kheirabadi, N., Barani, H., & Haidari, B. 2012. Distribution patterns of metals contamination in sediments based on type regional development on the intertidal coastal zones of the Persian Gulf, Iran. Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology, 88(1), 100-103.
7. Suresh, G., Sutharsan, P., Ramasamy, V., & Venkatachalapathy, R. (2012). Assessment of spatial distribution and potential ecological risk of the heavy metals in relation to granulometric contents of Veeranam lake sediments, India. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 84, 117-124.
8. Acevedo-Figueroa, D., Jiménez, B. D., Rodriguez-Sierra, C. J. 2006. Trace metals in sediments of two estuarine lagoons from Puerto Rico. Environmental Pollution, 141(2), 336-342.
9. Ismaili Sari, AS. 1381. Pollutants, health and environmental standards. Tehran: Mehr Publication.
10. Habibian, T. 1387. Biological accumulation of heavy metals (nickel, zinc and lead) in pseudo-shirodi fish and lobster beds (Mahshahr and Mevahi). Thesis of Khozestan University of Science and Research.
11. Li, M., Yang, W., Sun, T., & Jin, Y.2016. Potential ecological risk of heavy metal contamination in sediments and macrobenthos in coastal wetlands induced by freshwater releases: A case study in the Yellow River Delta, China. Marine pollution bulletin, 103(1), 227-239.
12. Jonson , MD PhD, Larry ,E.ed .2013.Copper .Merck Manual Home Health Handbook.
13. Grass ,G. Rensing ,Ch.Solioz ,M. 2011.Minireviews Metallic copper as an Antimicrobial Surface .Environmental microbiology , Mar .p.1541-1547.
14. Monferran, M. V., Garnero, P. L., Wunderlin, D. A., & de los Angeles Bistoni, M.2016. Potential human health risks from metals and As via Odontesthes bonariensis consumption and ecological risk assessments in a eutrophic lake. Ecotoxicology and environmental safety, 129, 302-310.
15. Li, X., Thornton, I. 20011. Chemical partitioning of trace and major elements in soils contaminated by mining and smelting activities. Applied Geochemistry, 16(15), 1693-1706.
16. Honglei, L., Liqing, L., Chengqing, Y., Baoqing, S.2008. Fraction distribution and risk assessment of heavy metals in sediments of Moshui Lake. Journal of Environmental Sciences, 20(4), 390 - 397.
17. Birch, G. F., Taylor, S. E., Mattal, C. 2001. Small-scale spatial and temporal variance in the concentration of heavy metals in aquatic sediments: a review and some new concepts. Environmental Pollution, 113(3), 357-372.
18. Sakan, S. M., Đorđević, D. S., Manojlović, D. D., &Predrag, P. S. 2009. Assessment of heavy metal pollutants accumulation in the Tisza river sediments. Journal of Environmental Management, 90(11), 3382-3390.
19. Shajan, K.P. 2001. Geochemistry of bottom sediments from a river estuary shelf mixing zone on the tropical southwest coast of India. Bulletin of the Geological Survey of Japan, 52(8), 371-382.
20. 19.Yu, G. Y, Liu. S, Yu, S. Wu, A. Leung, X. Luo, B. Xu, H. Li and M. Wong. 2011. "Inconsistency and comprehensiveness of risk assessments for heavy metals in urban surface sediments." Chemosphere 85(6): 1080-1087.
21. McCready, S. G. F. Birch andE. R. Long. 2006. "Metallic and organic contaminants in sediments of Sydney Harbour, Australia and vicinity—a chemical dataset for evaluating sediment quality guidelines." Environment International 32(4): 455-465.
22. Pejman, A., G. N. Bidhendi, M. Ardestani, M. Saeedi and A. Baghvand. 2015. "A new index for assessing heavy metals contamination in sediments: A case study." Ecological Indicators 58: 365-373.
23. Long, E. R., D. D. MacDonald, S. L. Smith and F. D. Calder. 1995. "Incidence of adverse biological effects within ranges of chemical concentrations in marine and estuarine sediments." Environmental management 19(1): 81-97.
24. Meiggs, T. 1980. The use of sediment analysis in forensic investigations and procedural requirements for such studies. Journal of in Contaminants and Sediments, 297-308.
25. Mohtashamzadeh M. Nasrallahzadeh Saravi, h. Pure 1393.
Evaluation of heavy metal pollution of zinc using geochemical aggregate index of molars on surface rocks of the southern coast of the Caspian Sea. Kharazmi International Educational and Research Institute.
26. Hashemi, S, J. Bakhtiari, A, R. Lak, R. 2013. Source Identification and Distribution of Lead, Copper, Zinc, Nickel, Chromium and Vanadium in Surface Sediments of Caspian Sea.JMazandUniv Med Sci. 23: 36-50 (Persian(.
27. Maghsoudi, AS. Vaney, m. Yazdi, M. 1394. Pollution of Heavy Metals and Investigating the Intensity of Enrichment and Geochemical Indices in the River Nekarod. 167-174.
28. Moghazi, Q. Saidi m Jamshidi, O. 2011 Estimation of Heavy Metals Contamination in Babolrood River Sediments Using Sediment Pollution Indices, 6th National Congress of Civil Engineering, Semnan University.
29. Islam, M. S., Ahmed, M. K., Raknuzzaman, M., Habibullah-Al-Mamun, M., & Islam, M. K. 2015. Heavy metal pollution in surface water and sediment: A preliminary assessment of an urban river in a developing country. Ecological Indicators, 48, 282-291.
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1. Taghavi, L ;1394, A review of development plans and policies in the water resources sector and a model for measuring its sustainability. Journal of Sustainability, Development and Environment, Volume 2, Number 4.
2. Lamanso, R. Cheung ,Y. Chan, K, M. 1999. Metal concentration in the tissues of rabbitfish collected from ToloHarbour in Hong kong. Journal of Marine Pollution Bulletin, 39: 123-134.
3. Ma, X., H. Zuo, M. Tian, L. Zhang, J. Meng, X. Zhou, N. Min, X. Chang and Y. Liu. 2016. "Assessment of heavy metals contamination in sediments from three adjacent regions of the Yellow River using metal chemical fractions and multivariate analysis techniques." Chemosphere 144: 264-272.
4. Burger ,J. Gochfeld, M. 2006. Locational differences in heavy metals and metalloids in pacific blueMytilusedulis from Adak Island in the Aleutian Chain, Alaska. Science of Total Environment, 368: 937-950.
5. França, S.Vinagre, C. Caçador, I. Cabral, N. 2005. Heavy metal concentration in sediment, benthic invertebrates and fish in three salt marsh areas subjected to differevt pollution loads in the Tagus Estuary (Portugal), journal of Marine Pollution Bulletin. 50: 993-1018.
6. Kazemi, A., Bakhtiari, A. R., Kheirabadi, N., Barani, H., & Haidari, B. 2012. Distribution patterns of metals contamination in sediments based on type regional development on the intertidal coastal zones of the Persian Gulf, Iran. Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology, 88(1), 100-103.
7. Suresh, G., Sutharsan, P., Ramasamy, V., & Venkatachalapathy, R. (2012). Assessment of spatial distribution and potential ecological risk of the heavy metals in relation to granulometric contents of Veeranam lake sediments, India. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 84, 117-124.
8. Acevedo-Figueroa, D., Jiménez, B. D., Rodriguez-Sierra, C. J. 2006. Trace metals in sediments of two estuarine lagoons from Puerto Rico. Environmental Pollution, 141(2), 336-342.
9. Ismaili Sari, AS. 1381. Pollutants, health and environmental standards. Tehran: Mehr Publication.
10. Habibian, T. 1387. Biological accumulation of heavy metals (nickel, zinc and lead) in pseudo-shirodi fish and lobster beds (Mahshahr and Mevahi). Thesis of Khozestan University of Science and Research.
11. Li, M., Yang, W., Sun, T., & Jin, Y.2016. Potential ecological risk of heavy metal contamination in sediments and macrobenthos in coastal wetlands induced by freshwater releases: A case study in the Yellow River Delta, China. Marine pollution bulletin, 103(1), 227-239.
12. Jonson , MD PhD, Larry ,E.ed .2013.Copper .Merck Manual Home Health Handbook.
13. Grass ,G. Rensing ,Ch.Solioz ,M. 2011.Minireviews Metallic copper as an Antimicrobial Surface .Environmental microbiology , Mar .p.1541-1547.
14. Monferran, M. V., Garnero, P. L., Wunderlin, D. A., & de los Angeles Bistoni, M.2016. Potential human health risks from metals and As via Odontesthes bonariensis consumption and ecological risk assessments in a eutrophic lake. Ecotoxicology and environmental safety, 129, 302-310.
15. Li, X., Thornton, I. 20011. Chemical partitioning of trace and major elements in soils contaminated by mining and smelting activities. Applied Geochemistry, 16(15), 1693-1706.
16. Honglei, L., Liqing, L., Chengqing, Y., Baoqing, S.2008. Fraction distribution and risk assessment of heavy metals in sediments of Moshui Lake. Journal of Environmental Sciences, 20(4), 390 - 397.
17. Birch, G. F., Taylor, S. E., Mattal, C. 2001. Small-scale spatial and temporal variance in the concentration of heavy metals in aquatic sediments: a review and some new concepts. Environmental Pollution, 113(3), 357-372.
18. Sakan, S. M., Đorđević, D. S., Manojlović, D. D., &Predrag, P. S. 2009. Assessment of heavy metal pollutants accumulation in the Tisza river sediments. Journal of Environmental Management, 90(11), 3382-3390.
19. Shajan, K.P. 2001. Geochemistry of bottom sediments from a river estuary shelf mixing zone on the tropical southwest coast of India. Bulletin of the Geological Survey of Japan, 52(8), 371-382.
20. 19.Yu, G. Y, Liu. S, Yu, S. Wu, A. Leung, X. Luo, B. Xu, H. Li and M. Wong. 2011. "Inconsistency and comprehensiveness of risk assessments for heavy metals in urban surface sediments." Chemosphere 85(6): 1080-1087.
21. McCready, S. G. F. Birch andE. R. Long. 2006. "Metallic and organic contaminants in sediments of Sydney Harbour, Australia and vicinity—a chemical dataset for evaluating sediment quality guidelines." Environment International 32(4): 455-465.
22. Pejman, A., G. N. Bidhendi, M. Ardestani, M. Saeedi and A. Baghvand. 2015. "A new index for assessing heavy metals contamination in sediments: A case study." Ecological Indicators 58: 365-373.
23. Long, E. R., D. D. MacDonald, S. L. Smith and F. D. Calder. 1995. "Incidence of adverse biological effects within ranges of chemical concentrations in marine and estuarine sediments." Environmental management 19(1): 81-97.
24. Meiggs, T. 1980. The use of sediment analysis in forensic investigations and procedural requirements for such studies. Journal of in Contaminants and Sediments, 297-308.
25. Mohtashamzadeh M. Nasrallahzadeh Saravi, h. Pure 1393.
Evaluation of heavy metal pollution of zinc using geochemical aggregate index of molars on surface rocks of the southern coast of the Caspian Sea. Kharazmi International Educational and Research Institute.
26. Hashemi, S, J. Bakhtiari, A, R. Lak, R. 2013. Source Identification and Distribution of Lead, Copper, Zinc, Nickel, Chromium and Vanadium in Surface Sediments of Caspian Sea.JMazandUniv Med Sci. 23: 36-50 (Persian(.
27. Maghsoudi, AS. Vaney, m. Yazdi, M. 1394. Pollution of Heavy Metals and Investigating the Intensity of Enrichment and Geochemical Indices in the River Nekarod. 167-174.
28. Moghazi, Q. Saidi m Jamshidi, O. 2011 Estimation of Heavy Metals Contamination in Babolrood River Sediments Using Sediment Pollution Indices, 6th National Congress of Civil Engineering, Semnan University.
29. Islam, M. S., Ahmed, M. K., Raknuzzaman, M., Habibullah-Al-Mamun, M., & Islam, M. K. 2015. Heavy metal pollution in surface water and sediment: A preliminary assessment of an urban river in a developing country. Ecological Indicators, 48, 282-291.
