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Open Access Article
1 - Determining the appropriate mixture of renewable energy sources in order to reduce uncertainty
Amir GhaediIn recent years, the use of renewable energy sources to produce electricity in the power system has grown a lot. Compared to fossil fuels, these resources do not pollute the environment and there is no concern about their depletion. The problem of renewable energy sourc MoreIn recent years, the use of renewable energy sources to produce electricity in the power system has grown a lot. Compared to fossil fuels, these resources do not pollute the environment and there is no concern about their depletion. The problem of renewable energy sources is that their production power is variable due to the changes of these sources. Accordingly, in order to reduce the uncertainty of the production capacity of renewable energy sources, it is tried to use these sources in a combined manner. In this article, a method is introduced to determine the appropriate combination of renewable energy sources in order to reduce the uncertainty of their production power. In this method, the average, standard deviation, and the histogram related to the production power of the hybrid structure are obtained, and based on this, a structure with less uncertainty is determined. The proposed method has been used to determine the appropriate structure of renewable units in Bushehr region. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - The role of service quality in the relationship between standardization and customization of products with customer satisfaction and loyalty "A case study of companies operating in Rasht Industrial City"
morteza hazratiThe 21st century is associated with complex, dynamic, and changing organ and organizations, and the rapid rate of technological changes, short production life cycles, and severe global competition have quickly transferred to the competitive environment of most companies MoreThe 21st century is associated with complex, dynamic, and changing organ and organizations, and the rapid rate of technological changes, short production life cycles, and severe global competition have quickly transferred to the competitive environment of most companies. Today, marketing experts and researchers recognize the importance of zustomer loyalty as a strategic goal in all industries. In this regard, the current research is designed to investigate the role of service quality in the relationship between standardization and customization of products with customer satisfaction and loyalty in companies operating in Rasht Industrial City. The research method used in this research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-correlation in terms of data collection. The production units of Rasht Industrial Town have been considered, according to the investigations, the statistics of the companies of the production units of Rasht Industrial Town from the Organization of Industry, Mining and Trade, their number is 222 companies and the sampling method in this research It is simple random that 121 companies were selected as a sample from the statistical population of this research. The method of data collection in this field research and its tool is a questionnaire. Content validity method was used to prove the validity of the questionnaire and Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to determine the reliability. In this research, due to the low sample size and non-observance of some research variables from normal distribution, structural equation modeling with partial least squares (PLS) approach and Smart PLS software are used to test the research hypotheses. Structural equations were used using SmartPLS software. The results showed that standardization, technical quality, customer satisfaction, customizing products and task and function quality have a positive effect on satisfaction and customer loyalty and explain 48.3% of the loyalty variable. Standardization, customization, quality, customer satisfaction, customer loyalty. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - To Develop Educational Administrators' performance Standards in Tehran High Schools and to present an Appropriate Model for Applying the standards.
A. Taghipoor zahir N. NasseriThe standardizing topic of the administrators' knowledge and performance helps the effective managementnoticeably, so researchers by considering the theoretical principles and research priority in Iran and the worlddefined the principal components of performance standar MoreThe standardizing topic of the administrators' knowledge and performance helps the effective managementnoticeably, so researchers by considering the theoretical principles and research priority in Iran and the worlddefined the principal components of performance standards of educational managers and put them into thefour general groups, administrators and organizational leadership, educational leadership, ethical behaviorhorizon, relation scheme with parents and society that each group itself had many related subcomponent andperformance standards.A questionnaire in terms of compiled performance standards, involved 104 designing locations, the membersof research statistical sample completed the questionnaires and the importance rate of performance standardsof approach was determined.Data collected was analyzed by using of inferential and descriptive statistics methods (frequency table andpercent, histogram, exploratory factor analysis, regression analysis).The results indicated that 5 factors are the most important with educational administrators which weredenominated by the educational management's educators and professors .Researcher's proposed model conceptual educational administrators' was designed as questionnaire andspecialists and education experts answer it and model suitability degree and its components in terms of theeducator's ideas were determined and the whole model was approved by 4.42 out of 5. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - Survey the capability of implementation standard of human resource developer in administrative organizations (Qazvin administrative organizations: case study)
M. Mousakhani D. haghkhah R. hassanzadehThis article contain case study of The People Developer Standard or PD.In this article after surveyingstandards of the people development (the patterns of IIP,PCMM), introduce and explain the principles andstandard index of PD and capability of implementation the people MoreThis article contain case study of The People Developer Standard or PD.In this article after surveyingstandards of the people development (the patterns of IIP,PCMM), introduce and explain the principles andstandard index of PD and capability of implementation the people developer standard in administrativerganization and condition of intended organization about the result of PD measurment and the level of thisorganization is evaluated and level of distance between intended organization with standard is identified andin the final offer some way for it. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - Vertical Intra –Industry Trade in the Iranian Trade
S.J. pourmoghimThis article aims to answer the question that whether any evidence of intra – industry , or two – way trade can be found in the Iranian trade , MoreThis article aims to answer the question that whether any evidence of intra – industry , or two – way trade can be found in the Iranian trade , and to ascertain that such supposed of intra – industry trade is vertical or horizontal . Having considered the question , then we explore the possibility that whether the degree of industrialization in Iran permits the country to concern itself with issues such as free trade , reduction of tariffs , and joining WTO .Then , we ask how optimistic we can be regarding the increase of manufactured exports? Using the IIT indices for Iran’s exports and imports , with three – digit in SITC ( Standard International Trade Classification ) ,we attempt to offer an analysis indicating the existence and the type of intra – industry trade in Iran . The results of this analysis may be used to make more accurate and appropriate decisions on industrialization , economic growth , international trade , foreign exchange policies , regional and international cooperation , and finally on exact evaluation of joining WTO. Our analysis indicates that in 1375 and 1379 (the Iranian calendar ), a bout 91 percent of Iran’s of intra – industry trade were vertical , demonstrating demand diversity . The analytical indication of this index , which shows that most Iran’s of intra – industry trade as being vertical , points to the existence of low quality commodities in Iran’s foreign trade . Thus it is stipulated that it is the consumption of low – income households in developing countries , which constitute Iran’s main trade counterparts , that drives the production . If the export to the developed is taken into account , then our assumption holds that the consumption of these commodities would occur in low – income households . Then the question arises as to how Iran , a country with low – quality exports desiring to consume high – quality goods , can manage its international trade in the context of world trade , which pushes for the reduction or omission of tariffs . This question become more acute when one considers Iran as intending to reduce its dependence on the oil revenues. Thus , the necessity becomes inevitable for reformulating the aims of reducing dependence on oil and managing competition on exportation to the world markets Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - Investigating of the effect of Iran Accounting Standards on Earnings response coefficient
Mohamad Reza Shoorvarzy Afsaneh Afrouzmaneshbecause of importance of accounting standards and earnings response coefficient, in thisresearch, a model has been presented according to the Iran Accounting Standards for evaluationEarnings response coefficient. Earnings response coefficient is one of the criteria that Morebecause of importance of accounting standards and earnings response coefficient, in thisresearch, a model has been presented according to the Iran Accounting Standards for evaluationEarnings response coefficient. Earnings response coefficient is one of the criteria that isimportant in the quality of accounting information, also it is a way that we can evaluate theearnings quality. The earnings response coefficient has been examined in two separated time,five years before implementing of accounting standards ( 1996 to 2000) and five years afterimplementing of accounting standards ( 2001 to 2005). for testing hypothesis , we usedcorrelation analysis test and variance analysis test.The results show that there is a significant difference between earnings response coefficientof companies before and after implementing of accounting standards. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - Nonstandard Lagrangian cosmology
Rami Ahmad El-Nabulsi -
Open Access Article
8 - About dark matter as an emerging entity from elementary energy density fluctuations of a three-dimensional quantum vacuum
Davide Fiscaletti -
Open Access Article
9 - Calcium evaluation of human fingernail using laser plasma spectroscopy by simultaneously applying addition and modified external standardizations
Sahar Maghsoumi Hamidreza Shirvani-Mahdavi -
Open Access Article
10 - A comparative study of slogans and electoral programs of presidential election candidates in 2016 in the content of Kayhan, Etemad, Resalat and Sharq newspapers
mohammad hassan assadi tari nasim majidi ghahroodi afsaneh mozaffari tahmoores shiriThis research aims to investigate the amount of content reaching the front page, the use of photos, sketches and caricatures, etc., whether the topics are event-oriented or topic-oriented, the way symbols are crystallized in the content of the content, the geographical MoreThis research aims to investigate the amount of content reaching the front page, the use of photos, sketches and caricatures, etc., whether the topics are event-oriented or topic-oriented, the way symbols are crystallized in the content of the content, the geographical location of the published content, and the orientation of the content selectors. symbolization and myth-making, the influence of newspaper owners and publishers on political currents and concepts, and the methods of selecting news and election content in the newspapers of Kihan, Etemad, Resalat and Sharq newspapers around the presidential elections of 2016 have been highlighted.The intended research is applied in terms of purpose and in terms of combined method (quantitative and qualitative method). Content analysis tactic is used in quantitative method and interview tactic is used in qualitative method. Also, the statistical population of this research is quantitatively examined bythat newspapers which is in the period of 100 days from before the presidential election until the inauguration of the president, with the method of counting all the issues published during the mentioned time period.The results indicate that there is a significant difference among the investigated newspapers regarding the content reaching the front page, the use of photos, designs and caricatures, etc., the way symbols are crystallized in the content of the content, the geographical location of the published content, and the orientation of the selectors. There is no difference between this newspapers in terms of event-oriented or topic-oriented attitutes Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - Green Open Space Housing Public Company Panakkukang Makassar Indonesia
Mithen Lullulangi -
Open Access Article
12 - Standardization of the questionnaire of efficiency model of cycling tourism in Iran
Alireza Ahmad joushghani Mohamadreza Esmaeili Hamid SajadihazaveEfficiency and increasing efficiency in the whole world has become a priority. The purpose of this research was to standardize the efficiency questionnaire of cycling tourism in Iran because there was no tool available in line with the efficiency of cycling tourism in I MoreEfficiency and increasing efficiency in the whole world has become a priority. The purpose of this research was to standardize the efficiency questionnaire of cycling tourism in Iran because there was no tool available in line with the efficiency of cycling tourism in Iran. Therefore, the design and construction of this tool according to experts, which includes all athletes with The history of cyclists and related professors was made that the community included 450 of these experts and also the non-probability sampling method was available. Research findings such as confirmatory factor analysis indicators were performed with the help of PLS software, structural equation modeling and Cronbach's alpha with the help of SPSS. The results showed that the identified factors include causal, contextual, interventional factors, strategies and consequences (management structure, review of improving the level of productivity, interaction and consensus of managers, increasing expertise and awareness, strategic planning in the field of sports tourism, appropriate budget allocation The field of tourism is training of manpower, providing training for the development of manpower, providing security services, strengthening the culture of sports tourism, upgrading and strengthening the hardware sector of tourism, strengthening compatibility and understanding, and creating a competitive environment, and the tool has appropriate validity and reliability and is the best related tool. It has been effective. It is hoped that with the help of this tool, we will witness more success for athletes and cycling tourism in Iran Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - Ranking Decision Making Units based on their profit in competition to reach a standard level
A. Dehnokhalaji J. Sadeghi B. Hallaji N. SoltaniThe full ranking or complete ranking of decision making units is one of the main ‎issues in data envelopment analysis. A full ranking is a ranking that considers all ‎efficient and inefficient units simultaneously and finds a ranking for them. Almost all ‎of MoreThe full ranking or complete ranking of decision making units is one of the main ‎issues in data envelopment analysis. A full ranking is a ranking that considers all ‎efficient and inefficient units simultaneously and finds a ranking for them. Almost all ‎of the developed ranking methods consider only the efficient units. On the other hand, ‎ranking inefficient units by traditional data envelope analysis models are also ‎inaccurate due to ignoring the role of slacks. In the present paper two novel methodologies are proposed in order to fully ranking of decision making units. In the presented ‎approach, all of the decision making units participate in a competition in a way that all ‎are projected onto the efficient frontier considering common weights. Then, according ‎to the profit that each unit attains to reach this standard level, a rank order of all ‎decision making units are obtained.In the first method , the satisfaction of units is measured in the competition and the satisfaction of the units that have the lowest satisfaction is improved. in the second method, by setting up the cross - profit table, the optimal weights of all units are taken into account in competition. After all, the proposed methods are applied on sample problems. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - یک روش نیمه تحلیلی بهبود یافتهی جدید و سریع برای حل ردهای از معادلات انتگرال فوق منفرد نوع دوم
رضا نوین محمدعلی فریبرزی عراقی یعقوب محمودیهدف اصلی این تحقیق یافتن جواب تحلیلی رده ای از معادلات انتگرال فوق منفرد نوع دوم به نام پراندتل است که در مباحث فنی من جمله مکانیک پدید می آید. بدین منظور از یک روش بهبود یافتهی جدید و سریع بر اساس روش اختلال هموتوپی استفاده می شود. با ارائهی مثالهایی نشان خواهیم داد Moreهدف اصلی این تحقیق یافتن جواب تحلیلی رده ای از معادلات انتگرال فوق منفرد نوع دوم به نام پراندتل است که در مباحث فنی من جمله مکانیک پدید می آید. بدین منظور از یک روش بهبود یافتهی جدید و سریع بر اساس روش اختلال هموتوپی استفاده می شود. با ارائهی مثالهایی نشان خواهیم داد که روش اختلال هموتوپی استاندارد در حالت کلی برای حل این رده از معادلات انتگرال همگرا نبوده و روش اختلال هموتوپی اصلاح شده نیز صرفاً زمانی همگرا است که جواب دقیق معادله از قبل مشخص باشد، اما روش پیشنهادی در این مقاله، بدون نیاز به دانستنن جواب دقیق مسئله، جواب دقیق این رده از معادلات انتگرال را در دومین تکرار از روش مشخص میکند. نتایج حاصل از مثالها مزایای روش بهبود یافته اختلال هموتوپی جدید را در مقایسه با روشهای استاندارد و اصلاح شده اختلال هموتوپی از جمله سادگی و سرعت بیشتر را نشان می دهد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - Numerical solution of the SIR epidemic model using the non-standard finite difference method
Abdulrahman Yaghoubi Hashem Saberi NajafiIn this paper, a special case of the finite difference method which is called non-standard finite difference method is studied for the numerical solution of a mathematical model of epidemic diseases. The constructed non-standard finite difference schemes have the main p MoreIn this paper, a special case of the finite difference method which is called non-standard finite difference method is studied for the numerical solution of a mathematical model of epidemic diseases. The constructed non-standard finite difference schemes have the main properties of the continuous model such as positivity, boundedness, and stability. The stability of the equilibrium points of the system is investigated. The proposed non-standard finite difference schemes are convergent to the equilibrium points of the system. In solving nonlinear problems, one of the important advantages of this method is that nonlinear term discretized with nonlocal approximations. In most cases, non-standard finite difference schemes are stable even when large step sizes are considered. Therefore, using non-standard method will be cost-effective in dynamical systems that are studied over a large time interval. Numerical examples confirm the accuracy and efficiency of the non-standard finite difference method.Keywords: Non-Standard Finite Difference Method, SIR Model, Equilibrium Points. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
16 - The requirements of arbitration proceedings for the fair settlement of claims arising from foreign investment
Mahmoud Qomshal Ahmad Moradkhani Meddi MirdadashiConsidering the unique role of foreign investment in the process of economic growth and development of countries in recent decades, the importance of an efficient legal system in order to support it becomes more and more apparent. Considering the possibility of partiali MoreConsidering the unique role of foreign investment in the process of economic growth and development of countries in recent decades, the importance of an efficient legal system in order to support it becomes more and more apparent. Considering the possibility of partiality in national courts in order to settle disputes caused by foreign investment, in most treaties and investment contracts, the tendency to arbitration mechanism is noticeable. The descriptive-analytical study of the arbitration proceedings in the above-mentioned issue shows that arbitration alone is not sufficient for the efficient and fair settlement of claims arising from foreign investment and requires substantive and formal requirements. Compliance with the minimum standard (in the treatment of foreigners) and compliance with the principle of proportionality is one of the most important substantive requirements, and avoiding parallel proceedings and preventing fictitious lawsuits can also be considered as one of the most important formal requirements that must be observed by the institutions and the court. Arbitration proceedings at different domestic and international levels will have a significant contribution to the fairness of arbitration proceedings and, as a result, the efficiency of the legal system in order to support foreign investment. It seems that despite the increasing desire for arbitration mechanism in foreign investment treaties and agreements, a significant consensus regarding its requirements has not been formed at the regional and international level. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
17 - A Comparative Study on Duties, Powers and Obligations of Labour Inspectors in Iran Labour Laws and International Labour Standards
Seyed Mohammad Hashemi Ali Hajivand Whereas the labour inspection system is a public function and aresponsibility of government, therefore, the necessity dictates that labourinspectors shall be composed of public qualified officials, and they also haveexecutive, regulatory, advisory, corrective, m More Whereas the labour inspection system is a public function and aresponsibility of government, therefore, the necessity dictates that labourinspectors shall be composed of public qualified officials, and they also haveexecutive, regulatory, advisory, corrective, making policy and preventiveimportant duties. Hence, In order to enforce these duties in premises, they, inaddition to have certain rights and powers, should enjoy the stability andindependence of the employment, so that they exercise their duties andpowers in impartial manner and free of undue pressures and constraints fromoutside the system, in order to protect the manpower, economic sources andenvironment of work that are, nowadays, considered as essential elements ofsustainable developments. Therefore, labour inspectors, as representatives ofthe State in thr world of work, are empowered considerable rights legalpowers that their proper enforcement of these rights and duties constitutesthe fundamental to the authority of inspectors and inspection system as awhole.Instead of these rights and powers, labour inspectors also undertakethe obligations that consist of: the compliance to the principle of theimpartiality in the process of the inspections, preservation of professionalsecrecies concerned with employers, confidentiality regarding the source ofcomplaints and professionalism and competency. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
18 - Condominium and Joint Ownership in Iranian and French Law
SH NikovandOne of the important issues the general civil practice dealswith is the significant benefits of the joint ownership and its realizedeconomic results. The author has fresh ideas on regarding theownership share regime and right of possession in the orders of thecivil law MoreOne of the important issues the general civil practice dealswith is the significant benefits of the joint ownership and its realizedeconomic results. The author has fresh ideas on regarding theownership share regime and right of possession in the orders of thecivil law in Iran. He offers good advices on the matter of exercisingthe right of possession and use by co-owners and the legal regulationswhich contain the legal relationship among the co-owners and alsothe way of obligation. He illustrates important trends that each coownerhas the right to possess and use whole common property,however, none of them shall exercise this right if it adversely affectsothers legal interest. He also emphasizes on the right of the co-ownersof disposition the property share. He documents the French approachon how they regulate this question Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
19 - The legal status of workers with special status
Abolfazl Ranjbari Mehdi MirzaiiFollowing Article 190 of the Labor Law which protects some of the worker groupssubjected to double oppression and considers them subject to a separate act, thispaper attempts to explore causes, principles and ways of supporting mentionedgroups. In this regard, we have s MoreFollowing Article 190 of the Labor Law which protects some of the worker groupssubjected to double oppression and considers them subject to a separate act, thispaper attempts to explore causes, principles and ways of supporting mentionedgroups. In this regard, we have studied the legal status of fishermen, transportationstaff (ground, air, marine), workers with phisycal disabilities, household employees,workers in intermittent jobs and the workers whose wage is supplied in whole or inpart by their clients. We have also investigated their status according to internationalstandards, particularly, international labor standards, comparative labor law andlabor lights in Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
20 - Investigating the Role of Electronic Education Infrastructures in Enhancement of Mobile Learning and Education at Islamic Azad University Electronic Branch
Esmaeil Kavousy -
Open Access Article
21 - Investigation and Comparison of Available Models for Green Hospitals’
Yousef Shaabani Ali VafaeeNajar Ellahe HooshmandIntroduction: Green Hospital is a hospital that improves people's health by continues reducing environmental impacts and meets its share of the burden to disease. Since there is no single and the same pattern of green and healthy hospitals sothe aim of this study was to MoreIntroduction: Green Hospital is a hospital that improves people's health by continues reducing environmental impacts and meets its share of the burden to disease. Since there is no single and the same pattern of green and healthy hospitals sothe aim of this study was to determine the patterns in green hospital in the world by systematic review. Methods: This study is a comprehensive review and search the site by reputable domestic and foreign institutional and electronic databases was conducted in order to identify patterns green hospital. Results: There are seven green hospital management models for each specific dimensions of their own. There is a large overlap between these models, indicating the importance of some aspects of hospital green. Patterns include: BEPHS, GGHC, USGBC, LEED, ISO14000, SHT, PAHO and GGHH respectively. Conclusion: Overlap in terms of energy efficiency, water efficiency and waste management patterns were observed in all other aspects could be due to differences in location patterns and different organizations providing organizations needs to be mentioned. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
22 - Determining the Readiness of Hospitals in Golestan Province in Terms of Management in Establishing Standards for Health Promotion Hospitals
shiva onegh shaghayegh vahdat Soad MahfozpourThe main element for the establishment of standards for health promotion hospitals is management support for developing health policies and strategic plans in the field of health promotion. The purpose of this study is to determine the readiness of hospitals in Golestan MoreThe main element for the establishment of standards for health promotion hospitals is management support for developing health policies and strategic plans in the field of health promotion. The purpose of this study is to determine the readiness of hospitals in Golestan province in terms of management in establishing standards for health promotion hospitals. Method: This is a descriptive and cross-sectional study. The research environment of Golestan province hospitals and the research community of directors and officials were chosen who were directly related to the establishment of standards for health promotion hospitals in Golestan province hospitals. Total statistical population of the study was n=80. Data collection tool is a researcher-made questionnaire whose validity and reliability are confirmed. Data were analyzed with SPSS version 18 software and single-sample student t-test with a significant level of 0.01. Results: Golestan province hospitals with Sig = 0/006 and the stats value of t=2/814 in terms of management are averagely prepared to establish standards of health promotion hospitals and have taken the first steps. The highest mean score for the M3=36/27 component was the expression of the concept of promotion of health in the goals and the statement of the mission of the hospital and the lowest mean score for M10 = 7/60 component was health promotion unit establishment. Conclusion: In terms of management, Hospitals in standards establishment are averagely prepared and for more readiness, a wide range of organizational capacities, including management, organizational, and organizational prerequisites, intergovernmental coordination to attract sponsors, health organizations, university heads to allocate funds, necessary human resources, equipment, are needed to convert hospitals to health promotion hospitals. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
23 - Investigating the Effect of Establishing Accreditation Standards on the Rate of Mortality of Patients in Selected Hospitals of Mashhad
Zahra Abedi پوران رئیسی Leila RiahiIntroduction: In specialized groups and medical centers, improving patient health through the establishment of standards through the use of accreditation programs is considered progressive. One of the indicators for monitoring the health of a community is death. The ove MoreIntroduction: In specialized groups and medical centers, improving patient health through the establishment of standards through the use of accreditation programs is considered progressive. One of the indicators for monitoring the health of a community is death. The overall aim of this study was to examine the relationship between the establishment of accreditation standards and mortality rates in selected hospitals. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in 1396 with a statistical population of all hospitals in Mashhad, in which 10 hospitals were selected as samples. The findings of this study consisted of accreditation scores of hospitals, along with mortality rates, and hospital admissions before and after the implementation of accreditation standards. The method of data collection was fieldwork and the checklist was completed by the researcher. In this research, descriptive statistics (percentages, frequency, mean and standard deviations) were used to analyze the data and t-test was used to extend the results. Results: Findings of the mortality ratio to hospital admission showed that according to the probability value of 0.027, which is less than 5%, the assumption of the statistical zero means the equality of the meanings is rejected. And given the positive upper and lower limit, the mean of mortality ratio has been higher than implementation of standards than this ratio after the implementation of validation standards. Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between the implementation of accreditation standards with the mortality ratio in the hospitals; the establishment of these standards can reduce hospital mortality rates. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
24 - The Effect of the Health System Evolution Plan on the Time of Emergency Services Delivery using Interrupted Time Series Analysis (Case Study: Rasoul- e-Akram Hospital in Tehran)
Maedeh Allahverdi Aniseh Nikravan kamran HajinabiIntroduction: In recent years, the country's health system has faced numerous problems that have caused dissatisfaction among the people. The Ministry of Health launched the Health System Transformation Plan with the aim of protecting people from health costs, improving MoreIntroduction: In recent years, the country's health system has faced numerous problems that have caused dissatisfaction among the people. The Ministry of Health launched the Health System Transformation Plan with the aim of protecting people from health costs, improving quality, and increasing access to health care. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of health system transformation plan on the time of providing emergency services in Hazrat Rasoul Hospital. Methods: The statistical population of this study included all patients referred to the emergency department during the years 1391 to 1395. In order to investigate the effect of the design on the time of emergency treatment, interrupted time series analysis and Stata software have been used has been used. This method allows us to show the short and long-term plan for the duration of service. Results: The research of this study showed that the implementation of the transformation plan in the short-term does not have any impact on the waiting time but in the long-term significantly (P<0.01) has reduced the waiting time for the visit, the first treatment, preparation of the test result, receiving the test result by the doctor, receiving the final test result, receiving the ECG result, receiving the ECG result by the doctor and Receiving the final result of the ECG in Hazrat Rasool Akram Hospital. Conclusion: Findings of this study can be useful in managing the waiting time of patients to receive services after the implementation of the health system transformation plan. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
25 - Operating Room Safety Status Based on Patient Safety Friendly Hospitals Standards at Ardabil University Hospitals
Mohammad Mehrtak Abdollah Mahdavi Kamal Ebrahimi اعظم نصراللهی Abbas SorkhiIntroduction Patient safety is an important global concern in all areas of health care services. The purpose of safety in the operating room is to provide the safety of the operating staff and the safety of the disease undergoing surgery. Considering the special importa MoreIntroduction Patient safety is an important global concern in all areas of health care services. The purpose of safety in the operating room is to provide the safety of the operating staff and the safety of the disease undergoing surgery. Considering the special importance of patient safety in the operating room, this study was conducted with the aim of Operating Room Safety Status Based on Patient Safety Friendly Hospital Standards at Ardabil University Hospitals. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out with the participation of all 57 operating room personnel of three university hospitals in Ardabil in 1396. The data collection tool was a standard questionnaire of the WHO Patient Safety Friendly Hospital. Validity and reliability of this questionnaire has been confirmed in numerous studies. Data were statistically analyzed using the SPSS 18 software program. Results: According to the Patient Safety Friendly Hospital Standards, IMAM KHOMEINI Hospital with a score mean %82, ALAVI with a score %84 and FATEMI with a score %77 were in good condition. Conclusion: given the importance of the subject, although the safety conditions of the hospitals studied were good, it seems, it should be continually included in the managers' plans, trying to achieve higher levels of Patient Safety Friendly Hospital Standards. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
26 - Designing and presenting the Accreditation Model of Public Hospitals
Hamdollah Manzari Tavakoli Navid Fatehi Rad Zahra Shokooh Marzieh KhodaeiIntroduction: One of the most important management and policy-making functions in the health system is hospital accreditation, which plays an important role in increasing public confidence in the quality of services.Methods: The present research is qualitative, applied MoreIntroduction: One of the most important management and policy-making functions in the health system is hospital accreditation, which plays an important role in increasing public confidence in the quality of services.Methods: The present research is qualitative, applied in terms of purpose and is part of cross-sectional research. In this study, Delphi technique was used to present a suitable model. Finally, the proposed model was determined with 4 axes, 26 areas and 106 standards. The validity and reliability of the questionnaire were assessed and its applicability was evaluated by the best experts in public hospitals in Kerman province.Results: In this study, the proposed model was evaluated. The mean of accreditation variable was 4.21±0.34. Accreditation and its domains and axes related to each domain were at a strong level. Friedman test was used to rank the dimensions of the validation variable. The component of "prevention, health and social health" had the highest rank with an average of 2.78 and the components of "care and treatment", "service recipient" and "leadership and management" with an average of 2.56, 2.44 and 2.23, they were in the second, third and fourth ranks, respectively. 87.20% of the experts confirmed the effectiveness of the model.Conclusion: The results of the study confirmed the appropriateness of the proposed model and the strong relationship between its variables and components. Considering the proof of the effectiveness of the proposed model, it can be said that it can take all the same value in providing and providing services and services in hospitals. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
27 - Construction and Standardization of Performance Evaluation test of Health, Safety and Environment Management Systems of Industrial Sector Contractors
Hamed Yeganeh hossein Parvaresh mohsen dehghani mahmood soltaniIntroduction: Performance appraisal has always been a fundamental and important process for all organizations, especially for the health, safety and environmental management systems of industrial contractors. The aim of the present study is to construct and determine th MoreIntroduction: Performance appraisal has always been a fundamental and important process for all organizations, especially for the health, safety and environmental management systems of industrial contractors. The aim of the present study is to construct and determine the psychometric characteristics of the questionnaire of performance evaluation of health، safety and environmental management systems of steel contractors. Methods: The method of this research is qualitative and quantitative. In the quantitative section، the statistical population included all professors who have research research on the subject، which were selected by the available samples. The collection method in the qualitative section included interviewing and reviewing existing articles. In the quantitative section، the statistical population included all of HSE experts who were selected by cluster sampling of 350 people based on Cochran's formula. The research information was collected through a researcher-made questionnaire based on the qualitative section. Content validation methods، convergence and factor analysis were used to evaluate the validity of the scale. The reliability of the scale was assessed by internal consistency and purity reliability methods. Descriptive and inferential statistical methods were used to analyze the data using SPSS software version 22 and LISREL version 8. Results: The results of exploratory factor analysis showed that the researcher-made questionnaire consisted of seven factors and its validity was in the range of 80 to 100% and reliability was obtained by Cronbach's alpha method of 0.91. The second-order confirmatory factor analysis also confirmed the seven-factor model. This questionnaire was implemented along with the short form of HSE performance evaluation scale for petrochemical contractors، which had a good reliability and validity with 65 items. Conclution: In the present study, a model for evaluating the performance of health, safety and environment management systems of industrial contractors was presented. The developed items are able to evaluate the performance of health, safety and environment management systems of industrial sector contractors. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
28 - A Model for Standardization/Adaptation Strategy Selection in the Irans Multinational Companies (MNCs)
Mohammad Ali Abdolvand Nadereh Sadat Najafizadeh -
Open Access Article
29 - Comparing Earnings Management in Germany and the USA
Taufiq Arifin Indra Kusuma -
Open Access Article
30 - Reform in Accounting Standards: Evidence from Saudi Arabia
Jamal Barzegari Khanagha -
Open Access Article
31 - The effect of new product development and international marketing strategies on export performance (Case study: Manufacturing and Export Companies of West Azarbaijan Province)
reza rezaee mehdi safarkhani abbas imani Mohsen khalilzadeInternational marketing in the past years great importance to firms and organizations and even governments around the world has found. Recently, entry into foreign markets has played an important role in economic development. The purpose of this study is to investigate MoreInternational marketing in the past years great importance to firms and organizations and even governments around the world has found. Recently, entry into foreign markets has played an important role in economic development. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of new product development and international marketing strategies on export performance. This research in terms of purpose is functional and in terms of research is descriptive survey. Statistical society includes manufacturing and export companies of West Azarbaijan and statistical samples 55 companies are manufacturing and export firms of Urmiy. The data were collected in the second half of the 93-94 by the use of census and interview methods. For collecting data, the library and filed methods, also package-response questionnaire and Likert multilevel scale were used, to calculate the reliability of the questionnaire the Cronbach alpha, comprehensive analysis, Kolomogrov -smimov test, regression,SPSS 21 and Smart PLS were used. The results show that product development and international marketing strategy have significant impact on export performance. The secondary hypothesis suggests new product development and international marketing strategy have significant effect on export performance. But international marketing strategy on new product development had no significant effect. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
32 - The impact of national accounting standards on the quality of financial reporting in Tehran stack Exchange: Earning Persistence approach
هاشم نیکومرام زاد اله فتحیThis study has attempted to evaluate the effect of Iranian accounting standards onearnings persistence. In fact, earnings persistence is one of the methods of measuringearning quality. To do so, 80 active corporations from Tehran stock exchange werechosen as the Earning MoreThis study has attempted to evaluate the effect of Iranian accounting standards onearnings persistence. In fact, earnings persistence is one of the methods of measuringearning quality. To do so, 80 active corporations from Tehran stock exchange werechosen as the Earnings persistence of these participants was studied in two timeperiod. In the first period, which was happened "during 1994-1998" these participants.In that period, there was no mandatory to present financial statement based on Iranianaccounting standards. In the second period "during 1999-2004" it was mandatory topresent financial statement based on national accounting standards. To realize whetherthe null hypothesis is true or not, correlation coefficient Wald statistics wasimplemented to analyze the data. The results show that there is not a significantdifference between the earnings persistence of the participants on before and after theapplication of Iranian accounting standards. That is, accounting standards are noteffective on earnings persistence. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
33 - The Standards Based on Norms and The Unsuitable Usage Of Accounting Principles
Aliakbar Chaharmahali Farzad NazemiAccounting standards can based on principles or a set of partly norms. Standard_based_ principles codification approach proponents believe that the standards based on principle make possible to professional judgements for accountants and they lead to more transparent an MoreAccounting standards can based on principles or a set of partly norms. Standard_based_ principles codification approach proponents believe that the standards based on principle make possible to professional judgements for accountants and they lead to more transparent and simple standards. Standard_based_ norms codification approach proponents believe that the standards based on principle annihilate the comparability of financial informations , but the standards based on norms cause a increase in comparability of financial information and a decrease in the probably legal claims against accountants and also in profit_management. In this research, these views, are surveyed and finally are compared three accounting standards in international, FASB and Iran levels. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
34 - The Effect of Accounting Standards on Financial Reporting Quality in the Companies Listed In Tehran Stock Exchanges
H.R. Vakili fard M. AliakbariWe know the aim of accounting is preparing usefulness information for users of financial statements for their decision making. So it is be necessary to have pre-determined regulation that be applied by accountants and managers. This regulation called “standards&rd MoreWe know the aim of accounting is preparing usefulness information for users of financial statements for their decision making. So it is be necessary to have pre-determined regulation that be applied by accountants and managers. This regulation called “standards”. In this investigation we test two index of financial repotting quality, Financial Statement Quality and Conservatism index with t-double test. We test 67 firm’s data in two periods. Pre-determined of standards collection in Iran (76-80) and post determined of it (80-86). Our findings show that there is no differences between the means of Financial Statement quality index and Conservatism index in before and after of collection standards. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
35 - Application of statistical quality control process in Kishwood industrial company
Hirsa Jouya Ardekani Behzad Bazyar Amirhooman Hemmasi Morteza i Khakzar BafrueIn this research, application of statistical quality control process in Kishwood industrial company has been investigated. Statistical quality control process includes control charts and acceptance samplings. In this study, qualitative and quantitave characteristics of MoreIn this research, application of statistical quality control process in Kishwood industrial company has been investigated. Statistical quality control process includes control charts and acceptance samplings. In this study, qualitative and quantitave characteristics of raw material and work in progress was investigated using standard tables and control charts ( U) were designed for grooving, drilling, laminating and edge banding processes. In the raw material and work in progress, medium density fiberboard (16mm) lots, HPL veneer, purchased ABS stripe and the distance of the double hole from the edge of the piece in terms of quantative characteristic were investigated by MIL-STD-414 tables. In addition, purchased veneered particle board lot and the accuracy of the stripe in cabinet bottom parts in terms of qualitative characteristic were investigated by MIL-STD-105E tables. All the results were compatible with the acceptable standards of the company. Since lots data were located in the control limits, we can conclude that the whole process had been under control during the research time and can be used to control the future of the process. By calculating the process capability index (CP), it was found that grooving and drilling process have a very high capability, so the percentage of waste in these two processes is very low. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
36 - The designing and presentation a model for Cultural position evaluation on processing of accounting standards setting
هاشم نیکومرام مهدی محمدیIntroduction and Objective: This research studies and introduce operationally and extensively the recongnition and (or) setting cultural standards and sub-standards in accounting. It also considers the survey and implementation of introduced model within the two studie MoreIntroduction and Objective: This research studies and introduce operationally and extensively the recongnition and (or) setting cultural standards and sub-standards in accounting. It also considers the survey and implementation of introduced model within the two studies of Financial Accounting Standards Board in United states of American and International Accounting standards Board. Methods: This study methodologically is based on applied goal which it uses three methods of referential l(documentary or library), Delphi, and survey for gathering information. In other words, there is a kind of triangulation in this method and in order to pulify or confirm indexes and sub-indexes to present a model the logic Delphi technique has been used. Conclusion: The result of post test of each four hypothesis have not been rejected and the hypothesis which has not been rejected through obtained different of means by experts, the presented conceotual model has been confirmed and presented and recognized sub-indexes in this study have provided appropnate indexes in order to identify cultural positions in setting accounting standards. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
37 - Comparison of traditional culture and modern culture in Bushehr management solutions
Fatemeh Pooladi Bahram DelgoshaeiObjective: Considering that Bushehr is one of the most important provinces enjoying a rich and original culture, experiencing cultural and trade interactions with many countries in the past ; what impacts has the resultant culture had on the host culture and the social MoreObjective: Considering that Bushehr is one of the most important provinces enjoying a rich and original culture, experiencing cultural and trade interactions with many countries in the past ; what impacts has the resultant culture had on the host culture and the social interactions in this city? What are the main factors of the existing heterogeneity between modern and traditional elements and what similarities are there among these elements?Methodology: The above questions have been testified using a comparative approach and secondary data analysis. Investigating the questions is saying that: this research has been accomplished using both library and field approaches. The library approach encompasses gathering data from the resources being previously performed. The field approach on the other hand is comprised of performing interviews and obtaining data from native and non-native people’s culture and beliefs in Bushehr. The traditional culture has devoted to itself about %40 of the peoples’ culture and beliefs and a little share of the previous culture, and the modern culture about %60 and has been influenced by the present generation and the youth at a meaningfully high level, which has been increased as compared to the past and of course can be investigated by offering management solutions.Findings: Our findings in this research is defined as a set of native and non-native people’s culture and beliefs, cultural objects or anything that has at list one cultural specification in common and the researcher is interested in generalizing the research findings to them.Results:According to the findings of the present study, lots of words and traditions which have been imported and adopted from African countries, Zanzibar and India, have still remained as parts of Bushehri culture, while lots of them have been vanished, forgotten, or thoroughly weakened. Hence, institutions like The Research Center Of Cultural Heritage, Handicrafts And Tourism Organization, other related corporations and free researchers, should investigate and identify these elements, register them as conceptual heritage, also preserve and retain them Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
38 - Examining the Role of Human Resources in Hotel Ranking in Iran
Amir Mohsen Madani Leila Bagheri NezamAbadIntroduction and Objectives: People of different nationalities and ethnicities hotelnear term, so the hotels as a cultural institution, is at the forefront of culturalencounter as a showcase for the entire facade, reflecting the national culture of thehost country are c MoreIntroduction and Objectives: People of different nationalities and ethnicities hotelnear term, so the hotels as a cultural institution, is at the forefront of culturalencounter as a showcase for the entire facade, reflecting the national culture of thehost country are considered. Maintaining mobility in the field of global competition,the need for attention to local and national features, standardization of hotelservices has doubled. Because of cultural attitudes, standardization is essential inbuilding a national brand.Research method: In this model, the best and most complete satisfying services forguests has a 100 percent points. This rate is the calculated score for the quality andquantity of service, 0.638 and the points calculated for architecture and building ofhotel is 0.362. The main parameter of the model is 71 and the number of sub- factoris 850.Research findings: According to the research conducted, the main components ofhotel ranking and classifying in Iran were determined and the importance of eachwere identified. Finally, some solutions are offered to improve the status of hoteland tourism industries in Iran .Conclusion: Inspection and investigate public and private hotels, away from thestandards in some indicators suggest, therefore all the stars did not show the correctdegree of hotels in Iran &Usually between 1 and 2 stars are added to the existing style of grading andstandardization meet the diverse needs of today's world, not tourists. The testresults show that the model structures, hotels, undeniable role in the developmentof cultural tourism, standardization and globalization are making a national brand. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
39 - Assess the drought situation in Kashan desert of Kashan and Aran ShhrstanHay Bidgol (NushaBad) using the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI)
Amir Fakhrabadi ALIREZA ENTEZARY Omolbanin BazErafshanDrought is creeping phenomenon, which affects and threatening human life. Drought in a period of unusually dry weather that lack enough water to cause hydrological imbalance faces define. Drought is studied in four main characteristics include intensity, duration, frequ MoreDrought is creeping phenomenon, which affects and threatening human life. Drought in a period of unusually dry weather that lack enough water to cause hydrological imbalance faces define. Drought is studied in four main characteristics include intensity, duration, frequency and areal extent. The aim of this study is mapping the intensity of droughts in Kashan. For this purpose, the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) as an indicator for drought monitoring stations located in the plains of the period of 20 years (1390-1369) in the time scale 3,6,9,12,24 and 48 months were used. The most frequent drought in 24 months and the most comprehensive range of acute and severe drought in the plains. SPI values for the severe drought in the province timescales for geostatistics techniques and were classified image. The maps show the extent of the drought and the reduced by increasing the time scale drought in the plains of the West to the East increased. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
40 - Analyzing on developed levels of rural areas of Bandar Anzali with the focus on standardize Variable model
Pari Mosapour Miyandehi Alireza EstelajiThe purpose of most planner in Various Countries is to prove development and the ultimate goal of development is access to stable development .In planning process for rural development, recognizing structural characteristics of developed levels and environmental abiliti MoreThe purpose of most planner in Various Countries is to prove development and the ultimate goal of development is access to stable development .In planning process for rural development, recognizing structural characteristics of developed levels and environmental abilities of each region have great important. In order to resolve the problems from regional un equilibrium, the first step is identifying and leveling of the regions in success rate on social, economical and service contexts, which standardized variable method is one of supplied model in this context. In present study, using 32 index (for facilitating, infrastructure and over structure services, in each of the villages had been collected and had been indicated as infrastructure and over structure services in tables, the numbers of indexes turn to 5 indexes) which is necessary of rural development and various context of economic, social and services using standardized variable model of developed levels of Bandar Anzali had been determined and analyzed. The aim of this paper is investigating economical and social characteristics of Bandar Anzali villages with each other and determining their development rate until in decisions and regional planning in practical dimension have used. The results from this research indicates that despite of relatively homogeneous environmental conditions, villages have remarkable different in success rate and development level. Also, villages success rate in each economical , social and services dimension are not the same. In sum, we can say that 39/3% of total villages of Bandar Anzali have success and 60/7 % are deprived. This difference is induce the necessary of providing and performing schedules and intended plans for uniformly of rural area in this town. Statistical universe of the present research are the total villages of Bandar Anzali and its method is descriptive and analyzing. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
41 - Examining of the Institutional - legal Components of the Organic Products Standardization Process
Soudabe Binaee Hossein shabanali fami Hooshang Iravani Mahnaz MohammadzadehThis research was carried out with the aim of analyzing the institutional and legal components of the system for providing organic standardization services. This study was descriptive-correlation. The statistical population of the research were 250 knowledgeable experts MoreThis research was carried out with the aim of analyzing the institutional and legal components of the system for providing organic standardization services. This study was descriptive-correlation. The statistical population of the research were 250 knowledgeable experts in relation to the production and supply of organic products (organizations such as Agricultural Jihad, Agricultural Engineering Organization, National Iranian Standards Organization and Organic Association of Iran) out of which a sample size of 154 was selected in accordance with Glenn De Esmerald's (2013) sampling table. Sampling technique adopted in this study was random sampling technique. Validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by some experts of organic production and faculty members of Tehran University. The reliability of the main scale of study was assessed by using Cronbach's alpha coefficient . The factor analysis of the institutional-legal component of the organic products standardization system indicated that government's monitoring of the organic production chain was the most effective indicator and the standard of storage and storage of organic products was the most effective indicator of the legal component of the product standardization system. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
42 - An analytical study of the Tehran University of Medical Sciences’ Libraries with the standards of academic libraries of Iran
Fahimeh Fard Isfahani Zohreh Mir-HosseiniPurpose: The objective of this research is to investigate on the Tehran University of Medical Sciences libraries with the Iranian university libraries standards. University Libraries are part of the system of higher education provide and disseminate and dissemination th MorePurpose: The objective of this research is to investigate on the Tehran University of Medical Sciences libraries with the Iranian university libraries standards. University Libraries are part of the system of higher education provide and disseminate and dissemination the specialized information for the medical community Methodology: The research used evaluative survey method. The study population consisted of a central library and the 9 colleges that are affiliated to the Tehran University of Medical Sciences. Findings: The central library, dental, pharmacy, medicines with (79-83 percent in total compliance with the standard) in general are in better condition than other libraries. School of management and psychiatry with (66-79 percent in total compliance with the standard) are in the next rank and school of Health Affairs with (49% in total compliance with the standard) is not in good condition and for its promotion, serious steps should be taken. Conclusion: On the whole, results showed that no library is conformed completely to the standards. Mainly in the areas of staffing and budgeting, they face problems. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
43 - Prediction of SPI drought index using support vector and multiple linear regressions
Saeed Samadianfard اسماعیل اسدیDrought is a natural phenomenon, which has a complex mechanism as a result of interactions of meteorological parameters and usually occurs in all climates. So, predicting drought indices and their chronological evaluation is an effective way for the drought management a MoreDrought is a natural phenomenon, which has a complex mechanism as a result of interactions of meteorological parameters and usually occurs in all climates. So, predicting drought indices and their chronological evaluation is an effective way for the drought management and adaptation with its consequences. In the current research, prediction of drought indices are carried out for Tabriz synoptic station, using support vector regression, multiple linear regression and standard precipitation index (SPI) for the time period of 1979 to 2012. In this regard, for predicting SPI indices in the periods of 3, 6, 9, 12, 24 and 48 months, six different input combinations including the antecedent correspondent values of the mentioned index have been utilized. The results of statistical analysis showed that both methods had significant accuracy. Nonetheless, the support vector regressions for predicting SPI-6, SPI-9 and SPI-24 had better performances, regarding the root mean squared errors of 0.4985, 0.4340 and 0.2427, respectively. However, the multiple linear regressions showed lower relative errors, for predicting SPI-3, SPI-12 and SPI-48. Meanwhile, it can be concluded that both examined methods including support vector and multiple linear regressions had acceptable predictions of drought index and can be used with an admissible confidentiality for the management of drought consequences. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
44 - Investigating the physical quality of synthetic envelopes and their performance for Khuzestan soils
Heidar kashkuli Hamidreza Gharemohamadlo مینا افشاریThe purpose of this research was to evaluate the production quality of synthetic envelopes produced in Khuzestan factories and their performance in north and south Khuzestan soils, using laboratory methods. For quality control of the manufactured synthetic envelopes, fi MoreThe purpose of this research was to evaluate the production quality of synthetic envelopes produced in Khuzestan factories and their performance in north and south Khuzestan soils, using laboratory methods. For quality control of the manufactured synthetic envelopes, first KOMO Standard tests were conducted followed by laboratory tests using upflow permeameter designed by Vlotman for these soils. Measured parameters in these tests were, discharge, Gradient Ratio and soil particle movement from the synthetic envelopes for soils of Dehkhoda and Ramshir projects. All Three types of pp450 synthetic envelopes A, B, and C manufactured in Khuzestan passed KOMO Standard test evaluations in this investigation. As to permeameter test results and Gradient Ratio tests (GR) envelope C for Ramshir soils and A for Dehkhoda soils were found suitable. It is therefore recommended to use these synthetic envelopes produced in Khuzestan soils with caution. These envelopes are more suitable where water table is to be lowered slowly to prevent rapid soil moisture depletion. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
45 - Effect of vermicompost on Phosphorus adsorption in calcareous soils compared to other organic amendments
Fatemeh Bagvand Mahboubeh Zarabi Shahriar Mahdavi Mahsa AsarihaOrganic amendments are used in soils, with a goal of improving soil properties such as fertility and nutrition. This study was conducted to evaluate and compare the effect of vermicompost, on the phosphorus (P) isotherm, phosphorous buffering capacity (PBC) and standard MoreOrganic amendments are used in soils, with a goal of improving soil properties such as fertility and nutrition. This study was conducted to evaluate and compare the effect of vermicompost, on the phosphorus (P) isotherm, phosphorous buffering capacity (PBC) and standard phosphorus requirements (SPR) with more commonly used sheep manure, poultry manure and grape waste in five vineyard calcareous soil of Malayer area in Hamadan province. Organic amendments were added to soils at the rate of 2 % and the samples were incubated for one month at 25±2 ᵒC and field capacity. Isotherm experiments in treated and control soils were carried out by concentrations of P ranging from 0 to 200 mg kg-1 of KH2PO4 in the presence of 0.01 M CaCl2. Phosphorus sorption curves were well fitted to the Freundlich and Van-Hay equations. Incorporation of organic amendments increased soils available P, and decreased Kf constant, PBC and SPR in treated soils. The SPR average of control soils were 17.1 mg kg-1, while in treated soils ranged from 9.3 to 14.5 mg kg-1. The PBC average of treated soils, with vermicompost, sheep manure, poultry manure and grape waste decreased 41.0, 37.9, 29.9 and 21.6 % than PBC average of control soils, respectively. The results indicated that conventional soil amendments such as sheep manure and poultry manure in vineyard soil can be replaced with vermicompost, an organic fertilizer with low salinity and natural pH which increases P availability in soil. We suggest further studies on P leaching from vermicompost treated soils. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
46 - Application of the Nested Copula Functions for Analysis of Four variate of Meteorological Droughts (Case Study: West of Iran)
zabihollah khani temeliyeh Hossien Rezaie Rasoul MirabbasiDrought is a natural disaster and inevitable phenomenon, which should be considered preventable, but can be managed and organized. The main purpose of this study is to show how copula functions are used in the four-variable analysis of drought in the west of Iran. For t MoreDrought is a natural disaster and inevitable phenomenon, which should be considered preventable, but can be managed and organized. The main purpose of this study is to show how copula functions are used in the four-variable analysis of drought in the west of Iran. For this purpose, the drought characteristics, including severity, duration, inter arrival time and peak were extracted using modified Standardized Precipitation Index (SPImod). Then the frequency distributions were fitted to the mentioned drought characteristics and the best fitted marginal distribution were specified for every drought characteristics. The results showed that the gamma and exponential distributions had the best fitness on the drought severity and duration, respectively. Also, for drought peak and inter arrival time variables, the GEV function was known as the best fitted marginal distribution. In order to four variate analysis of drought characteristics, these variables were paired two by two using nested copula method. For this purpose, the fitness of nine copula functions, including Clayton, Ali-Mikhail- Haq, Farlie- Gamble- Morgenstern, Frank, Gamble, Gamble- Hougaard, Plackett, Philip Gamble and Joe were examined using Akaike Information Criterion (AIC), Maximum Likelihood (ML), and Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE) criteria. The results showed that Joe copula is the best function for constructing the multivariate distribution in the study area. Also, this study showed that a four-variate analysis of drought provide useful information for planners and managers for drought prediction and planning to cope with drought consequences. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
47 - Derivation of rainfall IDF curves from daily data in saveh hydro-meteorological station
Alireza Zamani NooriOne of the most important parameters for design of hydraulic constructions is standard project storm which is derived from IDF curves for specific durations and return periods. The previous methods to estimate IDF curves are time consuming. In addition, they r MoreOne of the most important parameters for design of hydraulic constructions is standard project storm which is derived from IDF curves for specific durations and return periods. The previous methods to estimate IDF curves are time consuming. In addition, they required many input parameters that tend to reduce their reliability. In previous methods, rainfall data should be recorded in different durations to extract the IDF curves. In some regions, only 24-hour rainfall data are recorded that they cannot build the IDF curves. In this study, temporal scaling properties of rainfall were used to extract the IDF curves for short durations from daily rainfall data. The used method has less complex stages and less number of parameters compares to previous methods. The proposed method was used in Saveh hydro-meteorological station as a case study and the results indicated its reasonable accuracy. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
48 - A Review of Greywater Characteristics and Treatment Methods
masoud rezaeei Mohammad sarafzadehIntroduction: Greywater (GW) is defined as wastewater from kitchen, bath and laundry excluding streams from toilets. GW can be classified as either low-load GW (excluding kitchen and laundry) or high-load GW (including kitchen and/or laundry). In recent years many studi MoreIntroduction: Greywater (GW) is defined as wastewater from kitchen, bath and laundry excluding streams from toilets. GW can be classified as either low-load GW (excluding kitchen and laundry) or high-load GW (including kitchen and/or laundry). In recent years many studies have been carried out on GW treatment. Method: This review provides information on the GW characteristics, existing guidelines for wastewater reuse and the present state of art in GW treatment as well as their advantages and limitations. Result: This article revealed that GW quality is highly variable and dependent on the source of production. Physical processes have been shown to achieve only a limited treatment of the GW, therefore the use of these methods alone is recommended in the low strength GW. The chemical treatments were reported to provide good removal of the suspended solids, pathogens and surfactants in the low strength grey water but could not efficiently remove the BOD. Biological processes achieved good general treatment of GW, but the nutrient imbalance of GW limits the performance of these systems. Conclusion: However, the combination of aerobic biological process with physical pretreatment and disinfection is recommended in the high strength GW as the most economical solution. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
49 - The study of oil-contamination groundwater due to Shazand Refinery
Abdorreza Vaezi hir Sanaz Qobadiyan Alireza GolmohamadiBackground and Purpose: Shazand oil refinery, as the biggest producer of gasoline in the Middle East, is located 22 km to the Southwest of Arak and the Northeast of Shazand plain. Due to presence of various storage tanks of crude oil and oil products, processing unites MoreBackground and Purpose: Shazand oil refinery, as the biggest producer of gasoline in the Middle East, is located 22 km to the Southwest of Arak and the Northeast of Shazand plain. Due to presence of various storage tanks of crude oil and oil products, processing unites and conveyance lines of oil products, it is very possible the leakage of pollution from tanks and conveyance lines into the soil and groundwater. Shazand plain aquifer is an unconfined and consists of coarse-grained alluvial deposits with a flow direction from the refinery to the agriculture wells which are located at the center of plain. Hence, groundwater contamination, which was resulted from the oil pollution of Shazand refinery was investigated. Material and Method: In this study, 16 wells were sampled in study area on Jun 2015 and they delivered to laboratory for analyzing. Compound BTEX and MTBE analyzed by gas chromatography with flame ionization detector (GC-FID[1]). To investigate contamination in study area, results of analyses of BTEX and MTBE were compared with valid standards of drinking and agriculture water. Result: The results show that 6 wells are polluted at the East and South of refinery and the east and Northeast of petrochemical complex. A part of the groundwater contamination was due to atmospheric washout and the other part relates to leak from utilities, tanks and conveyance lines. Discussion & Conclusion: Considering the already existing and the other possible forms of contamination in the area, it is proposed that before taking, the exact source of contamination be identified and proper measures to clean the area be chosen based on expert opinion. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
50 - Determining the standards for green spaces planning and site selection in urban areas to achieve ecological efficiency (Case study: Tabriz city)
reza jahanbin pakhshan khezr nezhadBackground and Objective: Prior to any planning for the development of urban green spaces, standards for green space development should be identified. From the very important principles of urban planning knowledge, it is necessary to address users in terms of standards MoreBackground and Objective: Prior to any planning for the development of urban green spaces, standards for green space development should be identified. From the very important principles of urban planning knowledge, it is necessary to address users in terms of standards and per capita and locate them. Air, sound and visual pollution is caused by urbanization that nowaday human societies are facing. Therefore, considering the green space use as an air styler and space organizer, is necessary to achieve the ecological efficiency of cities. The purpose of this study is to identify the criteria location and green spaces planning, that it is the achievement of providing solutions for operating the general principles of green space development, so that it can be generalized to similar cases. Method: The present study is a fundamental-applied research method and a descriptive-analytical study. To collect the data, Libraries and documents Sources was utilized. Data analysis was mainly based on qualitative analysis method and also using ARC / GIS software. Findings: Findings of this study show that none of the per capita in Tabriz city are in accordance with the standards of urban planning and environmental point of view. From the urban planning point of view, in the plan comprehensive, per capita of about 15 m2 is proposed for each person, this per capita in the current situation for Tabriz is equal to 1/69 m2. From the environmental point of view, in the plan comprehensive, is between 15-50 m2 per person while per capita city in the current situation is equal to 11.69 m2. Discussion and Conclusion: The results of the study show that in the city of Tabriz, the criteria and development principles green spaces planning and their location criteria, including per capita in neighborhoods, environmental and ecological criteria, and spatial metrics such as centrality, hierarchy, and access has not been regarded. Therefore, the status of the green spaces use in the present situation of Tabriz city do not match with the proposals of the comprehensive and details plan, and with national and international standards. Moreover, the lack of optimal distribution in the city is quite evident. Therefore, the calculation of the appropriate level of green space and its balanced distribution in the city is the key issue, so that the process of achieving the ecological efficiency of the city is possible. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
51 - The Concentration of Lead and Cadmium in Some Greenhouse Products and its Effect on Human Health
Saleh Sanjari Naser Boroomand Mojtaba MoghbeliBackground and Objective: Regarding the importance of using the healthy vegetables, it is important to control the concentration of heavy metals in order to provide the health of consumers. Therefore, this study was done with the aim of investigating the evaluation of t MoreBackground and Objective: Regarding the importance of using the healthy vegetables, it is important to control the concentration of heavy metals in order to provide the health of consumers. Therefore, this study was done with the aim of investigating the evaluation of the risk of heavy metals on human health trough consumption of greenhouse products.Material and Methodology: Samples included eggplants, tomatoes, greenhouse cucumbers and strawberries, were collected randomly from Jiroft greenhouses and the concentration of lead and cadmium in leaves and fruits of these plants were measured. The amount of EDI was defined for each product according to daily consumption.Findings: The average concentration of lead and cadmium in samples were different. The highest and the lowest amount of cadmium respectively belonged to tomatoes and greenhouse cucumbers. The results showed that levels of lead and cadmium in most of the products were more than the standard range recommended by the institute of Standards and Industrial Research of Iran and the FAO-WHO.Discussion and Conclusions: The results showed that the amount of lead and cadmium exceeded the standard index, However the amount of EDI was less than or equal to PTDI reported by Standards Institute's of Iran. Overall, according to the results of this study, it can be concluded that the consumption of these products has not any negative effects on the consumers' health. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
52 - An analysis of elements effective on the spatial quality of cinema complexes, with the aim of improving spatial dynamics
narges ghazanfari saeed azematiBackground and Objective: In today’s world, describing the standards of environment dynamics is one of the most important subjects in the field of architectural and urban planning, which should be considered in the architectural design process. The main purpose of MoreBackground and Objective: In today’s world, describing the standards of environment dynamics is one of the most important subjects in the field of architectural and urban planning, which should be considered in the architectural design process. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the effective components on improving the spatial quality of cinema campuses in order to promote spatial dynamics.Material and Methodology: The current research was carried out in 2019 and uses the "descriptive-analytical" method and the construction of a questionnaire to identify factors affecting spatial dynamics. The validity and reliability of the questionnaire was tested among 20 users of cultural spaces. The sample size was calculated using Cochran's formula and was performed by 150 people consisting of 72 women and 78 men. Using SPSS software and the Kolmogorov Smirnov test to evaluate the normality of the data and the correlation coefficient, the relationship between the variables was determined, and by calculating the score of each, the most effective components were determined.Findings: This research shows that there is a relationship between spatial dynamics and functional, formal, semantic, environmental and social criteria and in designing cultural spaces, they improve the quality of space for citizens in a desirable way.Discussion and Conclusion: Functional, environmental and social criteria have the highest numerical quantity and as a result have the maximum impact on spatial dynamics. Also, formal and semantic criteria are other important factors that affect spatial dynamics in the next stage. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
53 - Developing strategic planning of Urban Development Model with Emphasis on Environmental security (Case Study of Tehran)
Elham Fouladi Azita Behbahaninia Bita Azadbakht Saeed MotahariBackground and Objective: Today, due to the emphasis on economic growth and wasteful use of natural and environmental resources, metropolises are faced with many problems in the field of environment and environmental security. Therefore, the use of strategic planning in MoreBackground and Objective: Today, due to the emphasis on economic growth and wasteful use of natural and environmental resources, metropolises are faced with many problems in the field of environment and environmental security. Therefore, the use of strategic planning in urban development plans and emphasis on environmental components can be effective in improving conditions.Material and Methodology: This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in nature. In the present study, special questionnaires were distributed to experts in the field of environment. SWOT method was used to analyze the internal (weakness, strength) and external factors (threat and opportunity) of the city and sample test was used to test the hypothesis. The Delphi method was used to analyze the interviews and finally identify the consequences. Finally, using the Bryson Strategic Planning Model and according to their strategies and priorities, a strategic development planning model for urban development that emphasizes environmental security has been developed. Finally, strategies were prioritized using the QSPM matrix.Findings: The results of data analysis show that the most important strategy from the perspective of experts and thinkers among these components are political and regulatory components. Also, the most important strategies from the perspective of experts are the implementation of targeted plans to prevent degradation and appropriate strategies to optimally manage air quality.Discusion and Conclusion: According to studies, the environmental security situation in Tehran is in a critical situation and the most important strategies presented through the QSPM matrix include the use of pollution reduction tools, modifying the energy consumption pattern and optimizing it, preventing the spread of urbanization and Marginalization, the use of management systems and reduction of energy consumption and the implementation of targeted plans to prevent the reduction of degradation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
54 - Survey of Some Water Quality Parameters in Sistan Drinking Water Sources (Chahnimeh Reservoir Number 1) and Compares Them with Existing Standards
Fatemeh Einollahipeer Narjes Okati Mostaffa GhafariBackground and Objective: The Chahnimeh reservoirs in Sistan currently provide main source of drinking water for Zabul and Zahedan Cities. Therefore the survey of quality factors in this region appears to be essential. The aims of this study are survey of water qu MoreBackground and Objective: The Chahnimeh reservoirs in Sistan currently provide main source of drinking water for Zabul and Zahedan Cities. Therefore the survey of quality factors in this region appears to be essential. The aims of this study are survey of water quality factors (sulfate, nitrate, magnesium, ammonia, alkalinity, calcium, chlorine and hardness) and comparison among sampling stations and available standards. Method: Samples for laboratory studies were collected from 6 stations including 19 points in August 2010 from the surface of Chahnimeh. During sampling the EC and pH were measured. Then each factor was obtained with photometer 8000 Palintest. The statistical analysis was promoted with SPSS software and Excel was used for graphs. Findings: According to the results, Sulfate obtained between 106-124 mg/l, Magnesium concentration based on CaCo3 measured between 416-600 mg/l, Ammonia concentration between 0.02-0.10 mg/l, Nitrate concentration between 0.52-0.93 mg/l, Alkalinity between 125-215 mg/l, Hardness between 182.66-205.33 mg/l Calcium Carbonate, EC between 559.33-604 Calcium, Chloride and Hardness µm/cm and pH between 8.45-8.79 was variable. Based on statistical analysis, any factors was not show significant different among stations. Conclusion: Accordingly, these factors have the same distribution among the stations and they are not affected by point sources. Each factors was compared with available standards for drinking water. These comparison were suggest the factors including sulfate, nitrate, ammonia, alkalinity, calcium, chlorine, hardness, pH and EC have been lower than the standards set for drinking water While, The concentration of magnesium was higher than the levels them. According to the results, Chahnimeh Reservoir has desirable quality. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
55 - Studying some of the qualitative properties and concentration of heavy metals in dried sewage sludge from Shahin-Shahr WWTP in Isfahan
Hamid Reza Rahmani Masoud Moayyeri Zohreh Mazaheri Kouhanestani Narjes Khodabakhsh Hossein SharifiIntroduction:Land application of sewage sludge is one of the most important disposal methods, which allows thesludge nutrients to be used beneficially. However, it should be noted that its pollutants and pathogenicorganisms can pose a high risk to the public health and MoreIntroduction:Land application of sewage sludge is one of the most important disposal methods, which allows thesludge nutrients to be used beneficially. However, it should be noted that its pollutants and pathogenicorganisms can pose a high risk to the public health and it should be monitored before land application.The aim of this study was to investigate the dried sewage sludge quality from Shahin-Shahr WWTPSfor its heavy metals concentration.Material and Methods:Samples were collected seasonally from Shahin-Shahr sewage sludge (in three replicates) within2011-2012, and the concentration of some heavy metals along with microbial and chemical parametersof sludge were measured using DTPA, atomic absorption and standard methods. The results were thencompared with the standard levels (EPA) using t-test, and seasonal variations were studied by one wayANOVA and Duncan’s post-hoc test.Results and Discussion:The total and fecal coli forms values did not fall within any standard ranges, so re-application of thesewage in the given conditions was restricted due to hygienic precaution. The pH, total solids, organicmatter and moisture values were in normal ranges. Seasonal variations of sludge structure showed thatthe best conditions in terms of absorbable heavy metals concentration lowness belonged to winter. The1- PhD Student of Geomorphology, Department of Geography, Isfahan University and Faculty Member of Soiland Water Institute of Iran2- Department of Geography, Faculty of Geographic Sciences and Planning, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran3- PhD Student of Environmental, Fishery and Range Management Department, Gorgan University, Gorgan,Iran4- MSc of Environmental Science, University of Hamadan, Hamadan, Iran5- Soil and Water Department, Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center, Isfahan, IranJ.Env.Sci,TechJ.Env. Sci. Tech., Vol 16, No.2, Summer 2014157maximum and minimum annual loads of absorbable concentration belonged to Fe and Cr respectively.Considering the total concentrations, most of the measured elements had the minimum concentrationin winter (except for Zn, Pb and Cu) and the maximum concentration in spring and summer (exceptfor As, Zn and Cu).All of the studied metals, except as, and their annual loads (kg/ha/year) had a concentration below theacceptable level. The annual load of as was estimated to be 1.6 kg/ha/year for. Although the annualload of as was below the standard level, it should be taken into account due to being close to this level. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
56 - Groundwater quality analysis in Amol-Babol plain and zoning of sodium using GIS
Nima Heidarzadeh Mohammad MoezziAbstract Background and Objective: Nowadays, paying attention to the quality of groundwater and its trend is very important for various purposes such as drinking, agriculture, and public health. Groundwater pollution is often formed due to toxic industrial wastewaters a MoreAbstract Background and Objective: Nowadays, paying attention to the quality of groundwater and its trend is very important for various purposes such as drinking, agriculture, and public health. Groundwater pollution is often formed due to toxic industrial wastewaters and disposing wells of urban wastewaters. Method: In this study, the qualitative data of Amol-Babol plain within1986-2009 was used in order to evaluate qualitative changes of groundwater resources. In the study area, the main groundwater consumption was found to be agricultural irrigation. Several parameters of electrical conductivity, Cl-, Na+, HCO3-, and pH were investigated to assess groundwater quality and Na+ was detected as the most important one. Then, Na+ was zonned in the area using geographic information system (GIS). Discussion and Conclusion: The results showed that most of the polluted areas are close to urban and industrial landuses. Also, the highest contamination of groundwater was found in dry years due to low flow conditions of the main river in the area. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
57 - The impact of Cultural Dimensions on Standards of Environmental Management (ISO14001) (The case of small and medium-sized industries within industrial group of Toos in Mashhad)
Fariborz Rahimnia Nasrim NikzadThis paper studies dimensions of organizational culture including organizational identity, groupcommitment, stable of social system and forming behavior on standards of environmentalmanagement like training, resources, labeling, policy and compulsive reaction within sma MoreThis paper studies dimensions of organizational culture including organizational identity, groupcommitment, stable of social system and forming behavior on standards of environmentalmanagement like training, resources, labeling, policy and compulsive reaction within small andmedium industries.The research population includes all managers of small and medium companies in industrial group ofToos in Mashhad. The 169 managers are chosen from standard managers among the manufacturingcompanies. The required data were collected by questionnaire. The reliability has been confirmed byChronbach about 96%. The results show that there is a significant correlation between dimensions oforganizational culture and standards of environmental management. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
58 - Quality Evaluation of Composted Urban Solid Wastes Materials Produced in Tehran Arad-Kouh Factory Using Parameters of CIELAB Color Standard during Production Process
Hadith Khandehroo Bubak SouriBackground and objective: CIE color standard system has been extensively used to determinevarious physic-chemical characteristics of porous media such as soil. Objective of this study is toevaluate the relationship of C/N ratio and organic matter percentage with paramet MoreBackground and objective: CIE color standard system has been extensively used to determinevarious physic-chemical characteristics of porous media such as soil. Objective of this study is toevaluate the relationship of C/N ratio and organic matter percentage with parameters of CIELAB colorstandard system during composting production process.Material and methods: In this study, changes on parameters of CIELAB color standard alongsidewith organic matter percentages and values of C/N ratio were measured for 90 days during urban solidwastes materials’ composting process in Arad-Kouh factory in Tehran.Results: The results showed that there are significant relationships of L* with organic matter(r=0.942, α=0.01) and ratio of C/N (r=0.915, α=0.01) from one hand and parameter of a*/b* withorganic matter (r=-0.876, α=0.01) and ratio of C/N (r=-0.893, α=0.01) from other hand.Conclusion: Statistical interpretation of the obtained results approved that instead of commonanalytical methods for quality evaluation of composted materials; parameters of L* and a*/b* areeasy, inexpensive and quick to estimate ratio of C/N and organic matter percentage of compostedurban solid wastes materials reliably. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
59 - Investigation of hospital wastes management variables and their adaptation with ISO 14001 standard
Mohammad Saleh Ali-Taleshi Farhad Nejadkoorki Hamidreza Azimzadeh MohammadTaghi Ghaneian Mahdieh NamayandehAbstract Background and Objective: The optimal management of hospital waste is essential to protect the public health and environment. The aim of the present study is to investigate the variables of hospital waste management in terms of their compliance with the ISO 14 MoreAbstract Background and Objective: The optimal management of hospital waste is essential to protect the public health and environment. The aim of the present study is to investigate the variables of hospital waste management in terms of their compliance with the ISO 14001 standard. In addition to identivying the weaknesses of waste management, some strategies are presented overcome them. Method: This study was carried out in 2013. The required data for hospital waste sector were obtained using a questionnaire and the Tables designed by World Health Organization (WHO). Condition of the environmental management of the wastes was described using the questionnaire, the environmental management system standard (ISO 14001), the national standard of Iran, and Likert range. All the data were analyzed by SPSS 16. Findings: Results showed that the conditions in the studied hospitals were lower than the hypothetical average (3) in terms of some variables such as identification of environmental aspects, planning for achieving the macro and micro goals; receiving the necessary training, drafting functions and responsibilities of waste management, and preparation for emergency response. In order to identify the environmental aspects of hospital waste, results showed that from 2307.82 Kg of the waste produced in hospitals daily, 62.23% were general waste, 36.17% were infectious waste and 0.58% were sharp substances. There was a significant correlation between the numbers of provided services in hospitals and the rate of daily generated waste (r= 0.992، P=0.008). Moreover, there was a significant regression relation between the overall area of hospitals and the rate of daily generated waste (P=0.02). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
60 - Qualitative Study of Compost Fertilizer Produced in Zahedan Factory, Considering Physical and Chemical Characteristics
Farah Heydari Gholamreza MirakiBackground and Objective: Compost is extracted from the Latin word “Compositus”, meaning compound or mixture and sometimes it is known as mixed fertilizer in Persian language. Regarding the economic values of spoilable substances, producing fertilizer from w MoreBackground and Objective: Compost is extracted from the Latin word “Compositus”, meaning compound or mixture and sometimes it is known as mixed fertilizer in Persian language. Regarding the economic values of spoilable substances, producing fertilizer from waste not only will help to ues this value, but also in this way, the waste and its recycling can be controlled. Thus, construction of compost factories for hygienic repulsion and production of valuable fertilizer, are the main preferences of urban waste management in the country. Objective of this study is evaluation of physical and chemical quality of compost fertilizer, produced in Zahedan Factory, and its comparison with the standards in Iran and the world. Method: In this study, the compost fertilizer produced in Zahedan Factory was investigated during 9 months. To determine the physical and chemical characteristics of the compost produced in this factory, the factors such as pH, electrical conductivity, organic carbon, azoth, phosphor, lead, cadmium, zinc and copper were evaluated. Microbial specifications of the produced compost are also specified by determination of culiferoum, Salmonellae, and parasite zygote. Results: Evaluated factors are: average percentage of carbon (4.2 ppm), percentage of azoth (1.98 ppm), percentage of lead (89.98 ppm), percentage of cadmium (2.695 ppm). The microbial quality of the produced compost was in B level of Environmental Protection Organization of America. Conclusion: Results demonstrated that the produced compost, in terms of heavy metals, was in the range of UN, America and Canada standards (AAFC, CCME, and BNQ) and was reasonable according to the National Standards of Iran. Carbon and azoth percentages meet the compost standards in most cases. However, considering that the ratio of carbon is higher than the ratio of azoth, it is necessary to add vegetable and fruit wastes - that contain higher nitrogen - to the compost ingredients. Amount of phosphor is placed in rank 2 of National Standards of Iran. pH is almost higher than standard levels; in this case adding a little sulfur will solve the problem. Compost fertilizer samples are applicable as soil reclamation factor. Waste segregation at source and establishment of thermophilic conditions in mass are two effective strategies that should be concentrated to improve the quality of compost fertilizer. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
61 - Landfill site selection with emphasis on environmental and economical factors in northern Iran (Case study: Astara Township)
Roghaye Baniasadi Seyed Saeedreza Ahmadizade Behrooz Etebari Alireza QomiBackground and Objective: The crucial condition of northern cities in Iran, increases the necessity for a proper landfill site selection. Solid waste is an inseparable part of human life and in its production in different quantities and qualities is the biggest environm MoreBackground and Objective: The crucial condition of northern cities in Iran, increases the necessity for a proper landfill site selection. Solid waste is an inseparable part of human life and in its production in different quantities and qualities is the biggest environmental problem at present. The first and the most important step towards waste management, is finding a suitable place for landfilling. Today, geographic information systems are widely used in environmental planning. Method: In this study, the geographical directions, surface water, faults, protected areas, soil, geology, distance from settlement and land use are investigated in terms of effective environmental factors while distance from main roads, distance from byway, slope and elevation are explored in terms of economical factors. Conclusion: After prioritization of factors with the help of experts’ idea and combining them in ArcGIS9.2, three appropriate locations were selected. Afterwards, the suitable size of the landfill site needed for the city was calculated, and considering the needed size, the final location for landfill was proposed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
62 - Presenting and explaining a model to create the value of the company according to the role of accounting standards management, financial reporting quality and audit quality using meta-innovative models
saman khorshid yahya kamyabi mehdi khalilpourIn the world of investment, decision making is the most important part of the investment process, in which investors need to make the most optimal decisions in order to achieve their maximum benefits and wealth. In this regard, the most important factor in the decision- MoreIn the world of investment, decision making is the most important part of the investment process, in which investors need to make the most optimal decisions in order to achieve their maximum benefits and wealth. In this regard, the most important factor in the decision-making process is information. Information can have a significant impact on the decision-making process. Because it makes different decisions in different people. In the stock market, investment decisions are also affected by information. Therefore, this study seeks to provide and explain a model to create the value of the company according to the role of management of accounting standards, financial reporting quality and audit quality using meta-innovative models. To achieve this goal, the data of 101 companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange during the period 1392 to 1397 were collected, and the optimized algorithm method was used to analyze the data. The research findings indicate that all three meta-functional methods have the power to estimate economic value added and market value added. However, the estimated value of economic value added and market value added in the night cream algorithm is higher than the two decision tree algorithms and the regression machine-supporting algorithm algorithm. Is higher. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
63 - Reasons for the Gap between Declared and Assessed Taxable Incomes of Non Manufacturing Companies Listed on Tehran Stock Exchange
Hossien Yarahmadi masoud Taherinia ebrahim givaki Ghodratallah TalebniaThe taxable income of legal persons is a critical issue in Iran as this sector plays a dynamic role in economic, social, and cultural activities in the society. The major problem of this study is the gap between the amounts of taxable income calculated by taxpayers and MoreThe taxable income of legal persons is a critical issue in Iran as this sector plays a dynamic role in economic, social, and cultural activities in the society. The major problem of this study is the gap between the amounts of taxable income calculated by taxpayers and the Tax Administration. Field and bibliography methods besides Pearson Correlation Test were used, and all four hypotheses of research were confirmed. Accordingly, the reasons for the difference or gap between declared taxable income and assessed taxable income include breach of direct tax law by taxpayers, violation of accounting standards by taxpayers, lack of sufficient evidence and documents (including expenses, tax exemptions, and tax incentives) in the hand of taxpayers, ignorance of tax directives, instructions, and regulations by taxpayers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
64 - Identify and rank the challenges of (determining) fair value measurement in the implementation of International Financial Reporting Standard No. 13 (IFRS13) in Iranian non-governmental banks using Meta-synthesis qualitative analysis and SWARA method and provide a solution using the ARAS technique.
samaneh zarerafi Gholamhasan Taghi Nataj Malekshah Azita Jahanshad Farzaneh heidarpoorThe purpose of this study is to identify and rank the challenges of (determining)fair value measurement in the implementation of International Financial Reporting Standard No.13(IFRS13) of Iranian non-governmental banks. This approach can provide intelligent cooperation MoreThe purpose of this study is to identify and rank the challenges of (determining)fair value measurement in the implementation of International Financial Reporting Standard No.13(IFRS13) of Iranian non-governmental banks. This approach can provide intelligent cooperation and effective communication with international markets and provide more useful information on reliability and reliability. Future cash flows help investors(improve forecasts)and provide useful tools in determining risk and asset prices and securities,as well as identifying devaluation before it occurs (hedging) and identifying early credit losses, reducing the volume of non-current receivables of banks,and raising public confidence. Through library study and Meta-synthesis qualitative analysis were collected and for evaluation of Meta-synthesis reliability, a selected document was provided to the experts. After evaluation, the Holst coefficient was calculated to be 0.845.(SWARA)Obstacles and Challenges were identified and ranked.With the help of ARAS technique,better solutions were proposed to remove the obstacles and challengesThey show infrastructure indicators and regulatory structure (requirements),credit risk rating, investment risk awareness and risk return analysis,proper allocation of foreign exchange resources by banks to banks,proper allocation of credit by banks based on customer ratings and reduction of overdue receivables.(IFRS13)and indicators of development platforms,upgrading the level of control activities,creating and using rating agencies in creating accurate trocar models (progress in the field of accreditation),effective risk management and effective internal control systems,promoting risk modeling, the need to pay attention to auditing knowledge,They were also identified as solutions to deal with obstacles and challenges. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
65 - The study of behavioral factors in the selection of optimal portfolio in
Maryam Saberi Roya darabiThe aim of this study was to "study behavioral factors in the selection of optimal portfolio Iran capital market" is. In order to achieve this goal, the dominant factors for mental accounting and loss aversion behavior and investment in stock and optimal portfolio selec MoreThe aim of this study was to "study behavioral factors in the selection of optimal portfolio Iran capital market" is. In order to achieve this goal, the dominant factors for mental accounting and loss aversion behavior and investment in stock and optimal portfolio selection with high efficiency compared to standard finance Using data from 106 firms listed in the Tehran Stock Exchange during the period of 5 years from 2011 to 2014 And regression analysis, variance analysis, was measured.The results showed that the expected return on portfolio behavioral model with an emphasis on mental accounting and loss aversion (as an indicator of behavioral factors) is greater than the expected return of the Standard Model and The hypothesis was accepted. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
66 - Comparison of Exhaust Pollutant from Zamyad and Peykan Cars with Air Pollution Standards in Shiraz City
Reyhane Dehghan Mehranghiz Rahimi Farhad nejad koorki Alireza Afshani Malihe AminiBackground and Purpose: In this study, the amount of exhaust emissions (carbon monoxide and unburned hydrocarbons) from the exhaust of Peykan and Zamyad cars in Shiraz in the years between 2003-2011 was investigated and was compared with the standard environment. Materi MoreBackground and Purpose: In this study, the amount of exhaust emissions (carbon monoxide and unburned hydrocarbons) from the exhaust of Peykan and Zamyad cars in Shiraz in the years between 2003-2011 was investigated and was compared with the standard environment. Materials & Methods: In this research, using systematic random sampling data from the 320 vehicles referring to Valiasr Technical Examination Center of Shiraz during 5 months was done. Measurement of exhaust outlet parameters was done by Gasoline Pollution Control Device and also Data analysis was done using SPSS software and independent t-test at 5% confidence level and then charts were drawn in Microsoft Excel software. Results: The results showed that in most cases, with updating cars model, the amount of HC and CO were decreased and the amount of these pollutants is at the standard level of the environment. So that the amount of carbon monoxide in Zamyad from 4.27 to 0.35 and in Peykan from 6.28 to 2.96 the volume percentages reached from 2003 to 2011 years. Also, the amount of unburned hydrocarbons decreased from 644 ppm to 78 ppm in the Zamyad and from 571 ppm to 298 ppm for Peykan in the period 2003 to 2011 And in both cars, emissions have been downward. Discussion & Conclusion: In general, the amount of exhaust pollutants from both cars will not have a disturbing effect on the health of residents in Shiraz. Therefore, it is hoped that with measures such as paying attention to environmental standards to eliminate air pollution, adjust and timely service of car engines and accessories to prevent the spread of air pollutants, prevent the traffic of high-pollution cars and timeworn cars can be taken an effective step to reduce air pollution in cities. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
67 - Combination of MCDM and GIS for study of the gypsum mineral mines spatial distribution with emphasis on environmental considerations (Case Study: Hablehrud catchment-Semnan province (
Mohammad Reza Delghandi Mir Masood Kheirkhah ZarkeshIn spite of human knowledge and technology development, unfortunately, the situation of the environment at national, regional and international levels is critical and complex. We can no longer expect that with economic and industrial development the environment remains MoreIn spite of human knowledge and technology development, unfortunately, the situation of the environment at national, regional and international levels is critical and complex. We can no longer expect that with economic and industrial development the environment remains intact, but the reduction of pollution and its harmful effects using high technology can ensure the health, growth and excellence of present and future life on Earth. Multi-criteria decision-making System (MCDM) has been used to improve decision-making and management process. The spatial information systems are suitable for spatial data analysis. Also, Geographic information systems have been used to properly determine suitable areas for industrial and mining activities and its impacts assessment on the environment. In this study, using ecological, economic and social criteria and their integration with MCDM and GIS, the study area based on its sensitivity to mining activities were mapped. Also Environmental considerations consists of impact of mining activities on the urban settlements, rural settlements, surface water, groundwater, wildlife habitat, agriculture, tourism and vegetation were analyzed. Based on zoning map of the sensitivity of the active area of the mineral gypsum, range, interference within the mining and production zones were identified. The results showed that 15% of the mineral sector with a range of prohibited activities, 6% in the zone of extreme sensitivity, 11% in the zone of high sensitivity, and 58% moderate and 10% is located in the zone of low sensitivity. Which implies the fact that 26 of the total 52 mining operations across the range of prohibited activities that should be stopped. It has been elaborated that the priority for planning must be related to the management of this moderate sensitive zone. The survey also shown that two criteria consists of the agriculture area and surface water had the most interaction with the unsafe mineral activities. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
68 - The Study of the Physicochemical Quality of Drinking Wells Water in Zarghan County during a Five-year-period of 2011-2015
Fatemeh Tamadon Haniyeh NowzariBackground and Objective: Providing safe drinking water is so essential for human consumption adequately and healthy. Therefore, knowledge of the physicochemical quality of water resources can play a major role in their utilization and consumption for drinking. Measurem MoreBackground and Objective: Providing safe drinking water is so essential for human consumption adequately and healthy. Therefore, knowledge of the physicochemical quality of water resources can play a major role in their utilization and consumption for drinking. Measurement and monitoring of water quality parameters is the first step for ensuring safe water. The aim of this study was to investigate the quality of drinking water wells of Zarghan plain in Fars province.Methods: For this purpose, the data of meteorology, groundwater level and physicochemical experiments of 12 parameters including Total Dissolved Solids, Total Hardness, Electrical Conductivity, pH, Sulfate, Bicarbonate, Nitrate, Sodium, Calcium, Magnesium, Chloride and Fluoride of ten drinking water wells in Zarghan rural district during 2011-2016 were used.Findings: Data were analyzed by Pearson correlation matrix and one sample t-test using SPSS software. The results of comparing different parameters of water wells in Zarghan area with the national standard during 5-year-period showed that with decreasing groundwater level due to drought, the amount of Magnesium, Chloride, Sodium, Total Hardness and Electrical Conductivity increased and exceeded the maximum standard limit for drinking.Discussion and Conclusion: Water wells no. 1, 2, 4 and 7 have a better level of drinking water quality than water wells no. 5, 6, 9 and 10 due to decreasing rain and drought, uncontrolled harvesting of groundwater resources, and differences in the matter nature and type of soil of each part of the area. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
69 - Analysis of preschool textbooks in terms of attention to environmental components
Arezoo porkar khadijeh azar Mahdiyeh Shadpoor GavabariBackground and Objective: Education is the most effective mechanism for society to deal with the greatest challenge of this century; That is, environmental pollution. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the attention to environmental education in preschool textboo MoreBackground and Objective: Education is the most effective mechanism for society to deal with the greatest challenge of this century; That is, environmental pollution. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the attention to environmental education in preschool textbooks. Material and Methodology: All Guilan preschool education textbooks were selected as the statistical population of the research and considering the nature of the present study, the entire statistical population was considered as the sample. The Study tools was a content analysis research checklist, including Wisconsin standards of environmental education. Accordingly, in the preschool textbooks, the sub-components related to each of the five key components of the above standards were extracted and each component was formulated into five sub-components. Findings: After coding and counting the frequency of each of the sub-components, using descriptive statistics (frequency, relative frequency and cumulative frequency), the most attention was paid to the field of question and analysis skills (84.72%); then, personal and civil responsibility (6.38%); the skill of action and decision making (5%); the knowledge of natural processes and systems (2.77%); and, finally, the skill of studying environmental issues have allocated the least amount of attention (1.11%). Discussion and Conclusion: Since the attention to the criterias of environmental education in the content of preschool curriculum was not optimal and satisfactory, which is considered as a disadvantage of these books. Therefore, duo to the importance of teaching these issues in preschool education as Basic course in child learning, it is suggested that educational content planners focus more on textbook compilation, revision and incorporation of environmental education indicators and standards into textbooks. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
70 - Using of Life Cycle Assessment to survey environmental impacts of products
Elma Mohammadi Seyed hamed Mirkarimi Marjan MohammadzadehSocieties are going toward informed and proper usage of resources in respond to the widespread environmental problems. Value of terms like environmental friendly products and green technologies are increased among managers and users day by day. In this regard, Life Cycl MoreSocieties are going toward informed and proper usage of resources in respond to the widespread environmental problems. Value of terms like environmental friendly products and green technologies are increased among managers and users day by day. In this regard, Life Cycle Assessment method with the goal of surveying environmental impacts of products, considers all of the processes and materials used for building, using and after using phases of a product. The application of this method is increasing in the global scientific and industrial community, but in our country there has not been sufficient attention to this subject, thus this paper was written in order to introduce this method. In different parts of this research, first the development and completion of this method, some of its usages in different economic sectors, and the way of accomplishing its 4 stages were explained. Then some available software to accomplish this method was compared with each other. Finally, future prospect of Life Cycle Assessment was described, and it seems that this method is going toward considering component of sustainable development (People, Planet, and Prosperity). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
71 - Determination of heavy metal (Lead) concentration in water, gill, liver and muscles tissues of Capoeta capoeta in Palangrood River of Glian
Mojtaba Azimi Ask Shahr Maryam ShapooriLead pollution due to toxic effects is one of the biggest problems of natural resources and environment. The current research have been done in winter 2012 till summer 2012, in order to measure the rate of pollution in the heavy metal, lead, in the water and the tissues MoreLead pollution due to toxic effects is one of the biggest problems of natural resources and environment. The current research have been done in winter 2012 till summer 2012, in order to measure the rate of pollution in the heavy metal, lead, in the water and the tissues of Lenkoran (Capoeta capoeta gracilis) fish (liver, gills and muscles) in Palangrood river, located in Abatar city of Somesara, Gilan province. Water and fish samples have been collected from three specific stations. Water sampler and net vetch were used respectively for taking samples from water of the river and catching fish. After carrying out tests on the samples, we analyzed them statistically by excel software; also regression test was used for the study of cohesion. The density of lead in gills, liver and muscles are respectively 50.7 mg/kg, 34.2 mg/kg and 24.3 mg/kg; according to data, lead density is higher than WHO, FAO, USFDA and NHMRC standards. The results are showed that rates of the measured element in the samples higher than limitations of discussed standards and the region is densely polluted with the lead heavy metal. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
72 - A study of Persian and Arabic computer Unicode fonts
Fariba Sultani NejadThinkers have always considered the human development as a consequence of the invention of alphabet and writing system. At present time computer fonts are the main bases of digital texts which for sure will result in a modern civilization. Unfortunately t MoreThinkers have always considered the human development as a consequence of the invention of alphabet and writing system. At present time computer fonts are the main bases of digital texts which for sure will result in a modern civilization. Unfortunately the Persian language has remained obsolete in this regard in the age of computer technology in spite of a proud history. There are only a few standard fonts available for use in the internet. The present article tries to find solutions for this straitened circumstance through introduction of Unicode fonts according to the standards of the Institute of industrial research and comparing them with popular fonts and discussing their weaknesses. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
73 - Norm breaking in Ahmad Matar poetry
Azam dehghani Roghiyeh Rostam Pour MalekiAhmad Matar – Iraqi satirical poet – attempted to save the Arabic governments from imperialistic yoke who tried to arrogate nations’ freedom. His poetic language has sensible characteristics which the poet applies them in order to invite people to free MoreAhmad Matar – Iraqi satirical poet – attempted to save the Arabic governments from imperialistic yoke who tried to arrogate nations’ freedom. His poetic language has sensible characteristics which the poet applies them in order to invite people to freedom and liberty. Norm breaking is one of his poetry’s features. The present article tries to survey the vocal norm breaking – including rhyme, rhythm, and phoneme norm breaking – in Ahmad Matar’s poetry in descriptive – analytic method by using contemporary critic and study the reasons of this kind norm which are: tendency to modernism, expressing the expectations and discomforts. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
74 - Evaluating the thermal comfort of humans by RayMan model in Lake Urmia Basin, Iran
Khadijeh Javan Farhad Nasiri -
Open Access Article
75 - A Literature Review of the Accounting Theory and the Conceptual Framework of Financial Accounting Standards Board
Hassan ChenariPurpose: The purpose of the present study is to review the effect of the accounting theory on the conceptual framework and its consequences.Method: The research method is historical cognition within the framework of library studies and it is considered a theoretical-ana MorePurpose: The purpose of the present study is to review the effect of the accounting theory on the conceptual framework and its consequences.Method: The research method is historical cognition within the framework of library studies and it is considered a theoretical-analytical research based on other studies related to the subject.Results: Accounting theory has had an important effect on the conceptual framework and accounting theorists such as Charles Sprague, Henry Rand Hatfield, William Paton, A. C. Littleton, George O. May, Maurice Moonitz, George Sorter, and Robert Sprague have had a significant role in this regard. The conceptual framework is often regarded as the output of a technocrat process but the impact of accounting theorists on the conceptual framework is evident. Accounting procedures and standards affect the behavior of corporations, governments, and individuals. Therefore, it is important to know how the process of standards formation, from dependence to accounting theory until the next stage of formation of accounting standards based on conceptual framework and the significance of this change, is developed. Conclusion: Although the main purpose of the conceptual framework is to expand a series of concepts and principles to compile accounting standards, decreasing variation in accounting procedures and moving towards integrity within widespread layers can be regarded as some other objectives in this field. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
76 - A New Design for Active Isolation of Patient's Compartment from Ambulance Body using the Adaptive Control Method
Aliasghar Meraji Saied Mahjoub Moghadas -
Open Access Article
77 - Validation of Managers’ Promotional Assessment Center in Isfahan Gas Company
Mahdiehsadat Khoshouei Hamidreza Oreyzi Afshin JahanbaziThe goal of this research was validation of manager’s promotional assessment center in Isfahan Gas company.In order to achieve the goal, according to assessment center designed Isfahan Gas company (khoshouei, Oreyzi and Nouri, 2014) eight mid-level managers MoreThe goal of this research was validation of manager’s promotional assessment center in Isfahan Gas company.In order to achieve the goal, according to assessment center designed Isfahan Gas company (khoshouei, Oreyzi and Nouri, 2014) eight mid-level managers of companyas participant and thirteen experts with masters’ degree at industrial and organizational psychology as expert and assessorselected purposefully (homogeneous sampling). Then, experts were completed the training course effectiveness questionnaire and simulation exercise effectiveness questionnaire, assessors were completed the simulation exercise effectiveness questionnaire and behaviorally anchored rating scale and managers were completed the simulation exercise effectiveness questionnaire and managerial dimensional questionnaire (Khoshouei, 2012). Therefore, standardization (by survey of experts and managers), face validiy (by survey of experts and assessors), content validiy (by survey of managers), concurrent validiy (by correlation of simulations ratings and managerial dimensional questionnaire) and construct validiy (multi-trait multi-method analysis) were established.Reliability of assessment center were found to be confirmatory by inter- rater reliability, intra-rater reliability, reliability of same dimensions in different exersices, and behaviorally anchored rating scale reliability. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
78 - Standardization and Study of the Psychometric Properties of Randolph Attachment Disorder Questionnaire
Mahsa Movahed Abtahi Shole Amiri Golita EmsakiThe purpose of the present study was standardization and study of the psychometric properties of Randolph Attachment Disorder Questionnaire in Isfahan. This study was a survey research and was implemented among 7 to 12 year old students of Isfahan. Among statistical p MoreThe purpose of the present study was standardization and study of the psychometric properties of Randolph Attachment Disorder Questionnaire in Isfahan. This study was a survey research and was implemented among 7 to 12 year old students of Isfahan. Among statistical population, 340 students were selected using multistage sampling, and their parents responded to the items in Randolph Attachment Disorder Questionnaire . Due to percentile ranks and ROC table, the score of 30 was selected as the best cut off point which was equal to percentile rank 90. The face validity and construct validity of the questionnaire was approved by experts. The discriminant validity was studied using discriminant analysis. The reliability was desirable (0.83) using Cronbach’s alpha. Exploratory factor analysis approved 3 distinct factors in the questionnaire structure that were titled as bullying, impulsiveness and antisocial behaviors. According to the results obtaining from the validity and reliability analysis of Randolph attachment disorder questionnaire, this instrument is reliable and valid and is capable to be used in Iranian society in order to investigate attachment disorder. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
79 - Validation and standardization of Four Factor Parenting Questionnaire in mothers of elementairy school students
mojtaba rahimi hossein molavi Mojtaba Ansarishahidi akram dehghaniThe purpose of this study was to determine validation and standardization of Four Factor Parenting Questionnaire in mothers of elementary school students. Therefore 200 mothers who referred to the Psychological Services and counseling center of Isfahan ministry of MoreThe purpose of this study was to determine validation and standardization of Four Factor Parenting Questionnaire in mothers of elementary school students. Therefore 200 mothers who referred to the Psychological Services and counseling center of Isfahan ministry of Education were randomly through convenience sampling selected and were asked to answer the Baumrind Parenting Style Inventory (Baumrind) and the items of Four Factor Parenting Questionnaire that is designed by Shyny (2017) based on the eastern parenting cultural context. The results of confirmatory factor analysis showed that the four factor model fitted the data on the factors were named: Authoritarian, Authoritative, Permissive and Uninvolved (P-VALUE=0.00000). Also the concurrent validity coefficients of the questionnaire with the Baumrind Parenting Style Inventory were satisfactory. The cronbach alpha coefficients of the factors were also higher than .80. The results show that the Four Factor Parenting Questionnaire has appropriate characteristics and totally can be used in the Iranian sample and can use it for treatment aims and research. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
80 - The Comparison of Descriptive and Traditional Evaluation Methods Based on the Quartet Evaluation Standards from the Viewpoint of Elementary School Teachers in Tehran City
rasol davoudi محبوبه شکرالهیThe purpose of this study is to compare descriptive and traditional evaluation methods based on quartet evaluation standards (utility, propriety feasibility, and accuracy) from the viewpoint of elementary school teachers in Tehran city. In order to achieve this aim, and MoreThe purpose of this study is to compare descriptive and traditional evaluation methods based on quartet evaluation standards (utility, propriety feasibility, and accuracy) from the viewpoint of elementary school teachers in Tehran city. In order to achieve this aim, and besides the review of literature, opinions of all teachers (40 persons) in executive schools of descriptive evaluation project were gathered through researcher-made questionnaire. The results of data analysis show that descriptive evaluation adjusts better to evaluation standards. In addition, among the mentioned standards, the efficiency standard represents more adjustments than feasibility standards with descriptive evaluation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
81 - Planning a Framework for Entrepreneurship Workshop for Professional Competency Promotion of Urmia University Faculty Members Based on Entrepreneurship National Organization Standards and its validation based on Expert’s viewpoints
Parvaneh Taghinezhad Ezatollah Naderi Maryam Seif NaraghiThe purpose of this study was to Planning a Framework for Entrepreneurship Workshop for Professional Competency Promotion of Urmia University Faculty Members Based on Entrepreneurship National Organization Standards and its Evaluation Experts. Methodologically, this stu MoreThe purpose of this study was to Planning a Framework for Entrepreneurship Workshop for Professional Competency Promotion of Urmia University Faculty Members Based on Entrepreneurship National Organization Standards and its Evaluation Experts. Methodologically, this study was a "mixed" exploratory study. The statistical population were three group including all faculty members of University, curriculum planning specialists, and entrepreneurship specialists of Urmia universities. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire that was sent to all individuals. After the necessary follow-ups, in some cases, contact with individuals, we received 27 questionnaires from curriculum specialists, 261 from university faculty members and 49 from entrepreneurship specialists. In designing the proposed curriculum for workshops extracted and suggested features were categorized in three areas including "cognitive", "emotional" and "skills". Finding showed that there were about 11 features for the "objectives" element of the workshop curriculum, 13 features for "content", 12 Features for "learning activities", 18 features for "teaching methods", and 9 features for "evaluation". Descriptive statistics were used to examine the views of different groups on the proposed features and Chi-square test was used to validate the proposed framework; Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software and Visio software was used to draw the final pattern. Findings showed that the validity of the proposed framework is valid for the sample groups. It is suggested that the obtained findings be used to develop the curriculum of entrepreneurship training workshops for faculties. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
82 - High Level Modeling of AES in QCA Technology
Mojdeh Mahdavi Mohammad Amin Amiri -
Open Access Article
83 - Distributed Routing Protocol in Wireless Sensor Networks through Mimetic Algorithm and Time-Sharing Approach to Select Cluster Head
Sahar Nassirpour Shayesteh Tabatabaei -
Open Access Article
84 - Monitoring and prediction land use/ land cover changes and its relation to drought (Case study: sub-basin Parsel B2, Zayandeh Rood watershed)
Shahin Mohammadi Khalil Habashi Saeed PormanafiLand use and land cover (LULC) change because of its impact on natural ecosystems has become a concern for natural resources protectors and managers. The present study aimed to predict LULC changes and also to study the relation of drought with these changes in the sub- MoreLand use and land cover (LULC) change because of its impact on natural ecosystems has become a concern for natural resources protectors and managers. The present study aimed to predict LULC changes and also to study the relation of drought with these changes in the sub-basin Parsel B2 with an area of 21100 hectares using CA-Markov model and Standard Precipitation Index (SPI). For this purpose, using the preprocessed images of the sensors TM, ETM+, and OLI for the years 1986, 2001 and 2016, respectively, the LULC map was provided with supervised classification and maximum likelihood method. To validate the CA-Markov model, the LULC maps have been predicting for 2016 and they were compared to the reference land use map of 2016. After ensuring the accuracy of the predicted results for the year 2016, the related land use and land cover maps were predicted for the year 2030. The result showed a relation between LULC changes and drought condition. Based on result predicted for the year 2030, rain-fed agriculture 6.95% increase and range land 6.66% decrease in area. Thus In the event of drought and abandonment rain-fed agriculture land, soil erosion, increasing and also grazing pressure on the remaining range land causing range land degradation. Therefore, if the current land use strategy with current management remain, land degradation in the region will be inevitable. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
85 - Surveying of the past, present, and future of vegetation changes in the central Alborz ranges in relation to climate change
Diana Askarizadeh Hosein Arzani Mohammad Jafary Javad Bazrafshan Iain colin PrenticeAcceleration of climate trend change is caused by the swift shift of rangeland conditions that using modern methods of evaluation to them are counted to sustainable management of the rangelands. In order for an investigation of trend change of rangeland vegetation due t MoreAcceleration of climate trend change is caused by the swift shift of rangeland conditions that using modern methods of evaluation to them are counted to sustainable management of the rangelands. In order for an investigation of trend change of rangeland vegetation due to climate change, central Alborz rangelands were selected. Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) for the period of 30-year (1987-2016) was extracted by Landsat satellite, TM, ETM+, and OLI series. Drought periods were determined using the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI). The Markov Chain model was used to anticipate the future changes of rangeland vegetation. The results showed that the vegetation cover index’s changes have risen and fallen for three decades in which, despite of increasing for some years 1986 (0.86), 2002 (0.87), 2005 (0.87), and 2015 (0.86); the changes trend was decreasingly for 1995 (0.53), 1998 (0.65), 2000 (0.62), and 2008 (0.61) years, especially for fair to very poor classes. The highest correlation (91.5%) between the SPI and NDVI was shown that severe to moderate drought has taken place along with decreased vegetation periods. Moreover, the Markov Chain model has anticipated a forcible declined change of vegetation cover for 2031 and 2046 periods. Therefore, range management approaches have to prepare itself in order to the gradual increase of temperature, which has destructive effects on vegetation cover, via regulating of grazing capacity and replacing of highly performance livestock in the future. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
86 - Evaluation of indices based on remote sensing in drought monitoring of Neyriz city
Mohammad ShabaniBackground and Objective Knowing the extent and severity of drought in a region and planning to reduce its effects is one of the most important principles of management in regional planning to combat drought. Drought monitoring and management in an area using remote sen MoreBackground and Objective Knowing the extent and severity of drought in a region and planning to reduce its effects is one of the most important principles of management in regional planning to combat drought. Drought monitoring and management in an area using remote sensing data and satellite imagery as a suitable tool in temporal and spatial monitoring of agricultural drought has always been the focus of regional managers. The purpose of this study is to investigate the efficiency of remote sensing data and satellite images in the zoning of agricultural drought in the years 2000 to 2021 in Neyriz city. For this purpose, three vegetation condition index (VCI), temperature condition index (TCI), and vegetation health index (VHI) were extracted from MODIS satellite images for the desired time period. The results of these indices were compared with the values of the standard precipitation index (SPI) in time series of 1, 3, 6, 9, 12, 18, 24, and 48 months.Materials and Methods The study area in this study is Neyriz city located in the southeast of Fars province with an area of 10787 Km2 and is part of one of the watersheds of Bakhtegan Lake. The average altitude of the region is 1798 meters, the maximum altitude of the region is 3235 meters and the minimum altitude is 1476 meters above sea level. The average annual rainfall, temperature, and evapotranspiration of the basin are 204.8 mm, 19 °C, and 1058.3 mm, respectively. In this study, the rainfall data of Neyriz synoptic station during the statistical period of 22 years (2000-2021) were used to calculate the SPI index in time series of 1, 3, 6, 9, 12, 18, 24, and 48 months. Then, 3 indices based on satellite imagery including vegetation condition (VCI), temperature condition index (TCI), and plant health index (VHI) were extracted from Modis measured data for May month from 2008 to 2021 and with standard precipitation index (SPI) were compared in time series of 1, 3, 6, 9, 12, 18, 24 and 48 months based on the correlation coefficient. Finally, the most appropriate drought index based on satellite images was selected from the indices and the percentage of drought classes was determined based on the selected index in the study area.Results and Discussion The results of calculating the values of the SPI index using DIP software in time series of 1, 3, 6, 9, 12, 18, 24, and 48 months in the statistical period of 2000-2021 showed that the trend of curves in some years is decreasing, in some years it has been increasing and in most years it has been almost normal. On average, the incidence of droughts and wetlands according to the SPI index in different time series during the statistical period is 68% in normal conditions, 18% in wet conditions, and 16% in drought conditions. The results of calculating the SPI index in different ground series were analyzed based on data from synoptic stations and remote sensing data. For this purpose, the values obtained from all indices based on satellite images including VCI, TCI, and VHI are extracted and compared and their correlation coefficient with the ground SPI index in time series 1, 3, 6, 9, 12, 18, 24, and 48 became. VCI index values in 2000 have the lowest value (32.1%) and in 2020 have the highest value (41.3%) during May. Therefore, based on the value of the VCI index during the statistical period in 2008, severe drought conditions prevailed in the region, and in 2020, more favorable vegetation and wetting conditions prevailed in the region. The results obtained from the SPI index in different time series also confirm the fact that the most severe drought and wet season during the statistical period studied in the two years 2000 and 2020, respectively, in the region. In addition, the VCI index is most correlated with the SPI index in different series and the SPI relationship is significant with the all-time series. TCI index has no significant correlation with any of the time series and has a weak correlation with the SPI index in different time series. In addition, the VHI index has a significant correlation with time series of one, three, six, and twelve months only at the level of 5% and its correlation with the SPI index in different time series is much less than the VCI index. Spatial distribution of drought intensity based on the values of the studied indices in May 2008 showed that the eastern parts of the region, which is also located at low altitudes, have been more affected by drought. The study of the area affected by drought classes based on the TCI index in 2008 showed that there is no very severe drought in the study area, 11% of the area suffers from moderate drought, 22% of the area suffers from mild drought and 67% has no drought. According to the VCI index, the level of severe drought on the date is 0.14%, severe at 0.33%, moderate at 17%, mild at 77%, and no drought at 6%. Also, according to the VHI index, there is no severe or severe drought in the study area only 9% of the area suffers from moderate drought and 91% does not have a drought. Spatial distribution of drought severity based on the values of the studied indices in May 2020 shows that in the study area according to the TCI index there is no very severe drought on the target date and 5% of the area has moderate drought, 22% drought Mild and 73% lack drought. According to the VCI index on the target date, the percentage of drought is very severe 0.5%, severe 0.8%, moderate 5%, mild 31%, and no drought 62%. Also, according to the VHI index in May 1999, 0.2% of the area has a moderate drought, 30% has a mild drought and 69% has no drought. According to this index, there is no very severe drought in the region.Conclusion Drought is one of the most important natural disasters that affect millions of people and large parts of the world every year. This phenomenon, which starts slowly and has a creeping nature, can cause a lot of damage to agriculture, natural resources, and the environment. Knowing how to occur and preparing drought severity maps based on new methods has a very positive and serious impact on drought management in an area. One of the new and widely used methods in temporal and spatial monitoring of drought is the use of drought indices based on satellite images, which has recently been used in drought-related topics. The results of the SPI index analysis showed that in most time series, the most severe drought and wet season during the study period occurred in 2000 and 2020, respectively. The results also showed that the temperature condition index (TCI) has no significant correlation with any of the time series and has a weak correlation with the SPI index in different time series. The plant health index (VHI) with time series of one, three, six, and twelve months has a significant correlation at the level of 5% and its correlation with the SPI index in different time series is less than the vegetation condition index (VCI). The value of the VCI index in 2008 had the lowest value (32.1%) and in 2020 had the highest value (41.3%) during May, which is consistent with the results obtained from the SPI index in the region. A comparison of the results of this study with the results of other researchers shows the excellent accuracy of remote sensing indices in drought monitoring. Therefore, the use of remote sensing technology in drought monitoring in areas that do not have meteorological stations or have meteorological stations with low density or scattered is recommended. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
87 - Drought prediction and modeling by hybrid wavelet method and neural network algorithms
Jahanbakhsh Mohammadi Alireza Vafaeinezhad Saeed Behzadi Hossein Aghamohammadi Amirhooman HemmasiBackground and Objective A drought crisis is a dry period of climate that can occur anywhere globally and with any climate. Although this crisis starts slowly, it can have a serious impact on health, agricultural products, the economy, energy, and the environment for a MoreBackground and Objective A drought crisis is a dry period of climate that can occur anywhere globally and with any climate. Although this crisis starts slowly, it can have a serious impact on health, agricultural products, the economy, energy, and the environment for a long time to come. Drought severely threatens human livelihood and health and increases the risk of various diseases. Therefore, modeling and predicting drought is one of the most important and serious issues in the scientific community. In the past, mathematical and statistical models such as simple regression, Auto-regression (AR), moving average (MA), and ARIMA were used to model the drought. In recent years, machine learning methods and computational intelligence to model and predict drought have been of great interest to scientists. Computational intelligence algorithms that have been previously considered by scientists to model drought include multilayer perceptron neural network, RBF neural network, support vector machine, fuzzy, and ANFIS methods. In this research, the purpose of modeling and predicting drought is by using three neural network algorithms, including multilayer perceptron, RBF neural network, and generalized regression neural. The drought index used in this research is the standardized precipitation index (SPI). In this research, the wavelet technique in combination with artificial neural network algorithms for modeling and predicting drought in 10 synoptic stations in Iran (Abadan, Babolsar, Bandar Abbas, Kerman, Mashhad, Rasht, Saqez, Tehran, Tabriz, and Zahedan) have been used in different climates and with suitable spatial distribution throughout Iran.Materials and Methods This study, initially using monthly precipitation data between 1961 and 2017, SPI drought index in time scales of 3, 6, 12, 18, 24, and 48 months through programming in soft environment MATLAB software implemented. The results of this step were validated using the available scientific software MDM and Drinc. Then, prediction models were designed using the Markov chain. In this study, a total of six computational intelligence models, including three single models of multilayer perceptron neural network (MLP), radial basis function neural network (RBF), and generalized regression neural network (GRNN), and three hybrids wavelet models with these three models (WMLP-WRBF-WGRNN) have been used to model and predict the SPI index in 10 stations of this research. In implementing all these six models, the MATLAB software programming environment has been used. In this study, four types of discrete wavelets were used, including Daubechies, Symlets, Coiflets, and Biorthogonal. Due to the better performance of the Dobbies wavelet, this type of wavelet was used as a final option in the research. In the Daubechies wavelet used between levels 1 to 45, level 3 showed the best performance among different SPI time scales; therefore, the Daubechies level 3 wavelet was used in all hybrid models of this study. After training all six algorithms used, the evaluation criteria of coefficient of determination (R2) and root mean square error (RMSE) was used to measure the difference between actual and estimated values.Results and Discussion The results of this study showed that computational intelligence methods have high accuracy in modeling and predicting the SPI drought index. In the first stage, the results showed that the individual MLP, RBF, and GRNN models, if properly trained, have close results in modeling and predicting the SPI drought index. In the next step, it was observed that the wavelet technique would improve the modeling results. In using the wavelet technique in combination with three single models MLP, RBF, and GRNN, the choice of wavelet type is also more effective in modeling, so in this research, the first of the four types of discrete wavelets Daubechies, Symlet, Qoiflet, and Biorthogonal in combination with Three single models of this research were used and the results of these four types of wavelets showed the relative superiority of the Daubechies wavelet over the other three wavelets. In using the Daubechies wavelet, since this wavelet has 45 times and the choice of order was also effective in modeling, it was observed by testing the wavelet 45 times that the 3rd wavelet, in general, has higher accuracy in all time scales of SPI index, 3, 6, 12, 18, 24 and 48 months and also in all three algorithms MLP, RBF, and GRNN. Therefore, in this research, the third-order Daubechies wavelet was used in all three algorithms of this research, as well as in all time scales. The results showed that combining the wavelet technique with all three models MLP, RBF, and GRNN will improve the results. The research graphs showed that for the quarterly time scale, the values obtained from the single model prediction in MLP and RBF modeling have a somewhat one-month phase difference compared to the hybrid model, while in the GRNN model, this prediction difference is negligible. The modeling results for both single and hybrid modeling modes indicate that there is no phase difference between the single and hybrid modeling methods in time scales of 6, 12, 18, 24, and 48. For the 12- and 24-month time scales, the single GRNN model had more fluctuations and errors in SPI monthly modeling and forecasting, while the hybrid model in these two-time scales had much better behavior in monthly modeling and forecasting. Distribution diagrams of data related to observational SPI of Abadan station showed that the modeling results for single and hybrid modes in 3 and 6-month time scales are less accurate than other time scales and fit line separation, and its uncertainty is higher than others. However, in all neural network models and in all time scales, the hybrid method has shown more accuracy. The numerical results of the study indicate that in all SPIs and stations under study, the differential values of R2 are positive, which indicates higher values of R2 in the hybrid model than in single neural network modeling, which indicates an improvement in hybrid modeling compared to individual models. Also, the differential values of RMSE are negative in all studied models and stations, which indicates that the amount of RMSE in predicting hybrid models is lower than individual neural network models. In the research graphs, it can be seen that the amount of differences in RMSE and R2 indicates a greater difference in time scales 3 and 6 than the time scales 12, 18, 24, and 48, which somehow goes back to the nature of the data of these time scales. The most significant improvement in R2 and RMSE is from the 3-month low to the 48-month high, respectively.Conclusion From the findings of this study, it can be concluded that artificial neural network algorithms are efficient methods for modeling and predicting the SPI drought index. The use of wavelets in all three models of artificial neural networks will also improve the results. It can also be concluded that for better modeling of the SPI drought index, it is necessary to select the optimal wavelet type and order. From the results of this study, it can be concluded that the wavelet technique has a greater impact on the lower time scales, i.e., 3 and 6 months, than the higher scales, i.e., 24 and 48 months. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
88 - Presentation a secure structure for designing and implementing a comprehensive system of geographical marking of the country's places
Rasul Babaei Jaber Karimpour:In today's digital world, having a unique geographical address is essential for any government. In this regard, a project called the National Standard Spatial Address Plan has been created to code and identify the geographical locations of the country, which is the key More:In today's digital world, having a unique geographical address is essential for any government. In this regard, a project called the National Standard Spatial Address Plan has been created to code and identify the geographical locations of the country, which is the key to connecting information distributed in different organizations. With regard to the distribution of information in different organizations, there are important points about confidentiality, ownership and access to information. The unique geographical address is a challenge between different governing organizations as well as the people and non-profit organizations of a country. There are several dimensions to these challenges, the challenges of integrating information in different organizations and the rules of access and security of confidential information are the most fundamental challenges of this system. These challenges become more and more vital when this information needs to be made available to different organizations with different access capabilities. In this research, a method for integration based on service-oriented architecture is presented. A centralized security service has been proposed at the services routing layer to control, inspect and manage, establish and maintain access and privacy rules. The study shows that the proposed method has significantly improved the challenges of access, ownership, integration, centralized management and inspection of communications and access levels. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
89 - A new method in the security of encryption systems by unbalanced gates
seyyed hamidreza mousavi mehdi safaeian Amir Hassan Ahmadi GhalehIntroductionNowadays, sharing information in communication systems and computers demands high levels of security. Side channel attacks are mainly considered as a main challenge in cryptographic systems which they are used as attacking techniques to break encrypted devic MoreIntroductionNowadays, sharing information in communication systems and computers demands high levels of security. Side channel attacks are mainly considered as a main challenge in cryptographic systems which they are used as attacking techniques to break encrypted devices such as smart cards. The purpose of this research is introducing a new plan for strengthening on-chip encryption algorithms. The proposed plan is based on using Phase-Locked Loop (PLL) and enhanced XOR gate in Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) algorithm. In this approach, by disturbing the power consumption and time of execution for each different round of the algorithm, the encryption algorithm is protected against Differential Power Attacks (DPA). The proposed method has been implemented in TSMC 65nm technology in Cadence and the results show that the algorithm becomes immune against DPA using this method. As overheads, the silicon area and power consumption increased about 33% and 25%, respectively, whereas, the clock rate has been reduced less than 3%. MethodIn modern digital systems, if the data in the systems carries classified information, data encryption is unavoidable. For example, encryption in smart cards, portable electronic devices, mobile phones and remote control devices use encryption systems to deal with unauthorized intruders [1][2]. One of the requirements of today's electronic systems is high speed, low power consumption and information security. The basis of this method is the combination of the two characteristics of delay and power noise injection into the system using gates,ResultsThe comparison of the results in the simulation mode showed that the system has a good resistance against DPA attacksOne of the characteristics that exist to check the ability of retrofitting methods is the amount of hardware overhead and the imposition of additional power in the proposed retrofitting method. To check this issue, the hardware overhead and power consumption of the implemented method are presented in Table (2).DiscussionWith a reasonable number of power diagrams, so that compared to In the previous designs, the number of power diagrams has been almost doubled and the only overhead cost of the system is the increase in the volume of the occupied space by 33% and the power consumption by 20%. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
90 - Deformation Field Produced by a Doublet Source in a Half-Space Model
N Verma K Singh -
Open Access Article
91 - An Exploration into Iranian Novice versus Experienced EFL Teachers’ Perceptions toward a New Model of Teacher Supervision
Ashraf Montaseri Reza Pajoohan Doost Davood Ghahremani -
Open Access Article
92 - Investigating the effects of time variables of gold, crude oil and foreign exchange markets on herding behavior in Tehran Stock Foreign exchange
Sepideh Behnam Reza Tehrani Bita Tabrizian -
Open Access Article
93 - Replacing IFRS instead of Iranian accounting standard
Seyyed Mohammad Ali Mirmasoumi Roya Darabi -
Open Access Article
94 - Inverse modeling of gravity field data due to finite vertical cylinder using modular neural network and least-squares standard deviation method
Ata Eshaghzadeh Sanaz Seyedi Sahebari Roghayeh Alsadat Kalantari -
Open Access Article
95 - Comparison of the Third- order moving average and least square methods for estimating of shape and depth residual magnetic anomalies
Mohammad Fouladi Mirsattar Meshinchi Asl Mahmoud Mehramuz Nima Nezafati -
Open Access Article
96 - Designing a Comprehensive Human Resources Model Based on ISO34000 Standard
Shirin Danaei Shandiz Davod Ghoroneh Moslem Charabin Ahmad Akbari -
Open Access Article
97 - Identifying The Influencing Factors Of Design Standardization In The Industrialization Of Architecture: Review And Future Directions
nastaran Esmaeili Mohsen vafamehr Hassan Rezaei ali khaki -
Open Access Article
98 - بررسی روند تغییرات زمانی و خصوصیات مکانی بارش و خشک سالی هواشناسی، در غرب کشور طی چند دهه اخیر
صفر معروفی حسین طبری علی آئینی حسین معروفیخشک سالی یکی از جدی­ترین مشکلات جوامع بشری و اکوسیستم­ها، در نتیجه تغییرپذیری اقلیمی است. این پدیده، سالانه موجب میلیاردها دلار خسارت در سطح جهان می­گردد و نسبت به دیگر بلایای طبیعی، مردم بیشتری را تحت تأثیر قرار می­دهد. در این تحقیق، روند تغییرات سری&sh Moreخشک سالی یکی از جدی­ترین مشکلات جوامع بشری و اکوسیستم­ها، در نتیجه تغییرپذیری اقلیمی است. این پدیده، سالانه موجب میلیاردها دلار خسارت در سطح جهان می­گردد و نسبت به دیگر بلایای طبیعی، مردم بیشتری را تحت تأثیر قرار می­دهد. در این تحقیق، روند تغییرات سری­های زمانی بارندگی و خشک سالی هواشناسی در ده ایستگاه واقع در غرب کشور، در دوره آماری 1384-1355 مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است. مقادیر شدت خشک سالی با استفاده از شاخص بارش استاندارد (SPI)، در مقیاس زمانی 12 ماهه محاسبه گردید. همچنین تحلیل روند داده­ها با استفاده از آزمون من-کندال و تخمین گر سِن انجام شده است. نتایج این تحقیق نشان داد که داده­های بارندگی و شدت خشک سالی، دارای تغییرات زیادی نسبت به میانگین در دوره مورد مطالعه بوده­اند. این تغییرات با افزایش خشکی به سمت شرق منطقه مورد مطالعه، فزونی یافته است. نتایج آزمون­ها نشان داد که سری­های زمانی بارندگی، دارای روند معنی­دار کاهشیمعنی­دار در ایستگاه­های سرپل ذهاب، بیجار، سنندج و سقز به ترتیب به میزان 99/7، 68/6، 51/5 و 03/5 میلی­متر در هر سال بوده است. همچنین شدت خشک سالی در ایستگاه­های کرمانشاه، سقز، سنندج و خرم­آباد در چهار دهه گذشته روند معنی­دار افزایشی داشته است. نتایج بدست آمده نشان داد که تمامی ایستگاه­های مطالعاتی، حداقل یک خشک سالی بسیار شدید را در دوره مورد مطالعه تجربه نموده­اند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
99 - Determination of the optimum weight of the 500-ml serum bottle using the k2 design of experimental (Case Study: Samen Pharmaceutical Co.)
Behnam Bayani Rad Hamideh Razavi Haniye Farahmand ali hadianfarIn industrial and manufacturing processes, there are several input factors in different levels, which may affect the final product characteristics. The design of experimental method, as one of the new quality improvement methods identifies the most important effective f MoreIn industrial and manufacturing processes, there are several input factors in different levels, which may affect the final product characteristics. The design of experimental method, as one of the new quality improvement methods identifies the most important effective factors factors on product quality by experimental design and adjusts its optimal levels. The purpose of this study was determination of the optimum weight of the 500-ml serum bottle using the 2k design of experimental, so that, if thicker, it would increase the consumption of the primary substance of P.P. And losses, and if it is used less than standard, it will cause deformation of the body and loss of the product. Because the serum production process faces some inevitable waste but subsequent changes in weight cause the consumption control not be properly performed, so after determining the weight the standard of the serum the conditions of the machine must be checked, it is possible to approach the production with a standard weight and the normal waste is under control. In this study, we tried to identify the factors affecting the weight of the serum bottle using 2k experimental design. After analyzing and evaluating the adequacy of the model, the results of analysis of variance and main effects graphs showed that the timing of cycle, the temperature of the heaters and the extruder circle had the most direct effect on the weight of the bottle. By controlling these factors, we can determine the weight fluctuations reduced the bottle. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
100 - Strategies for Applying Project Management Standards: EFQM Approach
Heresh GolpîraOne of the drawbacks of the EFQM model is its weakness in leading the organizations to improve their efficiencies. In this paper, the project management standards and their works of literature are contrastingly discussed and employed in order to define a good compound m MoreOne of the drawbacks of the EFQM model is its weakness in leading the organizations to improve their efficiencies. In this paper, the project management standards and their works of literature are contrastingly discussed and employed in order to define a good compound method to satisfy maximum coverage of EFQM model conditions and leading organizations to have better performance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
101 - Lingual Difference in the Translation of Early Versus Contemporary Dramatic texts in Iran
Elmira Solymanirad Ali khazaei far Masood khosh saligheThere are two general approaches in the area of drama translation: First, an approach that considers drama as literary text and translates it like other literary texts .Second, an approach that translates drama for performance purposes. These two approaches lead transl MoreThere are two general approaches in the area of drama translation: First, an approach that considers drama as literary text and translates it like other literary texts .Second, an approach that translates drama for performance purposes. These two approaches lead translators to use different strategies and language structures in the translation: the dual classification of dramatic texts into page and stage translation. This paper aims at investigating the language differences of dramatic texts in two different periods in Iran. For this aim, six dramas were selected (three dramas from the earlier periods of translating dramatic texts in Iran and three dramas from contemporary periods). They were analyzed from standard and colloquial language point of view. The results showed that translators followed standard language approach in translating the early dramatic texts although some Persian idioms and colloquial phrases were seen at some spots. And it showed that in contemporary translations that translators’ approach to translating dramatic texts is using colloquial language. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
102 - Investigating the quality status of orbitability in urban areas (Case study of Shamsabad neighborhood of Malayer city)
masomeh taheri saeid YazdaniAbstractOne of the most important indicators in the urban standard is attention to the physical and social characteristics, which is one of the most important factors in explaining these indicators to the principles of pedestrian standard in urban sidewalks. Therefore, MoreAbstractOne of the most important indicators in the urban standard is attention to the physical and social characteristics, which is one of the most important factors in explaining these indicators to the principles of pedestrian standard in urban sidewalks. Therefore, in this study, the status of pedestrian capability criteria in Shamsabad neighborhood of Malayer city has been investigated. The method of data collection was a questionnaire and data analysis was performed according to the two-variable correlation method and two Pearson criteria and Friedman test. Findings indicate that Shamsabad Malayer neighborhood has created many problems in terms of landscape, environmental quality and low physical standards. For this reason, it can be said that the most important issue to improve the current situation and bring the conditions of Shamsabad neighborhood of Malayer closer to a standard pedestrian axis, is to create active 24-hour uses along with creating space inside this route. Also, attention should be paid to the universality of the route, ie the provision of access facilities for the disabled, children, women and etc.Keywords: Pedestrian, urban standards, social index, Malayer cit Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
103 - Standardization of Averill's Emotional Creativity
Mehrdad SabetBackground: Creative emotional responses have different levels and types. At the lowest level, emotional creativity is an application of previous emotions which are accepted in a culture. At the more complex level, the responses include moderation and alteration of the MoreBackground: Creative emotional responses have different levels and types. At the lowest level, emotional creativity is an application of previous emotions which are accepted in a culture. At the more complex level, the responses include moderation and alteration of the standard emotion. Purpose: The purpose of the study is to investigate the reliability, validity, and standardization of Averill's Emotional Creativity scale among undergraduate students in Islamic Azad University (IAU) Roudehen Branch. Method: It is a descriptive study. The sample included 300 students in Islamic Azad University, Roudehen branch who were randomly selected using staged sampling method. Findings: The results of the study indicated that the coefficient of relationship between Torrance Test of Creative Thinking and Averill's emotional creativity scale was 0.74 which showed a concurrent validity. In order to test the reliability, the index of any item was compared with the total index. Factor analysis was run with maximum likelihood solution, Varimax method, and Eigen value over 1. The results of KMO-Bartlett revealed the sample size adequacy. To determine the appropriate number of factors for Averill's Emotional Creativity, the matrix of explained variance was used. In this matrix, the factors over 1 were considered as independent factors. The results indicated 8 constructs (items) with high loading factors. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
104 - Investigation the possibility of supplying sand of Silica resources Hormozgan province for use in cement industry
Mohammad Poosti Mohammad Yazdi Shazdi SafariCement production in our country is increasing day by day. Cements control of production to be standard, nothidden from anyone. Now the combination of silica sand imported from Germany and cement production,concrete preparatio and compressive strength and flexural tests MoreCement production in our country is increasing day by day. Cements control of production to be standard, nothidden from anyone. Now the combination of silica sand imported from Germany and cement production,concrete preparatio and compressive strength and flexural tests conducted on concrete compared with thestandard resistance and will be acceptance or rejection. Due to the existing index of silica has been prepared inseveral region of Hormozgan (region Hajiabad) necessary samples (5 samples) of various outcrops of silica. Thesample is placed on chemical analysis of silica and other elements were determined. Also, in order to identifyminerals and to determine fracture and …, initial sample preparation and thin sections were studiedmicroscopically. The sample was selected according to preliminary studies. These samples were crushed andthen grain classification. Three samples of silica sand inside and The German standard sand molded and thestandard procedure of choice, Compressive and flexural strength of concrete produced, was measured.Comparison of the concrete compressive strength and flexural provided with The silica interventions Theamount of compressive strength and Made of concrete flexural With standard sand (German) and Nyzmqays.hother profile appearance and Standard of physical , the sample More appropriate was selected and suggested. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
105 - Development and validation of interpersonal intelligence test for elementary students
Farzaneh Dehghankar Abotaleb Sadati Shamir Hadi Bahrami Hasan AsadzadehPurpose: The purpose of this study was to construct and validate Gardner's interpersonal intelligence test for elementary students. Methodology: The method of this study was descriptive correlational in terms of data collection and it was mixed-method in terms of purpos MorePurpose: The purpose of this study was to construct and validate Gardner's interpersonal intelligence test for elementary students. Methodology: The method of this study was descriptive correlational in terms of data collection and it was mixed-method in terms of purpose and applied research. The study population consisted of all elementary students in the fifth and sixth grade elementary schools of the 5th district of Tehran in the academic year of 97-98 in Tehran who were selected by cluster sampling method. The researcher-made tools of the present study were Interpersonal Intelligence Questionnaire with 23 questions and four subscales (Relationship, Compatibility, Assistance and Workgroup) that validity and reliability of these tools were confirmed by confirmatory factor analysis and An exploration was carried out and approved. Findings: The results showed that model fit indices were suitable for 4 dimensions of interpersonal intelligence questionnaire. Conclusion: People with stronger interpersonal intelligence have a higher understanding of the relationship, maintain the rules and norms of a relationship, are more inclined to participate and work in a team, and are motivated for individual competition and contempt and ridicule. There are no others. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
106 - Standardization of the Third Edition of the Wadkock-Johnson Student Volunteering Scales in Elementary School Students in Islamshahr
Ali Vosoughi Colnteri Kambiz Kamkari Mehrnaz AzadyektaPurpose: In this research, "Standardization of the third edition of the Wadkock-Johnson Student Volunteering Scales in elementary school students in Islamshahr" was studied.. Methoed: The original questioning method has been developed to determine whether the thir MorePurpose: In this research, "Standardization of the third edition of the Wadkock-Johnson Student Volunteering Scales in elementary school students in Islamshahr" was studied.. Methoed: The original questioning method has been developed to determine whether the third edition of the Woodshow-Johnson Student Volunteering Scales in elementary school students in Islamshahr has internal consistency, stability coefficient, criterion validity, and desirable structure validity. The present research is in the field of psychometric planning. The present research community consists of all students of Eslamshahr primary schools. In this research, 720 students (from the first to the sixth and from each base of 30) were selected as the sample, following a randomized random sampling method. In this research, the third edition of the third edition of the Woodcock Johnson Cognitive Test series has been used as a tool that has a desirable validity and validity. Findings: The results of this study showed that by examining the internal consistency (using Alpha Cranbach method and two semiring tests with Spearman-Brown correction), stability by means of test-retest method revealed that the tool consisted of internal consistency of questions and desirable stability (higher Of 0.95). Also, the tool with the fifth version of the Stanford-Bineh Hoe Scale in elementary school students in Eslamshahr has a similarity of validity. Conclusion: Finally, the factor analysis revealed that this tool explains the factors of the seven factors of the Kotl-Horn-Carroll theory (CHC) in elementary school students in the city of Islamshahr. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
107 - Identifying and Ranking the Criteria for Evaluating the Performance of Azad University Faculty Members by the Analysis Network Process Method
Masoumeh Mirzakhani Amir Hossein Mahmoudi Maryam Mosleh -
Open Access Article
108 - Autonomy as Responsibility in Professional Life: Deconstructing Teaching Standards
Anne M. Phelan Cristina D. Vintimilla -
Open Access Article
109 - Studying the geography of development of Provinces of Iran Using Human Development Index
Ghasem MohammadiThe concept of human development is a holistic approach to a better life that emphasizes the cultivation of the talents and mental abilities along with the consumption of goods and services and places the dynamic horizon of human choices ahead of the goal of a better li MoreThe concept of human development is a holistic approach to a better life that emphasizes the cultivation of the talents and mental abilities along with the consumption of goods and services and places the dynamic horizon of human choices ahead of the goal of a better life.On the horizon of Iran's twenty-year vision is:A developed Iran, with advanced knowledge, equal opportunities, adequate income distribution and health.This descriptive-analytical study aims to evaluate the current status of provinces in terms of human development indicators based on the censuses of 2011 and 2016. According to the research findings, the average education index in the country is 0.503. 0.673 Health Index. And standard of living 0.336 And the combined index of human development is 0.749. Health index has the highest rate and standard of living has the lowest figure in the country. The most favorable situation of human development index was related to Tehran provinces with 0.936 respectively. Alborz with 0.926 and Yazd with 0.862. The most unfavorable situation of this index is related to Sistan and Baluchestan provinces with 0.446 and Kurdistan with 0.561 respectively. Sistan and Baluchestan province has the most unfavorable situation in all indicators of human development. Although the ranking of provinces based on the Human Development Index indicates that the most disadvantaged category corresponds to the border provinces and the most desirable ones belong to the regions most often located in the center of the country, but based on the results in most provinces of the country between the two The growth census observed that deprived provinces had the highest growth. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
110 - An Introduction to the Concept of Specialization in Archeological Studies
Hamidreza ValipourStudying technological and economical specialization in the prehistoric societies, as well as the way of understanding the same specialization, their measurements and Scales from the remaining evidences have faced a large number of difficulties. The term 'specialization MoreStudying technological and economical specialization in the prehistoric societies, as well as the way of understanding the same specialization, their measurements and Scales from the remaining evidences have faced a large number of difficulties. The term 'specialization' as a significant subject along with the economy of the prehistoric societies has long been regarded by anthropologists and archaeologists. The definition of the term, its origins, and the archaeological interpretation of this form of production organization has always been focused since 1960s. Archaeological researchers might lose the track in their interpretations of data without having clear standards for recognizing specialization lacking a lucid understanding of the term. Archaeologists delineate the origins of specialization using three models: 1. Commercial development model, 2. Adaptive model, 3. Political model. The given models indicate different approaches to the concept of studying specialization in archaeology. Such approaches are connected to the cultural, social, and economical evolution in prehistoric societies. In this paper, the concept and facets of craft specialization, production organization, standardization, styles, labor investment, the standards and methods of specialization have been concentrated. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
111 - Optimal Placement of Phasor Measurement Units to Maintain CompleteObservability Considering Maximum Reliability by Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm-II (NSGA-II)
bahman taheri Farzad Ghasemzade Payam Farhadi -
Open Access Article
112 - Kinematic Assessment Force of Writer’s Cramp Before And During Cramp
azim alinejad fariborz rahimi -
Open Access Article
113 - Making and Validating the Parafilia Questionnaire on Iranian Men
anahita nori Afshin Salahian Bita NasrolahiThis research was a preliminary study on the development of a tool for measuring paraphysic deviations among a sample of Tehran men. The sample consists of 200 men from Tehran who were referred to a clinic in Tehran for treatment of their sexual problems. After selectin MoreThis research was a preliminary study on the development of a tool for measuring paraphysic deviations among a sample of Tehran men. The sample consists of 200 men from Tehran who were referred to a clinic in Tehran for treatment of their sexual problems. After selecting a sample that was purposefully selected, the clients in addition to the main questionnaire of the research, the Sexual Deviation Questionnaire, responded to sexual desire and sexuality questionnaires. The results of the exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the gender deviation questionnaire developed by the researchers in accordance with the DSM-V classification has a 6-factor structure. The validity and validity of this questionnaire were examined in the current research. The results of the study indicated that the validity and reliability of the questionnaire were acceptable. In this preliminary study, the norms of the questionnaire were obtained. In general, the results of the current research are a preliminary study to validate and standardize the gender deviance questionnaire, which requires future research to strengthen validity and validity, as well as the norms of the questionnaire, in order to use more reliable questionnaires in research and therapeutic applications Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
114 - Measuring the compliance of the educational content of the Shad program based on approved educational standards in the preschool period
bahareh kanani soheila hossainpour fereshte afkariThe present study was conducted with the aim of measuring the compliance of the educational content of the happy program based on the standards approved by education in the preschool period. This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive research method in MoreThe present study was conducted with the aim of measuring the compliance of the educational content of the happy program based on the standards approved by education in the preschool period. This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive research method in terms of survey type. The statistical population of this research is the teachers working in the preschool centers of Sanandaj city, which were 1500 people. 306 people were selected using available sampling method using Karjesi and Morgan table. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect data, its validity was confirmed by professors and educational science experts, Cronbach's alpha coefficient was calculated as 0.73. To analyze the data, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, Friedman test, independent t test and one-way analysis of variance were used. From the point of view of the trainers, the degree of conformity of the content of the happy program with the approved standards, respectively; Teaching the use of the five senses, sensorimotor and emotional skills, elementary teaching of body parts, their uses and characteristics, teaching personal and social health tips and issues, teaching individual and community rights in children, introducing children to religious and national figures, teaching and familiarizing with letters Alphabet, numbers and vocabulary have the least compatibility with the teaching of moral, religious and educational issues. The content of Shad educational program complies with seven educational standards. At the level of indicators, the compliance rate is low. Keywords: Educational standard, preschool, content, happy program, virtual. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
115 - The study of the possibility of applying Management by Objective in Mazandran Education Organization
mohammad salehi eshagh aziziThe aim of the present study is to investigate the possibility of applying Management by Objective in Mazandran Education Organization; whether the existence of procedures, real control, rational and continuous use of management, the existence of standards, functions, c MoreThe aim of the present study is to investigate the possibility of applying Management by Objective in Mazandran Education Organization; whether the existence of procedures, real control, rational and continuous use of management, the existence of standards, functions, clear and accurate missions of managers and clerks make the application of Management by Objective possible of not. The research method is descriptive-survey kind. The statistical population consisted all clerks, formal and contract recruitment, working at Mazandaran Education Organization(335 persons). According to Kergesy Morgan table, 181 were selected based on random stratified method. To gather data, a close ended questionnaire was employed. The data were descriptively and statistically analyzed(Z-test). The findings indicated that it is possible to use Management by Objective in Mazandran Education Organization Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
116 - Iron and Manganese in Drinking Water: A Review of Sources, Types, Standards, Health and Environmental Effects and Removal Methods
Mohammad Safari Ahmad Asl hashemi Mehran Dolatkhah Gholamhossein SafariIron and manganese are common natural minerals that are primarily found in groundwater, especially in deeper wells. Iron and manganese in drinking water, at permissible levels, do not pose a risk to human health. Instead, they both have secondary or recommended drinking MoreIron and manganese are common natural minerals that are primarily found in groundwater, especially in deeper wells. Iron and manganese in drinking water, at permissible levels, do not pose a risk to human health. Instead, they both have secondary or recommended drinking water standards because they lead to aesthetic problems that may make the water undesirable and unpleasant for drinking and other domestic uses. The presence of both often causes stains on clothes, and the loss of color in plumbing installations, as well as creates an unpleasant taste and appearance in drinking water. The iron and manganese in the water cannot be seen with the naked eye, and the water appears practically clear and unpolluted, but if they are mixed with oxygen, they quickly lead to the creation of orange, brown, or black spots. The black stains are caused by the presence of manganese, and the brown and orange stains are caused by the presence of iron in the water. Removal methods depend on the concentration and form of iron and manganese in the water. Therefore, it is important to carefully test the water and determine the type and amount of iron and manganese before treatment. Considering the importance of these elements in drinking water, the purpose of this review article is to investigate the sources, standards, types, health and environmental effects, and methods of removing or reducing iron and manganese in drinking water. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
117 - Standard English or World Englishes: Issues of Ownership and Preference
Ehsan Namaziandost Soheila Tahmasbi Arsh Hashemifardnia -
Open Access Article
118 - An Adaptive Data Hiding Method for Compressed Videos in HEVC Standard
Mozhgan Zamani Mohammadreza Ramezanpour -
Open Access Article
119 - Hardware Implementation of dynamic S-BOX to use in AES Cryptosystem.
sahar darvish motevali kooroush kooroush -
Open Access Article
120 - Efficient Content-Based Video Retrieval in HEVC Standard Using Auto-Correloblock: A Novel Approach
Yaghoub Saberi Mohammadreza Ramezanpour Shervan Fekri-Ershad Behrang Baraktain -
Open Access Article
121 - A Comprehensive Model Driven ‘Secure Mobile Application for KFU Email System’ (SMAKE)
Ayat Bu-Suhail Al-Jwharah Al-Hulaibi Zainab Al-Khalaf Noor A. Jebril Qasem Abu Al-Haija -
Open Access Article
122 - Assessing Quality of Websites: Instrumentation and Critera
Shams sadat ZahediWebsites are currently considered as optimal instruments for linking organizations, users, and citizens. Parallel with the increasing access to Internet, the number of website users has expended and their quality has been an issue of concern to many researchers. Website MoreWebsites are currently considered as optimal instruments for linking organizations, users, and citizens. Parallel with the increasing access to Internet, the number of website users has expended and their quality has been an issue of concern to many researchers. Websites are originally designed to meet the expectations of their users through providing the right information. The literature indicates that due to the wide range of websites, it is rather difficult to provide a generally-agreed definition for quality of websites. In this paper, after presenting a sketchy account of the website users’ conceptualization of the quality of websites, we will discuss the underlying factors of success of websites. The paper closes with an explanation of the standards for designing websites. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
123 - Developing and Standardizing Government Organizations' Talent Orientation Questionnaire
Farshad Nemati Ghasem Ansari Ranani Adel Salavati Pouya FaroughiThe next step was to identify and evaluate the dimensions of the talent-based organization for constructing and validating a questionnaire for identifying talent-based organizations. The approach of this research is exploratory and its statistical population includes al MoreThe next step was to identify and evaluate the dimensions of the talent-based organization for constructing and validating a questionnaire for identifying talent-based organizations. The approach of this research is exploratory and its statistical population includes all branches of Melli Bank of Kurdistan province. In the qualitative part, there was three-stage coding with nvivo software, which was identifiable by the analysis in 5 dimensions - Causal conditions dimension with 5 axial codes Flexible and individual-oriented goals, loose and horizontal bond structure, informal relationships, three seunger evaluation and dynamics and risk taking in a selective code of intra-organizational indicators; Axis of Mental Structure, Political-Legal Structure and Cultural Structure in the Form of a Selective Code of Intellectual and Extra-Organizational Structures 2- Intervention Factors with Two Axioms: 1- Organizational Structure Hegemony and 2- Bureaucratic Rule in the Selective Code of Job Structure 4 - The 4-Core Strategy of Becoming a Learning Organization, Creating a Talent Bank, Changing Insights and Beliefs and Developing Coding Leaders The object of organizational culture 5-The implications then include the three categories of enhancing effectiveness, establishing a decentralized system, and sustaining the organization in a selective code of results and effects. In the quantitative section, a questionnaire with 58 items of axial and selective codes was identified. The results of exploratory factor analysis test with SPSS software showed that five identifiable dimensions in qualitative section were explored as five factors. Each of the items related to them had an appropriate factor load. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
124 - Reliability Analysis of a Mounted Moldboard Plow Bottom Standard using the FORM Method
Seyed Mohammad Reza Nazemosadat Mojtaba Naderi-Boldaji Davoud Ghanbarian Mohammad Amin Nematollahi -
Open Access Article
125 - Effect of Partial Replacement of Crushed Aggregate with Natural Sand on Mechanical and Rheological Properties of Self-Compacting Concrete
Hamidreza Amini Jamal Ahmadi Behzad Saeedi Razavi Mehdi Babaei -
Open Access Article
126 - A Comparison of Seismic Safety of Steel MRF Designed According to Different Editions of Iranian Seismic Code
kiarash Nasserasadi -
Open Access Article
127 - The Effect of Soccer Ball Impulse on Lower Limbs of the Human Body
Leila Shahryari Behtash JavidSharifi JavidSharifi Mohammad Ali Samianifar -
Open Access Article
128 - Effects of the Soil-Foundation-Structure Interaction on the Component Demand Modifier Factor of Concrete Gravity Beams based on ASCE 41-06 Standard
A Azarbakht E Rajabi -
Open Access Article
129 - Development of Seismic Criteria for Seismic Responses of Regular and Irregular Structures in Plan considering Vertical Component of the Near-field Records
Maryam Firoozi Nezamabadi Fariborz Yaghoobi Vayeghan -
Open Access Article
130 - Assessment of ASCE 41-06 Pushover Procedure in Performance Evaluation of Concrete Vertical Irregular Buildings
Ehsan Danesh Dezfuli armin Aziminejadb -
Open Access Article
131 - Seismic Performance of Torsionally Stiff and Flexible Single Story Buildings Designed Based on Iranian Seismic Code(Standard 2800)
Seiyed Ali Haj Seiyed Taghia A.S. Moghadam -
Open Access Article
132 - Evaluating the Liquefaction Potential of Soil in the South and Southeast of Tehran based on the Shear Wave Velocity through Empirical Relationships
M Khalili Noutash R Dabiri M Hajialilue Bonab -
Open Access Article
133 - Case study of the statistical distribution of the concretes implemented at Qazvin
Ali Ebrahimi Mahdi Mahdikhani -
Open Access Article
134 - A Comparison between Different Editions of API650 Seismic Provisions for Cylindrical Steel Storage Tanks Considering the Fragility Curves
Hooman Fili -
Open Access Article
135 - The Assessment of the Relationship Between Resiliency and Hardiness with Imposter Syndrome.
Shohre Ghorban ShiroudiThe present research aims in standardizing a multidimensional anxiety scale in children among Iranian students. In this study, when the original transcript of MASC was translated into Persian, it retranslated then reviewed for correction and the final form provided for MoreThe present research aims in standardizing a multidimensional anxiety scale in children among Iranian students. In this study, when the original transcript of MASC was translated into Persian, it retranslated then reviewed for correction and the final form provided for implementation. The participants in this study include 10-16 Year old students (353 girls, 347 boys) studying in Tonekabon. The multi-stage procedure was used to pick up sample (classified and clustered random). To investigate the convergent validity, the students answered the questionnaires in Revised children’s manifested anxiety scale (RCMAS). To control scale reliability, it was utilized Cronbach coefficient. To calculate scale validity, factor analysis was used as main components analysis. To prepare the norm table, there were utilized Z & T balanced scores. Cronbach coefficient also was recorded 0.91 for the total scale. Implementing exploratory factorial analysis through varimax rotation revealed a robust eight-factor structure. Correlation coefficient was significant between the total score in multidimensional anxiety scale in children and RCMAS. The children’s multidimensional anxiety scale showed an appropriate validity and internal homogeneity among Iranian students, therefore it can be used for further studies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
136 - Validity, reliability and standardization test in April emotional creativity
Mehrdad Sabet Majid Shafie Amiri Fatemeh Khani AbdoalahiThe present study aimed to evaluate the validity, reliability and standardization of test April emotional creativity among students of Azad University's Branch. To select the sample using stratified random sampling were selected from the University Branch. The sum of th MoreThe present study aimed to evaluate the validity, reliability and standardization of test April emotional creativity among students of Azad University's Branch. To select the sample using stratified random sampling were selected from the University Branch. The sum of these students, 1,400 were out of which 300 were selected for study tool 1-log 30 items, emotional creativity April (1999) to measure emotional creativity in four dimensions: novelty, effectiveness, honesty and willingness prepared and April with Cronbach's alpha reliability of the 91/0 emotional creativity and reliability of readiness, effectiveness, integrity and innovation in the order of 80/0, 89/0, 80/0, vary from 850 won. 2-tests of verbal and nonverbal creative thinking Torrance (TTCT) has two parallel forms A and B in Torrance verbal test, the three components of fluency, flexibility and originality and non-verbal tests Torrance, four components of fluency, flexibility, originality and expansion are measured. The results indicated that factor analysis on the data for this variable are permitted. KMO statistic with a value greater than 5.0 indicates a sampling adequacy and Bartlett's confidence level zero to test the suitability of the model shows the factors cited. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
137 - Effect of Planting Date on Yield and Different Trait Variations of Seeds from Cotton Pickings of Varamin Cultivar
Abbas Abhari Esmaeil Gholinezhad Ali Rahemi KarizakiThe objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of sowing and picking dates on lint yield and its component, germination and seed vigor of Varamin cultivar of cotton. To this end, experiments were carried out as split-plot in time based on randomized complete bl MoreThe objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of sowing and picking dates on lint yield and its component, germination and seed vigor of Varamin cultivar of cotton. To this end, experiments were carried out as split-plot in time based on randomized complete block design with three replications at the cotton fields of Kizor in Sabzvar in 2013. Treatments were four sowing dates (May 8, May 20, Jun 2 and Jun 14 of 2013) and two picking dates (the harvest date of first picking for first to fourth planting dates were September23, September29, October 14 and October 27. The harvest dates of second picking for first to fourth planting dates were October 7, October 12, October 24 and November 11). Standard germination and cool germination tests for different temperatures were also performed. 1000-seed weight, number of normal seedlings and dry weight of normal seedlings were measured. Results showed that the effect of planting date, picking and their interaction effects on lint yield, seed thousand weight, number of bolls per plant, single plant weight, number of normal seedlings, dry weight of normal seedlings, germination percent, lint length and electrical conductivity were found to be significant. Highest (3693.3 kg.ha-1) and lowest (1023.00 kg.ha-1) lint yields obtained from the first picking of first planting and second picking of fourth planting, respectively. The number of normal seedlings and dry weight of normal seedlings didn’t follow a special process in standard germination test, but the number of normal seedlings produced from cool germination test of first picking with delay in sowing date was decreased in a linear form. The number of normal seedlings from alternate temperatures (one week in 18°C and the other week in 28°C) “except the first sowing date” was decreased. Results showed that by delaying sowing date (at the range of this study) seed vigor decreased. According to the results of this research, the first planting date (May 8) could be recommeded for growing Varamin cultivar for higher lint yield to this region. But, for seed production, the first picking of second planting date (May 20) is recommended. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
138 - Studies of Islamic jurisprudence and Islamic system based on Islamic standards and the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran
reza asghari davood ghasemi ali babaei mehrThe study of the standards of the Islamic religion shows that it was not limited to the Prophet Khatam's mission and later; Rather, he presented a system from the beginning of Adam's life.The majority of Iranians changed the government to the Islamic Republic in support MoreThe study of the standards of the Islamic religion shows that it was not limited to the Prophet Khatam's mission and later; Rather, he presented a system from the beginning of Adam's life.The majority of Iranians changed the government to the Islamic Republic in support of the referendum of the Islamic Republic on 10/11/1358 AH and the ratification of the constitution adopted on 24/8/1358 AH. There have been discussions about reforming the system based on Islamic standards; some of the rules of jurisprudence are hidden or not enforced in the constitution, such as the place of Islamic medicine in systematization as a substitute for health and medical care under Directives 2301 /. 116, dated 9/2/1377 and 11415/13 dated 23/6/1377, prohibited physicians from performing cupping in the offices and led to a complaint against the Shari'ah and the constitution based on the 55th verse of the Holy Quran and the fifth principle of this law. نامه According to Letter No. 1647/21/80 dated 5/4/1380 Dear Secretary (Commentary dated 3/4/1380): The jurists of the Guardian Council: Mhhay banned bloodletting has pointed out that doing was illegal. "Circulars in judgments No. 118 dated 17/4/1380 General Board of Administrative Justice Court was falsified. In this paper, a descriptive-analytical method is used to measure the quantity and quality of people's and theocratic view of government. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
139 - مشترکات انگلیسی کانادایی و انگلیسی ایرانی بر مبنای جنسیت:بررسی گونه های جملات پرسشی آری-نه
لعیا حیدری دارانی اکبر افغریاین مطالعه به بررسی تغییرپذیری جملات پرسشی آری-نه انگلیسی و همچنین اشتراکات موجود بین گونه های جملات پرسشی آری-نه تولید شده توسط اعضای دو گونه متفاوت زبان انگلیسی (بومی زبانان انگلیسیِ کانادایی و فراگیران ایرانی زبان انگلیسی) می پردازد. این تحقیق بعلاوه سعی دارد نقش جنس Moreاین مطالعه به بررسی تغییرپذیری جملات پرسشی آری-نه انگلیسی و همچنین اشتراکات موجود بین گونه های جملات پرسشی آری-نه تولید شده توسط اعضای دو گونه متفاوت زبان انگلیسی (بومی زبانان انگلیسیِ کانادایی و فراگیران ایرانی زبان انگلیسی) می پردازد. این تحقیق بعلاوه سعی دارد نقش جنسیت در تولید گونه های جملات پرسشی آری-نه انگلیسی توسط بومی زبانان انگلیسیِ کانادایی و فراگیران ایرانی زبان انگلیسی را نیز مورد بررسی قرار دهد. به منظور جمع آوری اطلاعات، یک نسخه اصلاح شده از کار نقشه ادینبورگ (Edinburgh Map Task) مورد استفاده قرار گرفت. جامعه اطلاعاتی این تحقیق متشکل از تعداد ٦٠ شرکت کننده کانادایی و ایرانی می باشد که این کار نقشه را اجرا نموده و با لحاظ کردن بافت غیر رسمی موجود، گونه هایی از جملات پرسشی آری-نه انگلیسی تولید نمودند. نتایج حاصل نشان می دهد گونه های جملات پرسشی آری-نه انگلیسی تولید شده توسط دو گروه از نظر نوع مشابه می باشد. این در حالی است که با توجه به مشابه بودن بافت مورد استفاده، شرکت کنندگان کانادایی تعداد بیشتری از این گونه ها را بکار بردند. تفاوت دیگری که در این تحقیق مشاهده شد فراوان ترین گونه ای است که مورد استفاده قرار گرفت: فراوان ترین گونه ای که توسط شرکت کنندگان ایرانی مورد استفاده قرار گرفت با بافت غیر رسمی موجود همخوانی داشت در حالیکه این مسئله در مورد شرکت کنندگان کانادایی صدق نمی کرد. در خصوص جنسیت این نکته ملاحظه گردید که جنسیت در تولید گونه های جملات پرسشی توسط شرکت کنندگان ایرانی نقشی ندارد؛ در حالی که تولید این گونه ها در شرکت کنندگان کانادایی بر مبنای جنسیت می باشد. یافته های این تحقیق حاکی از آن است که شرکت کنندگان کانادایی و ایرانی علیرغم اینکه به دو گونه متفاوت زبان انگلیسی تعلق دارند، از لحاظ نحوی عملکرد مشابهی داشتند، درحالیکه عملکرد جامعه شناختی آنها مشابه نبود. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
140 - بررسی نگرش زبان آموزان ایرانی زن و مرد نسبت به گونه های بومی و غیر بومی زبان انگلیسی
هدی طالبی حبیب آبادی Laya Heidary Daraniدر این مقاله به بررسی این مسئله می پردازیم که آیا زبان آموزان ایرانی از گونه های مختلف زبان انگلیسی که در سراسر جهان صحبت می شوند آگاه بوده و به گونه خاصی از آن تمایل دارند یا خیر. همچنین به بررسی نگرش زبان آموزان ایرانی به گونه های بومی و غیر بومی زبان انگلیسی می پرداز Moreدر این مقاله به بررسی این مسئله می پردازیم که آیا زبان آموزان ایرانی از گونه های مختلف زبان انگلیسی که در سراسر جهان صحبت می شوند آگاه بوده و به گونه خاصی از آن تمایل دارند یا خیر. همچنین به بررسی نگرش زبان آموزان ایرانی به گونه های بومی و غیر بومی زبان انگلیسی می پردازیم. بعلاوه تلاش می کنیم دریابیم که آیا این نگرش جنسیت محور هست یا خیر. بدین منظور 30 زبان آموز دختر و پسر با سطح متوسط زبان انگلیسی که سن آنها بین 22 تا 30 سال می باشد به عنوان نمونه انتخاب شدند و به سه پرسشنامه پاسخ دادند. سپس اطلاعات جمع آوری شده از طریق تحلیل واریانس یک طرفه با اندازه گیری های مکرر (one-way repeated measures ANOVA)، آزمون LSD post-hoc فیشر و آزمون t مستقل مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. نتیجه اصلی حاصل از این پژوهش این بود که زبان آموزان ایرانی دیگر به وجود یک گونه واحد از زبان انگلیسی اعتقاد نداشته و به تدریج به « انگلیسی های دنیا » معتقد شده اند. در حقیقت آنها از یک گونه انگلیسی کامل و واحد چشم پوشی کرده و برای برقراری ارتباط با دیگر افراد در سراسر جهان گونه های دیگری از انگلیسی را نیز می پذیرند. بعلاوه با وجود اینکه شرکت کنندگان در این پژوهش گونه های غیر بومی زبان انگلیسی را پذیرفته اند، گرایش داشتن آنها به گونه های آمریکایی و بریتانیایی نشان می دهد که آنها به یادگیری زبان نگرشی مثبت دارند Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
141 - طرح پرسشنامه ای جهت ارزیابی مفهوم سازی انگلیسی های جهانی بین اساتید و دانشجویان ایرانی
محمد رضا خدا رضا فلورا عفاف سلطانی داود مشهدی حیدررشد پیش بینی نشده تعداد "انگلیسی های جهانی " و نیاز محققان و کارشناسان سراسر جهان به ارتباط صحیح و سریع با یکدیگر ،برنامه های آموزش زبان انگلیسی در دانشگاههای تخصصی را نیز تحت تاثیر قرارداده واین موضوع بی ارتباط با "مفهوم سازی انگلیسی های جهانی" دانشجویان و اساتید نیست Moreرشد پیش بینی نشده تعداد "انگلیسی های جهانی " و نیاز محققان و کارشناسان سراسر جهان به ارتباط صحیح و سریع با یکدیگر ،برنامه های آموزش زبان انگلیسی در دانشگاههای تخصصی را نیز تحت تاثیر قرارداده واین موضوع بی ارتباط با "مفهوم سازی انگلیسی های جهانی" دانشجویان و اساتید نیست. تحقیق کنونی به ارائه یک روش ارزیابی گروهی برای بررسی موقعیت "مفهوم سازی انگلیسی های جهانی" در بین اساتید و دانشجویان می پردازد و اینکه دانشجویان و اساتیدی که زبان انگلیسی را برای یک هدف خاص یاد می گیرند تا چه اندازه به مفهوم سازی انگلیسی های جهانی می رسند و این مفهوم سازیها در ارتباطات انها باسایر محققان و کارشناسان که انگلیسی زبان مکالمه آنها نیست تاثیر تا چه ندازه موثر است . در فاز اول ، محقق با بازنگری اطلاعات موجود مصاحبه ای با اساتید و دانشجویان انجام می دهدو از اطلاعات بدست آمده آیتمهای یک پرسشنامه را تهیه می کند . در فاز دوم پرسشنامه با 300 نمونه از جمعیت دانشجویان و اساتید مرتبط تست می شود که نتیجه تهیه پرسشنامه ای با 46 آیتم مناسب برای ارزیابی مفهوم سازی انگلیسی های جهانی می باشد . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
142 - The Juridical and Legal Study of the Alternatives to the Sale of Salaf Oil Securities in Secondary Market
Abdolhosen Shiravi Hadi RahmaniSelling Salaf commodity before maturity is forbidden by Islam, so making a secondary market for these securities is not possible within common procedures. Hence we have to find a new way to make a secondary market for these securities. Some proposed ways are parallel Sa MoreSelling Salaf commodity before maturity is forbidden by Islam, so making a secondary market for these securities is not possible within common procedures. Hence we have to find a new way to make a secondary market for these securities. Some proposed ways are parallel Salaf, assignment through agency and Solh of Salaf commodity, all of which have shortcomings that puts the formation of secondary markets in trouble. Combination of parallel Salaf and assignment (Havaleh) seems to be the most complete proposal, yet there are still many problems with it. This study attempts to challenge them and another way that is considering securities as Circulating Rights. Circulating Rights is a matter that is considered in foreign law systems and is not compatible with Islamic Jurisprudence rules. But we can somewhat accept this rules in our system when combining them with Islamic rules. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
143 - Evaluation of physical space and educational equipment for secondary schools in Tabriz, according to the standards and indicators of national development programs in academic year 2010-2011
Seyyed Davoud Hosseini-Nasab Yousef Adib Leyla OmraniThis paper studied physical space conditions and equipment (educational and training) and compared them with the standards and indicators of national development programs in both public and non-public secondary schools in the city of Tabriz in the academic year. The met MoreThis paper studied physical space conditions and equipment (educational and training) and compared them with the standards and indicators of national development programs in both public and non-public secondary schools in the city of Tabriz in the academic year. The methodology of this research in terms of objective was practical and in terms of the type, was descriptive survey. The population of this paper was 321, which consisted of all public and non-public schools along with their principals. Statistical samples included 114 secondary schools and their principals and 20 secondary educational experts that were stratified randomly selected. Questionnaires and organization of renovations school's standards and indicators of national development programs were used to evaluate the space and equipment conditions. The extracted SPSS results of this research are as follows: The status of educational spaces and school buildings from the location point of view (distance from air pollution, noise pollution, factories and etc.) was desirable, the level of educational equipment was average and the qualification of training spaces was undesirable. The average of per capita educational spaces, except training spaces is lower than the average of per capita standards of schools renovation. All secondary schools in the city of Tabriz had reached the first indicator of national development program (the student's population indicator) and were desirable and in other indicators were far from the document of country development Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
144 - Construction, Validation, Reliability and Normalization of Academic State Motivation Inventory
Noushin Derakhshan Aliakbar Saif Alireza Kiamanesh Hasan AhadiThe academic motivation due to its important role in school learning is the basis for several research in the field of educational psychology. However, less research has been paid to the distinction between state academic motivation and trait academic motivation. While MoreThe academic motivation due to its important role in school learning is the basis for several research in the field of educational psychology. However, less research has been paid to the distinction between state academic motivation and trait academic motivation. While there is no suitable tool for measuring this factor, this study aimed to make appropriate instrumentation to assess the academic motivation state. In order to achieve this goal, a questionnaire on the basis of theoretical principles in the areas of academic motivation was prepared. Through the pilot study and survey respondents and ten professors of psychology, the content related validity was confirmed, and its reliability in the pilot study with internal consistency and Cronbach`s alpha coefficient was calculated as. 0.95. This questionnaire had 53 questions for the final run conducted on a sample of 300 students of PNU based on random sampling. To analyze the research data, Bartlett`s sohericity test, factor analysis with various rotations, Cronbach`s alpha, percentage norm, and categorical norm were used. As a result of factor analysis and based on scree four factors were found in the academic motivation state questionnaire. Cronbach`s alpha coefficient for the total test was. 0.91, and for the subscales of interest in class and interpersonal communication 0.89, interest in competence and self – efficacy 0.68, interest in the course and field of study 0.67, and interest in praise and encouragement 0.76. Based on the performance of the participats, percentage norm table and categorical norm table were developed for the questionnar of academic state movtivation and its subscales. Highly valid and reliable tool with necessary standardization for application in educational and psychological research. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
145 - Identifying and Ranking Performance Standards of Educational Administrators; Case study: Tabriz Elementary Schools
Seyedeh Mahtab Halimi Eskandar Fathi Azar The aim of this study was to identify and then to rank the standards for the performance of the elementary schools leaderships. First the literature was reviewed in detail and 6 criteria including 40 sub-criteria were extracted and then we asked some More The aim of this study was to identify and then to rank the standards for the performance of the elementary schools leaderships. First the literature was reviewed in detail and 6 criteria including 40 sub-criteria were extracted and then we asked some experts to evaluate and approve them. Then a questionnaire is developed and 80 leaders were asked by face-to-face interview to answer for the questions. They should first rank the criteria based on their preferences and then answer for 40 questions about the existing situation of these criteria. The reliability of the questionnaire is approved by three experts and then its validity and reliability is checked. The data are analyzed by calculating the following statistics: average functions, standard deviation and t-student test using the SPSS software. The results show these ranking for main criteria of the standard: 1) ethics and values, 2) obligations, 3) characteristics, 4) skills, 5) roles, 6) achieve results. There are some discrepancies among the preferences of the leaders and what they experience in action and it is discussed in detail in thesis. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
146 - Evaluating the Goals of High Levels of Learning in E-Learning Environments (Standards & Endicators)
Nouri Barari Farnoush Alami Mortaza Rezaeizadah Abasalt KhorasaniDespite evaluation is important to create feedback and improve the learning process, but yet e-learning system are unable to create a coherent framework to ensure that learner access to curriculum objectives and applied them. The purpose of this study was to compilation MoreDespite evaluation is important to create feedback and improve the learning process, but yet e-learning system are unable to create a coherent framework to ensure that learner access to curriculum objectives and applied them. The purpose of this study was to compilation the educational standards and their indicators based on the Bloom-Anderson’s taxonomy. Qualitative research approach is used and based this approach, the phenomenological design strategy has been used. The population included 12 people of subject matter and faculty member in academic e-learning centers which were selected through purposeful sampling. Qualitative data generated from interviews were coded and analysis by Creswell Quality Coding Pattern and Maxquda software. The results of the study led to the development of 4 educational standards and 30 indicators based on the Bloom-Anderson’s taxonomy to design a comprehensive evaluation in the field of e-learning. According to the results of this study, educational technologists can evaluate or design more effective E- learning environments Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
147 - Presenting informational literacy skills in higher education curriculum
Behnam Talebi Samaneh Moradi Mehdi Pakdel Ghader ZemestaniThe main objective of this study is to determine the necessity of presenting informational literacy skills in higher education curriculum. The statistical population selected from all the master and doctoral students in 2010-2011 in Tabriz university. Using ratio random MoreThe main objective of this study is to determine the necessity of presenting informational literacy skills in higher education curriculum. The statistical population selected from all the master and doctoral students in 2010-2011 in Tabriz university. Using ratio random sampling method 380 students were chosen as the sample size. To gather the data a standard questionnaire “informational literacy standard abilities for higher education” was used. Descriptive and inferential statistic including T-test and ANOVA were used to analyse the data. The results showed that there was significant difference on mean scores between master and doctoral students about informational literacy skills. There was not significant difference on mean scores between technical and humanity students and also between the male and female students on the some subject. It is concluded that possibilities, educational content, quality and quantity of effective factors are elements which make differences. It is suggested that “the information literacy standard abilities for higher education curriculum be implemented”. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
148 - Standardization of Perceived Social Support Questionnaire for High School Students
H. A. Hooman S. Livarjani This study has been done with the aim of consideration of reliability, validity and normal finding of perceived social support questionnaire. The scale was administered on 535(258 girls and 277 boys) students whom were chosen sing luster random sampling method. Th More This study has been done with the aim of consideration of reliability, validity and normal finding of perceived social support questionnaire. The scale was administered on 535(258 girls and 277 boys) students whom were chosen sing luster random sampling method. The reliability coefficients of the scale were determined using Cronbach’s coefficient alpha. The total reliability coefficient of questionnaire was 82%. The scales validity was measured by factor analysis. There was enough coordination among the questions and the scale’s questions were saturated by general factor, also no significant sex difference exists in the total score. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
149 - An analytical investigation for establishing the components of internal control structure in Islamic azad universities
Poya Safari Sama Ayazi Hosein KarbasiyazdiThe study deals with the investigation for establishing the components of internal control structure in Islamic azad universities.In this regard five main hypotheses and four minor ones were studied.The statistical population included financial managers, chief accountan MoreThe study deals with the investigation for establishing the components of internal control structure in Islamic azad universities.In this regard five main hypotheses and four minor ones were studied.The statistical population included financial managers, chief accountants, specialists, auditors,and auditory personnels,in 174 islamic azad universities throughout the country.A standard questionnaire on likert scale with five alternatives were used.In order to test the hypotheses T test was used. The results showed that the controlled environment and activities, supervision, ethical values and honesty, personnels, competence and the role of board of education indices in Islamic azad universities were in accordance with the standard measures, but risk assessment, information and communication, delegation of authority and assigning responsibility indices were not in accordance with the standard measures. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
150 - Fuzzy Mathematics and Nonstandard Analysis Application to the Theory of Relativity
John N Mordeson Sunil Mathew -
Open Access Article
151 - Effective factors for Designing and Developing Road Network from the Perspective of Rural Management (Study Area: Rural Settlements of Shahinshahr and Maymeh)
Seyyed Ramin GhafariThe network of passages has a great impact on the physical-spatial development of settlements, provided that they are used optimally. The lack of a comprehensive and coherent plan for the design of rural roads in Shahinshahr and Maymeh counties has created the ground fo MoreThe network of passages has a great impact on the physical-spatial development of settlements, provided that they are used optimally. The lack of a comprehensive and coherent plan for the design of rural roads in Shahinshahr and Maymeh counties has created the ground for entangling rural structures, the disorder in the organization of inside arteries, and the incompatibility of the passages with its similar uses in the villages, that requires recognizing effective standards and operational solutions to create the right avenues. This study aimed to determine the most important effective factors of rural road network design and prioritize them from the perspective of rural managers of Shahinshahr and Maymeh counties. The present study was descriptive-analytical in terms of method, which was conducted by the survey method and using a questionnaire. The sample population was 86 people, which included 30 officials related to rural issues in the city (specialists and university professors), There were 14 village governors and 42 Islamic village councils. Data analysis was performed using inferential statistical methods such as a one-sample T-test by SPSS 22. The results obtained from the statistical analysis indicate that the use of each of the five standards in the design of the network of roads in the studied villages has been desirable, but the intensity of the desirability of some standards has been higher than others. Based on the results of the analysis of the one-sample T-test, the standards of "width of the road network" with the value of T (3.123) and "level and coverage of the road network" with the value of T (2.874) have the greatest impact on the design of the road network of the villages. They have studied from the point of view of rural officials. Also, the standard of "road construction model" with T value (1.785) and "architecture and appearance of the road network" with T value (0.654) is in the last rank. Their employment status has been more unfavorable than others. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
152 - Examining Snow Cover Changes in Relation to Drought Using Remote Sensing Techniques and GIS (Case Study of the West and East Azerbaijan Provinces)
Fahimeh Hooshmand mohammadebrahim afifiIn this research, to determine the changes in the level of snow cover in relation to drought, satellite data has been used in order to determine the snow cover and meteorological station data has been applied to estimate the drought. In this regard, at the first stage, MoreIn this research, to determine the changes in the level of snow cover in relation to drought, satellite data has been used in order to determine the snow cover and meteorological station data has been applied to estimate the drought. In this regard, at the first stage, satellite data was collected from NASA's Web site from 1385 to 1395, and after geometric and atmospheric corrections based on the NDSI index and using of bands 4 and 6, was applied to determine the level of snow cover and drought rate has been estimated based on SPI index. Studies of snow cover reveal that the level of snow cover has been reduced and this is proportional to the drought rate, and the prevailing trend in the level of snow cover and SPI is a downward trend. However, in spite of the prolonged and increased SPI index, the level of snow cover has been reduced or vice versa. The reason for this can be investigated through the type of precipitation during these years and it is possible that most type of the precipitation, during the years in which snow cover has been less, has been rainy type and in the drought years with increased snow cover, type of downfall has been more snowy. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
153 - Drought effects on surface water quality in Golestan province for Irrigation Purposes, Case study: Gorganroud River
Nader Jandaghi Ali Heshmatpour Mojtaba Ghareh Mahmoodlu Saeedeh PasandIn this study, a part of the Gorganroud basin was selected to evaluate of the drought effect on 13 water physicochemical parameters. After collecting meteorological and hydrometric stations data in a period of 43-year (1350-1393), a 5-year drought index was determined u MoreIn this study, a part of the Gorganroud basin was selected to evaluate of the drought effect on 13 water physicochemical parameters. After collecting meteorological and hydrometric stations data in a period of 43-year (1350-1393), a 5-year drought index was determined using the standard precipitation index and moving average method. Then, the water quality parameters were obtained for a long-term and a drought period using the available hydrometric stations data. The average concentration of most of anions and cations, electrical conductivity, and sodium adsorption ratio have increased from upstream to downstream, so that, this increase in the downstream station is about seven times higher than its upstream station in the drought period. The average of anions, cations, electrical conductivity, and sodium absorption ratios were increase during the drought period compared to the long-term period. Using the Wilcox diagram, agricultural water quality is decreases in the direction of river flow, so that the water category changes from C2S1 (suitable for agriculture) in the upstream to C4S3 (harmful to agriculture) in the downstream. Therefore, it can be concluded that the occurrence of drought periods has a significant effect on the water quality factors in comparison with the long-term period, so that, the agricultural water quality drastically has reduced by a decrease in rainfall and subsequently decrease in river discharge within the drought period. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
154 - Assessment of the Vegetation Dryness Index Based on Satellite Imagery in Sistan & Balouchestan province
kamal omidvar Masoumeh NabaviZadeh Hamid Reza Ghafarian malmiri Ahmad MazidiDecreasing of precipitation and Increasing of temperature, leads to extreme climate events such as drought which drastically impact on agricultural. Knowledge about the timing, severity and extent of drought can aid planning and decision-making. Drought indices derived MoreDecreasing of precipitation and Increasing of temperature, leads to extreme climate events such as drought which drastically impact on agricultural. Knowledge about the timing, severity and extent of drought can aid planning and decision-making. Drought indices derived from in-situ meteorological data have coarse spatial and temporal resolutions. Thus, obtaining a real-time drought condition over a large area is difficult. Therefore, drought indices which is derived from remote-sensing data, has been widely used for drought monitoring..In this study, Vegetation Drought Index (VDI) was evaluated in Sistan & Balouchestan Province To do this, Terra Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer MODIS (MOD02HKM and MOD11A1 ), Standard Precipitation Index (SPI) and monthly precipitation data GLDAS from 2000 to 2018 were utilized to evaluate VDI.Accuracy of the Drought spatial distribution maps based on Pearson correlation coefficient was used data. Results indicate high significant correlation rate in the study area. Thus VDI, has the potential to monitor agricultural drought in the case of study and the drought indices based on remote sensing data could well use in drought early warning systems. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
155 - Analysis of the effect of drought phenomenon on dust events in different regions of Ghazvin province
Samira Zandifar mohammad khosroshahi Zohre Ebrahimi-KhusfiThis study was conducted to investigate the effect of drought on dust events in different cities of Qazvin province. Rainfall and temperature data were used to calculate the standardized precipitation-evapotranspiration index (SPEI) and three-hourly dust events data wer MoreThis study was conducted to investigate the effect of drought on dust events in different cities of Qazvin province. Rainfall and temperature data were used to calculate the standardized precipitation-evapotranspiration index (SPEI) and three-hourly dust events data were used to calculate the number of dusty days in the study stations. Based on the Spearman correlation coefficient, the impact of dust events on the drought phenomenon was investigated by considering different time delays. The maximum correlation between SPEI and the number of dusty days in Ghazvin city without considering the time delay of -0.38 and at the level of 99%, was significant, indicating the simultaneous impact of dust events from the drought phenomenon in the center of the province. The results also showed that the response time of dust events to meteorological drought with a delay of one year in Moallem Kalayeh city is significant at 90% confidence level (r = -0.52). Meanwhile, in other cities of Ghazvin province, no significant relationship was observed between the two phenomena of dust occurrence and meteorological drought. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
156 - The effect of elevation on plant distribution pattern in central Zagros forests (case study: educational and research forest of Razi University)
Azadeh Sohrabi Zadeh rezahossein hheidary Maziar HeidriEcological factors have a significant role in establishment, growth, survival and distribution of plant species in their natural environments. The aim of this study was to investigate the spatial distribution of trees, shrubs and herbaceous part of the central Zagros fo MoreEcological factors have a significant role in establishment, growth, survival and distribution of plant species in their natural environments. The aim of this study was to investigate the spatial distribution of trees, shrubs and herbaceous part of the central Zagros forests in Kermanshah. For this purpose, three elevation classes of less than1000, 1000-1500 and more than1500 m above sea level (asl) was selected. In each class, 32 circular plots (1000 square meters as circular), by random- regular inventory methods as 100 x 100 m were picked and the number of trees in each plot was recorded. In each circular plot, a micro- plot of 5 x 5 m (25 m2) to check shrubs and a plot of 1 x 1 meter (1 square meter) to check herbaceous and record the number of shrubs and herbaceous plant species were selected. Quadrat index or plot (Indicators ratio variance/mean, Morisita, Morisita standardized, cluster, and green) was used to investigate the spatial distribution of plants. The results showed the highest average of Variance/average, Morisita, Morisita standardized, clustering David - Moore and Green was observed in 1000-1500 m asl. Moreover, the highest average value of these indices for shrubs and herbaceous plant species was found in the classes of more than 1500 m asl. ANOVA revealed that the difference between spatial-pattern indices in elevation classes was significant in three layers of trees, shrubs, and herbs and the elevation significantly influenced tree distribution. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
157 - A comparative study of walking capability’s level in the of urban neighborhoods.(A case study: criteriaof old and new neighborhoods in the city of Rasht)
ali saffarirad majid shamsAbstract Walking and enhancing walkability in the neighborhood areas may lead to increase security and social relations, accesses, neighborhood identity, the sense of community, neighborhood quality and to reduce environmental quality such as noise and air pollution.Thi MoreAbstract Walking and enhancing walkability in the neighborhood areas may lead to increase security and social relations, accesses, neighborhood identity, the sense of community, neighborhood quality and to reduce environmental quality such as noise and air pollution.This study was to answer the question thathow the walking capability is in the city of Rasht in Guilan. In terms of practical goal, descriptive_ analytical essence, and data collection the current study is on the basis of library research and field work.For this purpose, first walking capability indicators of old and new communities were investigated. Each was compared by standard rules then optimal strategies to improve the walkability of aforementioned areas were presented. Residents of 5 new and 5 old neighborhoods that have a population of 124382 thousands were selected as a statistical society. By using Cochran formula a sample of 366 residents out of population were reselected. In this regard, because of the proximity of the number of new (61722 people) and old communities (62660 people), 183 questionnaires in new and 183 questionnaire in old neighborhoods were completed. In order to understand the gap between studied indices of residents of new and old neighborhoods, due to the nature of interval data, an independent T-Test was used. T-Test results determine that in many of the components between the two communities (respondents) there is a significant difference. In general it can be claimed that according to the field studies, as well as respondents new neighborhood in most cases than the old ones have better conditions in terms of walking capability. Keywords: Walking capability,urban neighborhoods, standard rules, Guilan province, Rasht city. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
158 - Improving human resources based on Islamic criteria to reduce conscious organizational forgetfulness of employees of government organizations in Kerman city
Rasoul Salarnejad Amin Nikpour Yaser Salari sanjar salajegheThe current research was carried out with the aim of designing a human resources improvement model based on Islamic criteria in order to reduce the conscious organizational forgetfulness of employees of government organizations in Kerman city. The statistical population MoreThe current research was carried out with the aim of designing a human resources improvement model based on Islamic criteria in order to reduce the conscious organizational forgetfulness of employees of government organizations in Kerman city. The statistical population of this research consists of two groups, the first group includes experts who are familiar with the theories of improving human resources based on Islamic criteria and reducing the conscious organizational forgetfulness of employees, whose number is unknown and scattered throughout the country, and how they are selected selectively. and in this research, in the section of compiling and designing the model, their opinion has been used, and the second group includes all the employees of government offices in Kerman city (29,697 people), who are busy performing their duties in all government offices of this city, according to Cochran's formula 380 One of them was selected as a sample. The methodology of conducting a descriptive-survey research and in the field of data collection from human resource improvement questionnaires based on Islamic criteria and conscious organizational forgetfulness of employees, whose validity is 0.92, 0.91, and reliability respectively. 0.98.2, 0.93.7 are used. According to the average obtained for the human resources improvement variables based on Islamic criteria in order to reduce the conscious organizational forgetfulness of the employees of government organizations in Kerman city, it can be said that these variables are at a more than satisfactory level. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
159 - An investigation of Lexical Gap in standard Persian in comparison with compound and phrasal verbs in Mousirazi dialect
Rouhollah YaghoubiMousirazi dialect is one of the southern Khorasan Razavi dialect which is spoken in the Mousiraz village in the neighborhood of Gonabad city. This research seeks to ascertain the extent to which vocabulary or random vocabulary is used in Persian language, in comparison MoreMousirazi dialect is one of the southern Khorasan Razavi dialect which is spoken in the Mousiraz village in the neighborhood of Gonabad city. This research seeks to ascertain the extent to which vocabulary or random vocabulary is used in Persian language, in comparison with some compound and phrasal verbs in the Mousirazi dialect. Due to immigration to other cities and the declination of the native population of this village, the dialect is in danger, as the new generation has a very different life style in which you hardly encounter the elders' language especially in vocabularies. In this study, the method is field research and the data were collected through interviews with a different range of people especially elderly native speakers. The collected data were limited to 93 of the current compound verbs and phrases and the words from other categories were disregarded. The results indicated that there are verbs including compound verbs without any equivalence in standard Persian. It is notable that in Mousirazi dialect verbs that represent emotions and interpersonal relationships are used with a wider range rather than standard Persian. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
160 - Investigation and Linguistics Description of pronoun types in Lori Dialect of Kamfirooz
parisa davari Ebrahim Janilanguage is a prescribed system of phonemes, speech, and writing signs. It is also a means of communication to understand other humans. Since the acquisition of language ability, the existence of different languages and dialects was understood by people. Lin Morelanguage is a prescribed system of phonemes, speech, and writing signs. It is also a means of communication to understand other humans. Since the acquisition of language ability, the existence of different languages and dialects was understood by people. Linguistics means scientific study of human language and applied linguistic is a branch of a novel knowledge which investigates practical methods and techniques of language research. dialectology is a branch of applied linguistics. Lori dialect of Kamfirooz belongs to southwest languages of Iran. Its grammar and lexical structure of this dialect show that it is rooted in middle persian. (Sasani- Pahlavi) which is a sequence of ancient Farsi. Kamfirooz is a vast area of Marvdasht town located in Fars province. The present study is done by a combination of field and descriptive method. Through linguistic analysis, this study has provided a variety of pronouns in Kamfirooz Lori. The study shows that pronouns of this dialect have some similarities and differences with Farsi; some pronouns of this dialect equal with Farsi counterparts and for some of these pronouns a special word is used. For example Speakers of this dialect use /Vo/ instead of third person singular pronoun (He/She) and (/Vo/, /Yo) instead of "This" and "That". Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
161 - Conjugational structure of verb in Papooni accent in khomareh Nowdaan
Soodabe Keshavarzi Akbar Sayadkuh Askar SeyadatHuman beings heritage of Intellectual, literary, cultural and scientific are illustrated in language; so, many researchers have been involved in the study of language. Papoon is one of the villages of Kohmaereh Nowdaan in Kazeroon city. The inhabitants speak in Papooni MoreHuman beings heritage of Intellectual, literary, cultural and scientific are illustrated in language; so, many researchers have been involved in the study of language. Papoon is one of the villages of Kohmaereh Nowdaan in Kazeroon city. The inhabitants speak in Papooni accent. In this article, conjugational structure of verb has been investigated. One of the writers of this research is a native Papooni speaker and in order to gather data, he interviewed with some of illiterate speakers of this accent. The results showed that verb in Papooni accent like other middle Iranian languages are constructed based on present and past tenses. The other point is that transitive and intransitive conjugations of verbs are different. Conjugations of transitive verbs like middle Persian identifiers come at the beginning of the verb and intransitive in past tense are also different regarding this accent which can be categorized as the so-called ergative family. Also, the results showed that identifiers of past and present verb are not the same. In Papooni accent past participle like modern and Old Persian is constructed (past root + fatheh). For expressing concepts related to the future, the verb will be used in general conjugation of verb in Papooni accent radically different from standard Persian and some forms of verb are constructed in different ways. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
162 - Spirantization Process in Sirjani dialect: Generative Phonology
Tahereh Ezatabadi poor Ashrafosaddat ShahidiThe purpose of this article is to identify one of the most important phonological fricative processes named spirantization in Sirjani variety based on the framework of generative phonology. For this purpose, the data have been extracted from written documents such as th MoreThe purpose of this article is to identify one of the most important phonological fricative processes named spirantization in Sirjani variety based on the framework of generative phonology. For this purpose, the data have been extracted from written documents such as the books, the glossaries, the articles, and written theses on this variety. In addition, the writers are native speakers of this variability. In this research, written sources such as dissertations, articles, and other available books in this field have also been used as literature review. Data are transcribed based on the APA and the research methodology is descriptive-analytic form. By examining the data, several types of spirantization processes have been extracted and they are investigated in this paper. The questions discussed in this study are as follows: 1. what types of phonological processes of spirantization are there in Sirjani variety? 2- How many consonants and vowels are there in Sirjani variety in comparison with standard Persian? Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
163 - The Comparative and structured analysis of the phonological changes of “obtained VaV" in Persian Language and Shushtari dialect
Mahdi Kadkhodaye terahi Elkhas VeysiThe natives of Shushtar speak the Shushtari dialect in the northern region of Khuzestan province. This dialect has some differences with standard Persian in terms of phonetic and production of features. Some of the phonetic features and their manifestations used in the MoreThe natives of Shushtar speak the Shushtari dialect in the northern region of Khuzestan province. This dialect has some differences with standard Persian in terms of phonetic and production of features. Some of the phonetic features and their manifestations used in the past (before Islam until about the eighth century AH, traces of which are left in Persian texts) and among Persian speakers still occurs in the Shushtari dialect. One of the surviving phonetic signs in this dialect is “obtained VaV " reflected in the speech interactions of the speakers of this region in the phonetic construction of the words. For this reason, the aim of the present study is to investigate the phonetic changes of “obtained VaV " in the situations and context of spoken and native Persian language. To achieve the objectives of this study, 70 native speakers in the age range of 35 to 75 years were interviewed. These interviews took place in a natural location and context in the Shushtar geographical area. One of the authors’ linguistic nature as well as some written sources were used to be cautious in the data collection process. The data were analyzed with sufficient evidence and according to some phonological processes such as " apposition". The research method is descriptive-analytical and concurrent. The results of the present study indicate that the sound cluster "obtained VaV" in some words has remained as it was used in the past, and in others, due to the phonological process of conversion, to a loud vowel or another vowel. It has become a different phoneme with its degrees of durability. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
164 - Semantic Analysis of Verbs in Lori Mamasani based on Frame Semantics Theory
Maryam Mohammadi Ameneh Zare Mohammad Hossein Sharafzadeh Esmaeil JadidiFrame Semantics was first proposed by Charles Fillmore (1982), and it states that word meaning is constructed within a system of knowledge deeply rooted in the socio-cultural experiences of humans. In this theory, the conception of 'Frame' is deemed to be an approach to MoreFrame Semantics was first proposed by Charles Fillmore (1982), and it states that word meaning is constructed within a system of knowledge deeply rooted in the socio-cultural experiences of humans. In this theory, the conception of 'Frame' is deemed to be an approach towards semantic analysis of natural languages. "Verbs”, as the most important construction of the languages, are presented in the utmost states and occurrence of the events and they play an important role in semantic change. The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficiency of Frame Semantics in Lori Mamasani and to provide the semantic frames of certain verbs of this dialect. The data in this study consists of 32 verbs out of 128 verbs collected from Lori Mamasani which were examined through descriptive-analytical approach. Analyzing the semantic frames of these verbs, our findings suggest that there are significant differences between the semantic frames of these verbs with their corresponding verbs in the standard Persian. We argue that these differences originate from social and individual experiences of societies. These verbs, in their utility range, have more meaning inferences and more concepts compared to the standard Persian. In other words, they have undergone semantic variation and they have lost their meaning components in the standard Persian over time. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
165 - A Novel Video Compression Algorithm Using Wavelet Transform and neural network
Mohammad Rahmanian Ahmad Hatam Mohammad Ali ShafieeianVideos are made up of a temporal sequence of frames and are projected at a proper rate to create the illusion of motion. This means that there exists a high correlation between adjacent temporal frames so that when projected at a proper rate, smooth motion is seen. Corr MoreVideos are made up of a temporal sequence of frames and are projected at a proper rate to create the illusion of motion. This means that there exists a high correlation between adjacent temporal frames so that when projected at a proper rate, smooth motion is seen. Correlation between adjacent temporal frames is called interframe correlation. In order to decode compressed video bit stream uniformly by various platforms and devices, the bit stream format must be predefined. Thus, there must be a standard for a video compressor, which will enable all standard-compliant compressed video data to be decoded anywhere. The goal is to propose a new video compression algorithm based on wavelet transform and neural networks. Using wavelet transform leads to factorization in temporal as well as spatial domain. The goal in this paper is to achieve a compression algorithm which would be faster and has more compression ratio. Neural networks are used for prediction which is one of the most important functions in any video compression scheme. Furthermore, the proposed algorithm is compared with MPEG standard. Simulation results show the befits of using wavelet transform which reveal that the proposed algorithm is faster and has better performance in some aspects compared to MPEG standard. The video which obtained from proposed algorithm has acceptable in human visual and since it needs less than space for storing, it is suitable for portable devices. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
166 - Fault Tolerance Analysis Among Subscriber Stations in the WiMAX Mesh Network
Mahboubeh Afzali Mahmood Fathi MAjid Harooni Kamalrulnizam Abu BakarThe WiMAX mesh network based IEEE 802.16 standard provides maximum using of the bandwidth channel. Mesh WiMAX network is a promising technology by offering high data rate, broadband wireless access, high quality of service and large coverage area with the low cost of de MoreThe WiMAX mesh network based IEEE 802.16 standard provides maximum using of the bandwidth channel. Mesh WiMAX network is a promising technology by offering high data rate, broadband wireless access, high quality of service and large coverage area with the low cost of deployment. One of the most important issues in the WiMAX network is the failure of subscriber stations due to less power or mobility or etc during the relay multi hop transmission path so that knowing of the fault tolerant parameters such as connection resilience has received much attention recently. In this paper, we propose an analytical framework to estimate the connction availability and connection resilience for one node based on the Continuous Time Markov Chain (CTMC) using multiple back up nodes for the selection of sponsor nodes. The multiple backup sponsor node technique enhances the fault tolerance of network in front of failure of sponsor nodes. We also develop the analytical framework to analyze the connection resilience among subscriber stations in the mesh cluster. Knowing of the connection resilience improves the requirements of succeful transmission. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
167 - The effect of Number and Position of Braced Frames on Failure Distribution and Column Behavior of the Dual Steel Structural System (MRF and EBF)
Alireza Faroughi Sajjad Mohammadi Abd-ol-Reza Sarvghad MoghaddamIn the seismic design of structures, determination of the number and position of braced frames, according to the architectural scheme of projects, is usually encountered with obstacles. This has made it difficult in some cases to choose the best location and number of b MoreIn the seismic design of structures, determination of the number and position of braced frames, according to the architectural scheme of projects, is usually encountered with obstacles. This has made it difficult in some cases to choose the best location and number of braced bays and especially in dual frames, has led to differences in the design forces of their adjacent members (columns). One of the seismic design requirements of lateral resisting system is to control the columns adjacent to braced bays for load combinations of intensified seismic load, which is a function of over-strength factor of the structure. This research aims to present and introduce the best structural model regarding the number and position of braced frames in a structural system, such as steel moment resisting frame and eccentric braces dual system. Though the intensified seismic load function is controlled in models which columns are connected to the braces in 2 directions, and seismic loads are applied in those 2 directions, the number of damaged hinges (Exceeding CP) is significantly increased in comparison with the models with straggly braces. Since the increase in axial force of these columns reduces their moment capacity (despite controlling the amplified seismic load provision), columns in dual systems that resist flexure, would be damaged and exceed the collapse threshold much sooner than other columns. Therefore, it is suggested that, like the publication 360, the control of these columns in an amplified earthquake should not be based solely on axial force, but on the interaction of forces. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
168 - Analytical and Code-based Assessment of Torsional Irregularity in Low to Medium Rise Buildings
Bijan sanaati jamal ahmadi Recent earthquakes have shown that torsional irregularity of buildings is a factor caused collapse of buildings. In previous edition of standard 2800, Iranian code of practice for seismic resistant design of buildings, there was no discussion on More Recent earthquakes have shown that torsional irregularity of buildings is a factor caused collapse of buildings. In previous edition of standard 2800, Iranian code of practice for seismic resistant design of buildings, there was no discussion on torsional irregularity. In the fourth edition, the regulations about this type of irregularity are also included. The aim of this study is to validate the regulations using analytical results and comparison of results with those regulations of other seismic codes. Parameters studied are location of shear walls in the plan, number of stories and number of axes. To study torsional irregularity in the Y plane, shear walls are considered symmetrical and asymmetrical about X and Y axis. Analyzing 96 analytical models, specified that maximum value for torsional irregularity coefficient increases by reducing the number of stories of the building. The upper stories have less torsional irregularity coefficient than the lower stories. The results of rotation angle of floor contrasts to that of torsional irregularity coefficient. A direct relationship proposed to relate the torsional irregularity coefficient and rotation angle of floor. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
169 - Comparative study of concrete structures designing based on the Standard 2800 fourth edition and regulation ASCE/SEI 7-16
Sasan Ghoflgar Ghasemi saeid javaherzadehExamining the results of calculation and designing of buildings bases on earthquake regulation is very important due to locating of Iran on earthquake belt. Standard 2800 fourth edition is currently the latest regulation of building designing against earthquake issued b MoreExamining the results of calculation and designing of buildings bases on earthquake regulation is very important due to locating of Iran on earthquake belt. Standard 2800 fourth edition is currently the latest regulation of building designing against earthquake issued by the Ministry of Roads and Urban Planning for designing of buildings. This regulation depicts the national determination and the government plans for reduction of the damages resultant from earthquake.In order to better understand the strengths and weaknesses of our country's law and to improve the defects in subsequent versions of the law, we compared the results of designing buildings according to Iran's rules and ASCE / SEI 7-16. In this paper concrete buildings 7 and 8 The height between the floors of 20.3 m and in two types of terrain II and III by Etabs 2016 software have been examined based on the two regulations. Based on studies carried out in accordance with the ASCE / SEI Regulations 7-16 in Iran, the use of a medium-ductile bending frame is not permissible, and the effects of the vertical load of the earthquake should be reconsidered, and it is suggested that the relative deformation for Categorize different individual hazards Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
170 - Comparison of Exploitation Criteria and Acceleration of Long Diagrid Steel Structures with Environmental Frame System Based on Dynamic Wind Analysis
mehdi hooshmand Hassan Haji Kazemi Seyed Alireza ZareeiConsidering the widespread use of diagrid systems in tall buildings, it is necessary to investigate the behavior of this structural system against the wind and control comfort criteria based on acceleration. According to different regulations, it is evident that there i MoreConsidering the widespread use of diagrid systems in tall buildings, it is necessary to investigate the behavior of this structural system against the wind and control comfort criteria based on acceleration. According to different regulations, it is evident that there is not much guidance for the design of this structural system and its requirements have not yet been included in the design regulations. Therefore, one of the most important goals of the current research is to investigate and use the Diagrid structural system as one of the modern structural systems in high-rise buildings. Another goal of this research is to compare the performance of the diagrid system with the environmental pipe system. Accordingly, the effect of various parameters including the acceleration of floors and shear of the base under dynamic wind load has been evaluated. It is expected that the performance of the diagonal network will be evaluated with a more detailed understanding of the diagonal network in tall structures and the evaluation of the operation and comfort criteria based on the acceleration against the wind load using dynamic time history analysis applying Cholesky, ergodic and AP methods. The results have been compared with the formulas of the ASCE7 regulation and the AIJ-GBV-2004 and ISO 10137:2007 comfort criteria and the National Building Code of Canada (NBCC). These investigations indicate that the acceleration of the diagrid system floors based on ASCE7 wind dynamic response prediction equations, has exceeded the permissible limit of ASCE 7 regulation by 20 milli-g (20Gal). This is due to the high estimation of ASCE 7 equations compared to the results of wind time history analysis. In such a way that in the 50-, 70-, and 100-story buildings, the maximum accelerations of the roof obtained from the ASCE 7 equation are 1.83, 2.07, and 1.87 times the results of the dynamic analysis of wind time history, respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
171 - A Survey of the Status of Smart Schools based on Standards and Comparison of its Students Academic Performance and Critical Thinking with Public Schools
Maryam Heidari Mojdeh Vaziri Fariba AdliThe present study aimed to investigate the status of smart schools based on standards and to compare its performance with that of public schools. The study method was descriptive survey. The statistical population included all girl secondary schools in city of Yazd. Two MoreThe present study aimed to investigate the status of smart schools based on standards and to compare its performance with that of public schools. The study method was descriptive survey. The statistical population included all girl secondary schools in city of Yazd. Two public high schools were selected via cluster sampling, and two smart schools were selected via census method. Instruments included smart schools evaluation check list (observation) to examine the present status of the schools, critical thinking skills test, and third grade average to measure academic achievements of the students. SPSS software was used for data analysis, and descriptive and inferential statistics (t test) were used to test the research questions. The findings showed that the current status of smart schools was in low level with respect to teaching-learning content, ICT infrastructure, trained teachers and computer communication with the schools. Only with respect to principals' use of computers it was in accepted level. Also, there was not a significant difference between smart school students' performance and that of the public school students in critical thinking but in academic achievement there was significant difference. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
172 - The Rate of Using Components of standards in Designing Electronic Courses in Educational Contents of State-Virtual Universities in Iran
Salma Elahiyan Firouz Kamian KhazaeiThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the rate of using standards of designing electronic courses in educational contents of state-virtual universities in Iran. The method of the study was a descriptive-survey one. The statistical population was the educational cont MoreThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the rate of using standards of designing electronic courses in educational contents of state-virtual universities in Iran. The method of the study was a descriptive-survey one. The statistical population was the educational content of electronic courses in state-virtual universities such as University of Science and Technology, and Shiraz University. Data collection was done through interview and observation and for recording data; a researcher-made check list was used. Cronbach Alpha coefficient of the check list was calculated 0/95. The data were analyzed through frequency tables, one sample t-test, Kolmogorov-Sminov and Friedman test. Results showed that using seven criteria for designing electronic courses and their components were suitable and appropriate. In addition, Friedman test results indicated ranking of criteria in the form of page layout, general information, language, organization, recourses, availability and evaluation. Finally, priority of indicators for each component was also determined. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
173 - کاوشی در نگرش معلمان باتجربه ایرانی زبان انگلیسی نسبت به مدل جدیدی از نظارت بر کار معلم
اشرف منتصری رضا پژوهان دوست داوود قهرمانیاین مطالعه ادراک معلمان باتجربه زبان انگلیسی را از یک مدل نظارتی چهار مرحلهای که برای توسعه حرفهای معلمان اجرا شده بود، بررسی کرد. شرکت کنندگان در این پژوهش 100 معلم زن و مرد با تجربه زبان انگلیسی با مدارک تحصیلی متفاوت از مناطق مختلف استان البرز بودند. کلاس های شرکت Moreاین مطالعه ادراک معلمان باتجربه زبان انگلیسی را از یک مدل نظارتی چهار مرحلهای که برای توسعه حرفهای معلمان اجرا شده بود، بررسی کرد. شرکت کنندگان در این پژوهش 100 معلم زن و مرد با تجربه زبان انگلیسی با مدارک تحصیلی متفاوت از مناطق مختلف استان البرز بودند. کلاس های شرکت کنندگان مشاهده شد و بازخورد مناسب داده شد. سپس گردهمایی برگزار شد و کلیه اطلاعات مربوط به روند برگزاری دوره رشد حرفه ای معلمان (TPD) اعلام شد. پس از آن شرکت کنندگان در یک دوره آموزشی TPD شرکت کردند که از طریق آن تمامی اجزای اصلی و فرعی یک مدل استاندارد TPD به صورت تئوری و عملی آموزش داده شد. سپس سری دوم مشاهدات انجام شد. در نهایت، برای واکاوی نظر عمیق و دقیق شرکت کنندگان در مورد اثربخشی برنامه های نظارتی اجرا شده، 30 معلم مجرب به عنوان نمایندگان جامعه معلمان مجرب به صورت تصادفی مصاحبه شدند و گزارش های کیفی مورد تجزیه و تحلیل موضوعی قرار گرفتند. نتایج نشان داد که حرفهای بودن تمام معلمان باتجربه بسیار توسعه یافته بود و همه آنها عمیقاً از تمام شیوههای اجرا شده از طریق این مدل رضایت داشتند. این مطالعه پیامدهایی برای سیاستگذاران، سوپروایزرهای معلمان، معلمان و مدیران مدارس داشت. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
174 - استفاده از روشهای تفاضل متناهی غیر استاندارد برای حل معادله شرودینگر تبدیل شده به ODE
فرنوش ایزدی -
Open Access Article
175 - A NEW APPROACH OF FUZZY NUMBERS WITH DIFFERENT SHAPES AND DEVIATION
A. Ghanizadeh N. Parandin -
Open Access Article
176 - کاربرد مدلهای مختلط یک طرفه برای تخمین روابط ژنتیکی و فنوتیپی بین سخت زایی و صفات منحنی شیردهی در گاوهای هلشتاین ایران: مقایسهای با مدلهای مختلط استاندارد
م.س. مختاری م. مرادی شهربابک ا. نجاتی جوارمی گ.جی.ام روزادر پژوهش کنونی رکوردهای 22872 رأس گاو هلشتاین شکم نخست که طی سالهای 1384 تا 1393 توسط مرکز اصلاح نژاد و بهبود تولیدات دامی کشور در 131 گله جمع­ آوری شده بودند برای تخمین همبستگی ­های ژنتیکی و فنوتیپی بین سخت ­زایی و صفات منحنی شیردهی شامل تولید شیر اولیه، ش Moreدر پژوهش کنونی رکوردهای 22872 رأس گاو هلشتاین شکم نخست که طی سالهای 1384 تا 1393 توسط مرکز اصلاح نژاد و بهبود تولیدات دامی کشور در 131 گله جمع­ آوری شده بودند برای تخمین همبستگی ­های ژنتیکی و فنوتیپی بین سخت ­زایی و صفات منحنی شیردهی شامل تولید شیر اولیه، شیب­ های افزایشی و کاهشی منحنی شیردهی، تولید در اوج شیردهی، تعداد روز لازم برای رسیدن به اوج شیردهی و تداوم شیردهی تحت مدلهای مختلط یک طرفه و استاندارد استفاده شدند. مدل­ های مختلط یک طرفه با در نظر گرفتن سخت ­زایی به عنوان کواریت هر یک از صفات منحنی شیردهی و نیز در نظر گرفتن وجود همبستگی ژنتیکی بین سخت ­زایی و این صفات برازش گردیدند. نتایج به دست آمده بر وجود روابط علّی معنیدار از طرف سخت­زایی بر تولید شیر اولیه و شیب افزایشی منحنی شیردهی دلالت داشتند. اثرات علّی سخت ­زایی بر تولید شیر اولیه و شیب افزایشی منحنی به ترتیب 0.351- کیلوگرم و 0.005 بودند. همبستگی ژنتیکی مستقیم بین سخت ­زایی و صفات منحنی شیردهی به جز تعداد روز لازم برای رسیدن به اوج شیردهی تحت هر دو مدل مختلط یک طرفه و استاندارد از لحاظ آماری تفاوت معنیداری با صفر نداشتند که نشان میدهد ژنهای مرتبط با سخت­زایی تعداد روز لازم برای رسیدن به اوج شیردهی را نیز افزایش میدهند. مقایسه هر دو مدل با معیار انحراف از اطلاعات (DIC) برتری مدلهای مختلط یک طرفه بر مدلهای مختلط استاندارد را در مطالعه روابط بین سخت­زایی با تولید شیر اولیه و شیب افزایشی منحنی شیردهی نشان داد در حالیکه مدلهای مختلط استاندارد در بررسی روابط سخت ­زایی با شیب کاهشی منحنی شیردهی، تولید در اوج شیردهی، تعداد روز لازم برای رسیدن به اوج شیردهی و تداوم شیردهی عملکرد بهتری داشتند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
177 - Evaluaation and selection process or municipal wastewatertreatment with a structured approach and optimal with methodAHP(Case Study:Shoushtar City)
Farzad Gholipour Sayed Mahmood JazayeriAbstract Application software and mathematical models in wastewater treatment processes combined with technical know-how precious time is to be.treatmen wastwater, in order to stabilize the organic matter in large and small communities done intermediate good water and s MoreAbstract Application software and mathematical models in wastewater treatment processes combined with technical know-how precious time is to be.treatmen wastwater, in order to stabilize the organic matter in large and small communities done intermediate good water and sanitation can be considered the value is added and the resulting solid material reuse it to produce effluent standard and to strengthen the underground aquifers done, as part of this research using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and the work developed by the Expert Choice software relying on the experts compared the different processes were, of the five selected processes with weights WETLAND (0.399) and weight POND (0.351) BIOLAC with (0.108) and weight SBR process (0.085) and CAS weight (0.057) WETLAND option or Wetland with subsurface due weight should mention (0.399) has been chosen. in another part of the city of Shoushtar research using case study and review laboratory results,Confirmed that to design and build a wastewater treatment plant wastewater is important both quantitative and qualitative parameters and the financial comparison and evaluation processes of the study verified a first method (AHP) as a result, natural and semi-natural method because the process of being cheap and relatively quick return on investment with good efficiency Been selected. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
178 - Development of a Wavelet Hybrid Models for Estimating Regional Droughts in Siminehroud Basin
Erfan Rostam Zade alireza parvishiIn the present study, the drought of Siminehroud basin was investigated by intelligent Support Vector Machine (SVM) models, Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and Wavelet theory (W). Data from six rain gauge stations in the region were used and drought index was calculated MoreIn the present study, the drought of Siminehroud basin was investigated by intelligent Support Vector Machine (SVM) models, Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and Wavelet theory (W). Data from six rain gauge stations in the region were used and drought index was calculated in four time scales. The first-order autocorrelation was also selected as the optimal delay. Then the appropriate structure of the Artificial Neural Network was determined using Trial and Error Method and the three coefficients of the SVM model were determined and modeled. The results of evaluating individual models showed that there is no significant difference between two methods in predicting droughts. Then WANN and WSVM hybrid models were prepared. The results showed that the application of Wavelet theory greatly improved the performance of individual models and the amount of RMSE and MAE indices decreased by 19% and 21% and the correlation coefficient increased by 30%, respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
179 - Developed Measure and Making level of servicing in Town districts of Marivan (Case study: center district of Marivan)
پرویز کردوانی صلاح شریفیThe present article attempts to examine the developmental level of Marivan villages based on standardized and functional models (second type). First, Marivan County has been introduced, and then, human indices of Marivan villages have been presen MoreThe present article attempts to examine the developmental level of Marivan villages based on standardized and functional models (second type). First, Marivan County has been introduced, and then, human indices of Marivan villages have been presented. Marivan central district, as a case study, has been ranked 2nd and 1st of all districts based on standardized models and functional models (second type), respectively. Besides, it has been ranked 1st based on both models as far as population index is concerned. In order for results to be obtained, 19 cases of population, literacy, employment, housing, educational, cultural, religious, political and administrative indices as well as infrastructure including water, electricity and gas, healthcare, communication and commerce services were analyzed. It proves obvious that such field analytical knowledge will certainly be beneficialto rural planners as far as local development is concerned. This article is based on the researcher’s thesis entitled “a survey of the capability of 3 economic factors of agriculture, industry and tourism regarding sustainable development and planning of rural areas in Marivan; A case study: central district of Marivan. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
180 - Drought in Gorgan Synoptic Station. Estimation and Analysing
Hossein Mohammadi Mohsen Soltani Ali HanafiDrought is the most important kinds of natural hazards and it is a secret and slow phenomena which results from climate processes. The intensity and frequency of it depends on geographical position. it occurs due to decrease of raining rate once at several years. In ord MoreDrought is the most important kinds of natural hazards and it is a secret and slow phenomena which results from climate processes. The intensity and frequency of it depends on geographical position. it occurs due to decrease of raining rate once at several years. In order to study of Gorgan station droughts we used from Meteorological organization data for a period (1976-2005).After primary investigation, drought was analysed by using of standard distribution, Percentage Normal and Deciles, so that it was extracted the weak and intermediate droughts and its trend on station. Results showed that 85-95 decades were the driest decade in statistical duration and according to used indexes, the year of 1990 had the severest drought value. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
181 - Application Methods of Thymus vulgaris Essential Oil and Their Effect on Vase Life and Qualitative Traits of Gladiolus grandiflorus L. Cut Flowers
Sara Nikkhah Eshghi Sepideh Kalate jariIn this study, combined effect of two essential oils, Thymol and Carvacrol, with different concentrations in two methods on Gladiolous grandiflorous L. was investigated based on a completely randomized design with 3 replicates and four flower in each replicate. Sansusi MoreIn this study, combined effect of two essential oils, Thymol and Carvacrol, with different concentrations in two methods on Gladiolous grandiflorous L. was investigated based on a completely randomized design with 3 replicates and four flower in each replicate. Sansusi variety applied that was red. In short term method, different concentrations of Thymol and Carvacrolin including 25+25, 50+50 and 75+75 ppm with sucrose 6% and distilled water (as control) were evaluated. Red flowers were treated in mentioned solutions for 24 hours and then they were taken to distilled water to the end of evaluation period. In standard method, different concentrations including 12.5+12.5, 25+25 and 37.5+37.5 ppm and sucrose 2% and distilled water as control were used. Flowers were kept in solutions from beginning experiment until the end of vase life. Every 48 hour, once, solutions were made to replace. Preserver solutions can use with wholesalers or retailers to protect flowers in order to sold users. Thymol and carvacrol as the most essential oil of Thymus vulgaris have strong antimicrobial and antioxidant effects. In short term method, combined treatment of thymol and carvacrol with 150 ppm had the most soluble sugar and petal aqueous contents and the least rate of blossoming. In addition, the most vase life in combined treatment of carvacrol and thymol was observed in 100 ppm with mean of 11.57days. Concentration of Anthocyanin was the most in short-term method in compared to standard in last days of experiment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
182 - تحلیل درجه ریسک پذیری پنبه کاران ایران رهیافت: مدل غیر خطی میانگین- انحرافمعیار
ابراهیم مرادی اسماء عبداللهی درمیانبا توجه به کاهش سطح زیر کشت پنبه در ایران طی سالهای اخیر، بررسی درجه ریسکپذیری پنبهکاران بخش زراعی کشور امری ضروری است. بررسیها نشان میدهد که عملکرد این محصول طی سالهای گذشته، رشد کافی نداشته و هزینه تولید پنبه نیزافزایش داشته است. رشد قیمت پنبه متناسب با افزایش ه Moreبا توجه به کاهش سطح زیر کشت پنبه در ایران طی سالهای اخیر، بررسی درجه ریسکپذیری پنبهکاران بخش زراعی کشور امری ضروری است. بررسیها نشان میدهد که عملکرد این محصول طی سالهای گذشته، رشد کافی نداشته و هزینه تولید پنبه نیزافزایش داشته است. رشد قیمت پنبه متناسب با افزایش هزینه تولید این محصول در دوره مورد مطالعه نیست. در این پژوهش گرایش ریسکی پنبهکاران با استفاده از رهیافت پارامتری و مدل میانگین- انحراف معیار ساها بررسی شد. اطلاعات آماری و هزینه تولید استانهای تولیدکننده عمده پنبه، طی سالهای 1389-1379 گردآوری شد. با توجه به ماهیت تابلویی دادهها مدلهای اقتصادسنجی در قالب دادههای تابلویی تصریح و تخمین زده شد. نتایج حاکی از ریسک گریز بودن پنبهکاران است وگرایش ریسک گریزی پنبهکاران با افزایش نوسانات قیمت محصول (ریسک قیمتی) و عملکرد در هکتار افزایش مییابد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
183 - Study of Soil Liquefaction Potential in the South of Urmia plain, reviewing the Japanese specifications for highway bridges 1999
Ali Alizadeh Tohid Malekzadeh Dilmaghani -
Open Access Article
184 - The effects of designing quality management technical standards on product maturity and excellence
Hojjat Moeeni Mehrdad Javadi Sadigh Raissi -
Open Access Article
185 - Ductility-based Seismic Design Of Steel Plate Shear Walls: Practical Application Using Standard Sections
Mayank K. Gupta Swapnil B. Kharmale Siddhartha Ghosh -
Open Access Article
186 - Semantic Solutions for Digital Libraries Emphasizing on Semantic Web Standards and Technologies
Zohreh Mirhoseini morad dastaranObjective: This paper describes the emerging semantic-social concepts in digital libraries and explores the potential use of semantic web technologies. Methods: The present study is a qualitative and analytical-explanatory one that uses Michel Foucault's theoretical (pa MoreObjective: This paper describes the emerging semantic-social concepts in digital libraries and explores the potential use of semantic web technologies. Methods: The present study is a qualitative and analytical-explanatory one that uses Michel Foucault's theoretical (paleontological) contexts to evaluate changes in the semantic web domain. Results: The present study, after examining the challenges of semantic web implementation and access to semantic tools and services, demonstrates the benefits of applying standards (RDA and RDF), and thus provides a brief classification of tools and services. Semantic services are provided. In addition, a checklist has been suggested to further evaluate semantic tools, services, and projects. Conclusion: Given that digital libraries will hold a huge amount of future data, As a result, the use of semantic web standards and technologies in digital libraries offers a new level of flexibility, interaction, interoperability and knowledge sharing and enhances their capabilities, so it is necessary to use from semantic web standards and tools. In semantic web a framework will be presented that every subject can be defined according to its special features, also these subjects among a net of communications have a possibility of adding a new or related meaning. Through semantic web, social semantic digital libraries will present a new level of capabilities, increasing cooperation& mutual communication, and sharing knowledge. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
187 - Procrastination in evaluating academic libraries based on green library components and lead standards
Fatemeh Rezaeimanesh Mohsen Haji Zeanolabedini Amir Reza AsnafiObjective: The purpose of this study is to clarify the role of libraries in society and implement the process of sustainable development, clarify the role of university libraries and evaluate them based on components, green library indicators and lead standards and prov MoreObjective: The purpose of this study is to clarify the role of libraries in society and implement the process of sustainable development, clarify the role of university libraries and evaluate them based on components, green library indicators and lead standards and provide strategies to them. Methodology: The present study was conducted using the library methods and literature review.Results: The research findings showed that in order to have a green university library, this issue should first be considered by the society and the government, and in order to implement it, it should start by promoting green thinking and culture in the society. Because many of our problems in this area are rooted in culture and misuse of natural and non-renewable resources. University libraries have a great role to play in this regard due to their mission in teaching culture and creating a global civilization.Conclusion: To have a university green library, you do not necessarily have to start with a green building, but these libraries have green missions. Optimal use of water and non-renewable energy, use of recycling methods and waste management are known as green libraries. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
188 - Transcription and Transliteration Standards Accepted By Specialists Of Linguistics And Librarianship And Information
Narges Khatoun Azizian Fariborz Khosravi Sayed Aliakbar Famil Rohani mostefa assiTranscription and transliteration standards accepted by specialists of linguistics and librarianship and informationNarges Khatoun Azizian PhD. candidate, Knowledge and Information Science, Hamadan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Hamadan, Iran. Nargesazizian5@gmail.com MoreTranscription and transliteration standards accepted by specialists of linguistics and librarianship and informationNarges Khatoun Azizian PhD. candidate, Knowledge and Information Science, Hamadan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Hamadan, Iran. Nargesazizian5@gmail.comFariborz Khosravi, Associate Professor, National Library and Archives of Iran, (Corresponding author), fa.khosravi@gmail.comSeyyed Ali Akbar Familrouhani, Assistant Professor, Knowledge and Information Science, Hamadan Branch ,Islamic Azad University , Hamadan, Iran, sfamilrouhany@gmail.comSeyyed Mostafa Assi, Professor and Dean, Humanities and Cultural Studies Tehran, Iran mostafa.assi@gmail.com Objective: Study was conducted to identify the standards of transcription and transliteration accepted by expert's linguistics and librarianship and information.Methodology: Research is practical in terms of object, survey in terms of how to collect information and descriptive in terms of type. The statistical population includes 31 professors of linguistics and specialists in documentation, cataloging of the resources of Islamology and Iranology, and experts of International Standard Serial Number center of the National Library. A checklist of tables of differentiating Persian characters into English according to transcription and transliteration standards that was made available to the statistical community.Results: According to the findings, the predominant writing form for transcription and transliteration is 16 Persian consonants, 20 English single phoneme consonants and two phonemes English consonants. According to standards, the statistical population has less dispersion in selecting English characters for short Persian vowels than English characters for long Persian vowels.Conclusion: The national standard of ISIR 1822 was proposed for transliterating Persian characters into English and the ISO 233-3 standard was proposed for transliteration of Persian characters into English. Moreover, for short Persian vowels in English, two standards, ISERI 1822 and ISO 233-3 were proposed. Regarding the choice of English long vowels / I, u / for Persian vowels (ای، او), it is 100% in accordance with the 1822 ISIR national standard. But the interviewees for the long vowel (آ) suggested the English letter / ā /, which corresponds to 7 transliteration standards and 1 transcription standard.Keywords: transliteration standards, transcription standards, transliteration, transcription Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
189 - Improving the semantic description of digital archive objects using descriptive metadata elements of the RiC conceptual model
Mohammad Hassan Azimi faeze sadat tabatabai amiriObjective: The aim is to study the application of descriptive metadata elements of the RiC conceptual model in improving the semantic description of digital archive objects. Methodology: Using the descriptive-analytical method, the research compared the elements of two MoreObjective: The aim is to study the application of descriptive metadata elements of the RiC conceptual model in improving the semantic description of digital archive objects. Methodology: Using the descriptive-analytical method, the research compared the elements of two archival description metadata schemes (encrypted archival description standard (AED) and international general archival description standard (ISAD). The mentioned plans were obtained from the website of the Library of Congress. and a table of comparative elements was prepared in Excel. In addition, descriptive metadata elements in the descriptive information of the RiC model, which takes into account the basic principles of organizing and describing the meaning of archival materials, were extracted and translated from its manuscript. Results: RiC-CM, at the same time, combines the descriptive entities provided by the International Council of Archives (ICA) and differentiates between them. Individuals should be described is not the same as the way a set of records should be described. Brick-based ISAD is a "multi-level" model and provides "multi-level description", as the description of archival entities is hierarchical in nature and often comes in multiple levels. RiC-CM has designed a "multi-dimensional description" and instead of a "multi-level" description in the form of a hierarchy, the description may be in the form of a diagram or a network. Therefore, in addition to describing archival entities, it considers entities in a wider context in relation to other entities; and improves the semantic description of digital archive objects. Conclusion: The target audience of the RiC conceptual model is the archival community, and its purpose is to provide the principles and methods of describing archives and by modifying the method of describing archival objects in the ISAD (G) standard, it enables archivists to correct and improve the description of records in digital archives. In addition, beyond the descriptive standards The current IKA moves both structurally and conceptually. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
190 - The level of students’ information literacy based on the information literacy standards for the higher education students (ACRL)
Nayyer Taraghikhah Mahboobe SadeghiPurpose: The present paper attempts to study and evaluate the real and basic information literacy of Payam-e-Noor University students in relation to their average and the rate of access to computer. Methodology: The method of this study is descriptive survey. The popul MorePurpose: The present paper attempts to study and evaluate the real and basic information literacy of Payam-e-Noor University students in relation to their average and the rate of access to computer. Methodology: The method of this study is descriptive survey. The population of this study was 300 students of Esfahan, Shahreza, and Semiroum Payam-e-Noor universities. The method of sampling was cluster sampling. Research tool is the questionnaire designed by Davarpanah and Siyamak. To analyze data, descriptive statistics, Pearson’s correlation and SPSS software were used. Findings: The total grade of a student with the information literacy was 87 and the point of 50% was 43.5. The total grade of the studied samples in the information literacy skills was 20.10 and the point of standard deviation was 5.62. The lowest average grade related to fifth standard was 3.49. Also, there was a meaningful relation between the first and the second standards, as well as the accessibility of students to the computer but there was no meaningful relation between the accessibility to computer with the other standards. Conclusion: The real level of students’ information literacy was lower than the half of questionnaire grades. The academic education and attendance in the university has not effect on the raise of students’ information literacy level. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
191 - A checklist for quality assessment of information technology-based services in academic libraries
alireza esfandyari moghadam fahimeh babalhavaejiPurpose: Accepting the fact that information technology-based services (ITBS) in academic libraries are considerably ubiquitous and emphasizing that little attention has been given to the overall assessment of ITBS quality in academic libraries, the present paper aims a MorePurpose: Accepting the fact that information technology-based services (ITBS) in academic libraries are considerably ubiquitous and emphasizing that little attention has been given to the overall assessment of ITBS quality in academic libraries, the present paper aims at reviewing the literature related to quality assessment and performance evaluation in academic libraries, and extract key issues. Hence, it attempts to identify a set of criteria that appears to be useful for assessing the quality of academic libraries ITBS and use these criteria to develop an instrument or evaluation checklist for evaluating the quality of academic libraries ITBS. Methodology: The method used in the research is literature review by which related literature concerning quality assessment of academic libraries’ services has been consulted. Findings: The literature tells us that evaluating ITBS in academic libraries should be considered more and thus, more evaluation studies on the basis of validated tools are needed. Conclusions: Hopefully, the suggested evaluation tool or some parts of it will be used by future studies. Undoubtedly, this evaluation checklist can be enriched by further studies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
192 - Evaluating the Libraries of Tehran Province Oil Industry according to Iranian Special Libraries Standards
Nahid Banieghbal Masoumeh AlikaramiObjective: The main purpose of this research is to evaluate the Libraries of Tehran Province OilIndustry according to Iranian Special Libraries Standards. There are 8 main Factors: Objects &Duties, Organization & management, Employees, Acquisition, Classificatio MoreObjective: The main purpose of this research is to evaluate the Libraries of Tehran Province OilIndustry according to Iranian Special Libraries Standards. There are 8 main Factors: Objects &Duties, Organization & management, Employees, Acquisition, Classification, Services to clients,Building & equipments, Budget to evaluate these libraries.Methodology: The survey and comparative method has been used for this research. For gatheringthe information a questionnaire was designed which was based on the Iranian Special LibrariesStandards. The statistical sample of this study is 21 libraries of Tehran Province Oil Industry.Findings: For evaluating Libraries of Tehran Province Oil Industry according to Iranian SpecialLibraries Standards, 113 factors were considered. The information of Objects & Duties,Organization & management, Employees, Acquisition, Classification, Services to clients, Building& equipments and Budget of the studied libraries were provided. The results of the research showthat in 95, 62, 81, 100, 76, 67, 57, 52 percent of studied libraries.Conclusion: The standards regularly have been considered and the hypothesis of the researchconfirmed. Finally some suggestions are proposed for improvement. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
193 - A Comparative Survey of Libraries of Iran’s Science and Technology Parks with the Standards for Iran’s Special Libraries
saeed ghaffari fereshteh sepehr mina Seifi InallouPurpose: This study aims to compare libraries of the country’s Science and Technology parks with the Standards for Iran’s Special Libraries. Methodology: The method used is descriptive survey. The data resulted from questionnaires were analyzed using SPSS s MorePurpose: This study aims to compare libraries of the country’s Science and Technology parks with the Standards for Iran’s Special Libraries. Methodology: The method used is descriptive survey. The data resulted from questionnaires were analyzed using SPSS software (version 16). Descriptive statistics techniques were applied. Findings: Library of Isfahan Science and Technology Town with total average of 70.66% and Library of Yazd Province Park with 30.41% are at the highest and lowest level of conformity with the standards. Also, the mentioned libraries are in accordance with Standards for Iran’s Special Libraries considering goals and tasks (50.85%), organization and management (64.28%), personnel (47.14%), collection (59.76%), resource organization (50%), services (58.71%), construction and equipment (30.12%) and budget (32.68%). Conclusion: 49.19% of libraries of the country's Science and Technology Parks are in accordance with Standards of Iran’s Special Libraries, indicating their low level with regard to the standards. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
194 - Assess the situation elementary school libraries in the region 5 of Tehran and according to IFLA standards
Majid ghasemi Vahideh namdari Keyvan salehiPurpose: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the compliance of current situation of elementary school libraries in the region 5 of Tehran, with the standards of school libraries (IFLA). Methodology: This study used a descriptive survey method. Among the 120 primar MorePurpose: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the compliance of current situation of elementary school libraries in the region 5 of Tehran, with the standards of school libraries (IFLA). Methodology: This study used a descriptive survey method. Among the 120 primary schools (public) region 5 of Tehran, 30 available school libraries, consisting 15 boys school and 15 girls school, were selected. In order to gather data, an appropriate questionnaire with good technical characteristics (reliability and validity) was used. To analyze the data, descriptive statistics, including mean, frequency and the percentage of frequency was applied. Findings: The results indicate that surveyed libraries are too far from the standards of IFLA. The outcomes were achieved in seven parts as following: mission and policy (%57), space and equipment (%30.87) and set of resources (%47.78), budget (%38) and workforce (librarian %3.33), services and activities (%62.92) and extension services and promotes learning (%67.78). Conclusion: The results show that school libraries were not in the limit of IFLA standards in any of the studied sections, but the services and promoting services, were in acceptable condition compared with the other sectors. On the other hand, the workforce, due to its deplorable situation, requires particular attention Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
195 - Adaptation of descriptors and keywords of medical thesis of Tehran University of Medical Science to Persian Medical Thesaurus and Medical Subject Headings
Leila Bahadori Nahid BanieghbalObjective: This study aims to access adaption of the Persian and English descriptors and Persian and English keywords used in thesis of Tehran university of medical science with the Persian medical thesaurus and medical subject heading (MESH). Methodology: this r MoreObjective: This study aims to access adaption of the Persian and English descriptors and Persian and English keywords used in thesis of Tehran university of medical science with the Persian medical thesaurus and medical subject heading (MESH). Methodology: this research is a comparative bibliometric survey research .Research community includes of 3433 descriptors used for 302 thesis of Tehran university of medical science from 1385 until 1389. Data is collected by control list and analyzed by SPSS software with chi-square test and p values with significant more than 0.05. Findings: The findings show that adaption in Persian descriptors: 50.1% full match ,4.3% partial match ,32.7% bad match,12.9% not exist in thesaurus. In English descriptors: 99.7% full match, .07% partial match, 0.07% bad match,0 .14% not exist in thesaurus. In Persian keywords: 18.0% full match ,1.9% partial match ,35.7% bad match,44.4% not exist in thesaurus. In English 26.8% full match ,15.4% partial match ,28.8% bad match,29.1% not exist in thesaurus. Conclusion: Adaption in English descriptors is rather than of Persian descriptors but adaption in English and Persian keywords is in low level. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
196 - A survey on Information Literacy of the bachelor senior students in Arak University of science and technology in digital environment (during 2008- 2009)
elham miri Mozaffar Cheshmeh SohrabiPurpose: This research aims to determine the level of information literacy of the B.S. senior students of the Iran Science and Technology University- Arak Branch. Methodology:The research method is analytical survery.The data is gatherered by an organized quastionnare, MorePurpose: This research aims to determine the level of information literacy of the B.S. senior students of the Iran Science and Technology University- Arak Branch. Methodology:The research method is analytical survery.The data is gatherered by an organized quastionnare,The statistical population include 213 senoir students of B.S. among whom 83% are answered the questionnaires.The basic information for the questions were extracted from Standard of US.Educational and Research Libraries Society, Standard for New York Libraries Society,Standard of International Educational Technology Society and the criteria of US.Educational Test Center.The data analysis is done by SPSS using descriptive and inferential statistics such as: frequency,independent t and variance analysis. Findings: The results show that the majority of the research population are lower than average level in distinction of need to information, but in access skills, evaluation and using of information as well as orientation with juridical issues of information , skills of background literacy information and understanding of information importanceare higher than the average level.Also the most effective factor in information literacy of students is declared unofficial learning via university professors and friends. Conclusion:As a rsult, information literacy of the students after statistical analysis is higher than the average level with the average number 2.36.The first hypotheses regarding the low information literacy of the students then is not confirmed, but the other hypotheses regarding the equality of information literacy of the different courses- day and night courses- and the gender equality– male and female -is confirmed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
197 - A Comparative Study of Public Libraries of Kurdestan Province with IFLA Standards
Safura Mirkay Ali Akbar Famil Rohani Famil Rohani Mozafar Cheshme SohrabiPurpose: It is a comparative investigation of Kurdistan public libraries with IFLA standards. The findings of this paper can assist library officials and managers to identify information and knowledge demands of public library users. It can also provide resources throug MorePurpose: It is a comparative investigation of Kurdistan public libraries with IFLA standards. The findings of this paper can assist library officials and managers to identify information and knowledge demands of public library users. It can also provide resources through identification of public libraries' weak points and shortages that can help libraries' management for future planning. Methodology: A descriptive approach was considered and all the data were collected through questionnaires, observation and telephone interview with library officials. Findings: Results derived from data analysis in this paper indicated failure in different aspects of public libraries of Kurdistan cities such as physical space and building, library complexes and the number of visitors. Public libraries of Kurdistan cities are below the level of IFLA standards in terms of specialized man power. As mentioned earlier, general results of this research showed that public libraries in Kurdistan are below the level of IFLA standards. For that reason we have provided some proposals for improvements of these libraries. Conclusion: Development and promotion of knowledge and mental aptitude of society is the core objective of public libraries as social and cultural institutions. To gain this objectives development of libraries and free of charge services are of high importance. For this cause not only quantitative development is required but qualitative improvement criteria must be considered. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
198 - Studying the status of pre-university centers’ libraries in Arak compared to School Library Standards
samira moravveji ahmad shabani somaye hoseiniPurpose This research aims to study the status of pre-university centers’ libraries in Arak in terms of mission and policy, budget, space and equipment, library collection, staff, services and activities, promotion of library services and learning in comparison wi MorePurpose This research aims to study the status of pre-university centers’ libraries in Arak in terms of mission and policy, budget, space and equipment, library collection, staff, services and activities, promotion of library services and learning in comparison with the School Library Standards. Methodology: The method used is descriptive survey and for collecting the data the questionnaire was used. It was sent to all 34 pre-university centers and 30 copies were returned. For analyzing the data, SPSS software was utilized. Findings: The findings showed that totally, pre-university centers’ libraries in Arak have observed the School Library Standards in mission and policy 67.66%, budget 66.68%, space and equipment 88.33%, library collection 50%, staff 91.11%, services and activities 59.99%, promotion of library services and learning 70%. Conclusion: Emphasizing that status quo of the libraries can be better than current condition, some suggestions for improving the status of these libraries were presented. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
199 - A comparison of the status of Payame noor University libraries in the center of provinces with “standards for University Libraries “due to conformability.
Mousa Majidi Asghar Mousaei Objective: The purpose of this research is to investigate and compare the status of Payame noor university libraries in the center of provinces on the basis of the “Standards for University Libraries” Methodology: This study was conducted throug More Objective: The purpose of this research is to investigate and compare the status of Payame noor university libraries in the center of provinces on the basis of the “Standards for University Libraries” Methodology: This study was conducted through analytical survey method and data were collected through questionnaire. The society of the study was limited to all the libraries of Payame Noor university in the center of provinces. SPSS and Excel Software were utilized for investigation and analysis. Research findings: The results of the data analysis indicate that all Studied libraries are not following standards the libraries studied showed the standards of objectives and functions (%59/83), organization and management (%62/33), staff (%59/33), lib collection (%55/83), organization of resources (%75), library services (%49.52) ,building and equipment (%38/32), and budget (%5.35) on average. The average of the whole correspondence between the libraries studied and the standards is (%54/45) qualitatively. but quantitatively , There exists an enormous difference in human resources (%5/72),and lib collection (%13/13) in comparison with the standards. Considering the standard of required library space, the libraries studied are in unfavorable totally, Results: Conclusion from the eight standards investigated, the standard of organization of resources with (%75) has the highest Conformability to the standards and the quantitative standard of human resources with (%5/72)has the least or lowest Conformability to the standards for Iranian University libraries. Research findings, research hypothesis, "payame noor university libraries of the center of the provinces with standards for Iranian university libraries do not match " Conformability . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
200 - A survey on the amount of the usage of the ISO214 in the Persian abstracts of the library and information sciences post graduate dissertations in Islamic Azad university-Tehran North branch and Science & Research branch during 2001 to 2007
Mehrdokht Vazirpour Keshmiri Maryam SedehiPurpose: This research aims to compare the Dissertation abstracts of MLIS students in Islamic Azad university-Tehran North branch and Science and research branch with the ISO214 abstracting standard during the years 2001 to 2007. Methodology: The methodology of t MorePurpose: This research aims to compare the Dissertation abstracts of MLIS students in Islamic Azad university-Tehran North branch and Science and research branch with the ISO214 abstracting standard during the years 2001 to 2007. Methodology: The methodology of the study was documentation-content analysis and applied method. For data collection, the Iso214 checklist was used . The sample population which is 156 out of 262 available dissertations is selected according to probability sampling in a classified systematic method. The collected information was analysed Based on descriptive and inferential statistics (T and F distribution test and chi-square test) by spss statistical software. Findings: findings showed that controling the standard abstracts writing in dissertations of both universities had an acceptable condition, in recent years, applying the standards of abstract writing is increased, the indicated rate of 14.8 %during the years, 2005 and 2006 also the rate of 53.9 %during 2007 is a good condition. The abstracts belonging to both genders are almost in the same condition from standard point of view. In terms of subject categories , most of the dissertations belong to the field of information technology and information communication with 20.5%. The highest level of meeting the Iso 214 standard was for "location of the abstract" and "use of third person pronoun" with 100 % and the least standard meeting were "keywords taken from the abstract contents" with 17.9%. Coclusions: Analyzing data of the research indicated that there was no meaningful differences between the two groups (t distribution=-./27) and two genders of writers (t distribution= -./44) according to Iso214. There was a meaningful differences between the abstract evaluation with iso214 and different years. There is also a meaningful co-relation between the level of abstract evaluations and the professor ranks according to the Iso standard (chi-square=6/12 Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
201 - Evaluating the Islamic books’ back-of-the-book indexes in Islamic Azad University, Roudehen Branch according to the compliance with ISO 999 Standard
fatemeh nooshinfard abdalkhalegh GhochaghiPurpose: This research aims at evaluating the Islamic books’ back-of-the-book indexes in Islamic Azad University, Roudehen Branch according to the compliance with ISO 999 Standard. Methodology: Descriptive survey was the research method used in this study and res MorePurpose: This research aims at evaluating the Islamic books’ back-of-the-book indexes in Islamic Azad University, Roudehen Branch according to the compliance with ISO 999 Standard. Methodology: Descriptive survey was the research method used in this study and research population consists of all the Islamic books (BP Class in National Bibliography) available in the libraries of Islamic Azad University, Roudehen Branch. Findings: Research findings showed that among total 2650 books, 223 titles have had back-of-the-book index. It was found that Islamic books have had the most compliance (97.8%) with “pagination of back-of-the-book index”, one criterion of ISO 999 Standard. Least compliance (8.1%) was relating to presenting “the introductory note”. The overall compliance with ISO 999 Standard was 43.9%. Conclusions: In terms of back-of-the-book indexes, Islamic books are in a weak state. To improve this, importance of back-of-the-book indexes should be highlighted for authors, translators, and publishers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
202 - Replacement of International Accounting Standards with Iranian Accounting Standards: The Auditor’s Opinion to Stop Providing False Financial Statements
Roya Darabi Seyyed Mohammad Ali MirmasoumAccounting standards are rules governing how to do the accounting work. Accounting standards specify what information should be provided in financial reporting. The main objective of this study was to investigate the replacement of the Iranian accounting standards and i MoreAccounting standards are rules governing how to do the accounting work. Accounting standards specify what information should be provided in financial reporting. The main objective of this study was to investigate the replacement of the Iranian accounting standards and international accounting standards instead of surveys of auditors to avoid providing false financial statements. The population of this research include institutions that are members of the Accountants Community formed in 1394 to gather necessary information. To collect the theoretical foundation and statistical information of the research, library studies and questionnaires were used, respectively. Cronbach’s alpha coefficients was used for validity and reliability. Furthermore, benefits have been taken from Friedman test and software SPSS21 to analyze the data. It was concluded that in terms of the auditors’ judgments, compared to international accounting standard, Iranian accounting standards have more degree of reliability, intelligibility, appropriate functionality and will prevent rendering of false financial statements Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
203 - تحلیل استعاره در شاهنامه: دیدگاه های زیبایی شناختی، تصویری، بلاغی و زبان شناختی
Roghayeh Karimzadeh Naghshineh Lucie Ghazaryanفردوسی، شاعر ایرانی اهل توس، با استفاده از ابزار تصویر، شرایط، لحظه ها، رفتارها، زیبایی های جسمانی و جنبه های مختلف طبیعت و زندگی را آن گونه که هست به تصویر می کشد. ته رنگ حماسی در بیشتر این تصاویر قابل تشخیص است. بر این اساس، هدف این مقاله بررسی انواع استعاره در شاهنام Moreفردوسی، شاعر ایرانی اهل توس، با استفاده از ابزار تصویر، شرایط، لحظه ها، رفتارها، زیبایی های جسمانی و جنبه های مختلف طبیعت و زندگی را آن گونه که هست به تصویر می کشد. ته رنگ حماسی در بیشتر این تصاویر قابل تشخیص است. بر این اساس، هدف این مقاله بررسی انواع استعاره در شاهنامه فردوسی است. واژه ها و عبارات خاصی مانند ماه، سرو، نرگس، گل، شیر، پلنگ، غبارآلود کردن چیزی، دو نیم کردن قلب و جوش در معانی استعاری آنها به کرات به کار می رود. پس از جایگاه آنها در شاهنامه، دیگران کمتر مورد استفاده قرار می گیرند، به عنوان مثال، گورخر درنده، دیو غول پیکر، فندق، خرمای سرخ، مرجان های گرانبها، و بدهی به خرد. این مقاله به تبیین معانی این واژه ها و اصطلاحات و نوع استعاره در هر مورد می پردازد تا شاهنامه را از دیدگاه های مختلف از جمله زیبایی شناسی، تصویرسازی، فصاحت و زبان شناسی بیشتر روشن کند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
204 - Measuring irrational beliefs about marital relationships:standardization of relationship believes questionnaire(RBQ)
Manochehr Azkhosh Ali AsgariThis study aimed to standardize the Relationship Beliefs Questionnaire (RBQ; Romance & DeBord, 1995) and to investigate irrational beliefs about marital relationships in an Iranian population. Data provided by 535 married Iranian participants (244 males and 291 fema MoreThis study aimed to standardize the Relationship Beliefs Questionnaire (RBQ; Romance & DeBord, 1995) and to investigate irrational beliefs about marital relationships in an Iranian population. Data provided by 535 married Iranian participants (244 males and 291 females), completing the RBQ, resulted in omitting 13 items due to low item total correlation and factor loadings. Cronbach's alpha for the remaining 58 items scale and test-retest reliability were 0.95 and 0.93 respectively. The result of explanatory factor analysis using oblique rotation method showed that the scale included seven factors, including expectations to: a) be perfect in a marital relationship, b) be interdependent, c) have monogamous relations, d) be devoted, e) be rational and open to each other, f) read each other’s mind, and g) be aware of each others past thoughts, feelings and needs. The extracted factors confirmed by confirmatory factor analysis. A positive correlation (r = 0.32, P < 0.01) between RBQ and the Irrational Beliefs Test (Jones, 1968) supported the convergent validity. No university educated participants showed more irrational beliefs than did more educated participants. There were no gender or age differences in irrational beliefs about marital relationships. The length of marriage and number of children also were not correlated to such irrational beliefs. The standardized scores of RBQ measures are presented. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
205 - The relationship between marital adjustment and relationship standards
Hoda Barazandeh Ali Sahebi Amir Aminyazdi Behrooz MahramThis research studied the relationship between marital adjustment and relationship standards (i.e., beliefs about how the relationship between two spouses should Mashad district completed Baucom and Epstein’s Inve MoreThis research studied the relationship between marital adjustment and relationship standards (i.e., beliefs about how the relationship between two spouses should Mashad district completed Baucom and Epstein’s Inventory of Specific Relationship Standards (ISRS) and the Spanier’s Dyadic Adjustment Scale (DAS). The correlation between the relationship-focused standards in the three major dimensions of marital functioning (boundaries, power, and investment), and marital adjustment was significant. Also, satisfaction from meeting relationship standards was significantly related to marital adjustment. The results suggested no significant correlation between emotional responses to unmet standards and marital adjustment. The relationship standards pre- sults of the stepwise regression technique showed that the expressive investment was the only standard that significantly variance of marital adjustment. Differences between spouse’s standards also were related to marital adjustment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
206 - Construction and Standardization of a School Maladjustment Scale for High School Students
Mahsa Amirbagloie Daryani Hamzeh Ganji Hassan Pasha SharifiIn order to construct and standardize a School Maladjustment Scale, 405 students (261 girls, 144 boys) were selected from junior high schools of City of Tehran by cluster sampling method. The participants completed the School Maladjustment Scale. Examining the item-tota MoreIn order to construct and standardize a School Maladjustment Scale, 405 students (261 girls, 144 boys) were selected from junior high schools of City of Tehran by cluster sampling method. The participants completed the School Maladjustment Scale. Examining the item-total correlation led to elimination of 23 items. The results of principle components analysis and varimax rotation indicated that 24 items had factor loading less than 0.3, so these items were eliminated. The Cronbach's Alpha reliability coefficient for 88 item scale was 0.979. The results of factor analysis led to extraction of six factors: 1) academic indifference and lack of attention, 2) inappropriate behaviors toward teachers and classmates, 3) destructive and indiscipline behaviors, 4) bullying and antisocial behaviors, 5) deception and violation of rules, and 6) withdrawal and victimization by bullies, which explained 57.80 percent of the total variance. The concurrent validity of the scale using comparison to the Student Adjustment Inventory (Sinha & Singh, 1993) was 0.405. The results of confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the 6-factor model was supported by more than seven fit indices. All of the six components yielded high reliability coefficient Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
207 - Evaluation of hydrodynamic Forces Effect on Seabed Pipeline in the Pars Special Economic Energy Zone (Asaluyeh)
K. Lari A. javid M. R. bagheri chimeh Underwater pipelines are exposed to hydrodynamic and hydrostatic parameters of the environmental conditions, in the region. In this study, in order to investigate the stability of the underwater pipelines, taking into account the waves and currents induced force More Underwater pipelines are exposed to hydrodynamic and hydrostatic parameters of the environmental conditions, in the region. In this study, in order to investigate the stability of the underwater pipelines, taking into account the waves and currents induced forces, a stability analysis is performed. There are few standards for designing and analysis of underwater pipelines. The two standards, DNV-RP-C205 and DNV-RP-E305 were used. The study area was the coastal zone of Asaluyeh Port and data used included Asaluyeh wave data, from 2007 to 2008, which were collected by a floating buoy. On the other hand, data on currents were based on Ports and Maritime Organization information. Hydrodynamic coefficients such as Reynolds number, Kvlgan Carpenter and hydrodynamic forces induced on the pipeline in different conditions were calculated. The results showed that in current conditions, designing pipes larger than 0.7m in diameter is not suitable. However, the most suitable designs are pipes with 0.4m in diameter. The minimum weight of pipes with 0.7m diameter, in significant wave height condition under the water, was calculated to be 1365 kg/m. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
208 - Standard parallel futures contract analysis In the legal system of Iran and the jurisprudential system of Shiite countries
mostafa Yousefzadeh Gandvani javad niknegad behnam ghanbarporBackground and Aim: Salaf contracts have been widely used as one of the effective financing tools since ancient times, but in the face of changes and economic development and capital market developments, they need to be reviewed, modernized and applied in line with tech MoreBackground and Aim: Salaf contracts have been widely used as one of the effective financing tools since ancient times, but in the face of changes and economic development and capital market developments, they need to be reviewed, modernized and applied in line with technology growth and development tools. It has been financial. This article examines, analyzes, and applies different perspectives on various aspects of the nature and effects of standard parallel predecessor contracts in the Iranian legal system and the jurisprudential system of Shiite countries. Entered into this type of contract has also been discussed and analyzed.Method: The present article has been done by descriptive and analytical methods.Findings and Results: In order to solve the problems of the absence of secondary markets for futures contracts in the stock market by combining futures contracts and remittance contracts, a new financial instrument called standard parallel futures has been invented. This has been introduced as a new and effective financial instrument in the financial markets, having the advantages and advantages of futures contracts that can be traded in the secondary markets of stock exchanges and securities. Since the nature of this type of contract as an agreement to buy or sell a certain asset at a certain time in the future and at a specific price, which in many cases leads to physical delivery of goods, is favored by Muslims and even abroad and across borders. Internationally, it is welcomed by the legislators of the world. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
209 - Requirements Resulting from the Recommendations of the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision Regarding Cryptocurrencies
bahar babaei sadegh salimi سوده شاملوCrypto assets are one of the new phenomena of the present age, which, considering its history of less than a decade, has found a significant place in financial exchanges. This phenomenon, like all human evolutions, has positive and negative features, which only paying a MoreCrypto assets are one of the new phenomena of the present age, which, considering its history of less than a decade, has found a significant place in financial exchanges. This phenomenon, like all human evolutions, has positive and negative features, which only paying attention to its functional appeal and neglecting some destructive features can cause irreparable damage. Considering the fact that the entry of banks into this field is inevitable, the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision has taken steps to introduce precautionary recommendations and supervisory measures in order to protect the banking system and global financial stability. In response to the question of what requirements the Basel Committee has imposed on states in relation to crypto assets, this paper has undertaken to review the actions and documents of the committee in a descriptive-analytical way. What emerges from the analysis of the committee's documents is that the committee has clarified the precautionary standards for a certain group of crypto assets that have stable processes based on links with traditional assets, and the rest of the crypto assets have been left out of the scope of attention. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
210 - Analysis of International Labour Rules and Standards in the Fishing Sector with an Emphasis on the Rights of Workers Working in the Fishing Sector
Mahla Fathi Farhad TalaieField and Aims: One of the occupations that the International Labor Organization (ILO) has deal with, due to its importance and frequency, is fishing. Many countries have not yet particularly addressed the dimensions of this issue; such as the difficulty of working in t MoreField and Aims: One of the occupations that the International Labor Organization (ILO) has deal with, due to its importance and frequency, is fishing. Many countries have not yet particularly addressed the dimensions of this issue; such as the difficulty of working in this profession, low wages and various dangers that always threaten fishermen; and this has caused fishermen to experience a lot of discrimination compared to other jobs.Method: In this research, descriptive-analytical method has been used and librarymethod has been utilised as the method of collecting information.Finding and Conclusion: The International Labor Organization, as a leading organization for the protection of workers' rights, has codified and developed several laws to protect the rights of fishermen. The Convention (No. 188) and The Recommendation (No. 199) are among the most important documents of the International Labor Organization in the field of work in the fishing sector. The main purpose of these documents is to provide conditions so that fishermen can benefit from job security along with other workers and have the possibility of concluding fair work contracts, considering the difficulty of working at sea. Convention 188 provides a set of minimum requirements and standards. However, many countries are unable to fulfill these minimum requirements and standards. Providing technical and financial assistance is one of the main ways to help such countries. But it should always be kept in mind that the most important step to improve the rights of fishermen is to increase their awareness about their rights. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
211 - Dispute Resolution Mechanism in Construction Contracts of the International Union of Engineers
Milad Moradian Zazerani Ali Rostamifar Hamid GhasemiField and Aims: Dispute resolution in fiduciary contracts are often found in large construction projects to help the parties resolve or avoid their disputes and, ideally, prevent them from turning into international construction arbitration. The special feature of inter MoreField and Aims: Dispute resolution in fiduciary contracts are often found in large construction projects to help the parties resolve or avoid their disputes and, ideally, prevent them from turning into international construction arbitration. The special feature of international construction contracts justifies the need to develop standard methods and international dispute resolution procedures. Therefore, the evolution of dispute resolution mechanisms in international construction projects and the protection of the economic interests of the parties are among the most important concerns of both sides of the construction contract, which is foreseen by the International Union of Consulting Engineers in the sample contracts. The goal is how Fidic has been able to manage it by adopting multi-layered methods to prevent disputes or in the event of disputes.Method: In this research, the descriptive-analytical method was used and the library method was chosen as the method of collecting information and materials.Finding and Conclusion: The findings of the research show that Fidic has tried to be an effective mechanism for quick dispute resolution by providing multi-layer models in sample contracts in terms of the agreement of the parties in choosing one of the dispute resolution methods; But this procedure will be valid only if the parties act in good faith and are willing to implement the decisions made voluntarily. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
212 - Presenting a model to improve tax compliance based on foundation data
mahdi khadri Habib Piri Reza sotudehIn terms of the basic practical purpose, in terms of nature, survey research and in terms of paradigm, combined-exploratory research, sampling in the qualitative part of the research was done in a purposeful way and in the quantitative part in a stratified random manner MoreIn terms of the basic practical purpose, in terms of nature, survey research and in terms of paradigm, combined-exploratory research, sampling in the qualitative part of the research was done in a purposeful way and in the quantitative part in a stratified random manner. . In the qualitative phase, the interviews with 15 people, academic and tax experts who have at least a master's degree or have been working in the tax field for 15 years, continued until theoretical saturation was reached, and the samples of the quantitative part were based on Cochran's formula was chosen. The research tool in the qualitative part was a semi-structured exploratory interview, and in the quantitative part, a researcher-made questionnaire was used to evaluate the improvement of tax compliance, which was designed based on the codes obtained in the qualitative stage. In the qualitative part, the interviews were analyzed using the foundation's data analysis method. The validity and reliability of the components were examined and the Cronbach's alpha of all the above components was 0.7 and during that; The most important components of improving tax compliance were measured. In the quantitative part, the accuracy of the research model was confirmed through the method of structural equations using Amos software, and it was found that the selection of concepts, dimensions and indicators was of high accuracy and could provide a suitable framework for the preparation of the document. provide the prospect of improving tax compliance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
213 - Compliance risk assessment by modeling the documents of the International Organization for Standardization and the guidelines of the Tradeway Commission (Case study of one of the operating banks)
donya hajishahverdi Gholam Reza ZomorodianCompliance can be defined as the compatibility of performance with the tasks of compliance with the activity supervisor and the risk of compliance as a possibility of non-fulfillment of these tasks. The occurrence of this risk can lead to the imposition of various crime MoreCompliance can be defined as the compatibility of performance with the tasks of compliance with the activity supervisor and the risk of compliance as a possibility of non-fulfillment of these tasks. The occurrence of this risk can lead to the imposition of various crimes, legal and regulatory penalties, financial losses or damage to the good reputation of organizations and, consequently, attract the attention of competent institutions. In the present study, the risks of observing one of the operating banks of the country were identified by modeling the documents of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and the guidelines of the Trade waynCommission and using structured interviews, surveys, checklists and obtaining expert opinions. Then, according to the experts and using the business impact analysis method, the importance (impact) of the factors and the probability of occurrence of each factor were determined and the relevant risk matrix was drawn and items with significant importance on risk management were identified in four areas. Finally, solutions were proposed to deal with the identified risks. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
214 - Readability level of International Financial Reporting Standards and Business
parinaz koozehgar zahra pourzamani Mahdi MadanchiIncreasing the readability of International Financial Reporting Standards texts allows audiences to have a better and more accurate understanding of the standard and this in turn will be able to enhance the quality of information provided by companies. Measuring readabi MoreIncreasing the readability of International Financial Reporting Standards texts allows audiences to have a better and more accurate understanding of the standard and this in turn will be able to enhance the quality of information provided by companies. Measuring readability of texts is one of the tools used to measure the degree of complexity or difficulty of a text. Considering the importance of readability of International Financial Reporting Standards for using these standards to prepare financial reports of companies in the business environment, in the present study, we examined the readability level of International Financial Reporting Standards using the Flash Readability Index. The results of studies using flash readability index showed that standard number eight (operational parts) is at the simplest level and standard number thirteen (fair value measurement) has a higher level of difficulty than other standards under consideration. These results show that the vast majority of international financial reporting standards are at a difficult level and only two standards are at a somewhat difficult level. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
215 - The Relationship between Tobin's Q Ratio and Market Value Added with Performance of Investment Companies Considering M2 and Appraisal Ratio Indexes
Mohammad Reza Khataee Mohammad Taghi Ziaei BigdeliIn this research performance of active investment companies in Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE) examined according to M2 Measure and Appraisal Ratio (AR) and their ranking relationship were compared. For this purpose, after gathering data to13 investment companies during 200 MoreIn this research performance of active investment companies in Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE) examined according to M2 Measure and Appraisal Ratio (AR) and their ranking relationship were compared. For this purpose, after gathering data to13 investment companies during 2006-2011, finally six investment companies which have more than 60% stock portfolio ed. Moreover, the impact of two indexes, Tobin's Q ratio and Market Value Added (MVA), was measured based on the obtained ranks. Statistical nonparametric and regression tests were used for testing the research hypotheses. The results of this research indicated that there was significant relationship among ranking of investment companies based on M2 Measure and Appraisal Ratio. Furthermore, there was significant relationship between Tobin's Q ratio and MVA with the performance of investment companies based on mentioned criteria, so that explanatory power of changes in portfolio performance based on Market Value Added is higher than Tobin's Q Ratio. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
216 - Challenges of Applying the Requirements of Accounting Standard of Employee Retirement Benefits (NO.33)
محمدرضا عالمی ولی خدادادی سید علی واعظ علی حسین حسین زادهDespite the importance of identifying retirement benefit obligations and the challenges associated with them, the application of the requirements of this standard has not yet been thoroughly investigated. The purpose of this study is assessing the Challenges of applying MoreDespite the importance of identifying retirement benefit obligations and the challenges associated with them, the application of the requirements of this standard has not yet been thoroughly investigated. The purpose of this study is assessing the Challenges of applying the requirements of accounting Standard of Iranian accounting Standard of employee retirement benefits (NO.33). using mixed method of qualitative and quantitative approaches. Thus, in the first phase, In order to evaluate the level of compliance with requirements of accounting Standard by companies, financial statement information and auditor report were analyzed using the statistical method of binomial tset. In the second phase, in order to assessing the Challenges of applying the requirements of accounting Standard, questionnaires and interviews were used to obtain expert opinions.The results of the first phase of the study ndicate that the requirements of the standard have not been operational. In addition, the results of the second phase of the study ndicate that all the requirements are understandable and lead to proper representation of information and all requirements except for the requirements of Actuarial calculations are efficient. Also in all aspects examined, the requirements of standard NO.33 are not enough. As for the operational requirements of the standard results of the survey, indicate that some of the requirements have challenged the implementation of Standard 33. Such as calculating the benefits of retirement based on actuarial, Due to the lack of actuarial standards and lack of knowledge in the field of actuarial, also Calculations of the fair value of assets, Due to the Lack of markets for some assets. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
217 - Internationalization with a Networking Approach Is an Efficient Approach in the Development of Food Industry Businesses
mohamadreza parvazimoghadam davood samariAbstract The present research was conducted with the aim of designing an internationalization model based on the networking approach in the food industry using a qualitative method of the grounded theory type. The data of this research was derived from in-depth and sem MoreAbstract The present research was conducted with the aim of designing an internationalization model based on the networking approach in the food industry using a qualitative method of the grounded theory type. The data of this research was derived from in-depth and semi-structured interviews with 15 managers and experts of the food industry, which was based on targeted sampling depending on the selection criteria and continued until the theoretical saturation of this process was reached. The validity of the research data was checked and confirmed by going back to the participants and external auditors. Data analysis was done based on the Strauss and Corbin model in the form of open, axial, and selective coding in the Atlas TA 8 software. The results showed causal conditions (international development, production economy limitations and opportunities and challenges of change in the food industry), contextual conditions (content and structural capabilities and legal and scientific considerations), intervening conditions (political economy, environmental interventions and business development challenges) strategic conditions. (global development strategies, network creativity strategy, development of network resources and development of new products) consequences (improvement of brand social capital, development of international market and development of capabilities of food industry). It was also found that the application of international financial reporting standards improves the process of identifying and measuring transactions, assets and liabilities, increases the quality of presentation and disclosure of financial statement components, and the overall quality of financial reporting. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
218 - Designing a Model for the Implementation of International Financial Reporting Standards No. (17(
مهدی اسکافی اصل فرزانه حیدر پورAbstractWidespread adoption of international financial reporting standards in the insurance industry is one of the most important developments in the history of accounting. The main purpose of this study is to identify the general and specific challenges facing the insu MoreAbstractWidespread adoption of international financial reporting standards in the insurance industry is one of the most important developments in the history of accounting. The main purpose of this study is to identify the general and specific challenges facing the insurance industry in the implementation of International Financial Reporting Standard No. 17 and to provide an appropriate model for the implementation of International Financial Reporting Standard No. 17. The data were collected based on interviews with insurance industry experts at various levels. Therefore, this research is grounded in terms of applied purpose, qualitative in terms of nature and grounded in terms of strategy. The statistical population of the study is experts in the insurance industry who have sufficient experience in the field of financial reporting. The statistical sample is based on purposive sampling method. The results show that categories such as competitive / monopoly market; Central insurance policies; Price elasticity in the insurance industry; Adaptation of current laws to market needs; Pioneering the rules; Supervision of the insurance industry; Sanctions; international relations; Models and defaults and input settings; Investment policy in the insurance industry; Quality, etc., play an important role in the implementation of International Financial Reporting Standards No. (17) in the insurance industry. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
219 - Fixed Capacitor Magnetically Controlled Reactor Reliability Modelling Considering Environmental Conditions
Morteza Haghshenas Rahmat-Allah HooshmandThe fixed capacitor-magnetically controlled reactor (FC-MCR) is a type of static var compensator (SVC) that can greatly contribute to the availability and stability of power systems. This paper proposes a comprehensive reliability model for the FC-MCR using the Markov p MoreThe fixed capacitor-magnetically controlled reactor (FC-MCR) is a type of static var compensator (SVC) that can greatly contribute to the availability and stability of power systems. This paper proposes a comprehensive reliability model for the FC-MCR using the Markov process approach. The modeling process adheres to actual operational principles and divides the MCR structure into two sections: electro-magnetic section and core magnetization section. Subsequently, the Markov models proposed for these sections are integrated with the Markov model of the fixed capacitor bank to derive the FC-MCR reliability model. Recognizing the impact of environmental conditions on electrical equipment failure rates, the proposed reliability model takes into account temperature variations and assesses their influence on the probabilities of the FC-MCR operating state. By examining the simulation results and conducting sensitivity analysis, it was found that the availability of the FC-MCR is influenced by various components and environmental conditions, which necessitates different reliability enhancement measures. Moreover, a comparison between the reliability indices of the FC-MCR and its counterpart (FC-TCR) in diverse environmental conditions revealed that the FC-MCR is less affected by temperature variations compared to the FC-TCR. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
220 - Evaluation the effect of stochastic fluctuations on operational risk of hedging European options: Application of Markov Switching and Black Scholes Standard
Mahmoud Zarrini seyed parviz jalili kamju Razyeh GoodarziOperational risk is not general definition and it has a unique definition for each company, which depends on the industry and the market of the company. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the effect of stochastic fluctuations on operational risk hedging Europea MoreOperational risk is not general definition and it has a unique definition for each company, which depends on the industry and the market of the company. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the effect of stochastic fluctuations on operational risk hedging European options on the S & P500 index. So this research will compare the operational risk level in the Markov Switching and Black Scholes models using the Var. The implicit volatility values for the three confidence levels of 90, 95 and 99% for different values of call options K, different maturity T, and different interest rate r were calculated for both models using S & P500 index call options information. The results of this study showed that due to higher gamma and random variation of operational risk, the coverage of transaction options in the Markov Switching Model compared to the Black Scholes Standard model was higher by using the criterion of value-at-risk op Var's coverage is at 90, 95, and 99 levels. The results show that OP VaR is inversely proportional to , It also reduced doubling of the OP Variant's maturity over the agreed price. Finally, the results show that the interest rate has an asymmetric effect on OP VaR. As is clear from the figure, for K <S, the OP VaR has been lowered by rising interest rates, and for K> S interest rates have reduced OP VaR . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
221 - Developing Performance Standards for Faculty Members based on Grounded Theory: Presenting a Model
Masoumeh Mirzakhani ََAmir Hossein Mahmoodi Maryam MoslehThe process of evaluating the performance of faculty members leads to the creation of a system of standards, objective expectations from them, and the transparency of the evaluation system. This applied study was conducted with a mixed approach using a qualitative and q MoreThe process of evaluating the performance of faculty members leads to the creation of a system of standards, objective expectations from them, and the transparency of the evaluation system. This applied study was conducted with a mixed approach using a qualitative and quantitative approach with exploratory design. To collect the data needed to design a questionnaire from semi-structured interviews with 15 department heads were used. In the quantitative section, 30 faculty members participated. Sampling was done randomly and the tool is a researcher-made questionnaire.After analyzing the interviews and theoretical definitions, a paradigm model was designed. It addresses expectations in performance management, expectations that are met by competencies in terms of job profiles, ISO human resource management standards, and competency models, while intervening conditions such as micro and macro guidelines and policies can affect the indicators. Then the categories extracted from open, axial and selective codes and their sub-components and research strategies and the consequences of implementing this model in performance were formed. Then three main components and twelve indicators were identified. Ranking of indicators respectively concluded: in dimension of providing consulting services: components of competency foreign relations intercultural, creativity, innovation and technology, in dimension of research: communicative competency, modern technology, innovation, creativity and entrepreneurship and cognitive competency and in dimension of education: teaching quality, spiritual competency, psychological and managerial competencies were ranked. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
222 - *-frames in Hilbert modules over pro-C*-algebras
M. Naroei Irani A. Nazari -
Open Access Article
223 - The Numerical Solution of Klein-Gorden Equation by Using Nonstandard Finite Difference
Hoda Shekarabi Jalil Rashidinia -
Open Access Article
224 - Presenting an entrepreneurship curriculum model to promote and acquire students' entrepreneurial skills (Research sample: Secondary secondary schools in Alborz province)
Efat Aslani Reza Vala Fatah NazemThe purpose of this study is to present an entrepreneurship curriculum model to promote and acquire entrepreneurial skills of students (case study of secondary schools in Alborz province). The present study was applied in terms of purpose and mixed (qualitative-quantita MoreThe purpose of this study is to present an entrepreneurship curriculum model to promote and acquire entrepreneurial skills of students (case study of secondary schools in Alborz province). The present study was applied in terms of purpose and mixed (qualitative-quantitative) in terms of method. The population in the qualitative section, included experts in the field of entrepreneurship in Alborz province in the academic year 2016-2017 out of whom 14 people were selected via purposive sampling. The population of the quantitative section also included all secondary school teachers in the planning and entrepreneurship course of Alborz province in the same academic year (n= 266). Based on Morgan and Georgian’s table 154 people were selected by simple random sampling. The research tool was semi-structured interviews in the qualitative part and a researcher-made questionnaire based on the findings of the qualitative part in the quantitative part. MAXQDA18 was used to analyze the qualitative data and structural equation modeling with Smart Pls3 was used in the quantitative part. The results showed that there are 56 sub-themes and 5 main themes for the entrepreneurship curriculum. The results of exploratory factor analysis also showed that the first factor, ie creation of entrepreneurial knowledge explains 6.54 of the total variance, the second factor (entrepreneurial attitude) 7.65%, the third factor (entrepreneurial skills) 12.76% and the fourth factor (entrepreneurial ability) 14.65% explained the total variance of entrepreneurship. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
225 - Improving Growth and Performance of Young Almond Trees in Nursery by Optimizing Mineral Nutrition
Masoud Shafiei Hossein Ali Asadi-Gharneh Soheil Karimi -
Open Access Article
226 - Investigation and Identification of Types and Amounts of Heavy Metals in Soil of an Industrial Area
Majid Mohammadhosseini Hooman Bahmanpour Saeedeh Lotfi -
Open Access Article
227 - Herbal Research: Gaps Affecting the Quality and Validity of Research Findings
Arezou Rezaei Atefe Amirahmadi Vahid PoozeshTraditional and herbal medicines are rich and promising sources for drug development. The number of articles published on traditional medicines and their applications is rapidly increasing. However, despite the extensive ongoing research on herbal medicines, the results MoreTraditional and herbal medicines are rich and promising sources for drug development. The number of articles published on traditional medicines and their applications is rapidly increasing. However, despite the extensive ongoing research on herbal medicines, the results of such research are not remarkable. Against this background, this study aims to highlight some existing research gaps, the bridging of which will increase the quality and validity of the results of herbal research. To this end, Iranian and non-Iranian articles on Allium sativum L. were reviewed for compliance with standards and requirements for herbal research. Botanical nomenclature, processing and extraction procedures, and history of traditional medicine were identified as the main gaps in the reviewed herbal research. Researchers and authors should keep in mind that familiarity with the history, characteristics, and potential of traditional medicine systems is a key factor accelerating the process of developing nature-based medicines. Essential standards that have a great impact on the validity and reliability of the results of herbal research should not be ignored, either. In addition, there are still numerous areas that need to be considered by scientists and researchers, including the status of medicinal herbs, toxicological assessments, biological and pharmacological mechanisms of diseases, and research issues. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
228 - تحلیل ریاضی تیر ویسکو الاستیک برشی تحت عبور بار گسترده متحرک
محمد طهرانی حمیدرضا ایپکچیدر این مقاله پاسخ دینامیکی یک تیر ویسکوالاستیک تحت بار پیوسته متحرک مورد مطالعه قرار گرفته است. فرض شده که ماده سازنده تیر از مدل ویسکوالاستیک استاندارد خطی در برش پیروی کرده و در فشار (بالک) تراکمناپذیر است. تنشها به مؤلفههای برشی و اتساع تفکیک شدهاند. سپس معادلات Moreدر این مقاله پاسخ دینامیکی یک تیر ویسکوالاستیک تحت بار پیوسته متحرک مورد مطالعه قرار گرفته است. فرض شده که ماده سازنده تیر از مدل ویسکوالاستیک استاندارد خطی در برش پیروی کرده و در فشار (بالک) تراکمناپذیر است. تنشها به مؤلفههای برشی و اتساع تفکیک شدهاند. سپس معادلات حاکم در حالت ویسکوالاستیک به روش مستقیم استخراج شدهاند و با استفاده از روش بسط توابع ویژه حل شدهاند. بر اساس ضرایب بیبعد معرفی شده یک مطالعه پارامتری انجام شده و اثر سرعت بار و خواص ویسکوالاستیک بر پاسخ بررسی شده است. مطالعات نشان میدهد که بیشترین میرایی در حالتی بهدست میآید که زمان اولین تناوب تیر برابر زمان رهایش برابر باشد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
229 - Assessment of cadmium, lead and nitrogen elements content of the rice in Abraj region of Fars
Haniyeh NowzariRice is one of the main staple foods which is at the risk of contamination with elements and heavy metals. Given the fact that the entry of heavy metals into the food chain and reaching critical concentrations has adverse metabolic and physiological effects on human bei MoreRice is one of the main staple foods which is at the risk of contamination with elements and heavy metals. Given the fact that the entry of heavy metals into the food chain and reaching critical concentrations has adverse metabolic and physiological effects on human beings, assessment of healthiness of produced rice is necessary. The present study aimed to evaluate cadmium, lead and nitrogen elements amount in the rice of the Abraj region of Marvdasht county in Fars province in comparison with national standard. The samples were collected randomly from soil and rice plant (root and grain) in four studied stations in three consecutive months of August, September and October, 2016. The results showed that cadmium and lead content in soil and rice grain were lower than national agricultural standards, which means that the produced rice is not contaminated with cadmium and lead. On the other hand, nitrogen content in soil and rice grain was higher than national agricultural standards, which showed nitrogen-contaminated soil and extra accumulation of nitrogen in the produced rice in this region. Therefore, cadmium and lead-containing fertilizers were adequately used however use of nitrate-containing fertilizers was excessive in this region. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
230 - The identification of validation factors of international standards in the assessment system of Farhangian University
Zahra Piroozian Mohammad Karimi Moslem Charabine Ali MaghoolThe purpose of this research was to identify the validation factors of international standards in the assessment system of Farhangian University. This is an applied and qualitative study which has been conducted using grounded theory (data-driven) technique. The statist MoreThe purpose of this research was to identify the validation factors of international standards in the assessment system of Farhangian University. This is an applied and qualitative study which has been conducted using grounded theory (data-driven) technique. The statistical population of this study was the elites, professionals, and faculty members at Farhangian University, Khorasan. 18 members of this sample were recruited using the purposeful sampling and according to the saturation principle via a semi-structured interview.Face and content validity of the questionnaire used in this study has been approved. The necessity of each extracted item had been assessed for the validation of international standards in the assessment system. The study was analyzed using open, axial, and selective coding. The results were represented in three separate codes and the codes were grouped into 15 axes. Our conclusion showed that the total number of nodes in non-repeated codes were 400 which were combined according to the conceptual similarities and 141 nodes (common codes) were extracted. These codes were clustered based on 3 main factors; i.e., internal, executive, and external factors and 15 subsidiary factors according to tree nodes; and finally, the main and subsidiary factors were identified. The results showed that research model had an acceptable reliability and the results were in line with the literature. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
231 - A Proposal to Run an Inter-Library Loan System in IAU Libraries
Mohammadrahim Rasouliazad Abstract This study aims at putting forward the proposal to run an inter –library loan (ILL) system in Islamic Azad University (IAU) libraries . Using survey method, 84 central libraries of the major branches of Islamic Azad University w More Abstract This study aims at putting forward the proposal to run an inter –library loan (ILL) system in Islamic Azad University (IAU) libraries . Using survey method, 84 central libraries of the major branches of Islamic Azad University were under investigation. A questionnaire was administered to measure the standards of the university libraries, technological equipments and facilities, telecommunication and networking. Then, possibility analysis and needs analysis of the proposal was done from library managers’ point of view. The results indicate that libraries undergo certain shortcomings regarding their organization and management,and their annual budget is floating. 99% of the libraries are equipped with LAN and 95% have internet connections. 54.2% of the libraries have cooperation of any kind with the ither libraries, 48.6% of which is related to ILL. Accoeding to the managers, the potential problems for running an ILL system include lack of dfficient management framework, lack of a comprehensive book classification in IAU, lack of a comprehensive information network, the possibility of losing and damaging sources, low budget, lack of computerized, telecommunication and network facilities, expert human resources, approapriate regulations and lack of mutusl cooperation of the libraries. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
232 - psychometric properties of the nomophobia questionnaire among Iranian students
soroor sadat sayyah abolfazl ghadami fatemeh azadiAbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate the psychometric properties of the Nomophobia questionnaire among Iranian students. This study was a survey. The sample size consisted of 384 students (186 boys and 198 girls) from the students of Islamic Azad univers MoreAbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate the psychometric properties of the Nomophobia questionnaire among Iranian students. This study was a survey. The sample size consisted of 384 students (186 boys and 198 girls) from the students of Islamic Azad university central Tehran branch in the academic year of 1395-96, were selected using Multi-Stages cluster sampling. The Nomphobia questionnaire (NMP-Q) was translated into Persian and then performed on 50 students. Its Cronbach's alpha coefficient was satisfying for the whole scale and its components, and it was ultimately decided that the final implementation would be unchanged. The results of exploratory factor analysis showed that this questionnaire had 4 factors which in total determined 48.1% of the total variance. The results also showed that Cronbach's alpha's reliability was 0.81 for the whole questionnaire, for Not being able to access information 0.81, for Giving up convenience 0.79, for Not being able to communicate 0.82 and Losing connectedness 0.83. This study confirmed that the (NMP-Q) questionnaire could be used as a reliable tool for measuring the mobile phobia in Iranian students. The validity of this questionnaire is proposed at the general population level.Keywords: Standardization; Nomobophobia (NMP-Q); Iranian Students. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
233 - The standardization of the factors affecting the success of Iran's expedition caravan to the Olympics
kataoun kamkari nasroallah sajadi mehrzad hamidi majid jalaliThe success of the Olympic Games in the whole world has become a major priority. The purpose of the present study was to standardize the factors affecting the success of Iran's expedition to the Olympics. An overview of the history and theories suggests that several fac MoreThe success of the Olympic Games in the whole world has become a major priority. The purpose of the present study was to standardize the factors affecting the success of Iran's expedition to the Olympics. An overview of the history and theories suggests that several factors contribute to the success of the Olympics, but there are no reliable tools to reveal the factors affecting the success of Iran's expedition caravan to the Olympics. After reviewing the theoretical foundations and literature of research and identifying the various factors affecting the success of the Olympics and interviewing 17 Olympic experts, the 55 question tool was prepared. Also, this questionnaire "The Factors Affecting the Success of Iran's Expedition Carrier to the Olympic" by 407 Olympic experts and experts Random selection was completed. To determine the reliability of the questions, Cronbach's alpha was used. Structural analysis and analyzes were performed using SPSS software version 22 and lisrel. The questionnaire under the economic, managerial, educational, political and social factors, achievements, mediation, cultural background, motivation, communication, aptitude, demographic and geography were standardized, exploratory and exploratory factors. Finally, the instrument has appropriate and appropriate benchmarking and the best related tools. With the help of this tool, we can see the success of more sportsmen and athletes in various Olympic games. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
234 - Validity and validity of the Poetry Therapy Questionnaire
AliAkbar Salahi soheila khaleghitabar Mohadeseh Aghabarari Gavzani mahsa zolfaghari zahra tarighatram mahdi gholamiyan shokofeh golrokhian۱۱۲۳/۵۰۰۰The present study was developed with the aim of constructing and validating a poetry therapy test that is a suitable, reliable and accurate tool for assessment. The research method is descriptive and exploratory and the statistical sample of this research inclu More۱۱۲۳/۵۰۰۰The present study was developed with the aim of constructing and validating a poetry therapy test that is a suitable, reliable and accurate tool for assessment. The research method is descriptive and exploratory and the statistical sample of this research includes married and single citizens, with a degree from undergraduate to doctorate with an age range of 11 to 65 years in Tehran in 1399. 301 people were selected as available. The data collection method was also non-random and available; To obtain the content validity of the questionnaire, the opinions of the supervisor and several other professors, specialists and experts were used, which confirmed the face validity. Reliability of the test Two methods of Cronbach's alpha coefficient and halving the test were used. The results showed the number 0.92 for Cronbach's alpha which indicates a very good reliability for the questionnaire. Then the test was halved and then Pearson correlation method was used which showed 0.79 which showed a very good relationship for the questionnaire. Therefore, the above questionnaire has good validity and reliability and can be used to assess poetry therapy. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
235 - Psychometric properties of The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory- Adolescent- Restructured Form (MMPI-ARF) in adolescents referred to counseling centers in Tehran
Reihaneh Reihani Kambiz Kamkary Firouz KioumarcyIn this study, "Psychometric properties of The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory– Adolescent - Restructured Form (MMPI-ARF) in adolescents referred to counseling centers in Tehran" has been done and the main question of the research that arises is whethe MoreIn this study, "Psychometric properties of The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory– Adolescent - Restructured Form (MMPI-ARF) in adolescents referred to counseling centers in Tehran" has been done and the main question of the research that arises is whether this instrument has desirable psychometric properties or not? The present research design is survey of descriptive method. The statistical population consists of all adolescents aged 12 to 18 who have referred to counseling centers in Tehran. 300 adolescents were selected by nonrandom sampling method using incidental and convenient sample. The instrument used in this study is The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-Adolescent-Restructured Form (MMPI-ARF) which has been standardized by Kamkary and Shokrzadeh. In order to determine the validity coefficient of the inventory, two methods of Cronbach's alpha and the split-half reliability have been used; Also in order to evaluate the concurrent validity, The Millon Adolescent Clinical Inventory-II (MACI-II) have been used. Findings showed that the validity coefficients with Cronbach's alpha and split-half in the scales of emotional dysfunction, demoralization, dysfunctional negative emotion, self-doubt, negative school attitudes, shyness, aggressiveness, psychoticism, and introversion were higher than 0/70, which indicates the desirable validity coefficients of these scales in adolescents referred to counseling centers in Tehran. Also, Findings showed that this instrument has concurrent validity with The Million Adolescent Clinical Inventory-II. Finally, it can be concluded that this Inventory has desirable psychometric properties. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
236 - WISC-R is alive in Iran: Standardization of Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children - Revised (WISC-R) in the 15 years children
mehriar nadrmohammadi maryam shafiepourObjective: Due to the increasing use of the WISC-R in Iran clinical centers and not been standardized this test in 15 years old children. The purpose of this study was standardizing the WISC-R in 15 years old children.Method: This research was descriptive. 120 subjects MoreObjective: Due to the increasing use of the WISC-R in Iran clinical centers and not been standardized this test in 15 years old children. The purpose of this study was standardizing the WISC-R in 15 years old children.Method: This research was descriptive. 120 subjects (60 girls and 60 boys) were selected by random sampling in three age groups (4 months apart). Descriptive statistics parameters of raw scores of sub-scales were calculated and raw scores were converted to standard scores using non-linear transformation using Z table. The standard scores of each subscale were converted linearly to a scaled score with an average of 10 and standard deviation of 3 ss=((z*3)+10) . Reliability of verbal, performance and total subscales were evaluated the Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The mean of verbal, performance and total intelligence was calculated.Results: For each of age groups obtained convert tables for transformation raw scores to scaled scores. The mean and standard deviation of row scores in all three age groups were calculated in 12 subscales. Using the scores of the 10 original subscales, the average of verbal, performance and the full scale intelligence respectively were VIQ=96.93, PIQ=97.12 FSIQ=96.69. The average relibility (Cronbach's alpha) of the verbal, performance and total subscales respectively were α=0.82, 0.71, 0.84. Conclusion: Regarding these results, it can be stated that WISC-R can be used to determine the intelligence in 15 years old students and until the standardization of the latest versions of WISC conversion tables can be used by counselors, psychologists for this age group. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
237 - MMPI-ARF Standardization of reconstructed form of Minnesota multidimensional Personality Inventory in guidance school students in Aq Qala city
Azam Taziki Kambiz KamkariIn this study present MMPI-ARF Standardization of reconstructed form of Minnesota multidimensional Personality Inventory in guidance school students at Aq Qala city and the research main question is raised whether reconstructed form of Minnesota multidimensional Persona MoreIn this study present MMPI-ARF Standardization of reconstructed form of Minnesota multidimensional Personality Inventory in guidance school students at Aq Qala city and the research main question is raised whether reconstructed form of Minnesota multidimensional Personality Inventory (MMPI-ARF) in guidance school students in Aq Qala city has desirable psychometric properties? The research method is in the field of methodological research, with emphasis on psychometric. Statistical population constitute all Aq Qala city guidance school students that are 3239 persons (1056 girl students, , 1699 boy students and 34 boy students in non-profit school), which 100 students using a convenience sampling were selected as sample size. The instrument used in this study is reconstructed form of Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI-ARF) that has validity and favorable credit. To determine the questionnaire validity coefficient with an emphasis on internal consistency of questions is used Cronbach alpha methods and test-retest method to evaluate the coefficient stability, Also, to investigate the validity coefficient of validity used same type criterion, in this regard, Assessment questionnaire of personality pathology aspects (DAPP-BQ) and correlation between the two mentioned questionnaire using the Pearson correlation coefficient is used and finally used structural validity of hierarchical and determine the coefficient of resolution-oriented. And results showed that all reliability coefficients greater than 84/0 used Cronbach's alpha and coefficients greater than 89/0 used test-retest method with Spearman-Brown modified which shows the favorable reliability coefficient of present questionnaire in evaluated 28 scales. Also, Minnesota multidimensional personality questionnaire reconstructed form (MMPI-ARF) with Assessment questionnaire of personality pathology aspects in Aq Qala guidance schools adolescents has simultaneous validity; finally, it became clear that Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory reconstructed form (MMPI-ARF) has an internal structure that includes 28 scales and 4 factors. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
238 - Normalization of Reading Comprehension Skills in Studentsof Ilam city
Zeynab Mihan DostAbstract Introduction: the purpose of reading is, understanding, and making sense of text. All the training in reading should be used to develop the ability to comprehend. Problems with are comprehension very difficult and require regular effort, slow and steady between MoreAbstract Introduction: the purpose of reading is, understanding, and making sense of text. All the training in reading should be used to develop the ability to comprehend. Problems with are comprehension very difficult and require regular effort, slow and steady between the learner and instructor. Method: in this study, the cluster sampling is used from three educational areas of Ilam city. In this study for analysis of data, the parameter of item response theory based Rasch model was employed. Results: results of this research indicated that, comprehension test have reached a high validity and appropriate reliability. Furthermore this study shows that, accuracy and sensitivity, are .95 and .98 respectively. Also based on Rasch model difficulty parameters are well suited for the investigation of comprehension test and Rasch model fits to . Moreover, test information function curve shows that comprehension test is desired. Conclusion: in this study comprehension test have psychometric properties suitable to identify the problems and comprehension failures for learners to read. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
239 - Construction and test standardization work culture among employees, according to its basic components Education in Tehran
Masomeh Bahrami Ali Delavar Fatemeh RasoliKhorshidiThe purpose of this study, was construction and standardization of work culture for educational staff in Tehran. 250 employees in were cluster sampling, from educational region in Tehran. by reviewing of theoretical background and research questions related to this fiel MoreThe purpose of this study, was construction and standardization of work culture for educational staff in Tehran. 250 employees in were cluster sampling, from educational region in Tehran. by reviewing of theoretical background and research questions related to this field of study, preparation , implementation polating the test and deleting the inappropriate items, 30-item remained validity of the test content was confirmed by experts. Cronbach's alpha coefficients were calculated by ( آلفا = 0.86). Exploratory factor analysis of the showed that the four cooperation and group harmony, interest and solidarity work, commitment and loyalty was found. Verification analysis also shows that the four- factor model had an acceptable fit to the data. Conclusion: The results showed that the test of work culture and its sub-components have acceptable reliability and validity and also the results of the test showed that the distribution of scores between the rate components of employees work culture (except for group collaboration and empathy) there is no significant difference between men and women. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
240 - Psychometric properties of family quality of life questionnaire (FQOL) based on Item-Response Theory (IRT)
abolfazl ghadami sarvarosadat sayah Fatemeh AzadiThe purpose of this research was to study the psychometric properties of family quality of life questionnaire based on. This study is a survey with a sample of 384 students (175 boys and 209 girls) were selected multistage cluster sampling among students of Azad Univers MoreThe purpose of this research was to study the psychometric properties of family quality of life questionnaire based on. This study is a survey with a sample of 384 students (175 boys and 209 girls) were selected multistage cluster sampling among students of Azad University Central Tehran Branch. In this research, the family quality of life questionnaire was first translated into Farsi and then carried out for a total of 50Bachelor students. Among 25 items in the questionnaire, 4 Items (25-23-24), which conditioned by disabled family member, was not answered; therefore, the analysis process was eliminated and the rest of the analysis was done with 21 remaining Items. The results of the first order confirmatory factor analysis showed that all indices were significant at 99% level, indicating that the items are consistent with the theoretical construct. Its Cronbach's alpha coefficient was satisfactory for the whole scale and its components. The results showed that the reliability of the test was calculated using Cronbach's alpha for the total questionnaire of 0.779 and the components of family interactions 0.712, parenting 0.809, emotional well-being of 0.734 and physical well-being of 0. 804 and the desirability of the psychometric properties of the item questionnaire with the use of the GRM model were investigated. This study confirmed that family quality of life questionnaire can be used as a valid and appropriate tool for assessing the quality of life in the family in Iranian students. The validity is proposed of this questionnaire at the general population. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
241 - Studying the Psychometric Measurement of Deviant Behavioral Scale in Adolescents aged 12 to 18 years in Tehran
Masoumeh Hafezamini Hadi FarhadiThe purpose of this study was to investigate the psychometric properties of deviant behavior in adolescents in Tehran. The methodology was based on investigations of test creation according to a descriptive purpose of survey. In order to sta MoreThe purpose of this study was to investigate the psychometric properties of deviant behavior in adolescents in Tehran. The methodology was based on investigations of test creation according to a descriptive purpose of survey. In order to statistical population of the research, all male students between 12 to 18 years old who were studying first and second year in secondary schools in 15 to 18 Regions of Tehran in the academic year of 1396-1397 was considered. According to Morgan's table and cluster sampling, 300 people was selected as a research sample and responded to a 19 scaled questionnaire created by Sanchez & Associates' Divergent Behaviors (2016). Data analysis was accomplished by using SPSS-20 and Lisrel 8.8 software and also, the statistical methods of exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. In order to investigate and analysis reliability by Cronbach's alpha (internal consistency), retaliation and validity were measured at the same time. The results of the research showed that Adolescent behavioral deviation scale has a good validity and stability. Hence, the questionnaire determine the diversions of adolescents appropriately. This scale can be implemented in humanities research especially in the social sciences and psychology by other researchers. Therefore, it can be serviceable as a tool for determining the strengths and weaknesses of adolescents in behavioral deviations to take determinations to reduce juvenile deviant behaviors. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
242 - The standardize Social Skills Rating System for Parents and Teachers ,Preschool Level (SSRS-PT) Gresham & Elliott in AMOl
Ali Asghar Abbasi Asfjir Fereshteh KhatibiThis study was done to standardize Social Skills Rating System for Parents and Teachers ,Preschool Level (SSRS-PT) Gresham & Elliott (1990) in a sample of 420 (210 males,210 females) prescoolers, 4-6 years in the city of Amol.Children were chosen based on multi stag MoreThis study was done to standardize Social Skills Rating System for Parents and Teachers ,Preschool Level (SSRS-PT) Gresham & Elliott (1990) in a sample of 420 (210 males,210 females) prescoolers, 4-6 years in the city of Amol.Children were chosen based on multi stage Cluster Sampling method and rated by Parents and Teachers with SSRS-P and SSRS-T questionnaires. In order to determine the Reliability of questionnaires,Cronbach’s alpha and Retest method was used.Content related and Construct Validity was used to assess the Validity of questionnaires.Construct Validity was evaluated by Factor Analysis.Datas were analysed by ststistical T-test, Chi Square and Correlation Coefficient .Cronbach’s alpha for both SSRS-P and SSRS-T reports was 0.93 and for behavorial problems was 0.87 that reveal Parent and Teacher’s reports are reliable and show high Internal Consistency.The results of Retest method confirmed the Reliability of both reports with high Correlation.. Factor Analysis of Social Skills addressed three factors of Cooperation,Assertion and Self Control in Teachers reports and four factors of Cooperation , Assertion , Responsibility and Self Control in Perent report . For Behavorial Problems obtained Internalized and Externalized factor in both reports.Goodness of Fit Index (GFI) showed that theoretical and experimental pattern was good. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
243 - Standardization of Marriage Satisfaction Test
Ali Akbar SalahiAbstract:The attention paid to the quality of life satisfaction has been of interest to many scholars and experts in this area since the past few years. Therefore, standardization of marriage satisfaction test is the main objective of this research. This test can be con MoreAbstract:The attention paid to the quality of life satisfaction has been of interest to many scholars and experts in this area since the past few years. Therefore, standardization of marriage satisfaction test is the main objective of this research. This test can be considered as one of the most widely used tests in this field. For standardization, first, a translation test was performed on 150 satisfactory couples and 150 disappointed couples. The validity of the marriage satisfaction test through Cronbach's alpha was 0.92, which indicates good credit. The internal correlation method was used to determine the validity of the scales and the maximum was 0.84. The difference in validity was obtained by comparing the two groups with satisfaction and dissatisfaction and with a confidence of 0.95 there was a significant difference between the two groups Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
244 - Determine Of Standard Infrastructure For The presentation of the faculty members' professional skills promotion model based on the fourth generation higher education mission
alireza mohammadi nezhad ganji amineh ahmadi bahram alishiri zahra talebThe aim of the present research was to Determine of Standard Infrastructure for The presentation of the faculty members' professional skills promotion model based on the fourth generation higher education mission. The study was done based on exploratory research with tw MoreThe aim of the present research was to Determine of Standard Infrastructure for The presentation of the faculty members' professional skills promotion model based on the fourth generation higher education mission. The study was done based on exploratory research with two statistical sample groups including specialists and experts who were to identify the main factors, and Faculty Members to confirm the reduced factors. In the study, based on the structural equation modeling and using AMOS and SPSS, factors along with 98 items were recognized and approved. Justice in teaching courses, evaluation, cyberspace, familiarization with professional software, job enrichment, research activities, publishing, consulting activities, management activities, executive activities, professional growth, innovation, familiarity with research principles, and familiarity with higher education approaches . In the end, the results of the research were compared and suggestions were made. Standard Infrastructure, Professional skill, Exploratory Factor Research, Mission of the fourth generation of higher education. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
245 - Evaluation of factor structure, validity and reliability of the Youth Anxiety Measure for DSM-5 (YAM-5)
ali pirzad ghasem ahiThere have been major changes in the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) compared to previous versions. This study was aimed to examine the factor structure, validity and reliability of the Youth Anxiety Measure for DSM-5 ( MoreThere have been major changes in the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) compared to previous versions. This study was aimed to examine the factor structure, validity and reliability of the Youth Anxiety Measure for DSM-5 (YAM-5). In this descriptive study with factor analysis approach, 300 students aged 12 to 18 years old in Birjand were selected by cluster sampling method and were evaluated by using Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders- short form (SCARED-71). The results of the study showed that the internal validity of the part I I and part II of the Youth Anxiety Measure for DSM-5 (YAM-5) were in range of 0.71 to 0.90 and 0.65 to 0.91, respectively. The criterion validity of the scale by using Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders- short form (SCARED-71) showed that there is a significant positive correlation between the YAM-5 and components of SCARED-71, in a range of 0.12 to 0.74. Validity in the internal consistency showed that the correlation between each of the five components together that set in a range of 0.38 to 0.56 were lower than correlation between each of the five components and total score that set in a range of 0.69 to 0.83. According to the results of this study, the importance of measuring anxiety disorders in children and adolescents, the lack of suitable standardized tools in our country, and the validity and reliability of the Youth Anxiety Measure for DSM-5 (YAM-5), it is recommended to professionals and researchers to use this tool Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
246 - Standardization of Excitement Questionnaire in Farhangians of Ilam
falaknaz havas bigi Samane Mirhodaei Rahele MontazeriExcitement is a personal trait that causes people to show different emotional reactions in similar situations. The quantitative data collection part of the present study is a quantitative research that descriptive research methods of normative type will be used. In this MoreExcitement is a personal trait that causes people to show different emotional reactions in similar situations. The quantitative data collection part of the present study is a quantitative research that descriptive research methods of normative type will be used. In this study, the excitability scale for appropriate subsequent measurements in Iran; Was standardized. Therefore, this research is an applied research. The results showed that the overall average of excitement in teaching was higher in female teachers than male teachers. In the present study, Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to calculate the reliability of the Excitement Questionnaire in the teaching of elementary teachers. The Cronbach's alpha range was between the boredom subscale (0.902) and the pride and pleasure subscale (0.537). Cronbach's alpha for general excitement is 0.875, which indicates the reliability of the questionnaire for teachers. Confirmatory factor analysis method was used to measure the excitement in the teaching of elementary teachers. For this purpose, to determine the suitability of the data for factor analysis, KMO coefficient and Bartlett test were used, which showed the suitability of the sample for research. The results showed that five factors with eigenvalues higher than 2 were extracted, which explained 55.365% of the total variance of the factors. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
247 - ٍEvaluation of drought return period using standardized precipitation index (SPI) in Fars province, Iran
Nader Pirmoradian Seyyed Amir Shamsnia Fardin Boustani Mohammad Ali ShahrokhniaDrought is one of the natural disasters and it is very much frequent in dry and semidry areas of Iran. Lack of rainfall has different effects on underground waters, soil moisture and river currents. Examining and analyzing of drought severity duration curves and evaluat MoreDrought is one of the natural disasters and it is very much frequent in dry and semidry areas of Iran. Lack of rainfall has different effects on underground waters, soil moisture and river currents. Examining and analyzing of drought severity duration curves and evaluation curves are essential to water resources and agricultural management planning. So, the drought indices should be used. Standardized precipitation index (SPI) is one of the most important indices that aims to assign numeric values to the most important climate factor (rainfall). It is used to determine precipitation deficit in different time scales. Time scales show the drought effects on water resource abilities. In present study, the drought severities were determined in a 30 year statistical period for 20 stations across Fars province of Iran in three 6, 12 and 24 months scales. Then based on drought severities in different months, the change process curves of SPI index were provided at different scales. Considering the short-time, mid-time and long-time scales, and the drought was examined from different view points and its severest events and their alternation periods were compared and analyzed. The results showed that Fars province has been encountered with droughts for many years and it has deteriorated in recent years. Other results showed that the short-time droughts had very much fluctuation and were much sensitive to the moisture changes. But in long-term time scale, the sever droughts had long standing and reflected the drought in better fashion. Thus, since drought severity and its frequency are all directly or indirectly time scale depended functions, they may be regarded as the initial warning for drought and help to evaluate it. Result was also revealed the changes process from low severity to high one from northwest to the southeast of the province. The alternation period of drought occurrence with a mild severity varied 3-10 years in average at the studied stations. These quantities for moderate and severe droughts were obtained 5-15 and 10-15 years, respectively. Manuscript profile
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