A Comprehensive Review on Charging Technologies and International Standards for Electric Vehicles
Subject Areas : Transportation Analysis
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Keywords: Electric vehicle, recharging methods, worldwide standards, fast charging techniques, global warming,
Abstract :
The enormous growth in the transportation sector around the globe has led to the emission of greenhouse gases in the environment contributing towards climatic change and global warming. The multifaceted solution to climatic change is achieved by zero emission operation of automobile sector by transforming towards fully electric. With the advancements in electric drives, the operational emissions of Electric Vehicle (EV) are completely eliminated and the emissions related to power generation can be eliminated by focusing on renewable energy sources. However, in many countries the demand for electric vehicles contributes only to a lesser percentage of vehicles. The key barrier in implementing massive adoption of green energy vehicles is the energizing time. Moreover, several difficulties related to formation of energizing plan include concern by the driver to reach the destination, lack of groundwork for charging and high cost of EV. This paper provides thorough examination on recharging methods, worldwide standards, and the challenges associated with the future research. The summary of different recharging methods with regard to conductive or wired charging, battery switching and cordless charging are discussed. A comparative analysis has been carried out on different charging levels and commercial onboard chargers in terms of distance, voltage and capacity of battery, time and power of charging. Furthermore, future roadmap and challenges in implementing EV are encapsulated as the future research investigations.
