beliefs

Open Access Article

1 - Identification of cultural barriers to scientific development at Islamic Azad University, Tehran North Branch
Abbas Gheadamini Harouni Nazanin Sadegh Zadeh Hossein Jafari Chaleshotari Majed Maharani Barzani

The purpose of this study was to determine the cultural barriers of science development in universities from the viewpoint of faculty members in Azad University of Tehran North Branch. The research method was applied in terms of purpose and in terms of collecting data, More

The purpose of this study was to determine the cultural barriers of science development in universities from the viewpoint of faculty members in Azad University of Tehran North Branch. The research method was applied in terms of purpose and in terms of collecting data, a descriptive survey was used. The statistical population of this research was all faculty members in Islamic Azad University, North Tehran Branch. 536 people were selected by using Cochran sampling formula. 240 individuals were selected through random stratified sampling method. The research instrument was a researcher-made questionnaire with a 5-point Likert scale that had 54 items. The validity of the questionnaires was assessed based on the content validity of the questionnaires, based on the views of some of the statistical population and the structure by factor analysis method. After validation of the necessary terms, validity was confirmed and on the other hand, the reliability of the questionnaire was estimated at 0.838 by Cronbach's alpha. Data analysis was done on descriptive and inferential levels including one-sample t-test. The findings of the research showed that from the viewpoint of faculty members of Islamic Azad University, Tehran North Branch, cultural weaknesses of science development in university in all five dimensions of cultural barriers In other words, values, norms, beliefs, organizational norms and informational system were presented below the comparisons of these dimensions at the level (p <0.0001) and higher than the effective level. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

2 - The Relationship between Metacognitive beliefs and undergraduate student’s architectural design courses score (Case study: Architectural design 5 students)
houbeh tahvildari vahid ghobadian Reza Afhami

Learning is the result of personal beliefs and attitudes, environmental, and behavioral factors that many researchers state that each of them can affect other two factors. On the other hand, Self-regulated learning is aligned most closely with educational aims refers to More

Learning is the result of personal beliefs and attitudes, environmental, and behavioral factors that many researchers state that each of them can affect other two factors. On the other hand, Self-regulated learning is aligned most closely with educational aims refers to learning that is guided by metacognition (thinking about one's thinking), strategic action (planning, monitoring, and evaluating personal progress against a standard), and motivation to learn. Researchers found that any development of self-regulated learning is governed by a variety of interacting cognitive, metacognitive, and motivational components. Self-regulated learning refers to the ability to understand and control learning conditions through setting goals, selecting strategies to achieve them, implementing those strategies, and monitor the progress towards them. These factors are the main and most important factors in developing an architectural design too. So you can imagine one with these abilities can become a successful designer and if it is true, the educational system must try to enhance these abilities as a predictor of success as mentioned above. Metacognitive training means increasing individual abilities in the discipline of cognitive processes and their control on their cognitive processes, which plays an important role in improving it, including reasoning, rational thinking, problem-solving and critical thinking. Problem solving is the main trend in architectural design education, so finding the relationship between student’s successes in architectural design, their metacognitive abilities can be a primary indicator of attention to metacognition based teaching method as a valuable method in architectural design education instead of our today’s cognitive method. Therefore, the present study aims at determining the problem of whether there is a meaningful relationship between their meta-cognitive beliefs and the undergraduate architectural design course scores grades and sketch, as the first step towards the formulation of meta-cognitive teaching methods in architectural design. Therefore, a survey was conducted in the form of a questionnaire among 208 of senior students of architecture design lessons among universities in Tehran city. They were asked to complete a meta-cognitive belief questionnaire and a questionnaire related to their cognitive knowledge in architecture and architectural experience as well as their grades in architectural design courses and draw an architectural sketch that graded by three professors in the field of architectural design. The results show that the demographic variables such as age, gender, and economy, as well as the level of their knowledge and experiences in the field of architecture, have no significant relationship with their architectural design scores. However, the results of correlation and regression analysis of data showed that subscales of positive beliefs about worry, cognitive self-consciousness, and beliefs about the need to control thoughts have positive effects on their architectural design scores and there is a significant relationship between the metacognitive ability of the individual and his ability to design the architecture. Instead of its importance in the architectural design process, it has less connection with Architectural sketch scores as a creative process. So the results may use as a hypothesis of using Metacognitive teaching methods in Architectural design courses of undergraduate Architecture students. Manuscript profile

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3 - The Effectiveness of Philosophy Education on Metacognitive Beliefs among High School Students
Hassan Shams Esfandabad Parinaz Banisi Susan Emamipour

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4 - Comparison of Factors Related to Aggression in Professional Taekwondo Players and Semi-professional Work and Sociological Analysis of their Religious Beliefs
Mojtaba Salemi Khozani Mohammad Ali Aslankhani Kaveh Khabiri Reza Behdari

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Open Access Article

5 - Comparing the effectiveness of Integrated Behavioral Couple Therapy and Schema-based Couple Therapy on Couples' Communication Beliefs
Shokoufeh Kordavani shahnaz khaleghipour

10.30495/jhm.2023.75557.11168

Introduction: This research was conducted with the aim of comparing the effectiveness of integrated behavioral couple therapy and schema-based couple therapy on the communication beliefs of conflicted couples in Shiraz.Methods: The research method was semi-experimental More

Introduction: This research was conducted with the aim of comparing the effectiveness of integrated behavioral couple therapy and schema-based couple therapy on the communication beliefs of conflicted couples in Shiraz.Methods: The research method was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design and a two-month follow-up. The statistical population consisted of all conflicted couples who were referred to Fajr Shiraz counseling center in 1401, who were selected by purposeful sampling of 45 couples and were replaced by randomization in three groups: integrated behavioral couple therapy, schema-oriented couple therapy, and waiting list. Zaker and Brati's Marital Conflicts Questionnaire (2008) and Idelson and Epstein's Communication Beliefs Questionnaire (1990) were used to collect data. Experiment group one received a 16-session integrated behavioral couple therapy protocol and experiment group two received a 13-session schema-based couple therapy protocol and the control group was placed on the waiting list. The data was analyzed by analysis of variance with repeated measurements.Results: The results showed that both integrated behavioral couple therapy and schema-based couple therapy interventions were effective on communication beliefs and this effect was stable in the follow-up period.Conclusion: Therefore, both integrated behavioral couple therapy and schema-based couple therapy are effective treatments for reducing irrational communication beliefs in couples.. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

6 - Investigating the Impact of emotions on the Intention to buy customers of Green Products (Studied case: Students of the Islamic Azad University of Kashan)
alireza naalchi kashi Seyed Mohammad Tabataba&rsquo;i- Nasab

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors affecting the intention to purchase green products. For this purpose, a total of 450 students from the Islamic Azad University of Kashan took part in this survey. Methodology: The research method was app More

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors affecting the intention to purchase green products. For this purpose, a total of 450 students from the Islamic Azad University of Kashan took part in this survey. Methodology: The research method was applied in terms of purpose and in terms of analysis, it was of the scaling type. The data collection tool and sampling for the questionnaire were done randomly and to determine the sample, the Cochran formula was utilized. This study used the SPSS software to analyze the descriptive statistics (demographical factors) and through the software PLS, the connection between the variables was investigated by structural equation modeling. Findings: The results indicated that environmental beliefs affect environmental concern and there must be a positive relationship between them. Also, the increase in environmental concern leads to an increase in the attitude to consume green products, and finally an increase in the consumers' intention to purchasing green products. Furthermore, an increase in environmental concerns also increases positive emotions, which in turn increases the consumers' will to purchase green products. Finally, with increasing environmental concerns, negative emotions increase. But the effect of negative emotions is on reverse purchasing intention. Research Limitations: The tested model now uses purchase intention as a result variable instead of real purchase, and in practice, it will be difficult to develop a research framework in a controlled real behavior. Managerial Implications and Originality/Valve: Investigating the role of positive and negative emotions on the intention of purchasing green products helps marketing managers up to by correct identifying consumers' emotions can designing appropriate strategies for encouraging them to use green products. Keywords: Environmental Beliefs, Environmental Concern, Positive Emotions, Negative Emotions, Attitudes toward Green Products, Theory of Reasoned Action. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

7 - The Effect of Cultural Components on Personal Brand Model Based on Individual Competencies
Sedigheh Saemian Moghadaseh Mohamadian Hamied mirmoeini Farzaneh shahrokhy

Introduction and Research Goal: Personal branding is a procedure that individuals and their expertise are marked as commercial brands by using it. On other words, the implementation of this procedure leads to a specific sense of recognition, and a memorable and perfect More

Introduction and Research Goal: Personal branding is a procedure that individuals and their expertise are marked as commercial brands by using it. On other words, the implementation of this procedure leads to a specific sense of recognition, and a memorable and perfect feeling in the owner of the brand. Hence, the recognition of these fields for participation in competitive environments with a variety of management functions, and also turning the activities to multipurpose ones became one of the main requirements for skills development. With such a background, the present investigation aimed to investigate the Effect of Cultural Components on Personal Brand Model Based on Individual Competencies.Research Methodology: The collected data was obtained from 94 persons who owned brands in Iran in 2013 by using researcher made questionnaire. The reliability of the questionnaire was calculated by employing Cronbach’s alpha method, which was 0.80 The structural validity was used to check the reliability of the questionnaire, and the results validated the research tool. The data was analyzed through Structural Equation Modelling (SEM), Smart PLS software and Multiple Regression (MP), and the final model was presented in this paper.Finding: According to obtaining findings from Standardized coefficients and t-statistics, total of effective cultural components had direct and significant impact on personal brand (-2.58 < t < 2.58 and Standardized coefficients was positive)Conclusion: The results of the present research demonstrated the proper fit of the model based on the effect of the dimensions of cultural components such as Values and beliefs, motivational patterns, lifestyles, and tolerance of ambiguity on personal brand based on individual competencies in the fields of knowledge, skill and attitude. Manuscript profile

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8 - Sociological study of the role of gender cultural beliefs in women's sports scouting
Soheila Abdi Nemat Abad bahram ghadimi Shahla hojjat Masoumeh shojaei zahra Alipor-darvishi

10.30495/jisds.2007.21261

The study of women's sports, especially with a social approach that is less perceived, is of particular importance. Advances in this regard require the development of a program of talent that can distinguish and educate athletes from the very beginning. Talent in dealin More

The study of women's sports, especially with a social approach that is less perceived, is of particular importance. Advances in this regard require the development of a program of talent that can distinguish and educate athletes from the very beginning. Talent in dealing with a variety of factors, including gender-based cultural beliefs. It seems that women's sports in most societies are more marginalized, and therefore the gender and norms associated with it can be effective in the process of scouting. This study examines the role of gender cultural beliefs in women's sports scores. The methodology of research is based on a qualitative approach that the researcher has studied through the depth of interviews.This study has been used to study the subject using qualitative analysis derived from non-constructed interviews. And among three groups of coaches and executives, professors and experts and female athlete of the hero. In the sample selection, a sampling method has been used for multi-objective purposeful sampling. The researcher has considered 30 samples to be sufficient for theoretical saturation.Finally, the reform of gender stereotyped attitudes in society, the correction of the gender reflection of women's women's sports championship and the need to rethink their gender culture is one of its key findings. Manuscript profile

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9 - The study of social and cultural factors affecting political participation among youth in Mazandaran province
سید احمد gh احمد آذین اصغر محمدی

The present study was conducted with the aim of sociological explanation of political participation among the youth of Mazandaran province and the factors affecting it. The theoretical framework and theoretical model were presented using theorists theory such as Lipsett More

The present study was conducted with the aim of sociological explanation of political participation among the youth of Mazandaran province and the factors affecting it. The theoretical framework and theoretical model were presented using theorists theory such as Lipsett, Weber, Perry, and so on. This research was conducted through a survey method. Face and structural validity was used and reliability was obtained using Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The statistical population of the study consists of young people aged 18 to 29 years old in Mazandaran province whose number is 65240 according to the census statistics. Using Cochran's formula, 380 people were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling method. To analyze the data, two methods of descriptive and inferential statistics were used and analyzed using spss software.Findings indicate that independent variables of political effectiveness, political socialization and religious and religious beliefs have a significant relationship with the dependent variable of political participation. These three variables account for 62.2% of the total change in political participation, and the role of the function of the authorities is greater than the other two variables. Regarding the beta values, the variable of religious and religious beliefs has the highest and the most variable political effectiveness has the least impact on political participation. Manuscript profile

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10 - Sociological analysis of the generation gap of children and parents awaiting the role of each other in the urban family of Iran (Case study of Tehran)
Habibollah Karimian Mehrdad Navabakhsh

Family is one of the social institutions where the roles and role expectations are of great importance. In Iranian urban families, members play significant roles in relation to each other, and the expectations of each member of the role played by the other is also worth More

Family is one of the social institutions where the roles and role expectations are of great importance. In Iranian urban families, members play significant roles in relation to each other, and the expectations of each member of the role played by the other is also worthy of consideration. The multiple, and often ultimately conflicting, roles of the parents on the one hand, and the transition of urban families from tradition to modernity, on the other, have pushed the expectations of the parents of their roles away from what their children expect of their parents. The present field study is cross-sectional, extensive and practical in nature. The instrument used is a researcher-made questionnaire to collect the required data from the interviewees. The research population were all the families living in the 22 municipality districts of Tehran (2,597,731 families based on the 2011 census). The results show a significant difference between the parents and their children in level of education and attitudes towards innovation, individualism, and the generation gap. There is also evidence for the effect of the family’s socio-economic status on creation of a generation gap. There is also the effect of the children’s educational level on the formation of the gap. Parents and their children also differ in their observance of religious traditions and rites including prayer and fasting.  Manuscript profile

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11 - The role of socio-cultural factors on organ donation among Kashan citizenry
Mohsen Niazi Mohammad Shirazi

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12 - The Study of the Beliefs among Literate Citizens in Ashtian City in terms of Urban Development
Mohammad Tahmasbi Ashtiani Ali Roshanaie

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13 - A Sociological Explanation of Social Factors Influencing the Cultural Goods Consumption (Case of Study: Tehran City)
Ali Darabi Mehdi Mokhtarpour

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14 - A Sociological Study of the Role of Gender Cultural Beliefs in Finding Women's Sports Talent
Soheila Abdi Ne'matabad Bahmram Gadimi Shahla Hojjat Masoumeh Shojaie Zahra Alipour Darvishi

The study of women's sports, especially with a social approach that is less perceived, is of particular importance. Advances in this regard require the development of a program of talent that can distinguish and educate athletes from the very beginning. Talent in dealin More

The study of women's sports, especially with a social approach that is less perceived, is of particular importance. Advances in this regard require the development of a program of talent that can distinguish and educate athletes from the very beginning. Talent in dealing with a variety of factors, including gender-based cultural beliefs. It seems that women's sports in most societies are more marginalized, and therefore the gender and norms associated with it can be effective in the process of scouting. This study examines the role of gender cultural beliefs in women's sports scores. The methodology of research is based on a qualitative approach that the researcher has studied through the depth of interviews. This study has been used to study the subject using qualitative analysis derived from non-constructed interviews. And among three groups of coaches and executives, professors and experts and female athlete of the hero. In the sample selection, a sampling method has been used for multi-objective purposeful sampling. The researcher has considered 30 samples to be sufficient for theoretical saturation. Finally, the reform of gender stereotyped attitudes in society, the correction of the gender reflection of women's women's sports championship and the need to rethink their gender culture is one of its key findings. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

15 - Religious Experience and Perceiving God; A Critical Evaluation of Alston’s Theory
بابک عباسی

In his magnum opus Perceiving God, William Alston has tried to showthat one can be justified in believing some religious beliefs on thegrounds of some religious experiences. According to his theory, thosereligious experiences which have -phenomenologically- perceptualch More

In his magnum opus Perceiving God, William Alston has tried to showthat one can be justified in believing some religious beliefs on thegrounds of some religious experiences. According to his theory, thosereligious experiences which have -phenomenologically- perceptualcharacters are entitled to play the role of ground for some other beliefs.This paper examines some of the main criticisms of this view, as wellas Alston's replies to them. Evaluating the arguments of two sides ofthe debate, the author puts forward his comments and criticism. It hasbeen finally concluded that as far as Alston's arguments are concernedhis main claim remains under question. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

16 - Nature and Function of Dreams in the Classical Sufi Works
Vahid Mahmoodi Amir Ali Mazandarani

10.30495/jrs.2022.19947

Sufis considered dreams to be one of the means of communication with the unseen realm, and they were thus highly valued. They examined the effects and goals of the dream experience in spiritual life and presented various viewpoints on the origins of dreams. This article More

Sufis considered dreams to be one of the means of communication with the unseen realm, and they were thus highly valued. They examined the effects and goals of the dream experience in spiritual life and presented various viewpoints on the origins of dreams. This article explored the nature and function of dreams in Sufism by carefully studying 34 mystical texts from the 4th to 9th AH and assessing the contents of 387 dream accounts in these works. Dreams, according to mystics, are tied to either external circumstances or people's mental processes. Some mystics consider angels and others consider human waking behaviour, speech, and thought as the sources of dreams. Finally, others see the connection of man's encompassed imagination (khayal muttasil) to the absolute imagination (khayal mutlaq) as the source of dreams. Analysis of the content of dream reports in mystical works shows that dreams had three main functions for mystics: 1. a way for communicating with the unseen and gaining knowledge; 2. An approving proof for their doctrines; 3. A mirror that shows the people destiny and the outputs of their deeds. The present study can provide a coherent framework for understanding the nature and function of dreams from the perspective of Islamic mysticism. Manuscript profile

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17 - Investigating the Relationship between Sense of Aesthetics and Religious Beliefs with Environmental Behaviors (studied in Kerman)
Ali moradi jamileh esfandiarpour

Background and Objective: Environmental crises in the form of climate change, biodiversity loss, environmental degradation, catastrophes, water scarcity and many other problems are facts that have changed the way of life of the present generation and the future. Will be More

Background and Objective: Environmental crises in the form of climate change, biodiversity loss, environmental degradation, catastrophes, water scarcity and many other problems are facts that have changed the way of life of the present generation and the future. Will be affected. The main question of this research is what is the relationship between aesthetic sense and religious beliefs with environmental behaviors with emphasis on the city of Kerman? The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between aesthetic sense and religious beliefs with environmental culture. Material and Methodology: The method of survey study and data collection tool is questionnaire. Statistical population is citizens of Kerman city over 16 years. According to the Cochran sampling formula, 374 questionnaires were analyzed. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS and AMOS software. Findings: The results of the analysis (SPSS) show that the sense of environmental aesthetics and religious beliefs of people have a significant relationship with environmental behaviors. This means that by promoting people's sense of aesthetics as well as strengthening their religious beliefs, the tendency to perform environmental behaviors correctly increases. The results of multiple regression show that aesthetic sense (T= 7.21) and significant (Sig= T = 0.000) were able to explain 0.35 of internal environmental variations alone. The results of structural equation modeling (AMOS) show that media use with 0.175 regression coefficient, 0.183 aesthetic sense, and socioeconomic base with standard regression coefficient of -0.160 have significant effect on dependent variable. Discussion and Conclusion: It is inferred that in a society where people have aesthetic tastes and are interested in their environment, they will behave responsibly and correctly towards nature and their ecosystem. Manuscript profile

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18 - Comparison and study of Social – Political Views in Hekmat and Shamloo Poetries
Hossein Ariyan Leili Abbasi Montazeri

The present article intends to study Nazem Hekmat and Ahmad Shamloo's views from two different societies – Turkey and Iran –   by citing their language. Since the contents of both poets have not been studied from political – social point of v More

The present article intends to study Nazem Hekmat and Ahmad Shamloo's views from two different societies – Turkey and Iran –   by citing their language. Since the contents of both poets have not been studied from political – social point of view, and also it is of special importance in both thoughts, thus its studying is one of the essentials for analysis. In face we aim to judge and criticize the works through common social and cultural issues in their beliefs and ideologies. Manuscript profile

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19 - Explanation of Parental tutelage in Deepening the Religious Beliefs of Children by Quranic Approach
Atefeh Sohani Ali Amiri Ghaemi Najmeh Vakili Khalil Ahangaran

The importance of education and concepts transfer in childhood era is obvious to everyone. The present research which has been done in descriptive and library method, intends to express and clarify the parents role in deepening the religious beliefs of children. The mai More

The importance of education and concepts transfer in childhood era is obvious to everyone. The present research which has been done in descriptive and library method, intends to express and clarify the parents role in deepening the religious beliefs of children. The main part of the author's data has been gathered in library method and by searching the findings of others in order to complete and confirming the information through interview by religious experts in different aspects. Role model method, kindness, encouragement and storytelling are the most effective Quranic methods which supports parents and teachers in Institutionalization the religious educations in children and teenagers. Manuscript profile

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20 - PATHOLOGY OF THE CULTURAL ROOTS OF HIJAB IN THE UNIVERSITIES OF THE CITY OF YAZD
Mohammad Reza Shayegh

The present article studies the roots of weakness in the veil of the women in the Islamic society and the ways this problem could be treated. Some assumptions have been made as basis of this research. The important finding of this article is that as opposed to the assum More

The present article studies the roots of weakness in the veil of the women in the Islamic society and the ways this problem could be treated. Some assumptions have been made as basis of this research. The important finding of this article is that as opposed to the assumptions that the sample population lack religious views, they have strong religious beliefs and the main reasons are as follows: - Lack of propaganda for religion Misunderstanding of the concept of reincarnation and not lack of understanding Westernization Impact of satellite TV networks Impact of rein less music - Impact of wrong models  Manuscript profile

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21 - Reflection of Folk Culture in the Prose Works of Persian Literature
Maryam Jafari Arash Moshfeqi Aziz Hajaji Kahjouq

10.30495/cls.2021.684664

Iranian folk culture has specified a great part of our literature among different Iranian ethnic groups and has gained a high place in the vast Iranian literature. Iranian folklore has not yet been widely developed, but folk beliefs, feelings, and ideas have been passed More

Iranian folk culture has specified a great part of our literature among different Iranian ethnic groups and has gained a high place in the vast Iranian literature. Iranian folklore has not yet been widely developed, but folk beliefs, feelings, and ideas have been passed down from generation to generation and heart to heart without verbal or spiritual complexity and most of the mentioned beliefs are remained in oral form without logical reasoning. Popular culture refers to a group of rituals, beliefs, customs, legends, stories, proverbs, songs, and famous poems. All proverbs, traditional medicine, stories, celebrations, feasts and various rituals among the various ethnic groups form the folk culture of each ethnic group and add to its richness day by day. The purpose of this article is to reflect the folk culture in the prose works of Persian literature according to the travelogues of the Qajar era. The results of the research show that proverbs, beliefs and folk tales, traditional medicine, games, celebrations and feasts, local customs and traditions are among the subsets of folk culture that are in the literary prose works of Persian literature and the authors have applied them to create themes and illustrations. Manuscript profile

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22 - Explain the relationship between attachment styles and epistemological beliefs with empathy in students
Elahe Memarian Davood Manavipour Mojtaba Sedaghati Fard

The purpose of this article was to explain the relationship between attachment styles and epistemological beliefs with students' empathy, which according to the nature of the research, the research method is descriptive-correlational. The study population includes male More

The purpose of this article was to explain the relationship between attachment styles and epistemological beliefs with students' empathy, which according to the nature of the research, the research method is descriptive-correlational. The study population includes male and female undergraduate, graduate and doctoral students of the Islamic Azad University of Garmsar in the academic year of 1998-99 with a number of 6000 students, of which 400 students (222 females and 178 males) as Available were selected. The statistical sample completed the Schumer (1990) Epistemological Beliefs Questionnaire, Hezan and Schiver (1987) and Toronto (2009) Empathy Attachment Questionnaires simultaneously. SPSS and Lisrel software were used to analyze the data. Findings showed that attachment has a direct positive relationship with empathy and is able to predict it. Knowledge stability, learning speed and knowledge simplicity are related to the path of avoidant attachment style and are negatively and indirectly related to empathy. Learning speed was mediated by anxiety attachment style and negatively correlated with empathy. The inherent ability and simplicity of knowledge through a secure attachment style were able to predict empathy. Of the only contextual variables, marital status was a good predictor of empathy. Other variables were not able to predict empathy or did not show a strong and significant relationship. According to the results of this research, it can be said; A person's experience of the quality of attachment can predict the growth of epistemological beliefs as well as the extent of his empathetic behavior. Manuscript profile

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23 - A Study of Value Contradiction in the Political Socialization Methods of Iran's Mass Media Officials in 2019
Mohammad Saeifar Asghar Mohajeri AmirMasood Mazaheri Aliasghar Mahaki

10.22034/sej.2021.1918435.1283

The purpose of the present study is to survey contradictions in the fundamental values and political socialization methods of Iran's mass media officials in 2019.  The method of study is a mixture of qualitative and quantitative techniques and all the research hypo More

The purpose of the present study is to survey contradictions in the fundamental values and political socialization methods of Iran's mass media officials in 2019.  The method of study is a mixture of qualitative and quantitative techniques and all the research hypotheses denoting that the potentials of conservative, moderate, and reformist officials have a significant effect on political socialization were confirmed. It was also approved that the value beliefs of conservative, moderate, and reformist officials have a significant effect on political socialization. Furthermore, this point was emphasized that the capacities of conservative, moderate, and reformist media have a significant effect on political socialization. Manuscript profile

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24 - Islamic Human Rights According to Ayatollah Khameni’s Viewpoints
Seyyed Sajjad  Izdehi

There is no universal understanding concerning human being and various schools  of  thought  have  presented  different  views  toward  human being based on their be More

There is no universal understanding concerning human being and various schools  of  thought  have  presented  different  views  toward  human being based on their belief presumptions. Consequently, human rights can be studied based on the kind of the viewpoints toward human being. Although the human rights have always been clarified based on the  approved  principles  and  norms,  there  is  no  universal understanding in this regard. The materialistic schools, which have a limited background concerning the issue of the human rights in their society,  try  to  globalize  their  reading  of  this  concept,  and  they reproach the others who do not follow this western reading. Beyond the western view, the religion of Islam, which has a long history in considering the human rights, provides a comprehensive view based on  human’s  material  and  spiritual  needs  and  makes  appropriate recommendations to this end, which naturally differ from the western human rights. Considering the most basic components of the human rights, such as the human dignity, freedom, the right to life, the rights of women and respect for the beliefs of others, Islam has provided solutions for considering the human rights based on recognition of the human needs as stated in the religious instructions. Although, Islam has a similar reading about these elements as the western reading, it suggests different solutions for their realization. Manuscript profile

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25 - The Construction and Deconstruction of Beliefs in Sanai’s Sonnets and Investigating the Relation between them and his Mystical Orientation: Structuralist Reading
Fateme Sadat Taheri

10.30495/dk.2021.684911

This article studies sampels of deconstruction of beliefs in Sanai’s sonnets.Mysticism and Sufism due to their different attitudes toward God, the world, and human beings has manifested for the first time the deconstruction of beliefs in Persian literature and, he More

This article studies sampels of deconstruction of beliefs in Sanai’s sonnets.Mysticism and Sufism due to their different attitudes toward God, the world, and human beings has manifested for the first time the deconstruction of beliefs in Persian literature and, hence, spoke of the invalidity of common thoughts and notions. To this end, different concepts, language, and thought have deployed to offer different interpretations. Regarding Sanai’s superior position in the consistent representation of mystical themes in Persian poetry time and his pey attention to culture, the author, through a descriptive-analytical approach, seeks to answer this fundamental question: Which are the Sanai’s methods, practices and aims that he has used to deconstruction of the common beliefs of his? What is the relation between deconstruction of beliefs in Sanai’s sonnets and mystical Orientation? And how much can his sonnets be read on Structuralis readin? It can be argued that Sanai as the father of Persian mystical poetry, through reversing semantic concepts, Qalandarane consepts, contradictory expression, and adopting the language of the mad, deconstruction of beliefs to create a new impression in readers’ minds.  Sanai is due to his mystical courage, fearlessness and spirituality, which can be influenced by the devotion to the trance (Sokr) and his follow-up of the Khorasan School. The weirdness of these themes has attracted much attention and audience and Construct and Deconstruct of Beliefs that these metodes is explored by Structuralis reading in the text in Sanai’s sonnets whithout any attention to history and ordinary sciences. Manuscript profile

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26 - A study of local literature in the novel The Fig Tree of Ahmad Mahmoud Temples
Kobra Heydarian manijeh fallahi Ali Eskandari

Native literature is a type of literature that reflects the living and native conditions of a region, customs and beliefs, culture, social relations, religious, etc., that govern that region. The tendency towards this type of literature has been seen among many contempo More

Native literature is a type of literature that reflects the living and native conditions of a region, customs and beliefs, culture, social relations, religious, etc., that govern that region. The tendency towards this type of literature has been seen among many contemporary story writers. Ahmad Mahmoud is a prominent Iranian realist writer who was able to reflect the native elements of southern Iran in his works. His deep familiarity with the culture of the Persian Gulf coast people and using the native elements of the southern regions of Iran, his works can be examined and reflected from the perspective of local and regional literature. For this reason, the present essay examines native literature in the author's latest work, which is the novel The Fig Tree of Temples. It shows the achievement of the research which was done with descriptive-analytical method and based on library studies that Ahmad Mahmoud has depicted the customs, beliefs, dialect and dialect of the people of southern Iran in the fig tree, along with the natural and human history and geography of this region, which shows his deep knowledge and mastery of various aspects of history. The geography and culture of the people living in the south of the country. Manuscript profile

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27 - Evaluating ethical beliefs of accountants compared to non-accountants
Hadiseh Darvish Mohsen hashemi gohar Farzad Khalbandi

10.30486/fbra.2022.1965658.1148

Financial scandals and corporate bankruptcies, especially in the last two decades, have made the importance of ethical issues in the accounting and auditing profession more prominent than in the past and have attracted the attention of professional members, the academic More

Financial scandals and corporate bankruptcies, especially in the last two decades, have made the importance of ethical issues in the accounting and auditing profession more prominent than in the past and have attracted the attention of professional members, the academic community, and accounting researchers more than in the past. Emphasizing moral beliefs and examining its effects on various phenomena can help reduce financial scandals as well as the reputation of the profession. The main purpose of the current research is to evaluate ethical beliefs among professional accountants and non-accountants. This research was conducted in 1401 and its statistical population consists of expert (professional) accountants and non-accountants, from which 400 samples were selected. 200 of the statistical sample are accountants and the other 200 are non-accountants. In order to collect data, questionnaires were used, and structural equation modeling was used by Smart PLS3 and Spss25 software to test hypotheses. The findings of the research showed that with the increase in accounting expertise of people, their moral beliefs decrease. Also, the findings of the research indicate that non-accounting professionals have more moral beliefs than accounting professionals. Manuscript profile

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28 - Ferdowsi, Epic and Lesson Teacher* (A Reflection on the Educational Role of Shahnameh Stories)
Maryam Rezabeigi ali salimi

Ferdowsi’s Shahnameh is even though throughout the war and canvas cover, but there are lots of educational remarks, regarding taking lessons from the world. This great masterpiece, in describing the life of kings and heroes, has expressed the most beautiful and in More

Ferdowsi’s Shahnameh is even though throughout the war and canvas cover, but there are lots of educational remarks, regarding taking lessons from the world. This great masterpiece, in describing the life of kings and heroes, has expressed the most beautiful and instructive about the life and death. This book, all over, is Hakim warm breath that with the entire artist, join Iranian reason rather with Islamic beliefs and has balanced combination of human thoughts about education. In place of this immortal work, prosperity, and then ending King's life have been seen with the lesson's approach, Tous Hakim, amidst the history of their, has been linked happiness’s to the failures. Because his attitude is inspired by deep religious insight, Death of his views is as a ladder for the transfer of house to mortal remains. Moreover, he looked to the world as meaningful rewards is distinguishing feature of the prevailing thoughts of the Shahnameh. Although this idea has been proposed in the Islamic beliefs, But Ferdowsi, Inspired by the wisdom of ancient Persia, it highlights this aspect of the criminal act, so that most of his champions in the world to reach their great deeds.   Manuscript profile

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29 - The effect of metacognitive beliefs, emotional schemas, and parental bonding on sensory processing sensitivity
Behnaz Kamali Ali Reza Agha Yosefi hasan mirzahoseini

10.30486/jsrp.2020.1883431.2161

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of metacognitive-beliefs, emotional-schemas and parental-bonding in vulnerability to sensory processing sensitivity in the nonclinical population of Tehran. The research method in this study was correlational and typ More

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of metacognitive-beliefs, emotional-schemas and parental-bonding in vulnerability to sensory processing sensitivity in the nonclinical population of Tehran. The research method in this study was correlational and type of path analysis studies. The statistical population consisted of all citizens over 16 years old in Tehran during winter and spring of 2018. 401 people were selected by available sampling method. After explaining the aim of the research, they were filled out Aron’s Highly Sensitive Person Scale (1997), Leahy’s Emotional Schemas Scale (2002), Wells’s Metacognition Questionnaire (1997) and Parker’s Parental Bonding Instrument (1979). Data were analyzed using SPSS-20 and LISREL. The results of path analysis indicated that the proposed model fitted well with the data. The highest path coefficients were related to emotional schemas (0.40), followed by Parental bonding (0.29) and metacognitive beliefs (0.25) respectively affecting sensory processing sensitivity. The indirect effect of emotional schemas through Parental-bonding (0.20) and metacognition through Parental-bonding (-0.13) was also significant. According to the results, metacognitive-beliefs and emotional-schemas are directly and indirectly affect the sensory processing sensitivity; therefore, metacognitive and emotional schemas therapy can be used to design the preventive programs and appropriate therapeutic interventions for this group. Manuscript profile

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30 - The Relationship between Spiritual Intelligence and Religious Beliefs on Humiliation and Violence in Students
amin noorbakhsh hossein molavi

The purpose of this research was to study the relationship of spiritual intelligence and religious beliefs with violence and feelings of inferiority among the students. The population of this study was all the students of Islamic Azad University of Isfahan (Khorasgan). More

The purpose of this research was to study the relationship of spiritual intelligence and religious beliefs with violence and feelings of inferiority among the students. The population of this study was all the students of Islamic Azad University of Isfahan (Khorasgan). 110 students were randomly selected as the sample. The research instruments included Religiosity Questionnaire (Atkins, 2007), the Spiritual Intelligence Questionnaire (King, 2008), the Violence Questionnaire (Eysenck, 1988), and Feelings of Inferiority Questionnaire (Eysenck, 1988). To analyze the data, regression analysis Spearman correlation coefficient and path analysis by SPSS16 software and Amos were used. The results showed that the relations of spiritual intelligence with feelings of inferiority and violence were significant (P < 0.01). But the relationship of religious beliefs with feelings of inferiority and violence were not significant. Finally, according to the findings of current research it can be suggested that spiritual intelligence is an effective variable on violence and feelings of inferiority. Manuscript profile

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31 - Effectiveness of Meta-cognitive Counseling on Test Anxiety Symptoms of Female Students
maryam mommeni Fatemeh Rezaei Yosof Gorgi

The aim of the present research was to study the effectiveness of meta–cognitive counseling on test anxiety symptoms of students. The research design was semi-empirical with pretest- posttest, follow-up and control group. The statistical population included all second g More

The aim of the present research was to study the effectiveness of meta–cognitive counseling on test anxiety symptoms of students. The research design was semi-empirical with pretest- posttest, follow-up and control group. The statistical population included all second grade girl students of Isfahan city guidance schools in 2012 (1391s.c.). Form the population, 120 students were selected by cluster sampling method, and they completed the Test Anxiety Inventory. 34 students with highest test anxiety score were assigned randomly in an experimental and a control group (17 students, each group). Every participant in the experimental and the control group completed the Test Anxiety Inventory (Aboulghsemi, et al,. 2009/1388s.c.) in the pretest, posttest and follow-up stage. Meta-cognitive counseling was applied on the experimental group for 9 sessions of one hour each week. At the complession of meta-cognitive counseling program, posttest and then follow-up test (1 month later) were completed by both groups. For analyzing the data, multi- variance and covariance (MANCOVA) were used. Results showed that meta-cognitive counseling has signifintly reduced test anxiety symptoms in the posttest and follow-up stages (P < 0.01). Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

32 - The Effect of Different Aspects of Religious Belief on the Elementry Teachersâ Happiness in the Working Environment
fatemeh bahrinajafy Ebrahim mirshahjafari

This study was aimed to investigate the effect of various aspects of religious belief including rituals, emotional and consequential aspects on the happiness of elementary teachers in the working environment. This was a descriptive correlational study. The population un More

This study was aimed to investigate the effect of various aspects of religious belief including rituals, emotional and consequential aspects on the happiness of elementary teachers in the working environment. This was a descriptive correlational study. The population under study consisted of 690 teachers in district 2 of the Ministry of Education and Training of Isfahan. From among them, 250 teachers through random stratified sampling were selected. The instruments were the Religion Assessment questionnaire (by Serajzadeh, 1998) taken from Stark and Glark measuring four dimensions (beliefs, rituals, emotional and consequential aspects) and the Oxford Happiness questionnaire (by Argyle, 1990). Data were analyzed through Pearson correlation coefficient and stepwise regression analysis. It was found that the relationship between ritual and consequential aspects with happiness was significant. (P<0.001) Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

33 - Predicting the Tendency to High Risk behaviors based on Religious Beliefs, Emotion Seeking, Environmental Polution and Media among Female Students
Hossein Ali mehrabi fahimeh mahmoodi Hossein Molavi

The purpose of this study was to predict the tendency of high risk behaviors based on religious beliefs, emotion seeking, environmental polution and media in female university students. The population included all female students at the University of Isfahan. Thus, in a More

The purpose of this study was to predict the tendency of high risk behaviors based on religious beliefs, emotion seeking, environmental polution and media in female university students. The population included all female students at the University of Isfahan. Thus, in a correlational research design, 290 students were randomly selected and were assessed by Iranian Adolescents Risk Taking Scale (IADS), the Questionnaire for Measurement Rate of Use of Media (elyasi, 1393), Emotion Seeking Scale (Zukerman), Questionnaire of  Religious Beliefs (Keshavarz & et al., 1389), a researcher-made scale for environmental pollution, and the Demographic Questionnaire. Results of Pearson correlation showed that religious beliefs, emotion seeking, squalor milieu, age of testees had significant relationship with high risk behaviors. In addition results of hierarchical  regression showed that from among first rank variables, doing the religious rituals, uninhibition, squalor milieu, the use of virtual and social network; and from among second rank variables parents age can predict 54.9 % of tendency to high risk behaviors in female students(p<0.01). Manuscript profile

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34 - Comparing Irrational Beliefs in Patients with Crystal Abuse Disorder and Ordinary People
maryam ghorbani hamid kazemi zahrani Tahere ghorbani

The purpose of this study was to comparing irrational beliefs in patients with crystal abuse disorder and ordinary people. So firstly, 36 subjects were selected from Isfahan psycho neurology clients by access sampling method. Control group consisted of 36 students and More

The purpose of this study was to comparing irrational beliefs in patients with crystal abuse disorder and ordinary people. So firstly, 36 subjects were selected from Isfahan psycho neurology clients by access sampling method. Control group consisted of 36 students and e mployee of Isfahan Payam Noor University that were selected by simple random method and matching criteria of age, gender and educational level. After selecting subjects, Jones irrational thought test was performed on them. The results were analyzed by ttest for independent groups, it was specified that the group misusing crystal has more irrational beliefs than control group. Also scores of sick group relative to control group is higher in subtests with anxiety about future (AO), avoiding from problems (PA), dependence (D), and disability relative to change (HC) (P < 0.05) . Manuscript profile

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35 - The Relationship between Interpersonal Trusts,Forgiveness, Self-Efficacy and Religiosity with Procedural and Distributive Beliefs of a Just World
محمد اکبری محسن گلپرور منوچهر کامکار محسن گلپرور منوچهر کامکار

This study was conducted to examine the relationship between interpersonal trust, self-efficacy, religiosity and forgiveness with procedural and distributive beliefs of a just world. For this purpose, of a statistical population of in isfahan, some were selected to re More

This study was conducted to examine the relationship between interpersonal trust, self-efficacy, religiosity and forgiveness with procedural and distributive beliefs of a just world. For this purpose, of a statistical population of in isfahan, some were selected to respond in several stages of sampling to the research questionnaire and measured using Pearson’s correlation coefficient, by regression concurrent and stepwise anlysis by regression. Out of all the research variables for concurrent regression , only interpersonal trust a signification predictability of a procedural beliefs of a just world and interpersonal trust, Self-efficacy and high power a significant predictability of a distributive belief of a just world. In the step-by- step regression, firstly interpersonal trust and secondly high power were significantly predictive of the procedural beliefs of a just world in the step-by-step, in the firstly step , Interpersonal trust , secondly high power, thirdly self-efficacy fourthly other forgiveness and fifthly self-forgiveness were significantly predicative of the distributive beliefs of a just world. Manuscript profile

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36 - Relation between Just World Beliefs for Selfand Others With General Health, LifeSatisfaction, Positive and Negative Affectand Automatic Thoughts
محسن گلپرور محسن گلپرور منوچهر کامکار منوچهر کامکار سارا جوادی

Abstract The purpose of this research was investigating relationship between just world beliefs with general health, life satisfaction, positive and negative affect and automatic thoughts. In this regard, from statistical population (total of males and females habitan More

Abstract The purpose of this research was investigating relationship between just world beliefs with general health, life satisfaction, positive and negative affect and automatic thoughts. In this regard, from statistical population (total of males and females habitants in Isfahan) persons for answer to the research questionnaires randomly selected with using multi-stage sampling. Five questionnaires used in this research: general health (with four subscales), life satisfaction, positive and negative affect, automatic thoughts and just world beliefs for self and others. The data analyzed with using Pearson's correlation coefficient and enter and stepwise regression analysis. The results showed that, there is negative significant correlation between general health subscales and life satisfaction with just world beliefs for self and others (P < ). The another section of results showed that there is negative significant correlation between positive affect with just world beliefs for self and others but positive significant correlation between negative affect and just world beliefs for self and other ( P < ). Also automatic thoughts have positive significant correlation with just world beliefs for self and others (P < ). The results of enter regression analysis showed that from total of research variables, only life satisfaction have predictive power for prediction of just world beliefs for self and others. Also stepwise regression analysis showed that from total of research variables, only life satisfaction and depression have predictive power for prediction of just world beliefs for self and others. Manuscript profile

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37 - The Role of Self-efficacy Beliefs and the Achievement Motivation in Prediction of Test Anxiety among Primary Students with Learning Disabilities
Roghayeh Alaei Khoraem Sarah Alaei Khoraem Ezatollah Ghadampour

The purpose of this study was to determine role of self-efficacy beliefs and achievement motivation in predicting test anxiety in students with learning disabilities. This research is a correlation study. From among all students of primary school (girl and boy) with lea More

The purpose of this study was to determine role of self-efficacy beliefs and achievement motivation in predicting test anxiety in students with learning disabilities. This research is a correlation study. From among all students of primary school (girl and boy) with learning disabilities in Ardabil in 2015, and using a stratified sampling procedure a sample of 60 students with LD was selected. Data were collected using general self-efficacy questionnaire of Scharer and et al. and achievement motivation questionnaire (AMQ) of Hermans and Ahvaz test anxiety inventory. The result of inter regression showed that self-efficacy and achievement motivation explained 43 percent of variance of test anxiety in students with LD. The result indicated that strength of self-efficacy beliefs and high levels of achievement motivation increases test anxiety in students with LD. The findings imply that improvement of self-efficacy beliefs and achievement motivation should be important in the educational and counseling services provided for students with LD. Manuscript profile

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38 - The Effect of Humanistic Group Training on Male Relationship Beliefs
marzieh moshtaghi sayyed hamid atashpour asghar aghaeia sayyed farid allameh

This study examined the effectiveness of humanistic group training on men`s relationship beliefs in Isfahan in 2012(1391s.c.) . This is a semi-empirical study consisting of a pre-test and a post-test in which three Groups including a control group were investigated. T More

This study examined the effectiveness of humanistic group training on men`s relationship beliefs in Isfahan in 2012(1391s.c.) . This is a semi-empirical study consisting of a pre-test and a post-test in which three Groups including a control group were investigated. The research sample was randomly chosen from 114 applicants of group training and were randomly assingned into three groups. The first group consisted of 30 husbands who participated with their wives the second group consisted of 30 husbands who participated alone, without their wives and the third group consisted of 30 husbands as the control group. All the three groups were first tested by Relationship Beliefs Inventory (RBI)( Eidelson & Epstien, 1982), as pre-tests . The first two experimental groups were instructed through group trainings of transactional behavior analysis in 10 sessions, and then they were tested with RBI at the post-test stage. Multivariate analysis of covariance and Post Hoc bonferroni Test were used to analyze the data. The results showed that the mean of relationship beliefs of men in the first group was significantly lower than that of the control group . There was a significant difference between the relationship beliefs of men of the first group and the men of the second group and also the mean of men in the second group was significantly lower than that of the control group(p < 0.01). Humanitarianism approach is a good way to improve the relationship beliefs and the mean of the control group was greater than the mean of the experimental groups. This approach is the best ways to improve relations and reduce damaging relationships in the family. Manuscript profile

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39 - The Clarification of Contribution of Meta-Cognitive BelieFs in Explaining the Symptoms of Depression, Anxiety and Stress in Nurses
sepideh purnamdarian behrooz birashk ali asghar asghar nejad farid

The purpose of this study was to clarify the contribution of meta-cognitive beliefs in explaining the symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress. Method of research was correlation, and the research population consisted of nurses who were employed by and working for B More

The purpose of this study was to clarify the contribution of meta-cognitive beliefs in explaining the symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress. Method of research was correlation, and the research population consisted of nurses who were employed by and working for Be’sat hospital in Hamadan. Therefore 120 nurses of this hospital were selected by the help of the method of Random sampling . Participants are surveyed using a short meta-cognitive questionnaire (MCQ-30) (Wells and Cartwright - Hutton, 2004) and a short form of depression, anxiety and stress scales (DASS-21), (Anthony et al, 1998). In order to predict the contribution of meta-cognitive beliefs, Multivariate regression analysis was applied using stepwise and using the software SPSS 16 analysis. Results show that, among the subscales of meta-cognitive beliefs, variable of uncontrollability has a major part in explaining the symptoms of depression. Thereafter, it was needed to control the thoughts and Cognitive confidence which had the most contribution in predicting symptoms of depression . Concerning the anxiety and stress variables, uncontrollability had the most effective role in predicting the symptoms of anxiety and stress (P < 0.01). Findings of this study show that meta cognitive beliefs, especially negative beliefs associated with the uncontrollable and the need to control thoughts, are the best predictor for depression, anxiety and stress. Also, the approaches of this study support the meta-cognitive model of depression and anxiety and its role in reducing symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress. Manuscript profile

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40 - Predicting Mental Health Based on Irrational Beliefs of Regular and Special Primary School Teachers of Yazd, Iran
کاظم برزگر بفرویی زهرا گنجی

This study aimed at predicting mental health based on irrational beliefs of regular and special primary school teachers of Yard, Iran. A correlational method was used and the population comprised all teachers of ordinary and special primary school of Yard in 2013. The s More

This study aimed at predicting mental health based on irrational beliefs of regular and special primary school teachers of Yard, Iran. A correlational method was used and the population comprised all teachers of ordinary and special primary school of Yard in 2013. The sample consisted of 60 teachers of exceptional schools and 60 teachers of ordinary schools who were censured orderly and were determined available by sampling method. For data collection, the questionnaires of irrational believes of Jones (1969) and Goldberg (1979) mental health were used. The statistical instrument was multivariable regression. Results confirmed the research hypotheses. It was shown that there was a significant difference between irrational beliefs and mental health of ordinary and special primary school teachers. Regression analysis showed that irrational beliefs, demand for others’ approval, tendency to blame, avoiding possible problems in ordinary school teachers, and perfectionism have the potential for predicting special school teachers’ mental health. Mean scores of special school teachers was higher than ordinary school teachers (P<0.001). According to the obtained results we can predict that changing special school teachers’ irrational beliefs will help changes in their behavior, social adjustment, and their better mental health. Manuscript profile

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41 - The effects of implicit theories of intelligence on general self-efficacy in university students:The mediating role of self-evaluative and conscientious perfectionism components
Majid Ghaffari Neda Safari

10.30486/jsrp.2018.543226

The aim of this study was to test a conceptual model for the mediating role of perfectionism in the effects ofimplicit theories of intelligence on general self-efficacy in university students. A sample of three hundred and eighty-two (20.40 ± 1.84 years, range: 1 More

The aim of this study was to test a conceptual model for the mediating role of perfectionism in the effects ofimplicit theories of intelligence on general self-efficacy in university students. A sample of three hundred and eighty-two (20.40 ± 1.84 years, range: 18-23) girl students was selected randomly through multi-stage cluster sampling from University of Mazandaran, and filled the Implicit Theories of Intelligence Scale (ITIS; Abd-El-Fattah & Yates, 2006), the Perfectionism Inventory (PI; Hill, et al., 2004), and the General Self-Efficacy Scale (Sherer, et al., 1982). Using Maximum-Likelihood estimation and bootstrapping procedure, the results from structural equation modeling showed that the direct effects of incrementalimplicitbelieves on organization, planfulness, and striving for excellence, and entity implicit believes on concern over mistakes and need for approval were positive and statistically significant.Also, organization, planfulness, and striving for excellence (components of conscientious perfectionism) mediated the effect of incremental implicit believes on general self-efficacy components. Concern over mistakes and need for approval (components of self-evaluative perfectionism) mediated the effect of entity implicit believes on general self-efficacy components (p< 0.05). Manuscript profile

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42 - The Moderating Role of Religious Beliefs on the Relationship between Nursesâ Job stress and General Health
علی مهداد علی اسدی محسن گل پرور

The main purpose of this research was to study the moderating effect of the religious beliefs on the relationship between job stress and mental health among nurses in two main hospitals of Nadjafabad. The research method was descriptive correlational and the population More

The main purpose of this research was to study the moderating effect of the religious beliefs on the relationship between job stress and mental health among nurses in two main hospitals of Nadjafabad. The research method was descriptive correlational and the population of the research included all nurses working in these two hospitals. The sample comprised 182 subjects who were selected via stratified random selection. In this research a set of questionnaires were used namely, Muslim Religious Beliefs (Serajzade, 1998), Health and Safety Executive Job Stress (HSE, 1990) and Mental Health (GHQ, 1979). Results were analyzed by Pearson’s correlation coefficient and Hierarchical Moderated Regression Analysis. The results showed that there was a positive significant relationship (P≤0.05) between the dimensions of job stress and mental health (somatic, anxiety and depression symptoms) and also religious beliefs (emotional). Moreover, there was a significant relationship between religious beliefs and anxiety symptoms (P≤0.05). Furthermore, results of hierarchical moderated regression analysis showed that religious beliefs were able to moderate the relationship between demand, co-worker’s support, and social performance deficiency symptoms of mental health. Manuscript profile

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43 - Prediction of Elementary School Student’s Machiavellian Beliefs by Parenting Styles The Prediction of Machiavellian beliefs of elementary students based on parenting styles
zahra eshami chehrazi Maryam Ghorbani Asghar Aghaei

10.30486/jsrp.2018.543221

The purpose of this research was to explore the role of the children's Machiavellian beliefs in predicting parenting styles. The research method was descriptive statistical population included all fourth and fifth grade elementary school students and their mothers in th More

The purpose of this research was to explore the role of the children's Machiavellian beliefs in predicting parenting styles. The research method was descriptive statistical population included all fourth and fifth grade elementary school students and their mothers in the academic year in Isfahan in 2014-2015. Therefore 361 (177 boys and 184 girls) elementary school students and their mothers were selected as the sample using cluster random sampling from the five areas of education.Research tools included Parenting Styles Questionnaire (Baumrind, 1972) and Machiavellian Beliefs Scale for Children (Christie & Geis, 1970).The data was analyzed using by stepwise regression. The results of regression analysis showed that authoritarian parenting style is 16% can predict Machiavellian beliefs in this level (p< 0.01). According to the results of this study can be said the authoritarian parenting style has a negative effect on children’s Cognitive development and their social behaviors because of its authoritarian governing structure, lack of discussion, and Lack of attention to children's needs. Manuscript profile

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44 - The Mediating Role of Study Skills in the Effect of Academic Self-Efficacy,Epistemological Beliefs and Academic Anxiety on cademic Performance of Middle School Students
Tohid Ashrafzade Ali Issazadegan Farzane Michaeeli Manee

10.30486/jsrp.2018.545642

This study examined the mediating role of study skills in the effect ofacademic self-efficacy, epistemological beliefs and academic anxiety on academic performance of first middle school students Orumieh city in the academic year 2015-2016. This study was descriptive (n More

This study examined the mediating role of study skills in the effect ofacademic self-efficacy, epistemological beliefs and academic anxiety on academic performance of first middle school students Orumieh city in the academic year 2015-2016. This study was descriptive (non-experimental) and studydesign was correlational plans type of the structural equations. Statistical population of the study formed all of first middle school students of Orumieh in 2015-2016 years of academic. Sampling was cluster random and determination the sample size for each of the sub-variable were considered 20 samples and 350 persons were selected as the study sample .The instruments were: Academic Self-Efficacy Scale (Patrick, Hicks & Ryan, 1997), Epistemological Beliefs Scale (Schommer, 1991), Academic Anxiety Scale (Alpert & Haber, 1960), Study Skills Scale (Congos, 2009) and to measure academic performance of students the grade point average in the first academic semester 2015-2016 was used. Structural equation modeling was used to assess the structural effects of academic self-efficacy, epistemological beliefs, academic anxiety and study skills onacademic performance. The results of structural equation modeling revealed that study skills and academic self-efficacy directly affect the academic performance of students (p<0/01). Also the results revealed that academic self-efficacy and epistemological beliefs indirectly and through study skills affect the academic performance of students (p<0/01). Manuscript profile

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45 - Divorce prediction based on individual beliefs of personality, basic needs and traps of life
Feizollah Rahimi hamid atashpuor Mohsen Golparvar

10.30486/jsrp.2019.665273

The purpose of this research was Divorce prediction based on individual beliefs of personality, basic needs and traps of life. In this study, the path-based correlation method was used to explain the chain and multilevel patterns correlations. The statistical population More

The purpose of this research was Divorce prediction based on individual beliefs of personality, basic needs and traps of life. In this study, the path-based correlation method was used to explain the chain and multilevel patterns correlations. The statistical population included all couples applying for divorce in the winter of 2018 in Isfahan city . A sample of 329 subjects (178 women and 151 men) were selected by available sampling method. The research instrument were: Personality Belief Questionnaire (Beck, 2015), Adaptive basic needs Inventory (Sahebi,1390), Life Tra (Young, 1994), Divorce Desire Questionnaire. For analyzing the data, descriptive statistics and regression analysis were analyzed using SPSS software version 22 and a significant level of P≤0.05 was considered.The results of regression analysis showed that among all the predictive variables used in this study, the individual beliefs of the personality (β =-. 199), the intensity of the need for Fun & enjoyment (β = -.162), and the Entitlement & Grandiosity of life (β=-.142) is able to explain 61.5% of the tendency to divorce variance (p≤0.05). Overall, the results of this study show that in order to manage and control the desire to divorce, divorce prevention process is required to emphasize the role of individual beliefs in Histrionic Personality, the Fun & enjoyment, and the trap of, Entitlement & Grandiosity. Manuscript profile

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46 - Effect of treatment based on Olson’s Circumplex Model on emotional divorce, relationship beliefs, Stress- Anxiety- Depression among couples exposed to emotional divorce
sanaz khodadust hossein ebrahimi moghaddam khadije abolmaali

10.30486/jsrp.2020.584342.1681

This research was conducted aiming at determining the effect of Olson’s Circumplex Model onemotional divorce, relational beliefs, Stress- Anxiety- Depressionamong couples exposed to emotional divorce. The study was a semi-experimental research of pretest-posttest More

This research was conducted aiming at determining the effect of Olson’s Circumplex Model onemotional divorce, relational beliefs, Stress- Anxiety- Depressionamong couples exposed to emotional divorce. The study was a semi-experimental research of pretest-posttest type with a control group. 16 couples were selected among all couples with irrational relation that seeking a couple’s therapy reffered to Dr. Hosein Ebrahimi Moghaddam's clinic in the year 95-96, they were selected by using available sampling method. After the interview, they were assigned to two experimental and control groups (two groups of 8couples). The intervention based on Olson Model was held at 10 sessions of 90 minutes. Before and after training, Emotional Divorce scale (Gottman, 2000), Relational Beliefs inventory Eidelson& Epstein, (1982) and Depression- Anxiety- Stress Scale (Lovibond& Lovibond, 1995) were used and data were analyzed by covariance analysis. The results showed a significant difference in emotional separation, dysfunctional components of Disagreement is destructive, Mind reding is expected, Partner can not change also anxiety and depression (P <0.05). There was no significant difference in Sexual perfectionism, the sexual are different and stress variable. The findings showed this method has improved relationships between couples, a sense of intimacy and satisfaction, and reduced psychological stress. Manuscript profile

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47 - The role of Meta-Cognitive Beliefs and thoughts control strategies in predicting the symptoms of social anxiety in university students
Sima Ferdowsi Zahra Babaei Samaneh Behzadpoor

10.30486/jsrp.2019.548577.

The aim of this research was to study The role of Meta-Cognitive Beliefs and thoughts control strategies in predicting the symptoms of social anxiety in university students The statistical population included all university students in the academic year of 2015-2016 in More

The aim of this research was to study The role of Meta-Cognitive Beliefs and thoughts control strategies in predicting the symptoms of social anxiety in university students The statistical population included all university students in the academic year of 2015-2016 in Esfahan University. The research sample consisted of 400 university students who were selected by stratified sampling method. Social Phobia Inventory (Connor, Davidson & Churchill, 2000) Met-cognition Questionnaire (Wells & Cart Wright-Hatton, 2004) and Thought Control Questionnaire (Wells & Davis, 1996) were used to gather data. Data were analyzed by stepwise regression analyses. the results of stepwise regression analyses indicated that among Meta-Cognitive Beliefs, negative beliefs about worry and cognitive confidence and among thoughts control strategies, worry, punishment and social control can predict the symptoms of social anxiety significantly (P>0/05).So, the findings support the meta-cognitive model of anxiety and it seem that changing the meta-cognitive beliefs and thoughts control strategies can reduce the symptom of social anxiety. Manuscript profile

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48 - The effectiveness of treatment based on acceptance and commitment (ACT) therapy on ineffective communication beliefs and marital adjustment of discordant women
maryam akhavan gholami mozhgan hayati

10.30486/jsrp.2019.564265.1265

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of admission and commitment therapy on ineffective communication beliefs and marital adjustment of incompatible women. The research design was semi experimental design with pretest-post test with control gro More

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of admission and commitment therapy on ineffective communication beliefs and marital adjustment of incompatible women. The research design was semi experimental design with pretest-post test with control group. The statistical population were all of women with marital conflict and marital conflicts referred to the Razi Counseling Center of Karaj in the summer of 1396. From this population, 30 subject were selected through available sampling method and placed in two experimental and control groups (15). The experimental group received acceptance and commitment treatment in eight 90-minute treatment sessions. The instrument of measurement in this study was the Communicational Beliefs Questionnaire (Idlerson and Epstein, 1981) and Marital Adjustment Questionnaire (Spinner, 1976). In order to analyze the data, multivariate analysis of covariance was used with SPSS (24). Findings showed that acceptance and commitment therapy had a significant effect on the dimensions of communication beliefs (Dissolving Opposition Belief, Invariability in Spouse, Belief in Anticipation of Mind, Belief in Sexual Perfectionism and Belief in Gender Differences) and Marital Satisfaction (Couple Satisfaction, Pair dependence, Pair Agreement, Affection) (p <0.05). Manuscript profile

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49 - Structural model of the relationship between academic identity and academic performance mediated by self-regulated learning strategies and motivational beliefs in female high school students
Zahra Torkzadeh Arani Reza Jafari Harandi Susan Bahrami

10.30486/jsrp.2021.1877706.2030

The purpose of this study was to model the structural relationship between academic identity and academic performance by mediating self-regulated learning strategies and motivational beliefs in students. This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-corre More

The purpose of this study was to model the structural relationship between academic identity and academic performance by mediating self-regulated learning strategies and motivational beliefs in students. This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-correlational in terms of method. The statistical population of this study consisted of 21940 female high school students in the four education districts of Qom who were studying in the 2018-19 academic year. The sampling method in the present study is multi-stage cluster sampling. Thus, first, the four education districts of Qom were considered as four clusters, then one school was selected from each district and three classes from each school. Finally, the sample size of this research was based on Krejcie, Morgan and Kohan table and according to the size of the population, it included 378 students. In this study, the questionnaire (questionnaire of academic identity status questionnaire (Was & Isaacson, 2008) and self-regulated learning strategies questionnaire (Pintrich & Degroot, 1990), which was designed by 5 Likert method, was used) Self-regulated learning strategies and motivational beliefs were used to collect data related to academic identity variables, and the average scores of students in the second semester were used for the academic performance variable. All statistical analyzes have been performed by structural equation modeling with partial least squares approach. Findings indicate a positive and significant effect of academic identity on academic performance directly. On the other hand, the effect of academic identity on academic performance indirectly and mediated by self-regulated learning strategies and motivational beliefs is also positive and significant. Manuscript profile

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50 - Iranian EFL Teachers’ Beliefs and Practices on Effective Teaching: The Case of Gender and Level of Experience
Mahsa Shahvand Ehsan Rezvani

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51 - Oral Communication Strategies Used by Iranian EFL Learners and their Relationship with the Learners’ Self-efficacy Beliefs and Anxiety Level
Servat Shirkhani Effat Alsadat Mir Mohammad Meigouni

10.30486/relp.2019.669075

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52 - Tracking Modifications of Iranian EFL Teachers’ Pedagogical Beliefs in Interaction between a Pre-Service Teacher Training Program and Teaching Practices
Parisa Etela Hossein Saadabadi Motlagh Saeed Yazdani

10.30486/relp.2023.1977663.1432

Recently, the sources of teachers’ beliefs and modifications in their beliefs have received special attention; therefore, this longitudinal study investigated Iranian EFL teachers’ pedagogical beliefs. The study attempted to track possible alterations in pedagogical bel More

Recently, the sources of teachers’ beliefs and modifications in their beliefs have received special attention; therefore, this longitudinal study investigated Iranian EFL teachers’ pedagogical beliefs. The study attempted to track possible alterations in pedagogical beliefs after participating in a two-year teacher training program and following teaching practices. Through convenient sampling, the researchers selected 24 Iranian EFL teacher students who had teaching experiences of 3-10 years at Islamic Azad University; Shiraz Branch. They collected the required data through a teacher belief questionnaire and a semi-structured interview. The results of both quantitative and qualitative data indicated that teaching practices made a unique influence on the modifications in teachers’ pedagogical beliefs. In other words, the results emphasized the power of teaching practice in any modification in teachers’ beliefs over theoretical teaching. These findings have important implications for teacher educators who seek to modify teachers’ beliefs during teacher training programs. Manuscript profile

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53 - Is task-based language teaching in evidence in tertiary level English as an additional language? An exploration into teachers’ practices related to task uses
Ling Ling Guan

10.30486/relp.2021.1933795.1292

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54 - The relationship between spiritual intelligence, philosophical and religious beliefs mentality of high school female students in Tehran
Fateme Daneshi Lisar AliAkbar Khosravi Babadi

10.30486/jsre.2018.542526

This study examines the relationship between spiritual intelligence, philosophical and religious beliefs mentality of high school female students in Tehran using cluster sampling, 200 female high school students in Tehran were selected. Three questionnaires were used to More

This study examines the relationship between spiritual intelligence, philosophical and religious beliefs mentality of high school female students in Tehran using cluster sampling, 200 female high school students in Tehran were selected. Three questionnaires were used to collect information King Spiritual Intelligence (2008), philosophical mindset and questionnaire religious beliefs was used. The data obtained were analyzed using t-test and multivariate regression analysis, Results showed that between spiritual intelligence, philosophical mindset there are significant correlations with religious beliefs. So that 45% of religious beliefs can be explained through Spiritual Intelligence. On the other hand 47% of the variance religious beliefs can be explained by the philosophical mindset. In the end, to provide valuable practical suggestions are provided with educational practitioners. Manuscript profile

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55 - Investigation the relationship between beliefs and components of constructivism in mathematics classroom environment
Fatemeh Ahmadpour Mobarakeh Mohammad Reza Fadaee Abolfazl Rafeipour

Mathematics teachers' philosophy and view about the nature of mathematics play a vital role in their schema of the teaching and learning process and this influence on quality of instructional directly. The aim of this research is to describe and identify the major belie More

Mathematics teachers' philosophy and view about the nature of mathematics play a vital role in their schema of the teaching and learning process and this influence on quality of instructional directly. The aim of this research is to describe and identify the major beliefs of constructivist mathematics teachers. The beliefs of 5 secondary mathematics teachers were investigated carefully, and also evaluated the extent of consistency of their classroom environments with principles of constructivism in the study. The instruments of data collecting were beliefs survey questionnaires, survey questionnaire of construction oriented classroom environment, semi-structured interviews and classroom observation. Data were summarized and structured by content analysis method. The results of data relating to 5 teachers showed that 2 of them had the most consistent between classroom environments and constructivism principles. Investigating these 2 teachers' beliefs led to identification of 6 core beliefs that are consistent with constructivism principles. Manuscript profile

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56 - The Role of Irrational Beliefs and Aggression on Academic Performance of Grade Male Students in Tabriz High Schools
Mokhtar Motamedin Gholam Hossein Ebadi

Abstract The aim of this study was to examination the Role of Irrational Beliefs and Aggression on Academic Performance of Grade male Students at Tabriz High Schools. The subjects were 240 Grade Male Students at Tabriz High Schools that selected multi-stage randomly More

Abstract The aim of this study was to examination the Role of Irrational Beliefs and Aggression on Academic Performance of Grade male Students at Tabriz High Schools. The subjects were 240 Grade Male Students at Tabriz High Schools that selected multi-stage randomly. For addition the data, it used from Irrational Beliefs and Aggression Questioners, and the Mean's of students as Academic Performance. The data was analyzed by Pearson's correlation and multiple regressions. The resulte`s showed that there is significant positive relationship between Irrational Beliefs and Aggression (p < 0.001 , r = 0.74), and Irrational Beliefs has significant negative relationship with academic performance (p < 0.003 , r =-0.61 ). There is significant negative relationship between aggression and students academic performance (p < 0.005 , t =-0.52 ). And the predictor variables in this study, Irrational Beliefs and Aggression each of them have a role in order to predict of students academic performance. Finally, multiple regression coefficients with phases method showed that the collection of predict variables have relationship with students academic performance and predict it, but Irrational Beliefs variable has most role at variance explanation of academic performance ratio to aggression variable Manuscript profile

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57 - The relationship between implicit beliefs of intelligence, achievement goal orientation with academic procrastination in Tabriz University students
skandar Fathi azar rahim badri gargari manizheh khani

This study determined the relationship between implicit beliefs of intelligence and achievement goal orientation with academic procrastination. For this purpose, using a stratified random method, 384 students were selected from all of the undergraduate students of Tabri More

This study determined the relationship between implicit beliefs of intelligence and achievement goal orientation with academic procrastination. For this purpose, using a stratified random method, 384 students were selected from all of the undergraduate students of Tabriz University (11200 students). Data were gathered by these questionnaires academic procrastination assessment scale, implicit beliefs of intelligence, and achievement goal orientation. Data obtained using Pearson's correlation test, and t test for independent groups were analyzed in SPSS software. The results showed that there was there is a significant relationship between implicit beliefs of intelligence (inherent and additive), goal orientations (mastery- approach, performance- avoidance, mastery- avoidance) and except the performance- approach, with academic procrastination. Finally, the results showed there was not any significant difference between males and females in academic procrastination. Also the 41 percent of the students have high and very high procrastination. Manuscript profile

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58 - The Relationship between Socioeconomic Status and Students' Beliefs and Values with Attitude toward Mathematical Math with the mediating Role of School Culture and the Process of Mathematical Education
ali nasrani behrang esmaeili shad mahboube soleimanpour omran

10.30486/jsre.2019.554211.1003

The purpose of study was to investigate the relationship between socioeconomic status and students' beliefs and values on the attitude toward mathematical education with emphasis on the role of the intermediate elements of school culture and the process of mathematical More

The purpose of study was to investigate the relationship between socioeconomic status and students' beliefs and values on the attitude toward mathematical education with emphasis on the role of the intermediate elements of school culture and the process of mathematical education. Methodological research is descriptive of correlation type. The statistical population includes 200 secondary boy of Ashkhaneh city. The sample was 132 according to the Coquran formula. The sampling method was stratified. Data collected with epistemological beliefs questionnaire Schommer (1990), Socio-Economic of Ghodrat Nama (2013), Alsnadro school culture and Sade (1997), Learning Process Questionnaire Tomlinson (2001), Pahlevan attitude to mathematical lessons (2007). The reliability was Face and Content and validity of the Socio-Economic 0.774, 0.704 beliefs and values of students, teaching process 0.701, 0.739 school culture and attitude towards mathematics is 0.778. Results showed there is a significant relationship between socioeconomic status and students 'beliefs and values on the attitude toward mathematical education, with emphasis on the intermediate role of school culture. Between socioeconomic status, students' beliefs and values, school culture, educational process with attitude to the lesson there is a significant relationship between mathematics and socioeconomic status with emphasis on the role of the intermediate elements of school culture and the process of teaching and attitudes toward mathematics in students and there is a significant relationship between students' beliefs and values with emphasis on the role of the intermediate elements of school culture and process teaching and attitudes to maths there is a significant relationship. Manuscript profile

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59 - The Effect of Beliefs in Figuration Religious Buildings in Safavid Era in Esfahan (Case Study: Comparative Study of Hakim Mosque & Bethlehem Church)
Seyedeh Marzieh Tabaeian Meghedy Khodabakhshian

10.30486/pia.2023.1985223.1033

Architecture and urban spaces undoubtedly bear the influence of religious and national beliefs within a country. This paper aims to investigate the impact of national and religious beliefs as principal factors in shaping religious buildings during the Safavid era. While More

Architecture and urban spaces undoubtedly bear the influence of religious and national beliefs within a country. This paper aims to investigate the impact of national and religious beliefs as principal factors in shaping religious buildings during the Safavid era. While some insights can be gleaned from historical sources, there is a lack of comparative analysis regarding the influence of different religions on architectural design. To address this gap, the study focuses on two religious buildings from the same period but representing distinct religious beliefs: the Bethlehem Church and the Hakim Mosque in Esfahan. By utilizing existing resources such as books, articles, and personal site observations, the study examines the role of "color," "ornamentation," and "light" as significant factors within the context of the "Esfahan School." Furthermore, it investigates the spatial positioning and hierarchy in these two comparative case studies. The objective of this paper is to explore how popular beliefs influence these architectural elements and investigate them through a comparative approach. Ultimately, the study aims to identify commonalities and differences in the underlying mental foundations of the creators behind these buildings, emphasizing the impressionability of architectural features resulting from national and religious beliefs. Manuscript profile

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60 - Impact of the Koranic, Islamic, and Mystical Trainings on Social Life Style
Rahmat Razaghi Mohsen Nouraii Zeinabolsadat Hosseini Mohsen Mousavi Hasan Bagherzadeh khojasteh

Islamic communities are infected with severe combination of mind and behavior. After a few centuries of development in civilization of Islamic communities, invasion of various enemies and outbreak of successive wars, and internal clashes as well as excommunication of Mu More

Islamic communities are infected with severe combination of mind and behavior. After a few centuries of development in civilization of Islamic communities, invasion of various enemies and outbreak of successive wars, and internal clashes as well as excommunication of Muslims by some Islamic faiths, the Islamic community went through a regression toward barbarism. This regression came along with acceptance of dominating cultures that revealed its scientific potentiality in material technology during recent centuries and had a remarkable advancement in these arenas. This is how the life style of mind and behavior combination took shape so that not only didn't it bring about development, but it also caused the regression of Islamic communities and domination of enemies of religion and nations. By the study of life style in Islamic communities and the cause of recent problems in the Islamic world, the writer endeavors to account for a solution and try to prove that the only way left is turning back toward Islamic life style via application of the Koranic, Islamic, and mystical teachings. Because the loftiest and most comprehensive life style is a program that is extracted from divine knowledge and revelation teachings. To this end, the educated Muslims have presented their careers in proportion to the philosophical scientific approach and their learnings from Islam and their findings. Amidst these, mystics have also expressed some instructions on achieving spiritual life and optimal living according to their learnings from Islam and their own intuitive and internal findings. It is obvious that life style mostly deals with behavior; however, determining behavior is overshadowed with ideas, beliefs, and findings. Manuscript profile

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61 - A Comparative Study on Status and Holiness of Water in Quran and Islamic Mysticism
Zeinab Salimi Seyed Mohamad Ali Ayazi Kazem Ghazizadeh

The real status of water in the Quran and Mysticism, despite its importance and essential role for human beings and other creatures’ lives, has not been studied comparatively yet. And its main objective in the world and human’s duties towards water have not More

The real status of water in the Quran and Mysticism, despite its importance and essential role for human beings and other creatures’ lives, has not been studied comparatively yet. And its main objective in the world and human’s duties towards water have not been considered properly. This paper aimed to take a look at water’s high status and holiness in mysticism comparing to Quran and ancient beliefs of Iran. Findings revealed that Mystical approach, considers water as a mirror in which, one can look for God. This attitude recalls for water’s presence in spiritual life and asks people to think seriously about water. Ancient beliefs of Iran, also, emphasizes on Water’s holiness in many aspects. On the other hand, water has a high place in Quran and has been introduced as the symbol of cognition, knowledge, and a passage to wisdom and insight. Many sentences and rituals have been mentioned about water and it has been considered as the origin of life, symbol of abundance, blessing, purity, motion, germination and generation.   Manuscript profile

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62 - A study of Manifestation and Functions of Cosmic Music in Thought of Mystics
Saeid Rezaei Mohammadreza Asad Fatemeh Ghahremani

All the myths about music, such as Hermes, Pythagoras, Apollo, etc., indicate the emergence of musical myths. According to these myths, there is a kind of cosmic music, with a metaphysical dimension, which, from the point of view of Indian thinkers, does not lead to any More

All the myths about music, such as Hermes, Pythagoras, Apollo, etc., indicate the emergence of musical myths. According to these myths, there is a kind of cosmic music, with a metaphysical dimension, which, from the point of view of Indian thinkers, does not lead to any innovation, or is reflected by the expansion of a concept by Neoplatonists such as Boethius, all the music of the universe. They are a cosmopolitan music. From this point of view, by liberating music from a one-sided and monologue atmosphere, all beings have a contemporaneous human spirit, as a result of which heavenly songs are flowing in them. Considering the connections between the scope of Islamic mysticism and the science of music, in a study of the functions of cosmic music in various mystical texts, it was observed that cosmic music in topics such as the Old Testament (associating the word of truth with listening to each song and sub-hearing due to divine tendencies, the flow of cosmic music in all beings and its enjoyment in proportion to the capacity and inner states, the background of the intuition of heavenly truths through the music of this world and the prominent manifestation has it. The present study has been descriptive-analytical. Manuscript profile

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63 - Teachers’ Opinions and Practices Regarding Reading Comprehension Classes
Azam Nazari Mohammad Sadegh Bagheri

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64 - Cognizance of Dominant Gender Role Beliefs in Kurdish Culture
Somayeh Yoosefi Abolfazl Farid Rouhollah Mahdiuon

The present study aim was to investigate the attitudes of dominant gender role in Kurdish culture from counselors view point in province of Kurdistan. The participants in this survey included all of the school and the technical counseling clinics counselors in province More

The present study aim was to investigate the attitudes of dominant gender role in Kurdish culture from counselors view point in province of Kurdistan. The participants in this survey included all of the school and the technical counseling clinics counselors in province of Kurdistan. So to select the sample, the convenience sampling method was used. Since the sampling standard in qualitative surveys is data saturation, 28 counselors participated in this survey. The study was qualitative regarding content analysis. Data were collected through a researchers' initiated questionnaire and were analyzed using the open and axial coding. For determining content and face validity, the measuring tool was professors' ideas and for determining qualitative validity, the researcher self-reviewing techniques were used and for determining qualitative survey reliability of comments coders and amount interceder agreement in coding data and determine categories, were used. The results led to the identification of five main categories (characters, relationships, work, work and social obligations, social and cultural structures) and nineteen subcategories that any of which contained secondary topics. Opinions expressed in the category of character categories and sub-categories of cognitive, behavioral and social responsibility were among beliefs expressed by most of counselors and were mentioned and beliefs expressed in social and cultural structures categories had the least amount of frequency. Manuscript profile

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65 - The Relations of Adherence to Islamic Beliefs and Affective Family Climate with Identity Crisis among the Female Students
Fatemeh Sadat Marashian Sahar Safarzadeh

The aim of the present study was to investigate the relations of adherence to Islamic beliefs and affective family climate with identity crisis among the female students of Ahvaz Islamic Azad University. The sample of research included 200 subjects who were selected bas More

The aim of the present study was to investigate the relations of adherence to Islamic beliefs and affective family climate with identity crisis among the female students of Ahvaz Islamic Azad University. The sample of research included 200 subjects who were selected based on stratified random sampling. For the measurement of the variables, Adherence to Islamic Beliefs (Navidi, 1998), Affective Family Climate (Hill Burn, 1964), Identity Crisis (Ahmadi, 1998) were used. The research was correlational and data analysis by simple correlation coefficient revealed that there were significant relations between adherence to Islamic beliefs and affective family climate with identity crisis of all the subject students. The results also revealed that among the predictive variables, adherence to Islamic beliefs and affective family climate were significant predictors of the criterion variables that was identity crisis. Manuscript profile

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66 - The Effectiveness of Group Marital Skills Education Based on Acceptance and Commitment Therapy on Woman’s Mental Well-Being, Irrational Communication Beliefs and Intimacy
Hakime Kheiry Mahnaz KhosroJavid Reza Soltani Shal

The goal of this study was evaluating the effectiveness of group marital skills education based on acceptance and commitment therapy on woman’s mental well-being, irrational communication beliefs and intimacy in city of Rasht. The statistical population included a More

The goal of this study was evaluating the effectiveness of group marital skills education based on acceptance and commitment therapy on woman’s mental well-being, irrational communication beliefs and intimacy in city of Rasht. The statistical population included all married women of Rasht city and study’s sample subsumed 30 women who met the inclusion criteria that were selected by judgmental sampling method. The participants were randomly divided into control and experimental groups (15 women per group). The design of this study was quasi-experimental with pretest-posttest and control group. For data gathering the Subjective Well-being Questionnaire (2003), the Communication Beliefs (1988) and the Intimacy Scales (1983), respectively were complemented. The experimental group received marital skills with ACT approach education in ten sessions. Their psychological well-being, communication beliefs and intimacy were evaluated before and after the intervention using the gathered data were analyzes through multivariate analysis of covariance. Data analysis showed that, at post‐intervention, participants revealed significantly higher mental well-being and intimacy and lower irrational communication beliefs. The results revealed that, the acceptance and commitment therapy based group marital skills education affected the mental well-being, communication believes and intimacy among woman (p<0.05). ACT-B-MSE is an effective and acceptable treatment for improving woman’s’ psychological well-being, communication beliefs and intimacy. Manuscript profile

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67 - The Relationship Between Maternal Overprotectiveness in Iranian Cultural and Anxious Beliefs with Child Anxiety: Mediating Role of Positive and Negative Affect
Hossein Rostami Shirin Zeinali Maedeh Sattarinia

https://doi.org/ 10.61186/iau.920649

he main purpose of this study was to study the relationships between maternal over-protection in Iranian culture, mother’s anxious beliefs and child anxiety via mediating role of mother positive and negative affect. The statistical population included all mothers of two More

he main purpose of this study was to study the relationships between maternal over-protection in Iranian culture, mother’s anxious beliefs and child anxiety via mediating role of mother positive and negative affect. The statistical population included all mothers of two to four years old child inhabitants in Urmia and Tabriz in 2021-22 who referred to “Aramesh Andisheshe” and “Aramesh” consultant centers in Urmia and Tabriz respectively. The research sample embraced 225 mothers with their children whom were selected by convenient sampling process. The research method was correlational of path analysis procedure. To collect data Roth Manual of Mother-Child Relationship Evaluation (1961), Spence et al Preschool Anxiety Scale (2001), Francis and Chorpita Parental Beliefs about Anxiety (2010) and Watson et al Positive and Negative Affect Scale (1988) were implemented. Pearson coefficient and path analysis with SPSS and Amos was applied as main statistical procedure to analyze data. The results revealed that there was significant relationship between maternal anxious beliefs, positive and negative affect with child anxiety. Maternal over-protection and anxious beliefs with child anxiety via mediating role of positive and negative affect were also significantly correlated (p<0/001). The model also had optimal goodness of fit. Concerning the findings, the mothers’ psychological characteristics in Iranian culture and culture oriented parenting styles was effective on child anxiety. Manuscript profile

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68 - Effectiveness of Culture- Oriented Schema- Based Pre-Marrital Education on Spouse Choosing Beliefs and Fear of Failure in Marriage in Divorced Parents Single Girls with Abandonment Schema
Maryam Abbaspour Golsefidi Shahnaz Khaleghipour

https://doi.org/10.61186/iau.920748

The research aimed to investigate the effectiveness of culture- oriented schema- based pre-marital education on spouse choosing beliefs and the fear of failure in marriage in divorced- parents single girls with the schema of abandonment. The research design was semi-exp More

The research aimed to investigate the effectiveness of culture- oriented schema- based pre-marital education on spouse choosing beliefs and the fear of failure in marriage in divorced- parents single girls with the schema of abandonment. The research design was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test and follow-up with a control group. The statistical population included the single divorced- parents- girls with the schema of abandonment in Isfahan City. Thirty individuals were selected by convenient sampling method and randomly assigned in two experimental and control groups, 15 subjects each. Young & Brown (1998) Early Maladaptive Schemas Questionnaire- Short Form (EMSQ-SF), Cobb, Larson & Watson (2003) Attitudes about Romance and Mate Selection and Esmaeilpour& Nourmohammadi (2022) Fear of Marriage Questionnaire were administered to the participants. The experimental group was exposed to 8 sessions of 90 minutes of culture- oriented schema- based pre-marital education program, but control group did not receive any. The data were analyzed by repeated measure analysis of variance. The results showed that culture- oriented schema- based pre-marital education had a significant effect on the rejection and abandonment schema, the spouse-selection beliefs including believing in love, experience-centeredness, idealism, contrast-seeking, and easy-to-see, and the variable of fear of marriage in the post-test stage. (p < 0.05). Concerning the results of the research; culture- oriented schema- based pre-marital education was an effective intervention to reduce the ineffective beliefs of choosing a spouse and the fear of marriage among single girls who had divorced parents. Manuscript profile

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69 - The Association of Adherence to Islamic Beliefs and Responsibility with Life Satisfaction in University Students
Hassan Ahadi Nagmeh Nikobakhat

The aim of the present research was to investigate the association of adherence to Islamic beliefs and responsibility with life satisfaction in students of Karaj Islamic Azad University. The sample subsumed 300 subjects (150 male and 150 female) whom were sele More

The aim of the present research was to investigate the association of adherence to Islamic beliefs and responsibility with life satisfaction in students of Karaj Islamic Azad University. The sample subsumed 300 subjects (150 male and 150 female) whom were selected based on stratifed random sampling procedure. Navidi Adherence to Islamic Beliefs Scale (AIBS), Responsibilit  Assessing Scale (RAS) and Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) were utilized as data sources. The research was a correlation study and data analysis was performed by using Pearson correlation coeffcient and multi variants regression. The results at p≤0.0001 showed that adherence to Islamic beliefs and responsibility signifcantly associated with life satisfaction. The outcome also indicated that responsibility was a signifcant predictor for satisfactionwith life. Manuscript profile

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70 - Predicting Marital Satisfaction Over The Relational Belief And Marital Intimacy Variables In Normal And Divorced Women In Mashhad
ملیحه Shahrestany محسن Doustkam حمید Rahbardar علی Mashhadi

The purpose of the current study was to predict marital satisfaction by the relational beliefs and marital intimacy among the normal and divorce women in Mashhad. 125 women who were divorced and 125 women, whose aims were to continue marriage, were participated in the r More

The purpose of the current study was to predict marital satisfaction by the relational beliefs and marital intimacy among the normal and divorce women in Mashhad. 125 women who were divorced and 125 women, whose aims were to continue marriage, were participated in the research as sample group (totally 250 women). All the subjects were asked to fill out the Relationship Belief Inventory (RBI) and Marital Intimacy Questionnaire. Discriminant analysis and descriptive statistics methods were used for analyzing data. Results, confirmed the hypotheses suggesting that marital satisfaction was predictable by the relationship beliefs and marital intimacy variables in both normal and divorce women. Manuscript profile

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71 - Relation between Religious Beliefs and Life Satisfaction among Nurses
Ali Mahdad Ali Asadi

This research was done to examine the  relationship  of religious beliefs with life satisfaction among the Nadjafabad city hospital nurses.182 subjects were drown of the 270  statistical population as sample via convenience sampling. The research method w More

This research was done to examine the  relationship  of religious beliefs with life satisfaction among the Nadjafabad city hospital nurses.182 subjects were drown of the 270  statistical population as sample via convenience sampling. The research method was a descriptive- correlation and a set of questionnaires consisting of Muslims Religious Beliefs Questionnaire and Life Satisfaction Questionnaire (SWLS) were used as data source. Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression analysis were applied as main statistical procedure. The results indicated that there was a significant positive relationship between affective religious beliefs (experimental) and life satisfaction. Moreover the outputs of multiple regression analysis showed that affective religious beliefs (experimental) significantly predicated11.3% of the life satisfaction variance in the under study nurses. Therefore the research concluded that life satisfaction could be increased by suggesting affective religious beliefs.   Manuscript profile

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72 - Relationship of Social Skills and Religious Beliefs with Emotional Divorce on Client Women Referring To Ahvaz Psychological Consultant Centers
Adel Fouji Farah Naderi

  The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between social skills and religious beliefs with emotional divorce on women who referred to psychological consultant centers in Ahwaz city. The sample subsumed 216 female who were selected by convenience s More

  The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between social skills and religious beliefs with emotional divorce on women who referred to psychological consultant centers in Ahwaz city. The sample subsumed 216 female who were selected by convenience sampling procedure. The research was planned as correlation design. To collect data Guttman Emotional Divorce Scale (1995), Social skills Questionnaire (Matson 1983) and Religious Orientation Questionnaire (Alport 1967) were implemented. To analyze data Pearson correlation coefficient and multi variable regression was applied. The results showed that there was negative significant relation between intrinsicc religious orientation  and the emotional divorce. There was not any significant relation between social skills and emotional divorce. The results also indicated that there was a significant positive relationship between extrinsic religious orientation and emotional divorce. The multivariate regression analysis showed that intrinsic religious orientation and social skills respectively predicted  the emotional divorce in women who referred to psychological consultant centers in Ahwaz city. Manuscript profile

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73 - Relationship Of Religious Beliefs, Identity Styles And Personality Traits With Depression Among Female Students
Iran Mehdizadegan Narges Raeesi

The main purpose of this study was to study the relationship between religious beliefs, identity styles and personality traits with depression among female students of Islamic Azad University of Isfahan (Khorasgan). The research method was correlation, and research stat More

The main purpose of this study was to study the relationship between religious beliefs, identity styles and personality traits with depression among female students of Islamic Azad University of Isfahan (Khorasgan). The research method was correlation, and research statistical population included all students of the mentioned population, among them 370 person were selected via multi-stage random cluster sampling and participated in this study. A set of questionnaires included Muslims Religious Beliefs (Serajzadeh, 1377), Identity Style (Berzonsky, 1989), Big Five Factors Personality Traits (NEO-FFI) by Costa and McCrae (1985) and Beck Depression Questionnaire (BDI-II), were used in current study. Data were analyzed by use of Pearson correlation coefficient and multivariable regression analysis . The results showed that there were significant negative relationship between   depression and total religious beliefs and its dimensions( faith, religious emotions, consequence and ritual (P≤0/01)). There were also significant negative relationship between depression and informational identity, normative identity and significant positive relationship with disoriented - avoidance identity (P≤0/01). Moreover, Depression had a significant positive relationship with neuroticism and had significant negative relationship with extroversion, agreeableness, openness to experience and conscientiousness (P≤0/01) as well. Furthermore, results of multivariable regression analysis showed that extraversion, commitment, agreeableness, avoidance, informational and neuroticism were able to predict 91% of depression variance. Manuscript profile

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74 - The Relationship of Religious Beliefs, and Resilience with Optimism In Female High School Students
مرضیه Nasir فرح Naderi

This study examined the relationship between religious beliefs, and resiliency with optimism of students. The statistical population consisted of high school students in Dezful city, of which 300 students were randomly selected via cluster sampling procedure. Tools used More

This study examined the relationship between religious beliefs, and resiliency with optimism of students. The statistical population consisted of high school students in Dezful city, of which 300 students were randomly selected via cluster sampling procedure. Tools used in this study included Questionnaire Of Religious Beliefs, Conner and Davidson Resiliency Scale (CD-RISC), and the Optimism Questionnaire (ASQ). All of the scales had acceptable validity and reliability. The research was a correlation study. To analyze data multiple regression method was used. Results showed that there existed significant positive relationship religious beliefs and resiliency with optimism. The result of multiple regression analysis also revealed that religious beliefs and resiliency are respectively significantly predicted optimism. Manuscript profile

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75 - The Relationship of Religious Beliefs, Quality of Life and Marital Satisfaction in Female Students
Hassan Asadzadeh-Dehraei Masomeh Jokar

The purpose of the study was to evaluate the relationship of religious beliefs, quality of life and marital satisfaction in female students of Shoush Payam Noor University. 190 students were randomly selected through multi stage random sampling to be included More

The purpose of the study was to evaluate the relationship of religious beliefs, quality of life and marital satisfaction in female students of Shoush Payam Noor University. 190 students were randomly selected through multi stage random sampling to be included in the study. The ENRICH Marital Satisfaction Questionnaire; Quality of Life Questionnaire (SF36) and Arian Religious Beliefs Questionnaire were implemented to collect data. Pearson correlation coeffcient and multivariate regression analysis were applied as statistical procedure. The results indicated that there were positive signifcant multiple relationships between religious beliefs, quality of life and marital satisfaction. The outputs also revealed that the both religious beliefs and quality of life signifcantly predicted marital satisfaction. Manuscript profile

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76 - Cultural Investigation Of Ancient Texts About Naming Women
Sayedeh Saeedeh Sanjari Mehdi Kargar

The aim of this research was to investigate people`s cultural and credential beliefs from the religions` history of pre-Islam period in naming women. In the recent research the data were gathered from ancient books of Iran, Avesta and Pahlavi Persian. The old texts from More

The aim of this research was to investigate people`s cultural and credential beliefs from the religions` history of pre-Islam period in naming women. In the recent research the data were gathered from ancient books of Iran, Avesta and Pahlavi Persian. The old texts from ancient times of Iran show Iranians` beliefs, creeds, and cultural, social, and historical indices of pre-Islam period. These ancient beliefs and creeds show a part of people`s attitudes to name women using some materialistic symbols like sky, sun, and stars, and from spiritual view, it shows their belief to Gods and to the ancient Goddesses. Some of the Gods are ancient ones. It means that they were worshiped before Zoroaster, and due to being benefited from the divinity and the link with the divine religions, they had the spiritual and legendry reflection in the culture of the society. The results of data analysis on the basis of the ancient texts, showed the significant relationship between theological- religious beliefs and historical- cultural creeds and also social acceptance to name women. There was also luckiness and holiness of religious beliefs among all the cultural information that had the most powerful effect on naming girls in the past times of Iran. Manuscript profile

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77 - relationship between moral development dimensions and the dimensions of just world beliefs
marzihe Malekiha Hossien Jamshidian

The purpose of this research was to examine the relationship between moral development dimensions and the dimensions of just world beliefs.(i.e, for the self , for the others ,in general, and about the unjust world).Research sample group consisted of 374 students (male More

The purpose of this research was to examine the relationship between moral development dimensions and the dimensions of just world beliefs.(i.e, for the self , for the others ,in general, and about the unjust world).Research sample group consisted of 374 students (male and female )which were randomly selected from the students of the Azad universities of khorasgan and Najaf abad. Sample group was selected with the use of cluster sampling method for the first step and the stratified sampling method for the second step .Research questionnaires  were :kit kalian's moral and social responsibility questionnaire (2006)(which consists of 11 questions)and four questionnaires  about just world beliefs. The validity and reliability of research questionnaires was examined and the final results were favorable . Data analyzed with using Pearson's correlation coefficient and enter regression analysis. The results showed that there is significant relation between moral and social responsibility based on and promise and just world beliefs for the self(p<0/05) and moral and social responsibility is general and just world beliefs for the others (p<0/01) .Another section of results on the basis of entre regression analysis showed that only just world beliefs for others have significant predictive power for the moral and social responsibility based on promise and total moral development. Manuscript profile

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78 - Path analysis model of the relationship between altruism, attitudes and beliefs with prosocial behavior among female students
Razieh Babasafari Ilnaz Sajjadian Mohammad Ali Nadi

The purpose of the study was to determine the relationship between altruism, attitudes and beliefs with prosocial behaviors based on path analysis among female students of Isfahan city. The method was correlation, and population was included of the whole female students More

The purpose of the study was to determine the relationship between altruism, attitudes and beliefs with prosocial behaviors based on path analysis among female students of Isfahan city. The method was correlation, and population was included of the whole female students of Islamic Azad University Isfahan (Khorasgan), Isfahan university, and university of medical sciences in winter 2015. For this purpose, among them 378 students were selected by stratified random sampling based on the distribution of population in each university according to their field of study. Subjects answered to research instruments including global prosocial behavior scale (altruistic self-report scale) by Rachton et al(1981), the questionnaire of just beliefs about one’s own world and others Which contains three subscales, General just World beliefs by Dalbert et al(1987) , Global just World beliefs by Lipkus(1991) and Belief in an unjust world by Dalbert et al(2001), and questionnaire of prosocial attitudes scale questionnaire, the revised version of Carlo et al(2003).The data were analyzed by Pearson coefficient correlation and path analysis. The findings showed that there is significant relationship between altruism, helping attitude towards others, attitudes toward charitable assistance, General just beliefs, just and unjust World beliefs prosocial behavior. The results of the analysis results based on structural equation modeling showed that altruism. In addition, the results of path analysis based on SEM supported from the direct effect of Altruistic on attitudes, just world beliefs and prosocial behavior, and Indirect effect of altruism on unjust and general just world beliefs and prosocial behaviors. Manuscript profile

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79 - The study of the relationship between metacognitive beliefs, attitude of responsibility and social support with obsession among secondary school students in Ramhormoz in the academic year of 1393-1393
tofigh ale ebad Javad Karimi

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between metacognitive beliefs, attitude of responsibility and social support, with obsession among secondary school students in Ramhormoz, Khuzestan province in Iran during 2012-2013. This researc More

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between metacognitive beliefs, attitude of responsibility and social support, with obsession among secondary school students in Ramhormoz, Khuzestan province in Iran during 2012-2013. This research is a descriptive-correlational study and is applicable in terms of purpose. The population of this study includes 1100 students (girls and boys) of secondary school in Ramhormoz. Using cluster sampling and stratified sampling methodology, as well as the research methodology books (Kordlooye, 1393), 200 students (100 girls and 100 boys) were selected as sample and completed the questionnaire.To measure the variables of research, we have used Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory (Fva et al., 2010), Responsive Attitude Questionnaire (Salkowkes, 2000), Metacognitive beliefs questionnaire (Wales, 1997), Social Support Questionnaire (White, 2004) Which were of reliability (0.88, 0.87, 0.93 and 0.88 respectively). Data were analyzed using Kolmogorov-Smirnov statistical tests and Pearson correlation test. The results show that there is a direct relationship between metacognitive beliefs (0.367) and attitude of responsibility (392/0) and between the trustworthiness metacognitive beliefs (0.244) , positive beliefs about worries (0.400), cognitive status (0.284), dangerous thoughts(0.233) and the need to control thoughts (0.234) is a direct and meaningful relationship with obsession. According to the results, it can be concluded that increasing and decreasing meta-cognitive beliefs, attitude of responsibility and social support can decrease and increase obsession in secondary school students in Ramhormoz. Manuscript profile

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80 - Effectiveness of Premarital Training based on Interpersonal Choices and Knowledge Program on Dysfunctional Relationship Beliefs of Couples in the Verge of Marriage with Conflict
Banafsheh Nazari

Present research aimed to determine the effectiveness of premarital training based on interpersonal choices and knowledge program on dysfunctional relationship beliefs of couples in the verge of marriage with conflict. The research design was semi-experimental with pret More

Present research aimed to determine the effectiveness of premarital training based on interpersonal choices and knowledge program on dysfunctional relationship beliefs of couples in the verge of marriage with conflict. The research design was semi-experimental with pretest, posttest and follow-up with control group. The research population was couples referred to counseling centers of five districts of Tehran city in 2019 year which from them 30 couples (60 people) were selected by available sampling method and randomly replaced into two equal groups. The experimental group underwent 9 sessions of 90 minutes the premarital training based on interpersonal choices and knowledge program and the control group did not receive training. The research tool was the dysfunctional relationship beliefs inventory (Eidelson and Epstein, 1982) and the marital attitude scale (Braaten and Rosen, 1998) and the data were analyzed by repeated measures analysis of variance and Bonferroni post hoc test in SPSS-15 software. The findings showed that the premarital training based on interpersonal choices and knowledge program led to decrease dysfunctional relationship beliefs of couples in the verge of marriage with conflict and the results remained stable in the follow-up phase (p < 0.001). According to the results, the use of premarital training based on interpersonal choices and knowledge program is necessary to improve psychological characteristics, especially dysfunctional relationship beliefs of couples in the verge of marriage with conflict. Therefore, clinical psychologists and therapists can use from method of premarital training based on interpersonal choices and knowledge program along with other educational methods to increase dysfunctional relationship beliefs of couples in the verge of marriage. Manuscript profile

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81 - Comparison the Emotional and Social Intelligence, Academic Anxiety and Epistemological Beliefs in Internet Addicted and Non-Addicted Students
Najibeh Akbarzadeh Vahid Fallah Seyedeh Esmat Rasooli

This research aimed to comparison the emotional and social intelligence, academic anxiety and epistemological beliefs in internet addicted and non-addicted students. The present study was applied in terms of purpose and was comparative causal in terms of procedure metho More

This research aimed to comparison the emotional and social intelligence, academic anxiety and epistemological beliefs in internet addicted and non-addicted students. The present study was applied in terms of purpose and was comparative causal in terms of procedure method. The study population was the second high school students of Babol city in the academic years 2018-19. Based on the Cochran's formula, the sample size was estimated 374 people, who were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling method. Data collection tools included the questionnaires of internet addiction (Young, 1998), emotional intelligence (Bradberry & Graves, 2004), social intelligence (Silvera & et al, 2001), academic anxiety (Philips, 1979) and epistemological beliefs (Schommer, 1993). To analyze the data was used from multivariate analysis of variance with using SPSS-20 software. The findings showed that internet addicted and non-addicted students were significantly different in terms of all four variables of emotional and social intelligence, academic anxiety and epistemological beliefs (p < 0.05). In the other words, internet addicted students than internet non-addicted students were at a lower level in terms of emotional intelligence, social intelligence and epistemological beliefs and higher in terms of academic anxiety. According to the results of the present study, internet addicted students in compared to internet non-addicted students were in a more unfavorable position in terms of all four variables of emotional and social intelligence, academic anxiety and epistemological beliefs. Therefore, it is necessary for education experts, school psychologists and counselors to hold courses and workshops for students and their families to understand the phenomenon of internet addiction and its consequences and thereby reducing their internet addiction. Manuscript profile

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82 - Developing a structural model of Self-Handicapping based on time perspective, intelligence beliefs and perceived parenting style by mediating
Fatemeh Maghsoudlonejad Majid Saffarinia ali shirafkankopkan

The aim of this study was to present a structural model of self-handicapping based on time perspective, intelligence beliefs and perceived parenting style mediated by academic self-efficacy in students. The research method was descriptive and structural equation modelin More

The aim of this study was to present a structural model of self-handicapping based on time perspective, intelligence beliefs and perceived parenting style mediated by academic self-efficacy in students. The research method was descriptive and structural equation modeling. The statistical population of the present study was all high school students in Tehran in the academic year 2020. The sample size was 400 students who were selected by cluster sampling (4 schools). The research instruments included the On and Framan (1998) Academic Self-Efficacy Questionnaire, the Jones & Rodwalt Self-Handicapping Scale (1982), the Zimbardo Time Perspective Questionnaire (1999), the Grolenick Perceived Parenting Questionnaire (1997), and the Abdolfattah & Yates (2006) Intelligence Beliefs Scale. The collected data were analyzed by structural equation modeling. The results of data analysis showed that the prediction model of self-handicapping based on time perspective, intelligence beliefs and perceived parenting style mediated by academic self-efficacy based on experimental data has a good fit. The direct and indirect effects of time perspective and intelligence beliefs on students' self-handicapping were also confirmed (p <0.05). Perceived parenting style and academic self-efficacy directly affect self- handicapping (p <0.05). The present study showed that academic self-efficacy has a mediating role in explaining and predicting students' self-disability. This variable is influenced by time perspective, IQ beliefs and perceived parenting style and on the other hand can have a significant effect on students' self-disability. Each research work has its own limitations, and this research is no exception to this rule. Among the limitations of this study include: Structural relationships of variables were tested by modeling structural equations which is a non-experimental method. Manuscript profile

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83 - The Effectiveness of Life Skills Training with Islamic Approach on Epistemological Beliefs and Psychological Well-Being of male students
fateme sadat tabatabaeinejad

Abstract The aim of this study was to definition the effectiveness of life skills training with Islamic approach on epistemological beliefs and psychological well-being of male students and the method is a semi-experimental research with pretest-posttest design with con More

Abstract The aim of this study was to definition the effectiveness of life skills training with Islamic approach on epistemological beliefs and psychological well-being of male students and the method is a semi-experimental research with pretest-posttest design with control group. second secondary school male students in Qom city in 2018-2019, 40 male students were selected based on the entry students available and randomly assigned in to one therapeutic group (with 20 people) and a control group (with 20 people).The data gathering tool was Schommer's epistemological beliefs (1990), Ryff psychological well-being questionnaire (1989). Also, in the experimental group, an educational package of life skills training with Islamic approach was implemented for 8 sessions of 90 minutes, however, the control group received no intervention. Data were analyzed using of spss19 and through single-variable and multivariate analysis of covariance. The findings showed that life skills training with Islamic approach have a significant effect on epistemological beliefs and only on two sub-components of it (the inherent ability of learning and learning fast) and on psychological well-being and all sub-components of it (autonomy, environmental mastery, personal growth, communication Positive affirmation with others, purposefulness in life and admission) of male students have a significant effect (p ≤0.05)Key words: life skills, Islamic approach, epistemological beliefs, psychological well-being Manuscript profile

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84 - Predicting the social health of teachers based on the variables of metacognitive beliefs and loneliness
Abolghasem Barimani ali omran

The purpose of this study was to predicting the social health of teachers based on the variables of metacognitive beliefs and loneliness. The research applied in terms of purpose and method was descriptive, correlational one. The statistical population consisted 550 of More

The purpose of this study was to predicting the social health of teachers based on the variables of metacognitive beliefs and loneliness. The research applied in terms of purpose and method was descriptive, correlational one. The statistical population consisted 550 of teachers of the Secondary School of Amol. The statistical sample was 226 participants that determined by the using Krejcy and Morgan table, and selected by stratified random sampling according to gender. The instrument for collecting data was three questionnaires of social health Keyes (2004), metacognitive beliefs Wells & Cartwright-Hatton (2004) and loneliness Russell, Peplau & Cutrona (1980). Their reliability was calculated to 0.75, 0.78 and 0.82 respectively by the use of Cronbach’s Alpha. Descriptive statistics and inferential statistics including Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regressions were used to analyze the data in SPSS-22 software. The results indicated that there is a positive and significant correlation between social health and metacognitive beliefs. But there is a reverse relationship between loneliness and social health. Also, metacognitive beliefs were able to predict 16.3% of teachers' social health changes (p < 0.05). But feeling lonely cannot predict the social health of teachers. Therefore, it is recommended to increase the quality of their metacognitive beliefs and prevent their sense of loneliness in increasing teachers' social health. Manuscript profile

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85 - The effect of media use on the tendency to use cosmetics in women: a structural model concerning the mediation of psychological variables
mostafa khanzadeh somayeh aghamohamadi

The prevalence of cosmetics from the beginning of their production in women is much higher than men, and the content produced in the media usually teaches women to meet the socially constructed standards of beauty. Today, the excessive use of cosmetics among Iranian wom More

The prevalence of cosmetics from the beginning of their production in women is much higher than men, and the content produced in the media usually teaches women to meet the socially constructed standards of beauty. Today, the excessive use of cosmetics among Iranian women and girls has become a critical psychosocial issue. Therefore, the present study aimed to test the media use model to use cosmetics concerning the mediating role of internalization of media patterns, beliefs about appearance, and body image concerns. For this purpose, 324 female students of the University of Isfahan were selected as the research sample using cluster sampling method and responded to the Media Consumption (Revised) and Beliefs about Appearance Scales, Body Image Concerns Inventory, and Socio-Cultural Attitudes to Appearance (Third Edition) and Compensatory Tendencies and Behaviors for Beauty and Fitness Questionnaires. The research model tested using structural equation modeling analysis, and the significance of the model effects evaluated using the bootstrap method. Data were analyzed using SPSS and AMOS software. Testing the model showed that the size of the fit indices for the model is desirable and this model has a good fit with the experimental data. Also, bootstrap results showed that all model effects are significant. In general, the results of the present study support the importance of the role of internalizing media patterns and body image concern in the tendency of Iranian women to use cosmetics. These results explained in the research and theoretical context, and suggestions made in this regard. Manuscript profile

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86 - Explain the relationship between communication beliefs, sexual satisfaction and differentiation with marital intimacy
Zahra jani ali delavar

The aim of this study was to explain the relationship between communication beliefs, sexual satisfaction and differentiation with marital intimacy. The statistical population of this study included all married women who referred to health centers in Tehran in 1398.&nbsp More

The aim of this study was to explain the relationship between communication beliefs, sexual satisfaction and differentiation with marital intimacy. The statistical population of this study included all married women who referred to health centers in Tehran in 1398.  320 people were selected as a sample according to Morgan’s table, which finally considering the possible sample reduction, 350 married women were selected. The sampling method in this study was multistage cluster sampling. Edelson-Epstein (1981) Relational Belief Inventory, Larson Sexual Satisfaction Questionnaire (1988), Scorne and Friedlander Differentiation Scale Differentiation of Self-Inventory (1998), and Marital intimacy questionnaire (1995) Couple Intimacy Questionnaire were used to collect data. Findings were analyzed using correlation statistical method in SPSS software version 22. The results showed that there was a direct and negative correlation (-0.145) between communication beliefs with couple intimacy and significant positive correlation (0.315) between sexual satisfaction and couple intimacy; although there is no significant relationship (0.006) between differentiation and couples intimacy at the level of p <0.01. Therefore, it can be concluded that in order to promote couple’s intimacy, components such as communication beliefs, sexual satisfaction, and differentiation can be taught and reduced high divorce rate due to the lack of these skills. Manuscript profile

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87 - Emotion, Will and Rationality of Religious Belief (An Interpretation of William James' Criyique of Clifford's "Ethics of Belief")
zahra Ramezanlu

The question of religious belief and its rationality has become a serious issue in the philosophy of religion due to the claims of modern philosophers. One of the most controversial positions in this regard is evidentialism, which emphasizes that our beliefs should be a More

The question of religious belief and its rationality has become a serious issue in the philosophy of religion due to the claims of modern philosophers. One of the most controversial positions in this regard is evidentialism, which emphasizes that our beliefs should be accompanied by evidence and reasons. In modern times, Clifford, by introducing the idea of "the ethics of belief," advocated evidentialism in its most extreme form. William James, by emphasizing the role of will and emotions in the formation of belief, criticizes Clifford's theory and tries to defend the rationality of religious belief. This paper attempts to answer the question of how James, based on the same evidentialist principles of the evidentialists, criticizes Clifford. It also examines whether his view can respond to the criticisms raised. The aim is to analyze and evaluate James's approach to evidentialism from a non-fideistic perspective using a library-based research method. Considering James's views, especially in his essay "The Will to Believe," it can be concluded that his position in defending the rationality of religious belief against evidentialism is relatively coherent. According to William James, Clifford's evidentialist position is, contrary to its claim, irrational and dogmatic, and desire and will logically play a necessary role in truth-seeking. Manuscript profile

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88 - Understanding teacher’s Innovative behavior based on their irrational beliefs and systems thinking
Sara Mehramiz Muhammad Akbary borng Muhammad Ali Rostami Nejad

Abstract Purpose: The purpose of this study was to predict teachers' innovative behavior based on irrational beliefs and system thinking. Method: The present study is descriptive-correlational. The statistical population include 1340 teachers of all elementary schools i More

Abstract Purpose: The purpose of this study was to predict teachers' innovative behavior based on irrational beliefs and system thinking. Method: The present study is descriptive-correlational. The statistical population include 1340 teachers of all elementary schools in Birjand city in the academic year of 2016-2017. The sample consisted of 297 teachers selected by random cluster sampling. The instruments were three questionnaires, Palma’s systems Thinking, Bernard’s Irrational Beliefs and Counter’s Innovative Behavior. For analyzing data, multiple regression, one-sample t-test and structural equation modeling were used. Findings: The results showed that systemic thinking and innovative behavior of teachers were higher than average. The results also showed that among the components of system thinking, only continuous learning was predictive of teachers' irrational beliefs (p <0.05). On the other hand, continuous learning more than recognizing mental models can predict their innovative behavior (p <0.01). Also, among the components of irrational beliefs, attitudes toward students more than school attitude and low tolerance can predict the innovative behavior of teachers (p <0.01). Conclusion: According to the results of the research on explaining the teachers' innovative behavior based on their system thinking and their irrational beliefs, and since irrational beliefs are also predictable based on system thinking, it is necessity for manager and in-service designer to improve teachers' systemic thinking to reduce their irrational beliefs and improve the innovative behavioral of teachers. Manuscript profile

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89 - The Impact of Family Performance and intelligence beliefs on creativity among students
Mmohammad Salehi S.zahra Hoseini dronkolaei Hormoz Nazoktabar

Background: Today, our society needs Innovative and creative people who build the future more than ever. Aim: This study aimed to investigate the impact of family performance and intelligence beliefs on creativity among students. Methods: The research method was descri More

Background: Today, our society needs Innovative and creative people who build the future more than ever. Aim: This study aimed to investigate the impact of family performance and intelligence beliefs on creativity among students. Methods: The research method was descriptive and survey. The study population included all 785 Secondary school students in Babol, western part of Bandpay in 2016-2017 academic years. 260 students were selected based on Cochran formula by classified sampling based on grade. Standard questionnaires of family performance (FAD, 1980), intelligence Beliefs (Dupeyrat & Marian, 2005) and creativity (Torrance, 1979) that their validity and reliability have been confirmed, were used. Data were analyzed using K-S, regression and multiple regressions. Results: Findings indicate a positive and significant effect of family performance on creativity (R2= 0.15, β= 0.39) and intelligence beliefs on creativity (R2= 0.27, β= 0.52) and family performance on intelligence beliefs (R2= 0.03, β= 0.18). Based on the results of the multivariate regression analysis, the value of R2 showed that about 35% of the changes in the student's score of creativity were explained by family performance and intelligence beliefs. Intelligence beliefs (with β =0.460) had the highest standardized regression coefficient effect on the creativity Conclusion: Results showed that the effect of family performance and intelligence beliefs on creativity and family performance on intelligence beliefs was significant. Also, in order to enhance the creativity of students, we must focus on two important issues family performance and intelligence beliefs. Manuscript profile

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90 - Predicting the academic motivation based on perceived social support and intelligence beliefs in students
Elham Fallah Manesh Hamid Vatankhah

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to predict academic motivation based on perceived social support and IQ in students. Methodology: This study was a descriptive correlational study. The study population consisted of high school students in Tehran in the academic ye More

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to predict academic motivation based on perceived social support and IQ in students. Methodology: This study was a descriptive correlational study. The study population consisted of high school students in Tehran in the academic year of 2018-19. The sample consisted of 120 individuals who were selected by multistage cluster random sampling. Data were collected using the Academic Motivation Questionnaire (Harter, 1981), Perceived Social Support (Zimt et al., 1988) and Intelligence Beliefs (Abdul Fattah & Yates, 2006). Data were analyzed using multiple linear regression in SPSS-22 at the significant level of 0.05. Findings: Findings showed that support of family, friends and teachers was positively correlated with students' academic motivation and the level of IQs was positively correlated with their academic motivation. Also, support variables of family, friends and teachers and intelligence beliefs were able to significantly predict 31% of students' academic motivation changes (P <0.05). Conclusion: As family teachers and friends support the student in different areas, their morale and educational capacity will increase, thus improving perceived social support and intelligence-related education. An instrument of increased academic motivation in students. Manuscript profile

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91 - Living Experience of Female Adolescents with Irrational Beliefs in a Narrative Analysis Study
Zahra Mesbah Khadijeh Abolmaali Alhosini

Purpose: The present study examines the lived experience of female adolescents with irrational beliefs in order to determine the common and underlying factors for the development of irrational beliefs in the cognitive distortions of female adolescents. Methodology: The More

Purpose: The present study examines the lived experience of female adolescents with irrational beliefs in order to determine the common and underlying factors for the development of irrational beliefs in the cognitive distortions of female adolescents. Methodology: The present qualitative research was phenomenology in the interpretive paradigm with the method of narrative analysis with the model of pluralistic analysis. The statistical population was the female students of the second year of high school in the 2nd and 5th districts of Tehran in the academic year 2019-2020. 274 students completed the Bernard (1988) Adolescent Irrational Beliefs Questionnaire, of which 16 were selected based on the inclusion criteria and purposefully due to having a score of 1.5 units of standard deviation above average. Then 12 people were studied until they reached theoretical saturation. Data collection was by semi-structured interview with McAdams. Formal-content and critical interpretive perspectives were used to analyze the data. Findings: The research findings after the coding process showed conceptual commonalities among adolescents with irrational beliefs in 5 main themes and 9 sub-themes. These adolescents had five common characteristics: low self-efficacy, poor communication skills with others and inappropriate communication with God, dysfunctional parent-child relationship pattern, and traumatic childhood problems. Conclusion: In the treatment interventions of these adolescents to reduce irrational beliefs, the role of weakness in communication skills and self-efficacy, communication with God can be paid more attention, and in preventive interventions, harmful childhood problems such as rejection and emotional deprivation and the role of dysfunctional parenting style. He considered irrational beliefs in order to move more confidently to educate and improve adolescents' mental health. Manuscript profile

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92 - Self-Regulatory Model of Learning based on Intelligence Beliefs and Classroom Atmosphere Perception Mediated by Self-Efficacy in Gifted Students
Mahsa Jourabi Asrejadid Mansoureh Shahriari Ahmadi Mahdieh Salehi Mahnaz Estaki

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate a self-regulatory model of learning based on intelligence beliefs and classroom perception mediation of self-efficacy in gifted students. Methodology: The present study was applied, in terms of purpose and descriptive a More

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate a self-regulatory model of learning based on intelligence beliefs and classroom perception mediation of self-efficacy in gifted students. Methodology: The present study was applied, in terms of purpose and descriptive and correlational, in terms of data collection method. The statistical population was all gifted high school students in the 2nd and 4th districts of Tehran in the academic year of 2009-2010. Four hundred students were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling method. Research tools included the Self-Regulatory Learning Questionnaire (Pintrich et al., 1990), Intelligence belief (Abdolfattah and Yiths, 2006), Classroom Perception atmosphere (Rovy, 2002) and General Self-Efficacy (Sherer et al, 1982). The collected data were analyzed by Pearson correlation method and structural equation modeling by Amos24 and SPSS26 software. Findings: The results showed that the final model had a good fit with the data. Based on the results of direct relationships of research variables showed that intelligence beliefs had a positive and significant effect on self-efficacy and self-regulation of learning, as well as perception of classroom atmosphere on self-efficacy and self-regulation of learning and self-efficacy on self-regulation (P<0.001). The indirect effects of intelligence beliefs and perception of classroom atmosphere on self-regulation of learning through self-efficacy were 0.1215 and 0.1185, respectively, which were statistically significant (P<0.001). Conclusion: Considering that factors such as intelligence, motivational and environmental beliefs affect the learning self-regulation and subsquently learning self-regulation has an important role in academic achievement. The results of this study can have important implications for those involved in education and mental health services and families. Manuscript profile

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93 - The Effectiveness of Emotion Therapy on Irrational Beliefs and Perfectionism in Female Students
Mahdi Khalili Mansoreh Mohammadi Fatemeh Sarokhani Zahra Ganjifar Ghazaleh Ternas

Purpose: The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effectiveness of emotional therapy on irrational beliefs and perfectionism in female students. Methodology: The statistical population under study included all high school girls in the 2nd distr More

Purpose: The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effectiveness of emotional therapy on irrational beliefs and perfectionism in female students. Methodology: The statistical population under study included all high school girls in the 2nd district of Tehran, of which 30 female students who were between the ages of 12 and 18 and were interested in participating in the research were selected using available sampling and They were randomly divided into 2 groups of 15 people (experimental and control) where the experimental group received 12 sessions of emotional therapy training and the control group did not receive any intervention. The participants were evaluated with the Jones Irrational Beliefs Questionnaire (1996) and the Besharat Perfectionism Questionnaire (2012). The data was analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance by SPSS23 software. Findings: The comparison of averages showed that the intervention was effective in changing the scores of irrational beliefs and perfectionism. The differences from post-test to follow-up are not significant (P<0.05). This means that the therapeutic effects have been stable over time. Conclusion: Therefore, it can be concluded that the effectiveness of emotional therapy has had an effect on irrational beliefs and perfectionism in female students, and this effectiveness is stable over time. Manuscript profile

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94 - Comparison of Irrational Beliefs, Communication Skills and Marital Adjustment in Three Generations of Tehrani Women
Sogol Giti Marjan Jafari Roshan

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare irrational beliefs, communication skills and marital adjustment in three generations of Tehrani women. Method: The statistical population of the present study consisted of married women aged 21 to 65 in Tehran in three g More

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare irrational beliefs, communication skills and marital adjustment in three generations of Tehrani women. Method: The statistical population of the present study consisted of married women aged 21 to 65 in Tehran in three generations of 21-35 years old, 36-50 years old and 51-65 years old and in a sample of 91 people who were selected by available sampling method, Done. Accomplished. For collecting information, three standard questionnaires of Jones's irrational beliefs (1986), communication skills (2004), and spinier marital adjustment (1978) were used with appropriate validity and validity. After collecting the questionnaires, the data were analyzed using SPSS software at the descriptive level of abundance indexes, central tendency indicators, dispersion indices and graphs, and at the inferential level, one-way analysis of variance analysis and Tukey post hoc test and multivariate regression analysis. Results: The results showed that among the components of irrational beliefs, the component of emotional irresponsibility, the group of women aged 65-51 (third generation) scored a higher score compared to women aged 35-21 (first generation). In the communication skills, the cold management component of the exciting interactions of the 51-55-year-old women group had less scores compared to women aged 35-29. In marital adjustment, the overall consistency scores of the third generation were lower than those of the other two generations and the second-generation grade was also higher than that of the first generation. Conclusion: With increasing life span, irrational beliefs have increased and communication skills have been reduced and marital adjustment has decreased. Manuscript profile

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95 - The effectiveness of rational emotive behavior group therapy on the executive functions and the irrational beliefs in mothers of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Zahra Ranaee Ahmad Mansouri Ali Ghanaei Chamanabad Seyed Ali Kimiaee

The aim of present study was to investigate the effectiveness of rational emotive behavior group therapy on the executive functions and the irrational beliefs in mothers of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). In a quasi-experimental study, 30 More

The aim of present study was to investigate the effectiveness of rational emotive behavior group therapy on the executive functions and the irrational beliefs in mothers of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). In a quasi-experimental study, 30 mothers of children with ADHD referred to counseling centers in the city Bojnurd were selected by available sampling method and then randomly designed into three experimental, placebo and control groups. The experimental group participated in 8 sessions of rational emotive behavior group therapy, while placebo and control groups were not in any treatment. The participants completed Irrational Beliefs Test (IBT, 1969) and Tower of London Test (TOL, 1982). Data were analyzed by SPSS22 software, using analysis of covariance. The results showed that REBG leading to improving the executive functions and decreases irrational beliefs in experimental group than placebo and control groups (p < 0.05). The result showed that REBG might be an efficient way to improving executive the functions and decreases the irrational beliefs in mothers of children with ADHD. Also, therapists can use this therapeutic approach for decreases irrational beliefs and improving executive functions. Manuscript profile

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96 - The effectiveness of Wells metacognitive approach therapy on metacognitive beliefs and rumination in Homeowners with obsessive-compulsive disorder
Rohollah Azizi Fatemeh Bahrami Koorosh Goodarzi Masoud Sadeghi

The aim of this research was to determine the effectiveness of Wells metacognitive approach therapy on metacognitive beliefs and rumination of people with obsessive-compulsive disorder. This study was quasi-experimental with pre-test and post-test design with experiment More

The aim of this research was to determine the effectiveness of Wells metacognitive approach therapy on metacognitive beliefs and rumination of people with obsessive-compulsive disorder. This study was quasi-experimental with pre-test and post-test design with experimental and control groups. The research population was housewives with obsessive-compulsive disorder of Borujerd province in 2017-18 years with number of 1297 people. The research sample was 30 people who were selected by available sampling method and randomly assigned into two equal groups. Experimental group received 8 sessions of 60 minutes (two sessions per week) based on Wells metacognitive approach therapy and control group received no training. The research tools were the questionnaires of metacognitive beliefs (Wells & Cartwright-Hatton, 2004) and rumination (Nolen-Hoeksema & Morrow, 1991). Data were analyzed by multivariate analysis of covariance method in SPSS software version 21. The findings showed that there was a significant difference between the experimental and control groups in terms of metacognitive beliefs and rumination. In the other word, Wells metacognitive approach therapy led to decrease metacognitive beliefs and rumination in housewives with obsessive-compulsive disorder (p < 0/001). Regarding to the effectiveness of treatment method on decreasing metacognitive beliefs and rumination of housewives, it is recommended that therapists and clinical psychologists use Wells metacognitive approach therapy along with other therapies to improve metacognitive beliefs and rumination. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

97 - The effect of core beliefs on academic competence mediated by academic excitement
mohamadmahdi moghadamnia kianosh hashemian khadije abolmaali

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of basic beliefs on academic competence mediated by academic excitement in Tehran students. The research method was applied in terms of purpose, in terms of descriptive-correlational data collection and also in ter More

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of basic beliefs on academic competence mediated by academic excitement in Tehran students. The research method was applied in terms of purpose, in terms of descriptive-correlational data collection and also in terms of quantitative data type. The statistical population of the study consisted of all male high school second-grade students in Tehran in the academic year of 1396. Using multistage cluster random sampling, 449 students were selected as the sample size. Kathleen and Epstein's (1992) Critical Beliefs Questionnaire, Diprena and Eliot's (2000) Academic Competency Questionnaire, and Pekran et al. (2005) Academic Excellence Questionnaire were used to measure the variables studied. The data were analyzed by structural equation modeling. The fit indices showed the desired fit of the model with the collected data. The findings showed that the indirect effect of core beliefs on academic competence and academic excitement was influenced (p <0.01). Thus, basic beliefs with the mediating role of academic emotion can affect students' academic competence. Manuscript profile

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98 - Determining the mediating role of academic motivation in the relationship between intelligence beliefs and academic resilience among female high school students in Bojnourd
Fereshte rahmati Mohammad Yamini hossein mahdian

This study aimed to determine the mediating role of academic motivation in the relationship between IQ and academic resilience. This research was a survey research with correlation study (structural equations). The sample consisted of 350 high school female students in More

This study aimed to determine the mediating role of academic motivation in the relationship between IQ and academic resilience. This research was a survey research with correlation study (structural equations). The sample consisted of 350 high school female students in Bojnourd in the academic year of 2015-2016 who were selected by multistage cluster sampling. Sample members completed the Samutelz Resilience Questionnaire (2004), Harter Academic Motivation Questionnaire (1981), and Abdul Fattah and Yates (2006) Intelligence Beliefs. Data analysis was performed using SPSS-21 and AMOS-21 software and structural equation modeling method. The results showed that there was a significant relationship between academic motivation, IQ and academic resilience (P˂0.01), but academic motivation did not play a significant mediating role between IQ and academic resilience (P <0.05). According to the results, it can be said that IU beliefs and academic motivation are very important in the formation of academic resilience, but academic motivation alone can play a mediating role between IQ beliefs and academic resilience and it is necessary to influence others. Psychological and contextual variables to be examined.Keywords: Academic Motivation, Intelligence Beliefs, Academic Resilience, Students. Manuscript profile

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99 - The mediating role of uncertainty intolerance in the relationship between implicit theories of intelligence and academic self-defeating behaviors
seyyed mehdi sarkeshikiyan Narges Babakhani Nasrin Bagheri

10.30495/educ.2022.1954976.2844

The purpose of this study was to test the structural equation model of predicting academic self-defeating behaviors based on implicit beliefs of intelligence mediated by uncertainty intolerance. This research was fundamental and quantitative and of descriptive-correlati More

The purpose of this study was to test the structural equation model of predicting academic self-defeating behaviors based on implicit beliefs of intelligence mediated by uncertainty intolerance. This research was fundamental and quantitative and of descriptive-correlation and structural equation modeling. The statistical population of the study was all students of Qom Islamic Azad University who were studying in the academic year 1399-400. The sample of the study was 420 students who participated in the study in an accessible way and through social networks WhatsApp, Instagram, Email, Soroush, and IGAP according to the Covid 19 pandemic conditions. The research instruments were the Freudon et al. (1994) Intolerance Tolerance Scale (IUS), the Abdel Fattah & Yates (2006) Implicit Beliefs of Intelligence Scale (2006), and the Cunningham (2007) self-defeating Behavior and Cognition Scale (SDBCs). Structural equation analysis and 25 spss and 3smart pls software were used for data analysis. The results show that the indicators of the proposed model have an acceptable fit. The path of implicit beliefs of intelligence to academic self-defeating behaviors (β = 0.648, p = 0.000), the path of implicit beliefs of intelligence to uncertainty intolerance (β = 0.566, p = 0.000), the path of uncertainty intolerance to behaviors Academic self-defeating (p = 0.000, β = 0.354) is reported. Manuscript profile

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100 - The mediating role of progress motivation in the relationship between epistemological beliefs and students' philosophical thinking
soheila hossainpour farshth afkari shahede zarei

The present study was the mediating role of progress motivation in the relationship between epistemological beliefs and students' philosophical thinking, Sanandaj branch. The current research was a correlational descriptive research method in terms of its applied p More

The present study was the mediating role of progress motivation in the relationship between epistemological beliefs and students' philosophical thinking, Sanandaj branch. The current research was a correlational descriptive research method in terms of its applied purpose and in terms of the nature and method of data collection. The statistical population of this research includes all the students of Islamic Azad University, Sanandaj branch, and to determine the sample size, 396 people were used from the Georgesi and Morgan table by random sampling method. To collect the data, the standard questionnaires of Schumer's epistemological beliefs (1990), Smith's philosophical mindset (1965) and Hosseini et al.'s motivation (2017) were used, which were calculated and confirmed by Cronbach's alpha coefficient to determine their reliability. The data was analyzed using path analysis through Amos software. The results showed that epistemological beliefs have a positive and significant relationship with philosophical thinking and motivation to progress, and motivation to progress plays a mediating role in the relationship between students' epistemological beliefs and their philosophical thinking. Manuscript profile

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101 - Investigation of relationship between invitational education and intelligence beliefs in high school students of Kashmar
hosein mahdiyan hasan asadzadeh hasan shabani ghodsi ahghar hasan ahadi

The present study has been carried out with aim of Investigation of relationship between invitational education and intelligence beliefs in high school students of Kashmar . The research population include all male and female students studying at high schools in the aca More

The present study has been carried out with aim of Investigation of relationship between invitational education and intelligence beliefs in high school students of Kashmar . The research population include all male and female students studying at high schools in the academic year of 2009-2010 in Kashmar. The research sample includes 540 students (270 females, 270 males), selected through multi-stagerandom sampling: the city was divided into three regions (north, center, south), then four schools in each region and three classes in each school were randomly selected. Research instruments include (a) invitational teaching survey(Amos, Purkey, Tobias, 1980; Revised 1990; shaw2003); (b) intelligence beliefs questionnaire (Zabihi, 2005). Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation, one-sided ANOVA, and t-test. The results showed that (a) there is a significant relationship between  invitational education components  and  those of intelligence beliefs; (b) there is differences between female and male students’ beliefs about invitational education; (c)there is differences between students’ beliefs about invitational education from various grade, and (d) intelligence beliefs are different among  male and  female students. The finding  have some implications for education and effective learning, which are discussed in this article. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

102 - The comparison of beliefs in fair world for self and others in terms of sex, marital status, education, job, housing
mohsen golpero hamidreza arzi

The present study compares beliefs on fair world for self and others according  to sex, level of education , job, housing status. To do so, of among statistical population in Isfahan (men and women above 17 ) , 1176 people in alleys and streets, were  chosen a More

The present study compares beliefs on fair world for self and others according  to sex, level of education , job, housing status. To do so, of among statistical population in Isfahan (men and women above 17 ) , 1176 people in alleys and streets, were  chosen and  asked to answer a questionnaire . The questionnaire was adapted from laipkes , etal (u96). It included 16 questions. The data were analyzed using independent t-test , one – way ANOVA, and follow – up LSD test . the results showed no significance difference between  men and women in their  beliefs on fair  world  for self and others. (p>0/05). There was no significant difference between the married and the single (p < 0/05) . The Different age groups showed significant difference in their beliefs. The follow-up LSD  test showed a significant higher difference between 17-21 age group and 42 age group in their beliefs of fair world for self (p<0/05). In education – level groups, the  study showed participant with high-school diploma and associate degree graduates had higher beliefs for a fair world compared with MA/MS graduates there was a significant difference among occupation groups. There was a higher level of belief in fair world among clerks and teachers than among manual workers and drivers. Manual workers had a weaker belief in fair world for self then technical workers, students,  had housewives , physicians, veterinarians and those who workers , students , housewives, physicians and  veterinarians had higher belief  in fair world  then drivers . There was also a significant difference among those who had this own house and those  who  were  tenants (p<0/05). Follow-up LSD test the former had higher levels of belief in fair world than the latter  Manuscript profile

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103 - A New Uni-attribute Control Chart to Monitor the Number of Nonconformities
sonia javadi S.T.A Niaki

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104 - Predicting of Narcissistic Personality Characteristics Based on Parent’s Attachment Style And Parents educational belief
baran moradi mojgan sepahmansour

This study examined the predicting of parent’s attachment style and parents education beliefs. The sample consisted of 136 girls and 117 boys that were selected from Karaj azad university students with their mothers by a access sample. To verify the hypotheses, Th More

This study examined the predicting of parent’s attachment style and parents education beliefs. The sample consisted of 136 girls and 117 boys that were selected from Karaj azad university students with their mothers by a access sample. To verify the hypotheses, The Attachment Styles Questionnaire (Fraley, Waller& Brennan), the narcissistic personality Questionnaire (NPI-40), the parents education beliefs, were used. The data were analyzed using descriptive and multiple regression methods. The results showed that insecure/anxiety attachment and parents education beliefs can significantly predict narcissist personality. Also was significantly positive related to the insecure/anxiety attachment and narcissist personality. Also was significantly positive related to the parental beliefs relating to effective development to punishment and rules with and Narcissistic personality characteristics on the based on narcissist personality. While was not significantly related to the parental beliefs relating to effective of genetic, environment and rew s. Keywords: narcissist personality characteristics, attachment style, education beliefs. Manuscript profile

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105 - The relationship between early maladaptive schemas and irrational relationship beliefs mediated by effective conflict resolution styles
Masoumeh Sayyadi Rahman Sheykhhadi Sirouei Sahar Ghafouri

The aim of the present study was to determine the mediating role of effective conflict resolution styles on the relationship between maladaptive early schemas and irrational relationship beliefs. This was done in the framework of causal model. The method was correlation More

The aim of the present study was to determine the mediating role of effective conflict resolution styles on the relationship between maladaptive early schemas and irrational relationship beliefs. This was done in the framework of causal model. The method was correlation. For this reason 293 female undergraduate and postgraduate students of university of Tehran, Which were selected by random multi-stage cluster sampling, completed a Young Schema Questionnaire (YSQ, 1990), The Relationship Belief Inventory (RBI, 1982) and Rahim Organizational Conflict Inventory–II (ROCI-II,1983). Data analysis was performed using structural equation modeling with AMOS software. Finding revealed that direct effect of early maladaptive schemas and effective conflict solving styles (integration style and compromise style) was significant on relationship beliefs (p = 0/001). Also, in the relationship between maladaptive early schemas and relationship beliefs, the effective conflict solving styles had a mediating role (p < 0/01). Therefore, therapists can reduce the impact of relationship beliefs in their clients by evaluating early maladaptive schemas and increasing the skills of effective conflict resolution. Manuscript profile

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106 - The Relationship of Core Anti-Social Beliefs, Social Anxiety and Academic Excitement Considering the Mediating Role of Experiential Avoidance and Social Problem-Solving in 15-18 Years-Old Students
Hossien Rezapour Mansoureh Bahramipour Isfahani, Hajar Turkan

  The present study was conducted to determine the relationship between core anti-social beliefs, social anxiety and academic excitement, considering the mediating role of experiential avoidance and social problem-solving in 15-18 years-old students. The research m More

  The present study was conducted to determine the relationship between core anti-social beliefs, social anxiety and academic excitement, considering the mediating role of experiential avoidance and social problem-solving in 15-18 years-old students. The research method is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive correlation in terms of the type of data and research method. The statistical population includes 3000 male high school students in the second round of the 2nd education district in the academic year of 2022 in Isfahan City. Among these, 341 people were selected as a sample using the cluster sampling method and using Morgan's table. To collect data from questionnaires of antisocial core beliefs (Apshe and De-Meo, 2012), adolescent social anxiety (Paklek, 2004), academic excitement (Pekrun et al., 2002), experimental avoidance of acceptance and action (Bond et al., 2011) and the ability to solve social problems (Drizila et al., 2011) were used. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS-24 and AMOS-26 software. The results showed that experiential avoidance plays a mediating role in the relationship between the mentioned variables and all the effects are significant at the 0.05 level and can be generalized except for the direct effect of antisocial core beliefs on social problem-solving at the 0.01 level. Manuscript profile

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107 - Path analysis of the relationship between intelligence beliefs and students' academic procrastination: Mediating role of achievement goals
Saeed Moshtaghi

The aim of this study was to explain the causal relationship between intelligence beliefs, achievement goals and academic procrastination. For this purpose, 375 students of Dezful Islamic Azad University were selected by stratified random sampling method. In order to me More

The aim of this study was to explain the causal relationship between intelligence beliefs, achievement goals and academic procrastination. For this purpose, 375 students of Dezful Islamic Azad University were selected by stratified random sampling method. In order to measure the variables of the research, the Procrastination Scale (Lay, 1986); the Implicit Beliefs of Intelligence (Abd-El-Fattah & Yates, 2006) and the Achievement Goal Scale (Elliot & McGregor, 2001) were used. The model was evaluated using path analysis and with the help of Amos software. The results indicated that the proposed model had acceptable fit with regard to the indices obtained. In this model, the increasing belief in intelligence, the mastery-oriented and performance-oriented achievement goals have a significant direct effect on procrastination. In addition, the indirect effect of incremental intelligence beliefs on academic procrastination through the goal of mastery was also significant. But the direct and indirect relationship between entity intelligence beliefs and academic procrastination was not confirmed. Based on the above results, increasing belief in intelligence and increasing the inner motivation of students by encouraging and orienting the goal of mastery achievement in students can reduce the incidence of academic procrastination in them. Manuscript profile

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108 - Influence of marriage preparation programme instruction on couples communication beliefs
Javad Khalatbari Shohreh Ghorbanshiroudi Zahra Madiuon

The present research designed and implemented with the goal of study of marriage preparation programme instruction influence on the couples communication beliefs of 300 couples that had referred to Kermanshah’s health center for pre-marriage consultation, 40 perso More

The present research designed and implemented with the goal of study of marriage preparation programme instruction influence on the couples communication beliefs of 300 couples that had referred to Kermanshah’s health center for pre-marriage consultation, 40 persons (20 males and 20 females) who had got the highest score in the communication beliefs (the accepted score should be mentioned) in comparison to other group members were selected and in the next steps, this 40-member group was divided randomly into two groups of control (comparison group is a more appropriate word) and experiment. That constituted 20 persons of experimental group and 20 persons of control group and the experimental group has been participated instruction classes of marriage preparation programme. After finishing of instruction classes of the marriage preparation programme, again inventory of the communication beliefs performed as a post-test. Collected data has been used by covariance analysis test to examine variation in unreasonable beliefs. Obtained result of first hypothesis showed that instruction of the marriage preparation programme is effective in changing couples communication beliefs, and generally unreasonable communication beliefs have been decreased meaningfully. According to the second hypothesis, instruction of the marriage preparation programme has been effective in variation of married male’s communication beliefs. In the third hypothesis also this point was confirmed that instruction of the marriage preparation programme has been effective in variation of the couple’s communication beliefs, in belief component to ruin disagreement. Also the fifth hypothesis confirm that instruction of the marriage preparation programme is effective in changing of the couples communication beliefs, in the belief component to exchangeability of a spouse. And the sixth hypothesis results suggested that instruction of the marriage preparation programme is effective in changing couples communication beliefs in the component of reading mind expectation. And eighth hypothesis is based on the effect that instruction of the marriage preparation programme is effective in changing of the couples communication beliefs about generic differences, no meaningful changes have be seen in the post-test, so these two hypotheses were not confirmed. Manuscript profile

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109 - The Study relation emotional intelligence and epistemological beliefs with creativity
Zahra Ghanbari Zarandi Mohammad Ghafari Majlaj Sadollah Hashemi Razini

The Purpose of present study was the study relation emotional intelligence and epistemological beliefs with creativity in high school student in Karaj city in 87-88 years. For this purpose 120 students were selected random cluster sampling method. Measuring instruments More

The Purpose of present study was the study relation emotional intelligence and epistemological beliefs with creativity in high school student in Karaj city in 87-88 years. For this purpose 120 students were selected random cluster sampling method. Measuring instruments included emotional intelligence Sibrya shering questioner, Gilford creativity Scale and epistemological beliefs questioner. For analysis data used correlation coefficient Pierson and step by step Regression. The results revealed that there is meaning positive relation between creativity and Predictive variables, the stronger relation was between self awareness and weakness' relation epistemological beliefs.  Manuscript profile

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110 - The relationship between meta cognitive awareness from study strategies and intellectual beliefs with academic achievement
Masoumeh Bagherpur Hasan Abdollahzadeh

The aim of the current research is to study the relationship between meta cognitive awareness from study strategies and intellectual beliefs with academic achievement of students of Islamic Azad University, Bandar Gaz branch. The numbers of 280 samples were selected usi More

The aim of the current research is to study the relationship between meta cognitive awareness from study strategies and intellectual beliefs with academic achievement of students of Islamic Azad University, Bandar Gaz branch. The numbers of 280 samples were selected using stratified random sampling. The data collection tools were Meta cognition Questionnaire from study strategies of Mokhtari And Richard and Babaei’s intellectual beliefs. The Pearson correlation test and linear regression techniques (stepwise) was used. According to results Meta cognitive awareness of study strategies (global study, support study, problem solving study) and incremental intellectual beliefs and academic achievement are related. There is relationship between academic achievement and entity intelligence beliefs. The regression analysis of predictive variables, incremental intellectual beliefs and problem-solving study strategy can predict their academic achievement. Manuscript profile

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111 - Model causal relationship between epistemological beliefs, motivation, approaches to learning and academic progress
Hamze Farhadi Nia Homan Rajabi Mosa Abakhti

This study investigated the relationship between epistemological beliefs, motivation, approaches to learning and academic progress of science was done. For this purpose, 444 students of secondary school Karaj city were selected through cluster sampling method. And epist More

This study investigated the relationship between epistemological beliefs, motivation, approaches to learning and academic progress of science was done. For this purpose, 444 students of secondary school Karaj city were selected through cluster sampling method. And epistemological beliefs questionnaire Connelly (2004), learning approaches Cavallo (1994) and achievement motivation Cavallo (1996) responded. The average score of the first quarter of the academic year 94/95 was received from teachers. The path analysis was used to analyze the data. Epistemological beliefs than belief in the certainty of knowledge have a direct effect on students' learning approaches. These beliefs have an indirect effect on students' approaches to learning and direct effect on achievement motivation was. Approaches to learning and motivation, as well as mediating the effects of epistemological beliefs on academic progress of students in science. Providing areas of scientific debate in the classroom, creating opportunities for student involvement in science laboratories and practical work plays an important role in improving students' epistemological beliefs. Manuscript profile

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112 - Predicting Pregnancy Anxiety Based on Metacognitive Beliefs and Psychological Health in Pregnant Women in Tabriz
Farideh NasirikenariKenari Mehdi Rahnavard Bakhshayesh Mortaza Azizi

10.30495/jwsf.2020.585246.1335

The aim of this study was to predict pregnancy anxiety based on metacognitive beliefs and psychological health in pregnant women. The research design Was descriptive correlational According to the research design and statistical population, 100 pregnant women were selec More

The aim of this study was to predict pregnancy anxiety based on metacognitive beliefs and psychological health in pregnant women. The research design Was descriptive correlational According to the research design and statistical population, 100 pregnant women were selected by available sampling method. The Kelberg General Health Questionnaire, Beck Anxiety and Wells Metacognitive Beliefs questionnaire were used in the data collection process. Collected data were analyzed by using  Pearson correlational analysis and Pearson correlational  analysis and multiple regression (p <0.05). The results showed a significant positive relationship between mental health and gestational anxiety; and between metacognitive beliefs and pregnancy anxiety. Also, regarding the main hypothesis of the research, the findings showed that the combination of psychological health variables and metacognitive beliefs could significantly explain pregnancy anxiety; Accordingly, the results of the present study can provide useful information to promote scientific and practical knowledge for obstetricians and psychologists. Manuscript profile

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113 - Comparison of Metacognitive Beliefs, Satisfaction Feeling, Self-Efficacy and Sense of Mental coherence between Satisfaction and Conflicting women
Fariba Khani Asghar Aghaei

10.30495/jwsf.2022.1958531.1693

By identifying the factors affecting marital satisfaction, practical steps can be taken to strengthen and stabilize the family's foundations and plan to reduce injuries and problems between women. This study aimed to compare metacognitive beliefs, satisfaction, self-eff More

By identifying the factors affecting marital satisfaction, practical steps can be taken to strengthen and stabilize the family's foundations and plan to reduce injuries and problems between women. This study aimed to compare metacognitive beliefs, satisfaction, self-efficacy and sense of mental coherence of satisfaction women and conflicting women. The statistical population of the study included all women who referred to counseling centers in Isfahan in February 2016. Among them, 150 satisfaction and conflicted women were selected by available sampling . Data were collected using a metacognitive questionnaire, self-efficacy questionnaire, marital satisfaction questionnaire, sense of mental coherence questionnaire and analyzed by descriptive statistics and multivariate analysis of variance(MANOVA). The results showed that the difference between the mean scores of metacognitive beliefs, marital satisfaction, self-efficacy and sense of mental coherence  in the two groups of women with marital conflict and teams with joy was significant (p <0.05). Marital conflicts affect women the most and affect metacognitive beliefs, feelings of satisfaction, self-efficacy and sense of mental coherence in women. Manuscript profile

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114 - Comparison of the effectiveness of approaches based on acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) and reality therapy on irrational thoughts of female supervisors under the auspices of the Relief Committee
Yagoub Nikookar Alireza Jafari Ghorban Fathi Aghdam jafar poyamanesh

10.30495/jwsf.2021.1933872.1586

The purpose of the present study was to compare the effectiveness of two approaches based on the acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) and reality therapy on the irrational thoughts of female-headed households covered by the Relief Committee. The method of the present More

The purpose of the present study was to compare the effectiveness of two approaches based on the acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) and reality therapy on the irrational thoughts of female-headed households covered by the Relief Committee. The method of the present study quasi-experimental with pretest-posttest-follow-up and control group. The statistical population of the study included  153 female-headed households of Shabestar County Relief Committee, of which 30 people were selected by available and targeted sampling method whose score was selected in Jones Balabood irrational beliefs test and randomly divided into two experimental groups (based on Acceptance and commitment treatment (reality therapy group)and a control group. Data analysis was performed by mixed analysis of variance Results of the analysis showed that the two approaches based on the  acceptance and commitment therapy and reality therapy significantly reduce women's irrational thoughts (P<0.01). Also, comparing the effectiveness of the two groups showed that the effect of treatment method (ACT) on the irrational beliefs of female-headed households was significantly greater than reality therapy(P<0.01), so it can be concluded that irrational beliefs are among the factors that can Cause problems. Based on this model, the acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) and reality therapy approachescan be used to improve and correct clients' irrational beliefs. From this study, it can be inferred that there is a significant difference between the effectiveness of the two treatments on irrational thoughts of female-headed households (P = 0.04). Manuscript profile

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115 - social health survey of households in Tabriz metropolis
Ali Panahi Arghavan Elmi

10.30495/jwsf.2023.1997152.1904

Social health is the ability to effectively and efficiently perform social roles without harming others, and in fact, it is an evaluation of the individual's conditions and work in society. The general purpose of this study was to predict the social factors related to t More

Social health is the ability to effectively and efficiently perform social roles without harming others, and in fact, it is an evaluation of the individual's conditions and work in society. The general purpose of this study was to predict the social factors related to the social health of households in Tabriz city. Social health is not only a biological issue and social factors also play an effective role in determining the health level of people. The research method was a survey and the data collection tool was a questionnaire. The statistical population is the households of the city of Tabriz, whose number was equal to 428,009. According to the sample size formula, the number of 326 sample households was determined. The sampling method was a multi-stage cluster. The results of the regression analysis showed that among the predictor variables, four variables of religious beliefs, feelings of hopelessness, social trust and spending leisure time remained in the final model and these variables explained 22% of the variance of the social health variable. Manuscript profile

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116 - The effect of teaching positive thinking skills based on spiritual resources and religious beliefs on resilience and psychological well-being of mothers with autistic children
Abdollah rashidzadea Mansor Beyrami Toraj Touraghashemi Mirmahmod mirnasab

10.30495/jwsf.2019.668799

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of teaching positive thinking skills based on spiritual resources and religious beliefs on resilience and psychological well-being of mothers with autistic children. The method of this research was quasi-experimental u More

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of teaching positive thinking skills based on spiritual resources and religious beliefs on resilience and psychological well-being of mothers with autistic children. The method of this research was quasi-experimental using a pretest-posttest design with a control group. The statistical population in this study consisted of all mothers with autistic children who referred to welfare centers in Tabriz in 1995. 30 people were selected by available sampling method. The instruments used in the study were the Reef Psychological Well-Being Scale and Richard Sonn's Fertility. Data obtained from research questionnaires were analyzed by univariate and multivariate analysis of covariance. Manuscript profile

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117 - Investigating the Role of Political Trust and Religious Beliefs in Political Development (Case Study of Bandar Gaz)
Jafar Mallah Abolghasem Heidarabadi Sefollah Farzaneh

10.30495/jss.2022.1943721.1392

Bandar Gaz city has not grown significantly in the field of political development and the level of political participation and activity of political parties in it is low. Political development is influenced by social and cultural factors, including political trust and r More

Bandar Gaz city has not grown significantly in the field of political development and the level of political participation and activity of political parties in it is low. Political development is influenced by social and cultural factors, including political trust and religious beliefs. The present article aimed to analyze the effects of political trust and religious beliefs on political development. The research method was survey and information was collected using a questionnaire. All people over 15 years old in Gaz port have been selected as the statistical population, which is equal to 36785 people. The sampling method is multi-stage cluster and the sample size according to Cochran's formula is 380 people. The measurement tool has a formal validity and its reliability for the political development variable is equal to 0.790.The findings show that the average political development is 2.01, which is a higher than average number. The dimension of political participation with an average of 2.31 has the highest average and the dimension of political freedom with an average of 1.76 have the lowest value among the dimensions of political development. The variables of religiosity and political trust have a positive and direct relationship with the level of political development. The results of multivariate regression show that 33.9% of the changes in political development are explained by variables. Religiosity has the least effect and political trust has the most effect on political development. Therefore, the role of political trust and religious beliefs in increasing and accelerating the political development of Gaz port should be considered. Manuscript profile

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118 - The examination of the relationship between social alienation, economic poverty and beliefs with hope for the future in Students of Islamic Azad University of Marand
Amir Ali Amirhkannejad Samad Sabagh

The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between social alienation, economic poverty and beliefs with hope for the future in Students of Islamic Azad University of Marand in 2015-2016 academic years. The purpose of this study is Practical, the metho More

The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between social alienation, economic poverty and beliefs with hope for the future in Students of Islamic Azad University of Marand in 2015-2016 academic years. The purpose of this study is Practical, the method of the study is descriptive and from data collection perspective is Fieldwork. The study population consisted of all Marand Islamic Azad University students who were 5800subjects.The sample size was 360 that was estimated using Cochran formula and were selected by stratified cluster sampling method. For datacollectiontwoquestionnaireswere used: Miller Hope Questionnaire (MHS)and researcher-made questionnaire with the acceptable reliability and validity. For statistical analysis descriptive and inferential statistics, correlation coefficient and Student T test were used.  Results show that, hope for the future has negative relationship with social alienation and economic poverty, and has a positive relationshipwith beliefs. Also One-way analysis of variance shows that, the impact of gender and educational level variables is not meaningful on the students hope for the future. Manuscript profile

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119 - The relationship between students’ religious beliefs and lifestyle in Islamic Azad University of Varzeghan
Shahla Mousazadeh Mahmood Elmi

This research is an applied research and in terms of time, cross-sectional. Also in terms of user control this study is a survey. The population of the study is all students in Islamic Azad University of Varzeghan in 94-93 (1200), and the sample size is 185 students acc More

This research is an applied research and in terms of time, cross-sectional. Also in terms of user control this study is a survey. The population of the study is all students in Islamic Azad University of Varzeghan in 94-93 (1200), and the sample size is 185 students according to Cochran formula. According to research findings, there is a difference between following variables: type of body management, type of leisure activities, habits and type of cultural consumption with religious beliefs.  Also, according to the results of the regression model, the cultural consumption variable plays the most important role in determining the extent of religious beliefs. After cultural consumption, leisure activities are in the second step, body management in the third step and habits in the fourth step. Manuscript profile

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120 - The assessment of the social factors associated with social health of families in Tabriz
Samad Sabbagh Narmineh Moinian Sara Sabbagh

One of the key goals of health system in each country is to maintain and improve the health and quality of life for all people in the community. To do this, providing the appropriate facilities for meeting the physical, mental, social health needs of human life at all s More

One of the key goals of health system in each country is to maintain and improve the health and quality of life for all people in the community. To do this, providing the appropriate facilities for meeting the physical, mental, social health needs of human life at all stages is considered as the basic rights. Health is not just a biological subject, but social factors are also involved in determining the health status of the people. Many factors contribute to this situation such as social confidence, leisure time, feeling of hopelessness, religious beliefs and socio-economic status of individuals. Method of study is Survey and technique for collecting data was standardized questionnaire.  Statistical Population includes Tabriz households who were 428,009. According to the formula for determining the sample size, 326 households were selected for Tabriz city. Sampling method was multi-stage cluster sampling method. The overall aim of this study was to determine the social factors associated with social health in Tabriz families. Results of this study show that there is a significant relationship between social health of Tabriz households and the mentioned variables.   Manuscript profile

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121 - Examination of cultural and social factors associated with teachers’ social confidence in Salmas in educational year of 1393-94
Ashraf Pilnejhad Hussein Mirzaei

The purpose of this study is to examine cultural and social factors associated with teachers’ social confidence levels in the first year high school in Salmas city is 1393-94 educational years. The population of the study is all searchers ion Salmas, and the sampl More

The purpose of this study is to examine cultural and social factors associated with teachers’ social confidence levels in the first year high school in Salmas city is 1393-94 educational years. The population of the study is all searchers ion Salmas, and the sample size using Cochran formula is 147 males and 103 females who were selected by cluster random sampling. The validity of the questionnaire is of face validity type and its reliability was estimated by Cronbach alpha. The final data in descriptive level were analyzed by frequency, percentage and diagram and in inferential level were analyzed using variance, Pearson and T test. The findings show that, there is a direct and meaningful relationship between independent variables of (Religious beliefs, social security, Traditionalism, Social status, Altruism) with teachers’ social trust. Also, there is a reverse relationship between background variables of (education, field of teaching, teaching location and gender) social confidence. Manuscript profile

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122 - عقاید مدرسان با تجربه و تازه کار در مورد استقلال یادگیرنده
سمیرا بشیری نسرین حدیدی تمجید زهره سیفوری

استقلال یادگیرنده به عنوان هدف نهایی در تبیین برنامه های آموزشی در بسیاری اززبانها از دهه سوم قرن بیستم معرفی شده است؛ و مدرسان به تاثیربرجسته نقش ارتقا استقلال یادگیرنده در فرایند آموزش و یادگیری زبان انگلیسی تاکید دارند. با این وجود، تعداد بسیار محدودی از مطالعات انجا More

استقلال یادگیرنده به عنوان هدف نهایی در تبیین برنامه های آموزشی در بسیاری اززبانها از دهه سوم قرن بیستم معرفی شده است؛ و مدرسان به تاثیربرجسته نقش ارتقا استقلال یادگیرنده در فرایند آموزش و یادگیری زبان انگلیسی تاکید دارند. با این وجود، تعداد بسیار محدودی از مطالعات انجام گرفته در این حوزه به بررسی معنا و مفهوم استقلال یادگیرنده از دیدگاه مدرسان پرداخته اند. مطالعه حاضر به بررسی این مفهوم و عقاید مدرسان تازه کار و با تجربه درمورد استقلال یادگیرنده پرداخته است. تعداد 40 نفر از مدرسان زبان انگلیسی در دو گروه تازه کار و باتجربه و براساس سابقه تدریسشان در این مطالعه شرکت داشتند. یک پرسشنامه  که از شورای آموزشی بریتانیا اقتباس شده، استفاده شد تا میزان اعتقاد مدرسان به استقلال یادگیرنده مورد سنجش قرار بگیرد. نتایج حاصل از بررسی داده ها نشان داد که تفاوت معنی داری بین عقاید مدرسان تازه کار و باتجربه در مورد استقلال یادگیرنده وجود دارد. یاقته های مطالعه حاضر می تواند برای مدرسان در به کارگیری و ارتقا استقلال یادگیرنده در کلاسهایشان بطور کلی و در درگیر نمودن زبان آموزان در فرایند آموزش و یادگیری زبان انگلیسی به صورت ویژه مورد استفاده قرارگیرد. Manuscript profile

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123 - رابطه میان هوش بین فردی و میان فردی، اضطراب تدریس، و باورهای مدیریت کلاس در میان اساتید زبان تخصصی
مودت سعیدی زهره بیات شهبازی

10.30495/jal.2021.681355

هدف مطالعه ی حاضر بررسی رابطه ی میان هوش بین فردی و میان فردی، اضطراب تدریس، و باورهای مدیریت کلاس در میان اساتید زبان تخصصی  با رویکرد تحقیقی همبستگی بود. بدین منظور، ۹۸ استاد زبان تخصصی، بخشهای مربوط به این دو هوش از پرسشنامه ی مکنزی، پرسشنامه ی اضطراب تدریس، و ا More

هدف مطالعه ی حاضر بررسی رابطه ی میان هوش بین فردی و میان فردی، اضطراب تدریس، و باورهای مدیریت کلاس در میان اساتید زبان تخصصی  با رویکرد تحقیقی همبستگی بود. بدین منظور، ۹۸ استاد زبان تخصصی، بخشهای مربوط به این دو هوش از پرسشنامه ی مکنزی، پرسشنامه ی اضطراب تدریس، و ابزار سنجش باورهای مدیریت آموزشی و رفتاری را تکمیل کردند. نتایج آزمون همبستگی پیرسون، رابطه ی معنادار و منفی میان هوش بین فردی و باورهای مدیریت کلاس را آشکار ساخت در حالیکه درمیان هوش میان فردی و باورهای مدیریت کلاس ارتباطی یافت نشد. نتایج مشابهی در مورد رابطه ی این دو هوش و اضطراب تدریس در میان اساتید زبان تخصصی بدست آمد. علاوه بر این، رابطه ی معنادار و منفی میان اضطراب تدریس و باورهای مدیریت کلاس اساتید زبان تخصصی پیدا شد. نتایج تحلیل رگراسیون حاکی از نقش پیش بینی کننده ی هوش بین فردی برای باورهای مدیریت کلاس اساتید زبان تخصصی بود. علاوه بر این، آزمون تی مستقل نشان داد که اساتید زبان و رشته ی تخصصی که زبان تخصصی را ارائه می نمایند از نظر اضطراب تدریس و باورهای مدیریت کلاس، تفاوت معناداری دارند. نتایج در پرتو مطالعات پیشین مورد بحث قرار گرفته و برخی کاربردهای آن برای دوره های آموزشی مدرسان زبان تخصصی ارائه شده است. Manuscript profile

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124 - Explain the Mediating Role of Self-Directed Learning in the Relationship Between Metacognitive Beliefs and Academic Procrastination of High School Students
sima alizadeh Elnaz Yahak

10.30495/jinev.2023.1978865.2834

The aim of this study was to explain the mediating role of self-directed learning in the relationship between metacognitive beliefs and academic procrastination of high school students. The research method was descriptive-correlational and the statistical population was More

The aim of this study was to explain the mediating role of self-directed learning in the relationship between metacognitive beliefs and academic procrastination of high school students. The research method was descriptive-correlational and the statistical population was all 6100 high school students in Miandoab, of which 361 were selected using cluster sampling using Morgan table. Data collection tools were standardized questionnaires of metacognitive beliefs of Wales et al., Gagilmino self-directed learning, and Solomon and Rodoblum. Validity (content and structure) and reliability (Cronbach's alpha coefficient) of the questionnaires indicated that the measuring instruments had good validity and reliability. The results of testing the hypotheses by SPSS and PLS software and using correlation tests and structural equation modeling showed that Self-directed learning plays a significant role in the relationship between metacognitive beliefs and academic procrastination (p<0.01) and the relationship between the three components of positive beliefs about worry (p<0.05), cognitive confidence (p<0.05) and cognitive self-awareness. (p<0.01) with academic procrastination and with the mediating role of self-directed learning is negative and significant. Self-leadership is positive and significant (p<0.01). Finally, the results showed that self-leadership learning has a negative and significant relationship with academic procrastination (p< 0.01). Finally, the results showed that self-directed learning has a negative and significant relationship with academic procrastination (p< 0.01). Therefore, by strengthening positive metacognitive beliefs in students and, consequently, increasing self-directed learning, it is possible to reduce academic procrastination in them. Manuscript profile

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125 - The Causal Model of Predicting Self-Regulatory Learning Strategies of Payame Noor University Students: The Role of Intelligence Beliefs, Achievement Goals and Educational Self-efficacy
Samad Abedi Bahman Saeidipour Mohammad Hassan Seif Mehran Farajollahi

The present investigation aims at examining the relationship among the Intelligence beliefs, educational self-efficacy, and achievement goals as well as their role in self-regulatory learning strategies (Cognitive and Meta Cognitive Strategies) of Payame Noor University More

The present investigation aims at examining the relationship among the Intelligence beliefs, educational self-efficacy, and achievement goals as well as their role in self-regulatory learning strategies (Cognitive and Meta Cognitive Strategies) of Payame Noor University students using a causal Model framework and through Path Analysis. In order to test the hypotheses, a sample of 600 students from Payame Noor University centers through multiple cluster sampling and stratified sampling were randomly selected, who answered a self-report questionnaire consisting of subscales of the intelligence beliefs (Abd-El-Fattah & Yates, 2006), achievement goals (Middleton & Midgley, 1997) and scale of educational self-efficacy and self-regulatory learning strategies taken from the Motivated Strategies for Learning questionnaire (Pintrich & DeGroot, 1990). The results indicated that the proposed causal model after revision enjoys a good fit index, and that the variables formed 34 and 30 percent of the total variance of cognitive and metacognitive strategies. In general, according to the results of this study, it was revealed that intelligence beliefs not only have a direct effect but also have an indirect impact on the students’ self-regulatory learning strategies through achievement goals and educational self-efficacy. The results indicated that students’ intelligence beliefs, especially incremental intelligence beliefs,                    through the mediation of achievement goals and educational self-efficacy, can be effective on the students’ self-regulatory learning strategies, and finally, on their performance. Therefore, it is essential that these beliefs be enhanced through enriching the living and learning contexts Manuscript profile

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126 - The Effectiveness of Meta Cognitive Therapy in Meta Cognitive Beliefs Change and Body Image Concern (BICI) of Depressed Female High School Students
Simin Simin GholamreZaei Mahdi Yousefvand Firouzeh Ghazanfari Ali Asghar Farokhzadian

The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of Meta Cognitive Therapy in the level change of negative and positive Meta Cognitive beliefs and body image concern (BICI) of depressed female high school students in Khorramabad. This research was quasi-experime More

The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of Meta Cognitive Therapy in the level change of negative and positive Meta Cognitive beliefs and body image concern (BICI) of depressed female high school students in Khorramabad. This research was quasi-experimental with pretest - posttest and control group. The sample consisted of 40 subjects with depression selected fromamong female high school students in Khorramabad, and randomly assigned to an experimental group (Meta Cognitive Therapy) and a control group. the experimental group in Intervention stage received 9 sessions of 2 hours of Meta Cognitive Therapy. During this period, the control group received no intervention. To collect the data, Body Image Scale (BII) of Fisher (1979), Beck Depression scale (1988) and metacognitive beliefs of Welles and katrait - Hutton (2004), in the pre-test and post-test for both experimental and control groups were used. The research data were analyzed using spss 21 software (SPSS.21) and conducting ANCOVA. The covariance analysis showed significant differences between the two groups. The results showed that Meta Cognitive Therapy in reducing body image concern (BICI) and negative beliefs as well as increasing positive beliefs is effective. Manuscript profile

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127 - Relationship between epistemological beliefs and attitude to help-seeking behaviors with academic achievement
Akbar Rezaei Leila Pashaei

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the relationship between epistemological beliefs and attitude to help-seeking behaviors with academic achievement. The statistical population of this research consists of all female high school students of Tabriz city More

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the relationship between epistemological beliefs and attitude to help-seeking behaviors with academic achievement. The statistical population of this research consists of all female high school students of Tabriz city in the educational years 2008- 2009. For this 382 students were selected as statistical samples through the random multi-stage cluster sampling method. The Questionnaires of epistemological beliefs (schommer, 1990) and help-seeking behaviors (gadampour and sarmad, 2003) were completed by these students. In this research, cumulative point’s average was used as dependent variable and the multiple regression analysis and Pierson correlation was carried out to analyze data. The results showed that: (1) Academic achievement has a negative and significant correlation with simple/absolute knowledge and fast/fixed learning epistemological beliefs and Avoidance of help-seeking, but it has a positive and meaningful correlation with Adaptive help-seeking. (2) Adaptive help-seeking has a negative and significant correlation with simple/absolute knowledge epistemological belief and Avoidance of help-seeking, but it has a positive and meaningful correlation with simple/absolute knowledge. (3) Fast/fixed learning epistemological belief were the best predictor of student academic achievement, and simple/absolute knowledge and Adaptive help-seeking ranked thereafter. Manuscript profile

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128 - Effectiveness of Problem Solving Training on Dysfunctional Attitudes and Irrational Beliefs of Third Grade-High School Students in Sanandaj
Hassan Garibi Sara Javanmardi Changiz Rostami

The current study was designed to determine the effectiveness of problem solving training on dysfunctional attitudes and irrational beliefs of third grade-high school students. This research, in terms of purpose, is an applied inquiry and in terms of implementation is q More

The current study was designed to determine the effectiveness of problem solving training on dysfunctional attitudes and irrational beliefs of third grade-high school students. This research, in terms of purpose, is an applied inquiry and in terms of implementation is quasi-experimental with pre-post test that was executed among high school female students in Sanandaj in 2015. The sampling method was based on random multi-phase clustering. The sample included in two the experimental and control groups randomly selected, each containing 15 people. After selecting the participants and assigning them to the experimental and control groups, the researcher did not provide the control group with any training but the experimental group received 10 one-hour problem solving training sessions based on Hepner and Peterson problem solving skills. In order to collect the data, the irrational beliefs Questionnaire of Jones, and Wisemanʼs Dysfunctional Attitudes Scale have been used. At the end of the experiment, the post test was performed in the experimental and control groups. To analyze the data, descriptive statistics such as the mean and standard deviation and inferential statistics such as ANCOVA and MANCOVA were used. The results indicated that problem solving skills training affect the dysfunctional attitudes and irrational beliefs, such that the attitudes and irrational beliefs decreased as the problem solving skills improved. Also, the covariance analysis results indicated that by eliminating the effectss of the scores of the subgroups of irrational beliefs in the pre-test as a covariate variable, the main effect of training on the scores of irrational beliefs in all dimensions in the post-test is significant Manuscript profile

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129 - The statistical population was 1892 people (118 gifted and 1774 normal) Using Cochran’s adjusted formula the sample size was 51 gifted and 268 normal people
Akbar Rezaei Shabnam Khodakhah

The present study has been undertaken with the purpose of studying the relationship between parenting styles and epistemological beliefs with students' academic achievement. The statistical population of this research was 21251 female high school students of Tabriz city More

The present study has been undertaken with the purpose of studying the relationship between parenting styles and epistemological beliefs with students' academic achievement. The statistical population of this research was 21251 female high school students of Tabriz city in the educational years 2008- 2009. Using Cochran’s adjusted formula 380 students were selected as the statistical samples through the multi-stage cluster sampling method. Questionnaires of epistemological beliefs (schommer, 1990), Baumrind parenting styles (1967) were used to collect the data. Students cumulative point average was used as dependent measure. Multiple regression analysis and Pearson correlation was carried out to analyze the data. The results showed that students' academic achievement has a negative and significant correlation with simple/ absolute and fast/ fixed knowledge with learning epistemological beliefs. Authoritative styles has a positive and significant correlation with simple/ absolute knowledge, but negative and meaningful correlation with and fast/ fixed learning epistemological beliefs. Dictatorship or authoritarian styles has a positive and significant correlation with Simple/ absolute knowledge and fast/ fixed learning. Permissiveness styles has a positive and significant correlation with fast/ fixed learning. Parenting styles was not correlated with academic achievement. simple/absolute knowledge and fast/fixed learning epistemological beliefs were the meaningful predictors factors of students' academic achievement. Manuscript profile

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130 - Studying the Relations between Personality Characteristics & Irrational Beliefs and Job Satisfaction among Personnel of East Azerbaijan Telecommunication Department (PJS)
Saeid Najjarpour Ostadi Hadi Esmkhani Akbarinejad Sholeh Livarjani

The aim of this research is to study the relation between personality characteristics, irrational beliefs and job satisfaction. 100 subjects were selected from among the personnel of East Azerbaijan Telecommunication Department using ranked random sampling and they were More

The aim of this research is to study the relation between personality characteristics, irrational beliefs and job satisfaction. 100 subjects were selected from among the personnel of East Azerbaijan Telecommunication Department using ranked random sampling and they were evaluated using NEO-FFI personality inventory, Jones Irrational Beliefs (IBT) and surveying test of Spector job satisfaction. The method of research is correlation method. Multi-variable regression test, Pearson Correlation Coefficient and T-test were used for data analysis. Testing of hypotheses showed that there is no significant relation between the personality characteristics and job satisfaction and none of personality characteristics can anticipate job satisfaction of individuals. The results also showed that there is no significant relation between irrational beliefs and job satisfaction. The findings indicated that there is a significant and positive relation between personality characteristics and irrational belies, and that neurotic personality characteristics can anticipate the irrational beliefs of individuals. Other findings show that there is a significant difference between men and women in terms of irrational beliefs, and that female subjects have more irrational beliefs than male subjects, but there was no significant difference between the two groups of men and women in terms of job satisfaction. Manuscript profile

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131 - بررسی جامعه‌شناختی رفتارهای انحرافی دانش‌آموزان دختر دوره ی متوسطه شهر بهشهر در سال تحصیلی 1392- 1391
علی رحمانی فیروزجاه علی اصغر عباسی ربابه موسوی زاده

جرم یا انحراف چراغ خطری است که نشان از نقایص یا کمبودهای جامعه دارد و معمولاً دارای علل و عوامل مختلف است. تحقیق حاضر در پی پاسخ به این سؤال اصلی است: نوع رفتارهای انحرافی چیست؟  علل وعوامل به وجود آورنده ی رفتارهای انحرافی دانشآموزان کدام است؟ هدف کلی این پژو More

جرم یا انحراف چراغ خطری است که نشان از نقایص یا کمبودهای جامعه دارد و معمولاً دارای علل و عوامل مختلف است. تحقیق حاضر در پی پاسخ به این سؤال اصلی است: نوع رفتارهای انحرافی چیست؟  علل وعوامل به وجود آورنده ی رفتارهای انحرافی دانشآموزان کدام است؟ هدف کلی این پژوهش تعیین عوامل اجتماعی مؤثر بر رفتارهای انحرافی دانشآموزان میباشد. هدف فرعی تعیین نوع، شدت و عمق رفتارهای انحرافی می باشد. برای تحقق اهداف، فرضیهها از تلفیق سه دیدگاه نظری کنترل اجتماعی هیرشی، یادگیری اجتماعی ساترلند و برچسب استنتاج شده است. روش تحقیق پیمایشی بوده و از ابزار پرسشنامه برای جمعآوری اطلاعات استفاده شده است. جامعه آماری تعداد 3000 دانشآموز دختر دوره متوسطه شهر بهشهر بوده که حجم نمونه با استفاده از فرمول کوکران 300 نفر انتخاب شده است. روش نمونهگیری جهت دسترسی مرتبط  به نمونههای آماری در این پژوهش شیوه نمونهگیری خوشهای چند مرحلهای میباشد. برای تحلیل دادهها از آمار توصیفی واستنباطی (ضریب همبستگی اسپیرمن، رگرسیون خطی چند متغیره وتحلیل مسیر) استفاده شده است. نتایج پژوهش نشان میدهد که بین پذیرش انحراف (برچسب)، اعتقادات دینی، ارتباط با افراد منحرف، تعلقات اجتماعی، مشارکت و پایگاه اقتصادی و اجتماعی والدین به عنوان متغیرهای مستقل و رفتارهای انحرافی دانش آموزان به عنوان متغیر وابسته رابطه معنی‌داری وجود دارد. رفتارهای انحرافی نزدیکان (همنشیان) فرد، پذیرش انحراف(برچسب) به ترتیب بیشترین تأثیر را در بین متغیرهای مستقل بر رفتارهای انحرافی دانش آموزان داشتهاند. در یک جمع‌بندی می‌توان گفت که میزان رفتارهای انحرافی دانش آموزان دختر شهر بهشهر در حد کم است. در مجموع میتوان گفت که وجود همین میزان رفتار انحرافی (با این توضیح که به نظر میرسد مقادیر واقعی رفتارهای انحرافی بیشتر از این  باشد) میتواند مهم و حساس باشد. Manuscript profile

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132 - بررسی تأثیر نوسازی فرهنگی و مکانیسم تأثیرگذاری آن بر ارزش‌های خانواده (مطالعه موردی : شهرستان نهاوند
منصور حقیقتیان مسعود دارابی

طی چند دهه اخیر، نهاد خانواده متأثر از ورود، فرآیند و پیامدهای نوسازی تغییر و تحولات ژرفی را در دو سطح عینی- ساختاری و ذهنی معنایی تجربه کرده است و با مسائل جدیدی مواجه شده است که برخی از آنها معرف پیشرفت و رفاه و برخی دیگر مبین مسائل اجتماعی آسیبزاییاند که به More

طی چند دهه اخیر، نهاد خانواده متأثر از ورود، فرآیند و پیامدهای نوسازی تغییر و تحولات ژرفی را در دو سطح عینی- ساختاری و ذهنی معنایی تجربه کرده است و با مسائل جدیدی مواجه شده است که برخی از آنها معرف پیشرفت و رفاه و برخی دیگر مبین مسائل اجتماعی آسیبزاییاند که به مثابه عواملی بازدارنده از سرعت پیشرفت و توسعه در جامعه می کاهند. بنابراین  هدف پژوهش حاضربه بررسی تأثیر نوسازی فرهنگی و مکانیسم تأثیرگذاری آن بر ارزشهای خانواده در شهرستان نهاوند می پردازد. به منظور دست یابی به این هدف از بین عوامل ومتغیرهای گوناگونی که در فرایند نوسازی بر تحولات خانواده تأثیرگذار است، متغیرهای ریسکپذیری، بازاندیشی، کمرنگشدن باورهای مذهبی به عنوان متغیرهای مستقل انتخاب شده است. مبانی نظری متغیرها و پارامترهای این پژوهش، بر مبنای نظریات: اسملسر، گود، گیدنز و اریش بک و اینگلهارت تدوین شده است.روش تحقیق در این پژوهش پیمایش و ابزار گردآوری داده ها، پرسشنامه دارای قابلیت اعتماد و اعتبار است . جامعه آماری پژوهش، از افراد18 سال به بالاتر اعضاء خانواده ها در شهرستان نهاوند است، حجم نمونه 390 نفر است که با استفاده از فرمول کوکران و با روش خوشه ای چند مرحله ای به دست آمده است.روش اصلی در تحلیل داده ها، رگرسیون و مدل سازی معادلات ساختاری است. نتایج نشان میدهد که سه مؤلفه نوسازی فرهنگی یعنی، ریسک پذیری، بازاندیشی، کمرنگشدن باورهای مذهبی بر افول اشکال خانواده و پیدایش شکل مدرن آن مؤثر بوده است. بعد ریسک پذیری بیشترین میانگین را (3.38) داراست  و کمرنگ شدن باورهای مذهبی با مقدار 3.02 دارای کمترین مقدار میانگین می باشد. و در کل میانگین فرآیند نوسازی فرهنگی در جامعه مورد مطالعه 3.25 بوده است. همچنین نتایج تحلیل رگرسیون حاکی از آن است که نوسازی و مؤلفههای آن در مجموع 25. واریانس تحولات ارزشی خانواده را تبیین میکند. Manuscript profile

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133 - Investigating social factors related to youth political participation Case study: 29-15 year old youth in Ardabil
Nasrin Khodabakhshi

10.22034/ssyj.2022.1942914.1213

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134 - The Role of Sociological Factors Affecting Youth Participation in the Cities of Mazandaran Province
Ahamd Azin Asghar Mohamadi Seyyed Ahmad Jafari Clarijani Ebrahim Salehabadi

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135 - Sociological Study of Factors Influencing Youth Lifestyle (Case Study: 15-29 Years Old Youth in Khalkhal City)
Davood Abdolahi Mohammad Rahimi Hassan Shiralizadeh

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136 - Investigating the Impact of Satellite Networks (GEM TV and Farsi 1) on the Religious Beliefs of Youth in Farashband City
reza Gholamian Reza Farashbandi Mohammad Zangeneh

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137 - The Interplay between Young Learners' Sense of Self-Efficacy in Reading Comprehension and English Language Proficiency
Hamed Barjesteh Mehdi Manoochehrzadeh Seyyed Mohammad Hosseini

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138 - Modeling the Structural Relationship between Epistemological Beliefs Qualities of school life with Academic achievement of Adolescent Students
Jamal Sadeghi Hassan Asadzadeh Hassan Ahadi

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139 - The Relationship of Intelligence Beliefs, Self-Regulation, and Metacognition with School Refusal Behavior in Secondary High School Girl Students
Ali Khaneh Keshi Rajab Ali Mohammadzadeh

10.22034/ssyj.2019.668109

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140 - Intercultural competence, Intercultural sensitivity, and Language Pedagogy: Perspectives of Iranian Novice and Experienced EFL Teachers
Sina Khalili Mohammad Mohammadi

10.30495/jfl.2022.697443

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141 - Impact of Teacher Training Course on Iranian EFL Teachers’ Beliefs
Shirin Abasifar Zahra Fotovatnia

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142 - EFL Students’ Epistemological Beliefs and Use of Cognitive and Metacognitive Strategies in Bahir Dar University
Mulugeta Kahsay

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143 - EFL Teachers’ Beliefs and Motivational Strategies
Hamid Marashi Nazanin Ramin

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144 - Investigating the Impacts of EFL Teachers' Age, Educational Background, Instructional Experience and Gender on Their Beliefs about Formative Assessment
Kamran Mehrgan Abdolmajid Hayati Seyyed Mohammad Alavi

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145 - The Relationship Between School Environment Perceptions and Self-Regulated Learning Strategies with Academic Seriousness and Mediating Role of School Enthusiasm
Mahboube Soleimanpouromran

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146 - The mediation role of metacognition in the relationship between attachment to school and attitude towards students’ use of social networks and emotional atmosphere in family
Samaneh Varesvazirian asghar sharifi Alireza chenari

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147 - On the Relationship between Iranian EFL Teachers’ Grammar Teaching Beliefs and Their Professional Development
Khalegh Setoodeh Esmaeil Jadidi Ehsan Rassaei

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148 - An Introduction to the Religious Beliefs and Politics of Agha Mohammad Khan Qajar
Javad Noorian Amir Teymour Rafiei hamid reza safakish

The religious beliefs of Agha Mohammad Khan Qajar can be discussed regarding his religious policy. A kind of religious belief seems to be apparent and recognizable in his behavior and actions so that he, as the king of a Shiite country, tried to show that he is the guar More

The religious beliefs of Agha Mohammad Khan Qajar can be discussed regarding his religious policy. A kind of religious belief seems to be apparent and recognizable in his behavior and actions so that he, as the king of a Shiite country, tried to show that he is the guardian of the Shiite religion. Generally, the rule of Agha Mohammad Khan is mostly referred to as a military and violent rule. Historical resources have further described his immeasurable military campaigns and bloodshed. In the meantime, the study of his religious spirits and beliefs has been completely neglected. The purpose of this research was to investigate the religious beliefs of Agha Mohammad Khan and his approach in dealing with Shiite scholars. This research is conducted through a descriptive-analytical method using library resources. The results showed that as the founder of the Qajar dynasty, he was completely religious and loyal to the principles of Shiism by his heart regardless of hypocrisy. On the other hand, while respecting Shiite scholars, he did not allow them to involve in political affairs very much and used them occasionally. Manuscript profile

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149 - Local Literature in Mohyi Al-Din Haghshenas's Poetry
Hadi Yousefi Shrare Akbari

Folk literature, mass literature of the Iranian people, is the effect of the illiterate people, which in turn is a part of popular knowledge or popular culture and is equivalent to folklore. There are many beliefs and views among each nation, which are the whole mirror More

Folk literature, mass literature of the Iranian people, is the effect of the illiterate people, which in turn is a part of popular knowledge or popular culture and is equivalent to folklore. There are many beliefs and views among each nation, which are the whole mirror of thought, attitude and interpretation, and their simple and intimate emotions. Many of these beliefs are rooted in the history and culture of a nation that has come from previous generations. Many have been created by the combination and influence of the culture of other peoples. The present paper seeks to examine the emergence and presentation of these thoughts and beliefs in the book of Mohyi Al-Din Al-Hafez (my city, Sanandaj) about various issues. The results show that today, part of these customs such as the night of fireof Nouroz, the night of Yalda, the table of Haft Sin and thirteen Badr, etc. are still common, and some of them include the conventions of inviting the wedding and local indigenous exhibits which have been forgotten, or have been weakened by a combination of culture and other areas. With the understanding of this subject and the possibility of forgetting cultural elements, theologian has rightly begun to recreate it in a simple and intimate language and put it in place for forgetfulness of the forerunners. Manuscript profile

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150 - Comparative Study of native and local elements in Houshang Moradi Kermani and Mohammad Bahman Beygi´s works
Asiyeh Faghih Parashkohi Asghar Eisapour Kohleboni

Literary texts have long been the most important features of local vocabularies, proverbs, customs, and beliefs. Thus, the criticizing native and local elements in literary works has a significant role in survival of these concepts and transferring them to future genera More

Literary texts have long been the most important features of local vocabularies, proverbs, customs, and beliefs. Thus, the criticizing native and local elements in literary works has a significant role in survival of these concepts and transferring them to future generations.  Although the use of local elements in literary texts of Iran has a long history, the term “native and local literature" has entered the literature since the late of the nineteenth century, and it has drawn the attentions to anthropology.  The purpose of this article is to study comparatively the native and local elements in the works of Houshang Moradi Kermani and Mohammad Bahman Beygi, who have dedicated themselves to introducing and transferring their local cultural heritages, Rituals, traditions, beliefs, and native knowledge reviewed in the works of these two writers in a descriptive way. In addition to the quantitative differences of Bahman Beygi's works in an event of graphical manner, such topics are intentionally described in details, but Houshang Moradi Kermani, uses his traditional mind and language in the form of a story to preserve the native and local origination of his works. The necessity and mission of such research is to identify, to draw attention, and to introduce popular culture in less-dealt or less-considered areas. Manuscript profile

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151 - Nowruz and its ceremonies among Kurdish people (relying on the historical background and Ilami people’s customs)
Malek Shoaei Askary Ebrahimi Jooybary

10.30495/irll.2023.703119

Many authors have explained and analyzed Nowruz, the great ceremony of Aryans. For this courtesy, several foundations are considered as the religious, mythical, historical, scientific, and political ones. The glory of the above mentioned festival has been lasted by the More

Many authors have explained and analyzed Nowruz, the great ceremony of Aryans. For this courtesy, several foundations are considered as the religious, mythical, historical, scientific, and political ones. The glory of the above mentioned festival has been lasted by the pass of time, and various folks meet it through special rituals and have convoyed it via glorified rites in order to worship God for his abundant blessings and the supernatural forces to get their own special weal.This article attempted to investigate the relevant rites of New Year as well as Nowruz in Kurdish areas, particularly among the Ilam’s people, through the analytical-descriptive method. some are as followed: the constitution quality of Chaharshanbeh Souri festival, the last Thursday of the year, The national Shili, Haji Firouz, Zeraatali, Ghashigh Da-kay-Dan, Khajang, Sizdahbedar, Panjeh, and the other courtesies and games with the perfect details. In addition, it is struggled to introduce the historical and mythical bases of these rituals and their conservations. All the decencies of Nowruz are founded on expanding this idea that sadness is the evil commodity and happiness is the propitious gift. Manuscript profile

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152 - The Effectiveness of Conceptual Mapping Teaching Methods on Promoting Intellectual Believes and Self-Regulatory Learning of Students
Yahya Safari Farank Mousavi Keivan Azizi Nasrin Yousefpoor Eslam Mohammadi Golini Ameneh Safari

The present study was aimed to determining the effectiveness of conceptual mapping teaching methods on promoting intellectual believes and self-regulatory learning of students. The method of study was semi experimental. The statistical population was all of male high sc More

The present study was aimed to determining the effectiveness of conceptual mapping teaching methods on promoting intellectual believes and self-regulatory learning of students. The method of study was semi experimental. The statistical population was all of male high school students in grade one in Sarpol-e-Zahab city in 2016.  56 students were selected by multi stage cluster random sampling and assigned in to two experimental and control group. The tools of data collecting were two standard questionnaires: intelligence beliefs and self-regulation learning. The Data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of variance (MANCOVA) and covariance (ANCOVA) test. The results showed that there is a significant difference between experimental and control groups in posttest. Also there was a significant difference between experimental and control groups regard to subscale: incremental and innate intelligence, cognitive strategies, management of resources. But related to subscales of metacognitive strategies, there was no significant differences. It seems that the use of conceptual mapping teaching method has been able to promote intelligence beliefs and student self-regulation learning. According to result of this study to promoting intelligence beliefs' and self-regulation learning, use of concept mapping method is suggested. Manuscript profile

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153 - Electronic Portfolio: A Tool for Improving Student's Motivational Beliefs
Ali Dana Nasrin Tork Isa Rezaei

The present research was done on the purpose of examination of the impact of electronic portfolio on student's motivational beliefs. The research method was quasi-experimental with pretest-posttest design with the control group. Statistics population of the research was More

The present research was done on the purpose of examination of the impact of electronic portfolio on student's motivational beliefs. The research method was quasi-experimental with pretest-posttest design with the control group. Statistics population of the research was comprised of all students of faculty of education and psychology of Allameh Tabatabaei University in the academic year of 2013-2014. Research sample was comprised of two masters’ classes which were chosen by available method. The number of each class was 18 students and all the samples were 36 students that were randomly divided into two experimental and control groups. At the beginning of the term both groups were taken a pretest in a same circumstance. Then after the experimental group was assessed by electronic portfolio exposed for one term, at the end of the term in order to examine the changes a posttest was taken from both groups. In order to analysis the data the analysis covariance method were used. The results showed that motivational beliefs of the experimental group has increased significantly compared to the to the control group. So, it could be concluded that the electronic portfolio is one of the assessment and instruction tools that afford improving student's motivational beliefs. Manuscript profile

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154 - Investigating the Relationship between Media Literacy and Epistemological Beliefs with Technology Acceptance of Primary School Teachers in Yazd
Rooh alah Khadem nia seyed kazem alavi langaroodi ahmad zandavanian hamideh hemati

The aim of this study was to determine the role of media literacy and epistemological beliefs in technology acceptance of primary school teachers. The research method is descriptive and correlational. The statistical population of this study includes all teachers of the More

The aim of this study was to determine the role of media literacy and epistemological beliefs in technology acceptance of primary school teachers. The research method is descriptive and correlational. The statistical population of this study includes all teachers of the first and second grades of primary school in Yazd in the academic year 2020-2021, who were totally 2982 teachers; Out of this statistical population, 353 people were selected as the research sample using Cochran's formula by available sampling method. The research data collection tools consisted of three questionnaires: Davis Technology Acceptance, Potter Media Literacy and Schumer's Epistemological Beliefs. Data analysis was performed using Pearson correlation analysis, multiple regression. The findings showed that there is a positive and significant correlation between media literacy and teachers' epistemological beliefs with their technology acceptance and also 25.8% of the variance of technology acceptance by media literacy and epistemological beliefs has been predicted. In fact, the more primary school teachers enjoy media literacy and epistemological beliefs, the higher the technology acceptance. The results of this research can directly affect the acceptance of future online training courses and virtual course designers can benefit from it in a desirable way. Manuscript profile

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155 - A glance at some of Shahriyar’s ethical-educational doctrines
Toraj Aghdaie Hosein Ariyan

Shariyar is an ethic-oriented poet who benefited from ethical and educational content in his poetry and then expressed them artistically. In this article we are not going to present the literary aspect of Shahriar’s work, on the other hand we want to show both edu More

Shariyar is an ethic-oriented poet who benefited from ethical and educational content in his poetry and then expressed them artistically. In this article we are not going to present the literary aspect of Shahriar’s work, on the other hand we want to show both educational and artistic aspect of his work. The study of Shahriar’s poetry shows that he has put great emphasis on the education of his readers. The most important educational contents that have received great attention are as followings "Soul, world, love and leave hostility, shame, patience, courtesy, generosity, contentment, leaving greed, humility, altruism and ...." that expressed his attitude toward these  elements that they mainly constitute individual and social  ethics. In this article the writer has made an attempt to study and analyze educational content used in Shahriar’s poetry and explain its distinguishing features. Manuscript profile

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156 - The effect of group counseling on reinforcement of Adult ego state which is based on transactional analysis theory related to modifying irrational beliefs in 13-15 years old adolescent female students in Isfahan city in 2015-2016
khatereh azadmilajerdi farzaneh niknejadi

The objective of this research was studying about the effect of group counseling on reinforcement of Adult ego state which is based on transactional analysis theory related to modifying irrational beliefs in 13-15 years old adolescent female students in Isfahan city in More

The objective of this research was studying about the effect of group counseling on reinforcement of Adult ego state which is based on transactional analysis theory related to modifying irrational beliefs in 13-15 years old adolescent female students in Isfahan city in 2015-2016. Quasi-experimental research design was set on pretest-posttest with two groups of "experiment and evidence" and "multi-stage cluster sampling". Therefore among the students who had low self-differentiation score and high irrational beliefs score 30 students has selected randomly and the 15 persons were placed in experiment group and the rest were placed in evidence group. Adolescents of experiment group were under 10 sessions of 1.5 hour group counseling group counseling on reinforcement of “Adult ego state “based on transactional analysis theory once a week but the evidence group did not receive any intervention. In this research Irrational Beliefs of Joines were used (1968).The results were analyzed using analysis of covariance showed that group counseling reinforcement of "adult ego state" based on transactional change irrational beliefs and its components, including Demand for approval, high self expectation, preparedness for blame, emotional irresponsibility, anxious over concern, problem avoidance, dependency, helplessness for change, perfectionism had a significant effect (P <0.05), but the components " reaction of frustration "no significant effect. (P>0.05). Keywords: reinforcement of “adult ego state, transactional analysis, irrational beliefs Manuscript profile

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157 - The relationship between social Factors and modernization in secondary school students of Shooshtar city
عبدالرضا‌ هاشمی ashraf Lashkaripor

Abstract The purpose of this study was to investigate the social factors associated with the degree of modernization in high school girl students in Shoushtar. To do this, among the statistical population of 3158 people, 342 people were selected randomly and completed t More

Abstract The purpose of this study was to investigate the social factors associated with the degree of modernization in high school girl students in Shoushtar. To do this, among the statistical population of 3158 people, 342 people were selected randomly and completed the research questionnaire. The main tool of collecting the research was a questionnaire with 58 items including general subscales, socioeconomic status, religious beliefs and the use of virtual media, whose validity and reliability were verified. Sampling was carried out in collaboration with Shoushtar School of Education through random sampling of schools. At presence of researcher in-house, questionnaires were distributed and completed after completion. Data obtained from the questionnaire were analyzed by Pearson correlation and stepwise regression using SPSS software at a significant level of 0.05. The results showed that there is a significant relationship between the socio-economic status of the family (P = 0.016), adherence to religious beliefs (P = 0.001) and ethnicity (P = 0/032) and students tendency to modernity. However, there was no significant relationship between the rate of media use (P = 0.151), and students tendency to modernity. Manuscript profile

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158 - Comparison of irrational beliefs, self-control and excitement in women and men treated with methadone (stimuli)
Marjan Rabei Sara Yavari mahboob

The purpose of this study was to compare irrational beliefs, self-control and excitement in men and women treated with methadone (stimuli). For this purpose, 100 people with addicted methadone (males and females) Available selections. Jones's irrational beliefs question More

The purpose of this study was to compare irrational beliefs, self-control and excitement in men and women treated with methadone (stimuli). For this purpose, 100 people with addicted methadone (males and females) Available selections. Jones's irrational beliefs questionnaire for assessing irrational beliefs, Tangy's self-control questionnaire for measuring self-control variable and Zuckerman's excitement scale for excitement measurement. SPSS-21 software was used to analyze the statistical data. The results showed that there is a difference between the irrational beliefs of women and men treated with methadone and in women treated with methadone, irrational beliefs need to be confirmed by others, there is a tendency to blame and dependence more than men, and in methadone treated men, perfectionism There are more irrational women than women. There is also a difference between the self-control variable in these two groups. The difference is that self-control in women undergoing methadone treatment is more than that of men. In the last review of the research hypothesis, the excitement comparison, it was also found that there are significant differences between the two sexes in this variable. The results show that escape from inhibition and adventure in men treated with methadone is more than that of women, and the morbidity of women treated with methadone is higher than that of men. There is a difference between men and women treated with methadone (stimuli) in terms of irrational beliefs, self-control and excitement. Therefore, researchers, researchers and therapists need to pay attention to the gender differences in women and men treated with methadone. Manuscript profile

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159 - Study of the role of mothers in the religious culture of adolescents in Tehran
parvin Alipoor

Despite the importance of religious issues and religious culture for the individual and society, today, in some circles, the curbs of religious values and religious cultivability are appeased, and this lack of self-expression has become apparent in the form of indiffe More

Despite the importance of religious issues and religious culture for the individual and society, today, in some circles, the curbs of religious values and religious cultivability are appeased, and this lack of self-expression has become apparent in the form of indifference and neglect of religious beliefs and beliefs. . Therefore, it is necessary to pay special attention to issues such as the religious culture of citizens and the strengthening of their religious beliefs and beliefs in society. In this regard, the role of many factors can be studied, but the most prominent role can be found in the family, especially in mothers. Accordingly, this research was conducted with the aim of studying the role of mothers in the religious culture of adolescents in Tehran. The research sample consisted of 384 mothers of 24 to 50 years old in Tehran who were selected on a quotas basis in different regions of Tehran. The findings of the study showed that the role of mothers in increasing the tendencies and religious tendencies of offended children (0.78), improving the actions and religious behaviors of offended children (0.71), increasing adherence to religious rites and religious beliefs of offended children (0.66) , Promotion of religious values of poor children (0.62) and increase of religious knowledge of offended children (0.58) have been significant and significant. Manuscript profile

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160 - Analyzing the social health factors explanation of Tabriz Citizens
Mahmoud Elmi

One of the key goals of health system in each country is to maintain and improve the health and quality of life for all people in the community. To do this, providing the appropriate facilities for meeting the physical, mental, social health needs of human life at all s More

One of the key goals of health system in each country is to maintain and improve the health and quality of life for all people in the community. To do this, providing the appropriate facilities for meeting the physical, mental, social health needs of human life at all stages is considered as the basic rights. Health is not just a biological subject, but social factors are also involved in determining the health status of the people. Many factors contribute to this situation from which we can mention the social confidence, Leisure time, feelings of hopelessness, religious beliefs and socio-economic status of individuals. Method of study is Survey and techniques for collecting the data was standardized questionnaire. Statistical Population includes Tabriz households who were 428,009. According to the formula for determining the sample size, we selected 326 households for Tabriz city. Sampling method was multi-stage cluster sampling method. The overall aim of this study was to determine the social factors associated with social health in Tabriz families. Results of this study show that there was a significant relationship between social health of household of Tabriz and the mentioned variables. Manuscript profile

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161 - The role of Islamic beliefs on the tendency to buy life insurance by emphasizing the mediating role of attitude
Mohammad Azizi Hamid Hosseinlo

Islamic religion and beliefs play an important role in the intention to buy different products. The present study examines the impact of Islamic beliefs on consumers' attitudes and intentions to purchase life insurance. This research is applied in terms of purpose and d More

Islamic religion and beliefs play an important role in the intention to buy different products. The present study examines the impact of Islamic beliefs on consumers' attitudes and intentions to purchase life insurance. This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive and correlational in terms of data collection. The statistical population of the study was the life insurance customers of Iran insurance Company, whose number is 1379 people, using Cochran's formula, 300 people were randomly selected as a sample. The data collection tool was a standard questionnaire. Structural equation method was used for inferential analysis of data. The results showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between Islamic beliefs and attitudes toward life insurance, between consumer attitudes towards life insurance and purchase intention, and finally between product characteristics and purchase intention. Manuscript profile

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162 - اعتقادات معلمان زبان انگلیسی ایرانی در موسسات و دانشگاه های زبان انگلیسی ایران
Mojtaba Moradi Rahman Sahragard Seyyed Ayatollah Razmjoo

10.30495/ttlt.2023.705433

این پژوهش با هدف مقایسه باورهای اساتید ایرانی زبان انگلیسی در موسسات و دانشگاه‌های زبان انگلیسی ایران انجام شد. برای دستیابی به هدف پژوهش از طرح های پژوهشی کیفی و کمی استفاده شد. از اینرو در ابتدا حدود 40 معلم زبان انگلیسی شاغل در موسسات و دانشگاه های استان فارس(20 مرد More

این پژوهش با هدف مقایسه باورهای اساتید ایرانی زبان انگلیسی در موسسات و دانشگاه‌های زبان انگلیسی ایران انجام شد. برای دستیابی به هدف پژوهش از طرح های پژوهشی کیفی و کمی استفاده شد. از اینرو در ابتدا حدود 40 معلم زبان انگلیسی شاغل در موسسات و دانشگاه های استان فارس(20 مرد و 20 زن) برای انجام یک مصاحبه نیمه ساختار یافته به طور تصادفی انتخاب شدند تا با استفاده از روش تئوری زمینه ای مورد بررسی قرار گیرند. پس از کدگذاری داده های به دست آمده از مصاحبه ها، مقوله هایی شناسایی و مدلی طراحی شد. پایایی پرسشنامه از طریق ضریب آلفای کرونباخ بالای 70/0 محاسبه و در تجزیه و تحلیل داده ها نیز از آزمون t مستقل، استفاده شد. نتایج نشان داد که بین باورهای معلمان زبان انگلیسی در دانشگاه ها و مؤسسات تفاوت معناداری وجود دارد و اساتید دانشگاه ازسطح باور بالاتری نسبت به معلمین مؤسسه برخوردار هستند(05/0≥P). لذا نتایج حاصله وجود تأثیرات اجتماعی، مشارکتی، عاطفی و مدیریتی را تأیید می نماید. ضمنا مشخص شد که باورمعلمان زن و مرد زبان انگلیسی نیز متفاوت بوده و تفاوت معناداری با یکدیگر داشته و معلمان زن نیز دارای سطوح باوری بالاتری نسبت به معلمان مرد هستند (05/0≥P). به نظر میرسد ارزیابی باورهای معلمین زبان انگلیسی با تاکید بر تفاوت های جنسیتی شان می تواند در موثر بودن آموزش زبان انگلیسی و درک صحیح رابطه متقابل بین معلم و دانش آموز و تقویت آن موثر باشد. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

163 - Leopard in Mythological Beliefs of Semnan Province; Based on the Folklore Legends of Parvar and Shahmirzad Districts
Neda Imani Khoshkhoo Esmat Esmaili

Folklore legends are on the border of imagination and reality; they have a common border with world of myth and are neighbor of real world. The common themes of folklore legends indicate their mythological common contents. Analysis of secrets and signs of legends and my More

Folklore legends are on the border of imagination and reality; they have a common border with world of myth and are neighbor of real world. The common themes of folklore legends indicate their mythological common contents. Analysis of secrets and signs of legends and myths helps to know their cultural development and formation. In the present article, we try to analyze a symbol in legends and myths of Semnan province, and to examine a common symptom in eastern myths. There is a strong resemblance between stories of goddesses and two legends belong to Shahmirzad and Parvar (in Semnan province) in symbol of "leopard". In these legends, leopard distances from its wild nature and becomes a guardian, and accompanies symbolically the main character of the legends that is a "woman". The legends show the mythological beliefs of people of this district about the animal. Given the relationship between leopard and goddesses in the myths, we can say that leopard is a symbol of a goddess in the legend of Parvar, and in the legend of Shamirzad, it is a symbol of guard as well as goddess. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

164 - The Ritual of Scapegoating in Hadiqat al Haqiqa of Sanāī; A Mythological Analysis
zahra baratieh Qorbānali Ebrāhimi Mehrdād Chatrāee

Scapegoating is one of the religious-mythical rituals, having been long common among different tribes and nations for various purposes. Many of the mythological and ancient traditions have suggested different ways of scapegoating to stay away from disaster or to abolish More

Scapegoating is one of the religious-mythical rituals, having been long common among different tribes and nations for various purposes. Many of the mythological and ancient traditions have suggested different ways of scapegoating to stay away from disaster or to abolish it. In classic Persian literature, Sanāī has been named as one of the first innovators who spread the mystical and philosophical and didactic teachings. As evidenced by the great number poems of Hadiqat al Haqiqa, Sanāī is very familiar with the myths and has well made use of the popular culture of his day. By employing descriptive-analytical and library methods, in the present study, we attempt to show that Sanāī took into consideration various forms of scapegoating - including sacrificing, writing amulet, burning peganum harmala (esfand) - in Hadiqat al Haqiqa. To clarify the matter, after analyzing the doctrine of scapegoating and the related rituals, we examine the cases found in Hadiqat al Haqiqa. The findings of the research indicate that Sanāī has been fully familiar with the rituals of scapegoating and used them in the most artistic way possible in Masnavi of Hadiqat al Haqiqa. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

165 - The Reflection of Mithraic Beliefs on Lori Legends
Sodābeh Keshāvarzi Zarrintāj Vāredi

Mithraism, as one of the oldest religions in the world, dates back to the pre-Zoroastrian era. Mithra is god of covenant and light; he is opposed to chaos, drought, disobedience and lie, and is known as a warrior. Due to the specific characteristics of this god, Mithrai More

Mithraism, as one of the oldest religions in the world, dates back to the pre-Zoroastrian era. Mithra is god of covenant and light; he is opposed to chaos, drought, disobedience and lie, and is known as a warrior. Due to the specific characteristics of this god, Mithraism spread in many parts of Iran. Surviving legends in some parts of Iran have mythological themes and are rooted in some religious beliefs. In the present research, by using descriptive-analytical method, the influence of Mithraic beliefs on Lori legends is examined. We study the legends that have been written in Persian language and have been collected from Lorestan, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari, and Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad provinces. The reader will realize that some of the mythological and religious beliefs of Mithraism, while maintaining their functionality, and some others through transformations, have taken root in Lori legends. Some of these beliefs are as follows: how to be born, warfare, fertility, and phenomena related to sun, cock, crow, eagle, soldier, fire, number seven and cow. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

166 - Analysis of mythological beliefs in Sistani's stories and legends
mohammad fatemimanesh

10.30495/mmlq.2023.707418

Mythological beliefs are a set of views that have a lifetime throughout human history and are the source of many customs and traditions that modern humans have adjusted their interactions and relationships with others based on. These mythological beliefs, which are very More

Mythological beliefs are a set of views that have a lifetime throughout human history and are the source of many customs and traditions that modern humans have adjusted their interactions and relationships with others based on. These mythological beliefs, which are very important from an anthropological point of view, have been manifested in many sociological, artistic and literary fields, and one can easily find their signs among various human phenomena. Among the areas that are one of the main manifestations of mythological beliefs are native and local legends and stories; Elements that require serious attention due to their close relationship with myths; A problem that has been taken into consideration in this research and based on which the author has tried to analyze the mythological beliefs in Sistani's stories and legends by descriptive-analytical method. The results of this research show that beliefs such as belief in duality and conflict of opposites, sanctity of sleep and dreams, Farah Yazidi, belief in Utopia and sanctity of the bones of the dead are among the most important mythological beliefs in Sistani's stories and legends. They are the result of the unbreakable connection of the people of Sistan with the ancient culture of ancient Iran and also the Scythian culture. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

167 - The Mythical Themes of the Story of Good and Evil in Nizami’s Haft Paykar
seyed ahmad Pārsā

Most of ancient beliefs and rituals are presented in old stories and legends. The aim of present article is to study the mythical themes of "the story of good and evil" in Nizami’s Haft Paykar and its relationship with Shahnāmeh. The relation of theme of "the stor More

Most of ancient beliefs and rituals are presented in old stories and legends. The aim of present article is to study the mythical themes of "the story of good and evil" in Nizami’s Haft Paykar and its relationship with Shahnāmeh. The relation of theme of "the story of good and evil" in Haft Paykar with the story of Zahhāk and Kāveh, as well as the relation of both with one of the basic beliefs of Aryans, the principle of goodness and badness which is rooted in the battle of Ahurā Mazdā and Ahriman, are studied by using descriptive, content analysis and library methods. The research shows that Nizami’s story is influenced by the story of Zahhāk and Kāveh and in some cases it can be considered as the complement of Shahnāmeh. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

168 - The Influence of Mithraic Beliefs on Tarikh-e Balami
Farnāz Golshani Atāmohammad Rādmanesh Mahdi Tadayyon NTadayyon ajafābādi

Aryan Iran is cradle of Mithraism; a mysterious religion that traversed the cultural and religious borders and spread in all of the world. So the mystical beliefs of Mithraists and many of their mores and cults become as a part of Iranian and world's people historical h More

Aryan Iran is cradle of Mithraism; a mysterious religion that traversed the cultural and religious borders and spread in all of the world. So the mystical beliefs of Mithraists and many of their mores and cults become as a part of Iranian and world's people historical heritage and culture. The influence of this ancient religion on Zoroastrianism, Christianty and Islamic mysticism is well known. The traces of Mitra, the great Iranian ancient deity and the goddess of light, can be clearly seen in Persian historical and literary texts. Some of Mithraic thoughts are presented in Tarikh-e Balami (history of Balami), by Abu Ali Muhammad Bal'ami. Many of issues about Iranian culture and civilization are widely reported in the book. By using analytic method, the present article tries to examine Mithraic themes in Tarikh-e Balami. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

169 - The Relation between Beliefs and Symptoms of Eating Disorders
Somaieh Baba-ee M. Karim Khodapanahi Bahram Saleh Sedghpour

A sample of 389 University students completed the Eating Attitude Test (Garner & Garfinkel, 1979) and Young’s Schema Questionnaire (2001). The results of stepwise regression analysis showed that the symptoms of eating disorders among males were predicted by ma More

A sample of 389 University students completed the Eating Attitude Test (Garner & Garfinkel, 1979) and Young’s Schema Questionnaire (2001). The results of stepwise regression analysis showed that the symptoms of eating disorders among males were predicted by maladjusted beliefs about mistrust/abuse, dependence/failure, and entitlement. But the symptoms among females were predicted by maladjusted beliefs about entitlement, vulnerability to harm, and enmeshment/undeveloped self. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

170 - Gender, Age, and Socioeconomic Status Differences in Children’s Religious Beliefs
Razieh Nasirzadeh Masoud H. Chari

Interviews and drawings of 122 Iranian children, aged 6 to 11, about religious beliefs and concepts (e.g., God) were examined. The results showed that, children painting God’s image used light more than any other symbol. During free associations, children mentione More

Interviews and drawings of 122 Iranian children, aged 6 to 11, about religious beliefs and concepts (e.g., God) were examined. The results showed that, children painting God’s image used light more than any other symbol. During free associations, children mentioned God’s benevolence more than other attributes. Girls mostly depicted God in the form of symbols, while boys drew God more human-like. In describing God's deeds, 6 to 7 year olds mentioned the more positive and neutral aspects, 9 to 10 year olds noted God's omnipotence, and 10 to 11 year olds spoke mainly of the negative. Children from low socioeconomic status primarily prayed in times of need and on special occasions. Whereas, those with high socioeconomic status preferred praying in particular places and regularly. Implications in teaching religion and its related concepts are discussed. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

171 - Basic religious beliefs,identity crisis,and general health in young adults
Ali Reza Rajaee Mohammad Hossein Bayazi Hamid Habibipour

sample of 440 students in Mashhad Islamic Azad University completed the Basic Religious Beliefs Questionnaire (Rajaee et al., 2008), Identity Crisis Questionnaire (Rajaee et al., 2008), and the General Health Questionnaire (Goldberg, 1972). The results showed the person More

sample of 440 students in Mashhad Islamic Azad University completed the Basic Religious Beliefs Questionnaire (Rajaee et al., 2008), Identity Crisis Questionnaire (Rajaee et al., 2008), and the General Health Questionnaire (Goldberg, 1972). The results showed the persons with high scores on basic religious beliefs had low scores in identity crisis and more general health. A significant negative correlation was found between the identity crisis and general health. Multiple regression ana- lysis showed that basic religious beliefs explained variance of identity crisis (R2 =0.094) and general health (R2 =0.023) among young adults. The results were discussed based on cognitive and emotional theories.     Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

172 - Maternal bonding and vulnerability related to eating:the mediational role of eating disorder beliefs and alexithymia
Ali Asghar Hosseinzadeh Hidar Ali Hooman Mahdieh Salehi Shirin Kooshki

the present study examined a theoretical model of indirect relationship between maternal bonding and symptoms of vulnerability related to eating through two mediational variables eating disorder beliefs and alexithymia. Five hundred and twenty five students (215 females More

the present study examined a theoretical model of indirect relationship between maternal bonding and symptoms of vulnerability related to eating through two mediational variables eating disorder beliefs and alexithymia. Five hundred and twenty five students (215 females, 210 males) were selected through the cluster random sampling. The sample completed the Eating Disorder Inventory (Garner & et al., 1987), the Alexithymia Scale (Bagby & et al., 1994), the Eating Disorder Belief Questionnaire (Cooper & et al., 1997) and the Parental Bonding Instrument (Parker & et al., 1979). The results of structural equation modeling indicated that the maternal bonding had a significant indirect relation to symptoms of vulnerability to eating through alexithymia. However, relation of maternal bonding to symptoms of vulnerability to eating through eating disorder beliefs wasn’t significant. The findings suggested that strengthening maternal bonding can play an important role in preventing eating disorders in adolescents. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

173 - Measuring irrational beliefs about marital relationships:standardization of relationship believes questionnaire(RBQ)
Manochehr Azkhosh Ali Asgari

This study aimed to standardize the Relationship Beliefs Questionnaire (RBQ; Romance & DeBord, 1995) and to investigate irrational beliefs about marital relationships in an Iranian population. Data provided by 535 married Iranian participants (244 males and 291 fema More

This study aimed to standardize the Relationship Beliefs Questionnaire (RBQ; Romance & DeBord, 1995) and to investigate irrational beliefs about marital relationships in an Iranian population. Data provided by 535 married Iranian participants (244 males and 291 females), completing the RBQ, resulted in omitting 13 items due to low item total correlation and factor loadings. Cronbach's alpha for the remaining 58 items scale and test-retest reliability were 0.95 and 0.93 respectively. The result of explanatory factor analysis using oblique rotation method showed that the scale included seven factors, including expectations to: a) be perfect in a marital relationship, b) be interdependent, c) have monogamous relations, d) be devoted, e) be rational and open to each other, f) read each other’s mind, and g) be aware of each others past thoughts, feelings and needs. The extracted factors confirmed by confirmatory factor analysis. A positive correlation (r = 0.32, P < 0.01) between RBQ and the Irrational Beliefs Test (Jones, 1968) supported the convergent validity. No university educated participants showed more irrational beliefs than did more educated participants. There were no gender or age differences in irrational beliefs about marital relationships. The length of marriage and number of children also were not correlated to such irrational beliefs. The standardized scores of RBQ measures are presented.      Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

174 - The Development of Just World Beliefs for Self and Others from Adolescence to Emerging Adulthood
Faezeh Shakeri Ardakani Shakeri Ardakani Samaneh, Asadi Fahimeh Dehghani

This study aimed to investigate the development of just world beliefs for self and others from adolescence to emerging adulthood in Isfahan. The sample consisted of 395 participants in four age groups: 12 year-olds (n=105), 14 year-olds (n=100), 16 year-olds (n=96), and More

This study aimed to investigate the development of just world beliefs for self and others from adolescence to emerging adulthood in Isfahan. The sample consisted of 395 participants in four age groups: 12 year-olds (n=105), 14 year-olds (n=100), 16 year-olds (n=96), and 18-25 year-olds (n=94), selected by cluster and convenience sampling method and answered to Self-Other Belief in a Just World scale (Sutton and Douglas, 2005). Data were analyzed by multivariate analysis of variance, Tukey post hoc test and independent t-test. The results of MANOVA showed that there were significant group effects on BJW scores. The pair-wise comparisons indicated that the scores of just world beliefs for self and others in the 16 year-olds group is significantly lower than the 12 year-olds and the scores of just world beliefs for self in the 18-25 year-olds were higher than 16 year-olds. But the scores of just world beliefs for others did not change significantly. The finding of this study showed gender differences in the scores of just world beliefs for others in the 12 year-olds in which boys were stronger than girls in this belief. In general, according to the results just world beliefs decrease during adolescence. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

175 - the relations of perceived social support and religious beliefs with the post traumatic growth in cancer patients
Leila Shamkoeyan Farah Lotfi Kashani Shahram Vaziri Mohammad Esmaeil Akbari

The purpose of the present study was to determine the relation between perceived social support and religious beliefs with post traumatic growth. Ninety five patients referring to Shohadaye-e-Tajrish Hospital of Tehran and Vali-e-Asr Hospital of Zanjan participated in t More

The purpose of the present study was to determine the relation between perceived social support and religious beliefs with post traumatic growth. Ninety five patients referring to Shohadaye-e-Tajrish Hospital of Tehran and Vali-e-Asr Hospital of Zanjan participated in the study. The participants completed the Traumatic Growth Inventory (Tedeschi & Calhoun, 1996), the Perceived Social Support Scale (Zimet et al., 1988) and the Religious Beliefs Inventory (Vaziri, 2012). The data were analyzed using Pearson correlation and regression analysis (simple and multiple). The results indicated that perceived social support and religious beliefs in cancer patients had direct significant relation with post traumatic growth and these two variables jointly explained 13.3 percent of post traumatic growth. The findings suggested the perceived social support and religious beliefs can be used to provide improving plans, promoting mental health, and post traumatic growth.     Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

176 - the comparison of metacognition beliefs and rumination between students with normal and morbid levels of worry
Nahid Kohzadi Behnam Makvandi

this study aim to compare metacognition beliefs and rumination between students with normal and morbid levels of worry. Two hundred and fifty students were selected using multistage clustering sampling. The participants completed the Metacognition Beliefs (Wells, 2000 More

this study aim to compare metacognition beliefs and rumination between students with normal and morbid levels of worry. Two hundred and fifty students were selected using multistage clustering sampling. The participants completed the Metacognition Beliefs (Wells, 2000), the Rumination (Nolen-Hoeksema & Morrow, 1991) and the Pennsylvania Worry (Meyer, Miller, Metzger & Borkovec, 1990) Questionnaires. Participants were divided into two groups, one with normal level of worry (n=125) and the other with morbid level of worry (n=125) on the basis of their scores on the Pennsylvania Worry Questionnaire. The results of analysis of variance indicated that the group with morbid level of worry had higher scores than the group with normal level worry on the components of metacognition beliefs (positive beliefs about worry, uncontrollability and risk, cognitive confidence and need to control the thoughts). There was no significant difference between the two groups in cognitive self knowledge belief. The group with the normal level of worry had higher scores on rumination components (to be lost in thought, distraction and deep thought) than the group with the morbid level of worry. In sum, the findings suggested that among component of metacognition only uncontrollability and risk predicted pathological worry. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

177 - Argumentativeness: The Role of Extroversion, Epistemological Beliefs and Need for Cognition
Hossein Pourshahriar Somaye Ahmadi Zahra Tanha

with the objective of defining the role of individual differences factors influencing individuals' tendency for argument, this research examined the epistemological beliefs, need for cognition and extroversion in predicting argumentativeness. Two hundred and twenty nine More

with the objective of defining the role of individual differences factors influencing individuals' tendency for argument, this research examined the epistemological beliefs, need for cognition and extroversion in predicting argumentativeness. Two hundred and twenty nine students (107 males and 122 females) were randomly selected and answered Epistemological Beliefs Inventory (Shraw, Bendixen & Dunkle ,2002), Argumentation Scale (Infante & Rancer, 1982), Need for Cognition Scale (Cacioppo, Petty & Kao, 1992) and Extroversion Subscale from Neo-Five Factors Personality Inventory (Costa & McCrae, 1984). Results demonstrated that extroversion, need for cognition and quick learning from epistemological beliefs were predictive of argumentativeness. The results and their implications were also discussed based on the theoretical framework. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

178 - The Effectiveness of Instruction Program Based on Generative Learning Theory on Cognitive and Meta Cognitive Self-Regulation and Motivational Beliefs
Leila Orvati Movaffagh Soghra Ebrahimi Qavam Esmaeil Sadipour Ali Delavar Fariborz Dortaj

he aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of generative instruction based on generative learning theory on cognitive and metacognitive self-regulation and motivational beliefs of 7th grade students. The study design was quasi-experimental with pretest- pos More

he aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of generative instruction based on generative learning theory on cognitive and metacognitive self-regulation and motivational beliefs of 7th grade students. The study design was quasi-experimental with pretest- posttest and control group.100 students among 7th grade students in Hamedan were selected using accessible sampling method and randomly, divided into the experimental group (50 students) and the control group (50 students). The Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire (MSLQ) (Pintrich & Degroot, 1990) was administered before and after the implementation of the generative instruction program. The data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA). The findings showed that generative instruction program could predict 44% of cognitive regulation changes, 32% of metacognitive regulation changes and 39% of motivational self-regulation changes.According to the findings, it can be concluded that generative instruction affects cognitive and metacognitive self-regulation and motivational beliefs Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

179 - Relationship of teacher’s self-efficacy and student’s motivational beliefs; the mediating role of teaching quality
Ashraf Sadat Mousavi Fereshte Hejazi

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between Teacher’s self-efficacy and student’s motivational beliefs; with the mediating role of teaching quality. The statistical population of this study was active schools in 19 educational districts of Tehra More

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between Teacher’s self-efficacy and student’s motivational beliefs; with the mediating role of teaching quality. The statistical population of this study was active schools in 19 educational districts of Tehran. 250 students and 50 teachers were selected by using a multi-stage random sampling method. Research instruments included the Teacher Self-efficacy Scale (Schwarzer, Schmitz & Daytner 1999), the Class Management and Cognitive Activation Scale (Borisa & Kimb, 2020), the Supportive Climate Questionnaire (Williams & Deci, 1996), the Student Self-Efficacy and Intrinsic Motivation Scale (Pintrich, Smith, Garcia & Mckeachie, 1993). Data were analyzed by the Pearson correlation coefficient and structural equation modeling. Findings showed that there is a positive relationship between teacher’s self-efficacy and the student’s motivational beliefs. Also, the path coefficient in the effect of the teacher’s self-efficiency on the student’s self-efficacy and intrinsic motivation was positive. Teacher’s self-efficiency also was effective in student’s motivational beliefs through components of teaching quality (class management and supportive climate). Cognitive activation has a mediating role between the teacher’s and student’s self-efficiency. These findings showed the importance of the role of teacher’s self-efficacy, which impresses the quality of teaching and student’s motivational beliefs, directly and indirectly (through the quality of teaching’s components). Findings can be explained based on Bandu- ra’s social-cognitive theory which argues that persons with higher self-efficacy have better performance. In other words, a teacher’s expectations and his/her trust in his/her own abilities are reflected in achieving teaching goals, which in turn leads to improving student’s self-efficiency and intrinsic motivation. The findings implicated the importance of teacher’s personal development and the critical role of teacher training centers in training and choosing teachers. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

180 - Assessing Criterions of Religious Beliefs Rationality in Comprehensive Approach
Ghodratallah Ghorbani

Assessing of theoretical and practical rationality of religious beliefs system is of the most significant duties and functions of philosophy of religion which is led to common rational understanding of religions. In this case, in this paper, is selected comprehensive ap More

Assessing of theoretical and practical rationality of religious beliefs system is of the most significant duties and functions of philosophy of religion which is led to common rational understanding of religions. In this case, in this paper, is selected comprehensive approach in which inductively is used different criterions for evaluating the rationality of religious beliefs. Some of these criterions are included of possibility to argue them based on logical proofs, universality and being global, stability and changeability, internal coherency, simplicity and complexity, having suitable practical results, independent of religious texts authority, being under influences of epistemic and social factors and so on that have their own magnificence. Using these criterions in our comprehensive approach indicates that the totality of religious beliefs system have different levels of theoretical and practical rationality. Based on this fact, we can divide religious beliefs system into three groups, including fundamental, intermediate and marginal beliefs, that in this division, fundamental beliefs have the highest levels of rationality, marginal beliefs have the lowest levels of rationality, and intermediate beliefs are places between them. Now by considering the central place of fundamental beliefs, and then intermediate ones in second place is recommended to focus mostly on fundamental ones regarding interfaith dialogues and extending coexistence and peace between followers of divine religions and Islamic denominations, since most of divine religions believers and theists have common understanding concerning them. Regarding interfaith dialogue among Islamic denominations, of course, it should be extend believers common understanding of intermediate beliefs. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

181 - The Role of Perceived Pressure on Accountants' Ethical Beliefs in Financial Reporting
Zeynab Yazdi Bahman Banimahd Hashem Nikoomaram

10.30495/faar.2024.709448

Abstract The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of perceived ethical pressure on ethical beliefs in financial reporting (fraudulent financial reporting for significant and insignificant amounts, opportunistic and efficient earnings management). This res More

Abstract The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of perceived ethical pressure on ethical beliefs in financial reporting (fraudulent financial reporting for significant and insignificant amounts, opportunistic and efficient earnings management). This research is an applied research. The statistical population of this research is people working in the accounting profession, including financial managers, accounting supervisors, and accounting experts of private companies and companies admitted to the Tehran Stock Exchange. The data of the research was collected through a questionnaire in a random way and using the structural equation model with the approach of Partial Least Squares (PLS) was analyzed. To determine the sample size, ten times the highest index of the measurement model was used, and 201 people were selected as the sample size. Findings show that perceived ethical pressure has a negative and significant effect on ethical beliefs. Ethical beliefs also have a negative and significant effect on opportunistic and efficient earnings management, fraudulent financial reporting for significant and insignificant amount. Therefore, the pressure perceived by accountants creates stress in them and prepares the ground to neglect ethical approaches and affects their performance. It also alters one's beliefs and causes questionable behaviors in financial reporting. Numerous studies have shown that companies manipulate financial statements to achieve their goals through Income management and fraud. But what is unknown; is behavioral factors that psychologically influence the person to manipulate the financial statements. Therefore, there is a need to better understand the moral nature of a person and the factors related to it that encourage people to abandon moral beliefs and participate in unethical behaviors. This study addresses this research gap in the literature by revealing this unknown aspect of behavior on which there are incomplete studies. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

182 - Modeling of Social Adjustment based on Metacognitive Beliefs with the Mediating of Commitment in Identity high school students
Ali Rahideh Masoud Ghasemi Mojgan Sepahmansour

10.30495/hpsbjourna.2022.1946550.1047

The purpose of this study is to modeling social adjustment based on metacognitive beliefs with a mediating role in the commitment of identity in high school students. The research method was applied type and in terms of collection method، it was descriptive and structur More

The purpose of this study is to modeling social adjustment based on metacognitive beliefs with a mediating role in the commitment of identity in high school students. The research method was applied type and in terms of collection method، it was descriptive and structural equation modeling (SEM) method was used. The statistical population included all second course high school boy students in Robat Karim in the academic year 2020-2021. Using random multi-stage cluster 390 students were selected. The research tools included the Brzonsky Identity Style Inventory، Sinha & Singh Adjustment Inventory، Thinking Styles Questionnaire and Adolescent Version of Meta-cognition Questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed by structural equation modeling. The results showed that the proposed model fits well with the data. The direct effect of metacognitive beliefs on social adjustment was significant (β = .174, p<.05) but the standard effect of indirect metacognitive beliefs on social adjustment with the mediating role of commitment (β =., 029, p> .05) and also the full effect These metrics are not significant.Conclusion: Therefore, the variable of commitment could not play a mediating role between the two variables of metacognitive beliefs and social adjustment. Manuscript profile

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183 - Compilation of a Psychological Well-being Model for Adolescents with obsessive beliefs based on Defensive Styles, Ego Identity Status and Parent-Child Relationship
Reza Shahla Roya Kochakentezar Mahdieh Salehi Afsaneh Ghanbaripanah

10.30495/hpsbjourna.2022.1945186.1044

To achieve the different dimensions of mental health, communities need to provide the ideal of self-actualization and excellence for their members. Psychological well-being is an effort to grow and develop in order to realize the potential of a person in a variety of di More

To achieve the different dimensions of mental health, communities need to provide the ideal of self-actualization and excellence for their members. Psychological well-being is an effort to grow and develop in order to realize the potential of a person in a variety of dimensions, such as autonomy, personal growth, purposefulness in life, mastery of the environment, positive relationship with others, and self-acceptance, all rooted in the development of personality. According to the above-mentioned articles, this research aimed to develop a psychological well-being model for adolescents with social anxiety based on defensive styles, Ego identity status, and parent-child relationship. This research was a correlational study. The statistical population of this study was all the boy sophomores in Tehran in 2017-2018. The sample also included 250 social anxiety students with a multistage cluster sampling method and purposefully selected. The criterions of entering this research included: informed consent, age range (15-18 years) and outcomes of the project included: reluctance to continue cooperation and lack of completion of the questionnaires by participants. The participants completed the Defense Style Questionnaire, the Ryff Scale of Psychological Well-Being, the Ego Identity Process Questionnaire, the Parent-Child Rating Scale and the obsessive beliefs questionnaire. We used structural equations analysis to examine the data. All stages of analysis were performed using SPSS (v.24) and AMOS (v.24) software packages. According to the findings, the parent-adolescent relationship indirectly and negatively affects psychological well-being through defense mechanisms (p≥0.05). The parent-adolescent relationship also directly and indirectly predicts identity. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

184 - Title Comparing the effectiveness of an intervention on healthy lifestyle and metacognitive skills training on students' intelligence beliefs
vida amirdavar Mojgan Sepahmansour

10.30495/hpsbjourna.2023.1965292.1175

abstract The aim of this research was to compare the effectiveness of an intervention based on healthy lifestyle and metacognitive skills training on intelligence beliefs. The research method was semi-experimental with pre-test-post-test-follow-up with a heterogeneous c More

abstract The aim of this research was to compare the effectiveness of an intervention based on healthy lifestyle and metacognitive skills training on intelligence beliefs. The research method was semi-experimental with pre-test-post-test-follow-up with a heterogeneous control group. The research population consisted of all the female students of the third year of the second year of high school in Yekshahr district of Tehran who were studying in 2018-2019. The research sample included 45 people. In the research, they were selected by voluntary sampling or random replacement sampling, and in two experimental groups and a follow-up control group, they answered the questionnaire of the implicit theory of intelligence of Abdul Fattah Waits (2006).Control of intelligence beliefs with healthy lifestyle training compared to the control group of incremental belief component Intelligence (P>0.05), F = 4.61 (56 and 2) contrary to the inherent belief of intelligence (<0.05, 1.28 = (56 and The level of 0.05 has influenced the training of metacognitive skills compared to the group Controlling the incremental belief component of intelligence (>0.05) P, F = (56 and 2) 4.81 at a significance level of 0.05 and belief Inherent intelligence has influenced P (>0.01), F = (56 and 2) 6.33 at the level of 0.01. It was concluded that between the effect of healthy lifestyle education and metacognitive skills education There is no difference in intelligence beliefs among students Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

185 - Religious Beliefs and changes in Family Values of High School Students in Mazandaran Province
amin varzi kenari abolgasem haedarabadi manouchehr pahlavan

10.30495/jscc.2021.689491

Religiosity and religious beliefs can lead to changes in various fields, including the material and immaterial values of the family. However, factors such as the process of cultural modernization have also brought about changes in the religious beliefs of communities th More

Religiosity and religious beliefs can lead to changes in various fields, including the material and immaterial values of the family. However, factors such as the process of cultural modernization have also brought about changes in the religious beliefs of communities that have led to changes in family values. This article was aimed at influencing religious beliefs on family values. The research method was survey and collected by a questionnaire. The statistical population consists of high school students. Multi-stage cluster sampling method and sample size based on Cochran's formula are 400 people.The findings show that the mean of religious beliefs as well as the index of changes in the value of the family conductor is more than average and represents a near-modern attitude toward family values among students. There is a positive and direct relationship between the level of religious beliefs and family values. In other words, the greater the religious beliefs, the increase in the value of the family increase and, conversely, the lower the religious beliefs, the change in the value of the family decreases. It can also be seen that there is a positive and direct relation between religious beliefs including beliefs, religious, empirical and consequential dimension with material values and immaterial values of the family. The correlation of the next is a consequence of higher and then empirically lowers than other dimensions of religious beliefs. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

186 - Cultural-identity factors in the tendency to change the names of people in the registry (Case study of six cities in Khuzestan province)
karamollah javanmard

10.30495/jscc.2021.690268

This study was conducted to study the analysis of cultural-identity factors affecting the tendency to change the name of individuals in clients of the Civil Registry Office (Case study of 6 cities in Khuzestan province). Name and choice of naming is a means to identify More

This study was conducted to study the analysis of cultural-identity factors affecting the tendency to change the name of individuals in clients of the Civil Registry Office (Case study of 6 cities in Khuzestan province). Name and choice of naming is a means to identify human identity and is part of the culture of a society. This phenomenon has existed among human societies, both primitive and modern societies. The main idea of the research is derived from Anthony Giddens's theory and cultural and identity factors are considered to be effective in changing the name. In this study, the statistical population of name change applicants in Khuzestan province this year, whose number was 9035 people, among this number, 396 people were selected using the Cochran's formula as the sample population. The sampling method is randomly selected cluster. The method of this research was based on survey and the data collection technique was based on a questionnaire. The results show that the stronger the identity and cultural factors, the more effective they will be in the tendency to change the name. The index of mass media, individual identity, beliefs and ethnic identity has  Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

187 - The role of watching satellite series on popular culture
Somayeh Tajik Esmaili Roghayeh Latifi

This study was conducted to investigate the role of spectators watching network series Persian language Jam on popular culture. The population consisted of all Families in the district 11 in Tehran that according to the 1390 census, are 288, 884 people (98 556 Families) More

This study was conducted to investigate the role of spectators watching network series Persian language Jam on popular culture. The population consisted of all Families in the district 11 in Tehran that according to the 1390 census, are 288, 884 people (98 556 Families). The sample size is 384 based on Cochran formula. The number of those who was selected between those who watched the series Jam network. The questionnaire consists of 47 questions designed by researcher. For data analysis Spss18 software is used. Popular culture was evaluated in the five dimensions of values, norms, symbols, beliefs, religion and language. The results showed that watching satellite network series Jam Tehran has an impact on popular culture. Also watching the series of the five dimensions had a significant impact. However, it has less impact on language as compared with other aspects. The independent variable of education also has a significant effect on the general culture subjects. However, the gender and age dimensions have not a significant influence on the general culture. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

188 - Nima Yushij’s Duality of Speculation and Thinking Beliefs
Hossein Shahr Aini Shahr Aini Ali Eshghi Sardehi Ali Akbar Shaiatifar

10.30495/bahar.2022.697996

The diversity of pros and cons of Nima Yushij, among the great thinkers of Persian literature made the writers of this paper deal with studying and criticizing the duality and beliefs of Nima. The aim of this research is knowing the dual thoughts which in the span of Ni More

The diversity of pros and cons of Nima Yushij, among the great thinkers of Persian literature made the writers of this paper deal with studying and criticizing the duality and beliefs of Nima. The aim of this research is knowing the dual thoughts which in the span of Nima’s poetry has undergone transformation We have tried to discuss the duality of speculation of Nima. To bring some examples from his poetry as an evidence. The controversial subjects about Nima have occupied the minds of researchers for years. Some believe that he was secular, revolutionary, leftist, and seclusive; there are other people who consider him a religious Moslem, pacifist man. The findings of this research shows that his character was a combination of contraries. Sometimes we see dual or more view points in his poetry which are opposite to each other in theory and practice. Therefore, these view points and the opposite thinking leads to knowing the character and his poetry. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

189 - The Phenomenon of Fire in The Shahnameh and People's Beliefs
Mahin Masarrat

Abstract         Mazdeyasna creed says : Whatever Ahuramazda has created is pure and sacred. Fire, also was considered revered and valuable by the ancient Iranians. To understand its sanctity background, it's better to study the old P More

Abstract         Mazdeyasna creed says : Whatever Ahuramazda has created is pure and sacred. Fire, also was considered revered and valuable by the ancient Iranians. To understand its sanctity background, it's better to study the old Persian texts, including The Avesta. This is because some of the Iranian rites and beliefs are reflected in the Shahnameh and Ferdowsi utilized the old sources, not only directly but also through the Khodainamak translation and the others. We have tried to show the origin of the Shahnameh's stories by focusing on the developments in the course of time and studying and adapting them and their relations with the fire in both the Shahnameh and the Avesta. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

190 - Predicting academic self-efficacy based on motivational beliefs, self-regulatory strategies and students' academic performance
faranak mosavi lily dadjo

The purpose of this study was to predict academic self-efficacy

The purpose of this study was to predict academic self-efficacy Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

191 - Validating Mathematics Teaching Efficacy Beliefs Instrument among Pre-Service Teachers in Primary Schools
Saied Farmani Ahmad Khamesan

  Abstract: The purpose of this study was validating the Mathematics Teaching Efficacy Beliefs Instrument (MTEBI) in pre-service teachers in primary schools. The population of this research included all college students in the field of primary education in South Kh More

  Abstract: The purpose of this study was validating the Mathematics Teaching Efficacy Beliefs Instrument (MTEBI) in pre-service teachers in primary schools. The population of this research included all college students in the field of primary education in South Khorasan province (N=186). To study reliability and validity of the questionnaire, 140 pre-service teachers were chosen by cluster sampling method from Teaching Training Center of Birjand. Then, Mathematics Teaching Efficacy Beliefs Instrument (MTEBI) was administered. The instrument validity was measured using factor analysis methods and Cronbach's alpha was used to evaluate the reliability. The results of factor analysis showed that this questionnaire include two fundamental underlying factors  since all the items were loaded under two factors which are self-efficacy and expected results of teaching. The results also showed that the reliability of MTEBI was in acceptable level with the overall reliability index of 0.73 and the reliability index of self-efficacy subscales as 0.80, and the reliability index of the expected results of teaching mathematics as 0.66. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

192 - Studying the relationship between cultural intelligence and metacognitive awareness and intelligence beliefs with academic Performance
Masomeh Bagherpur Taher Mahboobi Kamal Mahboobi

    Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between cultural intelligence and intelligence beliefs with metacognitive awareness and academic performance of students of Islamic Azad University Gaz. The research method was descriptive More

    Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between cultural intelligence and intelligence beliefs with metacognitive awareness and academic performance of students of Islamic Azad University Gaz. The research method was descriptive and correlational type. A number of the 145 students were selected by simple random sampling. Instruments included a questionnaire Aung cultural intelligence, autonomy and Richard questionnaire metacognitive awareness of reading strategies and beliefs Babaei is intelligence. Data using Pearson correlation and multiple regressions were analyzed. The results showed that between the cognitive and cultural intelligence and academic performance and significant relationship between the behavioral and motivational solidarity there is no cultural intelligence and academic performance. The overall study, study, problem-solving, study support and there is a significant relationship between academic performance. There is a significant relationship between academic performance and increase intelligence beliefs and beliefs correlation between IQ and academic performance there is no substance. Based on regression analysis of predictors, believe incremental intelligence and academic performance is statistically the strongest relationships. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

193 - The Role of Beliefs and Metacognitive Awareness in the Strategic Reading Behavior of ESL Learners
Fatemeh Khonamri

  Abstract                                          &n More

  Abstract                                                In the present study, the relationship between ESL advanced students’ beliefs, metacognition and their strategic reading performance was examined. The study was divided into two phases. In the first phase of the study, three questionnaires were used to investigate the relationship between metacognitive awareness and learners’ beliefs. In the second phase, learners’ strategic reading behavior was explored through think-aloud protocol analysis, retrospective questions and interviews. Through correlational analyses conducted with the entire sample, it was clear that significant positive correlations exist between BALLI and BAR (r =.393).  The one-way Anova analyses indicated that the belief variables (BALLI and BAR) accounted for a greater portion of total MQ variance (mean square =.141). The result of the second phase of the study indicated that though the metacognitive knowledge was shown to play no significant role in the strategic reading behavior of the subjects, it proved useful in facilitating the reading performance of the readers. In short, the findings of the study suggest an interaction between beliefs, metacognitive knowledge and strategic reading behavior o f learners. This may mean that in reading instruction, a consideration of these variables can lead to better reading performances. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

194 - Using cluster analysis for data mining in educational research
Zahra Naghsh Azam Moghaddam

Data mining is the process of sorting and classification of large Data. This paper introduces cluster analysis as a data mining technique and provide examples of its application in clustering of procrastinators. So introduce the cluster analysis and a variety of approac More

Data mining is the process of sorting and classification of large Data. This paper introduces cluster analysis as a data mining technique and provide examples of its application in clustering of procrastinators. So introduce the cluster analysis and a variety of approaches, how to choose each step of its implementation in a representative sample presented the sample consists of 200 students of Tehran university (100 boys and 100 girls) that get high score in procrastination on the scale of Solomon and Rothblum (1984) and this sample responded to scale of self regulation by Green and Miller (2004), self-efficacy of Midelton and Midgley (1997), the scale of the failure beliefs Harrington (2005) and irrational beliefs Koopmans et al. (1994). The results indicated that different clusters of procrastinators which with identify groups of procrastinators and the characteristics of each of the groups can be more effective ways to reduce procrastination each group presented. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

195 - The relationship between motivational beliefs (self-efficiency, test anxiety, intrinsic valuation) and future prospect with academic performance among high school third grade girl students in district one of Ahvaz
Nahid Baboulmoradi Parviz Asgarie

The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between motivational beliefs (self-efficiency, test anxiety, intrinsic valuation) and future prospect with academic performance among high school third grade girl students in district one of Ahvaz. The statistical More

The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between motivational beliefs (self-efficiency, test anxiety, intrinsic valuation) and future prospect with academic performance among high school third grade girl students in district one of Ahvaz. The statistical population included all high school third grade girl students in district one of Ahvaz. A sample of 270 students were selected using cluster multi-stage sampling method. To collect the data, Motivational beliefs for learning questionnaire (MBLQ) and Future prospect inventory (FTPI) were used. The average of the first semester was used to measure the students’ academic performance. In order to analyze data, Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression analysis were used. The results showed that there is a significant positive relationship between self-efficiency and intrinsic valuation and also future prospect with academic performance. There is a significant negative relationship between test anxiety and academic performance. The results of regression analysis showed that in this research, predictor variables are able to predict the students’ academic performance sig nificantly and altogether can explain 28.8 percent of the variance of the academic performance in the students.   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

196 - Indigenous and Mythological Elements in the Performative Narrative of the Story of Rustam and Esfandiar
azim jabbareh naserou

The tale of Rostam and Esfandyar is one of the most fascinating stories in Shahnameh which has had wide reflection among the populace.  Ever since its creation this tragedy has been very popular in different regions of Iran and has undergone changes and been distor More

The tale of Rostam and Esfandyar is one of the most fascinating stories in Shahnameh which has had wide reflection among the populace.  Ever since its creation this tragedy has been very popular in different regions of Iran and has undergone changes and been distorted at times.  The ancient region of Kouhmareh Sorkhi is one region where this tale is very popular since antiquity.  Like most other narratives this tale is not remembered by the people of this locality and only is told by the eldest and the most renowned naqqal of this area, Ali Hossein Allinejad , the last of the naqqals and narrators of the region.  The naqqali narrative of this tale in this area is an amalgam of epic, popular and mythological beliefs of the natives of the region.  The studies made by the writer of this article on the present epic narratives in the area and specifically the recent narrative shows that narrators and naqqals have tried to make these narratives more acceptable among the community by incorporating mythological ethnic elements and beliefs among people and thus preserve them in memories.  This inspection not only shows part of mythological beliefs of this community but also records narratives not previously studied nor recorded in references.  The findings of this research are presented under the following sections: 1-       Birth of Esfandyar   2- Fertility myth   3- Martyred gods   4- belief in genies   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

197 - Relationship between Metacognition and Delusional Beliefs with Obsessive-Compulsive Symptoms
Zahra Qarali haeideh saberi

Obsessive-compulsive is one of the most common disorders that often has a negative impact on psychological, social and occupational function with a chronic course. New research has shown the role of metacognitive structures in this disorder. The aim of this study was to More

Obsessive-compulsive is one of the most common disorders that often has a negative impact on psychological, social and occupational function with a chronic course. New research has shown the role of metacognitive structures in this disorder. The aim of this study was to predict the symptoms of Obsessive-compulsive with metacognition and delusional beliefs. For this purpose, during a descriptive correlational study, 202 students of Karaj Azad University were selected by convenience sampling method and were evaluated for obsessive-compulsive disorder, metacognition and delusional beliefs. Multivariate regression analysis showed that delusional beliefs and metacognitive beliefs can predict obsessive-compulsive symptoms separately. Dysfunctional metacognitive beliefs, such as negative cognitive beliefs about thoughts, negative metacognitive beliefs about oneself, or low cognitive efficiency, also activate threatening judgments about one's performance, these beliefs can disrupt a person's cognitive and behavioral functioning by creating a disturbing negative mental assessment, so that this assessment can intensify negative emotions, such as fear, which eventually manifests as anxiety. The findings of this study support the predictability of obsession through delusional beliefs. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

198 - Structural model of relationships between body image, illogical beliefs, mental health in applicants of cosmetic surgery
Zohreh Hosaini Ahmad Karbalaee Mohammad Meigouni Masood Geramipor

Decision for undergoing cosmetic surgery is intensively under impact of the psychological problems. The beliefs of a person about her body image in general affect all of her other beliefs, excitements and behaviors. This study aims to determine the fitness of structural More

Decision for undergoing cosmetic surgery is intensively under impact of the psychological problems. The beliefs of a person about her body image in general affect all of her other beliefs, excitements and behaviors. This study aims to determine the fitness of structural model of relationships between body image, illogical beliefs and mental health in applicants of breast cosmetic surgery. For this purpose, in a descriptive research of correlation type, 100 women applying for breast cosmetic surgery were selected based on convenience method, and were assessed with regards to body image, illogical beliefs, and psychological disorders symptoms.  Analysis of data using structural equations modeling technique indicated that the structural model of research has good witness with collected data. The body image has associated in general and negatively with illogical beliefs and mental health. Illogical beliefs have positive relationship with illogical beliefs in general. Body image has indirect and negative relationship with mental health. Illogical beliefs also have indirect and positive relationship with mental health factors. Dissatisfaction of clients with their body image under individual and environmental factors may result in incorrect assessments, negative thoughts and excitements in them Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

199 - The comparison of meta-cognitive beliefs and thought control strategies in the patients with Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder and normal persons
ghasem abdolpour abbas bakhshipour majid Mahmoud aliloo shiva mohajjel rezai

Post-traumatic stress disorder is a disorder characterized by repeated experience of traumatic event, avoidance of stimulus memories of the traumatic event and extreme arousal and negative changes in cognition and mood.The aim of this study was to compare the meta-cogni More

Post-traumatic stress disorder is a disorder characterized by repeated experience of traumatic event, avoidance of stimulus memories of the traumatic event and extreme arousal and negative changes in cognition and mood.The aim of this study was to compare the meta-cognitive beliefs and thought control strategies in patients with Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder and normal subjects. For this purpose, in a post-event study, among patients with Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in families referred to the psychiatric clinics of Tabriz, 40 patients with post-traumatic stress disorder and 40 normal subjects were selected in an accessible method and they were tested in terms of meta-cognitive beliefs, thought control strategies and Post-Traumatic Stress. The results of multivariate analysis of variance showed that that the mean scores of meta-cognitive beliefs and thought control strategies in patient with Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder is significantly more than normal subjects. It seems patients with Post-Traumatic Stress have, thought control strategies that are less efficient and more disturbed meta-cognitive beliefs. The findings also have important implications for the psychopathology and treatment of these patients. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

200 - The predictor role of meta-cognitive beliefs on obsessive thoughts with mediation of taking responsibility and Intersection of thoughts in nonclinical population
Mohammad Harangza Mohammad Ali Goodarzi

The Meta-cognitive model is based on the assumption that obsessive thoughts are the result of negative interpretation of Meta-cognitive beliefs in relation to meaning or dangerous consequences of a particular thought or opinion. The distortion on meta-cognitive belief i More

The Meta-cognitive model is based on the assumption that obsessive thoughts are the result of negative interpretation of Meta-cognitive beliefs in relation to meaning or dangerous consequences of a particular thought or opinion. The distortion on meta-cognitive belief is effective on meanings and function of cognition. The present study aims to investigate the role of mediator variables such as taking responsibility and intersection of thoughts in relation between metacognitive beliefs and obsessive symptoms in non-clinical populations. For this purpose, in a descriptive study, 333 students (151 male and 182 female) were selected using multistage cluster random sampling.  They were tested in terms of metacognitive beliefs, responsibility attitude, taking responsibility, intersection of thoughts, obsessive-compulsive ideas. Path analysis and structural equation modeling indicated that metacognitive beliefs positively predict taking responsibility, the intersection of ideas and thoughts and obsessive-compulsive symptoms. Also, there is an independent, significant difference between metacognitive beliefs and obsessive-compulsive symptoms. The research finding support the mediator variables of taking responsibility and intersection of thoughts on the relationship between metacognitive beliefs and obsessive-compulsive symptoms. So, we can say that metacognitive beliefs can better explain the obsessive symptoms through taking responsibility and intersection of thoughts. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

201 - The effects of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy on the dysfunctional beliefs, self- talk and self-management of cancer
shirin zeinali

Cancer is among the most prevalent health problems of the present century and some of them can change patients’ physical appearance (such as face change, lesion and severe hair loss). Some patients after mastectomy and chemotherapy confront with removal of a breas More

Cancer is among the most prevalent health problems of the present century and some of them can change patients’ physical appearance (such as face change, lesion and severe hair loss). Some patients after mastectomy and chemotherapy confront with removal of a breast and hair loss and have psychological well-being problem. This study aimed at evaluating the effects of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy on the dysfunctional beliefs, self- talk and self-management of cancer patients with changes in physical appearance. This was a pretest-posttest controlled quasi-experimental study. A convenience sample of 40 patients with appearance change have been selected through available non-random sampling and randomly allocated to the experimental and the control groups . Patients in the experimental group received mindfulness-based educations in eight sessions. Before and after the study intervention, patients in both study groups completed the Jone’s Irrational Belief Test, the Self-Talk Scale and Self-management scale.  Study findings with multivariate analysis of variance revealed that mindfulness-based cognitive therapy significantly improved the participating patients’ irrational beliefs, self-talk and self-management. This finding confirmed that mind-fullness therapy make awareness about beliefs and reduce irrational beliefs about body deficiency and negative appraisal. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

202 - Examining Avrom Stroll's point of view about Wittgenstein's two different understandings of the foundations of certain beliefs
mohammad saied abdollahi Mohammad Ali Abdollahi

Since the time of Aristotle, some philosophers have insisted on the point that a part of knowledge is more fundamental than other parts. There have been various forms of foundationalism in epistemology, ethics and logic, and each of them has considered a certain matter More

Since the time of Aristotle, some philosophers have insisted on the point that a part of knowledge is more fundamental than other parts. There have been various forms of foundationalism in epistemology, ethics and logic, and each of them has considered a certain matter as the basis according to the field under discussion. Avrum Stroll believes that Wittgenstein is a fundamentalist, but his fundamentalism is completely different from the approach of traditional fundamentalists, and Wittgenstein's intelligent distinction between knowledge and its foundations keeps his fundamentalism away from the problems that traditional fundamentalists have. Stroll enumerates nine conditions for fundamentalism and believes that these nine conditions exist in Wittgenstein's epistemological system. He believes that Wittgenstein gives two different understandings of the basis of certain beliefs, one is relative (propositional) fundamentalism and the other is absolute (non-propositional) fundamentalism, and over time Wittgenstein moves away from relative fundamentalism and leans towards absolute fundamentalism. In this article, after clarifying Stroll's argument about Wittgenstein's fundamentalism and the difference between this fundamentalism and its traditional interpretations, we examine Stroll's distinction between Wittgenstein's two conceptions of fundamentalism and show what characteristics each of these two conceptions has and how Wittgenstein prefers the absolute fundamentalism and expands it. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

203 - Determining the Relationship between Sexual Schemas and Body Image with the Mediation of Perfectionism and Dysfunctional Beliefs in People with Body Deformities in Beauty Clinics
Roghaye Eslam nia Javad Khalatbari Shohreh Ghorbanshiroodi

Abstract Introduction: People with body deformity disorder suffer from anxiety in different areas of their life due to their perceived defects and they are often attacked by disturbing or unwanted images and thoughts about their physical appearance, and as a result, th More

Abstract Introduction: People with body deformity disorder suffer from anxiety in different areas of their life due to their perceived defects and they are often attacked by disturbing or unwanted images and thoughts about their physical appearance, and as a result, their quality of life and daily functioning decreases, so the research The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between sexual schemas and body image through the mediation of perfectionism and dysfunctional beliefs in people with body deformities in the beauty clinics of Mazandaran province. Research Method: The current research method is correlational and structural equation modeling (SEM). The statistical population of the research was made up of people who referred to the beauty clinics of Mazandaran province (the cities of Amol, Babol, Sari and Qaimshahr). Based on Klein's opinion, the sample size was 330 people selected in a purposeful and random way. The data collection tool was Anderson and Siranoski's (1994) gender schema questionnaire, Ten Sooto and Garcia's (2002) body image satisfaction questionnaire, Trishort et al.'s (1995) perfectionism questionnaire, and Wiseman and Beck's (1982) dysfunctional beliefs scale. In this research, SPSS22 and Amose23 software were used to analyze the information obtained from structural regression equation modeling. Findings: The results of the research showed that the lower limit is 0.46 and the upper limit is 0.65 between the two variables of perfectionism and ineffective beliefs as mediating variables between gender schema and body image. The confidence level for this confidence interval is 95. Considering that zero is outside this confidence interval, this relationship is a significant mediator. Conclusion: considering that the extent to which people pay attention to their appearance largely depends on the schemas related to appearance. These body patterns are used as a cognitive format to evaluate a person's appearance and body image emotions - the body image is the shape that a person has of his body in his mind. When contextual trigger events occur, body image thoughts and emotions trigger adaptive and self-directed activities or coping strategies. Disturbance in these emotional, behavioral and cognitive elements of body image is the core of the pathology of anorexia nervosa, anorexia nervosa and body image disorder. Manuscript profile

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