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Open Access Article
1 - The Establishment of Rural Settlements in Kermanshah Province In Relation to Faults Using GIS
zahra gholami rad kianoosh behrouziThe emergence of human settlements, especially villages, has been based on suitable natural factors. In the world today, the gap between the findings of the humanities and their ability is increasingly growing day by day to protect people's lives and properties and the MoreThe emergence of human settlements, especially villages, has been based on suitable natural factors. In the world today, the gap between the findings of the humanities and their ability is increasingly growing day by day to protect people's lives and properties and the fury of nature continues to wreak havoc. Sciences themselves also contribute to the increase of these risks to some extent and new forms of danger with new effects which is caused by improper use of technology. The role of geomorphology studies and preparation of geomorphology maps are vividly important not only in rural construction but in most cases in making decisions that leads to the preparation of rural development plans. Geomorphological factors and the influence of morphogenic phenomena are forgotten and not taken into consideration. In the shadow of such studies, stable and unstable lands and their instability methods are determined with effective mechanisms .The present study examines and evaluates the settlement of 2793 rural places in connection with faults in Kermanshah province. In order to investigate these factors, accurate and powerful GIS software was used to produce and analyze maps. During this process, first the base maps were prepared, then the distribution of settlements was analyzed in relation to the fault layer and the correlation test (pearson's type) was used to determine the degree of correlation between natural factors and the distribution of settlements. The results of the correlation coefficient method show that there is a significant and strong relationship between the natural factor of the fault and the distribution of settlements in the studied area, and the distribution of the studied rural settlements is regular in relation to the environmental-ecological capabilities and limitations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Investigating and Analyzing the Role of Housing Construction in the Growth of Cities (Case Study: Kermanshah city)
Mehdi Abbasi Behrooz Badkoo mohamad ghasemisianiThe growth and expansion of urban population in recent decades has faced the need for housing construction to provide shelter in cities at a significant speed. Housing construction policies have continued in different periods, sometimes with strong prosperity and someti MoreThe growth and expansion of urban population in recent decades has faced the need for housing construction to provide shelter in cities at a significant speed. Housing construction policies have continued in different periods, sometimes with strong prosperity and sometimes with stagnation. This problem has consequently increased the area , growth, and dispersion in cities. The purpose of this research is to investigate and analyze the role of housing construction in the growth of Kermanshah city. The research method is descriptive-analytical. The statistical population includes managers, municipal experts and business owners of the eight regions of Kermanshah city in the number of 2980 people. Based on the Cochran formula, the number of 340 people was estimated and the questionnaires were distributed by simple random sampling method. The studied period, the constructions of Kermanshah city during the years 1390 to 1400 were investigated. To investigate this issue, a questionnaire with four dimensions (policies, services and resources, land and housing market and immigration) has been considered. The validity of the questionnaire has been confirmed in form and content, and the reliability has been confirmed based on Cronbach's alpha for the entire questionnaire at the rate of 0.83. The method of data analysis was done using SPSS 25 software and exploratory factor analysis test. The results showed that the most important factors affecting the growth of Kermanshah city in the political dimension are the government's interventions in the land market with a factor of 0.851, in services and resources, improving access and providing services with a factor of 0.683, in the dimension of the land and housing market, the growth of second homes. and villa construction with a factor of 0.824, and in the dimension of migration, rural-urban migrations with the lowest factor of 0.364 have had a greater impact on the growth of Kermanshah city. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Investigating the Situation of Water Security in Iran (Case Study: Kerman Province)
Elham Azizabadi Hojat Mahkoeui Amir GandomkarWater, as one of the main components for life, affects human security if it is lacking or reduced. The challenges and conflicts of people for the right and access to water resources at local and national levels with each other and even the war between governments at reg MoreWater, as one of the main components for life, affects human security if it is lacking or reduced. The challenges and conflicts of people for the right and access to water resources at local and national levels with each other and even the war between governments at regional and international levels show the important role of water. The tensions caused by the lack of water in the central regions of Iran, such as Isfahan and Kerman, in recent years, indicate the insecurity and sense of danger for the water resources of these provinces. Kerman province, with an area of over 180,000 square kilometers, is the largest province in the south of the country. With an average annual rainfall of 129 mm, this province is considered one of the dry regions in the country. The main goal of this article is to Investigating the water security situation in Kerman province. The main question raised is what is the water security situation in Kerman province? The hypothesis that is raised in response to this question is that water security in Kerman province is not in a good condition. This article has been done using the field method (questionnaire) and descriptive-analytical approach. The sample size was 384 people, which was obtained using Cochran's formula. The results of the findings show that according to the water transfer plans and water management patterns planned to improve the water resources situation in Kerman province, water security in this province is not in a good condition. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - Zoning of Earthquake Risk Zones in Kermanshah County Using FAHP Model
maryam bayatikhatibi Yosef AmiriyanEarthquake is one of the natural disasters on earth that causes a lot of economic and human losses every year. Although this natural hazard cannot be predicted with current science, use of technology and technological progress, makes it possible to plan properly to redu MoreEarthquake is one of the natural disasters on earth that causes a lot of economic and human losses every year. Although this natural hazard cannot be predicted with current science, use of technology and technological progress, makes it possible to plan properly to reduce damages. These measures are the result of recognizing and examining the potential areas of the earth where there is a possibility of earthquake risk, and by taking advantage of it and analyzing them, the necessary preparation for earthquake prevention or control can be obtained. In this purpose, the geographic information system plays a significant role in the integration of related maps. In this research, the impact of various factors on the occurrence of earthquakes and the zoning of earthquake risk in Kermanshah county has been investigated. In order to achieve this, the fuzzy hierarchical analysis method was used to obtain the weight of each of the studied criteria and the degree of their impact, and by obtaining the small values of the weight of each criterion, a fuzzy weight map of the criteria was prepared and finally a risk map. The acceptability of different areas of Kermanshah county has been obtained. The results show that 15.6% of Kermanshah county is at risk of earthquake with "high" degree and 16.7% with "very high" degree. Also, 18.2 percent of the villages in Kermanshah county are at risk of earthquake with "very high" degree and 17.7 percent with "high" degree, and in the urban area of Kermanshah, the risk of earthquake with "very high" degree is equal to 6.3%. And it covers 18.1% of the area of Kermanshah city with "high" grade. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - Investigation of informal settlements, from the point of view of Geology and socio-economic problems (Case study: Privacy city of Kerman)
Ali Sistani PourIn addition to socio-economic problems that are common to all informal settlements, the informal settlements of Kerman also have geological problems. Settlements are formed in the vicinity of faults and subsidence of the land, and it threatens its residents, so a soluti MoreIn addition to socio-economic problems that are common to all informal settlements, the informal settlements of Kerman also have geological problems. Settlements are formed in the vicinity of faults and subsidence of the land, and it threatens its residents, so a solution should be provided for these problems.Investigating the informal settlements of Kerman city limits from the point of view of geological problems and socio-economic problems and providing a solution. The research method of this research is applied in terms of its purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of its method. This article has a qualitative approach that was done through case study and document analysis. Four informal settlements have been formed in Kerman. These settlements include the town of Firozabad in the northeast of Kerman, the industrial town in the southeast of Kerman, the town of Sayad Shirazi in the northwest of Kerman, and the town of Allahabad in the southeast of Kerman. It was found that these settlements were created in the vicinity of faults and areas with land subsidence, which is a threat to non-resistant buildings. Most of the residents of these settlements have settled in these settlements due to the economic problems of the region and have suffered social harm due to the lack of monitoring by the monitoring agencies. The informal settlements of Kerman are under the threat of land faulting and subsidence problems, as well as socio-economic problems. Several solutions were presented to prevent the formation and expansion of informal settlements in Kerman. - Transferring the residents of these settlements to other settlements or strengthening these settlements - Strong and continuous supervision of the relevant officials to prevent the formation and expansion of informal settlements. -Creating a green belt in the city of Kerman. - Solving the economic problems of the region, especially related to agriculture - More supervision to prevent the creation of social crimes in these settlements. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - Ibrahimiiyya School: An educational institution of Kerman Shaykhiyya in the Qajar period
محمد خداوردی تاج آبادیIbrahimiiyya, the most important School in Kerman in Qajar era, wasestablished by the order of Ibrahim Khan Zahir al-Dawla, thegovernor of Kerman (1218-1240), for promotion of the Shiite sciencesand culture in this city. He also devoted some properties to the schoolso t MoreIbrahimiiyya, the most important School in Kerman in Qajar era, wasestablished by the order of Ibrahim Khan Zahir al-Dawla, thegovernor of Kerman (1218-1240), for promotion of the Shiite sciencesand culture in this city. He also devoted some properties to the schoolso that the necessities of the duration of the activities could besupplied. In spite of this, it didn’t take much time and unlike itsfounder, Ibrahimiiyya was changed to a Scientific-Cultural center foractivity of new sect of Shaykhiyya and continued this role until theend of Qajar dynasty. Its founding show that Haj Mohammad KarimKhan, son of Ibrahim Khan, and after tending to Shaykhiyya religionand tendency for leading the Kerman branch of the said sect and withchanging the contents of the Devotion Letter of Ibrahim Khan, notonly he allocated the produced endowments to himself but also heappointed himself as the manager of the school. In addition to this, healso devoted new properties to Ibrahimiiyya. Therefore the saidSchool was changed to Scientific-Advertising center for the thoughtsof Haj Mohammad Karim Khan and his successors with sufficientfinancial support and without interference of experts of religion. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - 0assan ibn Zāhed Kirmānī, an Alchemist of 8th Century and his Works
علی کاوسی رحیم رضا کوهکن یونس فرهمند0assan ibn Zāhed Gharib Kermāni was a Persian Muslim alchemist,lived in first half of the 8th century. In the period of Abu-Sa`idBahādur of Mongol Ilkhānate dynasty in Iran, Ibn Zāhed travelled in723 A.H. to India, where he was supported by Sultān Mohammad ibnTughluq, t More0assan ibn Zāhed Gharib Kermāni was a Persian Muslim alchemist,lived in first half of the 8th century. In the period of Abu-Sa`idBahādur of Mongol Ilkhānate dynasty in Iran, Ibn Zāhed travelled in723 A.H. to India, where he was supported by Sultān Mohammad ibnTughluq, the second king of the Tughlaq dynasty of India, and thenhis alchemical books were dedicated to the king. His first book,Miftāh al-romūz is an authentic book that deals with the fundamentalsof Alchemy, covering 6 chapters and 31 parts. Two other Farsi booksare left by him and unfortunately not well-known: Mighlād al-konūzwhich explains alchemical processes, tools and equipments used inalchemy and Muntakhab (a selection) of Miftāh al-romūz which is anindependent treatise, however, more or less, is similar to Miftāh alromūz Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - Cultural Programs in Kerman Provincial Channel
Ruhollah Ahmadzadeh Kermani Ali SoltaniThis research aims at recognizing public attitudes towards the cultural programs of Kerman provincial channel. Given the potentials of subcultures, ethnic and language diversity and other distinct features, local channels play a crucial role, and the preservation and de MoreThis research aims at recognizing public attitudes towards the cultural programs of Kerman provincial channel. Given the potentials of subcultures, ethnic and language diversity and other distinct features, local channels play a crucial role, and the preservation and development of ancient values paves the way for national integration. Dealing with native dialect, music, poems and literature, proverbs and handicrafts have been the native and cultural criteria of these programs. The research method was survey, and questionnaires were used as a tool for collecting data. The sample size was 400 adults, aged 15 and older in Kerman. Sampling was done through two stage cluster method. The findings show that the positive attitude towards cultural programs has increased by increasing the age of respondents. The younger respondents have asserted less positive attitudes towards cultural programs of the channel. In other words, there is a direct correlation between respondents' attitudes towards native culture and their attitude towards the cultural programs of the channel. In sum, public attitude regarding that how the provincial television station deals with cultural programs is positive and most of them have regarded the channel as successful in dealing with cultural programs. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - Data mining on the ossibility study of urban fabric's physical change modeling
ناجی پژمان ضیایی محمد نقی زاده سید مصطفی مختابادUrban expansion has been a very important topic not only in the management of sustainable development, but also in the fields of remote sensing and geographic information science. Urban planners also encounter a huge challenge to require the understanding of the complex MoreUrban expansion has been a very important topic not only in the management of sustainable development, but also in the fields of remote sensing and geographic information science. Urban planners also encounter a huge challenge to require the understanding of the complex urban growth process, which involves various factors with different patterns of behavior. Modeling of an urban development pattern is the prerequisite to understanding the process and might be the first step in making a decision on urban planning. The main issues of great importance in land use modeling include spatial dynamics, temporal dynamics, incorporation of human drivers of land use changes, and scale dynamics. Dynamic simulation models and empirical estimation models have been used to model land use changes. Rule-based simulation models are mostly suitable for incorporating spatial interaction effects and handling temporal dynamics. However, Cellular Automata (CA) models do not focus on interpretation or understanding of Spatio-temporal processes of urban growth. Most dynamic simulation models cannot incorporate enough socioeconomic variables. Empirical estimation models use statistical techniques to model the relationships between land use changes and the drivers based on historic data. As an empirical estimation method, a regression model has been used in deforestation analysis, agriculture, and urban growth modeling.This paper tends to apply a regression to model urban changes in the old part of the Kermanshah city (Faizabad neighborhood) from 1956 to 2011. In this regard, multi-temporal airborne images were used as a data source. According to the common assumptions, urban physical forms are characterized as the results of a complex deliberation process that involves consideration of many factors. Monitoring of urban fibers transformation through airborne images and translating the obtained data provide a systematic database which can be used in empirical analyses. Applying a grid network for the first time yields the images to quantify obtained results from every cell of the network. In the second step, each cell value recorded for the available temporal period and the Minitab 16 software were used to gain regression equations from these values. The nearest relation between cells value in an observed period was provided by the software as a quadratic equation. Adding an appropriate value to equations gives an estimated amount for its related cell in the selected period of time. The approach was calibrated for 2016 by cross comparing of actual and simulated cells value. In order to examine the modeling precision, the same process was done for 2016 images and cells data were extracted. After the cross comparing, the simulation results were consonant more than 70% with actual data of 2016, which was satisfactory to approve the calibration process. Urban development programs and non-professional interventions in this case study area caused to more disparities and dismantle the logic of the model. Simplicity and the easiness of the proposed model are main privileges in comparison with the previous ones. In summary, this model can be used as a quick responsible way to predict urban changes in specific areas which give acceptable schematic responses. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - بررسی تأثیر تدابیر پیشگیری وضعی از جرایم در بحرانهای طبیعی (مورد مطالعه: نیروی انتظامی شهرستان کرمانشاه، سال 1394)
اکبر وروایی علی نادری -
Open Access Article
11 - بررسی وضعیت آمبولانسهای مراکز فوریتهای پزشکی شهرستانهای مرزی استان کرمانشاه (گیلان غرب، قصر شیرین، سرپل ذهاب در سال 1387)
مهرنوش جعفری محمد محبوبی -
Open Access Article
12 - The relationship between good governance and the development of a creative cultural city
Mehnosh Khazaee Mohsen Ameri Shahrabi Faramarz MalekiyanThe aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between good governance and the development of culturally creative city. The research method is descriptive-survey with a structural equation approach. The statistical population of the study was the middle and b MoreThe aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between good governance and the development of culturally creative city. The research method is descriptive-survey with a structural equation approach. The statistical population of the study was the middle and basic managers of the general administrations of Kermanshah with the number of statistical population of 145, which according to Cochran's formula, a sample of 108 people was selected by simple random sampling method. The data collection tools are the standard OPM and CIPFA (2004) Good Governance Standard Questionnaire and the Creative Cultural City of the Researcher, whose validity is constructed by validity; And their reliability was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha and hybrid reliability. The quality of the measurement model was confirmed by the cv.com test and the structural model was confirmed by the cv.red test. The results of the research hypotheses showed that the variable of good governance has a positive and direct effect on the variable of the culturally creative city. The components of good governance, including: consequentialism, effectiveness of maps and tasks, and accountability to the culturally creative city did not have a positive and direct effect, and the components of value promotion, transparency and capacity building did not affect the variable of the culturally creative city. Also, the good governance variable had a positive and direct effect on the components of the culturally creative city . Therefore, it can be said that paying attention to good governance in administrative departments and agencies can play a constructive. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - Evaluation of Development of Services and Infrastructure of War Tourism in Western Iran (Case study: cities of Kermanshah province)
Heydar LotfiWar tourism is a service activity that has been developing rapidly in recent years. Human-centered tourism has caused human factors to play a very significant role in its development. Respecting the victims of wars, in particular honoring the sacrifices of commanders, s MoreWar tourism is a service activity that has been developing rapidly in recent years. Human-centered tourism has caused human factors to play a very significant role in its development. Respecting the victims of wars, in particular honoring the sacrifices of commanders, soldiers and even civilians who have lost their lives in war, is roughly the common denominator of all nations and cultures. The purpose of this study is to analyze the data and information of war tourism services and infrastructures in the cities of Kermanshah province. Statistics and data have been extracted from the Statistical Yearbook of 2017. The ranking of multi-criteria decision-making techniques (COPRAS) was used in the SPSS software environment. The results of the research show that according to the criteria for prioritizing the cities of Kermanshah province in terms of services and tourism infrastructure of war, Kermanshah with a score of 1 is ranked first in terms of indicators of services and tourism facilities, Islamabad Gharb with a score of 0.234 is ranked second, Ghasr-Shirin with a score of 0.115, Harsin with a score of 0.081 is in tenth place, Gilan-Gharb with a score of 0.071 points, Dalaho with a score of 0.054 in the twelfth position, Ravensar with a score of 0.046 at the thirteenth place and the Salas Baba Jani with a score of 0.028 at the fourteenth. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - A Study Relationship between Work Ethic and Organizational Citizenship Behavior (Case Study: Teachers of Kerman)
mohammad hasan sh داریوش بوستانی musa saadatiOrganizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) is a conscious and completely voluntary behavior which totally enhances effectiveness of the organization, while it is not identified by official reward system. Organization will equip more resources and reduce the need for the MoreOrganizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) is a conscious and completely voluntary behavior which totally enhances effectiveness of the organization, while it is not identified by official reward system. Organization will equip more resources and reduce the need for the official sources and expensive. The research examines the relationship between work ethic and organizational citizenship behavior through survey. From among all working teachers in Kerman, 396 were selected as statistical sample. Inferential results are indicative of significant relationship existing between the teachers' gender, work experience, Education, those levels they are teaching at with organizational citizenship behavior. On the other hand, no relationship exists between age, income and organizational citizenship behavior. Also, Results from the two-variable test represented a significant positive relationship existing between dependable, ambitious, Considerate and Cooperative with organizational citizenship behavior. Regression analysis showed that various dimensions of work ethic were capable of explaining 25% of organizational citizenship behavior. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - Estimating Daily Maximum Temperatures Using Artificial Networks (Case study: Kerman)
Shokoufeh Omidi ghaleh mohammadi Ahmad Mazidi Sodabh Karemi Najmeh Hassani sadi Mahboobeh Omidi ghaleh mohammadi hassan kharajporConsidering the capability of the artificial neural networks in simulating sophisticated processes, it is being used in estimation and computation of climatic parameters. The goal of this research is to estimate the daily maximum temperature in Kerman province. To this MoreConsidering the capability of the artificial neural networks in simulating sophisticated processes, it is being used in estimation and computation of climatic parameters. The goal of this research is to estimate the daily maximum temperature in Kerman province. To this aim, daily climatic parameters as input to the neural networks and daily maximum temperature as the output during a statistical period of 24 years (1989-2013) were used, the findings revealed that the output of the multi-layer perceptron neural network, considering the error amount and correlation among data, is more precise and shows lower error and more correlation in relation to the expected output (daily maximum temperature). Also, among other climatic parameters, minimum temperature and the average of the wet temperature indicated the estimation of the daily maximum temperature with lower error and more correlation in comparison to other climatic parameters. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
16 - Assessment and Evaluation of Development Status in Kermanshah Province with Emphasis on Regionalism Policy
Ali purmirza Rebaz Ghorbaninejad aazam yousefi Rahim sarvarDue to the human, natural resources and geographical and political conditions of the border regions in the national development process today, local resource-based planning can be prioritized through a coordinated military plan. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the MoreDue to the human, natural resources and geographical and political conditions of the border regions in the national development process today, local resource-based planning can be prioritized through a coordinated military plan. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the economic, social, environmental and cultural indicators in order to achieve the important goals of sustainable development, in the form of regionalism policy, by modeling and providing appropriate solutions. In this study, the status of development in Kermanshah province was investigated with emphasis on regionalism policy. By studying and compiling120 questionnaires containing50questions, the impact of regionalism in different dimensions was studied from the perspective of managers of 5 Kermanshah border towns. Data analysis was done by SPSS.Wilcoxon test was used for statistical analysis of the difference between the status quo and the ideal condition. The results indicate that there are significant differences in the two dimensions between the status quo and the ideal condition.So it can be said that there is a significant gap between the status quo and the ideal conditions for development, and this difference is shown in all dimensions as maps (GIS). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
17 - Study the main synoptic sea level pressure In freezing frost of Kermanshah province
ali hassanzadeh hooshmand ataee nader parvin amir gandomkarAgricultural crops have damaged a lot due to the aftermath of late spring frost, and because low temperatures have damaging effects on agricultural production, it is essential to anticipate and prevent potential damages. Often, atmospheric temperatures variations are ve MoreAgricultural crops have damaged a lot due to the aftermath of late spring frost, and because low temperatures have damaging effects on agricultural production, it is essential to anticipate and prevent potential damages. Often, atmospheric temperatures variations are very urgent due to the ightemperature of the systems and the plants can not adapting themselves with severe oscillations and,consequently, have been damaged. identifying the sea level equations and the late spring freezing frost of the period from 1990 to 2015. This analyze has been done to determine the times of the freezing phenomenon, determine the minimum daily temperature of 7 stations placed in Kermanshah, Hamedan and Ilam. After analyzing the data of spring frost freezing of Kermanshah province using the main component analysis technique and hierarchical clustering method ,the most common 10 patterns of late spring coldness of the areawerestudied and determined. In 10 resulting cluster, the 8 clusters are related to the high pressure pattern of Siberia. From the total 91 days of spring frost freezing in Kermanshah province (79% (72 days)) is due to the high rainfall of Siberia, 12% (11 days) is due to the Mediterranean climate and 9% (8 days) is due to the Van lake climate. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
18 - The Inspection of natural parameters position in eployment Of Rural Residency inKermanshah Province in accordance With Analytical Hierarchy process (AHP) through GIS
Zahra Gholamirad Rad Majid Vali Shariat PanahiNatural parameters play an extremely crucial role in the inhabitation process and ruraldissemination that’s to say some of these parameters posses even move impact upon themthan other ones .the present survey endeavors to estimate and scrutinize the deployment of2 MoreNatural parameters play an extremely crucial role in the inhabitation process and ruraldissemination that’s to say some of these parameters posses even move impact upon themthan other ones .the present survey endeavors to estimate and scrutinize the deployment of2793 rural areas associated and correlated to natural parameters in Kermanshahprovince.Furthermore the survey, within its chapters has situated other factor or factorswhose roles are considered even more effective compared to other ones.Rural zonesbroadening map,also,is to be accessed through three individual categories,appropriate,modestly proper,and inappropriate.To approach and fullfill this purpose, 8 natural parameters suchas major rivers,fault,climatic elements,like precipitation,evaporation ,temprature,altitude andslope were adopted to be effectively major reasons in order for a location to be inhabited.Over this procedure,parameter maps on the basis of numerical variant wereprovided through ARC GIS10 software. Afterwards,A.H.P, was employed to measure eachindex weight for the blend of layers and target map supplies, the survey has benefitedoverlay method . most of the villages,according to what was mentioned above,havebeen resided in appropriate type, and only 2.90 percent of rural areas are located innaturally inappropriate conditions .as the issues above are noticed, its not improper toclaim there is a closely direct connection between natural parameters and locationselection. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
19 - The analysis of suitable housing in Villagers opinion Case study: Central District Villages of Kermanshah Township
Nowzar GhanbariHousing, like food and clothing is one of the basic needs of human being. Therefore, human being since his creation has been thinking about satisfying this need. In villages, housing should have specific characteristics due to the productive nature of villages. The pur MoreHousing, like food and clothing is one of the basic needs of human being. Therefore, human being since his creation has been thinking about satisfying this need. In villages, housing should have specific characteristics due to the productive nature of villages. The purpose of the present study is investigating the satisfaction of villagers from their housings and understanding differences between their present housings and the criteria of their ideal housings. Rural areas of the central parts of Kermanshah were studied in this resarch. A descriptive – analytic method of research was used in which using questionare was emphasized. The data were collected from 300 sample statistics and SPSS used to analyze the data. Findings, indicated that villagers had low satisfaction with their housings. Findings also showed that there was not a significant difference between the present housing characteristics and the ideal housings(p<0.05). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
20 - Study of the Likelihood of Climate change in Kerman Province Using Man – Kendall Method (Case Study: Kerman Station)
بتول BahakClimate change is one of the major challenges faced by man in the current age. Phenomena such as precipitation changes, global warmness, melting of polar ices, flood, unexpected and severe coldness and warmness in most parts of the world are so severe, damaging and stre MoreClimate change is one of the major challenges faced by man in the current age. Phenomena such as precipitation changes, global warmness, melting of polar ices, flood, unexpected and severe coldness and warmness in most parts of the world are so severe, damaging and stressful that have resulted in climate change to be at the top of the studies of climatic sciences researchers and extensive international, regional and local studies have already addressed that. In order to review the possibility of climate change in Kerman Province, precipitation average, minimum, average and maximum temperatures of synoptic station in Kerman during 1956-2005 were received from the website of meteorology organization and was adjusted in terms of time series and was then studied by using Man – Kendall test. In this research, type and time of changes in the aforesaid elements were identified by using the above model. The results obtained from the analyses indicate that commencement time of most changes is sudden and of both trend and fluctuation types. precipitation changes in warm months is considerable while minimum, average and maximum temperatures in April, November and December were more considerable. No significant changes are observed in other months. On the whole, precipitation in the station during the period of study decreased and average, minimum and maximum temperatures increased. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
21 - Examine the Citizens' Participation in Rehabilitation and Renew This Neighborhood (Case study: Accounting lecturer Kermanshah streets of old ones)
Asadollah Naghdi Shakiba KoolivandIntroduction and Objective: The most of Iranian historical and main cities have big problems in those worn out urban textures. With some reasons such as climate, type of materials, the lack of urbanism rules and standards in urban designing are faced with difficulty. Du MoreIntroduction and Objective: The most of Iranian historical and main cities have big problems in those worn out urban textures. With some reasons such as climate, type of materials, the lack of urbanism rules and standards in urban designing are faced with difficulty. Due to the any action planning and urban plans, need to remarks distinguished from economic, social, physical, legal and environmental points. In Kermanshah city suffered by old texture like Modras Street. Method: this study method was analytic-descriptive is due to the nature of the study required, data collected through field studies with observation and interview techniques have been used. Thus 50 interviews among citizens, experts and urban managers were conducted. Findings: The Findings indicate that 70 percent of respondents over 40 years of age, low education levels and the majority of households located on lower middle income groups. In studied individuals the local identity is moderate. Among the ways of citizen participation, surveys, training, and notification and Mass Media of the most important ways was selected; 67 percent of respondents Stated 'Getting a loan' as the best step into the urban renewal in this area. Results: results of this study suggest that not only motivates to participate is necessary (due to high financial risk and lower facility) is low level but also there is opposite organizations views concerned about doing projects. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
22 - Effect of agricultural water use management on food security of farmers’ households in family farming system: case study of Kermanshah county
Hossein shabanali fami mostafa moradi Ali AsadiThe purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of agricultural water use management on food security in family farming system in Kermanshah county. The statistical population of the study consisted of 9656 of irrigation farmers in Kermanshah county. Sample s MoreThe purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of agricultural water use management on food security in family farming system in Kermanshah county. The statistical population of the study consisted of 9656 of irrigation farmers in Kermanshah county. Sample size was determined using Cochran’s formula, 217 farmers were selected by stratified sampling method. Validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by content validity method using the comments related to the panel of experts (faculty members of the department of agricultural management and development at university of Tehran) and its reliability was confirmed by Cronbach’s alpha coefficient (0.73-0.81). SPSSWin23 software was used to analyze the data. The results of path analysis showed that agricultural water use management directly and indirectly influences farmers’ food security by improving product quality and product diversity, changing crop pattern, increasing agricultural consumption and agricultural production, and also increasing inputs’ productivity and income increase. Improving Farmers' water use management In addition to increasing production and productivity of inputs and improving farmers' income, it will increase farmers' access to a diverse and quality food basket and ultimately improve their food security. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
23 - An Investigation into Risk Resources of Medicinal Plants in Kermanshah Province(The case of Papper mint)
Fatemeh Kooshki farahnaz rostami Aliasghar rakzadehThe present research was conducted to investigate the risks of peppermint production in Kermanshah province, Iran. The research was a quantitative study in paradigm, an applied study in terms of objective, and a descriptive survey in terms of data collection methodology MoreThe present research was conducted to investigate the risks of peppermint production in Kermanshah province, Iran. The research was a quantitative study in paradigm, an applied study in terms of objective, and a descriptive survey in terms of data collection methodology. The statistical population consisted of 101 peppermint farmers whose data were collected by the complete enumeration technique. The research instrument was a researcher made questionnaire consisting of two sections pertaining to the demographic and occupational characteristics of the participants and some items to measure risks. The data were analyzed by opinion polls and related formulas. The users of the peppermint medicinal plant ranked the three main risks in the order of institutional, price/market, and human social in importance. The most important institutional risks included the lack of government support for crop selling and marketing at a reasonable price, the lack of support for the presentation of climatically compatible cultivars in the province, and the lack of government support for farmers regarding training and introduction of cultivation of medicinal plants. The main market risks of peppermint were listed as the involvement of intermediaries and dealers, the lack of (formal/informal) guaranteed sales, and the lack of equipment and facilities for product processing and packaging. The most important human risks were enumerated as high labor costs, labor unavailable for cultivation, and the lack of labor knowledge and skill of harvest operation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
24 - Analysis of the influence of job satisfaction dimensions on the organizational commitment; the case of experts in Agriculture-Jahad organization of Kermanshah province
Payam Memarbashi Hamideh MaleksaeidiThis survey study aimed to investigate the influence of five dimensions of job satisfaction including satisfaction with the nature of work, satisfaction with colleagues, satisfaction with promotion, satisfaction with the supervisor and satisfaction with wages on the org MoreThis survey study aimed to investigate the influence of five dimensions of job satisfaction including satisfaction with the nature of work, satisfaction with colleagues, satisfaction with promotion, satisfaction with the supervisor and satisfaction with wages on the organizational commitment of experts in the Agriculture-Jahad organization of Kermanshah province. Data for the study was collected using a questionnaire. The statistical population of the study consisted of experts in the Agriculture-Jahad organization of Kermanshah province which 265 of them were selected for the study based on the Kerjesi and Morgan sampling table and through stratified random sampling method. Findings of the study indicated the effect of satisfaction with the nature of work, satisfaction with the supervisor, satisfaction with wages and satisfaction with promotion have influence on the organizational commitment. Among these, satisfaction with the nature of work had the most positive and significant effect on the organizational commitment, while satisfaction with promotion had a negative effect on the organizational commitment. Based on the findings of the study, practical suggestions were made to improve the organizational commitment of experts of Agriculture-Jahad organization of Kermanshah Province. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
25 - Analysis of technical and managerial solutions to improve fuel efficiency in agricultural conversion and complementary industries in Kermanshah province
jafar yaghoubi sara poorjebrael Aliasghar mirakzadehAgricultural transformation and supplementary industries are one of the most important rural industries. The purpose of this research was to identify technical and managerial solutions to improve fuel efficiency in the conversion and complementary industries in Kermansh MoreAgricultural transformation and supplementary industries are one of the most important rural industries. The purpose of this research was to identify technical and managerial solutions to improve fuel efficiency in the conversion and complementary industries in Kermanshah province. Descriptive survey method was used in this research. A questionnaire used to collect data. The validity of the questionnaire was approved by a panel of faculty member and related experts. Pre-test and calculating Cronbach’s alpha coefficients were used to measure the reliability (0.71-0.94). Managers of agricultural transformation and supplementary industries units in Kermanshah province formed the population of this study (N=69) and 46 samples were selected using stratified random sampling. Based on exploratory factor analysis, the most important technical solutions to improve fuel efficiency in the agricultural conversion and supplementary industries of Kermanshah province was summarized in six factors including continuous updating of equipment, strengthening the use of equipment to reduce energy loss, automation of ventilation machines, technical management of systems, replacement of fuel with gas and periodical service of equipment. These factors explained 76.14 percent of the total variance of technical solutions. Management solutions to improve fuel efficiency were also summarized in four factors: investment in optimization and renovation, education and information, targeted government interventions with an optimization approach and reforming energy price policies, which explained 75.52% of the total variance of management solutions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
26 - Investigating the Effect of Altruistic and Egoistic Values on the Attitudes and Intentions of Farmers in Kermanshah Province to Adapt to Water Scarcity
Yousof Azadi jafar yaghoubi Haydar Gholizadeh Saeed Gholamrezai Fatemeh Rahimi-FeyzabadThe present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of altruistic and Egoistic values on the attitude and intention of farmers in Kermanshah province to adapt to water shortage. In order to select farmers, a multi-stage cluster sampling method was u MoreThe present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of altruistic and Egoistic values on the attitude and intention of farmers in Kermanshah province to adapt to water shortage. In order to select farmers, a multi-stage cluster sampling method was used (n=380). The data was collected from the wheat farmers of Kermanshah province through a researcher-made questionnaire. The reliability and validity of the questionnaire was tested and confirmed. The conceptual model was analyzed using partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). The results showed that the variable of altruistic values had a positive and significant effect on the variables of attitude and intention to adapt, and the variable of egoistic values had a negative and significant effect on the variables of attitude and intention to adapt. Also, the attitude variable towards adapting to water scarcity had a positive and significant effect on the intention to adapt. In the present study, 39% of the variance of the attitude variable and 50.1% of the variance of the intention to adapt to water scarcity were explained. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
27 - Experiences of Agricultural Experts and Farmers to Identifying and Prioritizing Farmers’ Information Resources of Kermanshah County villages
Shapour Zarifian Mohammad Reza Esmaili Matin Hossein Raheli Mohammad Bagher Alizade AghdamAcquaintance with information resources considered as a sustainable development tool for villages in order to raise awareness, reduce information gap and increase efficiency of villagers. The main purpose of this research is to identify the information sources of farmer MoreAcquaintance with information resources considered as a sustainable development tool for villages in order to raise awareness, reduce information gap and increase efficiency of villagers. The main purpose of this research is to identify the information sources of farmers in the villages of Kermanshah. The research method is qualitative and is done with the phenomenological approach on agricultural experts and farmers in the summer of 1396 in order to identify information sources using deep open and semi-structured interviews. In order to prioritize the information resources of the farmers, they were targeted by sampling and data saturation, with the confidentiality of information and the ability to leave the study at any time. By analyzing and integrating the main components, four main components were identified and 22 sub-components were extracted and used for AHP ranking. The results showed that the incompatibility rate was less than 0.1. So there is compatibility in the pair comparison. Therefore, all elements have a good and acceptable weight. The result was that based on the calculations carried out and the amount of their accuracy, it was determined that among the main factors of information resources, holding educational classes with a weight of 0.14 is in the first place and the use of websites with the weight of 0.007 is in the last place. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
28 - Designing the Sustainability Model of Agricultural Small and Medium-Size Businesses in Kermanshah Province
leila sharafi Roohollah Rezaei Ali Asghar Mirakzadeh Esmaeel KaramidehkordiThis qualitative study was carried out with aim to design the model of sustainability of agricultural small and medium-sized businesses in Kermanshah province. The statistical population of this study consisted of the experts and key informants in Kermanshah province of MoreThis qualitative study was carried out with aim to design the model of sustainability of agricultural small and medium-sized businesses in Kermanshah province. The statistical population of this study consisted of the experts and key informants in Kermanshah province of which 20 persons were selected using the purposive sampling method and snowball technique. Semi-structured interviews were used to collect data. The data collection process was continued until reaching theoretical saturation or usefulness threshold of available information. The software of MAXQDA 11 was used to analyze the data. The results of the study showed that the main dimensions of the sustainability of agricultural small and medium-sized businesses were economic sustainability (including financial performance, self-reliance and financial independence, customer and market performance, and innovation and business development), social sustainability (including social communications and interactions, social responsibility and mutual social trust) and environmental sustainability (including sustainable and healthy production, conservation and optimal utilization of environmental resources and waste management). Additionally, the results of the study indicated that the main factors affecting the sustainability of agricultural small and medium-sized businesses in Kermanshah province were intra-organizational factors (including family and personal factors of the manager, marketing factors, economic-financial factors, production factors and product characteristics, factors related to business characteristics and communication and information factors) and extra-organizational factors (including political-legal, infrastructural-supportive and factors related to extension interventions). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
29 - Survey of Measuring the Importance of Agricultural Development Criteria: An Experimental Study in Southern Kerman
Mina Faryabi Mostafa Ahmadvand Ayatollah KaramiDetermining the importance of agricultural development criteria is crucial for accurate measurement of level of agricultural development in any area. Therefore, this descriptive-analytical study aims at determining the importance of the agricultural development criteria MoreDetermining the importance of agricultural development criteria is crucial for accurate measurement of level of agricultural development in any area. Therefore, this descriptive-analytical study aims at determining the importance of the agricultural development criteria. For this purpose, weighing accounting process was implemented. The weighting of criteria was developed by obtaining a ratio scale based upon a paired comparison of each criterion. Thus, the study used archival documents, a questionnaire survey, and interviews. The statistical population was all managers and experts (N=150) in southern Kerman Jihad-e-Agriculture Organization. Therefore, 19 managers and specialists of the organization were involved in the study using snowball sampling technique. Data processing was done using SPSS19. Research findings indicated that agricultural development criteria could be categorized into eight criteria: development of infrastructure, institutional, human development, mechanization, livestock and animal products, animal health, horticulture and agronomy. Among them, three development criteria include: animal health development, human resources and infrastructure were the most important measures of agricultural development. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
30 - Study of Factors Effecting the Use of Public Libraries (Case study of User of Kermanshah Public Libraries)
Amin Zare Yaser Godeyni Aref RiahiPurpose: Public Libraries must have a facilities and variety of resources for every people and every age and people by all education level to fiend their own information needs. Today's, according to some problems, these libraries have a lot of problems and they have cha MorePurpose: Public Libraries must have a facilities and variety of resources for every people and every age and people by all education level to fiend their own information needs. Today's, according to some problems, these libraries have a lot of problems and they have challenged by lake of time of user. Methodology: This is survey study and all users of Kermanshah public libraries include this study population. The data collection tool was questionnaire and its reliability was confirmed by calculating Cornbrash's alpha coefficient 0.94. Findings: Findings show that rate of use of Kermanshah public libraries are not in the good condition. Also findings show that there are significant relation between "Age", "Sex", "Education Level", " Leisure", "Use of Internet", and "Distance to library" and use of Public Library. Conclusion: Attention to suitable location of public libraries in Kermanshah and policy making for structural reforms and content for attract different people like women and young people are one of the most important results of this study. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
31 - Socio-political and Economic Risks Caused by the Phenomenon of Particulate Matter as an Obstacle to Sustainable Development (The province of Kermanshah)
Saman yousefvand Shapour Salmanvandi ali qanbari barzianBackground and Objective: For more than a decade, the southwestern provinces of Iran have encountered with the phenomenon of sand and dust storms. This phenomenon has become the most common cause of air and environmental pollution in those areas. The present research ai MoreBackground and Objective: For more than a decade, the southwestern provinces of Iran have encountered with the phenomenon of sand and dust storms. This phenomenon has become the most common cause of air and environmental pollution in those areas. The present research aims to examine the challenges and risks posed by this phenomenon against sustainable development. Method: This research has investigated the social, political and economic dimensions of the dust problem using a qualitative method (thematic analysis). The techniques used were semi-structured interviews and observations. In this study, 60 local people were interviewed. Findings: The findings show that dust particles not only have caused the loss of biological balance of plant species in the environment, but also they have had devastating effects on the local businesses and have caused socio-psychological and health problems and increased the cost of life for the people and the government. The phenomenon of dust can be considered as the most important factor that has reduced the objective and subjective quality of life of locals. Discussion and Conclusion: This research shows that this phenomenon has created an undesirable collection of issues in the economic, social and health fields that reproduces a polysemantic structure of poverty. In such undesirable environment, dissatisfaction with the current situation has paved the way for the collapse of the balance of the social system of the society. This kind of climate change has had a great impact on the quality of life of the people, which, on the one hand, provides a platform for distrust to the involved institutions and, on the other hand, threatens the sustainability of development in the social, economic and political dimensions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
32 - Assessment of urban areas sustainability, Case study: Kermanshah, Iran
Somayeh Zinatizadeh Aeizh Azmi Seyed Masoud Monavari Soheil SobhanardakaniBackground and Objective: sustainable development is the balance between various economic, social and environmental aspects which aims at improving the quality of human life. The aim of this study is to evaluate the six different areas of Kermanshah city based on urban MoreBackground and Objective: sustainable development is the balance between various economic, social and environmental aspects which aims at improving the quality of human life. The aim of this study is to evaluate the six different areas of Kermanshah city based on urban sustainable development indicators. Method: The research is applied and its method is descriptive-analytical. The level of development of different areas of Kermanshah has been studied using three methods, SAW, ELECTRE and TOPSIS in conjunction with Shannon's entropy and enjoying 44 effective indices in sustainable urban development as well as ELECTRE, TOPSIS, Excel, Shannon's entropy, SPSS soft wares. Findings: The results of this study indicate that in all three methods, 1 and 4 districts showed a higher stability. While areas 2 and 3 had an average sustainability and areas 5 and 6 showed less sustainability. Friedman's test results show that there is no significant difference among the three models in ranking the urban areas. Discussion and Conclusion: Given the results of this study, the level of urban services and amenities is not the same in different areas. So establishing a harmonious relationship among the six areas of Kermanshah to achieve sustainable development seems necessary. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
33 - Investigating the Quantitative Trend of Land Changes in Kermanshah Province (Case Study: Gharesou and Mereg Watershed (in years 1984, 2000, and 2016))
Fatemeh Mardani Yaghouti Mehrdad Khanmohammadi Peyman KaramiBackground and Objectives: Human activities change land cover at unprecedented speeds and large spatial scales. The rapid changes in ecosystems in recent decades have been more along all the human history and have led to unprecedented changes in ecosystems and env MoreBackground and Objectives: Human activities change land cover at unprecedented speeds and large spatial scales. The rapid changes in ecosystems in recent decades have been more along all the human history and have led to unprecedented changes in ecosystems and environmental performance at local, regional and global scales. This research aims to investigate the process of landscape quantitative changes in Gharesou and Mereg watersheds. Investigation method: For monitoring changes, Landsat satellite imagery of 1984 (TM), 2000 (ETM+) and 2016 (OLI-TIRS) were used. The classification was performed using Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model. Land cover was classified into seven categories. Metrics PLAND, NP (Number of Patch), PD (Patch Density), and ED (Edge Density) at the Level of Class, NP, LPI (Largest Patch Index), CONTAG (Contagion), and SHDI (Shannon's diversity index) were calculated at the level of Landscape for the study area. Results: The results indicate that the highest percentage of the land cover belongs to agricultural lands and then medium rangelands. The numbers of patches of agricultural land in the period of 1984-2004 has increased due to the conversion of rangelands to agricultural lands and then between years 2000-2016 have decreased due to the conversion to medium ranges with a lesser rate. The number of forest patches in the first period has decreased because of conversion to medium rangelands and increased during the second period. Conclusion: The study of the landscape metrics indicates the increase in continuity, the reduction of fragmentation and diversity in the first time period, and in contrast, in the second time period, continuity has decreased and fragmentation and diversity have increased. Given the fact that the process of landscape changes varies over two different periods, it can generally be noted that the fragmentation and diversity of the landscape have declined and the spatial continuity has increased. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
34 - Prioritizing Effective Metrics in Urban Resilient Using PROMETHEE Visual Software (case study of Kermanshah city)
Mohammad Rauf Heidarifar mahnaz hosseini siagholi esmail solimaniradBackground and Objective: Today with all the advances in science, disasters such as earthquakes predictors are not nearly or as unavoidable as natural disasters. City of Kermanshah, due to its location, can always face dangers such as floods, earthquakes and other natur MoreBackground and Objective: Today with all the advances in science, disasters such as earthquakes predictors are not nearly or as unavoidable as natural disasters. City of Kermanshah, due to its location, can always face dangers such as floods, earthquakes and other natural disasters. Method: The paper study is descriptive-analytic and its purpose is to study the resilience of Kermanshah through the PROMETHEE visual software, to prioritize the effective Factors in urban Resilient, so that the elements of the Institutional - Management, Sub-structural, Physical, Social and Economical in a questionnaire. Findings: The results showed that based on a survey and interview with 42 experts, weighing the indexes and finally ranking them using the V P model. Discussion and Conclusion: According to the component ranking, region 6 with pH + 0.8333 has the highest weight and regions 1 and 2 with the weight of pH 0.2333 have the lowest priority scoring points of effective resilience criteria of Kermanshah city. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
35 - Pathology of Non- Acceptance Conservation Agriculture in Kermanshah Province by Using Paradigm Model
mosayeb gholami amir alibygi abdolhamid papzanBackground and Objective: Problems facing the agricultural sector of Kermanshah province, such as; emissions of greenhouse gases, soil erosion, excessive use of pesticides and chemical fertilizers have caused that in this province and there is no choice but to turn to c MoreBackground and Objective: Problems facing the agricultural sector of Kermanshah province, such as; emissions of greenhouse gases, soil erosion, excessive use of pesticides and chemical fertilizers have caused that in this province and there is no choice but to turn to conservation agriculture. Despite promotional activities and programs to promote conservation agriculture, this has not been well received by farmers, and there are only a handful of farmers who use conservation agriculture. Therefore, the present study deals with the pathology of non-acceptance of conservation agriculture in Kermanshah province. Method: The research community in this research is the experts in the Agricultural conservation Office in Jihad Agricultural Organization of Kermanshah Province. Identification of the samples was done purposefully and using sampling with maximum diversity. The data gathering tool was interviewed and data analysis was content analysis and paradigm model of grounded theory. Findings: The results showed that there are countless factors that prevented farmers from accepting agricultural conservation, including factors such as lack of government support, economic and cultural problems, lack of access to equipment, etc. Discussion: Considering to findings research on the existence of supportive, economic and cultural barriers and the inability of farmers to deal with these dilemmas and problems., Therefore, it is recommended that planners and policymakers extension and develop agricultural conservation by removing barriers and holding suitable training courses and field visits to extension of agricultural conservation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
36 - Investigation of Land Use Change Using Landscape Ecology Approach (Case study: Zagros Dam Basin in Gilan Gharb)
Parisa Pirouzinejad maryam morovati Nooshin PirouzinejadBackground and Objective: The Zagros Dam watershed in Kermanshah Province is enclosed by the cities of Dalaho, Sarpol Zahab, Islamabad Gharb and Gilan Gharb and has experienced drastic land use changes in the last decade. The aim of the study was to investigate the chan MoreBackground and Objective: The Zagros Dam watershed in Kermanshah Province is enclosed by the cities of Dalaho, Sarpol Zahab, Islamabad Gharb and Gilan Gharb and has experienced drastic land use changes in the last decade. The aim of the study was to investigate the changes in land use using land surface ecology measures, due to the change in Zagros oak forests and data provision, lack of agricultural land, soil erosion and flooding in the area. Material and Methodology: Landsat 8 satellite images from 2010 and 2020 were used in this study. After the necessary image pre-processing, educational patterns were identified using false-colour imagery (FCC) and vegetation index (NDVI). Classification was done using 730 training points from agricultural, forest, pasture and residential areas using Artificial Neural Network (ANN), Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Maximum Likelihood Theory. Land surface measurements were used at two levels of class and landscape, and the changes that occurred in the landscape were quantified. After calculating the changes using the Markov chain, the potential of changes between different land uses was obtained for the year 2030. Findings: ¬ According to the results, the area of agricultural land use in 2010 was 23,933.43 hectares, which increased to 25,344.09 hectares in 2020, indicating the dominance of this land use in the changes that occurred. Forest and pasture land use showed a decreasing trend. Field measurements of the land surface also revealed significant changes in the class level and the landscape. The entropy metric of disorder and disturbance at the boundary of natural land uses such as forest and pasture showed an increasing trend from 2010 to 2020. The measure of the number of patches (NP) and the measure of continuity (CONTAG) showed that the changes that occurred in the area of the Zagros Dam were towards the fragmentation of the landscape and also towards the reduction of its continuity. Discussion and Conclusion: The future trend of land use change will be towards the predominance of agricultural land use and the reduction of natural land use, so it is necessary for the relevant executive bodies to have more control over the destruction of natural land at the edge of agricultural land. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
37 - Investigating the Determining Determinants in the Feasibility of Establishing an Occupational Safety and Health Management System in Iranian Government Organizations (Case study of government offices in Kerman province)
esmaeil kahoori pour Aflatun Amiri saeed sayadi zahra shokuh sanjar salajegheBackground and Objectives: Feasibility studies are a tool that can increase the clarity of the conditions for planners. The purpose of this study is to identify the effective and determinant factors in the feasibility of establishment of occupational health and safety m MoreBackground and Objectives: Feasibility studies are a tool that can increase the clarity of the conditions for planners. The purpose of this study is to identify the effective and determinant factors in the feasibility of establishment of occupational health and safety management system in Iranian governmental organizations.Method: This research is an applied research in terms of purpose and is in the category of applied development research. The statistical population of this study consists of two groups. The first group consisted of 30 experts and the second group consisted of all employees of governmental organizations in Kerman province with 77528 persons that the sample size in this area was determined using Cochran formula of 384 individuals. This research was conducted in 1398.The research instrument is a researcher-made questionnaire on the feasibility of establishing an Occupational Safety and Health Management System whose validity has been confirmed by experts and its reliability has been confirmed in order to Cronbach's alpha value for feasibility variable for occupational health and safety management system deployment is 0.986. Data were analyzed using SPSS software and Smart Pls.Findings: The findings of the study indicate that intra-organizational and intra-organizational contextual factors and their components have a favorable status and their impact on the feasibility of establishing an Occupational Safety and Health Management System is positive and significant. Technological and temporal factors had the highest ratings with external ratings of 4.24 and 4.17, respectively, and leadership and information style factors with the average ratings of 4.38 and 4.31, respectively, they were the highest among the factors within the organization.Discussion and Conclusion: Considering the factors considered in the present study and considering the strengths and weaknesses of these factors can greatly clarify the path towards the establishment of occupational health and safety management system in Iranian governmental organizations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
38 - Designing and Explaining the Feasibility Study of Establishing an Occupational Safety and Health Management System in Iranian Government Organizations (Case Study: Government Offices in Kerman Province)
esmaeil kahoori pour Aflatun Amiri saeed sayadiBackground and Objective: The category of occupational health and safety management, which is one of the most necessary and legal requirements of the workplace, includes a wide range of issues, standards, programs, instructions and sometimes strategic assignments, which MoreBackground and Objective: The category of occupational health and safety management, which is one of the most necessary and legal requirements of the workplace, includes a wide range of issues, standards, programs, instructions and sometimes strategic assignments, which can only be implemented through the systematic application of methods. Appropriate management will be possible. The purpose of this study is to design a feasibility model for the establishment of occupational safety and health management system in Iranian government organizations.Material and Methodology: This research is an applied research in terms of purpose and is in the category of applied developmental research. The statistical population of this study consists of two groups. The first group is 40 experts and the second group is all employees of government organizations in Kerman province with a volume of 77528 people. The sample size in this field was determined to be 384 people using Cochran's formula. The research instrument is two questionnaires: effective and determining factors in designing the model of occupational safety and health management system and predisposing factors in feasibility of establishing occupational safety and health management system, the validity and reliability of which by Kahouripour et al. In government organizations Iran has been evaluated and approved, so that the value of Cronbach's alpha for the variable of occupational safety and health management system is equal to 0.992 and for the variable of feasibility of the establishment of occupational safety and health management system is equal to 0.986. Data were analyzed using SPSS and Smart Pls software.Findings: Based on the research findings, the designed model regarding the feasibility of establishing an occupational safety and health management system in Iranian government organizations has been approved. Their components have a positive and significant effect on the feasibility of establishing an occupational safety and health management system.Disscotion & Conclusion: Considering the comprehensiveness of the research, the results of this research can be considered as a tool for empowering managers in the field of up-to-date knowledge of occupational safety and health management system and feasibility of its establishment in government organizations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
39 - Determine the amount of lead, cadmium, copper, zinc and calcium antagonists of milk and cheese which is produced in Kerman and Sirjan pasteurized milk factory
Amir-Naser Alibeigi Mohammad Malakootian Seyed Alireza MirzahoseiniBackground and Objective: Determine the residual concentrations of heavy metals in milk can be a direct indicator for the definition health status of milk and also is an indirect determiner indicator for degree of environmental pollution. This study aimed to evaluate th MoreBackground and Objective: Determine the residual concentrations of heavy metals in milk can be a direct indicator for the definition health status of milk and also is an indirect determiner indicator for degree of environmental pollution. This study aimed to evaluate the metals including Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn and Ca of pasteurized milk and cheese in two milk factories in Kerman province. Methods: From raw milk, pasteurized milk and cheese of both factories two samples were taken in half a month in the fall and winter. Overall 360 experiments were conducted on 72 samples to determine the levels of Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn and Ca by atomic Absorption Spectrometry. All tests are based on instructions of standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater book. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 16. Findings: The averages of measured metal concentrations in pasteurized milk of Sirjan factory are: Pb:3.4±2.7µg/L, Cd:0.29±o.o8µg/L, Zn:5.06±0.39mg/L ،Cu:0.60±0.10mg/L, Ca: 1019±73mg/L and the averages metal concentrations of produced cheese in mentioned factory are Pb:53.5±8.5 µg/kg, Cd: 2.08±0.18µg/kg, Cu:1.65±0.18mg/kg, Zn:9.98±0.77mg/kg, Ca:2172±161 mg/kg, respectively. The averages of measured metal concentrations in pasteurized milk of Kerman factory are Pb:3.6±1.9 µg/L, Cd: 0.29±o.o9 µg/L, Zn:4.5±0.54 mg/L, Cu:0.57±0.07mg/L, Ca:1075±47mg/L and the averages metal concentrations of produced cheese in mentioned factory are Pb:56.9±7.0 µg/kg, Cd:3.67±0.4 µg/kg, Cu:1.49±0.13mg/kg, Zn:10.17±0.81mg/kg, Ca:2254±126 mg/kg, respectively. Discussion and Conclusion: The amounts of measured metal in the study are as global standards (FAO/WHO and Codex 2007) or some dairy producing countries (Brazil's National Health Surveillance Agency) and will not create a hazard for consumers. Just Lead in cheese is higher than the permissible limit Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
40 - Identification of lichens around Sarcheshme copper plant and investigation of the effect of pollutants from plant on their cover and density
Sahar Lotfian Ali Ahmadi Moghadam Ali Asghar MasoumiBackground and Objective: SO2 and other pollutants have negative effects on the environment. Activity of Sarcheshme copper plant releases high amount of gases into the environment from reflective and converter furnaces per hour. These cases reflective and converter furn MoreBackground and Objective: SO2 and other pollutants have negative effects on the environment. Activity of Sarcheshme copper plant releases high amount of gases into the environment from reflective and converter furnaces per hour. These cases reflective and converter furnaces contain 2.6% and 4.8% SO2, respectively. This study was conducted to examine the impact of these gases on the lichen flora. Method: For this purpose, lichen samples from 35 stations on a 5 km radius around the furnaces and according to the pattern of SO2 dispersion in three main directions were collected and identified. Cover and density of lichens were also measured. Results: Identification of lichens showed that twenty five species and genera were new for Kerman and were reported for the first time. Results of measuring and comparing density and cover of lichens showed that in the north-east direction, where the highest SO2 pollution was measured, density and cover of lichens were less than other sites. The density and cover were affected in the west and south-east directions respectively. Density and cover in the control station with the similar ecological conditions but no pollution in the air were at higher level as compared to other stations. Conclusion: According to the results, it was determined that density and cover of lichens were affected by environmental pollutants. Generally it can be concluded tha lichen species in areas with high SO2 levels will be lower, due to the mortality and destruction of sensitive species. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
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نعمت اله جعفرزاده امیرحسام حسنی علی زین الدینی میمندی علی حسیبی -
Open Access Article
42 - Evaluation of Construction Waste Management (Case Study in Kerman in 1387)
Hossein Jafari Mansourian Ahmad Rajabizadeh Shidvash DowlatshahiIntroduction: Construction and demolition wastes make considerable part of the municipal solidwastes. Construction industry uses large amounts of the natural resources and produces massivequantities of construction and demolition wastes. Thus construction and demolition MoreIntroduction: Construction and demolition wastes make considerable part of the municipal solidwastes. Construction industry uses large amounts of the natural resources and produces massivequantities of construction and demolition wastes. Thus construction and demolition wastesmanagement is one of the prime concerns especially in developing countries. Construction anddemolition wastes management requires knowledge of ways of collection, recycling, and disposal ofconstruction and demolition wastes. This study was conducted to evaluate collection system,recycling, and disposal of construction and demolition wastes of the city of Kerman in 1387.Materials and Methods: This work has been a cross-sectional research study .This study wasconducted to evaluate the status of construction and demolition wastes in the city of Kerman. Initially,the required issues and matters were classified based on the research goals. Relevant foreign researchpapers and experiences of countries in the area of management and recycling of this type of wasteswere reviewed. Then, a comprehensive questionnaire was designed and compiled.Result and Discussion: In Kerman 2400 tons construction and demolition wastes are generated daily,that is, 0.005kg/capital-day. The sources of the construction and demolition wastes in Kerman areconstruction of residential ,commercial ,industrial buildings ,excavation ,demolition andreconstruction of old buildings ,parks ,squares and curb forming which show a remarkable increaseduring last six years .Of 2400 tons construction and demolition wastes 120 tons (5%) are recycled andthe rest are disposed .The predominant recycled construction and demolition wastes are scrap iron(3%) ,soil (2%) ,brick (1%) ,wood (0.5%) and asphalt (0.5%) .At the present time collection,transportation, and disposal of the wastes are accomplished by public and private section by the meansof 300 auto trips each day .Conventional method of the construction and demolition waste disposal inKerman is stored in places which is safe environmentally, hygienically, and recreationally.Theimplementation of a successful recycling plan demands thorough information regarding quality andquantity of wastes as well as recycling site. Trade market conditions of construction and demolitionwastes are also prime importance. Establishment of a systematic method for collection, transportation1- MSc. Environmental Health, Centre of Health Promotion Research, Health Dept. Zahedan Medical SciencesUniversity.2- Member of the Board of Engineering, Environmental Health School, Kerman Medical Sciences UniversityJ.Env.Sci,TechJ.Env. Sci. Tech., Vol 15, No.1, Spring 2014179and recycling of construction and demolition wastes would be a productive step in the direction ofadvancement and development goal of the city of Kerman.Present research results are conformed to obtained results in Thailand in the cases of the generationrate and management of construction and demolition wastes recycling, recycling of construction anddemolition waste via a mechanical sorting process in Taiwan and generation and management ofconstruction and demolition waste in Greece Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
43 - Concentrations of Pb, Zn, Cu and Cd and their distribution in the urban environment of Kerman, Iran
Mohammad Ali Hamzeh Mohammad Mirzaee Hossein MozaffariThis study investigated the concentrations of Pb, Zn, Cu and Cd in the urban areas of the city of Kerman to find out whether the measured concentrations of heavy metals in soil, rocks, surface and ground waters and sediments can be related to anthropogenic contamination MoreThis study investigated the concentrations of Pb, Zn, Cu and Cd in the urban areas of the city of Kerman to find out whether the measured concentrations of heavy metals in soil, rocks, surface and ground waters and sediments can be related to anthropogenic contamination or natural weathering of rocks. Heavy metal concentrations in these samples were determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. These concentrations were compared with environmental investigation limits. The fresh rocks (limestone) contain relatively low concentrations of heavy metals as shown by background values. This study revealed that soil of Kerman is anomalously rich in some heavy metals. The accumulation of these contaminants is likely to accelerate as a consequence of rapid traffic as well as economic and industrial growth in the urban environment of the city. The characteristics of environmental geochemistry cycle are related to the pH range of rainwater (pH=6.8), high lead and copper values in dust particles (Pb>70 ppm and Cu>80 ppm), few anomalous values of lead in surface and ground water (0.01-0.12 ppm in surface water and 0.01-0.13 ppm in ground water), and very high values of lead (>10000 ppm) in some soil and sediment samples. The most polluted and dangerous cycles are caused by Sarasiab polluted creek (Pb and Zn values >10000 ppm) after Kerman garrison and soils close to battery, oil-change, and automobile-painting shops ( Pb>5000 ppm). However, Cd concentration was not a source of pollution in this region. Other pollution sources may be leachates, sewages, and landfills. Soil, sediment, and some of water samples had concentrations of metals (Pb>Cu>Zn>Cd) and the concentrations mostly exceeded the maximum permissible limit announced by the US EPA. A GIS system was developed for Kerman urban environment quality evaluation so that health risk management practices could be planned. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
44 - Study of Snake Fauna of Kangavar County, Kermanshah Province
Maryam Malekoutian Rasoul Karamiani Nasrullah Rastegar-PouyaniBackground and Objective: Kangavar County is located in the eastern regions of Kermanshah Province. Since the herpetofauna of Kangavar County is rich, and no biosystematics studies have already been done in this region, the aim of the present study is to investigate the MoreBackground and Objective: Kangavar County is located in the eastern regions of Kermanshah Province. Since the herpetofauna of Kangavar County is rich, and no biosystematics studies have already been done in this region, the aim of the present study is to investigate the faunistic of snakes in this area. Method: The study area is located in the western margin of the Iranian Plateau between 34°30' N and 47°58' E. All specimens were collected from different regions of Kangavar County during the survey from 2014 to 2015 by a snake Tongs stick grabber 120 cm, and sometimes, by Hook stick. Specimens were identified according to Latifi (2000) and Leviton et al. (1992). Findings: The collected specimens represented seven species, six genera and four families including the family Colubridae: Collared Dwarf Racer Eirenis collaris, Dotted Dwarf Racer, Eirenis punctatolineatus; Dice snake, Natrix tessellata; Zebra Snake, Spalerosophis microlepis; the family Typhlopidae:Greek Blind snake, Typhlops vermicularis;thefamily Lamprophiidae: Eastern Montpellier Snake, Malpolon insignitus; and the familyViperidae:Levantine Viper, Macrovipera lebetina. Among the identified species, Malpolon insignitus is semi-venomous and Macrovipera lebetina is venomous. Discussion and Conclusion: The current study recorded seven species belonging to six genera and four families (Colubridae, Viperidae, Typhlopidae and Lamprophiidae) in Kangavar County, Kermanshah Province. The Colubridae with four species showed the highest diversity among the families represented. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
45 - Identifying and ranking factors influencing the sustainable development of environmental culture in sports
elham kaviani Nasrin choobkar vali naseriBackground & Objective: The very important role of sports and its symbols can be used to promote environmental awareness, improve daily functions and activities of millions of people. Sports and the environment are closely related to each other and sports are mentio MoreBackground & Objective: The very important role of sports and its symbols can be used to promote environmental awareness, improve daily functions and activities of millions of people. Sports and the environment are closely related to each other and sports are mentioned as a tool to achieve the principles of sustainable development. The aim of the research was to provide a model of factors influencing the development of environmental culture in sports in Kermanshah province. Material and Methodology: The statistical community included 10 sports management professors and experts familiar with the subject in the qualitative section and all the athletes of Kermanshah province in the quantitative section. In the qualitative part, the purposeful sampling method was used, and the sample of the quantitative part was selected using Morgan's table of 384 people. From the questionnaire created by the researcher by studying the theoretical foundations, semi-guided interviews with sports management professors and experts in an exploratory process and using the exploratory factor analysis method, 28 items in the form of six educational, research, structural, managerial, cultural, and research factors. And provincial solutions were classified. Findings: The results of the research showed that the current questionnaire is a suitable tool for measuring the development of environmental culture in sports in Kermanshah province. Also, the final model of the research showed that the structural factors had the first priority from the respondents' point of view and the provincial solutions had the last priority. Discussion and Conclusion: It is concluded that the research model and the priority of its factors for policy making in the field of environmental culture development in sports should be taken into consideration. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
46 - The degree of contentment of the inhabitants in the residential complex with the components affecting the desirability of the green space (Case study: Elahia and Amirieh complexes in Kermanshah)
behnam Shirouyezad yasmin doozdoozaniBackground and Objective: Green spaces are still considered as an inseparable element of human life. Creating green spaces with appropriate and optimal efficiency in residential complexes is always considered essential. In this research, the level of satisfaction of the MoreBackground and Objective: Green spaces are still considered as an inseparable element of human life. Creating green spaces with appropriate and optimal efficiency in residential complexes is always considered essential. In this research, the level of satisfaction of the residents of two residential complexes, Elahia and Amirieh, Kermanshah, was investigated regarding the factors affecting the desirability of green space. Material and Methodology: This research is descriptive-analytical. The components of the green space were identified and based on the review of texts, related studies and experts' opinions in the form of a researcher's questionnaire, and with the approval of the relevant experts, it was designed in the form of a Likert scale (five options) and was selected by 143 people from Amirieh Complex and 158 people from Elahia Complex, which in total 301 people were completed. All statistical analyzes were done using SPSS software, descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation, variance) were used to describe the research components. In the inferential statistics section, the correlation coefficient was used to investigate the relationship between the area of green space and the level of satisfaction of the residents of the complex, the independent t-test was used to compare the level of satisfaction of the residents of the two mentioned complexes, and the Friedman test was used to identify the components of the satisfaction of the residents. Findings: The results indicate that the feeling of satisfaction in Elahia residential complex is higher than that of Amirieh residential complex, and among the 14 factors affecting the satisfaction of the residents of the two complexes, the area of green space had the highest score and green space facilities such as children's play equipment had the lowest score. In other words, with the increase in the area of green space, the level of satisfaction of the residents with the complex also increases. Discussion and Conclusion: As a result, 14 components were examined in this research. They should be significantly prioritized in residential complex projects to lead to an increase in residents' satisfaction. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
47 - Analysis of Environmental inhibitors of Extension worker for activity in production areas (Case study: Organization of Agricultural Jihad in Kermanshah Province)
Narges Moradi Ahangarani Susan Laei Faramarz Malekian Sahar MohammadiBackground and Objective: The main subject of this research is the Analysis of environmental inhibitors of Extension worker for activity in production areas of the new system of agricultural extension in the organization of agricultural jihad in Kermanshah province. Ma MoreBackground and Objective: The main subject of this research is the Analysis of environmental inhibitors of Extension worker for activity in production areas of the new system of agricultural extension in the organization of agricultural jihad in Kermanshah province. Material and Methodology: This research was conducted in the form of a qualitative approach, using the Ground Theory method and in the year 2020-2021. The studied population consisted of 16 managers of Dehistan Agricultural Jihad Centers and 32 experts of the production areas of Kermanshah Agricultural Jihad Organization, who were selected using the method of successive targeted sampling of the snowball type. Data collection was done using semi-structured individual interview technique, focused group, field observation and note-taking, and in order to validate the research findings, data collection in the study community was also done from the diversity methods. variety, maximum diversity was used in the selection of samples and control by members. Findings: The results showed factors such as the weaknesses of human resources working in the agricultural extension sector, lack of infrastructure and lack of environmental educational facilities, executive, structural and administrative problems and limitations, lack of evaluation of environmental educational programs, cultural and communication factors, and problems and limitations related to the environmental research sector, has caused the Extension worker to not have the necessary skills, and to improve the skill conditions of the Extension worker and the development of the region, strategies such as strengthening communication and Extension skills, Extension planning, monitoring and evaluation, management, empowerment and knowledge enhancement have been presented. Discussion and Conclusion: Since environmental problems have been created by humans, the most effective solution to solve these challenges is to improve the knowledge and awareness of agricultural sector users, to promote public culture and to establish appropriate laws, and to achieve this goal., it requires the development of the training of executives and experts responsible for production areas and improving their role, skills and increasing their general environmental knowledge. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
48 - Economic-recreational valuation of Koohestan forest park of Kermanshah using Zonal Travel Cost Method (Z.T.C.M)
Sohrab Moradi Saleh MahmoudiBackground and Objective: Nowadays, regular evaluation of recreational and non-market benefits of environmental resources is necessary so that those positive aspects be combined into politics and planned decisions. The main goal of this research is economic-recreational MoreBackground and Objective: Nowadays, regular evaluation of recreational and non-market benefits of environmental resources is necessary so that those positive aspects be combined into politics and planned decisions. The main goal of this research is economic-recreational valuation of Koohestan forest park-Kermanshah using the zonal travel cost method.Materials and Methods: Collecting quantitative and qualitative data, visiting the park, preparing questionnaires and analysis of the findings using Excel software have been the main principles of the related research. Validity and reliability of the questionnaires were approved by the scientific board members of Payame Noor University and Cronbach alpha coefficient respectively.Results: Investigating the monthly income level of visitors showed that there is a high correlation between this variable in one hand and the number of days of visiting the promenade and also willingness to pay the entrance fee on the other hand. The results also showed that the level of education also plays an important role in attracting tourists such that the largest number of visitors was literate people. Reviewing of the carried out studies over Koohestan Forest Park showed that the highest number of visitors (48%) were in the age range of 20-35 years.The high recreational value of Koohestan forest park, which was calculated in the spring and summer of 2016, was equal to 727045380 rials.Discussion and Conclusions: The results indicate the need for more attention and the development of a comprehensive plan of tourism development for forest parks that can be an effective tool in planning and managing developmental projects. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
49 - Optimizing Fertilizer Application in Relation to Soil Nutrients Analysis Sustaining Environment; Case Study corn Farms of Kuzaran, Kermanshah Province, Iran
Mosayeb Heshmati Parastoo Ghuchi Nasrin KaramiCorn (maize) is cultivated in several parts of irrigation lands of Iran and over application of chemical fertilizers causing environmental and human health impacts. However, soil nutrients available analysis can be improved with optimal chemical fertilizer consumption i MoreCorn (maize) is cultivated in several parts of irrigation lands of Iran and over application of chemical fertilizers causing environmental and human health impacts. However, soil nutrients available analysis can be improved with optimal chemical fertilizer consumption in these farms. The objective of this research was to evaluate soil nutrients content and appropriate fertilizers application in the corn farms which was conducted in Kuzaran, west Kermanshah, Iran. Soil sampling carried out from 0-30 soil depth and subjected to soil organic carbon (SOC) content as well as availability of N, P, K, Mn, Fe and Zn analysis. The results showed that the mean SOC was low (1.23%) and significantly (p<0.05) correlated to all measured soil nutrients. The respective average level of N, P, K, Mn, Fe and Zn was 0.121, 17.00, 381, 9.71, 12.41 and0.86 mg-1 kg. The recommended consumption rates included triple super phosphate, potassium sulfate and iron, hence; these rates were not correlated with P, K and F available in the soil. Furthermore, recommended potassium sulfate input was 134 kg/ha, while soil K available was sufficient for corn crop. In contrasts, the recommended levels of Urea (418 kg/ha), manganese sulfate (32.4 kg/ha) and Zinc sulfate (54.3 kg/ha) were significantly correlated with soil N, Mn and Zn content. Thus, recommended chemical fertilizers application was not sufficiently accurate and did not follow by soil nutrients content. For sustaining environment and human health, the consumption of chemical fertilizer particularly in corn farms should be recommended based on soil nutrient analysis and crop needs. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
50 - Correlation between harmful health effects attributed to the pollutant index of suspended particles (PM10) in air quality affecting biological safety: A case study in Kermanshah metropolis, Iran
mehrdad pooyanmehr mohsen khalvandpoorBackground and Objective: Air pollution is one of the most important environmental crises of living (humans, animals and plants). Exposure to air pollution is associated with different health outcomes. Air pollution causes a reduction in the average life expectancy, an MoreBackground and Objective: Air pollution is one of the most important environmental crises of living (humans, animals and plants). Exposure to air pollution is associated with different health outcomes. Air pollution causes a reduction in the average life expectancy, an increase in various diseases. Given the correlation between the harmful effects on the bio-safety attributable to airborne particulate index (PM10) in air quality, the aim of this study was to investigate the trend of changes in airborne particulate index (PM10) over an eight-year period (2011-2018) based on index (PSI) and its analytical dependence on health over a period of time was Kermanshah metropolitan. Material and Methodology: Data from the active station of Kermanshah Environmental Protection Agency was collected and the process of changing the concentration of pollutants by the psi index was analyzed. Findings: The unhealthiest, very unhealthy and dangerous conditions of air quality were observed in the winter, summer and winter seasons, respectively, with a significant difference in autumn compared to spring. Also, the study of air quality changes during the eight-year period showed a significant difference in season and month (P <0.001). However, with the exception of one year (2014), the average range of PM10 (μg / m3) concentrations did not differ significantly. Discussion and Conclusion: In addition to the correlation between the amount of PM10 contaminated with environmental and health effects, Kermanshah air quality has a relative distance between the PM10 pollutants and the standard state. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
51 - Investigation of Soil Potential in Production of Aerosels using Wind Rose and Storm Rose (Case Study: Part of Kermanshah Province)
Zeinab Nazari نعمت الله خراسانی Sadat Feiznia Mahmoud KaramiBackground and Purpose: Recently, aerosols as one of the air pollutants (with natural or anthropogenic sources) have received increasing attention. In this study, the purpose is investigation of soil potential in production of dust (aerosol) storms using wind rose and s MoreBackground and Purpose: Recently, aerosols as one of the air pollutants (with natural or anthropogenic sources) have received increasing attention. In this study, the purpose is investigation of soil potential in production of dust (aerosol) storms using wind rose and storm rose. Material and Methodology: Meteorological data and WRPLOT view software were used to draw the wind rose and hurricanes. Also, in order to study the wind direction on dusty days, the data of the Meteorological Organization and also to investigate the effect of meteorological parameters such as gentle wind percentage and prevailing wind percentage, statistical methods such as regression relationship, Pearson coefficient have been used. Also, the trend of annual and seasonal changes in the concentration of suspended particles (dust) has been studied in order to determine the seasons with the highest frequency of dust occurrence. Results: The results indicated that winds blow from northwestern and west in all seasons. The highest frequency of winds is western. The wind roses of spring and summer indicated that the most frequent direction of prevailing winds are western to northwestern. Southeastern direction comes in next level. These storms are more frequent in winter and autumn seasons. Also, investigation of storm roses demonstrated that dominant winds have speed of less than 4.5 meter per second (80%). This research shows that in study area, winds cannot erode the soil and product the aerosols. Discussion and Conclusion: Therefore, the main source of recent dust must be searched in the neighboring countries. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
52 - Protection of Suburbs Gardens based on the Principles of Landscape Ecology Case Study: Sarab Qanbar Kermanshah
Sajjad ShamshiriBackground and Objective: Sprawl growth of the cities has different environmental impacts. This process leads to destruction of suburban agricultural land and marginal orchards. The devastation of suburb area not only influenced the area, but also it has different impac MoreBackground and Objective: Sprawl growth of the cities has different environmental impacts. This process leads to destruction of suburban agricultural land and marginal orchards. The devastation of suburb area not only influenced the area, but also it has different impacts on whole city. Sarab Qanbar gardens which located in the southern city of Kermanshah, is largely degraded as a result of urban Sprawl growth. While area protection is compulsory necessity due to the ecological services which provided by this area.Method: Landscape ecology framework were used to develop the area in order to achieve the mentioned goal. Therefore, first the appropriate landscape metrics were used. In the next stage, patches and corridors have been identified and analyzed based on field surveys. Ecological redesign was the final stage.Findings: The strategic design plan of the area was designed, which has been done based on strategic planning. Strategies were classified in four groups of protective, defensive, offensive and opportunistic. Each class determined based on patch and corridors characteristics and their interaction with context. Finally, actions and strategic plan were purposed protection and development of the area.Discussion and conclusion: The expansion of the city has led to the creation of disturbance patches in the region, On the other hand, natural patches tend to be crushed, Natural corridors face serious challenges. While the spread of disturbing corridors leads to changes in the structure of the landscape and the ecological fracture has intensified. The continuation of this process will lead to the destruction of these lands, which will have many consequences. Effective environmental design can be providing a proper framework based on the landscape ecology by defining the city's proper functions, it will protect these natural arenas. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
53 - Developing a strategic plan for health, safety and environmental management of schools in Kermanshah province
Elham Kaviani Vali Naseri Pelengard Nasrin Choobkar Morteza KalhoriBackground and Objective: Today, the biggest challenge of most countries is health and environmental threats. Health, safety and environmental education has a significant effect in reducing these threats. It is necessary to provide suitable conditions to achieve educati MoreBackground and Objective: Today, the biggest challenge of most countries is health and environmental threats. Health, safety and environmental education has a significant effect in reducing these threats. It is necessary to provide suitable conditions to achieve educational goals and to ensure the health of people in the society at different ages, it is necessary to apply appropriate HSE methods to ensure health, safety and environment in schools. Health, safety and environment is within the scope of studies. Material and Methodology: This research is a descriptive-analytical type that has two main stages. In the first step, the current situation was examined by preparing the evaluation matrix of internal (IFE) and external (EFE) factors. In the second stage, by preparing the matrix of opportunities, threats, strengths and weaknesses (SWOT), the strategy according to the factors was presented. Findings: The findings are in the order of the most points, the most important strengths of health, safety and environmental management of schools in Kermanshah, attracting internal and external participation, especially the provincial and municipal university of medical sciences,in the weaknesses of "inattention to complying with safety instructions, weakness in monitoring and training", in opportunities "cooperation and follow-up on solving safety problems, environmental health and defects observed in schools through the health center and the General Directorate of School Renovation, Development and Equipping", in threats "lack of reliable monitoring system in the implementation of health promotion programs in It was the province. Discussion and Conclusion: The results of the evaluation of the strategies indicate that the first step in the direction of the strategic management goals of the study area is the strategy of "supporting senior managers from the rules and regulations in order to advance the goals of HSE in schools, attracting financial and credit resources and supporting senior managers." Regarding the recruitment of expert human resources in the field of HSE, "Designing an efficient and effective system to monitor the implementation of relevant programs and review the laws related to schools and pay attention to health and safety issues and the organization and use of competent human resources" is also in The second priority is Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
54 - Locating urban landfill, the city of Kermanshah Case Study
Said Amanpour Jafar Saedi Esmail Soleimani RadUncontrolled urban spread, resulting in Indiscriminate increase urban population Especially inrecent years has increased more than consumption, resulting in increased production of all kinds ofwaste in urban areas have been. The process of municipal solid medical waste MoreUncontrolled urban spread, resulting in Indiscriminate increase urban population Especially inrecent years has increased more than consumption, resulting in increased production of all kinds ofwaste in urban areas have been. The process of municipal solid medical waste urban managementrequirements for for each city that it can be neglected for any city and even villages around the cityis a problem. Including major Iranian city of Kermanshah that many industries are within the scopeof their political that proper disposal of waste in an appropriate area of environmentally andeconomically important to be. Present article an analytical method - Documentary method and itstarget to Locating the city of Kermanshah in landfill through GIS software, which is the mostappropriate place to be determined by the municipal landfill, So that the layers of topography, landuse type, land slope, rural habitats around town, faults, surface water mines and factories Aroundthe town and its distance from the city of Kermanshah is used Each of these layers is just one aspectof the characteristics of a waste excretion demonstrated optimum location They combine with theadvantages and disadvantages each layer and prorated together the best location were determined.To each of these layers through became given weight With AHP model. In the present investigation,five optimal locations for landfill location is the city of Kermanshah. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
55 - The historical origins of the common wisdom of Kerman and cultural developments
Isa Moradi abolghasam amir ahmadi ali eshgeiIn the name of Allah, the compassionate the merciful AbstractProverbs nations, in addition to advice and advice from educational and social expression, often indicative of mood and character in them as well as a figurative and metaphoric meanings are expressed and somet MoreIn the name of Allah, the compassionate the merciful AbstractProverbs nations, in addition to advice and advice from educational and social expression, often indicative of mood and character in them as well as a figurative and metaphoric meanings are expressed and sometimes explicit. The wise sayings, sometimes tinged with superstition, myth and legend thoughts and emotions raw or appearing, all signs of the depth and breadth of scientific or non-scientific and mythical beliefs and feelings sacrifice. The purpose of this paper is to examine the role of Kerman common wisdom in promoting culture is the people of this land. For this purpose, an analytical approaches to the study of wisdom prevalent in the city of Kerman and historical this adage we have examined. In the end, the conclusion concerning the effect of the historical roots of cultural diffusion has been studied.Key words: adage, like, rooted historical, cultural dissemination, Kerman. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
56 - The Comparison of Woman Place in Samnameh and Iliad
seyyed mohsen sajedi rad keyhan kohandelAbstract Woman and her personality has been the matter that attracted writers and poets’ attention, so that her beauty has been sometimes described with agreeable verses and sometimes reproached by undesirable statements. Unfortunately, our past verse and prose li MoreAbstract Woman and her personality has been the matter that attracted writers and poets’ attention, so that her beauty has been sometimes described with agreeable verses and sometimes reproached by undesirable statements. Unfortunately, our past verse and prose literature considered woman pessimistically with the effect of current atmosphere. Khajouy-e-kermani, the famous poet of the eighth century and Homer who was the beginner of the west epic poem talked about woman in their poems, sometimes both of them reproached her and sometimes praised her. Although the comparison of woman's personality in Iliad and Samnameh faces some difficulties due to the differences among cultures, these two valuable works have considered woman lower than man and these two poets unkindly behaved other woman except Helen. This article has investigated the place of woman in Iliad and Samnameh and discusses the differences and common points between these two poets by reasoning. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
57 - A Study and Comparison on Lateral Music of Salman Savoji and Khwaju Kermani's Sonnets
Reza Ashraf Zadeh Ameneh Taak Mohammad FazeliKhwaju Kermani and Salman Savoji – famous and stylistic poets of eighth century – could manifest rhythm and terms harmony by music assistance. The present article intends to prove two iso – rhyme are less rhythmed by studying and surveying Khwaju Kerma MoreKhwaju Kermani and Salman Savoji – famous and stylistic poets of eighth century – could manifest rhythm and terms harmony by music assistance. The present article intends to prove two iso – rhyme are less rhythmed by studying and surveying Khwaju Kermani and Salman Savoji's lateral music. Such kind of rhyme are more in Khwaju's poetries rather than Salman's. Khwaju was not interested in applying artificial rows while Salman's rows are mostly simple and prefixed. Rows in both poets' poetries are various. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
58 - بررسی شیوع گونههای مالاسزیا در دامهای اهلی
رضا فرجی فریدون سبزی ایوب زرنشان چمن مرادخانی -
Open Access Article
59 - کندوکاوی تحلیلی بر نقش فرهنگ در طراحی کالبدمعماری (نمونه موردی خراسان شمالی شهرستان بجنورد)
مجتبی امامی فرامرز حسن پور حسین مهرپویا -
Open Access Article
60 - برهم کنش مؤلفههای رفتاری و کالبدی فضای باز مجتمعهای مسکونی نمونه موردی : مجتمعهای مسکونی منتخب کلانشهر کرمان
ملیحه ضیا محسن قاسمی مهدیه معینی ملیحه نوروزی -
Open Access Article
61 - مطالعه تطبیقی خانه های سنتی کرمانشاه و سنندج در دوره قاجار و پهلوی
بهنوش ملکی زاده محمدمهدی سروش صلاح الدین مولانایی منوچهر فروتن -
Open Access Article
62 - برنامه ریزی و مدیریت شهری در نوسازی و بازسازی بافت های فرسوده شهر کرمانشاه
یحیی شهبازی علیرضا پورشیخیان حسین اصغری شهرام امیرانتخابی رفعت شهماری اردجانی -
Open Access Article
63 - سنجش وضعیت مناطق شهری از نظر ابعاد توسعه پایدار (مطالعه موردی: مناطق شهری کرمانشاه)
تیمور محمدپور مجید شمس عباس ملک حسینی -
Open Access Article
64 - بررسی و ارزیابی نقش فضاهای شهری در ایجاد حس نشاط و شادیآفرینی شهروندان(مطالعه موردی: میدان گنجعلیخان شهر کرمان)
حسین غضنفرپور مجتبی سلیمانی دامنه مرضیه صداقت کیش فرشته صفرزاده -
Open Access Article
65 - بررسی راهبردهای توسعه گردشگری استان کرمانشاه با استفاده از مدل SWOT
احمد پوراحمد بهروز بادکو حسین حاتمی نژاد حسنعلی فرجی سبکبار -
Open Access Article
66 - نقش عوامل محیطی بر تخریب محوطههای باستانی (مطالعه موردی محوطههای باستانی دهستان سر فیروزآباد استان کرمانشاه)
اردوان بهزاد بهزاد فزونی عزت اله میرزائی -
Open Access Article
67 - تحلیل و ارزیابی راهبرد رشد هوشمند شهری در مناطق چهارگانه شهر کرمان
رضا رضایی بزنجانی مهری اذانی حمید صابری مهدی مؤمنی -
Open Access Article
68 - تحلیل نقش تراکم جمعیت در بزه سرقت در سطح محلات شهری (مطالعه موردی: شهر کرمانشاه)
نوذر قنبری شهرام سعیدی علیرضا زنگنه جعفر معصوم پور سماکوش علی کرباسی -
Open Access Article
69 - تعیین راهبردهای توسعه گردشگری در منطقه اورامانات با استفاده از مدلSWOT
ادریس باباخانزاده اصغر ضرابی -
Open Access Article
70 - تحلیل وضعیت پارکهای شهر کرمان برای استفاده معلولان و جانبازان و توزیع فضایی و مکانی آنها با استفاده از سیستم اطلاعات جغرافیایی GIS
حسین غضنفر پور محسن کمانداری نسیم امیری -
Open Access Article
71 - بررسی منشاء و اثرات پدیده گرد و غبار در استان کرمانشاه
محمدتقی رضویان فردین کوشکی -
Open Access Article
72 - بررسی الگوی فضایی آسیبپذیری شهرها از زلزله و پیشنهاد الگوی بهینه (نمونه موردی: شهر کرمانشاه)
سهراب امیریان -
Open Access Article
73 - کندوکاوی تحلیلی بر نقش فرهنگ در طراحی کالبدمعماری (نمونه موردی خراسان شمالی شهرستان بجنورد)
مجتبی امامی فرامرز حسن پور حسین مهرپویا -
Open Access Article
74 - بررسی فلورستیک منطقه دامنههای حرمه شهرستان فاریاب(استان کرمان)
سید محمد علی وکیلی شهر بابکی منصوره خدا شناس محمد رشیدی -
Open Access Article
75 - Examining the discourse in independent images of Kermani's poetry
zohreh saremi Mahdi MohagheghThere are many works on the subject of image and its analysis, which are often studied based on the science of expression and novelty and under the title of imaginary forms.Images and fantasies are twins reflecting the reason and essence of poetic words and reveal the a MoreThere are many works on the subject of image and its analysis, which are often studied based on the science of expression and novelty and under the title of imaginary forms.Images and fantasies are twins reflecting the reason and essence of poetic words and reveal the artist's mentality inside and outside the world. Imagination is the speaker's mental effort to create a novel link between his conscious and unconscious. In other words, the images are the result of the interactions of the artist's imaginative workshop, which change the nature and form of objects that are neither completely human nor natural. "Independent image" is one of the types of images whose constituent elements include the exclusive nature and self-reliance of the poet's thought and can exist outside the space of poetry.Considering the process of formation of the concept of image, the role of imagination, while preserving the theoretical nature of the image, in KhajaviKermani's poems, we have discovered and represented various dimensions resulting from recognizing the multi-layered structure and different types of images in his lyric poems, achieving poetic image from different angles of aesthetics, literature, society, etc. The purpose of this study is to analyze and interpret independent images in KhajaviKermani's lyric poems to guide the reader to the discourse network of his poems. Categorization of obtained discourses by titles; Ontological, romantic, governmental political, and religious discourses, and discourses in the field of patriotism, etc., are divisible.The results obtained from the analysis of the discourse of independent images of Khajoo,s Ghazal illuminate details of the culture and society and the life, thought and vision of the poet. The poet's attitude to love as the main axis of human life, the discourse of disgrace and name and of course the discourse of the homeland are allusions to them. This research has been studied by descriptive-analytical method using library resources. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
76 - Analysis of the archetype of the hero’s journey in the “Gol and Nowruz” according to the Joseph Campbell approach
Mohammad Pashaei Mehtarloo Ebrahim Eghbali Rashid AsadiIn the book “The Hero with a Thousand Faces”, Joseph Campbell introduces the hero’s journey archetype by examining various mythical stories in all over the world. He believes that in all stories, the hero’s journey follows a constant paradigm. In MoreIn the book “The Hero with a Thousand Faces”, Joseph Campbell introduces the hero’s journey archetype by examining various mythical stories in all over the world. He believes that in all stories, the hero’s journey follows a constant paradigm. In this research, this paradigm is investigated besides other archetypes including shadow, old wise man, anima and other mythical symbols in the book “Gol and Nowruz”. Examining this verse based on the Joseph Campbell approach is a new reading of this lyrical narrative. Although, Nowruz’ journey is done apparently to reach the beloved, in fact, it is considered a religious journey. Nowruz gets marry to Gol, as a Christian girl, by converting her to Islam after reaching her and returns to his country by uncovering the veil of ignorance. This journey introduces the hero as a universal figure, so that the society accepts him eagerly. He owes his immortality to the values that grants them to the society. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
77 - Kermani's Golshan another imitation of Saadi's Golestan
s. yaghoob hoseini Maryam Mahmoudi parisa davariThere are valuable works in Persian literature whose purpose is to guide man and pave the way for a healthy and better life. Writers and poets have always strived to express ethical principles and concepts in a beautiful and effective language. As a moral teacher, Saadi MoreThere are valuable works in Persian literature whose purpose is to guide man and pave the way for a healthy and better life. Writers and poets have always strived to express ethical principles and concepts in a beautiful and effective language. As a moral teacher, Saadi has sought to warn people of their ignorance and show them the right path. Therefore, his works have always attracted the attention of Persian writers and poets. Mohammad Rahim Kermani, a thirteenth-century writer and poet, also influenced Sa'adi's themes and method in Golshan's book. This descriptive-analytical study has introduced a linear version of Golshan and has compared its aspects with Sa'adi's Golestan. The results show that following Saadi's style in Golshan is done artfully, creatively and literally and the use of rhetoric and arrays and similes is based on eloquence and rhetoric. The Word of Revelation and prophetic hadiths are one of the sources of inspiration in Golestan and Golshan. Kermani has tried, by storytelling or using magic as Saadi's, to convey the sublime concepts to the audience. Golshan's common themes with Golestan are: thanksgiving, the Prophet's prayer, mindfulness, avoidance of anger and jealousy, justice and kingly admonition. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
78 - Manifestation of Folklore in Khajou-ye Kermani’s Poetry
Mahdiye Cheragh Dr. Ahmad Zakeri -
Open Access Article
79 - Reflection of the pre-Islamic Arabic poems, in Khajavi Kermani’s Poems
tpraj Zeynivan zeynab ManouchehriThe adaptation of pre-Islamic Arabic poems, is not limited to Persian poets in the fourth and fifth centuries, instead the poets have used it in the sixth or seventh centuries, in order to take advantage of the deal. Khajavi Kermani, a famous poet of the eighth century, MoreThe adaptation of pre-Islamic Arabic poems, is not limited to Persian poets in the fourth and fifth centuries, instead the poets have used it in the sixth or seventh centuries, in order to take advantage of the deal. Khajavi Kermani, a famous poet of the eighth century, has been influenced by two different approaches of pre-Islamic poems; at first, he has adapted of pre-Islamic poems in the field of standing and weeping over the ruins of the beloved and addressing cameleer, traveling and particularly describing the displacement expressed separation sad parting of friends. Although his creation of innovative and imaginative images has created on the undeniable atmosphere in the pre-Islamic lyrics, and the second, he has made innovative in this field by romantic storytelling to name a famous brides in the pre-Islamic poems, mirth-making, and addressing the butler in the mystical approach. He has used secular, financial meanings in the mystical ways, in order to create the fundamental evolution in this field. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
80 - A social criticism of Ali Ashraf Darvishian’s novel titled ‘‘Cloudy Years”
abdolhossin farzad saba Pejmanfar -
Open Access Article
81 - A Study of the Relationship Between Organizational Resilience and Job Satisfaction and Mental Health of High School Teachers in Kermanshah Province
Mohsen Karami Sara Kazemi Shamsi RahmaniThe purpose of the present study is to review the relationship between components of organizational resilience and job satisfaction and mental health of high school teachers in the province of Kermanshah. The method of research is descriptive-correlational and its perfo MoreThe purpose of the present study is to review the relationship between components of organizational resilience and job satisfaction and mental health of high school teachers in the province of Kermanshah. The method of research is descriptive-correlational and its performance method is survey. The statistical population of the research consists of all female teachers in governmental and nongovernmental high schools of Kermanshah. Convenience sampling was used in this research to determine 286 teachers as the sample of study with regard to the total population (N=1000) and based on the Cochran formula. The research measurement instruments included three questionnaires of Public Health (Goldenberg), Adults' Resilience Scale for Adults (Friborg et al.), and Job Satisfaction (Kendall & Hulin). The validity of the questionnaires was confirmed by the experts and their reliability was calculated to be 95%, 89%, and 93% respectively. For data analysis, descriptive statistical methods (frequency, percentage, average, and standard deviation) and inferential statistics including correlation and regression were used. The results showed that there is a negative and significant relationship between components of resilience (personal qualification, social qualification, social support, family integrity, and personal structure) and mental health signs. Furthermore, a negative and significant relationship was observed between aspects of job satisfaction (occupation, supervisor, and colleagues) and mental health signs while there was no significant relationship between aspects of promotion and payment. Regression analysis results revealed that among predictor variables, the variables of personal qualification, social support, and personal structure have the potential to predict mental health symptoms. With respect to the research findings, the managers can have a positive impact on the betterment of their employees' resilience and job satisfaction. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
82 - A Study of the Relationship between Market Orientation and Customer Satisfaction with Service Quality in Kerman's Body Building Gyms
Milad Eskandari Damaneh Majid Jalali Farahani Amin Dehghan GhahfarokhiThe purpose of the present study is to review the relationship between market orientation and customer satisfaction with service quality of Kerman's body building gyms. The research method is descriptive and it is considered practical research in terms of purpose. The r MoreThe purpose of the present study is to review the relationship between market orientation and customer satisfaction with service quality of Kerman's body building gyms. The research method is descriptive and it is considered practical research in terms of purpose. The research population consists of all customers in Kerman’s body building gyms among whom 250 members were chosen by convenience sampling. The research instruments were 2 questionnaires including Narver & Slater Market Orientation (1999) and Rajabi et al. Customer Satisfaction (2003). The questionnaires' validity was confirmed by 11 professors in sport management and their reliability was determined to be 0.76 and 0.84 by Cronbach's Alpha Coefficient Test. Data analysis was conducted by Kolmogorov Smirnov Test, Pearson Correlation Test, and Regression analysis using SPSS 23. The results showed that there is a significantly positive relation between components of market orientation (customer orientation, competitor orientation, and inter-functional coordination) and customer satisfaction. Therefore, gym managers can set goals to value their customers and assess their satisfaction by providing suitable services such as physical and environmental equipment, good staff, trustworthy coaches, regular workout plans, and easy access to the services. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
83 - A Brief Description of Common Provrbs (Ersal al Masal) in Newly Found Zahir Kermani 's Mathnavi
O. MalmoliThe work of the past is regarded as a heritage for the future. Cultural and literary works with mystic themes can be considered as the feeding material for people of thought and art and that's because these works are as bridges between the past and the present and incre MoreThe work of the past is regarded as a heritage for the future. Cultural and literary works with mystic themes can be considered as the feeding material for people of thought and art and that's because these works are as bridges between the past and the present and increase our knowledge. The safavid era is not an exception to this fact. Zahir Kermani (1162)AH whose name is not mentioned in any books is one of the Shiite honors in Iran. His Mathnavi which is full of allegories and includes ten thousand couplets in Ramal meter is one of the least known works of 12 century. There is just one copy of it written in Nastaliq which is kept in the library of the parliament and includes 265 sheets. This work contains verse allegorical stories representing mystic, ethic and love thoughts. He has some works in spiritual and verbal devices such as allegory. In order to specify his style, we can investigate his inclination toward the book "Ersal Al-masal va al Tamsil". The findings show that some of the poet's allegories have been coined by himself and some of them are derived from the works of previous poets and are divided into three categories: first, the images made using imaginative figures. Second, Ersal Masal (common proverbs) and the third, proverbs or pseudo-proverbs. Comparing these categories shows that the most frequent kind is Ersal Masal(common proverbs) and the least frequent is pseudo proverbs. Due to the wide range of materials, we have just analyzed data related to Ersal Masal (common proverbs). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
84 - Design and validation of a model for education of the optimal energy consumption in elementary school textbooks
parvin torkashvandi Shahram Ranjdoust Mohamad Azimi alireza assarehConsidering the current environmental challenges, the aim of the current research is to design and validate an education model for optimal energy consumption in elementary school textbooks. For this purpose, in addition to quantitative content analysis (categorical) of MoreConsidering the current environmental challenges, the aim of the current research is to design and validate an education model for optimal energy consumption in elementary school textbooks. For this purpose, in addition to quantitative content analysis (categorical) of elementary courses from the perspective of optimal energy consumption and evaluating the energy literacy of students in Kermanshah city, based on the foundations, components and assumptions of a desirable model of education and combining the opinions of experts and curriculum experts in it, a model for education of energy consumption in elementary school textbooks has been designed and validated. This research is practical in terms of purpose and exploratory mixed research in terms of method. Domain for analyzing the content of textbooks include all primary school books, for measuring the level of energy literacy including all primary school students in Kermanshah city, and to validate the model, It includes primary school teachers, education specialists, and textbook authors and the purposeful and criteria-based sampling method was used until reaching theoretical saturation (number of 19 people) from experts in energy education and education. The tools for collecting the information required for the design of the model were documentary studies, interviews and questionnaires, and for the purpose of validity and reliability, the theoretical triangulation method was used.The results of the content analysis of the textbooks showed that among the elementary school books, the most attention was paid to the category of consumption patterns in Persian books and experimental sciences of the fifth and sixth grades, which are mainly based on cognitive and functional components. Also, the results showed that the energy literacy of primary school students was low in cognitive aspects and therefore it had an impact on their performance.Bottom of Form Finally, the ideal model of energy consumption education including curriculum elements such as goals, content selection and organization, learning activities and teaching methods, learning resources, grouping, time, place and evaluation was designed. Accreditation review from experts in curriculum studies and environmental education showed that the designed model is acceptable with a high degree of confidence. Based on this, it is suggested that the pattern of optimal energy consumption, its components and how it is taught, which is designed in this research, should be included in the topics and educational programs in the elementary school. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
85 - An agro-climatic zoning of wheat cultivation in the Kermanshah province
Rastegar Mohamadi Javad Khoshhal Dstjerdi Daryoush Rahimi Razieh NouriSince the most cultivated areas allocated to dry land wheat in Kermanshah province, therefore the climatic zoning wheat cultivation seemed necessary for this province. To reach the research objectives was used the climatic data 6 synoptic stations (1989-2012) and climat MoreSince the most cultivated areas allocated to dry land wheat in Kermanshah province, therefore the climatic zoning wheat cultivation seemed necessary for this province. To reach the research objectives was used the climatic data 6 synoptic stations (1989-2012) and climate data 8 climatological stations (2008-2013). Initially for analyzing and performance steps, used software SMADA for different distribution possibilities, selected planting date and the best statistical distribution Then extracted map precipitation, temperature and thermal stresses and applied contribution of each layer in the layer zoning, So that the highest percentage of participation is related to precipitation The germination period With 31.5% and the lowest percentage of participation is related to heat stress (30) degrees Step reaching With 8.1%. The results showed that Between Elements of climate, precipitation and temperature There are important factors of wheat cultivation in the end By combining layers To the Method Weighted overlap in ArcGIS environment, were extracted wheat climatic zoning map. The results showed that the very appropriate areas with an area of 16.7% in parts of the northwest, west and southwest, appropriate areas with an area of 14.36% in the northwest, west and southwest, the average areas with 15.27% in the southwest, west, central, north, northeast and southeast and poor areas with 53.64%, is located more in central and northeast. This research can be used in order to the more prominently capability of geographical information systems in the composition and production of spatial and attribute data, and help managers and decision makers to access information and provide appropriate model according to the type of crop planning. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
86 - Quantifying the effect of surface parameters and climatic conditions on land surface temperature using reflective and thermal remote sensing data
Naeim Mijani Saeid Hamzeh Mohammad Karimi FirozjaeiThe land surface temperature (LST) plays a vital role in a wide range of scientific researches including climatology, hydrology, natural resources and etc. There are some determining factors which affect the land surface temperature, such as the kind of surface elements MoreThe land surface temperature (LST) plays a vital role in a wide range of scientific researches including climatology, hydrology, natural resources and etc. There are some determining factors which affect the land surface temperature, such as the kind of surface elements, topography and environmental conditions and also the amount of incoming radiation to the surface. The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of topographic parameters, climatic conditions and downward radiation on land surface temperature using remote sensing data. For this purpose, the Landsat 8 satellite image, ASTER digital elevation model, MODIS water vapor product (MOD07) on 24 July 2018, topography and climate map of Kerman province were used. To calculate the LST and downward shortwave and longwave radiation to surface the single channel and SEBAL energy balance algorithms were used, respectively. Finally, using statistical analysis the relationship between LST and independent variables, including elevation, slope, aspect, vegetation cover index and downward radiation to the surface were studied. The results of the study shown that the correlation coefficient between the LST and each of the independent parameters is more than 0.7. Also, the relationship between LST and topographic, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and downward radiation parameters at the 95% level was significant. The results of the mean of LST values in climatic conditions, including extra-dry, dry, semi-dry, Mediterranean, semi-wet and wet indicate that climates classes with higher LST relative to climates classes with lower LST have means of elevation, NDVI lower and mean longwave downward radiation to surface higher. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
87 - Identification of salt domes in Ravar region, Kerman province by using the radar Polarimetry technique of Palsar images and analyzing Sentinel-2 and Aster multispectral images
Ali Mehrabi Sadegh Karimi Fatemeh NaghdiBackground and ObjectiveIn addition to tourist attractions, salt domes are one of the most interesting geomorphic phenomena having different mineral resources and can in some cases act as an oil reservoir and oil trap. It is very important to identify them. Iran i MoreBackground and ObjectiveIn addition to tourist attractions, salt domes are one of the most interesting geomorphic phenomena having different mineral resources and can in some cases act as an oil reservoir and oil trap. It is very important to identify them. Iran is very rich in evaporative deposits and also shows a unique abundance of emerged/outcropped salt domes. Most of the known salt domes are distributed in the south of Zagros and the Persian Gulf region. But they have also been reported in the other parts of Iran, including the Great Desert, Garmsar, Qom and the Ravar region. So far, no special study has been done on the salt domes of the Ravar region, so that only a few domes in the northern and eastern parts of Ravar have been mentioned. without specifying their location on the map. Therefore, the necessity for further study of this area is specified. The main purpose of this study is to identify the salt domes found/outcropped in the area of Ravar city, Kerman province, by using new remote sensing methods and using radar and multispectral images. Materials and Methods There are several ways to process multi-dimensional images that the analysis of the principle components and the false color combination are the most important ones. We will explain how these methods have been used in the present study. Aster thermal sensor bands were used to produce the false color combination, so that the mentioned minerals were exposed/highlighted by placing the 12, 11 and 13 bands in the red, green and blue channels respectively, Studies on the use of the main components analysis technique for Sentinel 2 satellite images to detect soil and rock salinity show that the false color combinations of PC7, PC6 and PC2, in red, green and green channels respectively is very suitable for this purpose. This is done in the same way in this study. Results and Discussion By performing atmospheric corrections on the multi-spectral images of Sentinel 2, the analysis of the main components was performed on it, as a result of which, the corresponding image was divided into 12 components. Using the three main components 2, 6 and 7, a false color combination was prepared. The results show that the different stone units are highlighted with different colors. Meanwhile, according to previous studies and by examining different colors and comparing and matching it with the geological map of the study area, it was specified that the light pink color indicates the salt units in the study area, This has been proven by field studies. It is noteworthy that in addition to determining the salt domes, the pink areas also show the secondary salts caused by weathering and erosion of these domes. Since the composition of the salt domes displayed in the Ravar salt basin varies so that some of these domes are dominated by salt minerals and polyalite, and others by sulfate minerals such as gypsum and Carbonate minerals such as anhydrite form the dominant mineral, different satellite images can be used to highlight the dominant minerals of each group in terms of their characteristics and spectral behavior. Thus Aster images were also used. Therefore, according to the specific spectral behavior of anhydrite and gypsum minerals in the thermal spectrum range, special color combinations can be combined to recognize salt domes by placing bands 12, 11 and 13 in the red, green and blue channels, respectively. As shown in this result, the salt domes having the dominant gypsum and anhydrite mineral are marked by light white. By performing the radar polarimetry technique and applying the CPR index, the relevant images were prepared. As mentioned earlier, CPR image suffering is closely related to the type and spectral behavior of different levels, In order to better analyze the images, the data suffering were normalized between 0 and 1. The closer these numbers are to the number one, the greater the roughness is due to surface erosion. As a result, the areas that are red in the image are usually very eroded. Conclusion The results of this study show that evaporative minerals and salt domes can be identified by using radar polarimetry method. In this study, with the application of CPR index, salt domes with red color were highlighted. In addition, due to the specific spectral behavior of the anhydrite and gypsum minerals in the thermal spectrum range, with the color combination of bands 12, 11 and 13, ASTER images of light-colored salt domes were identified. Also, the existing salt units in the study area were identified by using the three main components 2, 6 and 7 prepared from Sentinel 2 images,. Based on the obtained results, 27 salt domes were identified in the study area, which are in good agreement with the usual structural mechanism of salt domes creation. In addition, the accuracy of the results were confirmed by field survey. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
88 - Determination potential habitats of Ferula assafoetida medicinal herb using analytical hierarchy process (AHP) and GIS (Case study: Chatrod region, Kerman)
Amir Saadatfar Iraj Tavassolian Samira Hossein JafariSustainable land use pattern relies on a precise assessment of ecological resources. Medicinal plants demand special environmental conditions, therefore, researchers and experts have special attention to land suitability evaluation and appropriately discover and assess MoreSustainable land use pattern relies on a precise assessment of ecological resources. Medicinal plants demand special environmental conditions, therefore, researchers and experts have special attention to land suitability evaluation and appropriately discover and assess ecological resources and finally, make feasibility studies for specific aims applying agricultural and ecological models. The present study aimed to identify effective climatological, topographic, and physical-chemical properties of soil on the habitat of the Ferula assafoetida medicinal herb, and zoning of suitable areas for cropping of these crops by means of Geographical Information System (GIS) in the Chatrod region of Kerman province. In the first step, the ecological requirements of Ferula assafoetida identified for determining scientific resources and thus, classified to provide thematic maps. Thematic maps also prepared and categorized by sampling the soil from the surface area at 14 points. The examined parameters included precipitation, temperature, altitude, sand, silt, clay, lime, pH, electrical conductivity, potassium, saturation, phosphorus, organic matter, and nitrogen. Finally, by integrating and matching the weighted maps in GIS software, the zoning of the habitat of the Ferula assafoetida extracted. The results of the zoning showed that Ferula assafoetida was in four zones (very suitable, suitable, moderate and poor) in terms of land suitability. Approximately 4826 hectares (16.9%) of the Chatrod region had highly suitable for growing the Ferula assafoetida herb. It is because of the specific characteristics of this area, such as low electrical conductivity, low acidity, high organic matter, and the height of 1900 to 2500 meters was. However, approximately 6819.6 hectares (23.8%) of the area of land evaluated as unsuitable zones because of low rainfall, high altitude and organic matter to grow of Ferula assafoetida. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
89 - Contamination of Dog Hair with Toxocara spp. Eggs in Kermanshah City and Associated Risk Factors
Maryam Maryam Karimi-Dehkord Farid Rezaei Fatemeh AzizinejadInroduction & Objective: Canine intestinal parasitic infections that can be transmitted to humans are widespread. One of these infections is toxocariasis caused by Toxocara canis. The aim of this study was to investigate the contamination of the hairs of different d MoreInroduction & Objective: Canine intestinal parasitic infections that can be transmitted to humans are widespread. One of these infections is toxocariasis caused by Toxocara canis. The aim of this study was to investigate the contamination of the hairs of different dogs (domestic, herd, guard and stray) as a risk for transmission to humans. Materials and Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out on the 201 domestic, guards, herds, and stray dogs in Kermanshah to investigate the contamination of the hair. Hair washing method and also the Graham method was performed to detect infection with Toxocara species eggs Results: The results showed that 44.27% of the studied dogs were infected with Toxocara eggs by Graham method and 36.81% by hair washing method. In both methods, puppies under six months of age showed significantly more infection than dogs over six months old (p≤0.05), but the difference between males and females was not significant. Also, the rate of infection in domestic dogs was significantly lower than that of herding, guard and stray dogs (p≤0.05). Although there was no significant difference between hair washing method and Graham method in terms of infection rate, but in dogs with short hair, the amount of infection in Graham method was significantly higher than the hair washing method (p≤0.05). Conclusion: According to the results of the present study, the infection of dogs in Kermanshah with Toxocara species is high. Therefore, in order to reduce the risk of human infection, it is necessary to create preventive programs. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
90 - بررسی دیوان رباعیّات اوحدالدّین کرمانی از منظر عرفان اسلامی
شهریار حسن زاده فاطمه آقازاده جعفر راضی نیا -
Open Access Article
91 - Analysis of Mohammad Taghi Mozaffar-e-Kermani's Tazmins( Borrowings) from Rumi's Masnavi in Bahr Al-asraar
Mina Khadem Al-fogharaAncient Persian literature and the works of poets and writers of earlier centuries have always been of great interest for those who love literature, poets and writers. In this regard, the works of Zandieh and Qajar eras have received less attention due to their imitativ MoreAncient Persian literature and the works of poets and writers of earlier centuries have always been of great interest for those who love literature, poets and writers. In this regard, the works of Zandieh and Qajar eras have received less attention due to their imitative approach and ignoring them makes many of the teachings of that period remain obscure and unknown. However, in this period, works are found that are important in many ways.One of the valuable mystical works in the Qajar period is Masnavi Bahr Al-Asrar. This masnavi is a mystical interpretation of the Surah Al-Hamd which is based on the view of the existential unity of Ibn Al-Arabi. This masnavi is composed by Mohammad Taghi Mozaffar-e-Kermani, one of the great physicians, scholars, jurists and mystics of the early Qajar period. In this work, Muzaffar-e-Kermani has tried to organize Surah Al-Hamd based on a mystical philosophical view called "unity of existence". This work, which can be said to be a mystical interpretation of Surah Al-Hamd, composed in the similar rhythm of Rumi's Masnavi, which is about five thousand verse. While paying much attention to Quran, hadith, supplications and sermons, we come across many hints as well as Tazmin (borrowings) from Rumi. This article while introducing the poem and its poet, examines the effect of Rumi's Masnavi and the verses that Mohammad Taghi Mozaffar-e-Kermani has used as a Tazmin and at the same time it tries to influence these verses on the purpose of this work. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
92 - Mystical Nostalgia of Khaju Kermani and Salman Savoji
Somayyeh Abdullahi Nejad Mohammadreza Zaman Ahmadi Abdurreza MoharreszadehLanguage is the most important tool for communication by means of which human being can express his or her meanings and various needs. One of such needs is expression of envy, homesickness, and grief for the past called nostalgia. The sense of nostalgia is mingled with MoreLanguage is the most important tool for communication by means of which human being can express his or her meanings and various needs. One of such needs is expression of envy, homesickness, and grief for the past called nostalgia. The sense of nostalgia is mingled with the thinking, sensation, and behavior of humankind. In Sufism and Islamic mysticism, nostalgia is remarkable presence having meaningful dimensions and various interpretations. In addition, nostalgia is the most impressive psychological activities in Persian literature, especially in the eighth century for which there are two mystical poets, namely Khaju Kermani and Salman Savoji. This paper investigates through descriptive analytic methodology aimed at the study of the poems by Khaju Kermani and Salman Savoji on the mystical nostalgia to explain the different types of nostalgia and the causes pertinent to that notion from their standpoint. The most significant thing this paper accomplishes is the identification of various factors affecting the mind and thought of the poet and its reflection on the better understanding and relation with their poems. The original staying away from home country and real beloved is the nostalgic themes of their works. The results of this paper explains why Salman Savoji, like Khaju Kermani, has felt the mystical nostalgia arisen from distance from real beloved and original homeland. After a short introduction on the multifaceted concepts of traditional, modern, and postmodern nostalgia, the writer deals with the explanation and account of nostalgic idea and its subdivisions in Khaju Kermani’s and Salman Savoji’s divans with reference to dictionaries and reference sources and articles, and thereafter, he mentions some evidences of their literature for each subject matter. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
93 - Comparison of the Status of Poverty (Faghr) from the Perspective of Khajuye Kermani and Shah Nematullah Vali
Suri Bidabady roya ahm,ad a,mraji Shahparak Farahbakhsh EsfahanPoverty as a stage of life is of great importance not only in literature, but also in the mystical field. The seeker in this position achieves the annihilation of God by denying the transcendence of God, which is the ultimate mysticism. This study has analytically-compa MorePoverty as a stage of life is of great importance not only in literature, but also in the mystical field. The seeker in this position achieves the annihilation of God by denying the transcendence of God, which is the ultimate mysticism. This study has analytically-comparatively examined and compared the views of two prominent mystics and poets of the eighth century, Khajuye Kermani and Shah Nematullah Vali, regarding the concept of poverty. Findings show that both poets' view of poverty includes spiritual poverty, which elevates the human spirit to perfection and a high position in relation to richness. The difference is that Khajou has considered material poverty in some verses that have low frequency. He also used other terms in the meaning of poverty, such as: begging, poverty, while Shah Nematullah, in addition to these words, also used the word "dervish" a lot. This kind of application of poverty indicates the diversity of the Sufi language of the two poets in expressing their mystical purpose and the duality of the concept of poverty. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
94 - Analyzing the Effects of Water Management policies on Reducing Water Scarcity in Kerman Province
Elham Azizabadi Hojat Mahkoeui امیر گندمکارWater is an important source of life for humans and animals. Without water, it can be acknowledged that life and the environment will disappear. Iran has been mentioned as one of the countries that has faced the problem of water shortage; And if important policies in th MoreWater is an important source of life for humans and animals. Without water, it can be acknowledged that life and the environment will disappear. Iran has been mentioned as one of the countries that has faced the problem of water shortage; And if important policies in the field of water management are not adopted, the water shortage crisis will face local and national security with fundamental challenges. Kerman, as one of the central provinces of Iran, has been raised with the issue of water scarcity and water security. The main goal of this article is to identify and analyze the effects of water management policies on reducing water scarcity in Kerman province. The research method used is descriptive-analytical, with library resources and internet sites, to the main question, what are the effects of water management policies on reducing water scarcity in Kerman province? answers. The results obtained from the research findings show that policies such as transferring water between basins (Beheshtabad and Safaroud) are not very suitable, but management models such as economic efficiency, virtual water, etc. are more effective, and the use of virtual water Among these models, it can be the best solution. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
95 - Assessing tourism capabilities and its role in urban development with emphasis on strategic planning (Case study: Kerman)
mohammadreza rezaeei moslem ghasemi Tourism is the engine of economic development and one of the factors in reducing poverty in rural and urban areas and has had negative and positive effects on tourist destinations. In this regard, strategic planning More Tourism is the engine of economic development and one of the factors in reducing poverty in rural and urban areas and has had negative and positive effects on tourist destinations. In this regard, strategic planning can be considered as a response to the problems caused by lack of proper planning in tourism. At the core of tourism, like all other business activities, the "tourism strategy" must be embodied, and among the strategic planning models used in tourism development, especially in urban tourism, is the qspm strategic model. Therefore, in the present article, while recognizing and introducing some of the tourist attractions of Kerman and its role in the development of the city, we have tried to present the strategy and solutions for the tourism industry of Kerman. This research is methodical in terms of method and applied in terms of purpose. (From the perspective of 50 officials and tourists) has been done. The data were then entered and analyzed in exel software and then analyzed using the qspm strategic model. The results of the final analysis of the internal and external factors evaluation matrices indicate that according to the average of the final scores obtained for internal factors with a score of 2.713 and for external factors with a score of 2.98, the studied strategic strategy, penetration strategy in Market and product development strategy. Finally, based on the evaluation of the average scores of competitive strategies in the quantitative strategic planning matrix, the strategy to pay attention to the development of cultural, natural and ecotourism tourism due to the comparative advantages for the development of this type of tourism as the most important strategy for sustainable tourism development in Kerman. It is recommended for the sustainable development of urban tourism in the city.Extended AbstractIntroduction: The tourism industry in the new era has become one of the main pillars of the world trade economy and today it is referred to as an invisible industry in the process of globalization. one of the centers that has the potential to develop tourism in eastern Iran is the city of Kerman, this city due to its special location and location in the eastern part of Iran and also due to having special climatic and climatic conditions and History has unique abilities and capabilities to attract tourists. Identifying the bottlenecks and opportunities ahead and proper and wise planning for the development of this industry in this province is inevitable. Therefore, based on what has been stated, the key question of the article can be formulated as follows: What are the limitations and capabilities for the development of tourism in Kerman (weaknesses and strengths, opportunities and threats)? And the sustainable development of tourism in the city of Kerman depends on the adoption of which strategy?Methodology: This research is methodical in terms of method and applied in terms of purpose. (From the perspective of 50 officials and tourists) has been done. Method of collecting documentary information by referring and taking notes from library documents and also in field studies by sampling method (Cochran method), direct observation, interview, taking photos, videos and for analyzing information from Qspm and soft strategic technique SPSS and EXCEL software are used. The statistical population studied in this article consists of experts and officials of devices and institutions related to urban tourism, of which 50 people have been selected as a sample. Then, according to the analysis of the four factors of strengths, weaknesses, threats and opportunities, a questionnaire containing 20 five-choice questionnaires was obtained. The questions based on the Likert scale consisted of 5 options: very high - high - medium - low and very low. In order to analyze the information and present a strategic model for the development of urban tourism, the Qspm analytical method and Meta-SWOT software have been used. And then by consulting experts and officials and giving weight to each of these issues and then calculating and analyzing them, priorities were identified and to eliminate or reduce weaknesses and threats and strengthen and improve strengths and opportunities. In connection with the development of urban tourism, finally, appropriate strategies have been presented.Results and discussion: To analyze the data obtained from completing the questionnaires, one of the models for assessing and analyzing the situation in order to measure the potential, which is the strategic planning model known as SWOT, has been used. This model is one of the strategic tools to match the strengths and weaknesses within the system with the opportunities and threats outside the system. This analytical model involves the systematic identification of factors with which the strategy should be best adapted. The rationale for this approach is that an effective strategy should minimize the strengths and opportunities of the system and the weaknesses and threats. Its most common application is to provide a logical framework for systematically guiding system discussions, various strategies, and ultimately strategy selection. In the present study, while identifying the weaknesses and threats that endanger the tourism industry of Kerman and can affect urban development, the capabilities and opportunities in the tourism industry of Kerman are also tried. To be clearly stated and reviewed, and effective strategies and strategies in this field were extracted from expert opinions. In this regard, after collecting these weaknesses and strengths related to tourism and urban tourism in Kerman and providing them to experts for review and scoring, entered the software and analyzed model and while presenting We have achieved appropriate solutions in this regard, which can also be effective in urban development, by providing a comprehensive and specific strategy.Conclusion: In terms of tourism in Kerman, the factor of numerous historical places and monuments in the city of Kerman with a weight of 0.037 and the factor of infrastructure development and profitability for both tourists and indigenous people with a weight of 0.040 is the greatest strength and opportunity in Kerman for Urban tourism is considered and the factor of unwillingness to invest in the tourism sector of Kerman with a weight of 0.039 and the factor of seasonal tourism of Kerman with a weight of 0.060 are the biggest weakness and threat to tourism in Kerman.Preliminary results of the internal factors evaluation matrix showed that the location and proximity of Kerman city near the most important desert tourism hub of the province, namely Lot desert and Shahdad clots as the most important internal strength and inefficient and inefficient management in urban tourism as the most important weakness of the city. Kerman and in the evaluation matrix of external factors, the location of Kerman city as a tourism hub in the east of the country was mentioned as the most important foreign advantage and in the opposite point, the main external threatening factor was the lack of government support. In addition, the results of the final analysis of the internal and external factors evaluation matrices indicated that according to the average final scores obtained for internal factors with a score of 2.713 and for external factors with a score of 2.98, the strategic tourism strategy The city of Kerman is a market penetration strategy and a product development strategy. Finally, based on the evaluation of the average scores of competitive strategies in the quantitative strategic planning matrix, the strategy of attention and emphasis on the development of cultural, natural and ecotourism because of the comparative advantages for the development of this type of tourism as the most important strategy for sustainable tourism development. A city in Kerman is proposed for the sustainable development of urban tourism. In addition, the results of field studies in the city of Kerman, as a sample of studies, showed that the SWOT method, as a valuable and efficient strategic method, has been able to integrate the bottlenecks and opportunities of urban tourism in an integrated way and in the form of development paradigm. Explain the sustainable urban tourism in the study area, so that the findings of field studies and objective observations are well consistent with the realities in the city of Kerman. Thus, this method and indicators designed as a model in other urban areas of the country can be used to analyze the bottlenecks and opportunities of urban tourism facing urban tourism with a strategic approach. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
96 - Investigating the effects of resilience indicators and formulating effective strategies on eco-oriented sustainability (Study case: Faizabad neighborhood of Kermanshah city)
Mirsalar Habibi seyedali Nouri seyedjamalodin daryabariCities are always exposed to serious risks and damages, which shows the importance of risk management and prediction. Resilience is an approach that can help improve urban areas and their response in the face of crisis. The assessment of cities in terms of different ind MoreCities are always exposed to serious risks and damages, which shows the importance of risk management and prediction. Resilience is an approach that can help improve urban areas and their response in the face of crisis. The assessment of cities in terms of different indicators and their status can provide a suitable framework for managers. The purpose of this research is to investigate the effects of resilience indicators and developing effective strategies for their modification based on eco-oriented sustainability. The research method is descriptive-analytical and based on field data. The data collection tool was a questionnaire. The statistical population is made up of 4830 residents of Faiz Abad neighborhood. Based on Cochran's formula, the sample size was determined to be 356 people. Also, 50 related experts were used to formulate the strategy. The structural and content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed as well as the reliability with Cronbach's alpha above 0.70. The results show that the most effective indicators in improving resilience are related to the environmental health index with a value of 0.95. Also, the index of social belonging has the ability to explain 0.85, environmental and spatial threats 0.85, economic infrastructure 0.82, social participation 0.80 and economic welfare also has 0.78 in the field of improving the resilience of Faiz Abad neighborhood. The results showed that 7 strategies can be emphasized in order to improve urban resilience based on the eco-oriented approach that including supporting and facilitating the prosperity of the economic foundations of the neighborhood, promoting social capital and education, planning the development of neighborhood tourism, reconstruction, development and creation of physical spaces, renovation facilities and incentive schemes, neighborhood environmental health, reforming and reviewing the interaction of institutions with people.Extended AbstractIntroduction:With the development of urbanization and the increase of urban population, managers and urban planners should pay more attention to the challenges caused by development in urban areas. One of the challenges facing urban managers and planners is natural or human crises. Crises are the product of unsustainable development compared to balancing the social, economic and natural environment. Urban crises, by adversely affecting the three indicators of society, economy and environment, cause great and sometimes irreparable damages to urban areas, which is one of the basic priorities of all urban planners in terms of identifying, planning and optimal management of crises; Therefore, making urban communities resilient is of particular importance. Faizabad neighborhood is one of the old neighborhoods located in the old context of Kermanshah city. This neighborhood has an economic function and valuable historical structures such as residential buildings Rande Kash, Manzi Yazdi, Teke Biglarbigi, Sarai Tawakkel, Bazaar, Teke Faiz Abad, Zorkhane Alamdar have historical and identity value. On the other hand, this neighborhood has an unfavorable physical and environmental condition, a significant percentage of the buildings in the neighborhood are dilapidated and of poor quality. Therefore, if a crisis occurs in this neighborhood, its effect will be double, so the resilience of this neighborhood is necessary to reduce the effect of the crisis. Therefore, in this research, considering the important location of this ancient fabric in Kermanshah city, it has been tried to influence various resilience indicators based on eco-oriented sustainability and provide effective strategies in order to improve them in this neighborhood.Methodology:According to its nature, the research method is descriptive-analytical and applied in terms of purpose. The statistical population of the intended research includes citizens living in Faiz Abad neighborhood and experts familiar with the subject. According to the statistics of the improvement and modernization plan of 2010, there are 4830 citizens living in the central part of Kermanshah. Based on Cochran's formula, the statistical sample for the statistical population of citizens at the individual level was calculated as 356 people. The sampling method is at the level of citizens, which is done randomly. A statistical sample of 50 experts was also selected. There are two types of information collection methods: library (documents) and field (survey). The research collection tools are questionnaires and interviews. For analysis, the data are summarized, coded and categorized and finally processed to provide the basis for analyzes and connections between these data in order to answer the questions. The collected raw data was entered into SPSS, AMOS software and finally the data was analyzed.Results and discussion:The results of structural equation modeling have been used to investigate the effectiveness of various components or indicators of urban resilience. Examining the model shows that the drawn model has the ability to measure the effectiveness of resilience components; Because the factor loading of 18 investigated indicators was equal to 0.75 and more than 3, and this indicates the influence and role of social, economic, environmental, physical and institutional indicators (a total of 18 factors) in urban resilience. In total, it can be said that the 18 examined indicators including place belonging, social participation, resources and human capital, economic support, economic infrastructure, economic well-being, etc. can be effective in improving resilience. Examining the role of 18 in improving urban resilience shows that the total effect value is 0.75, and in total, the analyzed indicators can account for about 0.75% of the variance, role-playing and positive effects in improving urban resilience (Faizabad neighborhood). ) to explain. Based on the results of this model, the most effective is related to the environmental health index with an explanation of 0.95. The index of social belonging can explain 0.85, environmental and spatial threats can explain 0.85, economic infrastructure can explain 0.82, social participation can explain 0.80, and economic prosperity also can explain 0.78 in the field of neighborhood resilience. It has Faizabad.The results of various factors show that 7 strategies are effective in improving urban resilience components based on eco-oriented sustainability in Faiz Abad neighborhood of Kermanshah city. These 7 strategies include supporting and facilitating the prosperity of the economic foundations of the neighborhood; improving social capital and education; neighborhood tourism development planning; Reconstruction, development and creation of desirable physical spaces; Renovation facilities and incentive plans; Health of the neighborhood environment; reforming and revising the interaction of institutions with people. Therefore, the mentioned strategies have been proposed from different aspects of economic, social, physical and environmental resilience, and they have tried to emphasize all aspects of urban resilience. In addition, at the level of the examined solutions or factors, the solution of promoting public belief in the government with a factor load of 0.873 is recognized as the most effective solution in the direction of urban resilience. Two indicators of the development and creation of social groups and non-governmental organizations with a factor load of 0.868 and also the continuous development of physical restoration with a priority of habitable residential buildings with a factor load of 0.816 in the second and third ranks of effective solutions in the direction of improving the components of urban resilience are knownAccording to the stated contents, in order to improve the urban resilience components based on eco-oriented sustainability in Faiz Abad neighborhood of Kermanshah city, 7 strategies have been mentioned that can be effective in this field.Conclusion:The general result of this research confirms that various indicators can be effective in the urban resilience of Faizabad neighborhood. These indicators affect different social, economic, physical and environmental aspects of resilience. In this context, two indicators of environmental health and social belonging have the most impact on urban resilience. Also, in line with the improvement of urban resilience components based on eco-oriented sustainability in Faiz Abad neighborhood of Kermanshah city; Supporting and facilitating the prosperity of the neighborhood's economic platforms; improving social capital and education; neighborhood tourism development planning; Reconstruction, development and creation of desirable physical spaces; Renovation facilities and incentive plans; Health of the neighborhood environment, reforming and revising the interaction of institutions with people, were recognized as key strategies. According to what was said, the resilience of Faiz Abad neighborhood requires a good and systematic management perspective in order to achieve a level of improvement and good performance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
97 - A look at the paradoxes of Khajoo Kermani's Divan
Pouran AlizadehParadox is one of the literary tricks that is present in oral speech, philosophy, logic and even areas of human life, and it is a poetic combination of two words that have a contradictory meaning and seem intellectually impossible. In literature, this trick is one of th MoreParadox is one of the literary tricks that is present in oral speech, philosophy, logic and even areas of human life, and it is a poetic combination of two words that have a contradictory meaning and seem intellectually impossible. In literature, this trick is one of the beautiful verbal arrangements that its beauty factor is in the astonishment that it creates in the mind of the audience. Khajoo Kermani is one of the powerful poets of the eighth century AH who has used this paradox very artistically in conveying concepts and themes; Therefore, the present study is dedicated to examining the paradox in Khajoo Divan. The method of this research is descriptive-analytical. The results show that Khajoo Kermani in his poetry collection looked at these paradoxes as one of the literary and poetic tricks and considered them from different angles and used various techniques in expressing these contrasting elements. And has provided the means to highlight his word. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
98 - Varroosis in honey bee colonies in Kerman province, southeastern Iran
Amin Ahmadi مهدی Borhani سعید norolahifard زهرا shamsodini Z. mosadegh ardakaniVarroa spp. is an important ectoparasite in the honey bee that is distributed worldwide and it may cause to decrease in the population in the honey bee colonies. This study was conducted to determine the frequency of seasonal distribution of Varroa mite in apiaries of K MoreVarroa spp. is an important ectoparasite in the honey bee that is distributed worldwide and it may cause to decrease in the population in the honey bee colonies. This study was conducted to determine the frequency of seasonal distribution of Varroa mite in apiaries of Kerman province from 2017-to 2018. 1500 hives were sampled randomly in different apiaries in the Kerman province. Detection of Varroa spp. infestation in adults honey bees was conducted by Ether wash. The prevalence of Varroa spp infestation in apiaries was 32.9%. The highest frequency of infection in winter was determined as 46.6% and the lowest infection rate was found in spring (24%). The highest and lowest mean density rate of infestation were 33% and 17%. Regarding the rate of prevalence of Varroa spp in the apiaries of Kerman province, it needs to have a regular control program in order to decrease the rate of infestation in this region. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
99 - Study on host range and distribution of Parasitengona mite larvae in Kermanshah province of Iran
Masoud Arbabi S. Mohamadi A. N. MirmoayediGeographical distribution larvae of Parasitengona mites belonging to Erythraeina and Trombidina were investigated with collection of them from different body parts of 20 insect species for the first time in Kermanshah province. Period of mite larvae sampling conducted f MoreGeographical distribution larvae of Parasitengona mites belonging to Erythraeina and Trombidina were investigated with collection of them from different body parts of 20 insect species for the first time in Kermanshah province. Period of mite larvae sampling conducted from spring till middle of autumn seasons in two years (2007-2008). The mite larvae collected from Islamabad-Gharb, Mahidasht, Ghilan-Gharb, Sarpolehzahab, Kermanshah, Cozaran, Dalaho, Harsian, Paveh, Kangavar, Homeil, Ghasershireen, Sahneh. In this study nine species belong to 4 mite families identified so far from seven species belong to three grasshopper families Acrididae (Caliptamus tenuicercis Tarbinsky,Caliptamus sp.,Tetanocera robustaLoew,), Pamphagidae (Iranotmethis persa Saussure, Nocarodes crispus Mishchenko), Tettigoniidae (Platycleis (Squamiana) squamiptera Uvarov), and Cicadidae (Cicadatia persica Kirkaldy), Buprestidae (Julodis laevicostata Gorg., J. armenica Mars), Chrysomelidae (Galeruca spectabilis Faldermann), Meloidae(Lydus sp.), Tenebrionidae (Adesmia sp., Pachyscelis sp.,Tentyria sp.), Coccinellidae, Curculionidae and some other insect such as sunn pest and butterflies. Five mite larvae are new to mite fauna in species (three) and genus (two) level. Out of 7000 insects so far collected on 14 localities, more than 85 percent of them were belong to different grasshopper species which only 7.08% of them observed associated with grasshopper number of larvae (5 individual’s larvae mite) recorded on two grasshopper species (P. squamiptera, T. robusta). All insects collected in Mahidasht observed coexistence with larvae mite among surveyed localities whereas the least of larvae mite recorded only on grasshopper in Sahneh region. Maximum geographical distribution among mite species observed for E. sepasosariani in eight regions. Maximum biological activities and abundance seen during June-August for all mite species collected in all the regions. With reference to extensive Parasitengona larvae mite distribution in pastures of Kermanshah province and their feeding effects on grasshopper, It seems that they can be natural biological control agents on grasshopper population in this province. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
100 - Faunestic study of Aphids (Hem., Sternorrhyncha; Aphidae) in Kermanshah region
S. Ghahramani Nezhad M. Shayan Mehr M. T. TohidiBecause of the importance role of these insects, the present study investigates Aphididae fauna on different host plants from different regions of Kermanshah (the City in the southwest of Iran) was studied during 2010-2011. The collected aphid specimens were kept in eth MoreBecause of the importance role of these insects, the present study investigates Aphididae fauna on different host plants from different regions of Kermanshah (the City in the southwest of Iran) was studied during 2010-2011. The collected aphid specimens were kept in ethanol 75% and then mounted on microscopic slides for identification to species level. Additionally, in order to better identification of the aphids’ species, the host plants were collected and identified by professional botanists. The identified species of Aphididae were confirmed by professional experts in Iran. Altogether 25 species belonging to 13 genus of the family were collected and identified in different regions of Kermanshah. All species reported for the first time from Kermanshah. All identified species are kept as permanent microscopic slides in the entomology laboratory, department of plant protection, faculty of plant production, Sari University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural resources. The collected and Identified Aphididae are listed as follow: Acyrthosiphon gossypii Mordvilko,1914, Acyrthosiphon malvae ssp. geranii Gillette & Palmer, 1929, Aphis craccivora Koch, 1855, Aphis euphorbiae Kaltenbach, 1843, Aphis idaei Koch, Aphis fabae Scopoli, 1763, Aphis punicae Pass, Aphis umbrella Boerner, 1950, Aphis verbasci Schrank, 1801, Brachycaudus (Acaudus) cardui (Linne, 1758), Brachycaudus (Acaudus) iranicus Davatchi & Rememaudiere, 1953, Brachycaudus (Acaudus) tragopogonis Kaltenbach, 1843, Dysaphis plantaginea Pass, Hyadaphis foeniculi Pass., 1860 , Hyalopterus pruni Geoffroy, Hyperomyzus lactucae Linne, 1758, Macrosiphum rosae, Myzus persicae Sulzer, 1776, Nasonovia ribisnigri Mosley, 1841, Rhopalosiphum padi L., 1756, Rhopalosiphum maidis Fitch, 1856, Sitobion fragariae Walker, 1848, Uroleucon cichorii Koch, 1855, Uroleucon compositae Theobald, 1915, Uroleucon sonchi Linne, 1767. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
101 - First report of ten psyllid species (Hemiptera: Psylloidea) from Kerman province, Iran
M. Lashkari D. Burckhardt S. ManzariJumping plant-lices are belonging to the order Hemiptera, suborder Sternorrhyncha, and superfamily Psylloidea, that have been considered as important vectors of plant diseases and also important pests in agriculture. So far, 95 psyllid species belonging to five families MoreJumping plant-lices are belonging to the order Hemiptera, suborder Sternorrhyncha, and superfamily Psylloidea, that have been considered as important vectors of plant diseases and also important pests in agriculture. So far, 95 psyllid species belonging to five families and 26 genus of Psylloidea superfamily has been recorded from Iran. In a faunistic survey of jumping plant-lices (Hemiptera: Psylloidea) carried out in Kerman province during 2015, 10 species belonging to families Aphalaridae, Liviidae, Psyllidae and Triozidae were collected and identified which are reported for the first time from Kerman Province. Diagnostic comparisons with related species, distribution and an identification key are also presented. The identified species are as follows: Colposcenia aliena (Löw, 1881), Caillardia robusta Loginova, 1959, Euphyllura pakistanica Loginova, 1973, Diaphorina aegyptiaca Puton, 1982, Camarotoscena fulgidipennis Loginova, 1975, Syntomoza unicolor (Loginova, 1958), Cacopsylla bidens (Šulc, 1907), Psyllopsis machinosus Loginova, 1963, Heterotrioza dichroa Scott, 1879, Trioza neglecta Loginova, 1978. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
102 - The faunestic survey on coccinellids in Zarand Zone
R. Jafari N. Zarei Jallalabad R. Vafaei ShoushtariSpecies diversity of Coccinellids (Col., Coccinellidae) was studied in Zarand region during 2009-2010. Samples were by collected net-trap and aspirator. Altogether 13 species from 9 genera, 3 tribe and 3 subfamilies were collected and Identified. External characters plu MoreSpecies diversity of Coccinellids (Col., Coccinellidae) was studied in Zarand region during 2009-2010. Samples were by collected net-trap and aspirator. Altogether 13 species from 9 genera, 3 tribe and 3 subfamilies were collected and Identified. External characters plus characteristics of the male and females genitalia were used in order for identification. Some species were also sent to Dr. Helmut Fursch in Germany for identification or confirmation. Among coccinellid species collected, six species were new records for Kerman province. Many species were predacious, preying on various species of aphids, mites and coccids. The scientific names of the species according to their subfamilies and tribes are as follows. A- Subfamily: Coccinellinae a- Tribe:Coccinellini 1-Coccinella septempunctata L. 1758 2-Hippodamia variegata (Goeze) 1777 3-Oenopia conglobata (L.) 1758 4-Oenopia oncina (Olivier) 1808 5-Adalia bipunctata (L.) 1758 6-Adalia decimpunctata (L.) 1758 7-Propylaea quatuordecimpunctata (L.) 1758 B- Subfamily: Chilocorinae b- Tribe: Chilocorini 8-Chilocorus bipustulatus L. 1758 9-Exochomus nigromaculatus (Goeze) 1777 10-Exochomus pubescens Kuster 1848 C- Subfamily: Scymninae a- Tribe: Scymnini 11-Scymnus pallipes Mulsant 1850 12-Scymnus syriacus (Marseul) 1868 13-Cryptolemus montrozieri Mulsant 1850 Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
103 - The first report of Ceratophysella stercoraria (Stach, 1963) (Collembola: Hypogastruridae) from Kermanshah province
M. kahrarianThe family Hypogastruidae is one of the most common Collembola in the world. This family includes approximately 659 world species in about 40 genera (Park & Park, 2006). The genus Ceratophysella also is one of the largest genera of Hypogastruridae, with more than 10 MoreThe family Hypogastruidae is one of the most common Collembola in the world. This family includes approximately 659 world species in about 40 genera (Park & Park, 2006). The genus Ceratophysella also is one of the largest genera of Hypogastruridae, with more than 108 known species (Bellinger et al., 2006). This study was carried out in Kermanshah region from March to September 2011. Samples were collected from the leaf litter and upper soil layer of fruit orchard in Kermanshah region. The species were extracted by Berlese Funnel and stored in 75% ethanol. After cleaning and preparing, specimen slides were sent to Dr. Dariusz Sharzynski (Zoological Institute of Wroclaw University) for identification. The specimens identified as Ceratophysella stercoraria which this specieswas new for Iran fauna. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
104 - The first report of Dactylochelifer spasskyi Redikorzev (Pseudoscorpiones: Cheliferidae) from Iran
M. Nassirkhani H. M. Takalloo ZadeDactylochelifer spasskyi Redikorzev 1949 is the rare Pseudoscorpion that existed in Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan. This is a new report of this species collected from leaf litter habitats in Iran.Dactylochelifer spasskyi Redikorzev 1949 is the rare Pseudoscorpion that existed in Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan. This is a new report of this species collected from leaf litter habitats in Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
105 - New records of Isotomidae and Paronellidae for the Iranian fauna with an update Checklist of Entomobryomorpha fauna (Collembola) in Kermanshah province
M. Kahrarian R. Vafaei-Shoushtari E. Soleyman-Nejadian M. Shayanmehr B. Shams EsfandabadIn this study, the fauna of order Entomobryomorpha was investigated in different regions of Kermanshah province during 2012-2014. Totally 20 species of Entomobryomorpha belonging to 4 families, 8 subfamilies and 13 genera were collected and identified from Kermanshah. T MoreIn this study, the fauna of order Entomobryomorpha was investigated in different regions of Kermanshah province during 2012-2014. Totally 20 species of Entomobryomorpha belonging to 4 families, 8 subfamilies and 13 genera were collected and identified from Kermanshah. The genus Subisotoam (Stach, 1947) with two species Subisotoma variabilis Gisin, 1949 and Cyphoderus bidenticulatus Parona, 1888 are newly recorded for fauna of Iran. Families Paronellidae and Tomoceridae, two genera Cyphoderus Nicolet, 1842 and Tomocerus Nicolet, 1842 and two species Tomocerus vulgaris (Tullberg, 1871) and Cyphoderus albinus Nicolet, 1842 are also new for Kermanshah province. We also provided the checklist of the Entomobryomorpha fauna which have been reported in different reign of Kermanshah province until now. The present list contains 36 species belonging to 15 genera and 4 families. A key to the known Kermanshah genera of order Entomobryomorpha is provided too. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
106 - Population fluctuation and biology of oak moth, Porthesia melania Stgr. (Lep., Lymantriidae)
E. Mohammadi A. A. Zamani Sh. Goldasteh F. JalilianPorthesia melania Stgr. (Lep., Lymantriidae) is the most important pest of oak trees in Kermanshah province iran and its larvae feed on upper surface of oak leaves. The population fluctuations of larvae were investigated weekly in the region, from March 2008 until April MorePorthesia melania Stgr. (Lep., Lymantriidae) is the most important pest of oak trees in Kermanshah province iran and its larvae feed on upper surface of oak leaves. The population fluctuations of larvae were investigated weekly in the region, from March 2008 until April 2009. The highest and lowest densities of larvae were observed in the late March and mid May, respectively. During summer and winter, no larvae were observed on oak leaves. The third larval stage which lasted eight months from the late July until mid March in diapauses form, was the longest life stage of the oak moth. The pupae were formed in the soil. The adults emerged gradually during 37 days in the nature. The peak of adult emergence was on 23 May. The egg hatch was started from 5 May. Female moths lay 60-140 eggs on the oak leaves. The latest eggs hatched in mid June. Investigation on biology of oak moth revealed that this pest had one generation in a year in Miandar region and overwintered as the third instar larvae. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
107 - Effect of Different Levels of Magnesium in Irrigation Water on Growth Parameters of Two Pistachio Bases
Naghme Bagheri Najme Yazdanpanah Naser SedaghatiIn order to study the effect of different levels of soluble magnesium in irrigation water on growth characteristics of pistachio seedling, a greenhouse experiment was conducted as the split-plot form in the frame of completely random blocks design in Rafsanjan Pistachio MoreIn order to study the effect of different levels of soluble magnesium in irrigation water on growth characteristics of pistachio seedling, a greenhouse experiment was conducted as the split-plot form in the frame of completely random blocks design in Rafsanjan Pistachio Research Centre. For this purpose, two factors including pistachio base as the main factor at two levels (Zarand Badami and Ghazvini) and magnesium concentration in irrigation water at five levels (0, 0.5, 1, 2, and 3 mM magnesium derived from magnesium sulfate source) were applied. Before the application of treatments (at the end of week 8)and 6 months after the implementation of treatments, all growth characteristics of pistachio seedlings such as shoot height, initial and final diameter of seedling's shoot, total dry weight were measured. Results showed that the most length of seedling's shoot and the initial and final diameter of the seedling's shoot occur in the magnesium concentration of 0.5 and 1 mM. As the magnesium concentration increased to the highest level of 3 mM, the length of the seedling’s shoots and also the initial and final diameter of the seedling's shoot decreased by 1.44 cm, 0.16, and 0.22 mm, respectively. In both pistachio bases, the highest total dry weight was observed at concentrations of 0.5 and 1 mM magnesium. Total dry weight decreased with increasing magnesium concentration to 3 mM. The findings of this study made it clear that a concentration of 0.5 to 1 mM is the best concentration of magnesium in irrigation water for the optimal growth of two pistachio bases. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
108 - ارزیابی و دقتسنجی روشهای زمین آماری در برآورد سطح بهینه ایستابی آبهای زیرزمینی، مطالعه موردی: شمالغرب دشت کرمانشاه
محمد رستمی فتج آبادی -
Open Access Article
109 - تحلیل زیست پذیری مناطق درون شهری با استفاده از مدل های FUZZY ELECTREو WASPAS (مورد مطالعه: مناطق چهار گانه شهر کرمان)
علی اصغر عبداللهی صادق کریمی مرتضی حسن زاده -
Open Access Article
110 - رتبهبندی زیر ساختهای گردشگری شهرستانهای استان کرمانشاه با استفاده از تکنیک VIKOR
مریم بیرانوندزاده ابراهیم معمری مهدی خداداد نوبخت سبحانی -
Open Access Article
111 - تحلیل سطوح پایداری توسعه روستایی در استان کرمانشاه
مریم بیرانوند زاده نوبخت سبحانی مصطفی فلاحی خوشجی سید دانا علی زاده -
Open Access Article
112 - تدوین مدل عوامل موثر بر رفتار کودکان مبتلا به اوتیسم در فضاهای سوم شهر کرمان
ساجده مهرابی افسون مهدوی مهین اسلامی شهربابکی مهشید تجربه کار -
Open Access Article
113 - بررسی خشکسالی های کرمان با چهار شاخص TOPSIS، SPI ،PNPI وZ
مهناز پروازی -
Open Access Article
114 - The requirements for achieving easy marriage from the eyes of elites and female students; A qualitative study
Tayebeh ZareieIntroduction: Marriage and the ease of doing it is one of the human needs, and this research was conducted with the aim of identifying the requirements for the realization of an easy marriage. Method: The study method is qualitative and based on the theme analysis appro MoreIntroduction: Marriage and the ease of doing it is one of the human needs, and this research was conducted with the aim of identifying the requirements for the realization of an easy marriage. Method: The study method is qualitative and based on the theme analysis approach. The studied population was elite women and female graduate students of Kermanshah province in 1402, and 12 of them were interviewed by theoretical and purposeful sampling, according to the principle of theoretical saturation. Collecting the required information was done with in-depth semi-structured interviews and their analysis was done with the Colaizzi's model. Findings: The analysis of information led to the emergence of three general topics of prerequisites, bases and necessary conditions (with 4 subcategories of marriage goals, religious and human values, resources and facilities, economic and social factors and conditions), technical factors and executive (with 4 sub-categories of supporting young people, guarantees, marriage parties and holding ceremonies) and works and results of easy marriage (with 2 sub-categories of primary works and results and secondary works and results)along with 90 sub-themes and 218 general concepts became. Conclusion:The examination of the requirements and solutions for the realization of easy marriage shows that the realization of this requires all-round cooperation and a jihad movement by public institutions and people, which is the basis for increasing the marriage rate on the one hand and strengthening the family foundation on the other hand.And it can be a useful model in various aspects of life, helping young people and families. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
115 - Identifying effective and determining dimensions and components in designing a model of occupational safety and health management system in Iranian government organizations
esmaeil kahoori pour Aflatoon Amiri Saeed SayadiThe purpose of this study is to identify the effective dimensions and components in designing a model of occupational safety and health management system for Iranian government organizations..This research is applied research and it is among the applications of developm MoreThe purpose of this study is to identify the effective dimensions and components in designing a model of occupational safety and health management system for Iranian government organizations..This research is applied research and it is among the applications of developmental research. The statistical population of this study consists of two groups. The first group consisted of 30 experts and the second group consisted of all employees of governmental organizations in Kerman province with 77528 persons that the sample size in this area was determined using Cochran formula of 384 individuals. The research instrument is a researcher-made questionnaire whose validity has been approved by experts and its reliability has been confirmed as such reliability of elements of organization space 0.994, management and leadership 0.738, planning and organization 0.779, deployment and implementation 0.971, evaluation 0.785 and the revision and improvement is 0.939. Data were analyzed using SPSS software and Smart Pls.The above-mentioned research model also shows that all elements include organizational space, management and leadership, planning and organizing, deployment and implementation, evaluation and revision, and action to improve have a significant impact on occupational safety and health management system and all components except integration have significant impact on deployment and implementation elements.Comprehensibly, this model can be used as a tool for empowering managers with the knowledge of the occupational health and safety management system and its deployment in government agencies Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
116 - The Simultaneous Equation Model Based on the Generalized Maximum Entropy Method for Studying the Effect of Managerial Factors on Operation of Investment of Kermanshah Province’s Productive Companies
Adel Fatemi Hamid Reza Mostafaei Behnaz Karami Farzad NazemiThe paper aims at studying the effect of efficient economic factors on the operation of investment. Existing communications between managerial factors and economic function have been studied by simultaneous equation model based on the estimated method of Generalized Max MoreThe paper aims at studying the effect of efficient economic factors on the operation of investment. Existing communications between managerial factors and economic function have been studied by simultaneous equation model based on the estimated method of Generalized Maximum Entropy. Some comparisons have been also made between estimated methods of Generalized Maximum Entropy, Partial Least Squares and Maximum Likelihood Estimation on 40 productive companies of Kermanshah province. Examining the achieved consequences in the following research, the results show more advantages and fewer errors of the Generalized Maximum Entropy method in comparison with common methods of Partial Least Squares and Maximum Likelihood Estimation which are proven with more limits and errors. Consequently, this method can be a reliable and appropriate replacement for estimating factors of regression and errors in the Generalized Maximum Entropy. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
117 - A Comprehensive Performance Evaluation of the Customs Department Using the Balanced Scorecard (Case Study: West Azerbaijan, Kermanshah and Kurdistan Provinces)
Mohammad NazaripourThe current paper aimed at utilizing the Balanced Scorecard (BSC) framework in evaluating the Customs Department in West Azerbaijan, Kermanshah and Kurdistan provinces of Iran. The BSC evaluates organization in terms of financial performance, customer satisfaction, inte MoreThe current paper aimed at utilizing the Balanced Scorecard (BSC) framework in evaluating the Customs Department in West Azerbaijan, Kermanshah and Kurdistan provinces of Iran. The BSC evaluates organization in terms of financial performance, customer satisfaction, internal process, and growth and organization learning. Financial performance was measured by examining revenues, expenditures, and the ratio of customs revenues to total local revenues for the period (2007-2011). Regarding the customer perspective, a random sample of (384) customers of clearance customs was selected. The customers were asked to fill out a survey that measured their level of satisfaction about the Customs Department in regards to providing services and procedures. In addition, a random sample consisted of (280) of the employees of Customs Department in these provinces was chosen to fill out the survey regarding their assessment of the internal process and growth and organization learning perspectives of the BSC. The findings reported that the financial performance of Customs Department was negative for the whole study period (2007-2011) in terms of the number of Rials collected, revenues minus expenditures, and customs revenues as a share of total local revenues. Clearance customs customers reported a suitable satisfaction level toward the customs services and procedures. Analysis showed that customs employees had a suitable level of satisfaction toward both internal process and growth and organization learning of the BSC’s dimensions. The analysis revealed that West Azerbaijan province was better than Kermanshah and Kurdistan provinces in all perspectives of BSC. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
118 - تشریح جایگاه آتش در میان جامعۀ کُرد مطالعۀ موردپژوهانه: استان کرمانشاه
توران محمدی مسعود باوان پوریدر فرهنگ مردم ایران زمین همواره آتش تقدس داشته و گرامی و عزیز شمرده شده است. از زمان باستان تا قبل از اسلام و نیز تا زمان کنونی، این عنصر در میان کردها مورد احترام بوده است. جامعۀ اهل حق (یارستان) نیز از مردمان کردزبانی هستند که در گذشته در مناطق بیشتری از ایران بوده ام Moreدر فرهنگ مردم ایران زمین همواره آتش تقدس داشته و گرامی و عزیز شمرده شده است. از زمان باستان تا قبل از اسلام و نیز تا زمان کنونی، این عنصر در میان کردها مورد احترام بوده است. جامعۀ اهل حق (یارستان) نیز از مردمان کردزبانی هستند که در گذشته در مناطق بیشتری از ایران بوده امّا امروزه بیشتر آنها در غرب شهرستان اسلام آبادغرب (از توابع استان کرمانشاه) و در شهرستان دالاهو و بخش گهواره و نیز در شهرستان صحنه زندگی میکنند. قربانی کردن، چهارشنبهسوری، جشن سده، اسفند سوزاندن و خاکستر آتش از مواردی است که بر جایگاه رفیع آتش در میان کردها دلالت دارد. توجه به زایایی آتش و تقدس آن در کنار استفاده از اسفند به جهت تبرک و حتی بهرهگیری از خاکستر در جهت بیان عزا، از دیگر موارد استفاده از آتش در میان جامعه اهل حق (یارستان) است. مقالۀ حاضر میکوشد با استفاده از روش توصیفی- تحلیلی به بررسی جایگاه آتش در میان مردمان مناطق مختلف کرمانشاه بپردازند. Manuscript profile -
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119 - Investigating the binary oppositions in the Works of Houshang Moradi Kermani and Hans Christian Andersen
neda noorpisheh ahmad tahan farzaneh mozafarianRecognition of the child and the world of childhood depends on the recognition of the social, economic, and moral factors of society and, given the different infrastructure in each society, the definition of childhood will also be different. The child's literature, in p MoreRecognition of the child and the world of childhood depends on the recognition of the social, economic, and moral factors of society and, given the different infrastructure in each society, the definition of childhood will also be different. The child's literature, in particular the story, with its particular style and method of teaching, guides its audience towards knowledge, insight, method and direction, shapes the world and finds its personality and individuality. Plays a major role. For the progress of narration and story, personality must come from action to another. It is only through the confrontation that the narrative is created, and therefore the characters and their actions must be examined in double contrasts. Conceptual structures here and in this study are dual structures and opposites that are the opposites of good and evil, bad and good, etc., which is observed throughout the Persian discourse. The structuralist study of the writings of the two writers suggests that the poor are struggling to escape from the conditions, but eventually his situation does not change much. The bondage and slavery of the poor class are also common features of these works. The use of force, violence and the offensive tone of the wealthy class are among the common features of the writings of these two writers. The research is progressing to the conceptual structures of dual contrasts in three works by Houshang Moradi Kermani and three works by Hans Christian Andersen The author of this study uses descriptive-analytical method and library-documentary resources. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
120 - An Analysis into Homay's journey to China in Homay and Homayoun poems by Khaju Kermani based on the ancient theory of the "The Hero's journey" by Joseph Campbell
Parvane fereydooni morteza razaghpoorArt and literature have a special place in Campbell's mythology, which is one of the most important study objects. Single myth is one of the mythological methods in the field of literature and art, both in the field of creation and in the field of understanding. Critics MoreArt and literature have a special place in Campbell's mythology, which is one of the most important study objects. Single myth is one of the mythological methods in the field of literature and art, both in the field of creation and in the field of understanding. Critics turn to a single myth to understand the works created in this way. Campbell has been more involved with literature than any other art. The ancient model of Hero's Journey by Campbell is written on three general lines of narrative- separation, arrival, and return, along with seventeen sub-categories, which ultimately pave the way for the hero's psychological development.The present study is a analytic-comparative study that was conducted in the statistical population of Homay and Homayoun poems, and analyzed Homay's journey to China based on Joseph Campbell's "Hero's Journey" theory. And the result of the study indicates that at the end of the journey, the hero has reached a psychological development and self-knowledge and gained identity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
121 - The study of religious, ethical and social teachings in works of Houshang Moradi Kermani
Zahra Heidarpour Zahra Nasr Esfahani Hossein MasjediSince religious, ethical, and social teachings are very important and effective in creating the stability of personality and social life, proper education and dissemination is essential. Houshang Moradi Kermani, a powerful and contemporary Iranian writer, is one of the MoreSince religious, ethical, and social teachings are very important and effective in creating the stability of personality and social life, proper education and dissemination is essential. Houshang Moradi Kermani, a powerful and contemporary Iranian writer, is one of the committed writers who have paid special attention to teaching these teachings in his works. He introduced the lessons of religion and ethics in the form of satire and more indirectly to children and adolescents. This has attracted their attention to ethical patterns. This research studies the religious, ethical and social doctrines in the writings of this author. This article is done by reading and analyzing it. In conclusion, the results of this study are mentioned. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
122 - Stylistics scrutiny of Vahdat Kermanshahi's odes
Masood sepahvandi Alireza Shahrestani Seyyed Arman Hosseini AbbarikiOne of the most grand poet and Gnostic of 13 century was (Tahmasb khan) he called by (Vahdat Kermanshahi). He born in the west of the country. Almost the reason of his fame was by composing a pure theosophy odes. That is include purport, like: love & pantheism. Ther MoreOne of the most grand poet and Gnostic of 13 century was (Tahmasb khan) he called by (Vahdat Kermanshahi). He born in the west of the country. Almost the reason of his fame was by composing a pure theosophy odes. That is include purport, like: love & pantheism. Therefore that Vahdat Kermanshahi have a serious role in creation contemporary literature of Kermanshah and design, literature style of this area. So, in this inquiry, whole effort will be for scrutiny his odes by stylistics point. The method of work is scrutiny his odes in 3 level. Verbal level (phonetic, lexical, syntactic), mental level, literary level. Also try to show the matters how make a notability in his poetic language. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
123 - A comparative study of the relationship between organizational culture and organizational health in Iran's state-owned companies in order to provide a suitable model
Mehran Darya Gholi Beighi alireza manzari tavakoli sanjar salajeghe Ayob sheikhyThis research was conducted with the aim of comparative investigation of the relationship between organizational culture and organizational health in Iran's state-owned companies in order to provide a suitable model. First, the components of each of the variables w MoreThis research was conducted with the aim of comparative investigation of the relationship between organizational culture and organizational health in Iran's state-owned companies in order to provide a suitable model. First, the components of each of the variables were identified according to library studies and then confirmed using experts' opinions. According to the purpose, this research was developmental-applicative. The data collection method was a combination of library and field studies. First, the components of organizational culture were identified through library studies and confirmed by using the Delphi method and asking the opinions of research experts. The statistical population of this research includes two groups of experts and employees of the Gas, Water and Urban Wastewater Company of Kerman province. One-sample t-test, two-sample t-test and structural equation modeling were used to check the hypotheses. 25 spss and Smart pls3 software were used for data analysis. The results of the comparison showed that from the point of view of the experts, the components in the two statistical communities were not different, and with the same components, the organizational culture in the two companies can be measured, but the organizational culture in the two companies had a significant difference. Also, the results showed that there was a positive relationship between the organizational culture and its components: collaborative culture, identity culture, adaptability culture, mission culture and organizational health in the city gas and water and sewage company of Kerman province. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
124 - Evaluation of Kermanshah urban train project based on sustainable urban transportation system
rojin marzi seyedeh sepideh ghalamro Golshan abbasporTransportation system is one of the main parts of a city. Policy monitoring and planning of urban transportation systems based on sustainable urban transportation system are the basic needs of transportation projects, which are considered to be the concern of developed MoreTransportation system is one of the main parts of a city. Policy monitoring and planning of urban transportation systems based on sustainable urban transportation system are the basic needs of transportation projects, which are considered to be the concern of developed countries. The aim of this study is to evaluate the project of the city of Kermanshah on the basis of sustainable urban transportation system. The research method in this study is the kind of survey method using a questionnaire and is considered one of the applied research. Statistical population of this study is citizen of Kermanshah and sample size of 384 people. Sampling method is available in this study. The validity of the data collection tool according to Cronbach's alpha test was confirmed by 91. To analyze the data of this study, SPSS and AMOS are used and data analysis has been used to analyze the nature of hypotheses using t - test and first - order confirmatory factor model. The results of this study showed that the city train of Kermanshah province does not cover any of the indicators and dimensions of the sustainable urban transportation system and the numbers obtained in its analysis range from the standard limit definition. In dimension of urban landscape, citizens view the least damage to the city, and then public participation and consideration of citizens as users of space are at the lowest in the situation. According to the analysis by researchers, the city train project of Kermanshah in terms of urban landscape is also in a good condition and will cause the identity of the city identity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
125 - Evaluation of architectural principles in accordance with architectural creations adjacent to valuable buildings, in order to Promoting Urban Identity (Case Study: Traditional Markets of Kerman)
Najmeh Mehrabi reza ahmadian Iraj EtesamIn the present study, the principles of architecture in accordance with the architectural creations adjacent to valuable buildings were evaluated in order to promote urban identity in the traditional markets of Kerman. This research is cross-sectional in terms of explor MoreIn the present study, the principles of architecture in accordance with the architectural creations adjacent to valuable buildings were evaluated in order to promote urban identity in the traditional markets of Kerman. This research is cross-sectional in terms of exploratory-descriptive purpose, in terms of qualitative data type, in terms of field implementation, in terms of survey method and in terms of time. The statistical population of the study includes all managers and employees of Kerman Cultural Heritage Organization as well as tourists of valuable historical buildings in Kerman, especially traditional markets. In this study, a simple random sampling method was used to select a statistical sample. 65 samples were obtained for managers and employees of the Kerman Cultural Heritage Organization and 165 samples were obtained for tourists in traditional markets of Kerman and a total of 230 samples. Findings showed that at 95% confidence level of modern structural systems and facilities, creating spatial transparency, climatic characteristics and preserving the values of the region have a significant effect on architectural creations adjacent to valuable buildings in traditional markets of Kerman; But the combination of new technologies with indigenous forms does not have a significant effect on architectural creations adjacent to valuable buildings in the traditional markets of Kerman. Also, the principles of matching architecture and neighboring architecture have a significant effect on urban identity. Therefore, the results show that although the use of technology and implementation of all technical, engineering and logical criteria resulting from the achievements of experimental sciences in construction, has been done well in the architecture adjacent to valuable buildings in traditional Kerman markets, but the use of architectural creativity in a variety of geometries Respect and caution in how to deal with nature, full utilization of diverse climatic conditions, valuing indigenous culture have been forgotten. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
126 - The paradigmatic model of realizing the blood culture of peace in line with peace and compromise and reducing crime among ethnic groups
Ahmad Abbasi Darehbidi tayebeh zareie Maryam MohebbipourThe phenomenon of "peace blood" is one of the methods of peace and compromise and one of the important solutions in order to reduce crime and maintain unity and cohesion among ethnic groups. The purpose of the present research is to investigate the fields of realizing t MoreThe phenomenon of "peace blood" is one of the methods of peace and compromise and one of the important solutions in order to reduce crime and maintain unity and cohesion among ethnic groups. The purpose of the present research is to investigate the fields of realizing the blood culture of peace in human interactions in the direction of peace and reconciliation between ethnic groups and crime reduction. The approach of interpretative-constructive research and its qualitative method is based on data theory as the foundation for data analysis. Sampling is available and among people with master's degree and above in a theoretical way due to data saturation. In order to collect data, a semi-structured interview was conducted with 22 elites of Kermanshah province. The findings of the research included 340 primary concepts, 67 sub-themes and 18 main themes, the core category of which is "realization of the blood culture of peace" according to causal conditions (4 themes), contextual conditions (5 themes), intervening conditions (4 theme), strategies (4 themes), consequences (2 themes) were created and the final model of the research was presented. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
127 - An Analysis of Water Pollution in Kerman Province Based on Damage and Problems
anis poorkhosravaniThis study was conducted to investigate water policies in Kerman province from the perspective of pathology and analysis of the problems caused by these policies. The method of choice for this research is descriptive-analytic method using interactive-participatory plann MoreThis study was conducted to investigate water policies in Kerman province from the perspective of pathology and analysis of the problems caused by these policies. The method of choice for this research is descriptive-analytic method using interactive-participatory planning theory. Two issues have been raised in relation to the topic of research. First, what are the problems and damages to the province in the province of Kerman? And secondly, what are the weaknesses of these policies? In the end, the result is that unilateral water policies and the lack of the spirit of interaction and participation among policy makers and managers in the area of water resources with other sectors and areas affected by these policies have increased the province's problems in the areas And damage to water resources and other water resources related parts Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
128 - Local Geographical Writings in Qājār Kerman: Joghrāfiāy-e Eyālat-e Kermān Dar Ahd-e Nāseri by Monshi Kermani
mohammad khodaverdiIn Qajar Iran, the Nseri era, special attention was paid to the geography of the Provinces of Iran, which led to the writing of the "Naseri collection". One of the books of this geographic collection Joghrāfiāy-e Eyālat-e Kermān Dar Ahd-e Nāseri by Monshi Kermani, a cla MoreIn Qajar Iran, the Nseri era, special attention was paid to the geography of the Provinces of Iran, which led to the writing of the "Naseri collection". One of the books of this geographic collection Joghrāfiāy-e Eyālat-e Kermān Dar Ahd-e Nāseri by Monshi Kermani, a clan with a record in the Kerman bureaucracy, wrote about 1267 AD. The author, based on the documents and Administrative Letters, travels and views and heard, describes the great state of Kerman on the basis of geographic quadrants in eighteen blocks. The book, which is a climatic and local geography, contains numerous descriptions and reports of the physical positioning of cities and urban, rural and nomadic life in Kerman at that time. From the reports, the information and statistics of this book can be used in the study of the socio-economic history of the Kerman Province during the Qajar period and on some of its blind spots. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
129 - Analysis the relation between organizational learning culture, culture of innovative and invention in Kerman Food Industries Case Study: Zamzam, Oil and Pegah companies
Hosin Rezaei Dolatabadi Omid Baharestan Mohamad Mohamadi Sadr Background: In this paper the concept of organizational learning culture is defined as a set of norms and values about the functioning of an organization. These norms and values should support systematic, in-depth approaches aimed at achieving higher-level or More Background: In this paper the concept of organizational learning culture is defined as a set of norms and values about the functioning of an organization. These norms and values should support systematic, in-depth approaches aimed at achieving higher-level organizational learning. The elements of an organizational learning process that we used are information acquisition, information interpretation, and behavioral and cognitive changes. On the other hand, constructs of comprising innovativeness are innovative culture and innovations, which are made of technical and administrative innovations. Purpose: The main aim of this research is to propose and test a model of innovativeness development based on the effect of organizational learning culture in the Kerman food industries. Method: This research was an applied one by aim and descriptive and post-facto by methodology. From 629 professional and administrative of Zamzam companies' staff (Oil and Pegah) of Kerman Province, 238 people were selected stratified randomly. The data gathered from the questionnaire used and analyzed statistically. Result (s): The results showed that information, data interpretation, behavioral and cognitive changes and innovative culture only affect indirectly administrative innovations. Further, technical innovation is directly affected. Conclusion: These results and its implications are discussed. At the end, the proposal is presented. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
130 - Study the relationship between organizational culture and components of organizational entrepreneurship (case of Kermanshah's Agri-Jahad Organization)
A. H. Papzan H. Heydary R. Karami DarabkhaniBackground: Innovation and entrepreneurship for sustainable development and sublimity in Islamic Republic of Iran requires the scientific, logical, dynamic, comprehensive and continuous approach in the Iran’s 20-Year Perspective Document. Objective: The main purpo MoreBackground: Innovation and entrepreneurship for sustainable development and sublimity in Islamic Republic of Iran requires the scientific, logical, dynamic, comprehensive and continuous approach in the Iran’s 20-Year Perspective Document. Objective: The main purpose of this descriptive-survey research is to investigate the impact of organizational culture on organizational entrepreneurship's components in Kermanshah's Aagri-Jahad organization. Method: The research statistical community included the total employees of the Kermanshah's Agri-Jahad Organization (n=270). Using random simple sampling method, 162 members were chosen by Krejcie-Morgan table. In order to collect the data, two questionnaires were used: a) organizational entrepreneurship questionnaire made by the researcher and b) organizational culture standard questionnaires of Cameron and Quinn. Results: The collected data were analyzed using both the descriptive and inferential methods (Pearson correlation coefficient, simple regression. The results showed that there is positive and significant relationship between organizational culture and components of organizational entrepreneurship and the dominant culture in Kermanshah's Agri-Jahad organization is a hierarchical culture. Conclusion: This study provides some implications in order to enhance organizational culture and entrepreneurship in the context of Kermanshah's Agri-Jahad Organization. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
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Fahimeh Ebrahim Moghdam Ahmad AbasnegadThe purpose of this study is zonation of landslide in Kerman province with Fuzzy and AHP models. In this study in order to obtain hazard zonation map, 7 factors were studied. This factors in GIS software were mapped and then classified and weighted. These maps were over MoreThe purpose of this study is zonation of landslide in Kerman province with Fuzzy and AHP models. In this study in order to obtain hazard zonation map, 7 factors were studied. This factors in GIS software were mapped and then classified and weighted. These maps were overlapped with the landslide distribution map,until the role of landslides distribution to be determined. Finally, the 7 factors including slope, Seismicity, lithology, Drainage density, Morphology, Precipitation, Land use were identified as factors influencing in landslides the basin. The maps the landslide hazard zonation was prepared based on these 7 factors and the methods of AHP and Fuzzy Gamma operator 0.7, 0.8 and 0.9 in GIS. Also the index of Quality sum (Qs) were used for evaluation of the accuracy of zonation maps. The results of the evaluation of the maps showed that the amount the indices Qs for AHP model is equal to 2.31 and for Fuzzy Gamma operator, it would be 0.7, 0.8 and 0.9 respectively 4.05,1.85,3.27. Therefore, it is concluded that the operator the Fuzzy gamma would be 0.7 compared to other methods. So it is better for utilization in the landslide hazard zonation in in Kerman province Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
132 - Geomorphology indicators, active tectonic and seismicity of Lut and Jazmourian basins in Kerman province (SE Iran)
Fatemeh Milan Majid NematiKerman Province is one of the seismic regions of Iran, which has many faults with different trends. Therefore, addressing the issue of tectonic and seismicity in this province can be useful in various fields such as crisis management. In this research, we used topograph MoreKerman Province is one of the seismic regions of Iran, which has many faults with different trends. Therefore, addressing the issue of tectonic and seismicity in this province can be useful in various fields such as crisis management. In this research, we used topographic maps, geological maps, aerial photos, satellite imagery and seismic catalogs of the Institute of Geophysics of the University of Tehran. In this way, the active tectonics of Kerman province in the Lut and Jazmurian basins and their relations with the seismicity of this province were examined. From geomorphic indicators such as longitudinal river gradient (SL), drainage asymmetry index (AF), topographic symmetry factor (T) and index and basin shape ratio (BS) has been used to determine the tectonic condition of the basins. Although, using the Relative Ratio Index tectonic activity (lat) in the tectonic of each basin was determined that both basins are active, but their tectonic activity is not the same. Shahdad basin has high to moderate activity and Jazmurian basin has a low activity. Also, in order to investigation of active tectonic of the province, geomorphic quantitative indicators were also used. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
133 - Determining the rate of drought meteorological and hydrological condition in Kerman province
محمود Salari اصغر TabibianAlthough kerman, as a part of Iran Plateu, has a dry to very dry climate, few changeshappen in its climate due to some factors including height, humidity and weather frontsenter this region; in this case, dry and rarely mediterianian climates can be seen inheights of La MoreAlthough kerman, as a part of Iran Plateu, has a dry to very dry climate, few changeshappen in its climate due to some factors including height, humidity and weather frontsenter this region; in this case, dry and rarely mediterianian climates can be seen inheights of Lalehzar and Jabalbarez Mountains. To determine metropoligical drought,Kerman Province has been divided into suitable sub-basins and Regional EvaluationStatistical Distribution Method has been used. Moreover, Regional Evaluation has beenexamined using Standard Distribution Index, arithmetical mean and ratio median.In thissurvey Rainfall stations with suitable distribution with a long period of meteorologicaldrought statistics between 1968-2007 for 39 years are selected.the surveys showed thatthe drought period in Kerman is longer that wet year period.More over by selecting 4index hydrometry stations with acceptable statistics and generalizing to four region ofKavir lut,Jazmorian,Daranjir desert,Sirjan Abarghoo desert were determined.Since the1999-2000 Kerman region entered drought hydrological situation that continued till2007-08 and the surface runoff production inadequancy rate to the long period.averagewere determined to 18 billion cubic meters, and the years of 1968-69, 1999-2000, 2005-06, 2007-08 were the driest years and in most years, some portious of state had bearedsome drought with different return period. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
134 - Hidden ideologies in Kerman folk tales and legends from the perspective of critical networking
Helma Mahmoudi Amjazi . Abolghasem Radfar Dr,Hamid TabasiFolk tales are regarded all over the world as a great cultural backbone and a subset of popular culture in various societies; for this reason; Many thinkers have made efforts to collect and preserve this precious heritage. In Iran, indigenous culture is the basis of gre MoreFolk tales are regarded all over the world as a great cultural backbone and a subset of popular culture in various societies; for this reason; Many thinkers have made efforts to collect and preserve this precious heritage. In Iran, indigenous culture is the basis of great ideas to which the literature of this land owes. Kerman province has stored a large part of this culture in its historical chest. Kerman, considering its vastness and historical antiquity of several thousand years, is considered the origin of a large part of popular culture; The rich and fruitful culture that is specific to this region and is considered a precious treasure from the customs of previous generations. In the present study, the author uses a descriptive-analytical method to study the ideologies hidden in the stories and myths of contemporary Kerman and to analyze the five ideologies of luck, travel, oppression, marriage and the destruction of rivals in myths. This study seeks to show how the creators of myths have expressed their ideas and to what extent the readers and listeners of the story are subconsciously shaped by the ideology that dominates the myths and legends and their social behaviors. The result is that ideology is reflected as the characters in the story object to the status quo and express their dreams and aspirations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
135 - Ancient Analysis of Mystical Patterns and Symbols in Divine hayati Kermani Approach to Jung's Psychological Theory
Mohammad Sanjari Nejad . Abolghasem RadfarArcheological criticism is a new way of examining literary texts. Jung has further consolidated this approach by critiquing and describing the two categories of collective unconscious and archangel. Archangels are a common heritage of human civilization stored in the co MoreArcheological criticism is a new way of examining literary texts. Jung has further consolidated this approach by critiquing and describing the two categories of collective unconscious and archangel. Archangels are a common heritage of human civilization stored in the collective unconscious. Jung's exemplary forms are termed fixed in Islamic mysticism. According to Jung, archetypes are symbolic representations and images that, in myths and cultures, embody common and similar concepts in the human unconscious over time. Persian poetry is influenced by historical, mystical, and mythical backgrounds. The influence of these elements on the poetry of later poets can be seen more than any other period because of the popularity of today's poetry. Poetry and myth are inseparable, and myth makes words and poetry flourish. hayaty of abstract and intuitive ideas is derived from the mystical teachings of earlier poets. In the divane hayaty in addition to the key role of the symbols, the normative and delusional allusions are most effective in highlighting the passages, and in his poetry, archetypes are rooted in collective unconsciousness. In this poem, with interpretation and interpretation, the poet recounts part of the truth, and archetypes such as fire, sun, mirror, sea, travel, interpretation and interpretation have been interpreted. The main purpose of this descriptive-analytical research is to examine the reflection of mythical, religious and mystical elements in hayaty Kerman's poems. Manuscript profile -
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136 - ارزیابی و دقتسنجی روشهای زمین آماری در برآورد سطح بهینه ایستابی آبهای زیرزمینی، مطالعه موردی: شمالغرب دشت کرمانشاه
محمد رستمی -
Open Access Article
137 - Modifications in Green Spaces of Kerman, Using Landsat Images Time Series (2000 - 2018)
Hamid Soltaninejad Soroush Khalili Zahra Shahi Mohammad Taghi RazavianThe explosion of the population and the development of cities in the last century have caused many problems, including the destruction of agricultural lands and green spaces, which is the subject of our discussion in this study. The city of Kerman has seen rapid growth MoreThe explosion of the population and the development of cities in the last century have caused many problems, including the destruction of agricultural lands and green spaces, which is the subject of our discussion in this study. The city of Kerman has seen rapid growth in recent years in the city's physical development, with its direct reflection of the loss of green spaces in and around the city. With the help of Landsat images and comparison of land use maps, it is clear that this trend has been rising rapidly between 2000 and 2018. In this research, data gathering was done through field observations and use of Landsat satellite imagery. ENVI, ArcGIS and Google Earth softwares have been used for statistical and visual analyzes. On satellite images in the ENVI software, radiometric correction was performed using Radiometric Calibration, and then by FLAASH Atmospheric Correction, an atmospheric correction was performed to minimize the error. The results show that over the years, almost 11% have been reduced from the share of agricultural lands and wastelands and by contrast, the share of land that has been built has increased the same amount. Therefore, it is possible to make suggestions including the use of infill development for the conservation of agricultural lands, the completion of the green belt of Kerman city by the municipality, construction on the arid lands in the 2nd district of Kerman, preventing land speculation, and fully comply with the rules of comprehensive and detailed plans, especially on urban green spaces. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
138 - Anar Caravanserai, Kerman
Mohammad Hossein Azizi Kharanaghi Sahar Darvish Khezri Sepideh Jamshidi Yeganeh Afshin AkbariCaravanserai has played a key role in the growth and prosperity of trade, the expansion of cultural relations and the spread of traditions, and the creation of cultural recognition and understanding throughout the history of Iran. The creation of a wide network of carav MoreCaravanserai has played a key role in the growth and prosperity of trade, the expansion of cultural relations and the spread of traditions, and the creation of cultural recognition and understanding throughout the history of Iran. The creation of a wide network of caravanserais in Iran with special architecture and influenced by the climate and environment has become a vital solution for the creation, expansion, and integration of business networks inside Iran, and this has been important since the Safavid era with the construction of caravanserais known as Shah Abbasi. The special architecture of caravanserais and their importance and place in the history of Iranian architecture is such that in 2023, 56 Iranian caravanserais were registered in the list of world heritage sites. Kerman province is one of the richest provinces of Iran in terms of sequence and historical sequence and significant historical monuments, which has a special place in archaeological studies and architectural history; unfortunately, its northern areas, especially Anar district, have received less attention from archaeologists and researchers in the field of cultural heritage In 2019, Anar city was investigated archeologically and 120 artifacts were identified. Historical buildings had an important place among these, and the two caravanserais of Astana and Bayaz are identified in this survey, which will be introduced below. These two caravanserais belong to the Safavid period and have been completely restored and renovated in different periods, especially in the Qajar period and in the contemporary period. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
139 - Identification of the resistant bacterial strains from Kermanshah oil wastewater based on molecular 16S rDNA PCR ssequencing and the investigation of their growth in different chromium concentration
Sepideh Khodamoradi Ramin AbiriThe present study was conducted to identify the resistant bacterial strains from Kermanshah oil wastewater based on molecular 16S rDNA PCR sequencing and the investigation of their growth in different chromium concentration. To identify 16S rDNS, 94 samples were isolate MoreThe present study was conducted to identify the resistant bacterial strains from Kermanshah oil wastewater based on molecular 16S rDNA PCR sequencing and the investigation of their growth in different chromium concentration. To identify 16S rDNS, 94 samples were isolated from Kermanshah oil wastewater. Sequencing the best strain for most removal was conducted. Bactria were identified by morphology, Gram staining, Biochemical tests, Standard microbiology. Cr (VI) was incubated in the concentrations of 25, 50, 100 and 150 mg/ml for 96 h. The maximum Cr biosorption (0.35 ppm) was observed at 28°C and a pH=7.5-8. Biological oxygen demand was 126-530. The most isolates had a need from 7.2-7.90 for chemical oxygen demand. Based on obtained results, Klebsiella variicola, Bacillus aerius, Bacillus stratosphericus and Lysinibacillus fusiformis were most resistant strains. Bacteria growth was higher in control, 25, 50, 100 and 150 mg, respectively. All the bacteria showed a fix growth after 72h. Considering high resistant of Klebsiella variicola, Bacillus aerius, Bacillus stratosphericus and Lysinibacillus fusiformis, the strains can be used for bioremediation of chromium and decreasing aontaminations, especially in oil refinery. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
140 - Investigating the distribution status of Large -scaled Rock Agama (Laudakia nupta) in Kermanshah province by using Ensemble method
Mina EsmaeiliIntroduction: To implement management plans in the landscape, it is necessary to examine the range of distribution and the approximate range of distribution of different plant and animal species. Kermanshah province plays an important role in the west of the country wit MoreIntroduction: To implement management plans in the landscape, it is necessary to examine the range of distribution and the approximate range of distribution of different plant and animal species. Kermanshah province plays an important role in the west of the country with its unique topographical location and the presence of numerous habitats in terms of biodiversity. The aim of this study is to investigate the distribution status and analyze the fators affecting the distribution of Large -scaled Rock Agama (Laudakia nupta) in Kermanshah province.Materials and Methods: In this study, in order to investigate the range of distribution of Large -scaled Rock Agama (Laudakia nupta), field surveys were carried out in the province and different habitats of this species during the years 2018 to 2020. Then, using the species presence data and the considered habitat variables, the modeling steps were done with the help of Ensemble modeling. In this regard, 76 species presence points along with climatic variables, vegetation and precipitation were included in the distribution models. The AUC criterion was used to the importance of variables and data integration criteria.Results: The results indicated that modeling was successful for both single and Ensemble models. According to the forecast in Kermanshah province, the distribution of species is most influenced by soil organic carbon, vegetation cover, and altitude.Conclusion: The findings of this research show that parts of the habitat that correspond to the presence of altitudes are contiguous suitability and there are areas of the habitat that are fragmented in the southeast of the province. The higher parts of the north-west of the province are not suitable for the presence of the species, which could be due to the presence of Caucasian agama (Laudakia caucasia). Manuscript profile -
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141 - آسیب شناسی ساخت روگذرهای شهری بر فضای فیزیکی و کالبدی شهربا استفاده از GIS (مطالعه موردی: روگذرهای نه گانه شهر کرمان)
حسین غضنفرپور حمیده افشارمنش مسلم قاسمی -
Open Access Article
142 - بررسی روند گسترش کالبدی- فضایی شهر کرمان با استفاده از مدلهای آنتروپی شانون و هلدرن
محسن ایلاقی حسینی رامین نوحی امیرمهیم مهیمی -
Open Access Article
143 - آسیب شناسی کالبدی ، کارکردی بازارهای تاریخی و قدیمی (نمونه موردی کلانشهر کرمانشاه)
لیلا ابراهیمی علیرضا شیخ الاسلامی -
Open Access Article
144 - ارزیابی تقسیمات محله ای شهر کرمان در راستای مدیریت یکپارچه شهری
حمیده افشارمنش -
Open Access Article
145 - ارزیابی و سنجش وضعیت نابرابری توسعه در شهرستانهای استان کرمانشاه با تأکید بر شاخص اقتصادی
فتح الله ویسی ناب -
Open Access Article
146 - سنجش میزان رضایت مندی شهروندان از عملکرد شهرداری در حوزه خدمات شهری مطالعه موردی: منطقه 4 شهرداری کرمانشاه
سعید امانپور سعید ملکی محمدحسن رستمی -
Open Access Article
147 - rfg
mokhtar arefi shokoh navabi nezhhad abdallah shfiabadi alireza kiamaneshhfghhfgh Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
148 - Investigating the role and position of Road Atbat in the religious and social developments of Kermanshahs in the Qajar era
Ghobad Radeh mohamadghorban kiyany Seyed Mohammad Sheikh Ahmadi sajjad DadfarWith the rise of the Qajar dynasty and due to their religious tendencies, the shrines and pilgrimages gained a special place. The rulers of Kermanshah, following the policies of the central government in Tehran, devoted a part of their governance measures to the path of MoreWith the rise of the Qajar dynasty and due to their religious tendencies, the shrines and pilgrimages gained a special place. The rulers of Kermanshah, following the policies of the central government in Tehran, devoted a part of their governance measures to the path of highness and pilgrims and related issues.This research aims to answer this question by using the historical research method which is based on description and analysis, what is the role and place of the Way of Atabat in the social and religious developments of Kermanshah? And how did it lead to important changes in the social and religioussituation of this city?The findings of the present research show that the actions of the Qajar kings and the rulers of Kermanshah to create security on the way to the tombs and also to create mosques and takayas and caravanserais for the well-being of pilgrims led to the expansion of pilgrims in this geography and considering that religious scholars, merchants and princes along with Ordinary people were important people among the pilgrims, the good interactions between them and the rulers and people of Kermanshah led to the permanent residence of some of them, and the formation of the clerical class and merchants took place from that time, and this caused social and religious changes in Kermanshah. It is possible to mention the strengthening of the discourse and religion of Shia in opposition to other religions and religious minorities, as well as the tendencies of constitutionalism in it. Manuscript profile -
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149 - The Historian’s Activism in the Narration of Historical EventsThe Critical Insight of Nazim Al-Islam Kermani and Mehdi Malekzadeh in the Historiography of the Constitutional Event
golamreza vafaee mehr محبوبه sh aliakbar khedrizadehThe dated critical insight is one of the main elements of historiography and historian which is very clear in modern Iranian historiographyAlthough there has been more or less in the historiography of ancient historians, but. The present article seeks to assess the his MoreThe dated critical insight is one of the main elements of historiography and historian which is very clear in modern Iranian historiographyAlthough there has been more or less in the historiography of ancient historians, but. The present article seeks to assess the historiography of Nazem-Al-Islam Kermani and Mehdi Malekzadeh in the constitutional event with the aforementioned insight that is using the historical method. to understand the aim of study, we should answer the following question : What effect did the critical insight of the aforementioned historians have on their historical method in reflecting the constitutional event and the later developments ? The results of this research show that the above-mentioned historians are trying to move themselves far from one-sided historiography in two extends, first: criticism of the Qajar governors and rulers due to their inefficiency in the administration of the country and second: the mass of the people as the driving engine of the changes in the society. Analyze and explain the factors of the emergence of the constitution and the developments after it. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
150 - The Myth of Haftvad
shamsadin najmiIn the beginning of the Sassanid reign in Iran, a king who was appointed by the Parthians, ruled over Kajaran, a district in Bam. A man, who was the father to seven sons (vad), called Haftvad, lived in that territory. He came to a great fortune through the spell of a wo MoreIn the beginning of the Sassanid reign in Iran, a king who was appointed by the Parthians, ruled over Kajaran, a district in Bam. A man, who was the father to seven sons (vad), called Haftvad, lived in that territory. He came to a great fortune through the spell of a worm (kerm), until Artaxerxes decided to destroy him. Artaxerxes gathered a great army and headed for Kajaran or Kalalan (as cited in “Karnameh”). With the help of the traitorous courtiers he killed the worm, destroyed Haftvad, and set Bahram’s fire there; as a result, the name of the city Kerman has been related to kerm (worm). This study, firstly, presents the myth of Haftvad and its relation to Kerman and Bam and then proves that the name of Kerman has no connection to the kerm (worm) of Haftvad, and that the city has existed long before the formation of the myth Manuscript profile -
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151 - A survey of Kerman historical changes from arrival of Muslims to the end of the Caliphate of Imam Ali (pu)
Fakhri Zangi AbadiThe first encounter of Arab Muslems with the sassanid Army was during Zighar event which led to the Iranian defeat. This event was a prelude to the wars of Ghadassiya, jelula, Nehavanal and the last defeat of the sassanid Emperor and their entran MoreThe first encounter of Arab Muslems with the sassanid Army was during Zighar event which led to the Iranian defeat. This event was a prelude to the wars of Ghadassiya, jelula, Nehavanal and the last defeat of the sassanid Emperor and their entrance into different parts of Iran. With the defeat of the sassanids and after the flee of Yazdgird thzaugh Kerman to Khorasan. Muslims pursued him and to complete the conquest of Iran, they conquered Kerman in the time of Omar and Ossaman . atfirst, in the time of Omar, 23 After Higrat, this area was defeated by Abdollah Atban and Soheil ibnady .and then in the time of osseman (31.AH), Mayushe’ ibn massoud salmi was ordered by Abdollah ibn Amer to conquer it for the second time. After Arabs entered Kerman, and after their power was stable in Kerman, the influence region and the other ceremonies of the Zoroastrians in Kerman reduced. In this way the Zoroastrians became alliged to pay tributes to Muslims. In the time of Ali (pu)s Caliphate, Ziyad ibn Abih was appointed governor of Kerman by him. Manuscript profile -
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152 - Karim Khan Zand and Taqi Khan Yazdi
mohammad reza rhmariAfter the killing of Nadir shah (1160/1747), Karim Khan Zand trying to consolidate his authority in western Iran and its centre Isfahan engaged in 15 years severe wars with patents like Mohammad Hasan Khan Qajar and the Afghan Azad Khan. Meanwhile two border provinces i MoreAfter the killing of Nadir shah (1160/1747), Karim Khan Zand trying to consolidate his authority in western Iran and its centre Isfahan engaged in 15 years severe wars with patents like Mohammad Hasan Khan Qajar and the Afghan Azad Khan. Meanwhile two border provinces in that region, Yazd and Kirman, did not accept Khan Zand's authority: Kirman rebelled against him and in Yazd, the Bafqi Khan, known Taqi Khan Yazdi declared independence. Rebellion of the two provinces, especially Yazd, threatened Karim Khan's actual capital: Isfahan, also his authority all over his domain. After conquering Yazd, the Zand Khan in accordance with his main strategy: preventing the threat to Isfahan and consolidating his authority over the domain, reinstated Taqi Khan as governor of Yazd. Till now there isn't any independent research in this respect, and in this article, the writer , by profithing from the new studies and especially the main sources, tries to investigate the importance of Isfahan and western Iran in those days, the influence of Yazd on Wakil's control over that city and territory and especially Taqi Khan's role in this process. Let it not remain unsaid that besides strategic factors, economic considerations were influential in this respect too. Manuscript profile -
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153 - The Review of Sa'adi's place in intellectuals' thought in the Constitutional Era (Emphasizing of Theory MirzaAqa Khan Kermani)
abbas sarafrazi ali baghdardelgoshaThe purpose of this research is reviewing of Sa'adi's place and the extent of his influence on thoughts and the works of intellectual constitutional era with emphasis on the ideas of MirzaAqa Khan Kermani. Intellectualism that due to the more realistic attitude among co MoreThe purpose of this research is reviewing of Sa'adi's place and the extent of his influence on thoughts and the works of intellectual constitutional era with emphasis on the ideas of MirzaAqa Khan Kermani. Intellectualism that due to the more realistic attitude among contemporaries takes a different approach to study about Sa'adi. The importance of addressing this issue in the constitutional era, the reason is that in this era, intellectuals in addition to political and social criticism, for the first time via a modernizing approach also try to discussing on literary criticism. This study has been collected based on the historical evidences and descriptive - analytical method. This paper examines the influence of MirzaAqa Khan Kermani on Saadi's ideas, and show its imitation of Golestan book in writing Rezvan thesis (Resale Rezvan). Manuscript profile -
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154 - Investigating the current status of the quality of wastewater entering the sewage treatment plant of Kerman city
Ziba KazemiDetermining the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the raw wastewater entering the treatment plants is one of the main pillars of designing the wastewater treatment plants. This research was conducted with the aim of investigating the quantitative and quali MoreDetermining the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the raw wastewater entering the treatment plants is one of the main pillars of designing the wastewater treatment plants. This research was conducted with the aim of investigating the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the wastewater entering the sewage treatment plant of Kerman city. In addition to the continuous measurement of wastewater entering the treatment plant, five-day biochemical oxygen demand concentration (BOD), chemical oxygen demand concentration (COD), total suspended solids (TSS) and total Kejdal nitrogen (TKN) in 24-hour composite samples according to Flow rate was measured. The average value for three years from 2016 to 2018 for BOD is equal to 287.6 mg/liter, COD is equal to 413.9 mg/liter, TSS is equal to 140.9 mg/liter, and TKN is equal to 1.48 mg/liter. Which shows that it is higher than the design values of modules 1 and 2 and requires changes in the qualitative specifications of the wastewater entering modules 1 and 2. Manuscript profile -
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155 - Examining the position and pivotal role of Iran's tribes and nomads in the country's political developments(Case study: the role of the Sanjabi tribe in advancing the political strategies of the Provisional National Government during the First World
bahman Rezaei mahdi mirzaei suroush amiriWith the entry of the hostile forces of World War I into Iran, the central government was unable to protect the borders; Because it had neither a coherent political structure nor an efficient army to prevent their invasion. the high military strength of the tribes and MoreWith the entry of the hostile forces of World War I into Iran, the central government was unable to protect the borders; Because it had neither a coherent political structure nor an efficient army to prevent their invasion. the high military strength of the tribes and the tribes and the lack of central supervision have forced them to react against the invaders. The Sanjabi tribes are from the Kurds of western Iran, Nizam al-Sultaneh and the nationalists rose up with him and while announcing their opposition to the presence and activities of the troops of the British and Russian governments, they joined with the German and Ottoman forces, in this article, an attempt has been made to investigate with a descriptive analytical method and using library sources The central position and role of Iran's tribes and nomads in the political developments of the country should be discussed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
156 - Investigate the Relationship between R&D Costs and Profitability of Companies in Kerman Province Superior Companies
Mehdi Amirzadeh Ahmad Jafarnezhad Alireza Jashireh NezhadIn new developed world, the effect of critical parameter on companies improving has considered properly. one of important subject in companies owner view's is R&D cost. in current critical situation of country and our economic life considering to priorities of econo MoreIn new developed world, the effect of critical parameter on companies improving has considered properly. one of important subject in companies owner view's is R&D cost. in current critical situation of country and our economic life considering to priorities of economical unit’s is very Necessary. According to this subject we are see in the improved countries R&d is one of most important subject’s that has intentioned .unfortunately in our country this subject has Not considered properly and many industries didn't enter in this important Category as much as need. According to primary view we can guess that the relation between parameter of this paper is exist .however doing the scientific action by Governance organization as trade, mine and industry organization and declaring result to the industrial units can be the better way to maturate the industries owner. in this paper the kerman province Superior companies evaluation based on information from,2014 based on 2013 data's .the relation between R&D cost and primer profit has evaluated. Hypothesis test showed the Meaningful relation between R&D cost and companies profitability. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
157 - Expression of conceptual model of perception based on synergy of multisensory landscapes in Kerman traditional bazar
Fatemeh Khajeh hasani Mehdiyeh Moeini Ajhang Baghaee Reza AfhamiConversion of conceptual model of perception based on synergy of multisensory landscapes in Kerman traditional bazarAbstract Problem statement: all the information we have about our surrounding world is obtained through our senses. The senses inform us of possible risks MoreConversion of conceptual model of perception based on synergy of multisensory landscapes in Kerman traditional bazarAbstract Problem statement: all the information we have about our surrounding world is obtained through our senses. The senses inform us of possible risks and provide us the required information for interpreting the events and predicting the future. Also, it is through senses that we feel the joy and pain and recognize colors. All this information helps us to have more complex phenomena like perception and recognition. In fact, without senses these processes won't happen and we won't be able to use our other mental abilities. In another hand , in the western culture, from historical point of view, vision has been regarded as the most original sensory perception; either in ancient Greece or in Renaissance, with invention of perspective has yet dominated on other human senses. , the architectural experience is multisensory and man doesn't just see the space but smell, hear, touch and even taste it.In his view, all sensory perceptions such as vision have been taken of the tactile sensation and are designated to the skin. All sensory experiences are related to the tactile sensation and this is the body which is located in the center and finally creates a combination of perceptions senses which gives the architecture meaning.Sense perception, due to presence in the space, is the most important factor of perception of the architecture physical identity. Though, often in the contemporary architecture space, the sense of sight is enumerated as the most original factor of sense perception. But, in reality, this superiority of the sense of sight on other senses has caused the audience of the architectural space faces the one-dimensional and superficial perception and doesn’t experience the main principle of interaction with the space, that is the sense of being in the living environment and receives the sense of agitation and identity perception weakness with the architectural space and the joy of presence and sense of attachment to space in the most inexpressive possible state, while in the architectural space like traditional bazars, the sensory richness institutionalized in the space leads to the perception of the physical identity of various spaces of the bazar through creation of conceptual interaction with the audience and synergy of multiple senses. According to this, this study aims to identify the synergy of multisensory landscapes through the approach of sensory landscaping approach. For this purpose, through the evaluation of the audiences' perception of multisensory landscapes in each space of Kerman traditional bazar, it seeks to achieve a clear perception of the nature of synergy of multisensory landscapes based on sensory perception of various physical spaces of the bazar and finally based on recognition of the type and rate of effectiveness of sensory landscapes, investigate the multisensory perception. Research question: How the synergy of multisensory landscapes is shaped in various architectural frameworks of traditional bazar? Research objectives: Evaluation of the audiences' multisensory perception in any of the spaces of Kerman traditional bazarsResearch method: In this study, at first by library studies with the aim of identifying multisensory perception, multisensory landscapes are determined and for evaluation of the audiences mental image of multisensory landscapes in the field studies, the instruments of questionnaire, SPSS software, GIS with IDW method is used for analysis of spatial data (UTM). Analytical-descriptive method is utilized for inference of the quality of synergy of multisensory landscapes. The most important findings and research conclusion: Finally, it is concluded that the audience perception in Kerman traditional bazar is multisensory and its reason is existence of sensory landscapes in Kerman traditional bazar in various sections of the bazar and it is shaped through synergy of these sensory landscapes. This sensory synergy due to five senses shapes the sensory richness in the audience. Then, due to the individual features and environmental factors and focusing on memorability and creation of sense of association, mental image is created in the audience and finally causes the creation of the sense of attachment to the place in the audience and as a result leads to the audience multisensory perception in this place. Keywords: senses, multisensory perception, traditional bazar, sensory landscapes, sensory synergy Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
158 - Problematization of women's poverty culture in Kermanshah
Aniss Rezaee Abdoreza Adhami Shahla Kazemi pour sabetThe culture of poverty is an important anthropological concept that has permeated the various fields of social sciences, economics, development, sociology, as well as public discourse and the media. This concept was first coined by Oscar Lewis; It is a semantic, subject MoreThe culture of poverty is an important anthropological concept that has permeated the various fields of social sciences, economics, development, sociology, as well as public discourse and the media. This concept was first coined by Oscar Lewis; It is a semantic, subjective and normative system - a value that leads to the creation and spread of a sense of poverty among individuals, and if internalized, this process is constantly reproduced. Reproducing a culture of poverty is one of the major obstacles to sustainable development. The present study identifies and analyzes the characteristics and components of the culture of poverty among women in Kermanshah with a qualitative approach and content analysis method. Participants included 16 women aged 15 to 59 years in Kermanshah who were included in the study by purposive sampling method and were interviewed face to face and semi-structured. Based on the findings and results, five main components of the culture of poverty were extracted: economic disorder, local belonging, family indifference, social indifference and despair. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
159 - Qualitative Analysis of the Challenges of Women Entrepreneurship in Cooperative Companies (Case Study: Kermanshah Province)
Bijan rezaee saba amiri.The present study was done with the aim of qualitative analysis of women entrepreneurship challenges in cooperative companies at Kermanshah province. The research method was qualitative in the case study and the data were collected through a semi-structured interview wi MoreThe present study was done with the aim of qualitative analysis of women entrepreneurship challenges in cooperative companies at Kermanshah province. The research method was qualitative in the case study and the data were collected through a semi-structured interview with 23 women entrepreneurs that selected based on theoretical sampling method. Based on the results of content analysis, women entrepreneurship challenges were divided into two categories: proactive and preventive factors; The proactive factors in the selected category of "balanced and endogenous development" were categorized into two categories of land and structural factors, the most important of which were carefulness of work, interest in the field of work, utilization of the support of surrounding people, appropriate educational environment; Also, the preventive factors in the selected category of "implementation problems" include two categories of weaknesses in infrastructure and support and policy deficiencies in government and organizations. and the "selection problems" of the manufacturing sector, including categories of supply chain distribution, distribution and monitoring, that lack of suitable space, lack of Confidence in each other, the lack of government support from producers, the high level of bank profits, the failure to address production problems, the strong market fluctuations and input prices, and product harassment were the most important priorities. Finally, suggestions were made to improve women's entrepreneurship. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
160 - ارزیابی میزان رضایتمندی زنان از کیفیت ارائه خدمات در فضاهای عمومی گذران اوقات فراغت مطالعه موردی: خدمات عمومی بافتهای تاریخی شهر کرمانشاه
حلیمه عنایت عنایت داریوش غفاری -
Open Access Article
161 - Key social and economic factors affecting coarse grime
Shahrzad Barkhordar Mehrdad Navabakhsh Alireza KaldiTime and goal: I made my social determination. The goal is to write down where there are social and economic factors that are effective in providing a coarse crime, between two severely convicted criminals, in Zindan Hay Karman Est.Rosh: . Narratives (consideration) of MoreTime and goal: I made my social determination. The goal is to write down where there are social and economic factors that are effective in providing a coarse crime, between two severely convicted criminals, in Zindan Hay Karman Est.Rosh: . Narratives (consideration) of a question related to its variables, as to the appointment of a consideration, content and ba gurdawori, the opinions of an experienced teacher, Karshnasan and specialists related (techniques of conceptualization) and Bray Barsi Payayi, as an accountant of Alfai Kronbacheh Rahdeh-e Kronbacheh 22. Dadaha mediated by Amar Tasifi and Azmounhai Amari Zarib Hempstegi Pearson-Regression and with the benefit of Nermafzar spss is a resource for segmentation and analysis of the Graft decision.Yaftha: Yaftha Nashnan Midhad between his variables, close to the amount of (118/0), Bikari (290/0), the occasion of the Boden Mahal Zandji (311/0), the academic fatwa (328/0), the social sarayah (0/244), the Hamsalan area. (137/0), coarse (33/0), narcotic drug bank (732/0), a link with a straight image (fixed) with a coarse crime and the presence of a dard. There is an end between a social control and a rough gram, an inverse association and the meaning of Dared and the existence of a dard (109/0-).The result of the gerry: Mei Tuan, the result of grafting Reftar Pehkaraneh more dron grohei nekhestin, beh wich grove hamsalan, faragrafeh mishod. .. . Divergent tangent number Anan Bish as tangent diffracted est. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
162 - A Survey of social, economic and psychological consequences among earthquake victims in the western part of Kermanshah
Sima Parshoo Seyed naser Hejazi Asghar MohamadiThis Earthquake is one of the phenomena that, when it occurs, the society faces many dangers and disturbances. Iran is one of the countries that faces numerous and large faults in its wide area. This research was carried out with a sociological approach, with the aim of MoreThis Earthquake is one of the phenomena that, when it occurs, the society faces many dangers and disturbances. Iran is one of the countries that faces numerous and large faults in its wide area. This research was carried out with a sociological approach, with the aim of investigating the social, economic and psychological consequences of the survivors of the West Kermanshah earthquake and with the survey method. The statistical population includes all people over the age of 18 in the cities of Sarpol Zahab and Salas Babajani. Cochran's formula was used to determine the statistical sample (600 people), and a researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect information. Data analysis was also done using PLS and SPSS statistical software in two parts, descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. The findings showed that the occurrence of an earthquake on all research variables with (sig=0.001) at the alpha level of 0.05 on the sense of social security, social responsibility, adaptability of citizens, social solidarity with others, determinism, sense of economic security, Job changes, mental health, resilience and duty-oriented towards God have an effect. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
163 - Age, growth and reproduction characteristics of brond-snout (Chondrostoma regium) in Alvand River (Kermanshah province)
Mehdi Shamsaie MehrganAbstractIn this study, some characteristics of growth, age and reproduction of brond-snout (Chondrostoma regium) population were studied in Alvand River of Kermanshah province monthly for one year from June 2019 to May 2020. A total of 6 age groups (1-6) were identified MoreAbstractIn this study, some characteristics of growth, age and reproduction of brond-snout (Chondrostoma regium) population were studied in Alvand River of Kermanshah province monthly for one year from June 2019 to May 2020. A total of 6 age groups (1-6) were identified. 120 females and 105 males with a sex ratio (female to male) 1.06: 1 was detected from 225 caught fish. The predominant age was 4 years and the mean total length in the males and females were 205.23±22.42 mm and 234.09 ±29.42 mm, respectively, which showed a significant difference between the genders (p≤0.05). The length-weight linear relationship for male and female were Lt = 310[1-e -0.31(t+0.52)] and Lt = 327[1-e -0.34(t+0.49)], respectively. The growth pattern for male and female was allometric negative and allometric positive, respectively, and the mean obesity coefficient for male and female were 1.01±0.11 and 0.99±0.08, respectively. The mean absolute fecundity of fish was 11921.22±2284.54, which increased with the age and decreased egg diameter. The mean gonad index for male and female was 1.8±0.13 and 8.64±0.72, respectively (p≤0.05). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
164 - Epidemiological study of acute food poisoning recorded at Imam Khomeini Hospital of Kermanshah during 4 years period (2008-2011)
کیومرث Sharafi مسعود Moradi عبداله Dargahi زهرا Rezaee سروه Khamoushi مرضیه Naderi Foodborne diseases remain as one of the world’s major health problem that often poses severe and immediate danger. Epidemiological studies have essential role in identifying the contamination sources, transmission routes and prevalence rates of foodbo More Foodborne diseases remain as one of the world’s major health problem that often poses severe and immediate danger. Epidemiological studies have essential role in identifying the contamination sources, transmission routes and prevalence rates of foodborne diseases, as well as establishing the prevention/control strategies. The aim of this study was to conduct an epidemiological survey on acute foodborne diseases recorded at Imam Khomeini Hospital of Kermanshah during 4 years (2008-2011). For this, the information of patients was extracted using 165 medical files. Using Chi-Square test, the relationship between the occurrence of foodborne diseases and different variables was determined. Considering the season, gender and age of the patients, it was revealed that most incidences of foodborne diseases were observed in spring, male patients and age group of 15 to 30 years. The incidence trend of foodborne diseases was increased from 2008 to 2011. Moreover, there were a significant relationship among incidence of foodborne diseases with season, month, gender and age group (P < 0.01). According to the results it is crucial that the responsible authorities bring about the public educations to increase the public awareness using radio, TV shows, newspapers, and etc. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
165 - Effect of municipal and industrial wastewater effluents on the Chromium and Vanadium residues in muscle tissue of Cyprinionm acrostomum and Chondrostoma regium fish in Kermanshah Gharasou River (2013)
مقداد Pirsaheb کیومرث Sharafi A. Dargahi اسماعیل Azizi طوبی Khosravi مهدی Ghayebzadeh Nowadays, the entrance of heavy metals in the aquatic environment is an important and also a global environmental concern due to the indiscriminate discharging of various industrial wastewaters, which cause accumulation of heavy metals in body of aquatic an More Nowadays, the entrance of heavy metals in the aquatic environment is an important and also a global environmental concern due to the indiscriminate discharging of various industrial wastewaters, which cause accumulation of heavy metals in body of aquatic animals including fishes. The present study aimed to evaluate the amount of Chromium and Vanadium in muscle tissue of Chondrostoma regium and Cyprinion macrostomum fish in Kermanshah Gharasou River in 2013. For sampling eight different places were chosen along the river and according to places of discharging municipal and industrial wastewaters. A total of 10 samples were collected from each place and all samples were analyzed for determination of Chromium and Vanadium metals using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Based on results, mean concentrations of Chromium and Vanadium in muscle tissue of investigating different species among all places were significantly different (P <0.05). The minimum amount of Chromium and Vanadium content was observed at the 3 and 8 sampling stations; while the maximum quantity was determined at the 6 and 8 stations. Results revealed that mean content of Vanadium at the 3, 4, 5 and 6 station was significantly lower (P <0.05) than the standard limit approved by WHO, however, at the other stations the Vanadium content was significantly higher (P <0.05) than the WHO limit. The estimated Chromium quantity of all stations was higher than the FDA and WHO standards (P <0.05). Comparing the results of the present study with findings of other researches and also existing standards (FDA and WHO) indicate high levels of Chromium and Vanadium residues in muscle tissue of fishes. High loads of Pollutants with different types of industrial and municipal wastewater in Kermanshah Gharasou River are the major cause of heavy metals residues. Therefore, it is crucial to apply practical approaches to reduce these pollutants in Gharasou River. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
166 - A survey on nitrite and nitrate levels in vegetables and cucurbits cultivated in northern and western plains of Kermanshah city in 2012
مقداد Pirsaheb کیومرث Sharafi مسعود Morad Given that the capacity of vegetables and cucurbits absorption and retention has large amounts of nitrite and nitrate. Therefore, the intake of these products can threaten human health. The aim of this study was to determine nitrite and nitrate in cucurbits More Given that the capacity of vegetables and cucurbits absorption and retention has large amounts of nitrite and nitrate. Therefore, the intake of these products can threaten human health. The aim of this study was to determine nitrite and nitrate in cucurbits and vegetables cultivated in plains of sothern and eastern parts of Kermanshah. For this purpose, a total number of 330 samples was examined for determination of nitrate and nitrite. The samples were analyzed according to the instructions provided by the Institute of Standards and Industrial Research of Iran (No. 4106). The results showed that there are significant differences in the mean value of nitrite in vegetables and cucurbits, in the sampling locations (P<0.01). However, this difference was not significant (P>0.05) in the case of nitrate. The highest level of nitrite was estimated at 6.05±2.1 and 6.12±0.845 mg/kg in radish tubers and the lowest level was estimated at 0.1±0.022 and 0.174±0.085 mg/kg in cucumber samples in Mahidasht and Drood and Framan plains, respectively. In addition, the highest amount of nitrate in the Mahidasht plain was determined in spinach (392.11 ± 21.17 mg/kg) and in the Drood and Framan plain was observed in radish tubers (316.94 ±158.02 mg/kg). The lowest levels of nitrate in the both sampling areas were determined in tomatoes (11.42 ± 3.56 and 9.1±5.2 mg/kg, respectively). Moreover, a significant difference (P<0.01) was observed in the mean quantity of nitrate and nitrite in the different vegetables or cucurbits. It was concluded that the level of nitrite in some vegetables and cucurbits was higher than acceptable limit. Therefore, it is essential to reduce the application of nitrogen fertilizers in these areas. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
167 - Analysis of Socio-economic Factors Affecting Happiness and Individual Labor Force Productivity: the case of Kermanshah Manufacturing Establishments
Shahram Fatahi Jahanghir Karami Mansour MohammadiradThe aim of this research is to study the socio-economic factors affecting happiness and its relationship with individual labor force productivity. The statistical population includes all of the employees who are working in the Kermanshah manufacturing establishments wit MoreThe aim of this research is to study the socio-economic factors affecting happiness and its relationship with individual labor force productivity. The statistical population includes all of the employees who are working in the Kermanshah manufacturing establishments with 50 employees or more. Each establishment was assigned as a layer, and the simple random sampling method was used. The data were gathered through the Oxford Happiness, individual and demographic produativity questionnaires and were analyzed using the software SPSS and Eviews. The results showed that the variables productivity, the number of children, psychological health, optimism, and ‘interest in work’ have a positive and significant relationship with happiness, but the variable monthly income has a negative relationship with happiness. Furthermore, it has been recognized that factors such as happiness, attending training classes, job satisfaction, job security, accepting job among family members, and faith in God have a positive and significant relationship with productivity. Finally, the hypothesis of equality of the means for the variables happiness and productivity has been accepted with regard to gender difference (male/female). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
168 - Investigating the Relationship between Leadership Styles and the Rate of Strategic Thinking among the Managers of Kerman Governmental Organizations
Omidreza Sadati Saed Sayadi Navid AhangareNowadays, discussions on the strategic thinking and managers' leadership styles, especially at the organizational level, have gained a special position in the studies of management. For this reason, the present research aims to investigate the relationship between leade MoreNowadays, discussions on the strategic thinking and managers' leadership styles, especially at the organizational level, have gained a special position in the studies of management. For this reason, the present research aims to investigate the relationship between leadership styles and the rate of strategic thinking among the managers of Kerman governmental organizations. The research method is descriptive-correlational. Field survey and library studies have been used for data collection. The statistical population consists of 133 managers of governmental organizations in Kerman, and the required data was obtained from the researcher-made questionnaires completed by the subjects. Data analysis was carried out through the use of T test, ANOVA, and Pearson correlation coefficient. The results indicate that there is a significant negative relationship between inefficient leadership style and the managers' strategic thinking. There is no significant relationship between duty-oriented leadership and managers' strategic thinking. There is no significant relationship between moderate leadership and managers' strategic thinking. However, it was found that there is a positive relationship between club leadership and managers' strategic thinking. Also, there is a significant positive relation between team leadership style and strategic thinking. Therefore, managers mostly use team leadership style, and the managers who employ this style possess, on average, the greatest rate of strategic thinking. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
169 - Analysis of Institutional Resilience Against Earthquake Risk In the Metropolis of Kermanshah
Chnour Mohammadi Hossein Nazmfar Sayyad Asghari SaraskanroudEarthquakes have always been one of the most dangerous and important natural hazards that always threaten cities. The consequences of earthquakes affect the society both in terms of frequency and damages. Community resilience provides a conceptual framework for measurin MoreEarthquakes have always been one of the most dangerous and important natural hazards that always threaten cities. The consequences of earthquakes affect the society both in terms of frequency and damages. Community resilience provides a conceptual framework for measuring the ability of society to deal with changes and emergency situations. The main goal of this research is to analyze the state of institutional resilience of Kermanshah metropolis against earthquake risk. The statistical population is the residents of Kermanshah city, and to determine the sample size, 385 people were determined based on Cochran's formula, and the sample was selected using the stratified sampling method. Also, the documentary method and library studies have been used to compile theoretical foundations and viewpoints and a questionnaire to collect data related to the institutional resilience of Kermanshah city. GIS, SPSS, CODAS model and CV method have been used for experimenting and analyzing data and information. results show, There is a significant difference in all components at the 0.95 level and in some componentsThe average is higher than the average value of three and in some components it is lower than the average value of three. Also, the results of the Cudas model show; Regions eight and seven in the first and second ranks and in relatively good condition; Regions one and four in the third and fourth levels and in the middle status and regions; 2, 3, 6 and 5 are ranked 5th to 8th respectively and are in poor condition and the biggest difference and inequality is related to the component of how much government and local institutions (council and municipality) have planned to prevent the consequences and damages caused by the earthquake. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
170 - Determining Boundaries of Morphogenetic and Morphodynamic Regions in the Last and Present Glacial Stage of Wurm in Kermanshah Province
Mansoor Sadeghi Ali Jahanfar Taher Valipoor Vahid Mahammadpoor Aliakbar Shayan YeganehKermanshah province has various morphogenic regions due to its special topographic and climatic features. The aim of this article was determining and identifying the morphodynamic and morphogenetic regions of Wurm glacial stage and the present status of Kermanshah provi MoreKermanshah province has various morphogenic regions due to its special topographic and climatic features. The aim of this article was determining and identifying the morphodynamic and morphogenetic regions of Wurm glacial stage and the present status of Kermanshah province using Peltier model. The correlation coefficient and regression line equation of temperature and precipitation with elevation were calculated in the region and then the temperature and precipitation of Wurm last and present glacial stage were obtained using data analysis in SPSS, Excel and ArcGIS. The results showed that the elevation factor is the main controlling parameter of the intensity of the weathering process in the region by changing temperature and annual precipitation parameters. Studying morphogenesis and morphoclimatic areas in two periods indicates that the ocean area has been eliminated at the present time and there was no dried area in Wurm period and also the changes in the boundaries of different areas have not been the same. The highest and the lowest changes have happened in Sawn with 1200 meters and in semi-arid with 384 meters. Glacial regions boundaries were 800 meters lower than present. In a comparison between Wurm stage and present, the most decrease and increase extent of morphogenic regions have happened respectively in glacial areas with 127 times decrease and semi-arid area with 53 times increase. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
171 - The evaluation of urban resilience components (Case Study: Kermanshah Metropolis)
Mohammad Rauf Heidarifar Mahnaz Siahgoli ismail soleimaniradToday achievement to the conditions, being adaptable to getting pre-crisis situation quickly after the crisis, is very important for the societies. Hence, resilience is preferred rather than vulnerability recently. Since, strategically border region, Kermanshah requires MoreToday achievement to the conditions, being adaptable to getting pre-crisis situation quickly after the crisis, is very important for the societies. Hence, resilience is preferred rather than vulnerability recently. Since, strategically border region, Kermanshah requires more consideration in the urban resilience. Hence, Present study considers the components of the urban resilience in Kermanshah. Using the “Documentary-Survey” method, significant and effective components have evaluated and investigated. Viewpoints of 42 experts of this field have been used for collecting the research data. The statistical one sample-T test and the Friedman test have been used for the data analytics. Results show that Physical-managerial factor based on the experts' opinion has a maximum effect on the urban resilience, as it has the lowest amount of the difference from the mean value. The Wilcoxon test has been used to examine the areas and the results have been analyzed as maps in the GIS. In the end, we have made some suggestions that require the attention of managers and urban planners to make it possible to organize the challenges of the urban resilience of the metropolis of Kermanshah. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
172 - Spatial analysis of the effects of physical expansion of metropolises on surrounding villages (Case study: Kermanshah)
Farshad Khosravi Majid Shams Abbas MalekhosseiniHuman habitations are always exposed to economic, socio-cultural and physical changes. In the meantime, the physical expansion of cities and villages towards each other causes the merger of a smaller town (village) into a larger area (city). The integration of the villa MoreHuman habitations are always exposed to economic, socio-cultural and physical changes. In the meantime, the physical expansion of cities and villages towards each other causes the merger of a smaller town (village) into a larger area (city). The integration of the village in the city has brought so many consequences in the integration of the village and the city. Therefore, the aim of this study is the spatial analysis of the impacts of physical expansion of Kermanshah metropolis on surrounding villages. The present study which is practical in terms of purpose, and also is descriptive-analytical in terms of analysis method, has been applied by library studies - documentary, and field. Research data including primary data (interview form from elites and experts) and also research variables have been collected in both documentary and field. In the present research, the DEMATEL and VIKOR techniques were used to analyze the data; additionally three aspects (social, economic and physical) have been studied in 9 indicators. On the other hand it is shown by the results of DEMATEL model that among the studied dimensions, the physical aspect and among the studied indicators, index (C8), (access to services and public facilities) are in priority. It is shown by the results of analysis and prioritization of villages around the metropolis of Kermanshah due to the impacts of physical expansion using the VICOR model that the village of Nokan where is superior to other villages, has received the most impact with 0.893 score Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
173 - Evaluation of the relationship between land use, land vegetation, urban development with urban temperature classes using TM Landsat images and NDVI Index (Case study of Kermanshah (
mohammadebrahim afifiThe haphazard urban growth and the increase in population have caused problems for urban communities. Including the phenomenon of thermal islands, which is the result of an unusual increase in temperature of the city compared to its suburbs. In this paper, the condition MoreThe haphazard urban growth and the increase in population have caused problems for urban communities. Including the phenomenon of thermal islands, which is the result of an unusual increase in temperature of the city compared to its suburbs. In this paper, the condition of Kermanshah thermal island in terms of spatio-temporal changes was investigated. The purpose of choosing Kermanshah is its important location and the lack of study in the field of thermal island. The data used in this research include using Landsat 5 multitemporal images b4, b5 and Thermal InfraRed with resolution 30, 120 meters and Landsat 8 b10, b11 with resolution 30 and 100 meters (TM 1992, 1998, 2007, 2011 and OLI/TIRS 2016), NDVI Index, Planck law for the TM images and two-window algorithm for OLI/TIRS images. Then the surface temperature was normalized, its relationship with vegetation loss and land use changes was investigated. The city was classified into five temperature classes from very cool to very hot, the area of each class was calculated and their variations were analyzed. The results showed a direct relationship between the thermal islands of Kermanshah with the city’s construction and land use. In the period of the study (1992-2016), the area of the city has almost doubled with the conversion of 3,800 hectares of agricultural and barren lands into urban areas. It was found that barren land use is the main center of the thermal islands. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
174 - Evaluation of Sustainable Urban Development Based on Structural Equation Model Case Study: Kermanshah City
Timor Mohammadpour Majid Shams Abas Malek HossainiThe city of Kermanshah, due to the large increase in population and unbalanced expansion, has many issues and problems related to sustainable urban development. With the increase in population growth rate in recent decades, the city has witnessed unequal urban spaces, s MoreThe city of Kermanshah, due to the large increase in population and unbalanced expansion, has many issues and problems related to sustainable urban development. With the increase in population growth rate in recent decades, the city has witnessed unequal urban spaces, so that the areas of the city show an inequality trend in terms of development indicators. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate sustainable development based on structural equation model in Kermanshah. The type of research is applied and the method of its study is descriptive-analytical. Documentary and field methods have been used to collect information and data. The study area is Kermanshah and the statistical population of the study includes 946,651 citizens of Kermanshah, of which 356 were the sample size selected by Cochran's formula, which was distributed using a simple random sampling method. The data collection tool is a questionnaire. Data analysis tools are SPSS and Amos software. The results of one-sample t-test, at a moderate or normal level, indicated that the social, economic, physical, environmental, physical and managerial dimensions in Kermanshah are in an unfavorable situation. Therefore, the situation of the management dimension in the eight districts of Kermanshah was more unfavorable. Also, in this article, the deterrent and accelerating factors on the sustainable development of Kermanshah city have been studied using the structural equation model in AMOS software. Based on the results, it was found that all research indicators have a significant effect on sustainable development in Kermanshah. The most important accelerating factor in sustainable urban development in the study area is the managerial factor. Based on the results, the factor load or regression weight for the managerial factor was 0.87 at a significance level of 0.000. After the management factor, the physical factor with regression weight was 0.8. The factor load or regression weight of the environmental factor was 0.77, the economic factor was 0.75 and the social factor was 0.69. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
175 - برنامهریزی پدافند غیرعامل و مکانیابی پناهگاههای شهری با استفاده از منطق فازی (مطالعه موردی: منطقه یک شهری کرمان)
غلامعلی خمر حسام الدین صالح گوهری -
Open Access Article
176 - . The studing quality of life in government staffs housing mehr in Kermanshah ,Ilam and Khoram Abad
Pakzad Azadkhani Sahar Shahbazi Roya Samavati Khadijeh Noori zadThe quality of life has recently been proposed in the literature on sustainable development and social development planning and new economical discussion. .Although the relative importance of environmental quality is still under debate improvement and conseq MoreThe quality of life has recently been proposed in the literature on sustainable development and social development planning and new economical discussion. .Although the relative importance of environmental quality is still under debate improvement and consequently maintenance of urban residential environment is if crucial importance .In our country housing seal is a good example of planning for housing , particularly for low – income and poor segments of society. The housing seal is a housing lower than average expectations of quality in society. So the people who are living in have a lower quality of life. .A large number of Mehr housing projects have been implemented and exploited in many cities in Iran moreover, a lot of studies have been carried out on this fild. Our purpose in this study is the comparative study about quality of life in the housing seal in three western and important provinces . . The method is descriptive – analytical and the study is a practical one. The data is gathered from the libraries and also by the use of questionnaires. The population includes the residents of over 15 years old in housing seal. The sample of 301 people is chosen by Cochran’s Formula. To analyze the data, SPSS software is used.. The findings reveal that four indexes including the index of housing quality,environmental quality,the quality of free time and the sense of belonging have the average lower than the satisfactory norm and the other four indexes including the quality of the access to the infrastructures ,the quality of neighboring relationships and the quality of employment and income have the average upper than the satisfactory norm. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
177 - مدیریت بحران با تاکید بر مخاطرت طبیعی و پیش بینی احتمال وقوع خشکسالی استان کرمانشاه در محیط GIS
نادر پروین سارا کوشکی زمانی سیروس حسن پور هایده کیانی آلرد -
Open Access Article
178 - Ranking Development Level of Rural Areas (Case Study: Rural Districts of Kermanshah Province)
Hossein Nazmfar Soheyla Bakhtar Saeedeh AlaviProviding different welfare and infrastructure services, social, economic and cultural facilities are the most basic indicators in each unit of planning especially in rural areas. Therefore the present research aims to assess and analyze development levels of these indi MoreProviding different welfare and infrastructure services, social, economic and cultural facilities are the most basic indicators in each unit of planning especially in rural areas. Therefore the present research aims to assess and analyze development levels of these indicators in rural districts of Kermanshah and determine the amount to them. The method of this research was applicatory in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytic in terms of nature. The statistical population of the research included 85 rural districts of 14 Kermanshah's Townships. To evaluate and rank development levels 69 variables were selected from culture village in 2011. These variables were weighted using the Shannon entropy. And multi-criteria decision VIKOR was used to analyze the data and rank and determine development level of rural districts. The findings revealed differences in development of the rural districts of the province. So among 85 villages there were 3 developed, 19 relatively developed, 33 developing, 28 relatively deprived and 2 deprived rural districts. Ultimately suggestions were presented to improve and promote development status of rural districts. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
179 - بررسی نامههای عاشقانه در گل و نوروز و همای و همایون خواجو
مریم محمودی رقیه رستمی -
Open Access Article
180 - جلوههای عرفان در مظهرالآثار هاشمی کرمانی
مهرداد چترایی -
Open Access Article
181 - Assessment of rock fall risk in Zafar town of Kermanshah using Conefall technique
Farangis Ariamanesh afsaneh sheikhi Amjad MalekiRockfalls are one of the most serious natural hazards in terms of victims and economic impact, besides their interaction with many other natural phenomena. rockfall, defined as the movement of a mass of rock, debris or earth down a slope rockfall hazard and landslide ri MoreRockfalls are one of the most serious natural hazards in terms of victims and economic impact, besides their interaction with many other natural phenomena. rockfall, defined as the movement of a mass of rock, debris or earth down a slope rockfall hazard and landslide risk analyses can be carried out using several methods. The aim of this paper is to study and evaluate the potential of rockfalls and landslides and zoning these areas. In this method, in accordance with the geometric dimensions, slop, the movement of the rockfall, their expansion, finally its effect on the study area have been tested. Ddigital data also Cone fall and Arc GIS software utilized to identify landslides in the study area. Rockfall risk area was calculated for slopes and two critical angles and the results were presented as a map of high fall risk zones. The results showing that the total area of rockfall is equal to 2467357 square meters and 520686 square meters of residential areas are under the risks of rockfall. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
182 - Evaluation of Electrical Resistivity Tomography and Electromagnetic with Very Low Frequency Method in Identifying Buried Karst in Shaho Rifts (The Case of Quri Qaleh Cave)
Ronak Shokati Amjad maleki Farzad ShirzaditabarKarst and karst cavities are one of the most challenging subjects. Given that karst areas cover approximately 20% of the land area, Identifying and investigating the location of karst buried cavities can be useful in various usages such as tourism development, subsidenc MoreKarst and karst cavities are one of the most challenging subjects. Given that karst areas cover approximately 20% of the land area, Identifying and investigating the location of karst buried cavities can be useful in various usages such as tourism development, subsidence prevention and karst water resources. In the rifts of Shaho, located in Kermanshah province, karst landforms, including caves and buried cavities, are well stretched. The current study attempted to identify rapid and early karst cavities using an easy and low-cost method in geomorphological studies. To this end, in Shaho rifts (Quri Qaleh cave and its surroundings), two geophysical methods namely Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) and Very Low Frequency Electromagnetism (VLF) were utilized and compared. Initially, by determining the location of the cave on the ground, the profile performing route was designed perpendicular to the cave route. Then, 5 profiles were performed by VLF and 4 profiles by ERT method. Four ERT profiles perpendicular to profiles 2, 4 and 5 of VLF were taken and finally the results of the two methods were compared. In addition to determining the exact location of the cave, the results of both methods revealed anomalies outside the cave. Other findings of the research include the possibility of rapidly achieving the results and the cheaper use of the VLF method compared to other identification methods. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
183 - Analysis of Sentinel 3 images of SLSTR sensors in identifying urban heat islands and its relationship with vegetation (Case study: Kermanshah)
Mostafa Shahinifar Hamidreza ShahandehThis issue has become more apparent in large cities and provincial capitals, which have undergone land use changes in recent years. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the spatial relationship between the distribution of thermal islands with urban vegetatio MoreThis issue has become more apparent in large cities and provincial capitals, which have undergone land use changes in recent years. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the spatial relationship between the distribution of thermal islands with urban vegetation and compare the intensity of thermal islands in minimum, maximum and average values in urban areas of Kermanshah during the last 10 years. Data were analyzed using Sentinel 3 satellite imagery and SLSTR sensor with a spatial resolution of 500 m in the reflective bands and 1000 m in the thermal band using SNAP and QGIS software. Therefore, continuous monitoring of land use change is one of the main challenges of urban planning and management in metropolitan areas. Because the increase of green space in the city significantly reduces the temperature of the city and thermal islands. The key findings of this research are focused on three areas: first, focusing on the fair distribution of green spaces in the city, second, using waste spaces to increase green spaces, and finally, avoiding additional burden on the ground, because in dense areas, the possibility of creating thermal islands is much higher. It was from other places. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
184 - Evaluating The Climatic Potentials of Kerman Province for Tourism Industry
Bohlol Alijani Saeedeh ZaboliIn order to evaluate the climatic potentials of Kerman province, the hourly weather data of temperature, relative humidity, and wind speed of the nine synoptic stations of the province were obtained for the existing data period( ranging from as early as 1957 to as late MoreIn order to evaluate the climatic potentials of Kerman province, the hourly weather data of temperature, relative humidity, and wind speed of the nine synoptic stations of the province were obtained for the existing data period( ranging from as early as 1957 to as late as 1993 up to 2005 to 2007). The hourly human comfort index of Physiological EquivalentTemperature (PET) was computed for each calendar month using the RAYMAN software. In the second step, the beginning, duration, and the end of the comfort period were determined for each station.The results showed that the comfort period begins in January in the south and delays until March in the north. But it begins as late as April in the mountainous region of Baft. The comfort period ends in December in most of the province. The most uncomfortable climatic factor in the province is the temperature. That is why that the comfort period is shorter in the south than in the north. The length of the comfort period ranges from7 moths in the south to about 10 months in the north. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
185 - Continuity analysis of spatial (spatial) dust patterns in Kermanshah province
Mohammad Parvin Haasan Lashkari Reza Borna Mostafa Karam PourThe phenomenon of dust has become one of the natural hazards in the country today; A phenomenon that affects natural and human conditions with its harmful effects in various ways. Therefore, in this study, the continuity of dust spatial patterns in Kermanshah was invest MoreThe phenomenon of dust has become one of the natural hazards in the country today; A phenomenon that affects natural and human conditions with its harmful effects in various ways. Therefore, in this study, the continuity of dust spatial patterns in Kermanshah was investigated and analyzed. For this purpose, dust statistics of 12 synoptic stations of the province during the statistical period 1987 to 2017 were obtained from the Meteorological Organization and after creating databases to identify the spatial patterns of dust in the province, the Moran spatial index (I) was used. Linear regression trend analysis was also used to examine the trend of changes. The results showed that the maximum incidence of dust in the province is mostly limited to the western half and the minimum incidence is more related to the eastern half of the province. Also, most of the persistence of dust in the province has been observed in the areas adjacent to the Iraqi border, which indicates that the dust of the province is trans-local. The results of spatial autocorrelation patterns also showed that the occurrence of two and ten days continuity in the western half of the province, ie Qasr Shirin and Sarpol-e-Zahab regions, formed a high (positive) cluster pattern and in the eastern half of the province, ie Songhar and Harsin regions, formed a low (negative) cluster pattern. Is. Spatial patterns on a monthly scale have also experienced a situation similar to spatial patterns lasting two to ten days. Examination of the change trend also showed that on a monthly basis, except for November and December, in other months, a significant upward trend is observed at the 95% confidence level. Also, in terms of seasonality, the most intense increasing trend of dust events is related to spring and summer seasons. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
186 - ارزیابی اثرات طبیعی و انسانی انتقال آب سد گاوشان بر دشت میان دربند در استان کرمانشاه
امجد ملکی مریم رحمتی خورشیدیهدف ­این پژوهش بررسی اثرات طبیعی و­انسانی کانال انتقال آب سد گاوشان بر­دشت میان ­دربند­ در­استان کرمانشاه می­باشد. بدین منظور ­ابتدا دادههای پیزومتری سطح­آب زیرزمینی ­از­ سال­۱۳۹۲-۱۳۷٠­ ارزیابی و نقشه تغییرات سطح ایست Moreهدف ­این پژوهش بررسی اثرات طبیعی و­انسانی کانال انتقال آب سد گاوشان بر­دشت میان ­دربند­ در­استان کرمانشاه می­باشد. بدین منظور ­ابتدا دادههای پیزومتری سطح­آب زیرزمینی ­از­ سال­۱۳۹۲-۱۳۷٠­ ارزیابی و نقشه تغییرات سطح ایستابی در­ بازه­ زمانی ۲۲ ساله تهیه گردید. میزان تغییرات مورفولوژی رودخانه رازآور به واسطه­ تغییرات دبی از محل دریافت آب ­از کانال نیز با ­استفاده ­از تصاویر ماهوارهای در بازه ­زمانی مورد نظر بررسی شد. همچنین به منظور شناخت ثأثیرات انسانی احداث کانال ­از روش پرسشنامه استفاده گردید. نتایج پژوهش نشان می­دهد علی­رغم کاهش بارندگی در ­بازه فوق­ سطح آب زیرزمینی ­از سال بهره برداری از کانال(۱۳۸٤)­ در ­نقاطی ­از دشت افزایش یافته­ است. همچنین یافته­های پژوهش نشان از تغییرات شدید­ مورفولوژی رودخانه ­از­ محل دریافت آب به دلیل تغییرات زیاد دبی دارد. رشد­ وضعیت اقتصادی­، جلوگیری از مهاجرت و ­اشتغال زایی در ­منطقه نیز­ از اثرات انسانی احداث کانال بوده­ است در حالی که به علت مکانیزه نبودن سیستم آبیاری ­راندمان­ متوسط بهره­ برداری ­از ­­­آب کانال­ کمتر ­از­۳٠ ­درصد می­باشد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
187 - An Agro-Climatic Zoning of dryland whea Based on the date of the first rainfall 10 mm In the cultivation season in Kermanshah
Rastegar Mohammadi Javad Khoshhal Dasjerdi Daryosh RahimiClimate is the most important factor that determines the type of crop to planting in each region. Due to the fact that the cultivation of dryland wheat is a priority in the province, this study was selected. In this study, climatic data of 6 synoptic stations (1989-2012 MoreClimate is the most important factor that determines the type of crop to planting in each region. Due to the fact that the cultivation of dryland wheat is a priority in the province, this study was selected. In this study, climatic data of 6 synoptic stations (1989-2012) and 8 climatology stations (2008-2013) were used. Due to the date of the beginning of autumn rains, planting date was suggested for each region of the province. Then different types of probabilistic distributions were fitted to the planting date. The best statistical distribution was selected from the coefficient of determination and different growth stages of dryland wheat were determined. From the precipitation element, the required types of precipitation maps were extracted. Also from the temperature element, various temperature maps and temperature stresses were prepared. Finally, climatic zoning map of dry land wheat were extracted and from this map the areas with no potential of cultivation were omitted. The final map comprised four very good, good, medium and weak areas. And maps of zoning for 5 mm Precipitation revealed that very suitable area for cultivation of wheat was located in some parts of the Northwest, West and South west of Kermanshah province. And suitable areas, was in the Northwest, West, Southwest and medium areas was located in Southwest, West,Center, North, Northeast, and southeast, And weak areas are often located in center and northeast. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
188 - Sensitivity mapping of landslide occurrence by entropy and fuzzy logic models case study: Kermanshah city
Amir saffari Masoumeh HashemiEstimation of the ground to determine the zoning of sensitive areas movements, especially landslides range of research related to natural geographers is especially geomorphologists.Identification of sensitive areas to landslide can prevent the damages and also provide t MoreEstimation of the ground to determine the zoning of sensitive areas movements, especially landslides range of research related to natural geographers is especially geomorphologists.Identification of sensitive areas to landslide can prevent the damages and also provide the capability for slope stabilization projects. In this paper landslide risk zoning is done by entropy and fuzzy methods. According to studies nine factors have been determined as the most important factors in landslide risk which include: lithology, distance from stream, distance from fault, distance from road, slope, aspect, altitude, land use and rainfall. By overlaying data layers, the effects of these factors on landslides in study area was reviewed in GIS, then the effect of them was evaluated and finally zoning map of landslide risk was provided by using these 9 factors. Evaluating by experimental probability index shows that fuzzy model with index of 90% is more capable than entropy method with index of 50% in landslide risk assessment in Kermanshah Township. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
189 - شبیه سازی خط سیر چند نمونه از طوفان های گرد و غبار شدید استان کرمانشاه از دیدگاه همدید و مدل HYSPILT
قاسم کیخسروی محبوبه حاصلیفراوانی و شدت طوفان های گرد و غبار در سال های اخیر افزایش یافته و پیامدهای مختلف اقتصادی و اکولوژیکی را باعث شده است. این تحقیق به منظور تحلیل همدیدی و شناسایی منابع گرد و غبار استان کرمانشاه با استفاده از مدلHYSPILT و سیستم های گردشی جو در سطوح مختلف انجام گرفت. بررسی Moreفراوانی و شدت طوفان های گرد و غبار در سال های اخیر افزایش یافته و پیامدهای مختلف اقتصادی و اکولوژیکی را باعث شده است. این تحقیق به منظور تحلیل همدیدی و شناسایی منابع گرد و غبار استان کرمانشاه با استفاده از مدلHYSPILT و سیستم های گردشی جو در سطوح مختلف انجام گرفت. بررسی آماری سال های (2015-2007) نشان داد،از دو نمونه مطالعاتی، یکی از فراگیرترین پدیده گرد و غبار در ماه ژولای سال 2009 رخ داده که حدود سه روز(3/7/2009 تا 5/7/2009) دید افقی را در اکثر ایستگاه های مورد مطالعه به کمتر از 500 متر کاهش داده است. به منظور رسیدن به هدف ذکر شده ابتدا با استفاده از داده های جوی سطح بالا شامل ارتفاع ژئوپتانسیل ترازهای850،1000 و 500 هکتوپاسکال، باد مداری و نصف النهاری نقشه های گردشی جو با ترسیم در محیط GRADS ، مورد بررسی قرار گرفت، و همچنین برای تعیین مسیر حرکت ذرات غباری در 48 ساعت قبل از وقوع پدیده گرد و غبار، مدلسازی با روش ردیابی پسگرد و جلو گرد در سه سطح ارتفاعی اجراء شد. با بررسی الگوهای جوی طی روزهای طوفان می توان نتیجه گرفت که عامل اصلی ناپایداری های جوی منجر به طوفان گرد و غبار در لایه زیرین وردسپهر و در تراز 850 هکتوپاسکال شکل گرفته است. بنابراین در لایه پایین وردسپهر وجود یک مرکز کم ارتفاع بر روی شمال عربستان و ادامه آن با مرکز کم ارتفاع پاکستان و گسترش غرب سوی زبانه این کم ارتفاع سبب ایجاد شیو ارتفاعی و شیو فشاری شدید بر روی منطقه شده و بر شدت جریانات سطح زمین افزوده است. همچنین مطالعه مسیرهای انتقال ذرات از خروجی مدل نشان داد که بطور کلی کانون های گرد و غبار در طی روزهای وقوع طوفان شامل مناطق:1- شمال، شمال شرق و جنوب شرقی عراق2- شمال عربستان3- شمال شرق و مرکز سوریه4- نواحی جنوبی ترکیه5- نواحی مرکزی و جنوب غربی ایران می باشد. همچنین رهگیری جریان باد با روش جلوگرد نشان داد که بسته های هوا و توده های گرد و غبار همراه آنها، عمدتاً پس از گذر از استان های همدان،مرکزی،قم، تهران به نواحی شمالی سمنان و خراسان خواهند رسید. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
190 - Analysis Spatial the Solar Radiation Received by the Earth's Surface in Kermanshah Province and Locating solar sites
Firouz Mojarrad amanallah fathnia Saeed RajaeeHaving accurate information about received solar radiation in one place is necessary in order to develop solar project. For this reason estimating solar radiation is the main factor in find an appropriate location for a solar site. In the current study by Liu and Jordan MoreHaving accurate information about received solar radiation in one place is necessary in order to develop solar project. For this reason estimating solar radiation is the main factor in find an appropriate location for a solar site. In the current study by Liu and Jordan model to estimate the amount of radiation received and taking into consideration the different layers, including rural areas and roads, slope and aspect, elevation, temperature and humidity and TOPSIS model, optimum location was determined. According to the result of Liu and Jordan model, Kermanshah province was considered and result illustrates that on average, 495 calories per square centimeter solar energy during the day receives. Four Towns include: Sunghor, Sahne, Eslam Abad And followed that Ghasre Shirin city receives more and less the amount of radiation respectively. The average daily radiation in Qasr-e Shirin and javanrood are equal 528 and 443 calories per centimeter square respectively. According to result of location, Kermanshah with 908 square kilometers areas have most highly desirable areas to develop their solar sites respectively and Sarpozohab with 118 square kilometers has less potential. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
191 - The role of the range of movements "rock fall" in the Hazards rail (rail axis Zahedan-Kerman).
مریم نعمتی مریم نعمتی مصطفی خبازی مصطفی خبازی علیاصغر عبداللهی علیاصغر عبداللهی علی قضات علی قضاتRailway axes cross various shapes and geoforms on their trajectories, some of which are natural environments which can present risks for railway lines. Falling rocks are among the dangers that still threaten the country's railway fleet and cause damage every year. In th MoreRailway axes cross various shapes and geoforms on their trajectories, some of which are natural environments which can present risks for railway lines. Falling rocks are among the dangers that still threaten the country's railway fleet and cause damage every year. In this study, we first tried to map the risk assessment of rockfall in the Zahedan-Kerman railway (Nosrat Abad region) using geological, soil, vegetation, fault distance, channel distance, temperature, precipitation, slope and Prepared for the gradient, then the density of the OLI and Google Earth satellite images and the fracture densities in the study area were extracted using software ENVI 5.3, GEOMATICA and ARC GIS. The results of this study showed that the highest density of lineaments corresponds to the map of the zoning of the rockfall, in particular at 15 km in the median axis of the Nusratabad railway line. On the other hand, in the field surveys carried out with the workshop experts, the workshop manager and the technical director of the Sistan Train and the Baluchestan province, 4 stations were identified likely to fall in the mountainous area , of which 3 more likely The release phenomenon was selected, the last environmental examination as well as quantitative calculations on the triple stations showed that the mass of the second station with 521136/864 m3 was the most sensitive bulk volume and station 2 with 779278/883 m3 was the second largest base. And finally, the third row belongs to the last station with 898599/774 cubic meters of volume of eastern falling mass. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
192 - بررسی اقلیم گردشگری استان کرمانشاه با استفاده از شاخصهای دمای معادل فیزیولوژیک (PET) و اقلیم آسایش گردشگری (TCI)
فاطمه منوچهری فاطمه منوچهری منصور پروین منصور پروینیکی از نیازهای اساسی به منظور توسعه توانمندی­های گردشگری یک منطقه، اقلیم مناسب گردشگری می باشد. استفاده از پتانسیل­های گردشگری، نیازمند ارزیابی اقلیم آسایش با استفاده از روش­های علمی مورد قبول است تا به­طور سیستماتیک تأثیر عناصر اقلیمی بر فعالیت گردشگران Moreیکی از نیازهای اساسی به منظور توسعه توانمندی­های گردشگری یک منطقه، اقلیم مناسب گردشگری می باشد. استفاده از پتانسیل­های گردشگری، نیازمند ارزیابی اقلیم آسایش با استفاده از روش­های علمی مورد قبول است تا به­طور سیستماتیک تأثیر عناصر اقلیمی بر فعالیت گردشگران را مشخص سازد. با توجه به این ضرورت، در پژوهش حاضر به بررسی اقلیم گردشگری استان کرمانشاه با استفاده از دو شاخص دمای معادل فیزیولوژیک و شاخص آسایش اقلیمی انجام گرفت. این مطالعه؛ شامل تحلیل الگوی پراکندگی زمانی و مکانی مقادیر محاسبه شده برای این دو شاخص؛ به­منظور ارزیابی اقلیم آسایش در برنامه­ریزی­های گردشگری به­ویژه گردشگری طبیعی می باشد. بدین­منظور از داده­های 10 ایستگاه هواشناسی که شامل دمای هوا (متوسط و حداکثر دمای روزانه)، فشار بخار، رطوبت نسبی (متوسط و حداقل روزانه)، متوسط رطوبت نسبی روزانه، سرعت باد، میزان ابرناکی، بارش، کل ساعات آفتابی و میانگین سرعت باد طی بازه زمانی 16 ساله (1380-1396) بوده است؛استفاده گردید. پس از آماده نمودن داده­ها، آماره کلموگروف - اسمیرنوف برای آزمون نرمال بودن آن­ها بکار گرفته شد. تعیین پراکنش­های همگن مکانی و زمانی مقادیر شاخص دمای معادل فیزیولوژیک و شاخص اقلیم آسایش گردشگری هم با تحلیل خوشه­ای و بر اساس داده­های اقلیمی مورد استفاده انجام گرفت. مقادیر بدست آمده برای هر دو شاخص نشان داد که وضعیت اقلیم گردشگری استان مورد مطالعه بیش از هر چیزی؛ متأثر از شرایط توپوگرافی آن می باشد. به­گونه­ای که مناطق غربی و مرکزی با ارتفاع زیاد در سطح استان (شهرستان­های سنقر، کنگاور، هرسین، صحنه، کرمانشاه، جوانرود و اسلام­آباد غرب) در طی سال شرایط متفاوتی در مقایسه با مناطق شرقی و کم­ارتفاع­تر استان (سرپل ذهاب، گیلانغرب و قصر شیرین) به لحاظ آسایش اقلیمی و درجه تنش فیزیولوژیک دارند. به لحاظ پراکنش زمانی، اردیبهشت، خرداد و مهر مناسب­ترین زمان برای انجام فعالیت گردشگری در استان کرمانشاه می باشد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
193 - Intrudoction to the flora,life form and plant geogerafical distribiuotion of haraun Region,in kerman province ,iran
S.M.A Vakili ShahrbabakThe harrarun region,with total area about 13000Hectars,and with average altitiude about2044meters from the sea Level,,situated in Sowth of Baft city in kerman province,iran, the aim of this study was to identify and introduce the flora of hararrun region .flora of this MoreThe harrarun region,with total area about 13000Hectars,and with average altitiude about2044meters from the sea Level,,situated in Sowth of Baft city in kerman province,iran, the aim of this study was to identify and introduce the flora of hararrun region .flora of this region includes:112plant species(3gymnosperms7monocots and 102dicots).that belong to 33 families and89genera.the important families are Asteracea, Lamiaceae,، Papilonaceae,Rosaceae, and Geramineae,with15,15,13,8 and 6species respectively,life form of the plant species of hararun region include:hemicryptophytes 29/47%therophytes 27/67%chamephytes11/64% phanerophytes %11/6jeophyte:11/6% chryptophytes: 7/14%: from the veiw point of regional elements plants of this region include: ،65/17%Irano-turanian, 12/5%Irano-turanian and saharo-sindian, ، 8/05% saharo-sindian,6/7%Mediterranean 4/4% Hyrcanean3/65%cosmic Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
194 - Comparative study of biochemical parameters of Pinus nigra and P. elderica cultivated in the area around Sarcheshmeh Copper Complex and Kantuyeh
حکیمه علومی فرخنده رضانژاد بتول کرامتIn this study, two pine species planted around Sarcheshmeh Copper Complex including Pinus nigra and P. elderica were sampled. Plants from Kantuyeh garden (at a distance of 9 km away from the factory) as a control area were also sampled. Parameters such as photosynthetic MoreIn this study, two pine species planted around Sarcheshmeh Copper Complex including Pinus nigra and P. elderica were sampled. Plants from Kantuyeh garden (at a distance of 9 km away from the factory) as a control area were also sampled. Parameters such as photosynthetic pigments, phenolic compounds, proteins, and antioxidant enzymes such as catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, guaiacol peroxidase, and polyphenol oxidase activity were compared in the samples obtained from the two regions. Both species showed less photosynthetic pigments in the area around the factory compared to the control area. Antioxidant enzymes activity was higher in the area around the factory in both species under study. The results suggested the existence of stress conditions for the plants cultivated in the area around Sarcheshmeh Copper Complex which is shown in antioxidant enzymes activity and phenolic compounds concentrations and also higher protein content in P. nigra; these species are capable to resist the pollution in the environment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
195 - The pollution effect of Kermanshah petrochemical industry on some growth and physiological characteristics of Pinus eldarica Medw. and Cupressus sempervirens L.
Ali Rostami M. AsgariNatural and artificial forests absorb air pollutants and reduce pollution in addition to wood production. This study investigated the role of Polchahr forestation region in Kermanshah was investigated in reducing pollution due to petrochemical industry and also the effe MoreNatural and artificial forests absorb air pollutants and reduce pollution in addition to wood production. This study investigated the role of Polchahr forestation region in Kermanshah was investigated in reducing pollution due to petrochemical industry and also the effect of zinc and chromium on physiological characteristics and growth of Pinus eldarica Medw. and Cupressus Sempervirens L. The plantation area in Petrochemicals factory (infected site) and a plantation area around Petrochemicals (control site) were designated for the study. Results showed that the concentration of the two elements in roots and stems of both species in the infected site were significantly higher than the control site. Also in the area infested with the two elements, the shoot and root lengths of Pinus eldarica Medw. species decreased significantly compared to the control area while in Cupressus sempervirens L. only root length in the contaminated area was significantly difference from the control areas. Moreover, results showed that in the infected area, total chlorophyll, and proline and sugar contents in the leaves of the Pinus eldarica Medw. and Cupressus sempervirens L. species were significantly different compared to the disinfected area. In general, reduction in the pollution with zinc and chromium was more in Pinus eldarica Medw. than in Cupressus sempervirens Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
196 - مقایسه ویژگیهای بیوشیمیایی دو گونه Pinus nigra و P. eldarica در خاکهای آلوده اطراف مجتمع مس سرچشمه کرمان و خاکهای کمتر آلوده منطقه کنتوئیه
حکیمه علومی فرخنده رضانژاد بتول کرامت -
Open Access Article
197 - Floristic study of Einolkosh area in Kermanshah
مهتاب Shahraki منیژه Pakravan یونس AsriEinolkosh region covers an area of 2000 hectares situated in the southwest of Kermanshah. Minimum and maximum altitudes of study area are 1550 and 1850 m, respectively. Mean annual precipitation of the area is 430.7mm and mean annual temperature is 15.1˚C. The aim of th MoreEinolkosh region covers an area of 2000 hectares situated in the southwest of Kermanshah. Minimum and maximum altitudes of study area are 1550 and 1850 m, respectively. Mean annual precipitation of the area is 430.7mm and mean annual temperature is 15.1˚C. The aim of this research was to identify the plant species, introducing the flora, determination of life forms and geographical distribution of species in the area. For this purpose, plant samples were collected from different habitats of the area during growing seasons in 1385. The biological spectrum of the area was plotted by means of life forms results. The position of the area within Iran’s phytogeography classification was studied based on geographical distribution data. In this study, 156 species are collected and identified. These species belong to 27 families and 118 genera. The following families had the highest number of species: Asteraceae (32 species), Fabaceae (27 species) and Poaceae (14species). Therophytes with 91 species (58.3%) are the most frequent life form. Investigation on geographical distribution of species showed 86 species (55.1 %) belong to Irano–Turanian region. Of these, 12 species are endemics of Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
198 - Essential oil composition and antioxidant activity of Salvia officinalis L. and Achillea millefoliom L. from Kerman province
syed Mohammad Ali Vakili ShahrbabakiSalvia officinalis L. and Achillea millefoliom L. have been reported as an antioxidant, anti infection and anti inflammatory. In this study aerial parts of both of plants in blooming were collected in June 2014 (1700m) from their natural habitats in Kerman provinc MoreSalvia officinalis L. and Achillea millefoliom L. have been reported as an antioxidant, anti infection and anti inflammatory. In this study aerial parts of both of plants in blooming were collected in June 2014 (1700m) from their natural habitats in Kerman province. Essential oils were obtained by hydro-distillation (Clevenger apparatus) and were analyzed by GC/MS. Total phenol content was measured by Folin–Ciocalteau method and their antioxidant activity was measured by DPPH. Results were showed that the oil of Salvia officinalis L. had higher amount of phenolic compounds (1.8 mg E GA/ml) and antioxidant activity(99.48% radical scavenging). The camphor (33.6%), α-tujene (25.4%) and 1,8-cineole(13.8%) were the most components of S.officinalis L. essential oil, respectively and the 1,8-cineole (22.3%), carvacrol (15%) and γ-terpinene were the most components of A.millefolium L. These results were confirmed that the secondary metabolites of these plants possess antioxidant activity and could be used as a natural antioxidant ingredient in food and drug industries. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
199 - Ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants of the South Kerman
Seyeh Hamzeh Hosseini Hossein Bibak Abdollah Ramezani qaraAbstract: Present study was done to investigate the ethnobotanical knowledge in south Kerman which contains 7 cities. Data were collected from 129 herbal healer using semi-structured questionnaires and open interviews. Information including local name, scientific name, MoreAbstract: Present study was done to investigate the ethnobotanical knowledge in south Kerman which contains 7 cities. Data were collected from 129 herbal healer using semi-structured questionnaires and open interviews. Information including local name, scientific name, ailments treated, part used, mode of preparation, and life form were recorded. A total of 251 plant species belonging to 63 families were identified and recorded as the medicinal herbs. Identification of the 103 plant species as the medicinal herb for the first time in this region was the highlighted result of thisg; study. Gastrointestinal, skin, general and unspecified, and respiratory diseases, respectively ranked as the most utilized ailments category for medicinal plants in this region. Asteraceae, Apiaceae, and Lamiaceae, respectively were the top medicinal plants families. Also, Ferula, Artemisia and Nepeta were the mostly used plant genera. Rhazya stricta, Calotropis procera, Artemisia spp., Zataria multiflora, and Berberis integerrima as the medicinal plants with high use report showed the most uses for wounds, skin disorders, stomach ache, respiratory disorders and diabetes, respectively. The most commonly plants part used were Leaf, flower, seed, and fruit. The commonly crud drug administration was decoction and poultice. In general, the findings suggested that valuable information is available within cultures and subcultures of the folk communities from different parts of the country and with recording of this knowledge could preserve them. Also, could be as the beginning of the applied research in the pharmaceutical and healthcare studies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
200 - Effect of edaphic conditions on phytochemical latex yield of bitter asafetida (Ferula assa-foetida L.) medicinal plant in two natural habitats in Kerman province
Amir Saadatfar Samira Hossein Jafari Iraj TavassolianThis study was performed in 2018 to investigate the effect of edaphic conditions on latex yield of (Ferula assa-foetida L.) in two natural habitats of Kerman province located in elevation of 2600 m. Soil and This plant samplings were done using completely randomized met MoreThis study was performed in 2018 to investigate the effect of edaphic conditions on latex yield of (Ferula assa-foetida L.) in two natural habitats of Kerman province located in elevation of 2600 m. Soil and This plant samplings were done using completely randomized method. After extraction of later essential oil by hydro-distillation method, and were analyzed by using GC-MS. The results of T-test showed that moisture, silt, organic matter, phosphorous (p<0.01) and nitrogen (p<0.05) parameters had a significant increase in Paseeb habitat but in Sardar habitat other parameters including sand percentage, calcium carbonate and potassium were significant (p<0.01). Total amount of latex and the essential oil content indicated a significant increase and decrease in Paseeb habitat (66.86 gr and 6%) compared to Sardar habitat (56.37 gr and 8%), respectively. The main compounds percentages such as (E)-1-propenyl sec butyl disulfide (51.48%), α-Pinene (6.92%), β-Pinene (9.34%) and Cis-Ocimene (7.65%) in Sardar region was more than Paseeb habitat (49.75%, 3.22%, 5.87% and 7.64%, respectively). Both habitats had the most latex yield in 10 incisions. Based on the results, there was positive and significant correlation between latex yield with the moisture, silt, organic matter, nitrogen and phosphorous. There was a negative correlation between essential oil contents, sulfurous compounds, α-Pinene, β-Pinene and Limonene with moisture but a positive correlation between these parameters with lime amount (p<0.01). The results indicated that the difference in latex yield, quantity and quality of essential oil can be due to edaphic conditions or genetic changes. In order to maintain and sustainable use of this plant, harvesting is recommended during 10 stages of razor cutting. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
201 - Investigation of the effect of drought stress on yield and yield components ofCuminum cyminum L. ecotypes in climatic conditions of Kerman Province
Elham Moslemi Mohammad Mehdi Akbarian Seid Zabihllah Ravari Mohammad Reza Yavarzadeh Nader Modafeh-BehzadiCumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) is one of the most important medicinal plants, with a short growth period and low water requirement, suitable for cultivation in arid and semi-arid regions of Iran. Drought is one of the most important factors limiting plant growth worldwide a MoreCumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) is one of the most important medicinal plants, with a short growth period and low water requirement, suitable for cultivation in arid and semi-arid regions of Iran. Drought is one of the most important factors limiting plant growth worldwide and the most common environmental stress. In the case of medicinal plants, drought may have a noticeable effect on the yield and amount of active ingredients. In order to investigate the drought tolerance of cumin crop ecotypes, a split-plot experiment was conducted in the form of a randomized complete block design with three replications at the Agriculture and Natural Resources Research and Education Center in the crop year 2019-1400. In this study, the effect of drought stress at three levels (normal irrigation, interruption of irrigation after 50% flowering of the field, and interruption of irrigation after 100% flowering of the field) on five cumin ecotypes (Mahan, Kohbanan, Khosuf, Kashmer, Sabzevar) was investigated. The results of the analysis showed the effect of ecotype and stress separately and together on all investigated traits such as plant height, number of umbels per plant, umbrella number per umbrella, seeds number per plant, harvest index, number of secondary branches, seed yield, biological yield, straw weight and stubble and the percentage of seed essential oil were significant at the five percent level. The highest seed yield and percentage of essential oil in the Khosuf ecotype were obtained under stress-free conditions and irrigation interruption after 50% flowering of the field, respectively. The regression results in all three irrigation conditions showed that the number of umbels, umbrellas and the number of seeds per plant can lead to the highest yield and are the most important factors in determining seed yield. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
202 - تاثیر مقادیر مختلف کود نیتروژنه و زمان برداشت بر کمیت و کیفیت اسانس و میزان فنل کل در گیاه دارویی Satureja hortensis L. در استان کرمان
میترا مهربانی زهرا مهدوی میمند بهشته خاندانی زاده نوید حسن آبادی -
Open Access Article
203 - The Study of Spatial Distribution of Service Centers in Kerman City than Geomorphic Phenomena
محسن پورخسروانی &rlm;سیده الهام موسویWide land allocated to cities, that the land topography and geomorphology are made up of ‎different units. Each of the cities develop and expand, they deal with various issues related to ‎their geomorphology and more costly. Because of the dynamic geomorphology MoreWide land allocated to cities, that the land topography and geomorphology are made up of ‎different units. Each of the cities develop and expand, they deal with various issues related to ‎their geomorphology and more costly. Because of the dynamic geomorphology and dynamics of ‎the natural environment is always connected, any action related to urban development in line with ‎the dynamics and the dynamics and therefore crosses the geomorphological phenomena. In the ‎context of this study, the spatial distribution service centers to geomorphologic units in Kerman ‎city evaluated. The results show that due to the natural position of Kerman almost all service ‎centers at the surfaces are smooth with a slope of zero to 2% and only a limited number of ‎commercial centers of convex surfaces with a slope of 8% and 100% respectively. The results ‎indicate that the extent of distribution service centers in Kerman seismic risk is not appropriate at ‎all. So 23.1% of the training centers, 5.34% of health centers, 22.2% of administrative centers, ‎‎14% of commercial centers and 18.9% of the sports centers in areas with severe and very severe ‎degradation. The results show that 50% of the training centers, 56%health centers and 4.57 of ‎administrative centers, 2.62 of a percent of the commercial centers, and 3.70% sports centers are ‎located in areas of subsidence. It should be noted that 34.5% of health centers and 23.1% ‎training centers in areas with severe degradation and needs basic planning to deal with risks.‎ Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
204 - Assessment and comparative analysis level of sustainability in old and new urban neighborhoods (Case study: old and new urban neighborhoods in Kerman)
صدیقه میمندی پاریزیSustainable urban development, as the most important matter of today urban planning, is on the principle that a city space is formed in the neighborhood and continues on its base; so neighborhood development is considered as the key action to achieve sustainable develop MoreSustainable urban development, as the most important matter of today urban planning, is on the principle that a city space is formed in the neighborhood and continues on its base; so neighborhood development is considered as the key action to achieve sustainable development. In this way, assessment of the sustainability is considered as an effective step towards achieving urban sustainability with the use of various indicators in urban neighborhoods. The purpose of this study is assessment and comparative analysis of sustainability in old and new neighborhoods in Kerman, and it is a combination of remained neighborhoods of the previous periods and new urban developments, due to its historical development. Meanwhile each of these two neighborhoods, based on their conditions and characteristics, represent the degree of adaptation with principles of sustainable development. The descriptive-analytical method is used in this research and the results of this research are practical-developmental. In this study, five dimensions of sustainability were evaluated in 49 indicators, after reviewing the literature and exploratory studies in Kerman areas, including environmental, physical- spatial, socio-cultural, economic and institutional-political. After completing the questionnaire, methods and statistical techniques have been used to analyze the sustainability level, such as Pearson, single-sample T-test, K2 test, Regression analysis in Spss software, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. The results have shown that the most stable dimension is the economic one in both neighborhoods. In general, the sustainaability in the old and new urban neighborhoods in Kerman is lower than the average value and Malek Mosque (old urban neighborhood) is in a worse situation than Motahari (new urban neighborhood). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
205 - Measurement And evaluation Resiliency Institutional and physical-environmental Urban communities to reduce natural disasters, Earthquake(Case study: Kerman city)
Ali Asghar Abdollahi Hojatollah Sharafi Yasser SabahiNatural disasters potential to bring this terrible disaster risk reduction systems become absenc. Recently, resiliency, as one of the effective measures for crisis management, Community-Based Approach to promote urban communities in times of instability due to disasters MoreNatural disasters potential to bring this terrible disaster risk reduction systems become absenc. Recently, resiliency, as one of the effective measures for crisis management, Community-Based Approach to promote urban communities in times of instability due to disasters. The main objective of this study is assessing the resilience index and constructive citizens (Institutional and physical - environmental) and determine the contribution of the factors resilience and their capacity to mitigate against natural (earthquake) in Kerman city.The research method is descriptive and analytical the type of relationship.The data required for analysis collected using a questionnaire which its validity and reliability by Cronbach's alpha 887/0 formally approved. The population studied was the citizens of the city of Kerman.Finally, according to the terms of resiliency factors considered, the Institutional and physical - environmental indicators and factors that are mentioned in the above, And also utilizes software (spss) and statistical,one-sample t (One Sample T- test), Pearson correlation and multiple regression analysis techniques are Also for weighting the criteria and sub-criteria of Shannon entropy and four municipalities in the ranking to assess the resilience of techniques and models ( WP,SAR) is used.Our results show that there is a significant relationship between the resiliency of citizens Institutional and physical – environmental components citizens against natural disasters, especially earthquakes. In this study, we hypothesized that the relationship between independent and dependent variables are the same approval and showing a high resiliency citizens about natural disasters with emphasis on earthquake. Finally, based on the techniques listed and ranked in order of zones, Zone 1, Zone 3, Zone 2, Zone 4 in terms of resiliency ranked. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
206 - The spatial reflections of the Iran-Iraq war on the urban network and the hierarchy of the cities of Kermanshah province based on the class-difference limit model
tahereh shahbazi Abbas Malek Hosseiniin recent years, for many reasons populated urban centers of Iran with severe spatial changes that resulted in the increase in small and medium urban imbalance in the hierarchy of the country were observed. This study examined the hierarchy of urban developments to thos Morein recent years, for many reasons populated urban centers of Iran with severe spatial changes that resulted in the increase in small and medium urban imbalance in the hierarchy of the country were observed. This study examined the hierarchy of urban developments to those in the cities of Kermanshah province during the 1976 to the 2016 war time on the urban network hierarchical province .The method of the present research was quantitative - analysis in which models of deferential class analysis, prime city index, the rank - size, ranking model modification have been used. The results showed that the distribution pattern of urban settlements in Kermanshah province was unbalanced during war which imposed imbalances to all the difference parts. It was found that Kermanshah city due to the performance of various factors have had a strong performance, and had attracted surrounding populations from other provinces, especially in times of war as a city which was predominant caused uneven systems in the city. Therefore, in order to maintain the last balance, a phase of reallocation and redirection of functions to the neighboring cities is recommended. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
207 - Promoting Sustainable Urban Development Culture Using Information and Communication Technology in the West Urban Areas of Kermanshah Province
Mohtaram Mirzaeian to bijan rahmaniSustainable urban development is a development that responds to the needs of the urban people, on the condition that its survival and durability is also guaranteed, and three vital elements, that is, water, soil, and air which are essential for human life do not get mir MoreSustainable urban development is a development that responds to the needs of the urban people, on the condition that its survival and durability is also guaranteed, and three vital elements, that is, water, soil, and air which are essential for human life do not get miry or be useless. The present study was conducted to introduce an operational approach to sustainable urban development by presenting a discourse for promoting the culture of sustainable urban development in the west urban areas of Kermanshah province. The research method was descriptive-analytic and the required information was collected in two ways of documentary-library method and field studies. To analyze the data using SPSS software, the researchers used Spearman test. The results of the study indicated that by reforming people’s attitudes and promoting the level of community culture, citizens may participate in the process of sustainable urban development with more responsibility. Moreover, information and communication technology (ICT) plays an important role in promoting the values and norms of sustainable urban development in the community. The lack of prioritization of views on the principle of sustainability and non-reformation of environmental-urban attitudes is one of the major challenges of the failure to achieve the culture of sustainable urban development. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
208 - Evaluating the Public Participations in Renovation of Worn-out Urban Texture (A Case Study of the Old Neighborhoods of Kermanshah)
mostafa shahinifar eghbal Pahkideh Farzin CharehjooCharehjoo Jila KhaledianProblems of worn-out urban areas in megalopolises are always seen as one of the obstacles to the rapid development in cities, because the lack of adequate infrastructure is a major obstacle in the provision of municipal services in these areas and also residence, employ MoreProblems of worn-out urban areas in megalopolises are always seen as one of the obstacles to the rapid development in cities, because the lack of adequate infrastructure is a major obstacle in the provision of municipal services in these areas and also residence, employment, leisure and transportation as the main functions of the urban texture have never lacked optimal efficiency. The existing problems such as problems of health, environment, heavy traffic jams, lack of resistance to natural disasters and crime and social damages, are all the causes of the slow development of the city. This article analyzes the factors affecting people's participation in the renovation of the worn-out urban areas in Kermanshah and tries to answer the questions related to the attitudes of the residents about the worn-out urban texture in Kermanshah as well as whether the distressed areas of the modernization of the tissues compared to the expected approach about participation is random or if there is a significant relationship between them. The methodology of this study in terms of the purpose and nature is descriptive. In this study, since the data are non-parametric, chi-square (x2) test was used for the analysis. Also, the use of the variable of participation is divided into three layers of high, medium and low goodness approach was used the results of which showed that there was a meaningful difference between the observed frequencies and the expected level of public participation in the renovation of worn-out urban areas in Kermanshah. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
209 - Study the Effect of Public Transportation Expansion on Housing Price Using the Hedonic Model (A Case Study of Kermanshah)
Marjan movahed Hojat SheikhiLand and housing prices are subject to various factors and conditions. Therefore, prices are different in different times and places. In other words, at the level of a city, land and housing prices are different from one region to another based on local and socio-econom MoreLand and housing prices are subject to various factors and conditions. Therefore, prices are different in different times and places. In other words, at the level of a city, land and housing prices are different from one region to another based on local and socio-economic characteristics. The change in prices is one of the most visible economic reflections of intervention in physical tissue of the cities. Public transport is one of the essential services of today’s cities and ensuring that it is delivered efficiently and effectively is one of the priorities of many cities. The purpose of the present research is to study the effect of expansion of public transport on housing price using Hedonic model in the neighborhoods of Kasra, 22 Bahman and Towns of Maskan and Moallem in Kermanshah. This research is applied in which correlation method and Hedonic function were used. The effects of independent variable and dependent variables were evaluated using field studies. Thirteen variables were used of which physical condition, situation and access can be mentioned. Eviews and SPSS software were used to analyze the data and estimate the model. The obtained results showed that the coefficients of all the understudy variables were statistically meaningful. Since the p-value for all variables was less than 0.05, so there is a meaningful relationship between the price of residential units and the studied variables. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
210 - Assessment of Livability in Urban Regions Using Planning Techniques (A case of Kermanshah metropolis)
Mehrangiz Mohamadi Abbas MalekHoseiniThe significance of assessing livability lies in its capacity to unveil the economic, social, and environmental characteristics of a region. In this descriptive-analytical research, the focus is on investigating the subjective dimension of livability in Kermanshah metro MoreThe significance of assessing livability lies in its capacity to unveil the economic, social, and environmental characteristics of a region. In this descriptive-analytical research, the focus is on investigating the subjective dimension of livability in Kermanshah metropolis. Employing a survey method based on a questionnaire, the sample size of 384 people was determined using the Cochran method, with samples selected based on the population of each region. After confirming the validity and reliability of the questionnaire, citizens' responses were entered into SPSS21 software to calculate the average of each index in the regions. The indicators were weighted using the Shannon entropy method. Livability status in the urban regions of Kermanshah was then examined using planning techniques such as TOPSIS, VIKOR, and SAW. Given the different ranking results provided by these techniques, the research employed the method of percentage and intensity of changes to identify the most suitable technique for measuring and ranking livability. Results reveal that, according to TOPSIS and VIKOR techniques, livability in most metropolitan regions of Kermanshah is unfavorable, with only region 5 deemed suitable. Conversely, the SAW technique evaluates the livability as favorable. Through the change percentage method, it was determined that the TOPSIS technique is more suitable for ranking and measuring the livability of Kermanshah metropolis. The research concludes with suggestions for enhancing the livability of Kermanshah metropolis. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
211 - Investigating the Effects of Urbanization of Qarahsoo River on Kermanshah Using SWOT Model
siroos rezaee bijan RahmaniInner-city rivers are acknowledged as environmental assets for cities, actively contributing to the provision of environmental resources, biodiversity, and environmental vitality. This research focuses on assessing the impact of urbanization on the Qarasu river system. MoreInner-city rivers are acknowledged as environmental assets for cities, actively contributing to the provision of environmental resources, biodiversity, and environmental vitality. This research focuses on assessing the impact of urbanization on the Qarasu river system. Specifically, it investigates the effects of human activities and the expanding urban footprint on the drainage pattern, alterations in the river channel, and associated geomorphological risks in the city of Kermanshah. By employing the chi-square test across two main time frames and five sub-frames, the study delves into the consequences of urbanization on the Qara-Su River over four decades. The research results underscore a significant relationship between changes in the width of the Qara-Su river channel, as swiftly evaluated through geomorphic analysis, and the land use in the surrounding areas. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
212 - The study of Geomorphological Limitation for the Kermanshah Urban Physical Development
Mohammad Mehdy Hosieynzade Mohammad Reza Servati Mozafar Sarafi Reza Esmaeyli Roya PanahiThe emergence and establishment of cities is subjected to environmental and natural phenomena more than any other factor. The reason is that natural phenomena have certain effect on location finding, dispersion, penetration and prevalence area, physical development and MoreThe emergence and establishment of cities is subjected to environmental and natural phenomena more than any other factor. The reason is that natural phenomena have certain effect on location finding, dispersion, penetration and prevalence area, physical development and urban morphology. Following economic and social evolution in the last decades, the trend of urbanization in Iran has led to ungovernable development of cities. This development, improper and incongruence with capacities and natural facilities, has created unsightly consequences in bio-skeletal space of cities. Considering the points mentioned, the purpose of this study is to examine geomorphological limitations for physical development of Kermanshah and its proper location in future development .To achieve this purpose of a topographic map, geology , landslide, land use, erosion, meteorological data, and field research using library resources is taken. Using DEM 1:25000 from Iran Mapping Organization, the information related to slope, the aspect and altitude height of the area have been obtained, then based on fuzzy GIS ARC, the earth has been zoned for physical development of Kermanshah based on two factors including natural factors (altitude height, slope, aspect, geology, fault, flood, landslide, land use, erosion and quadruplet protecting areas) and human factors (highway, power transmission lines, army areas) .The final result of fuzzy multiplying of final map has been obtained from the location tree. Improper area which is 51617 hectare, average area which is 1372 hectare and proper area which is 1126 hectare were recognized. The major proper area is located in areas higher than Ghareh So River which ends up to Kermanshah- Sanandaj road in western part and it continues linear to the eastern part. Another area has been located in south western in Javanrood- Kermanshah road and a polygon has been located in south part of Kermanshah near Islam Abad road. The major part of improper area has been found to be located in north, south and south eastern and in the central part, on Ghare So River due to flooding and fault. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
213 - Application of Ecological Footprint for evaluation sustainable region Geographical (case study: Kermanshah Township)
Mostafa Shahinifar Mirsalar HabibiEcological foot print, as one of the most important sustainability indicator, which was initially introduced by Wackernagel and Rees in 1992, has received considerable attention and has been promoted as a policy and planning tool for sustainability. The methodology of t MoreEcological foot print, as one of the most important sustainability indicator, which was initially introduced by Wackernagel and Rees in 1992, has received considerable attention and has been promoted as a policy and planning tool for sustainability. The methodology of this article is based on descriptive and explanatory method. The main purpose of this research is to determine ecological footprint of township of kermanshah. The findings show that the ecological footprint in the township of Kermanshah is 2.445 hectares per person. This value have been distributed in five main groups: Food 1.225 (ha), housing; 0.615(ha), transportation;0.275(ha), consumer goods; 0.27(ha) and Services; 0.06(ha).The results confirm the fact that the township of Kermanshah to meet the needs of its viability is dependent on the area beyond the township of Kermanshah .Since the bio capacity of 0.8 hectares for Iranian, Ecological footprint is 2.445 hectares in Kermanshah township means three times larger than their share of environmental capacity allocated to the township 's sustainability. In other words, it can be stated that taking the current trend continues , the township of Kermanshah for food , energy and land requires to absorb the carbon dioxide Space equivalent to 10 times larger than township itself and 3.3 fold of Kermanshah province . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
214 - Spatial analysis of urban hierarchy of Kermanshah period of time(1390-1375 )
Ali Shamaei Hasan Rahmati Tapeh Rasht Sharif Hajie Tash Naloos Neamat KordehThis study analyzes the spatial variations of urban hierarchy of Kermanshah province in the period of 1996-2011. This study aimed to explain the uneven distribution of population and social inequality-to reduce the economic disparities across the province. Analysi MoreThis study analyzes the spatial variations of urban hierarchy of Kermanshah province in the period of 1996-2011. This study aimed to explain the uneven distribution of population and social inequality-to reduce the economic disparities across the province. Analysis indicates that 29 cities of Kermanshah in 2011, with a population of about 851,405 people in the city of Kermanshah Province, 62.8% of the urban population ,approximately 16 times and 8times the second and third cities of the same province (Kangavar) population has the most unevenly distributed population. In fact, the lack of central cities in metropolitan networks in urban areas has created instability. This analytic method utilizing GIS, EXCEL, the rank-size model of a class difference, Entropy Coefficient and Lorenz Curve has been done. Results of the entire hierarchy of methods used in urban imbalance and instability tends to show instabilities. Based on a floor equal to 96.6 percent in 2011, more than 141 thousands of people in equations obtained from the following cities ranked as the cities of Kermanshah show much difference between the three periods and the line of normality. The entropy rate of 75 year /8to / 79 in 85 and in year 2011 ، /69 which indicates heterogeneity in the distribution of population was reached. The city of Kermanshah in terms of spatial distribution of population is the worst compared to other cities , so that, the first city ( Kermanshah ) has 216 times more population compared to the second city ( Kvzran ). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
215 - Analysis and Classification of Kerman Province in Terms of Educational Indicators Using TOPSIS
Hossein Ghazanfar Pour Amin Kakadezfuli Anis KakadezfuliRegional planning and development aiming at reducing regional disparities, are two important issues in developing countries. Identifying and analyzing the situation in various fields of regional development is the first step in the planning process. Then the bottlenecks MoreRegional planning and development aiming at reducing regional disparities, are two important issues in developing countries. Identifying and analyzing the situation in various fields of regional development is the first step in the planning process. Then the bottlenecks and constraints in areas can be characterized and removed. In other words, the allocation of funds and resources among different regions, identifying their position in the region and enjoying the benefits of ranking levels are all essential. The purpose of this study was to analyze and regionalize Kerman province as far as the physical indicators of education are considered. The main problem of the present study was that the cities in the province suffer from the inequality in education. Thus, determining the inequality may help the researchers in poverty reduction in the area. The research is a descriptive – analytical one. The data have been chosen from the statistical yearbook of population and housing census of the year 1390. These data have been analyzed based on 21 indicators, which are mainly physical factors affecting the education sector. The results showed that Kerman province can be classified into four main levels: 39% of its cities in the over-concentration rate; 21% in the above- concentration rate, 30% are in the mid- concentration rate, and less than 9% of the cities under- concentration rate. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
216 - The Role of Foot Bridge in Social-traffic Discipline and Safety Case study :( Kerman city)
Hojjat Allah SharafiTraffic in various cities depending on the social, cultural, and industrial and urbanity pertinence of that situation have different reasons. Excessive population growth and quick increase of the number of vehicles in our country and on the other hand, fixed physical st MoreTraffic in various cities depending on the social, cultural, and industrial and urbanity pertinence of that situation have different reasons. Excessive population growth and quick increase of the number of vehicles in our country and on the other hand, fixed physical structure and quality of pathways and streets, and the transformation states, leads to vehicle compressibility in communicative routes. Kerman as one of the metropolises in Iran is not an exception. Since one of main traffic problems of Kerman is related to cultural issue for encouraging people to use Foot Bridge, the main objective of this research is to study the existing bridge’s condition and analyze its efficiency. In an analytical and descriptive research through testing the null hypothesis , the quantitative results of which was verified by the collected qualitative data, the researcher attempted to determine the perception of the citizens of the efficiency of the existing footbridges. The findings revealed that citizens believes that existing structure of footbridge can't be helpful in reducing the traffic density in communicative routes in Kerman. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
217 - Evaluate the development of the city of Kermanshah from the perspective of allocating utilities indices
Saied Amanpur Hadi Alizadeh Safeyeh DamanbaghThe research adopts " descriptive- analysis" methodology to assess the development of the14 city of Kermanshah in terms of enjoyment indicators of urban services. In this regard eight of the civil services, namely: fire stations, public libraries, the number of pu MoreThe research adopts " descriptive- analysis" methodology to assess the development of the14 city of Kermanshah in terms of enjoyment indicators of urban services. In this regard eight of the civil services, namely: fire stations, public libraries, the number of public parks, many public hospitals, the number of fueling stations, the number of universities, the number of passenger terminals and the number of agencies, have been studied and related data were collected in Kermanshah province. The data was collected in 2012 and has been assessed to determine status of the aforementioned indicators. For data analysis purposes, factor models featuring a class settlement, Shannon entropy index, TOPSIS model, and the coefficient of variation were used. Research findings show the city of Kermanshah as a capital city of the province has a big difference with other cities in the province in terms of allocated utilities. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
218 - The Spatial Analysis of information technology Developmental Scales of the Cities of Kerman
Hosein GhazanfarpourThe geographical sites of Iran have a wide range of potentials and capabilities which is beneficial to governmental policies which in turn may lead to discriminated development levels in different regions. In Kerman province, the difference in geographical areas, the va MoreThe geographical sites of Iran have a wide range of potentials and capabilities which is beneficial to governmental policies which in turn may lead to discriminated development levels in different regions. In Kerman province, the difference in geographical areas, the vastness of the region, and the country divisions have all led to differing levels of development. In the present study, the attempt was made to investigate and assess the status of the communication technology accessibility of each one of the cities of Kerman province. This study was one of the quantitative – analytical and the applied approach for analyzing the elements of information technology in Kerman province which has deployed standard scoring, Vigstaph, Pacy, and Doursler's concentration scale. The results of the standard model demonstrated that the city of Kerman was at the first place having access to communication technology with the combination scale of 45.253; this city was at the over-concentration rate as the most communication technology concentrate in Kerman city. Yet the results of this study revealed that Rafsanjan (city) was located at the above-concentration rate position, and at the mid-concentration rate position were the cities of Jiroft, Sirjan, Baam, Baaft, Zarand, Kahnouj, Shahrbabak, and Bardsir; Meanwhile at the under-concentration rate position were the cities of : Ravar, Anbarabad, Southern Roudbar, GhalehGanj, Manoujan, Rigan, Fahraj, Kouhbanan, Rabor, and Anar. According to the Vigstaph, Pacy, and Doursler's concentration scale, the most concentrated elements of communication technology was that of Kerman city and it was placed at the first city in rank and at the over-concentration rate with 8.94 score scale. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
219 - The Analysis of Developmental Opportunities in an Old Urban Texture (Case Study: down town Kermanshah)
Leila MosaviDarAmrodi Majid Shams Nowzar GhanbariThe Population increase, as well as, the limitations of physical expansion and development in large cities reminds the necessity of improvement and innovation of the old urban texture of these cities. The aim of this study is to identify the potentials and internal limi MoreThe Population increase, as well as, the limitations of physical expansion and development in large cities reminds the necessity of improvement and innovation of the old urban texture of these cities. The aim of this study is to identify the potentials and internal limitations of urban texture of Kermanshah. Moreover, the study tries to show the external opportunities and threats of these areas. Furthermore, the feasibility of using developmental opportunities and promotion of environmental activities in old texture areas and central part of Kermanshah are analyzed too. The research is an applied one and the methodology of this research is descriptive- analytic. The relevant information was collected through library method and note-taking, a questionnaire, and field studies. Descriptive and inferential statistics along with SWAT model were used to analyze the data. Based on the results of four factors of the SWOT technique analysis, the district of the study has 12 advantages, 10 potentials,12 vulnerabilities, and9 threats. To draw the SWOT matrix, the top final score index of four factors (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats) were used. Based on this matrix in a logical framework the external main opportunities and threats can be compared with internal weakness and strength to determine compatible development patterns with external and internal situations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
220 - Improving human resources based on Islamic criteria to reduce conscious organizational forgetfulness of employees of government organizations in Kerman city
Rasoul Salarnejad Amin Nikpour Yaser Salari sanjar salajegheThe current research was carried out with the aim of designing a human resources improvement model based on Islamic criteria in order to reduce the conscious organizational forgetfulness of employees of government organizations in Kerman city. The statistical population MoreThe current research was carried out with the aim of designing a human resources improvement model based on Islamic criteria in order to reduce the conscious organizational forgetfulness of employees of government organizations in Kerman city. The statistical population of this research consists of two groups, the first group includes experts who are familiar with the theories of improving human resources based on Islamic criteria and reducing the conscious organizational forgetfulness of employees, whose number is unknown and scattered throughout the country, and how they are selected selectively. and in this research, in the section of compiling and designing the model, their opinion has been used, and the second group includes all the employees of government offices in Kerman city (29,697 people), who are busy performing their duties in all government offices of this city, according to Cochran's formula 380 One of them was selected as a sample. The methodology of conducting a descriptive-survey research and in the field of data collection from human resource improvement questionnaires based on Islamic criteria and conscious organizational forgetfulness of employees, whose validity is 0.92, 0.91, and reliability respectively. 0.98.2, 0.93.7 are used. According to the average obtained for the human resources improvement variables based on Islamic criteria in order to reduce the conscious organizational forgetfulness of the employees of government organizations in Kerman city, it can be said that these variables are at a more than satisfactory level. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
221 - The performance of Kermani ministers and their role in the Timurid bureaucracy, relying on the era Abu Sa'id and Sultan Hussein Beyyara
forugh rahimpoor ali rahimisadeghThe presence of Kermanian in the Timurd rule has increased their role in the the formation of the rule of sultan Abu Saeid Timo rey(855-873 AD) and sultan Hussein Bitarura(875-911AD). Suitable grounds and political and cultural motives of the Kermani ministers in Heart MoreThe presence of Kermanian in the Timurd rule has increased their role in the the formation of the rule of sultan Abu Saeid Timo rey(855-873 AD) and sultan Hussein Bitarura(875-911AD). Suitable grounds and political and cultural motives of the Kermani ministers in Heart brought them a good place.But this research while investigating the position of the Ministry seeks to answer the question: “What areas led to the growth of Kermani ministers in the Timurid court?” And hat role have they played in the structure of the Timurid bureaucracy? The research findings indicate that the kermani ministers through their fathers were familiar with the affairs of the Divani and in the light of their talents desirability and perseverance Ministers in their cultural artistic and educational affairs and their role in this field brought about the development of culture and art in timurid community. The papers approach emphasizes analytic explanation based on descriptive evidence from the main sources of research and on the library methodology. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
222 - A look at the social consequences of the conquest of Kerman after the Arab attack
faeezeh saberi farinaz hooshyar Soheila Torabi FarsaniThe Arab attack on Iran and the conquest of its cities had many consequences. Like other cities and states of Iran, Kerman was not spared from the changes resulting from the conquests and underwent many changes. Kerman, which was not a politically independent state unti MoreThe Arab attack on Iran and the conquest of its cities had many consequences. Like other cities and states of Iran, Kerman was not spared from the changes resulting from the conquests and underwent many changes. Kerman, which was not a politically independent state until the late 50s of AH, and from the second half of the first century of Hijri until around 129 AH (or 156 AH/779 AD), this province was annexed to Khorasan due to Its geographical location and distance from the center of the Caliphate became the center of many political, economic, social and cultural challenges. In this study, which was carried out in a descriptive-analytical way and by relying on library sources, an attempt was made to answer the question, what social consequences did the Arab attack on Kerman have? The results of the present research show that migration, reduction of urban population, conversion to Islam, change of urban structure were the most important social consequences of the Arab attack on Kerman, which the people of this city were involved with until the end of the Umayyad period. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
223 - Nationalist historiography in Qajar era
masoud tarzemani Masomeh gharadaghi abbas ghadimi ghidari manijeh sadriFollowing the confrontation of Qajar Iran in the second half of the 19th century with the Western world, important changes took place in the political and intellectual foundations of Iranians. Historiography, like other sectors, was influenced by global developments, so MoreFollowing the confrontation of Qajar Iran in the second half of the 19th century with the Western world, important changes took place in the political and intellectual foundations of Iranians. Historiography, like other sectors, was influenced by global developments, so that changes were made in the insights and methods of historiography of historians of this period, and steps were taken to move towards a new historiography.By changing the tradition of Iranian historiography and changing its form from the traditional form to the modern form, historians such as Akhundzadeh, Jalaluddin Mirza, Agha Khan Kermani, Talibov Tabrizi, focusing on nationalism, rewrote the history of Iran in the past centuries and highlighted The history of ancient Iran and the inclusion of this period as the period of national life of Iran laid the foundations of the national identity of modern Iran based on ancient identityIn this article, the emergence of nationalist historiography and its contexts and characteristics in Qajar Iran have been studied and analyzed by descriptive-analytical method. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
224 - Finding cities located on the Khorasan highway in Kermanshah (Sassanid axis of Qasr Shirin-Kermanshah)
saba gholami reza mehrafarin rasool mousavi hajiHistorical geography is a scientific method for studying ancient sites, locating cities and sites. Historical geography examines geographical factors throughout history. Western Iran has historically been important due to its strategic location and proximity to Iraq and MoreHistorical geography is a scientific method for studying ancient sites, locating cities and sites. Historical geography examines geographical factors throughout history. Western Iran has historically been important due to its strategic location and proximity to Iraq and its short distance from Ctesiphon. The Qasr Shirin-Kermanshah road has historical and commercial value. Connects. Kermanshah is the second province with the most artifacts from the Sassanid period. The trade route of Khorasan passes through Qasr Shirin and Kermanshah passes through Iran. Today, part of it corresponds to the road that goes from Iraq to Kermanshah. It is known as Qasr Shirin-Kermanshah Sassanid axis. The distance between Qasr Shirin and Kermanshah is the cities of Sarpol-e Zahab, Korand, Islamabad-e-Gharb and Mahidasht. Has. This ancient route is still used and important. During the Parthian and Sassanid eras, due to the role of commercial intermediation, this route was used. In the Islamic era, this region was part of the Jabal province. The importance of trade in this direction has created important and dynamic cities. This road has always been of interest to tourists and geographers. In this article, the historical geography of the region during the Parthian, Sassanid and Islamic eras has been studied. Manuscript profile -
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225 - خاندان های متنفذ کرمان و منازعات شیخی و بالاسری
دکترمحمد علی اکبری افشین صالحی -
Open Access Article
226 - The impact of the natural and human geography of Kermanshahan on the events of the first world war
Nasrollah PourMohammadi-e-amlashi Pourya EsmaeiliIn this research, the impact of the natural and human geography of Kermanshahan on theevents of the First World War is examined. with the onset of First World War in 1914/1332AH, with the formation of the interim government in Kermanshah and the support of theUnited Sta MoreIn this research, the impact of the natural and human geography of Kermanshahan on theevents of the First World War is examined. with the onset of First World War in 1914/1332AH, with the formation of the interim government in Kermanshah and the support of theUnited States from them and also the existence of Kurdish tribes in the early years of thewar, the Russian and British armies in western Iran were under pressure, this was due tothe fact that the Kurdish tribes curtailed them by familiarizing themselves with thehighways and mountainous areas, especially the Germans and the Ottoman forces. Thisarticle uses historical research method, based on the description and analysis of the variousaspects of the subject. The main findings indicate that this ancient area is due to certainclimatic conditions such as mountainous climate variation, the existence of tidal rivers,vast plains, ethnic diversity, and the Mesopotamian - Khorasan high way, has played asignificant role in the political transformations of World War I in western Iran. Manuscript profile -
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227 - ارائه مدل ساختاری تأثیر فعالیت های مدیریت منابع انسانی سبز بر عملکرد زیست محیطی با رویکرد(توانایی-انگیزش-فرصت) (مورد مطالعه: شرکت معادن زغال سنگ کرمان)
زهرا اسماعیلی طرزی محمد جلال کمالی نوید فاتحی راد سنجر سلاجقه -
Open Access Article
228 - Economic Loss of Dust Storms in Iran West Provinces Case Study of Ilam, Khuzestan and Kermanshah
Kouh Sar KhalediDust storm has made massive loss in west and south provinces of Iran during 2000s. In this study, the damages or losses caused by dust storms will be evaluated in the economy of highly vulnerable regions including Ilam, Khuzestan and Kermanshah during 2006-2011 using pa MoreDust storm has made massive loss in west and south provinces of Iran during 2000s. In this study, the damages or losses caused by dust storms will be evaluated in the economy of highly vulnerable regions including Ilam, Khuzestan and Kermanshah during 2006-2011 using parametric methods. The total economic losses of agricultural productions in these provinces has been estimated about 2,227 million dollars under the conditions of the first scenario and about 13,361 million dollars under the conditions of the fourth scenario. In 2009, each day off caused by dust storm in three provinces officially announced by local government has totally made 142 million dollars loss based on provincial value added and 66 million dollars loss based on average national value added. Following up the natural rights of citizens through regional and international organizations, implementing the crisis management, encouraging Iraq government to control the dust centers and supporting completely the economic actors, especially the farmers in provinces affected by the dust storms are recommended to solve the problem. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
229 - An investigation of Rhymes and Rows Structure in Kermani native songs of Shahrebabak City
Fatemeh Riahi Atamohammad Radmanesh Mahbobeh KHorasaniThe poet of ordinary poetry pays much more attention to music because music with an emotional effect prepares the mind of the audience to receive the poem's message. One of the most important pieces of music is rhyme and row in poetry; they have a special place in tradi MoreThe poet of ordinary poetry pays much more attention to music because music with an emotional effect prepares the mind of the audience to receive the poem's message. One of the most important pieces of music is rhyme and row in poetry; they have a special place in traditional Persian poetry and particularly in couplets form. In this article, in addition to introducing native songs and local couplets of Shahrebabak, the analysis of the structure of rhymes and rows has been done. Rhymes in native poems of Shahre-Babak, like all other dialects, are based on the alphabets of the near ending, and it is not based on the identical rhyming which is common in the formal Persian language. In cradlesongs and wedding poems, rhymes are sometimes removed to create music tone, or to use an extended pronouns to generate the rhythm. Rhyming is in the form of Masnavi in more than 10% of Shabarbak folk couplets. The rhymes of the same alphabets, like /M/, /R/, and /M/, /N/ and /L/, /R/ are more or less frequent in popular couplets of Shahrbabak. More than one over three of local couplets is associated with the row. Most of the couplets are in the "current" row and only 5 % of them has inactive rows. Row functions in local poems inspire the poet's inner sense, reinforce the poetry, help translating the concepts, emphasize an image or subject, and create a sense of pleasure. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
230 - Comparative Study of native and local elements in Houshang Moradi Kermani and Mohammad Bahman Beygi´s works
Asiyeh Faghih Parashkohi Asghar Eisapour KohleboniLiterary texts have long been the most important features of local vocabularies, proverbs, customs, and beliefs. Thus, the criticizing native and local elements in literary works has a significant role in survival of these concepts and transferring them to future genera MoreLiterary texts have long been the most important features of local vocabularies, proverbs, customs, and beliefs. Thus, the criticizing native and local elements in literary works has a significant role in survival of these concepts and transferring them to future generations. Although the use of local elements in literary texts of Iran has a long history, the term “native and local literature" has entered the literature since the late of the nineteenth century, and it has drawn the attentions to anthropology. The purpose of this article is to study comparatively the native and local elements in the works of Houshang Moradi Kermani and Mohammad Bahman Beygi, who have dedicated themselves to introducing and transferring their local cultural heritages, Rituals, traditions, beliefs, and native knowledge reviewed in the works of these two writers in a descriptive way. In addition to the quantitative differences of Bahman Beygi's works in an event of graphical manner, such topics are intentionally described in details, but Houshang Moradi Kermani, uses his traditional mind and language in the form of a story to preserve the native and local origination of his works. The necessity and mission of such research is to identify, to draw attention, and to introduce popular culture in less-dealt or less-considered areas. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
231 - The study of Lexical and Phonological Remnants of Middle Persian in Kermani dialect
Hamed Mowlaei Kuhbanani Aliasghar Rostami Abusaeidi Atiye Kamyabi GolLanguage is changing as a social phenomenon and in this changing process some dialects resist against some historical changes and ancient forms may still be used by native speakers. In this research, we hypothesize that there are some lexical and phonological middle Per MoreLanguage is changing as a social phenomenon and in this changing process some dialects resist against some historical changes and ancient forms may still be used by native speakers. In this research, we hypothesize that there are some lexical and phonological middle Persian remnants in Kermani dialect. The research zone is kerman city and informants are selected from upper 50 years old native people of kerman city. Lexical middle Persian remnants include words which are used in Kermani dialect in the same way as middle Persian. Of course, some of them bear some tiny phonological and semantic changes. Phonological data include some middle Persian phonemes in Kermani dialect that are changed or deleted in new Persian language. The findings indicate that Kermani dialect resists against some lexical and phonological changes from middle Persian and this means that kermani dialect as a southeastern dialect of central Iranian dialects is old and ancient one. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
232 - Comparative Investigation of Kinship Terms in Some Varieties of Kerman Province (Based on Murdak’s mode of use pattern)
hamed molaei koohbanani mohamadreza pahlavan nezhadAt recent years, there have been severalresearches on phonological, morphological and syntactic structure of Persiandialects but anthropological aspects of these dialects have not been receivedenough attention. The goal of this research is to investigate Kinship terms i MoreAt recent years, there have been severalresearches on phonological, morphological and syntactic structure of Persiandialects but anthropological aspects of these dialects have not been receivedenough attention. The goal of this research is to investigate Kinship terms inKermani, Kuhbanani, Bardsiri, Bafti, Jirofti, Kahnuji, Fariyabi and Ghaleganjivarieties of Kerman province. According to Murdak, Kinship Terms are dividedinto three categories: mode of use, linguistic structure and range ofapplication. In this paper, Kinship Terms are investigated according to mode ofuse. In general, 45 Kinship Terms of these varieties are collected which can bedivided into three categories. Contrastive investigations of these data showthat Kinship Terms of south kerman varieties are more different than standardPersian in comparison with north kerman. Findings of the research show thatGender And bifurcation Criteria of Murdak mode of use pattern are ignored insome Kinship Terms of south kerman varieties but all of the Criteria of Murdakmode of use pattern are regarded in Kinship Terms of north kerman varieties Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
233 - Investigating some native terms and expressions of Kerman and Pariz in the works of Mohammad Ibrahim Bastani Parizi
Mohammadreza Masuomi Mohsen MahjubiLiterary and historical texts in each region more or less represent the folklore and popular culture of that district. Among these works, some texts can be found which are full of local vocabularies, proverbs, allusion, customs, and beliefs belong to various popular bel MoreLiterary and historical texts in each region more or less represent the folklore and popular culture of that district. Among these works, some texts can be found which are full of local vocabularies, proverbs, allusion, customs, and beliefs belong to various popular beliefs of the native writers. Particular and local studies of such works and research on the elements of folklore have a significant role in the recognition of local literature and contribute to the transfer of meanings and concepts of elements of popular culture to audiences. Mohammad Ibrahim Bastani Parizi is one of the contemporary writers, from whom dozens of literary and historical works has been remained. The use of vocabulary, idioms, and popular beliefs of the Kerman and Pariz regions by Parizi has caused the writers' works to cover the scientific, local, and situational backgrounds. The authors of this article, by studying some of the Parizi's artifacts, have explored the native terms and they have extracted local terms used in these works. The findings of this study indicated that, as far as possible, useful, and exact descriptions are expressed in texts or footnotes. Besides, some of the mentioned terms by Parizi are unique in their nature and in the article. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
234 - The verb structure in the Bashakardi dialect and its equivalent in Standard Persian
Khodabakhsh Asadollahi Abbas SalariBashakardi is a common dialect in the southern of Kerman province and eastern Hormozgan which includes the towns: South Rudbar, Anbarabad, Kahnouj, Manojan, Qaleganj, Fareyab, Minab, Senderk, Hashtbandi, Bashakard and Marz. Beshkardi dialect is one of the vernaculars be MoreBashakardi is a common dialect in the southern of Kerman province and eastern Hormozgan which includes the towns: South Rudbar, Anbarabad, Kahnouj, Manojan, Qaleganj, Fareyab, Minab, Senderk, Hashtbandi, Bashakard and Marz. Beshkardi dialect is one of the vernaculars belonging to the group of southwestern Iranian languages and dialects. Although in terms of taxonomy, Bashkardian dialect and Persian language are in the same group, but, mutual understanding between their speakers is not possible. The subject of this article is the investigation of the verb structure in "Bashkardi dialect", and its purpose is to know its phonetic and morphological features. The author tried to give a short but accurate description of this dialect by expressing the important features of it, especially compared to standard Persian, and representing the similarities and differences of the verb system in this dialect with standard Farsi. Based on the findings of this research, the most obvious characteristic of this dialect, in terms of grammar, is the use of ergative construction in the past tense of transitive verbs. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
235 - The comparison of some of mourning traditions of Kermanshah people with shahnameh mourning
ghollamreza salemian khalil kahriziThe Iranian had special ways and traditions to do different actions some of which have been forgotten at present. The signs of these forgotten traditions may be found at the cities and villages on which they live of the ancient forgotten traditions. The main question of MoreThe Iranian had special ways and traditions to do different actions some of which have been forgotten at present. The signs of these forgotten traditions may be found at the cities and villages on which they live of the ancient forgotten traditions. The main question of this paper is there any similarity between these traditions and Shahnameh tradition in the Kermanshah province of Iran? In this investigation, three traditions of the villages in the Kermanshah province with the samples of the local poems in the Kermanshah Kurdish Language have been studied. These traditions and poems have been compared with three Shahnameh traditions named the Moghany roaring, fastening bloody Zonnar and Cutting hair. The results of the study showed the close surprising similarity between the Shahnameh and the Kermanshahi mourning traditions Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
236 - number of Phonological Processes in 15 Language Varieties of Kerman Province
alie kord zaferanloo kamboozia paria razm didehThe chief concern of this research is to analyze a number of phonological processes such as “ insertion, stopping, and spirantization” in 15 language varieties of Kerman Province such as Baft, Bardsir, Bam, Rabor, Rafsanjan, South Rudbar, Zarand, Sirjan, Sha MoreThe chief concern of this research is to analyze a number of phonological processes such as “ insertion, stopping, and spirantization” in 15 language varieties of Kerman Province such as Baft, Bardsir, Bam, Rabor, Rafsanjan, South Rudbar, Zarand, Sirjan, Shahrebabak, Kerman, Golbaf, Gougher and Meymand, based on generative phonology. Most of the mentioned varieties had written documents such as dictionary, poetical works and proverb. Also a number of articles and theses have been written about most of them, from which the required data for this research has been extracted. Additionally, if it required more data, the researchers have directly interviewed with two men and two women informants. Some of the most important results of this reaserch are mentioned here: 1. Dِِeletion of the final glottal consonant /h/, and then, if the next morpheme starts with a vowel, one the glides [j] or [w] should be inserted which this insertion between two vowels depends on the features of the second vowel. 2. In language varieties of Kerman Province glottal stop // is inserted at the beginning of the words which start with a vowel. 3. In a number of Kerman Language Varieties the continuant, uvular and voiced consonant / / is replaced with its stop pair [G] in Standard Persian at the end of a word or syllable Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
237 - Analysis Time Of Comfort Environmental Bio Climate Based On Wetland Hshylan Models Bio Climate
mehdi mehdinasabOne of strategy which have recently been considered in most countries, tourism development in deprived areas with potential for tourism development. If ecotourism and nature guides to the proper planning and management, can be a creator or triggers a process for achievi MoreOne of strategy which have recently been considered in most countries, tourism development in deprived areas with potential for tourism development. If ecotourism and nature guides to the proper planning and management, can be a creator or triggers a process for achieving sustainability development in the least developed areas. Hashilan wetlands in having the biodiversity, numerous tourist attractions, animal and plant habitats and other natural phenomena of attraction and an important place in the West of the country. Human comfort conditions, conditions that collection of the heat for at least 80percent population is appropriate, Under such conditions that human Argansym can can maintain existing balance of heat itself in best shape, without being deficiency or excess energy. The study of environmental factors affecting human comfort, Variables the mean daily air temperature in Celsius, the average wind speed in meters per second relative humidity in percent, Kermanshah synoptic stations during statistical period 1981- 2017 have been used. Evaluation results thermal comfort in wetland Hashilan based on models The psychological pressure Index, Baker, wind chill index shows that at 4 months of December to April because of the cold weather, climate conditions, lack of comfort in the pond there Hashilan. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
238 - ranking of tourism development strategies of Kermanshah province using SWOT matrix and Fuzzy Dea data envelopment analysis.
elahe fallahi siamak azadiThe tourism industry is one of the most popular industries and it is developing a lot every day, which makes it easy for many tourists and travelers who want to travel all over the world and can travel to anywhere in the world without any problem. Enjoy their journey. K MoreThe tourism industry is one of the most popular industries and it is developing a lot every day, which makes it easy for many tourists and travelers who want to travel all over the world and can travel to anywhere in the world without any problem. Enjoy their journey. Kermanshah province is one of the national and international tourist attraction centers in Iran. Due to its tourist attractions, it has been hosting a large number of domestic and foreign tourists every year. The tourism industry in Kermanshah province succeeded in using it due to lack of suitable strategies. It is not a desirable potential and it is necessary to provide a solution for developing this industry in Kermanshah province. The present research aims to rank the tourism development strategies of Kermanshah province. The research method is applied in terms of purpose and in terms of collecting survey information. The research sample also includes a sample of 23 experts from the central cultural heritage and tourism departments of the province. The research data were collected using a questionnaire and the SWOT model was used to determine the strategies. The dea-fuzzy method has also been used to rank the strategies. Findings indicate that the number of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats identified in the tourism industry of Kermanshah province is 9,10,8,10, respectively. The current position of Kermanshah Tourism Strategy in the 4th District (Competitive Strategy) was also discussed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
239 - Antibiotic resistance determination in Escherichia coli isolated from poultry samples enffected Colibacillosis disease from around Kermanshah farms
Forogh MohammadiAbstract Poultry colibacillosis is one of the most important diseases which is caused by Escherichia coli and cause great economic Damages to chicken farm industry. According to high spread of antibiotic resistance in this bacterium and create resistance strain of Esche MoreAbstract Poultry colibacillosis is one of the most important diseases which is caused by Escherichia coli and cause great economic Damages to chicken farm industry. According to high spread of antibiotic resistance in this bacterium and create resistance strain of Escherichia coli, this study conducted to detect antibiotic resistance profile in Escherichia coli isolated from Colibacillosis in chicken carcasses transferred to Veterinary Diagnosis laboratories in Kermanshah, Iran. Antibiotic resistance profile was studied in 500 isolated of Escherichia coli in spring and summer of 2014 using simple disk diffusion method. The results showed that the first quarter of year had mostly Escherichia coli resistance to Chloretetracycline, Erythromycin, Oxytertracyclin and Colistin and in summer in addition of this four antibiotics, Danfloxacin had high rate of resistance antibiotic. According to the increase spread of antibiotic resistance, it is necessary to prevent of illness entrance to the poultry with proper nutrition principles and hygiene. Timely vaccination can prevent greatly of chicken farm with infectious diseases and follow that, the rate of antibiotic using is low and we can development into products without antibiotics. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
240 - Investigating of social stability in the city of Kermanshah
Esmaeel Jahani Dolatabad chnour mohammadiThe research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of method. The statistical population of the study is citizens over 15 years old in Kermanshah city, The sample size was determined using the Cochran's formula of 385 people. The data c MoreThe research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of method. The statistical population of the study is citizens over 15 years old in Kermanshah city, The sample size was determined using the Cochran's formula of 385 people. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire and the analysis was performed with SPSS software (mean components, one-sample t-test and Friedman), WASPAS multi-criteria decision model and CV method. The results of comparing the average of social sustainability indicators in terms of citizens in Kermanshah show: Average indicators; The sense of spatial belonging, interaction, justice and access to facilities and services, housing quality, sense of security and participation and trust in terms of statistical results, is significantly higher than the average of three, but in the economic benefit index significantly It is significantly less than the average value of three and is not in a good condition at all in the eyes of the citizens. The results of the Friedman test also show; Each of the indicators has a different importance. Finally according to the results of the WASPAS model; Areas one, six, two, eight, four, five, seven, three In the first to eighth ranks respectively And are half enjoyed. In general, according to these results; There are no privileged, relatively privileged and deprived areas, and all areas are semi-privileged. The dominant development space in the regions in this model is semi-enjoyed. However, the situation of most indicators is average. But they need attention to achieve ideal conditions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
241 - .
داریوش احمدیان منصور حقیقتیان -
Open Access Article
242 - An Investigation of social stability in the city of Kermanshah
Esmaeel Jahani Dolatabad Chonoor MohammadiGiven that the concept of sustainable development has become very important in recent decades and also since urban sustainable development, particularly in its social dimension, is exemplified in interpersonal relations among individuals, studying the contexts in which MoreGiven that the concept of sustainable development has become very important in recent decades and also since urban sustainable development, particularly in its social dimension, is exemplified in interpersonal relations among individuals, studying the contexts in which it can be achieved can be of enormous significance. This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of method. The research population consisted of the citizens over 15 years old in Kermanshah city, using the Cochran's formula, 385 individuals were selected as the sample. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire and the analysis was performed with SPSS software (mean components, one-sample t-test and Friedman), WASPAS multi-criteria decision model and CV method. The results of comparing the veiws of citizens in Kermanshah showed that the average of the components of urban sustainable development were as follows: sense of spatial belonging (3.27), social interaction (3.21), justice and access to facilities and services (3.17), housing quality (3.15), sense of security (3.10) and participation and trust (3.39), economic benefits (2.73). The results of the Friedman test also showed that participation and trust had the highest impact. Finally according to the results of the WASPAS model; Areas one, six, two, eight, four, five, seven, and three had more impact, respectively.. Given the results of the WASPAS model, it could be argued that all geographic areas are in the semi-previlaged sphere and the most inequality relates to the sense of philanthropy among the residents. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
243 - Associate professor, Department of Urban planning, Payame-nour University, Mashhad, Iran
Alireza Sanatkah Sepideh Hazrati In addition to the problem of drug addiction, the indifference of citizens towards this social problem is one of the main concerns of our society. This is an applied, descriptive, and qualitative research which made use of a data-bas More In addition to the problem of drug addiction, the indifference of citizens towards this social problem is one of the main concerns of our society. This is an applied, descriptive, and qualitative research which made use of a data-based method. 28 students studying at Kerman Azad University were selected via purposive-available sampling method. A semi-structured interview was used as the data collection tool. To reach the reliability criterion, three methods were used: control or validation by members, analytical comparisons, and the use of audit techniques. The data were collected on the basis of the contextual theory and were analyzed in three stages of open, elective, and selective (central) coding. The findings showed that factors such as inappropriate platforms, preventive participation/social participation, as well as reducing the level of civic commitment/isolationism and normative antipathy were the most important causal factors; antisocial behavior patterns/personality vulnerability/cultural hatred were contextual factor; and civil and social indifference/social dissatisfaction/social learning, were intervening factors Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
244 - .
اعظم صفر آبادی ابراهیم یوسفی سعیده مؤیدفر سمیه سادات شاه زیدی -
Open Access Article
245 - .
نوذر قنبری هابیل حیدرخانی مسلم رستمی -
Open Access Article
246 - کندوکاوی تحلیلی بر نقش فرهنگ در طراحی کالبدمعماری (نمونه موردی خراسان شمالی شهرستان بجنورد)
مجتبی امامی فرامرز حسن پور حسین مهرپویا -
Open Access Article
247 - برهم کنش مؤلفههای رفتاری و کالبدی فضای باز مجتمعهای مسکونی نمونه موردی : مجتمعهای مسکونی منتخب کلانشهر کرمان
ملیحه ضیا محسن قاسمی مهدیه معینی ملیحه نوروزی -
Open Access Article
248 - مطالعه تطبیقی خانه های سنتی کرمانشاه و سنندج در دوره قاجار و پهلوی
بهنوش ملکی زاده محمدمهدی سروش صلاح الدین مولانایی منوچهر فروتن -
Open Access Article
249 - برنامه ریزی و مدیریت شهری در نوسازی و بازسازی بافت های فرسوده شهر کرمانشاه
یحیی شهبازی علیرضا پورشیخیان حسین اصغری شهرام امیرانتخابی رفعت شهماری اردجانی -
Open Access Article
250 - بررسی و ارزیابی نقش فضاهای شهری در ایجاد حس نشاط و شادیآفرینی شهروندان(مطالعه موردی: میدان گنجعلیخان شهر کرمان)
حسین غضنفرپور مجتبی سلیمانی دامنه مرضیه صداقت کیش فرشته صفرزاده -
Open Access Article
251 - بررسی راهبردهای توسعه گردشگری استان کرمانشاه با استفاده از مدل SWOT
احمد پوراحمد بهروز بادکو حسین حاتمی نژاد حسنعلی فرجی سبکبار -
Open Access Article
252 - نقش عوامل محیطی بر تخریب محوطههای باستانی (مطالعه موردی محوطههای باستانی دهستان سر فیروزآباد استان کرمانشاه)
اردوان بهزاد بهزاد فزونی عزت اله میرزائی -
Open Access Article
253 - تحلیل و ارزیابی راهبرد رشد هوشمند شهری در مناطق چهارگانه شهر کرمان
رضا رضایی بزنجانی مهری اذانی حمید صابری مهدی مؤمنی -
Open Access Article
254 - تحلیل نقش تراکم جمعیت در بزه سرقت در سطح محلات شهری (مطالعه موردی: شهر کرمانشاه)
نوذر قنبری شهرام سعیدی علیرضا زنگنه جعفر معصوم پور سماکوش علی کرباسی -
Open Access Article
255 - تعیین راهبردهای توسعه گردشگری در منطقه اورامانات با استفاده از مدلSWOT
ادریس باباخانزاده اصغر ضرابی -
Open Access Article
256 - تحلیل وضعیت پارکهای شهر کرمان برای استفاده معلولان و جانبازان و توزیع فضایی و مکانی آنها با استفاده از سیستم اطلاعات جغرافیایی GIS
حسین غضنفر پور محسن کمانداری نسیم امیری -
Open Access Article
257 - بررسی منشاء و اثرات پدیده گرد و غبار در استان کرمانشاه
محمدتقی رضویان فردین کوشکی -
Open Access Article
258 - بررسی الگوی فضایی آسیبپذیری شهرها از زلزله و پیشنهاد الگوی بهینه (نمونه موردی: شهر کرمانشاه)
سهراب امیریان -
Open Access Article
259 - کندوکاوی تحلیلی بر نقش فرهنگ در طراحی کالبدمعماری (نمونه موردی خراسان شمالی شهرستان بجنورد)
مجتبی امامی فرامرز حسن پور حسین مهرپویا -
Open Access Article
260 - مطالعهی چهارطاقیهای علیآباد شمشیربر و رحمتآباد کرمان بر اساس نویافتههای باستانشناختی
علیرضا زبان آور محمد مرتضایی رضا شعبانی صمخانی -
Open Access Article
261 - بقایای فرهنگی نویافته از دورۀ مس وسنگ در تاق بستان کرمانشاه
علی هژبری محمد امین میرقادری -
Open Access Article
262 - Presenting a Paradigmatic Model of Organizing the Teriphery of Kerman city
amanolah jamshidi kamal javanmard mehrdad navabakhshOne of the most important issues of Kerman city is the expansion of the outskirts of Kerman city, so this present research was conducted with the aim of providing a model for organizing the outskirts of Kerman city. who had sufficient expertise and information in this f MoreOne of the most important issues of Kerman city is the expansion of the outskirts of Kerman city, so this present research was conducted with the aim of providing a model for organizing the outskirts of Kerman city. who had sufficient expertise and information in this field; It continued until theoretical saturation. Chums' approach has two stages of coding; in the stage of initial coding (56) and focused coding (45), categories were identified. The data collection tool is semi-structured interview research. The face validity of the interview text was confirmed by the professors and the credibility of the members, and reliability was achieved through intra-subject agreement. In this way, the supervisors and the consultant coded the two typed texts of the interview, and the similarity rate was 78%, which indicates good reliability. The findings of the research showed that the method of organizing destruction; Discharge ; The improvement (slow and limited to insufficient measures) has been implemented in Kerman city and the solution for organizing the edge of Kerman city includes the implementation of the green belt plan of Kerman city; elimination of the conflict of interest of the organs; improvement along with the empowerment and participation of marginalized people; using experts in the implementation of projects; Determining the rules of organization and the necessity of their implementation; Placing the property is subject to possession. As a result, the causal fields of organization can be explained with the theories of Engels, Simmel, Harvey, and Volofor, and in the solution part, the theory of organization and empowerment is explanatory. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
263 - Strategic Assessment and Evaluation of the Quality of Historical Textures with Emphasis on the Urban Regeneration Approach (Case Study: Kerman Bazaar)
Mostafa Movahedinia moslem ghasemiOne of the recent approaches in the field of restoration of historical textures is the approach of sustainable urban regeneration, which has a more comprehensive view of the historical context and its protection than the previous approaches. In this approach, in order t MoreOne of the recent approaches in the field of restoration of historical textures is the approach of sustainable urban regeneration, which has a more comprehensive view of the historical context and its protection than the previous approaches. In this approach, in order to restore the historical context, all dimensions of sustainable development, including economic, social, cultural, managerial and environmental dimensions have been used. However, this study aims to measure and strategically evaluate the quality of the texture of the Kerman market area with a regeneration approach. With this approach, have a comprehensive view of its dimensions and criteria. Therefore, the present research method is applied in terms of purpose and has a survey nature, and data collection has been done through documentary and library review, questionnaire (from the perspective of 50 officials and residents of the area). The data were then entered and analyzed in excel software and then analyzed using the qspm strategic model. The obtained information was analyzed using GIS software in the form of effective regeneration indicators and the strategy and effective strategies for area regeneration were extracted using the qspm strategic technique. The results show that the historical texture does not have the necessary quality to recreate and requires various measures to revive the texture, such as revitalization and restoration of historic buildings within the historical texture, so that the results of the Swot technique also show this. Its strategy is of WO type and has the ability to protect and change if strengths are used to eliminate weaknesses. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
264 - .
Daryush Kazemi Maryam Badiee -
Open Access Article
265 - A Study of Didactic Themes in the Unknown Masnavi of Zahir Kermani
Pari Malmoly Ahmadreza Yalameha Parisa DavariZahir Kermani's Masnavi is one of the precious literary works of the twelfth century AH, which is full of didactic teachings that have not been published yet. This collection is replete with didactic themes and meanings that the poet has used according to his excitation MoreZahir Kermani's Masnavi is one of the precious literary works of the twelfth century AH, which is full of didactic teachings that have not been published yet. This collection is replete with didactic themes and meanings that the poet has used according to his excitation and zeal. Wherever he has the opportunity, he has given advice to the audience. In the present study, the researcher decided to discuss the educational and moral themes and backgrounds in this lyrical collection for the first time by using the documentary-library method of analysis. The most important question in this research is whether the traces of the poet's religious thoughts and beliefs are evident in this work and whether in addition to individual ethics, social ethics is also considered in this work. The research results show that the poet in Shiite school of thought and the source of his thoughts derives from the Shiite school, the verses and hadiths of the Ahl al-Bayt of infallibility and purity. These thoughts are clearly reflected in his poems. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
266 - Ethical approach in lyrical stories of Khajouye Kermani
Hafez Hatami Zahra MirAhmadiThe essential subject in the field of ethical analysis of artistic and literary works is their relationships. Schools, movements and styles of artistic, literary, and moral forms have looked at this subject differently. Although the main mission of artistic and literary MoreThe essential subject in the field of ethical analysis of artistic and literary works is their relationships. Schools, movements and styles of artistic, literary, and moral forms have looked at this subject differently. Although the main mission of artistic and literary works in the first place is to satisfy their readers, in most of these works, literary commitment and moral and religious mission of work creator are effective and tangible. With this description, it should be said that many of our literary works have paid attention to ethical elements, components, and content. The issue doesn’t confines to didactic or mystical literature in fact it is reflected in other genres such as lyrical, long poem of banquet. Khajouye Kermani, the great Persian poet, in his didactic, epic, lyric works as well as the lyrical poems has described virtues and vices. This study intends to criticize ethics based on some important theories namely (Eudemonism) school of Socrates and Amrollahi and Hasan’s theory and religious evil in the religion of Islam. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
267 - The effectiveness of Khwaju Kermani in Rowżat-al-anwār from Nezami Ganjei’s Makhzan al Asrar
parvin dokht mashhoor reza jaliliNezami Ganjei is one of the greatest poets of Persian language. His poetic power caused many to think of imitating his style in poetry. Among those who imitate him is Khwaju Kermani, one of the most successful poets, who composed some poetry very near to the style of Ne MoreNezami Ganjei is one of the greatest poets of Persian language. His poetic power caused many to think of imitating his style in poetry. Among those who imitate him is Khwaju Kermani, one of the most successful poets, who composed some poetry very near to the style of Nezami in Khamse. Rowżat-al-anw’s Khwaju, as he called it, was written to imitate Makhzan al-Asrar. This imitation is manifested both in the form and content. One of the most important aspects of the effectiveness of content is reflected in the field of education. Therefore, what will be explored in future research are guidelines of praise and criticism similar to that Khwaju under the influence of the Nezami in the Rozatol al-anvar. The research method is descriptive-analytical; results show that the main approaches taken by two poets in teaching and praising, based on frequency, are as the following: "The praise of reason and thought, '' praise of humility and forgetting", "praise of the generosity and mercy", " the voluntary giving of help to people", "appealing to God and obedience to him, '' Attention to Heart, "" praise of good companion and finally" praise of silence and reticence. In connection with the criticism views of Nezami and Khajooyei’s, the following itms could be mentioned: “world criticism and its belongings", "criticism of injustice and oppression", "criticism of the fanatics 'and' criticism of hypocrisy" . Of he mentioned criticism world criticism and its belongings is the most frequently ones in both book of poems. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
268 - Representation of Moral and Didactic Themes in Faqih Kermani's Panj Ganje Emād
Farshad Eskandari Sharafi Vahid MobarakBeing among the oldest and most common kinds of literature, didactic literature presents moral and rational doctrines to the audience to be applied in their lives to achieve prosperity and happiness. Persian literature has long represented the purest and most precious m MoreBeing among the oldest and most common kinds of literature, didactic literature presents moral and rational doctrines to the audience to be applied in their lives to achieve prosperity and happiness. Persian literature has long represented the purest and most precious moral and didactic meanings and themes in a way that a large part of Persian poetry has been dedicated to advice, wisdom, and sermons. Emād Faqii Kermani is one of the Persian poets in 8th century AH who was proficient in composing different genres of poems including Sonnet, Ode and Masnavi. His poems have been integrated with Sufism and mystical thoughts and doctrines. Using descriptive-analytic approach, this study aims at investigating the moral and didactic doctrines in Panj Ganj by Emād Faqih Kermani to determine the position and value of morality and training in his poetry and also, some of the literary merits of him would be clarified. The findings reveal that the moral and didactic subjects which are a combination of ancient advice, mystical and Sufi doctrines are widely reflected in his Masnavis. The most prevalent and frequent moral and didactic themes in Panj Ganje Emād include political and governmental sermons, worship and servitude to God, instability of the world, generosity, knowledge and gaining knowledge, confidentiality, harmlessness. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
269 - Study on ectoparasites and gastrointestinal helminth of local chicken in Kerman 2018
maryam noshadokht mohammad mirzaie Ali Reza AbediIntroduction: Parasitic infections of native chickens are among sources of infection for people and industrial poultry, thereby constituting health and economic problems. The purpose of this study was to determine the abundance of Ectoparasites and gastrointestinal helm MoreIntroduction: Parasitic infections of native chickens are among sources of infection for people and industrial poultry, thereby constituting health and economic problems. The purpose of this study was to determine the abundance of Ectoparasites and gastrointestinal helminth of native chickens in Kerman.Method: One hundred native chickens selected randomly during summer, fall, springs, and winter. Gastrointestinal helminth and ectoparasites were identified using microscopic examination. Result: Totally of 100 native chickens investigated, 64 were infected and 36 were uninfected. The Present study shows that native chickens in Kerman are infected with Subulura brumpti, Ascaridia galli, Rallietina tetragona, Rallietina echinobothrida, larvae of Argas tick, and Menacanthus stramineus. Discussion and conclusion: Statistical analysis showed significance association between sex, season, and contact with another animal. While no significant association was found between age and helminth infection. With regard to importance of breeding of poultry and effect of internal and external parasites on poultry production as well as human health, it is hoped that the research could increase the knowledge of experts and executive organizations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
270 - On the Evaluation of the Biogas Production Capability of Animal Wastes in Rural Areas (Case Study: Kermanshah Province)
R. bahramiToday, access to clean and secure energy sources is one of the main objectives of sustainable development. Biogas can be used as a strategy to replace fossil energy in rural areas by enjoying features such as generating clean energy, improving rural health environment a MoreToday, access to clean and secure energy sources is one of the main objectives of sustainable development. Biogas can be used as a strategy to replace fossil energy in rural areas by enjoying features such as generating clean energy, improving rural health environment and production of animal manure which is the main source of nutrients (Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Potassium) and is free of weed seeds and pathogens.Study was conducted aimed to evaluate the production of biogas in rural areas of Kermanshah which people use required energy by means of gas for cooking and consuming water per capita through field study. The use of gas energy has been calculated according to the standards and national regulations of the country. Findings from different aspects infered that biogas is the best alternative for gas plumbing in rural areas economically, socially, and due to the tectonic position of Kermanshah province from 65% savings, Low-durability type of rural houses, and earthquake point of view, respectively. In terms of the environment, biogas cleans the countryside and raise the level of village health. Technologically, training and using biogas in rural areas is simple. The results show that using biogas in rural areas requires localization and creation of cultural and economic grounds through the collaboration of government agencies because of the lack of local people's awareness of it (Jihad and Banks to educate and to allocate loans, correspondingly), and to assist civil institutions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
271 - Smart Growth Urban Areas (Case Study: Kerman City)
Aliasghar Abdollahi Moslem GhasemiSmart urban growth represents the kind of development that promotes civic life and social vitality, public transport and reduce the adverse environmental effects, Planners and urban designers are at the forefront of considerations And restore the city as an active and h MoreSmart urban growth represents the kind of development that promotes civic life and social vitality, public transport and reduce the adverse environmental effects, Planners and urban designers are at the forefront of considerations And restore the city as an active and healthy environment for all citizens to be able to provide a good future. The aim of the study is to assess spatial distribution of smart urban growth in the city of Kerman. Research methodology is descriptive - analytic. To analyze the data from quantitative models and qualitative planning and Fuzzy Topsis WASPAS is used. The results obtained show fuzzy topsis multi-attribute techniques, areas of Kerman in terms of smart urban growth as a region (Rank 3) the amount of (0.462), Region Two (Rank 1) the amount of (0.634), region Three (Rank 2) the amount of (0.559), and the four (Rank 4) the amount of (0.441) and whiskey. As the investigation related to smart urban growth in the city and collect data using questionnaires have been Therefore, on completion of the research process constraints such as distance, cost, working people and the officials arises. Practical implications: such strategies identified key strengths and weaknesses and the opportunities and threats in order to improve the smart urban growth in the form, public transport, walking, cycling, amusement park ride is Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
272 - On the Ranking and Comparative Study of Development Levels Using the Planning Techniques (Case Study: Kermanshah Province)
B. veysi nab M. Nik Seresht O. Ebrahimi M. sabziIn development planning at the regional level to identify and understand the differences between regions in terms of their enjoyment of economic and social facilities and infrastructure is an inevitable necessity. According to the topics proposed, the present study is a MoreIn development planning at the regional level to identify and understand the differences between regions in terms of their enjoyment of economic and social facilities and infrastructure is an inevitable necessity. According to the topics proposed, the present study is a descriptive- analytic method it seeks In addition to determine developing degrees of Kermanshah province counties with respect to various factors using HDI and Morris index and The index compares the two and finally an analysis of the demographic development in the province using Pearson's test. Calculation results have led to maps using ArcGIS for better spatial analysis of development. Community of research includes 14 administrative units of Kermanshah province. 55 variables which have been used in this research, consists of the majority aspects of development of units. The results indicate that the counties in terms of development in good condition to do not, because the level of any county in Cluster I and II (Is not a very high development and high), and also, comparing 2 research indexes indicate that Morris indexes show the status of development of the counties better. So, this index is preferable to the HDI index and analyzes the demographic situation of development indicate a positive correlation between the percentage of urbanization and the development level of the counties. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
273 - On The Regional Analysis of the Spatial Regulation of Cities in the Zagros Region with an Approach of Objective and Subjective Regions
N. Zali A. Karimiazar R. AzadehLooking at the regional plans in Iran shows that the results of these plans have not been profitable in order to balance the urban system and creating a hierarchy of settlement. In the previous studies, the regions were defined based on the political and administrative MoreLooking at the regional plans in Iran shows that the results of these plans have not been profitable in order to balance the urban system and creating a hierarchy of settlement. In the previous studies, the regions were defined based on the political and administrative boundaries. As a result, the quantitative models used have non help to improve the urban systems problems. Thus, the main objective of this study is to explain the true concept of region from two points of view (Objective and Subjective views) and true utility of quantitative models in regional planning. In this regard, the Zagros region (including five provinces: Kermanshah, Kurdistan, Hamadan, Lorestan and Elam) and also Kermanshah province were selected as a subjective and objective regions, respectively. The research method of this paper was comparative study and the results of using quantitative models (the Quantitative Indexes of Determining the Primate City and also, the Herfindahl concentration index, Gini Coefficient, and Coefficient of Variation) in the two mentioned regions were compared. The results showed that the urban system in the Zagros region has relative balance compared to Kermanshah province. By analyzing the findings, the approach to this paper is that the concept of the region should be considered in terms of cultural, economic, social, and geographic points of view in order to balance the system of urban settlements and decentralize population, services and facilities. So, we do not summarize this concept on the political and administrative boundaries. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
274 - Assessments of sense of belong in historic area with emphasize on environmental and physical variables (Case study: Arg- Ganjalikhan, Mozafari and Ghaleh Mahmood’s areas in Kerman city)
Hamid Mohammadi Mitra GhorbiNowadays the concept sense of place is one of the important issues that the contemporary urban development is facing with. In the past cities used to have the high potential of providing interaction between man and space; but today despite of high potentials in most of MoreNowadays the concept sense of place is one of the important issues that the contemporary urban development is facing with. In the past cities used to have the high potential of providing interaction between man and space; but today despite of high potentials in most of historic areas, undesirable environmental and physical quality causes weakening of social ties among the inhabitants, lower sense of belonging and gradual decline of these areas. This issue motivated the authors to clarify the relationship between criteria of environment’s quality (environmental and physical) on sense of belonging in historic neighborhoods of the city of Kerman. Questionnaire was the main data collection method, and 374 questionnaires were distributed and analyzed. The results show a direct and meaningful relationship between the physical variables and sense of belonging but reverse and meaningful relationship between environmental variables and sense of belonging. In attention to components of physical variables and sense of belonging, in Arg-Ganjalikhan and Mozafari areas buildings and spaces has the highest effect over sense of belonging. However, in GhalehMahmood area it was accessibility. Regarding the components environmental variables and sense of belonging, it is notable that sound pollutions in Arg-Ganjalikhan, Mozafari and GhalehMahmood areas has the highest influence on the sense of belonging. The results of structural equations modeling also demonstrate that improving the condition of environmental and physical variables can improve the condition of sense of belonging as well. However, the influence of environmental variables on the sense of belonging was higher comparing to physical ones. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
275 - Study of Effective Indicators in Rural Quality of Life (Case Study: Osmanvand Village - Kermanshah County)
sharam darogri Parvaneh Zivyar AliReza EstalajiIntroduction: Quality of life is one of the most basic concepts of development in the present era, which examines and evaluates the general well-being of the individual and society.Research Aim: The purpose of this article is the impact of quality of life indicators fro MoreIntroduction: Quality of life is one of the most basic concepts of development in the present era, which examines and evaluates the general well-being of the individual and society.Research Aim: The purpose of this article is the impact of quality of life indicators from the perspective of villagers with the structural equation modeling approach. The current research is applied research in terms of purpose and descriptive-correlation research in terms of nature.Methodology: To achieve the objectives of the research, first, using Cochran's formula, the statistical sample of 225 household heads was determined. These numbers were selected by simple random sampling. Data analysis was done using SPSS software and structural equation modeling (SEM). In this research, the observed variables were obtained for four social, economic, physical and environmental components. Four first-order factor analysis models were developed and validated to measure four subscales of quality of life. Finally, the role and effect of the observed variables and their four components on the quality of life as the main hidden dependent variable, and the relationships between them were analyzed with the help of a second-order five-factor confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) structural model.Geographical Area: The geographical scope of the current research is the villages of Othmavandan village in Kermanshah County.Results: The findings of the processing and acceptable validity of all four models for measuring the quality of life and the realization of goals, as well as the second-order five-factor model for examining the quality of life, were based on the collected data.Conclusion: The results of the research showed that the social index of 0.93, the environmental index of 0.97, the physical index of 0.99 and the economic index of 0.25 had an impact on the quality of life. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
276 - Assessment of Attractions and Tourism Capacities in the Study System of Kermanshah Urban Development Plans from the Tourism Range
mohammad saleh Ahmadi Mohammadtghi Rahnamaii Esmail AliakbariFailure to pay attention to the city planning system has led to a weakness in tourism status in various urban development plans. The purpose of this study is to investigate the attractions and potentials justifying the status of tourism in the study system of urban deve MoreFailure to pay attention to the city planning system has led to a weakness in tourism status in various urban development plans. The purpose of this study is to investigate the attractions and potentials justifying the status of tourism in the study system of urban development plans of Kermanshah province from a touristic perspective. Qualitative research methodology is the "basic theory" method and purposeful sampling (snowball). Through interviewing, identifying attractions and determining their range and eventually creating a tourism portfolio attraction portfolio matrix from urban development plans of Kermanshah province. The results indicate that, in the conceptual classification of attractions in urban development plans The province, the historical and cultural concept with the 10 most natural and ecotourism concepts, was ranked third in 7th place. The concept of architecture, physical, economic, religious, with 3 items in one class and the concept of facilities with 2 cases and the concept of treatment with one case at the lowest rate were taken. Tourist attractions based on local, regional, national and international outcomes showed that half of these attractions could be further developed and accommodated at higher levels. Based on the portfolio matrix of tourist attractions, three strategies, the development of experiences and the strengthening of marketing actions along with investment and growth strategies; for the attraction of house No. 4 and investment in the product and market; for house number 3 release and retreat in urban development plans for attractions House No. 1 was offered. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
277 - Distribution zoning and severity of multidimensional poverty in Kermanshah province (Using Alkire & Foster method)
Hosain Hataminejad Mostafa Haraeeni Mohammad Sina Shahsavari hojjat allah pashapourIntroduction: Poverty is one of the most important issues in today's cities. Studies have shown that the issue of poverty is not simply related to income shortages, but also means the inability to get out of poverty.Aim of the study: The purpose of this study is to inve MoreIntroduction: Poverty is one of the most important issues in today's cities. Studies have shown that the issue of poverty is not simply related to income shortages, but also means the inability to get out of poverty.Aim of the study: The purpose of this study is to investigate the poverty situation in a comprehensive way by Alkheimer and Foster method in Kermanshah province.Research methodology: This research is an applied type that has been done by descriptive-analytical method. In this study, the dimensions of the poverty index are similar to the multidimensional poverty index of the human development reports of the United Nations Development Program and the data used in this study are taken from the general population and housing census data of the Statistics Center in 2016. The statistical population of the study includes Kermanshah province and its sub-sectors including cities, rural and urban areas.Findings and Discussion: The results show that 2.77% of the households in the province are poor and their severity of poverty (A) is equal to 2.79%. Also, the adjusted census (MO) ratio is equal to 3.93. On the other hand, the rate and severity of poverty in urban households is higher than rural households. 55.5% of urban households and 1.22% of rural households are poor. The severity of poverty in urban households is 1.63 percent and in rural households is 1.16 percent. Finally, urban and rural areas of Kermanshah province were compared based on the amount and severity of poverty.Results: According to the results of urban areas, the cities of Ravansar, Songhar, Kangavar and Hersin, which have the lowest poverty, are in the first floor. The cities of Gilan-e-Gharb, Dalahou and Thalas Babajani were located on the second floor, and Kermanshah, Islamabad, Javanroud and Sahneh were located on the third floor and the rest on the fourth floor. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
278 - An analysis on the Evaluation of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) Indicators on the Physical-Spatial Structure of Kermanshah City with a Creative City Approach
nesa hashemi pezhman naje ziaiiIntroduction: Cities are the epitome and manifestation of any type of new technology. In the current era, which is the era of information and communication technology, the effects of this new technology in cities and especially the physical-spatial structure of the city MoreIntroduction: Cities are the epitome and manifestation of any type of new technology. In the current era, which is the era of information and communication technology, the effects of this new technology in cities and especially the physical-spatial structure of the city are significant. In terms of information and communication technology infrastructure, Kermanshah has many issues and problems that have positive and negative effects on cities. Research Aim: The purpose of the current research is to investigate the impact of information and communication technologies (ICT) indicators on the physical-spatial structure with the creative city approach in Kermanshah. Methodology: The method of conducting the current research is descriptive-analytical, the information of which is collected through library studies and by completing the questionnaire, and to analyze the findings, structural equation modeling (SEM) and confirmatory factor analysis test are used. A first-order factor was used. Studied Areas: The area under study is the city of Kermanshah. Results: The results of the research showed that among the measured indicators, information technology with a score of 0.79 and the items (reduction in the use of urban transportation means (ICT 4), increasing penetration in urban activities in virtual form) ICT 8), and the variable of providing information through new technologies (ICT 9), from among the indicators measured in the creative city, with a score of 0.64, the items of increasing creative activities (KH1) and the degree of reception and acceptance of Kermanshah's urban management of the idea creative activities (KH4) and among the indicators measured, physical-spatial structure with a score of 0.73 items (influence of urban spaces from visual data (p.s3), evolution in the concept of space and urban space (p.s8), The transformation of urban spaces into meeting spaces (p.s9), the dominance of urban activities on the body and its physical space (p.s11), the transformation of streets into pedestrian territory (p.s14)) are more important. Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between information and communication technologies (ICT), creative city and physical-spatial structure of Kermanshah city. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
279 - The prioritization of urban region towards developing green space (Case study:( Zone 3 of kermanshah)
Nesa Hashemi moslem rostami Introduction: Urban green space is deemed as a kind of application which its distribution and diffusion across cities bear a great deal of significance and is regarded as the breathing lungs of cities. Green spaces should sport such components as facilities, easy More Introduction: Urban green space is deemed as a kind of application which its distribution and diffusion across cities bear a great deal of significance and is regarded as the breathing lungs of cities. Green spaces should sport such components as facilities, easy accessibility, suitable distribution across cities and proper area to be able to perform their roles properly.Research Aim: This study wants to identify suitable places for the construction of new green spaces by locating urban green spaces, using by GIS and AHP model, in region 3 of Kermanshah, based on standard criteria.Methodology: This is an application-oriented kind of research being undertaken through descriptive-analytical methods endeavoring to identify the optimal locations for establishing new green spaces in the third division of the metropolis of Kermanshah according to the principles of positioning. For this purpose, such criteria as proximity to lands with residential applications, street networks, training applications, cultural applications, proximity to rivers, existence of wastelands, distance from green spaces, workshops and factories alongside multi-criteria decision making method (AHP) in the environment of Arc GIS have been utilized.Studied Areas: The study area is Region 3 of Kermanshah which is located in the southeast of Kermanshah, with an area about 1886 hectares and the population of about 165023 peopleResults: The findings indicate that per capita green space of the third division of Kermanshah is very low compared with a suitable and optimum standard and additionally, the manner of green spaces’ distribution, diffusion and their function radii in the before-mentioned region show that they are not in line with the condition of the region, in such a way that more than 20% of the population of the before-said region are deprived of an appropriate coverage by green spaces. The final map shows that the western, southern, central and eastern parts of the region are the best locations to establish green spaces in the third division of the metropolis of Kermanshah.Conclusion: The present research finally by analyzing the mentioned parameters, suitable places were identified for the construction of new green spaces considering that AHP Model be used in future studies to evaluate green space in regions of Kermanshah. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
280 - Evaluation of Effective Factors in Environmental Security of Traditional Neighborhoods from the Perspective of users with the CPTED Approach (Case Study: Faizabad Neighborhood of Kermanshah City)
Hassan sajadzadeh mohammad motaghed Rezvan yarhaghi Somayeh MozafariIntroduction: Preventing crime and establishing security through environmental design in human settlements has always been of great importance throughout history.Research Aim: The basis of this research is based on the inference and extraction of environmental design in MoreIntroduction: Preventing crime and establishing security through environmental design in human settlements has always been of great importance throughout history.Research Aim: The basis of this research is based on the inference and extraction of environmental design indicators and factors that have played an effective role in establishing security in the past neighborhoods, which deals with the application of these factors and experiences in establishing environmental security in new settlements.Methodology: The present research has been used descriptive-analytical method to infer and evaluate environmental security indicators in neighborhoods and traditional settlements. Then, by using the questionnaire tool (360 numbers) and analyzing it through SPSS software, through t-test and factor analysis, the data has been deduced and analyzed. Also, in order to analyze the role of spatial links in establishing security, Depth Map software has been used, as well as comparative tests and correlation matrix coefficients to check the relationship between the components of the variables.Studied Areas: The sample under study is one of the most important traditional and luxury neighborhoods of Kermanshah, named Faiz Abad neighborhood. This neighborhood is one of the old neighborhoods that was formed around the historical center of the city and dates back to more than a hundred years ago.Results: The findings of the research show that the most important environmental design factors affecting the improvement of security in human settlements in traditional localities are: functional, physical quality and the amount of spatial links in these types of tissues, which pay attention to the physical and functional diversity in Urban neighborhoods play a greater role in the security of urban neighborhoods.Conclusion: The results of the research show that among the indicators of physical-functional factors, the mixed use of spaces with mixed uses and entrances to the fabric of neighborhoods, and among the indicators of spatial connection factors, tissue ossification and density in the tissue have the highest priority over others. The indicators in environmental security are from the perspective of residents in this neighborhood. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
281 - Evaluation of the effective indicators on citizens' participation in urban affairs in Kermanshah city with the interpretive structural equations approach
negin hashemi moslem rostami jafar nasirnateriIntroduction The participation of citizens in the urban decision-making process is one of the main elements of comprehensive urban development that plays an important role in creating urban balance. The purpose of the current research is to evaluate the effective indica MoreIntroduction The participation of citizens in the urban decision-making process is one of the main elements of comprehensive urban development that plays an important role in creating urban balance. The purpose of the current research is to evaluate the effective indicators in the participation of citizens in urban affairs with a modeling approach.Methodology The current research is applied in terms of goal setting and descriptive-analytical in terms of methodology. which has been identified from the opinions of 30 experts on this topic using the Delphi method. In order to analyze the information of 6 factors as strong influencing factors of citizens' participation in urban affairs, ISM interpretive-structural modeling was used, and then with Mic-Mac software and SPSS software.Geographical area of research The area under study is the city of Kermanshah.Results and discussion The results of the research showed that the effectiveness of the transparency index was more effective than other factors. Also, the results showed that the indicators of transparency, responsiveness, efficiency and participation and objective indicators are among the linked variables that have a high power of influence and dependence, but the transparency and accountability index are directed towards key factors and are at the border between the linked indicators and There are key factors that have high power of influence and low dependence and have the greatest impact on urban affairs, as well as subjective indicators of weak influence but high dependence and are most influenced by key and connected factors. And finally, suggestions have been made for the development of citizens' participation in urban affairs in Kermanshah.Conclusion The index of transparency and accountability has the highest score and the objective index has an unfavorable situation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
282 - dentifying the factors affecting the management of urban synergy in regenerationInformal settlements of Kerman city
zinat sadat hoseini ali vakhshoori Abdolrasoul GhanbariABSTRACT Introduction: The importance of urban synergy management in the regeneration of informal settlements is because it shows the view of planners and city planners on the ideal urban life and the comparison of this way of life with the way of life in some contexts MoreABSTRACT Introduction: The importance of urban synergy management in the regeneration of informal settlements is because it shows the view of planners and city planners on the ideal urban life and the comparison of this way of life with the way of life in some contexts and areas of the city. In fact, regeneration means restoring social, economic and environmental life to an area. This movement transforms places, strengthens the social image of itself, and creates lively and attractive places that encourage sustainable internal investment. Methodology: According to the objectives of the research and the investigated components, the type of applied research and its investigation method is descriptive-analytical. Theoretical data was prepared by document method and experimental data by survey method based on Delphi technique. The statistical population of 20 experts and specialists in the urban area is based on snowball sampling, in which 40 stimuli are processed by structural interaction analysis method in MICMAC software.Geographical area of research: The geographical scope of this research is four informal settlements of Pedr town, Sayad Shirazi town, Industrial town, Firozabad town or Pusht-Band of the state of Kerman.Results and discussion: In terms of mutual effects analysis, the findings indicate the dispersion of stimuli in a complex and intermediate situation of effectiveness and effectiveness; The clustering system of stimuli indicates concentration in the influential and independent cluster. Among the 40 driving forces, inter-institutional facilitation drivers in the regeneration of informal settlement contexts, information and institutional awareness, participation of residents in the institutionalization of re-creation of informal settlement contexts, collective solidarity of residents, the level of inter-institutional cooperation and overlap of laws and regulations They had the highest direct influence. These forces are input and stable in terms of system performance, which has a role of high effectiveness and low effectiveness.Conclusion: As a result, it controls the macro situation of the system and its changes, and the management of urban synergy in the regeneration of informal settlements in Kerman depends more on their performance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
283 - Desirability assessment of factors affecting the feeling of security in historical contexts and providing appropriate solutions (Case study: Zartoshtian neighborhood of Kerman city)
Zahra Rezaei Estabragh Hossein Zabihi Reza AhmadianIntroduction: The historical fabric of the cities are part of the national and cultural capital of the country, which are valuable not only in terms of aesthetics, continuity of collective memories and giving identity to our cities, The purpose of the research: The main MoreIntroduction: The historical fabric of the cities are part of the national and cultural capital of the country, which are valuable not only in terms of aesthetics, continuity of collective memories and giving identity to our cities, The purpose of the research: The main purpose of the present research is to investigate the explanation of factors affecting the improvement of security in the historical context of Zartoshtian neighborhood of Kerman.Research methodology: This research is part of applied research in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical research in terms of method. The data was collected through a questionnaire with four main indicators and 23 items through the review of valid research documents, and the sample size was calculated as 120 people based on Cochran's formula. To analyze the findings from field studies, sample t-test and factor analysis methods were used in ssps software.The geographical scope of the research: The Zartoshtian neighborhood in Kerman is the study center of the current research, which is the central part of the city, which is the old context, is located in the west of this city.Findings and discussion: The results obtained from the t-test show that the highest general satisfaction from the citizens is related to the monitoring component with an average of 3.53. Also, the access component has the least satisfaction with a total average score of 2.99 (below the average of 3); In the other two components of the research, physical-spatial and social-behavioral, average ratings were also obtained and the average of these components was 3.08 and 3.35, respectively. Also, in this research, four factors with eigenvalues higher than one were extracted, the first factor with an eigenvalue of 4.827, alone includes 21% of the variance of the variables and has the most impact among the four effective factors. After that, the second factor with a specific value of 3.361 and 15% of the variance, the third factor with a specific value of 2.668 and 11% of the variance, and the fourth factor with a value of 1.923 and 8.360% of the total variance.Results: In general, according to the results obtained, we find that the public spaces of Zartoshtian neighborhood do not have a high level of security; Therefore in this research, by providing solutions and suggestions, we can provide the necessary background and platform to establish and improve security in the historical context of Zartoshtian neighborhood. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
284 - -
shahriar khaledi faramarz khoshakhlagh mehdi khazaee -
Open Access Article
285 - Analysis Temperature patterns associated with urban land use using remote sensing data (Case Study: Kermanshah city)
mehdi narengifard Ahmad mazidi esmaeil abdoliLand use and land cover diversity and difference on one hand and changes in destruction of green space of the urban landscape as a result of increasing population and expanding dense urban areas on the other hand would result in change in energy balance, heat accumulati MoreLand use and land cover diversity and difference on one hand and changes in destruction of green space of the urban landscape as a result of increasing population and expanding dense urban areas on the other hand would result in change in energy balance, heat accumulation and temperature patterns in urban areas. Thus, the analysis of user relationships and the influence of land cover on slopes temperature can influence each other and play an important role in urban management. In this study, the thermal patterns in Kermanshah, a city in west of Iran as the main center of population which is faced with a growing population and high rates of immigration was studied. The purpose of this study is to extract heat patterns and land use in urban areas using remote sensing data. Therefore, classification of land cover classification based on the maximum likelihood algorithm is applied and the land surface temperature from TM sensor Landsat satellite images using to date: 31 August 2011 was measured. The results represented five temperature ranges and three residential users, vegetation and barren derived from the city in which barren land use, residential and vegetation temperature range of 30-36 ° C and 16-22 and 25-26 have occupied the largest area data Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
286 - spacial distribution of urban services (case study:Kermanshah city)
moslem rostami jafar shaeliWith regard to social justice, the distribution of facilities and services and their features are connected with social welfare inseparably so that one can not separate them from marginal issues such as inequality of citizens and personal freedom. We should remember tha MoreWith regard to social justice, the distribution of facilities and services and their features are connected with social welfare inseparably so that one can not separate them from marginal issues such as inequality of citizens and personal freedom. We should remember that even the most attractive places or the best ones regarding accessability position and life can’t provide the residents with joy and welfare, if they are exposed to the lack or weakness of accessibility to resources and facilities. The distribution of the ideal and proper services and the enjoyment of social welfare is not a new issue but it has been influenced by our past performance as the welfare of the future will be affected by our present performance This research has investigated the space distribution of public urban services within the Kermanshah city.For this, 21 compilations have been used and the distribution of public urban services has been investigated within the 5 districts of Kermanshsh city.For determining the degree of development within the five districts of Kermanshah city the taxonomy technique was used .The result indicated that the central district of Kermanshah is the most developed urban district within this city.. In addition, GIS technique has been employed for identifying the performance radius of the public urban services; Also, the enjoying and unenjoying districts have been identified. The findings of the research indicate that the space distribution of public services within this city has been accomplished much inequitably and it requires further public services. Moreover, this investigation indicated that in relation with dwelling indicator, there is a significant relationship between the average price of lands and per capital income and rental payments . It means that , the more the income and the rental payments within the concerned urban districts , the higher the price of lands. This factor has led to the formation of the enjoying and unenjoying districts . Finally among the successful plannings we should resort to participatory planning and apply new programming techniques for overcoming such difficulties including GIS. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
287 - Ranking of Rate of The Development Parameters of Kermanshah Province Using HDI Model
moslem rostami javad daman bagh sajad naghdiNot only does the Human Development Index (HDI) show the strengths and weaknesses of the regions under study, it can also be regarded as a suitable base for reducing regional differences and additionally, awareness of the existing disparities among regions is MoreNot only does the Human Development Index (HDI) show the strengths and weaknesses of the regions under study, it can also be regarded as a suitable base for reducing regional differences and additionally, awareness of the existing disparities among regions is deemed as the most significant step for provision of appropriate strategies and increasing the success ratio of development methods and outside-in and inside-out planning. The present study aims to evaluate the deprivation and development pitch of the counties of Kermanshah province through calculating their Human Development Index (HDI) and displays them after classification. The required data was collected through library research and visiting the relevant organizations. The results of the study demonstrate that according to the HDI values of such counties as Salas-e Babajani with an index of 0.23, Dalahu with an index of 0.41, Jawanroud with an index of 0.48 and Qasr-e Shirin with an index of 0.49, it can be concluded that they are regarded as the deprived counties of town of Kermanshah with an index of 0.634, Islamabad-e Gharb with an index of 0.628 and kangavar with an index of 0.58 are ranked first, second and third in this respect respectively. Overall, HDI classification shows that out of a total of fourteen Counties based in Kermanshah, five of them are underdeveloped and the nine other counties are averagely developed. There are no developed Counties in Kermanshah province on the basis of indexes under study, which shows the priority of development as well as the necessity for attaching more significance to this province in respect of development plans in line with the integrated and sustainable developments in these regions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
288 - The Analysis of Spatial distribution of Parks of District one of Kermanshah city by GIS
moslem rostami mozafar Bahman Oramani naser khaneh badIntroduction The population of cities is increased every day in contrast, green spaces is limited for the sake of tall buildings. Also, man’s soul has always dealt with flower, plants and trees and beneficial effects of green spaces are undeniable for hum MoreIntroduction The population of cities is increased every day in contrast, green spaces is limited for the sake of tall buildings. Also, man’s soul has always dealt with flower, plants and trees and beneficial effects of green spaces are undeniable for human spirit. so, the importance of green spaces becomes more visible, and urban planners try to provide a pleasant and beautiful surrounding for man’s welfare. Green space is one of the man’s basic needs. Man’s demand for accessing to economical, social and recreational facilities on one hand, and lack of sufficient lands for service, dwelling and industrial, centers on the other hand caused urban gardens and trees be destroyed by service and building makers, This process has so broad that nothing has remained from green gardens and planted trees except limited amounts. In addition to shortage of green space there are other problems e.g. luck of correspondence between applied system of green space and spatial construction of city. Also, not having access to these spaces caused the issue of green space become more serious. This study aims to investigate the spatial distribution of parks of district one of Kermanshah city and it tries to analyze the shortages, the way of spatial distribution, the amount of access. This research aims to answer some questions in this regard: * Responsible Author: Rostami_moslem@iauksh.ac.ir -Do the current amount of green space in district one of Kermanshah suffice its population? -Are the parks of this district distributed properly? For compiling definitions, concepts and theories library and documentary research has been used and GIS software used for analyzing data. Research Methodology The location of green space is important. Jane Jacobs, a contemporary critic, believed that park should be build where there are a large number of people, culture and business activities. Analysis of parks based on the approach, balancing the position of green spaces according to population rate and a public access to these places are among the main purposes of this research. Results According to the public statistics of people and dwelling in 1385, the population of Kermanshah was 794863 people from which 77817 persons live in district one which is the lowest population among all districts. Also 69 persons per hectare (acres)is determined from the study. the result was compared with the global standard which revealed that the amount of green spaces for each person is so far from the standardized rate. According to the gained statistics, the whole amount of green spaces of Kermanshah is 614 acres from which 84.4 acres is in district one (14 % ).with respect to the population of Kermanshah, the amount of green space for one person in district one is 10.84 m which indicates the equipped parks have been limited to 6.35 m In this study , the amount of access to parks has been considered according to four factors i.e., neighborhood, local, districts and areas and 550 meters was realized for applied process. Analysis was done by GIS and it revealed that 91 % of population is in the circle and 9 % are outside the applied range of parks. Conclusion The applied range of parks has properly been distributed to some extent. But, the main problem of district one is the amount of green space and due to the population growth and development of apartments the amount of green space is limiting. The shortage of equipments and improper location of parks are big problems. Despite the shortages, many people spend free time in parks which don't have enough space. No service is provided from public or private organizations. The government and municipals are responsible for investment but they try to establish market places and trade centers which lead to playing multiple roles of parks. Also, in planning, less attention is paid to green places. As a result, we can't achieve ideal purposes. We can touch such problems in this area on the basis of investigations and observations of equipped green spaces in this district, no table cases and significant problems are as follows: *lack of proper access to parks; most of parks have been established beside the main roads or in a marginal place. *neighborhood with some irrelevant applications some of parks are near filling –station or army buildings which are not proper in the surroundings of parks. *shortage of proper furniture and lack of sanitation and recreation facilities. Finally , some strategies and solutions for expanding and maintaining green spaces: - offices, companies and individuals should be free from paying taxes for producing green spaces - appreciating those who have been active in the field of planting green spaces by holding frequent gatherings. - publishing books and advertising papers about the importance of green spaces and delivery to people freely. - giving people free flowers and trees for planting and developing green spaces - planting trees by artists , athletes in urban spaces. - Using private companies for helping in the process of developing green spaces. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
289 - Determination of Private sector s investing fields for developing the rural industries activities in Kermanshah rural areas
masood safari parviz kardavani farzad moradiIntroduction Rural areas of the country in the last decades economic were of high Vulnerability. Industrial growth in the big cities, but also rural areas development, exacerbation of poverty found in the increase and the gap between the earning between urban a MoreIntroduction Rural areas of the country in the last decades economic were of high Vulnerability. Industrial growth in the big cities, but also rural areas development, exacerbation of poverty found in the increase and the gap between the earning between urban and rural areas was not reduced. Rural challenges faced today is essential in Iran is one of the challenges is the lack of employment and negative consequences, Rural industries is one of the solutions that can be used in tandem with other activities in rural regions apply so as to solve the problem of employment. Research Methodology The main objective of this study was to Determination of Private sectors investing fields for developing the rural industries activities in rural Kermanshah Areas. The study area was the city of Kermanshah is like that of other rural regions of Iran in recent years with continuous migration during in the countryside-urban.The community was studied in this research include households residing in the city in the rural regions of Kermanshah is based on census 2006, range studied with 732 points, household and 163095 people of the rural population is 36047.Due to the high number of villages of the city, the study was not all possible statistical society and Cochran sampling was used. The number of community-based samples analysis unit is the household number 320 sample attendants The research method is based on using questionnaire. In order to analyze variables it used statistical method includes correlation regression and nonparametric statistic with SPSS software. * Responsible Author: safarimasood@yahoo.com Results Results of this study, two types of descriptive and analytical findings has been divided into more descriptive findings of de demographic situation, such as age, sex, education and income level of households has been investigated. A study of field associated with a tendency to investment by the private sector for the creation and development of rural industries in the rural city of Kermanshah, indicating that it is 23.1 per cent of the total response maps Guyana's enormous, 47.5% options, 22.5 percent of low-and high-6.9% have very little choice. Findings show rural areas is no relationship of Between income level and the tendency to investment, But private sector investment more under the influence of other factors, such as governmental support, such as loans and training in entrepreneurship and future career. Also among the individual properties only between age and inclination to investment a significant relationship exists. Other findings of this study, the tendency for high response in rural areas. Conclusion One of these sources in the direction of the creation of employment and earning income in rural activities related to rural industries and technology and studies in rural regions. Facilitate the process and conditions of repayment of the loan and get finally contribute to the process of marketing products small scale at the level of District Board can improve the process of the development of rural industries. Creating data station according to the understudy area potentials. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
290 - Statistical Analysis of Annual Temperature Kermanshah Synoptic Station and it Relationship with Rain and Humidity(1951-2005)
Reza Khoshraftar Hamid AkbarieTemperature is one of climatic components which has significant role over other climatic elements. Analysis of its change trend in environment planning is import solution for many environment problems. In this research, in order to analyze the trend and temperature cond MoreTemperature is one of climatic components which has significant role over other climatic elements. Analysis of its change trend in environment planning is import solution for many environment problems. In this research, in order to analyze the trend and temperature condition in Kermanshah, the average and monthly temperature applied during the statistical period (1957-2005). There for by using the statistical parameters and SPSS software, various kind of diagram is drawn and analyzed. The result from statistical analysis indicated that annual temperature of Kermanshah station ranged from 14/46 to 14/53. Based on test, although the temperatures of Kermanshah have fluctuated toward the average temperature in some years, but generally it indicates the normal trend. Analyzing the probability of temperature occurrence in different level based on webule’s experimental formula and table method indicated that, with 90-80 percent possibility, annual temperature of Kermanshah will be between 15 – 15/5 . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
291 - Explanation and evaluation of educational development in the Kerman province
amin kakadezfooli anis kakadezfooli aliasghar abdolahiUnreasonable and disproportionate focus in the areas of biological resources, economic development - socially unequal geographical areas will follow. Something that is reflected in their diverse geographical landscape and urban growth can be found. The urban network in MoreUnreasonable and disproportionate focus in the areas of biological resources, economic development - socially unequal geographical areas will follow. Something that is reflected in their diverse geographical landscape and urban growth can be found. The urban network in such a process is unbalanced performance. To create balance and to shape adequate and homogeneous spaces discuss regional planning, economic inequality of knowledge, social and cultural areas are different. The aim of this study was to identify the current model of the spatial distribution of educational development in the city of Kerman province. The research is applied and the method of cross-examination. The research data were collected from the Statistical Yearbook of Kerman province in 1390, And by software, EXCEL, GIS, and also methods TOPSIS, VIKOR, SAW and using the results of three models are combined Kaplan. The results show that the spatial distribution of educational development in the province of Kerman has been very uneven and is in stark contrast to the space justice. This inequality has occurred in the geographical area and population. Longitude most developed city in the north of the province are located. The population of the city has been the development of further training that have more population. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
292 - Submitting and Evaluating a Model for Locating Optimal Sites for Establishing Fire Stations through GIS (Case Study : Kermanshah City)
رسول حیدری مسلم رستمیThe optimal distribution and positioning of fire stations is of vital significance due to the increasing magnitude and consideration given to the issue of safety in cities and providing arrangements with the aim of hampering and preventing variant incidents. Therefore, MoreThe optimal distribution and positioning of fire stations is of vital significance due to the increasing magnitude and consideration given to the issue of safety in cities and providing arrangements with the aim of hampering and preventing variant incidents. Therefore, the main aim of undertaking such a research is to assess and present an optimal model for positioning with the aim of establishing fire stations across the town of Kermanshah through the agency of GIS. This is an application-oriented kind of research being undertaken through descriptive-analytical methods. Given the state of the town of Kermanshah, such criteria as population density, being in the vicinity of street networks, the radius of coverage given by fire stations, the usage of compatible and incompatible lands have been utilized in the form of a model integrating AHP and GIS together. The results of the research demonstrate that a major portion of the town of Kermanshah lies beyond the operational scope of fire stations, in such a way that 33.54% of the population of the town of Kermanshah are deprived of a suitable coverage provided by fire stations. The outcome of applying the integrated model of ArcGIS and AHP with the aim of identifying appropriate sites for establishing fire stations throughout the town of Kermanshah manifests the fact that firstly, considering the five criteria being used in this research, this model has well been capable of prioritizing the scope under study in terms of the need for establishing fire stations and secondly, the regions which hold the first priority in positioning are based around the town of Kermanshah, especially in eastern and northeastern parts. So, as a result, by establishing new fire stations in such regions, the whole of the town of Kermanshah can be given a good coverage Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
293 - Analysis of the human development index in Kermanshah Province
rahmatollah bahrami khalil atarHuman development can be extended to the selection process in the context of space capabilities to achieve better defined. On the other hand, "the motion of any society to achieve development, human factors. Humans are also agents of development and its ultimate goal. S MoreHuman development can be extended to the selection process in the context of space capabilities to achieve better defined. On the other hand, "the motion of any society to achieve development, human factors. Humans are also agents of development and its ultimate goal. So important because, nowadays, people-centered development, human development is central to the debate. Therefore, a comprehensive study on the progress of humanity, such as the circumstances of economic, cultural development framework sustainable is one of the necessities of the inevitable issues of development for each region is one? The findings indicate that improvement of this index increases life expectancy of 64/9 years to 69 years in the education index and the literacy rate for men and women from 68 percent in 1375, more than 80 percent in 1385 has increased. But in per capita income, studies show that the share of household income province to 14 percent less than the average of the country in this position 25 countries are located. Given the low wages and rising unemployment in the province, a strategic plan to improve the human development index in the province through the development budget in order to increase employment in the province of the privileged position with regard to communication and trade with Iraq, the oil-dependent industrial development due to the abundant oil resources in the province is recommended. Any gender differences in the base human development is more, gender-related development index will be lower than the human development index. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
294 - Climate feasibility of olive cultivation in Kermanshah Province
seyed hasan Mirmousavi Hamid AkbariThis study is implemented to survey and compare weather conditions in selected stations (Kermanshah, Kangavar, Islamabad Gharb, Sarpolezahab, and Ravansar) in a statistical period of at least 18 years, with bioclimatic needs of olive tree cultivation feasibility. For th MoreThis study is implemented to survey and compare weather conditions in selected stations (Kermanshah, Kangavar, Islamabad Gharb, Sarpolezahab, and Ravansar) in a statistical period of at least 18 years, with bioclimatic needs of olive tree cultivation feasibility. For this purpose, regarding phonological conditions of olive and its match with needed climate effective indices in cultivation of the crop has been investigated. Using FAO - Penman - Mantys irrigation and water requirement are calculated. Finally, the temperature need and cooling degree of the crop product were estimated. Results of this study indicate that among the elements of climate, temperature is a limiting factor. The estimated irrigation and water requirements also indicated that the selected stations face dire shortage to rainfall and irrigation for producing quality product, but they are not limiting factors. Comparing climatic elements of Kermanshah with specific needs of olive climate it was indicated that the lowest temperature degree in the coldest month and the highest temperature, in the hottest month, and sunny hours have full compatibility with physiological conditions of olive. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
295 - .
اکبر وروایی عمران پرنداخ -
Open Access Article
296 - .
نوذر قنبری علی سلیمیان فوزیه کیمیایی مهرداد ورناصری -
Open Access Article
297 - .
سیروس محبی مسلم رستمی سمیرا کلانتری پور اقبال سلطانی -
Open Access Article
298 - تأثیر مدیریت دانش بر کارآفرینی سازمانی کارشناسان ترویج کشاورزی در استان کرمانشاه
زهرا کرانیامروزه، در محیط آشفته کسب و کار، سازمان­ها با چالش­های جدیدی نظیر پاسخ سریع به تقاضاهای جدید مشتریان، کشف فرصت­های جدید، بکارگیری فنآوری­های جدید و در حال رشد و ایجاد مزیت رقابتی روبرو هستند. مدیریت دانش و کارآفرینی سازمانی دو ابزار راهبردی هستند که سازم Moreامروزه، در محیط آشفته کسب و کار، سازمان­ها با چالش­های جدیدی نظیر پاسخ سریع به تقاضاهای جدید مشتریان، کشف فرصت­های جدید، بکارگیری فنآوری­های جدید و در حال رشد و ایجاد مزیت رقابتی روبرو هستند. مدیریت دانش و کارآفرینی سازمانی دو ابزار راهبردی هستند که سازمان­ها از طریق آن­ها می­توانند از مزیت­های رقابتی خود در جهت کشف فرصت­های بالقوه استفاده کنند. از آنجایی که مدیریت دانش و کارآفرینی سازمانی به صورت عملی به بهود عملکرد سازمان از طریق منابع خود کمک می­کنند؛ بنابراین، نه تنها با هم در ارتباطند، بلکه بر همدیگر نیز تأثیر می­گذارند. در این راستا، پژوهش حاضر به منظور بررسی تأثیر مدیریت دانش بر کارآفرینی سازمانی کارشناسان ترویج کشاورزی در استان کرمانشاه انجام شد. جامعۀ آماری پژوهش شامل کلیۀ کارشناسان ترویج کشاورزی در مدیریت جهاد و مراکز خدمات کشاورزی در استان کرمانشاه بودند (N=536). با استفاده از جدول نمونه گیری بارتلت و همکاران (2001)، تعداد 155 نفر از آن­ها به روش نمونه­گیری تصادفی طبقه­ای با انتساب متناسب برای مطالعه انتخاب شدند. ابزار اصلی پژوهش پرسشنامه­ای بود که روایی آن توسط پانل متخصصان و پایایی آن با محاسبۀ ضریب آلفای کرونباخ تأیید شد. تجزیه و تحلیل داده­ها در دو بخش آمار توصیفی و استنباطی با استفاده از نرم­افزار SPSS نسخۀ 23 انجام شد. نتایج پژوهش نشان داد که مؤلفه­های مدیریت دانش (شامل: خلق، کسب، سازماندهی، ذخیره، انتشار و کاربرد دانش) تأثیر مثبت و معناداری بر کارآفرینی سازمانی کارشناسان ترویج کشاورزی در استان کرمانشاه داشتند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
299 - مدیریت مصرف ضایعات برگ خرما در تغذیه دام دامداران جنوب استان کرمان
محسن عادلی ساردویی محمد خداوردیزاده امید علی اسماعیلی پوربراساس آمار موجود در جنوب استان کرمان سالانه حدود 111498 تن برگ خرما به عنوان ضایعات تولید می­شود. مطالعات صورت پذیرفته حاکی از آن است که این ضایعات پتانسیل مناسبی در تأمین نیاز غذایی دام و جایگزین مناسبی برای خوراک مشابه از قبیل بقایای گندم در تغذیه دام هستند Moreبراساس آمار موجود در جنوب استان کرمان سالانه حدود 111498 تن برگ خرما به عنوان ضایعات تولید می­شود. مطالعات صورت پذیرفته حاکی از آن است که این ضایعات پتانسیل مناسبی در تأمین نیاز غذایی دام و جایگزین مناسبی برای خوراک مشابه از قبیل بقایای گندم در تغذیه دام هستند. در تحقیق حاضر تلاش شد تا با مفهوم تمایل به مصرف و با استفاده از مدل لاجیت ترتیبی عوامل موثر بر پذیرش ضایعات برگ خرما (ضبخ) توسط دامداران منطقه جنوب استان کرمان در سال 1399 مورد ارزیابی قرار گیرد. داده­ها و اطلاعات مورد نیاز از طریق تکمیل 202 پرسشنامه که به­طور تصادفی از بین دامداران جنوب استان کرمان توزیع و گردآوری شدند بدست آمد. مطابق نتایج حدود 51 درصد دامداران منطقه مورد مطالعه، تمایل به مصرف ضبخ ندارند و تنها 46 دامدار از کل نمونه مورد مطالعه مایل به مصرف این محصول هستند. براساس نتایج مدل لاجیت ترتیبی، با افزایش سابقه دامدار، ارائه اطلاعات و افزایش سطح آگاهی دامداران، کاهش نگرانی­های دامداران از بازخورد مصرف ضبخ در تغذیه دام­های­شان و عضویت در تعاونی، تمایل به مصرف ضبخ در تغذیه دامداری­ها افزایش مییابد. همچنین احتمال تمایل به مصرف ضبخ در دامداری­های بزرگتر و در گاوداری­ها نسبت به مزارع کوچک (گوسفند و بز) بیشتر است. با توجه به یافته­ها، به منظور مصرف ضبخ در تغذیه دامداری­ها، لازم است تا با اقدامات ترویجی و آموزشی دامداران منطقه مورد مطالعه نسبت به سلامت تغذیه دام­ها با این محصول آشنا شوند و علاوه بر این با اعطای تسهیلات به تولیدکنندگان متقاضی عرضه ضبخ به بازار و ایجاد مزارع نمایشی با تغذیه این محصول میتوان گام مثبتی در زمینه کاهش ضایعات و هدر رفت قابلیت تجاری این محصول برداشت. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
300 - Structural analysis of ten letters of Emad Faqih Kermani according to the structure of "Ra"
foruzandeh Edalat kashi Mahbubeh MobasheriTen letters is a literary genre in which the beloved and the beloved discuss their favorite topics in ten letters. The format of this type of literature is Masnavi. It begins in the fifth century with lyrical literature and the subject of love and culminates in the eigh MoreTen letters is a literary genre in which the beloved and the beloved discuss their favorite topics in ten letters. The format of this type of literature is Masnavi. It begins in the fifth century with lyrical literature and the subject of love and culminates in the eighth century in mystical literature. The Ten Letters of Emad Faqih Kermani, the mystic poet of the eighth century, is a collection of poetic letters, written in different forms. Letters that he wrote on different days for the people or sultans of the time and the lovers of time and at the end of his life he provided them in a collection and chose the title "Ten Letters" for it.This research aims to provide a descriptive-analytical method first about Emad Faqih Kermani and the ten letters and then to answer the question that the structure of "Ra" in the ten letters of Emad Faqih Kermani with what meanings and how many to Has it been employed? And considering this frequency, what is the structural style of Emad's ten letters? In the end, it is concluded that: out of 657 bits in ten letters, 45 bits have a "ra" structure. 12 cases are used as "objective signs", 23 cases mean "for", 9 cases mean "extra fraction" and 1 case means "to".6.85%, a very small amount, the structure "ra" in ten letters, shows that in the eighth century the use of this structure was low. this is one of the stylistic features of Emad Faqih Kermani's ten letters. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
301 - لرزه خیزی و حریم گسلش پیرامون گسل لاله زار کرمان
احمد ادیب آرمان آقاحسینی محسن پورکرمانی -
Open Access Article
302 - ارائه ی راهکارهای مدیریتی منابع آب زیرزمینی دشت های استان کرمان
علیرضا شاهی دشت احمد عباس نژاد -
Open Access Article
303 - بررسی خصوصیات حوزه رسوبی دشت کرمان از دیدگاه زمین شناسی مهندسی
ایمان آقاملایی غلامرضا لشکری پور محمد غفوری محمدرضا امینی زاده -
Open Access Article
304 - اعتبار سنجی نتایج آزمایش نفوذ استاندارد در تعیین شاخص های طراحی (مطالعه موردی، مجتمع پزشکی-تجاری استقلال کرمان)
علی ارومیه ای شکیبا مریخی -
Open Access Article
305 - ارزیابی حساسیت آبهای زیرزمینی به آلودگی در دشت خاتون آباد با استفاده از سامانه ی اطلاعات جغرافیایی
رضا درخشانی محمود علیپور -
Open Access Article
306 - برّرسی فعالیت گسل گوک بر اساس شاخص نسبت پهنای کف دره به ارتفاع دره
Jafar Rahnamarad رحمان اکبری جمالزاده فریدون خسروی رضا درخشانی -
Open Access Article
307 - Assessing the resilience of public library staff against earthquakes: A case study of public library staff of Kermanshah province
Farshad Parhamnia Mahmoud MoradiObjective: The aim of the present study was to investigate the resilience of Kermanshah public library staff to the earthquake. Methods: The present study is applied research that adopted a survey method. The sample size was 97 employees of Kermanshah public l MoreObjective: The aim of the present study was to investigate the resilience of Kermanshah public library staff to the earthquake. Methods: The present study is applied research that adopted a survey method. The sample size was 97 employees of Kermanshah public libraries. The data were collected using a resilience questionnaire. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to assess the reliability of the questionnaire, which was 0.929. Data analysis was performed using Single group token test (mark), Excel software, and SPSS 23. Results: The findings showed that resilience dimensions including social dimension with an average of 2.89, economic dimension 2.53, organizational dimension 2.54, and physical dimension 2.77. In general, the overall average of resilience was equal to (2.71), which indicated that there was a significant difference between the theoretical average (3) and the obtained means. Therefore, Kermanshah public libraries staff are in an unfavorable situation of resilience against earthquakes. Conclusion: In this regard, earthquake preparedness training by public libraries is essential to take a step towards sustainable library development. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
308 - The Factors Influencing the Quality Enhancement of Scientific Research in Azad Universities of Sanandaj and Kermansha
afsaneh zamani Ali Taghipour Zahir Mustafa Ejtehadi jalal mohammadeObjective:The aim of this study is to investigate the factors Affecting the quality enhancement of knowledge production and research in Azad universities of Kermanshah and Sanandaj. Methods: The research method in terms of purpose is applied and in term of data collecti MoreObjective:The aim of this study is to investigate the factors Affecting the quality enhancement of knowledge production and research in Azad universities of Kermanshah and Sanandaj. Methods: The research method in terms of purpose is applied and in term of data collection is survey. The study population consists of all faculty members and researchers and research managers of the Islamic Azad universities of Sanandaj and Kermanshah, the number of them is 298. Via Using Morgan table, 222 samples were selected for the research population utilizing a simple random sampling method. The formal and content validity was estimated through the questionnaire was estimated through its formal and content validity and its reliability by distributing a trial questionnaire in a sample of 30 people through Cronbach's alpha 878%. Results: The results of Friedman test showed that the components of education, financial resources, professional human resources, organizational culture of the university and the management have an impact on the quality of research in the university Conclusion: Among the factors: the assessment of the quality of students by seeking advice from the interested organizations, employers and other organizations and companies, the selection of interested researchers to encourage students, the creation of the IT- infrastructure to get access to scientific and technical information at the world level, and the development of a clear plan to self- manage some sectors of the university, the increase of revenues and decentralization of financial management were on top of the items. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
309 - The comparison of the use of 4c customer-oriented mixed marketing in public libraries of Kermanshah based on user’s views
soheila moradi Mahmoud moradi Amin ZareObjective: The purpose of this study was to compare the use of 4C customer-oriented mixed marketing in public libraries of Kermanshah based on users' views.Methodology: The present research is applied and the research method is descriptive-survey. Sampling method is str MoreObjective: The purpose of this study was to compare the use of 4C customer-oriented mixed marketing in public libraries of Kermanshah based on users' views.Methodology: The present research is applied and the research method is descriptive-survey. Sampling method is stratified random and sample size based on Cochran's formula were 377 out of 21376 members of public libraries in Kermanshah. Data collection tool was Jafri, Moradi and Zare customer orientation marketing questionnaire. The reliability coefficient of the questionnaire was calculated to be 0.913 using Cronbach's alpha. For data analysis, SPSS software (version 24) as well as one-way analysis of variance and Friedman test were used.Results: The research findings show the components of the values expected by the customer in Imam Ali (AS) Public Library with an average of 3.83, Customer cost in Alagha Public Library with average (3.59), Customer comfort in Shahid Avini Public Library with average (3.57), Customer relationship in Shahid Avini Public Library with an average (3.32) are in a better situation than other libraries. The results show the status of Shahid Avini Public Libraries with an average rating (13.33) and Amir Kabir Library with an average rating (12.33) are in a better condition in terms of using a 4C marketing mix compared to others. public libraries in Kermanshah.Conclusion: The results showed that public libraries in Kermanshah have performed poorly in terms of using the 4C customer-oriented mixed marketing, especially in the field of customer relationship component. Librarians and managers need to do more, because marketing helps a lot in attracting and retaining customers, and libraries need to use marketing principles in order to stay afloat. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
310 - Analysis of psychological characteristics of librarians of the Central Libraries of Tehran’s State Universities
Behnaz Jalalie Mitra Ghiasi safiyeh tahmasebi limooniAbstractObjective: The purpose of this study is to identify the psychological characteristics of employees and librarians of central libraries of Tehran’s state Universities.Methodology: The present research method is descriptive _ correlation and the statistical MoreAbstractObjective: The purpose of this study is to identify the psychological characteristics of employees and librarians of central libraries of Tehran’s state Universities.Methodology: The present research method is descriptive _ correlation and the statistical population of the research is the manpower of central libraries of public libraries in Tehran. To study the research community, a Neo questionnaire was used. In this study, Cronbach’s alpha test was used to measure the reliability of the questionnaire. Cronbach’s alpha is 0.897. It indicates that the questionnaire has the desired validity. Also the validity and validity of the Neo personality questionnaire was implemented by Costa and McConnell (1987)on 208 American students within three months, whose validity coefficients were obtained between 0/83 to 0/ 75, which showed long - term validity of the questionnaire.Results: The cross - sectional score of the librarians is between 12 and 24 indicating that they have lasting emotions, scores of four additional features between 24 and 48, indicating that the librarians are flexible, sometimes an introvert, sometimes an extrovert, they care about others and their responsibilities. there was also no significant relationship between demographic variables and psychological characteristics.Conclusion: The librarians are emotionally stable, relaxed and easy to face with complex situations, they are social people and they have close relationships with others, but sometimes they are rather conservative, but sometimes they may be mindful of their interests, but they may sometimes be mindful of their interests. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
311 - The factors related to library vandalism from the view of librarians of kermanshah public libraries
soraya zangeneh Arezoo GhanbariThe original aim of study was to survey the factors related to library vandalism from the view of librarians of kermanshah public libraries (KPL). The research was applied and surveyed.The study population was all librarians working in KPL that with Cochran's formula, t MoreThe original aim of study was to survey the factors related to library vandalism from the view of librarians of kermanshah public libraries (KPL). The research was applied and surveyed.The study population was all librarians working in KPL that with Cochran's formula, the sample size was 118. Simple random sampling was used .Three categories of factors "individual", "library" and "social and cultural" were identified as related factors of vandalism in KPL. This theoretical model using structural equation software Amos and confirmatory factor analysis were tested. The most common type of destruction was book scrawling, annotation or writing inside the books. A significant relationship was seen between the Income and the trend to vandalism. The most important factor influencing library vandalism was the lack of information resources needed by clients. Among the variables of cultural and social dimension, the relationship between cultural poverty and Being criminal of Library location was significant.Regarding the dimensions of individual factors, the variable of personality traits(Regression coefficient 0.82) became significant. Among the three factors related to library vandalism, the most important dimension in the present study was the library dimension (Path coefficient 0.74).The installation of Closed-circuit television (CCTV) and theft notification system, identification of vandals and warning them to stay away from violence, close supervision of librarians and guarding libraries, ways to dealwith vandalism were presented. Equipping libraries and training of librarians in order to deal well with users, Holding training workshops to inform users about the criminality of vandalism can be effective in reducing vandalism. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
312 - Examining the factors influencing faculty members knowledge sharing based on the Planned Behavior Theory
Nafise Amirinejad Mohammad Aazami Farzaneh Zolala Ali TalebianPurpose: Knowledge sharing is a critical issue for organizations. They define it as the activities for transferring and distributing knowledge from one person, group, or organization to another person, group or organization. Thus, this study has been conducted aiming at MorePurpose: Knowledge sharing is a critical issue for organizations. They define it as the activities for transferring and distributing knowledge from one person, group, or organization to another person, group or organization. Thus, this study has been conducted aiming at investigating the effective factors on knowledge sharing among faculty members of Kerman University of Medical Sciences. Methodology: The present study is an analytical kind of survey research instruments includes a researcher-made questionnaire which is based on the theory of planned behavior. The population of this study includes 395 participants from faculty members of Kerman University of Medical Sciences out of whom the sample size of 120 participants was determined using co relational coefficient. In order to analyze data descriptive statistics, frequency distribution, percentage, variance, mean, and standard deviation were used and at the level of inferential statistics general linear model was used. The analysis conducted by SPSS 16 software. Findings: The results showed that there is no significant relationship between the attitude and the intention of knowledge sharing but there is a positive and significant relationship of mental norms and perceived behavioral control with the faculty members' intention of knowledge sharing. There is no significant relationship between demographic information (including age, gender, college location, academic ranking, academic degree, and teaching experience) and attitude and mental norms but based on the ranking of the participants, significant relationship has been observed of demographic information and perceived behavioral control with the intention of knowledge sharing. Conclusion: The results showed that the theory of planned behavior has been effective regarding the expression of the effective factors on knowledge sharing, and in order to promote knowledge sharing behavior of faculty members of Kerman University of Medical Sciences, it is necessary for educational and research administrators of the university to apply remedial measures in their agenda for the improvement of faculty members' attitude. In addition to elements of this theory, some of intervening variables like academic ranking of faculty members can influence on the intention of knowledge sharing. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
313 - A survey of information seeking behavior of the postgraduate students of Razi University in the World Wide Web environment
Zohreh Parvini ali dizajiPurpose: This research aims to study the information seeking behavior of the postgraduate students in Razi University on the web. Methodology: The method used is based on the grounded theory. The data was gathered through the interview. A purposeful sampling technique i MorePurpose: This research aims to study the information seeking behavior of the postgraduate students in Razi University on the web. Methodology: The method used is based on the grounded theory. The data was gathered through the interview. A purposeful sampling technique is used to indicate a total sample of 30 postgraduate students of Razi University for the study. The grounded theory based on Meho and Tibbo’s model was used in this research. Findings: The results showed that the information seeking behavior model is based on the three basic stages of searching, accessing, and processing with eight sublevels i.e. starting, chaining, and revising in the first stage; selecting and updating in the second stage; filing, archiving, and organizing in the third stage. The major effective criteria within the three stages of information seeking behavior model have also been identified and reported. Conclusion: The important problems faced by the students in two stages of information accessing and processing were unreliability of websites, outdated sources of information, low speed transfer rate or internet access disconnection, e-journal discontinuation for subscription, unavailability of information, and unfamiliarity with the research methodology. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
314 - The Acceptance and use of Latin on-line databases among faculty members of Kermanshah universities based on Unified Theory of Acceptance and use of Technology (UTAUT)
negin hoseini Mehrdokht Vazirpour Keshmiri Mozaffar Cheshmeh SohrabiPurpose: The main objective of this research is to evaluate acceptance and use of Latin on-line data-bases among faculty members of Kermanshah universities based on UTAUT(Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology) theory. Methodology: Analytic – descri MorePurpose: The main objective of this research is to evaluate acceptance and use of Latin on-line data-bases among faculty members of Kermanshah universities based on UTAUT(Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology) theory. Methodology: Analytic – descriptive model is used. For data –gathering a questionnaire has been used. Statistical population include all faculty members (Razi university, medical science university and Islamic Azad university Kermanshah branch) totally 725 members. Stratified- random sampling was used and to determine the sample size. Morgan table was used. The sample size was 254 and totally 245 questionnaire was completed. Findings: The findings indicate that the faculties have accepted on-line data base and use it extensively. It was determined that there is a significant relationship between performance expectancy, social influence, facilitating conditions, behavioral intention, voluntariness, anxiety, on –line acceptance variable; but there is no significant relationship between effort expectancy and acceptance. The findings also indicate that there is a significant relationship between gender and acceptance but there is no significant relationship between gender and online data base use. There is also a significant relationship between acceptance and use and faculty’s degree, but such a relationship. Does not exist either between age and use, or experience, acceptance and use. Conclusion: Conclusion showed that acceptance for inclusion in activities and use of information and communication technology, online databases, especially in Latin Strategic and operational planning which components should be considered and the effectiveness of each component of this theory is how to be based on the strategic plan was necessary. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
315 - Studying the quality of services in libraries of Kermanshah Medical Sciences University using LibQual Model
saeed ghaffariPurpose: The present research aims to assess performance quality of libraries of Medical Sciences University in Kermanshah through LibQual. Methodology: We used the LibQual Survey. 195 library users completed the questionnaire. Findings: The research findings show tha MorePurpose: The present research aims to assess performance quality of libraries of Medical Sciences University in Kermanshah through LibQual. Methodology: We used the LibQual Survey. 195 library users completed the questionnaire. Findings: The research findings show that although the overall services of the Medical libraries meet the users' needs, minimum expected level of service (adequacy gap = 0/12), there is a significant gap between the perceived level of library services and the users, desired level of service (Superiority gap = -2/22). Conclusion: The performance of Health library is better than another library (by average 6/37) and the Medical library has the worst performance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
316 - Online databases in Kerman University of Medical Sciences and meeting students’ information needs
Mozhde Salajeghe Farideh Osareh Mahdieh Momenabadi Purpose: The main aim of present study is to determine the responding rate of available online databases according to the informational demands of general physician students in Kerman Medical University in 2009. Methodology: This study is a descriptive one and ha More Purpose: The main aim of present study is to determine the responding rate of available online databases according to the informational demands of general physician students in Kerman Medical University in 2009. Methodology: This study is a descriptive one and has been done by a survey method. A questionnaire based on the Likert spectrum has been utilized in order to collect information and includes 15 categorized questions. The statistical populations of the current research are general physician students in the Medical University of Kerman. Findings: The familiarity of the general physician students with the databases was lower than average levels (92/5%), and presented a degree lower than average level (95/7%) in using the online databases. Most of responders (48/6%) have searched online databases by simple search. PubMed database is the most widely used (the mean 2/52%) and according to students’ opinions, contents of these databases have completed the contents of printed resources (75/5%). Also, in relation to the use of these databases they mentioned some obstacles (79/7%). Conclusion: Removal of many obstacles and suitable training of information retrieval skills promise more effective use of these resources. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
317 - A comparison of Razi University faculty members’ information needs with the acquisition of journals in its central library based on citation analysis of their publications in ISI and SCOPUS (1990-2007)
mohammad reza ghanee iran abedi shokuh tafreshiThis research surveys the acquisition of journals in central library of Razi University of Kermanshah considering how much these journals have been utilized by faculty members of the university in order to publish papers indexed in ISI and Scopus by making use of citati MoreThis research surveys the acquisition of journals in central library of Razi University of Kermanshah considering how much these journals have been utilized by faculty members of the university in order to publish papers indexed in ISI and Scopus by making use of citation analysis for the references of the papers. The research population includes 1728 papers and 46448 references published by the faculties of the University in ISI and Scopus and the journal collection in its central library. The bibliometric method is applied to do the study. Needed data were extracted from ISI and SCOPUS during 1990 to 2007. The non-parametric binominal test indicates that 43% of information needs of the faculty members of the university have been provided by the journals available within acquisitions of the university central library; hence 50% of journal acquisitions in the central library have found to be matched with the information needs of faculty members. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
318 - A study on the web usage rate (with an approach to the invisible web) based on Max Weber's ideal type model
Adel Soleimani Nejad Mozhdeh Salajegheh Ameneh SoleimaniPurpose: The main purpose of present study is to figure out the web usage rate among members of Science Faculty of Kerman Bahonar University with an emphasis on the invisible web. Methodology: Present study is a survey kind in fact and full-time faculty members of the MorePurpose: The main purpose of present study is to figure out the web usage rate among members of Science Faculty of Kerman Bahonar University with an emphasis on the invisible web. Methodology: Present study is a survey kind in fact and full-time faculty members of the Faculty of Science of Bahonar University consists the statistical population. For collecting the data, we used a researcher-made questionnaire including 48 questions which its reliability and validity have been evaluated; and from 40 distributed questionnaires, 37 ones were completed and returned back to us. The data were analyzed using SPSS software and the desirable descriptive tests. Findings: The main goal of information research by the faculty members are research and educational purposes and also upgrading their knowledge based on their expertise area. The most usage of them in visible web based on search engines and most usage in invisible web linked to the databases available. The Google search engine and sharing databases especially ScienceDirect were the most widely used tool to meet the information needs of our statistical population. Their search method on the internet is advanced search and they insist on using the operators while searching. Conclusion: The members are using both sectors of the web to achieve the scientific information they need. 62.2% of them use visible web regularly but only 8% of the statistic population have a regular usage of invisible web and this came from the incompetence with invisible web and also lack of necessary training required. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
319 - The feasibility of implementing knowledge management in Kermanshah academic libraries accordingto bukowitz & and William’s model
fariba jalili ali akbar Famil RouhaniGoal: The purpose of this research isevaluating the feasibility of implementation of knowledge management in the collegiate libraries of Kermanshah city on the basis of Bukowitz and William’s model. Methodology:This research is a descriptive survey study and stat MoreGoal: The purpose of this research isevaluating the feasibility of implementation of knowledge management in the collegiate libraries of Kermanshah city on the basis of Bukowitz and William’s model. Methodology:This research is a descriptive survey study and statistical population of research was a group of 76 librarians that were employed in the collegiate libraries of Kermanshah city and formed the whole population. The tool which used for data collecting was a questionnaire whose validity measure by Cronbach’s alpha as 0.96. In order to analyze data obtained from survey, indices of frequency, mean percentage, and standard deviation in the form of table were used as descriptive statistics, andone-sample t-test was used as inferential statistics. Results: According to surveys that conducted and results of this research showed that the highest average obtained for variables of “acquiring knowledge” (3.10) and “adopting knowledge” (3.03), and other variables record averages obtained averages lower than the average of population. Conclusion: Results of research showed that components of Bukowitz and William’smodelin the collegiate libraries of Kermanshah city are not in a desired situation and need planning and paying more attention, especially in the field of sharing and creating of knowledge. Implementing of these plans will leads in better service providing and consequently, facilitating of learning, education and research. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
320 - Cost- benefit analysis of information resources of Islamic Azad University- Kermanshah Branch
Saeid Ghaffari Sepide Sedighi farPurpose: The basic purpose of this study is analyzing the cost - benefit information resources of Central Library of Kermanshah Azad University on the year 1388. Research method: Current study has been done through a survey with analytical approach. The target society MorePurpose: The basic purpose of this study is analyzing the cost - benefit information resources of Central Library of Kermanshah Azad University on the year 1388. Research method: Current study has been done through a survey with analytical approach. The target society in this study included seven sources of information (Internet, on line information databases, CD Rom information databases, electronic journals, multimedia features, printed books and printed periodicals) exist in the library. In order to collect data, the researcher made a questionnaire with Likert range and distributed between 71 faculty members , staffs and graduate students. For analyzing data, the descriptive and inferential statistics were used by using SPSS software. In order to analyze the research questions and hypotheses, one sample T-test, ANOVA (F Fisher) and Pearson correlation coefficient were used. Findings: The research results with 95 percent of confidence showed that the available resources in the mentioned library are greatly beneficial to users and their information needs have been resolved. Between the seven mentioned information sources, the most use has been carried out of printed books and the Internet and the most application of existing resources is for publishing scientific articles. Among the potential users community of information resources (8700 people) , based on any person of the users community use library on the year 1388 , The Internet with 2.4 persons had the most use and multimedia with 0.38 person had the lowest use. Also, the survey results revealed that the Internet with 8032 Rials had the most cost - benefit and printed books with 96,386 Rials had the lowest cost - benefit . Conclusion: Finally with 95 percent of confidence have revealed between information resources cost and beneficial aspect of these resources in 1388 is a significant relation and with regard to the correlation coefficient value (0.924) can be concluded this type of relationship is direct and positive. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
321 - The relationship between organizational culture and librarians' creativity at public and university libraries in the Kermanshah
sara moradi Mozafar Cheshmeh-Sohra Mahmoud MoradiPurpose: It aims to examine the relationship between organizational culture and creativity of librarians in public and university libraries in Kermanshah. Methodology: For measuring each variables of the research, it posed two questions. The population of this study co MorePurpose: It aims to examine the relationship between organizational culture and creativity of librarians in public and university libraries in Kermanshah. Methodology: For measuring each variables of the research, it posed two questions. The population of this study consisted of 131 public and university librarians in Kermanshah. According to Krejcie Morgan's table, 98 people were selected as the sample size. Findings: Organizational culture of public and university libraries in the Kermanshah is more than average level. There is a significant relationship between two aspects of organizational culture (Adaptability and Consistency) and creativity of librarians. But, there is no significant relationship between two other aspects of organizational culture (Involvement and Mission) and creativity of librarians. Conclusion: The organizational culture as a facilitator and motivator has a direct relation with creativity of librarians. It is concluded that there is a significant relationship between organizational culture and the librarians' creativity. As a result, organizational culture can lead to creativity in people. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
322 - An analysis of the codicological & bibliography Information of the Manuscripts Available in the document center & Central Library of ShahidBahonar University of Kerman
Jelveh Moghimizade mojdeh salajegheh Mahmood ModaberiPurpose: This research Studies the Manuscripts Available in terms of their codicological& bibliography. The codicological features: script, date and place of transcription, type of cover and ornamentation, also bibliography Information: language, types of manuscript MorePurpose: This research Studies the Manuscripts Available in terms of their codicological& bibliography. The codicological features: script, date and place of transcription, type of cover and ornamentation, also bibliography Information: language, types of manuscripts,subject and Similar Titles. Design/Methodology/Approach: The research is descriptive with Content analysis type, research population, the number of 639 manuscripts in the document center of Shahidbahonar University of Kerman Findings: There are 1012 treatise in 639 volumes of manuscripts that 121 collection (%18.93),The more manuscripts (%60.4) in Arabic. Religious Sciences with 54 percent, the highest share was allocated to the subject. A majority of the manuscripts(26%) are related to the 13thHijri.. The transcription place of most (%87) of these manuscripts is in Iran territory. The most commonly used type of script (%44) is Naskh. The most popular type of cover(%43)used for these manuscripts is Leather binding and the most infrequent type is laqured binding.. Conclusion: The oldest manuscript belongs to the 9thHijri century. The most commonly of script is Naskh&the most of cover used is Leather bindingThereligious jurisprudence is the highest share subject.. The highest Similar Titles is "Favaedolziaeie" alsothere are 22 valuable manuscript in the research population. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
323 - The information literacy skills status of elementary teachers: A case study
Fereiddon Yazdani Seyedeh Mojgan MousaviPurpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the information literacy skills status of elementary teachers in Kermanshah city, third region, Iran. Methodology: The method of research was descriptive (survey) and statistical population of it included all elementary MorePurpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the information literacy skills status of elementary teachers in Kermanshah city, third region, Iran. Methodology: The method of research was descriptive (survey) and statistical population of it included all elementary teachers of Kermanshah city, in third region. The total number of those was 4695 people. For sampling of subjects, a cluster sampling method was used. On the basis of this method, the 150 subjects were selected. For gathering of dada, "the questionnaire of information literacy" of Yazdani (2012) was used. This questionnaire has made based on the Likert scale and in the five ranks. The component of scale (questionnaire) included 5 standard competency of ACRL. The questionnaire makes up from 30 items in the form of self-report statements. For data analysis, we used descriptive and inferential statistics. Findings: The skills of teachers’ information literacy of Kermanshah was not desirable. In examining of individual components of teachers' information literacy, appeared that the literacy of teachers in components of evaluation and communication of information is low; and in components of searching and organizing of information is not appropriate; and finally in component of defining of informational needs, the skills of the teachers’ information literacy is good. Conclusion: There is a gap between teachers’ information literacy status quo and desirable situation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
324 - افیولیت ملانژهای شرق کرمانشاه (جنوبغرب بیستون)، غرب ایران
سیدحمید وزیری آتسوشی ماتسوکا -
Open Access Article
325 - بررسی پارامتر چشمه زمینلرزههای آذرماه 1392 در گستره کرمانشاه
امین رشیدی سیده نگین معینی محمدرضا قیطانچی -
Open Access Article
326 - Identifying the dimensions and components of resilience from the perspective of managers of governmental organizations in Kermanshah province
mokhtar hedari Gholamali tabarsa Gholamali tabarsaThe term resilience in order to strengthen organizations has attracted the attention of many researchers. Organizational resilience to crises has been one of the most important theoretical and practical concepts in the management and organizational literature in recent MoreThe term resilience in order to strengthen organizations has attracted the attention of many researchers. Organizational resilience to crises has been one of the most important theoretical and practical concepts in the management and organizational literature in recent years. Today, despite the importance of resilience and its widespread use in various fields related to organizational resilience, there is a limited theoretical and practical understanding in its evaluation and measurement. The purpose of this study is to identify the dimensions and components of organizational resilience. The research method is qualitative-quantitative. This research is applied-developmental in terms of purpose and descriptive-survey in terms of data collection. The statistical population of the study includes government managers who have at least 10 years of experience. In order to sample in the qualitative part of the theoretical saturation method and in the quantitative part based on the number of extracted components, the number of samples was determined. The results indicate that resilience in government organizations of Kermanshah province includes components; Values are planning, organizing, coordinating, learning, agility and cost control. In the quantitative part, the results of structural equations showed that the dimensions and components of resilience in organizational government organizations have a good fit. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
327 - Identifying and ranking the challenges of improving the effectiveness of sports teaching methods in schools of Kermanshah province and providing a desirable pattern
ayob ameri razieye dastgheyb سمیه نادری شهاب بهرامیThe purpose of this study was to identify and rank the strategies for improving the effectiveness of Sports teaching methods in Kermanshah schools and providing a desirable pattern. The present research is in terms of purpose is Practical, and In terms of data collectio MoreThe purpose of this study was to identify and rank the strategies for improving the effectiveness of Sports teaching methods in Kermanshah schools and providing a desirable pattern. The present research is in terms of purpose is Practical, and In terms of data collection method is Descriptive-survey. In the first part (qualitative) for conducting field interviews, the statistical community of the study was the outstanding professors of the field of sport management specializing in the field of sport schools as well as elite sports teachers who were selected purposefully for qualitative interviews on the subject of research (13 interviews With 13 people and continued to theoretical saturation). In the second part (quantitatively), after collecting the information from the qualitative research, a questionnaire was developed and the questionnaire (22 items in the form of three educational strategies, individual strategy and organizational strategy) was distributed among the sport teachers of Kermanshah province. elongation and skidding indices In order to investigate the distribution of data (natural or abnormal), to investigate and answer research questions, designing a model for measuring and structural modeling of SPSS software version 24, Smart PLS 2.0 and software Max QDA Pro version were used. Given the T-Value values (greater than 2.58), it was found that at the 0.99 level, showed that each of the educational, individual and organizational strategies is one of the strategies for improving the effectiveness of the teaching method in the schools of Kermanshah province. It was also determined that educational, individual and organizational solutions, respectively, are one of the most important strategies for improving the effectiveness of teaching methods in Kermanshah schools. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
328 - Identifying the factors of law evasion in the sports and youth department of Kerman province
sajad shamsinia mohammad pourranjbarThis research was conducted with the aim of identifying the factors affecting lawlessness in sports and youth departments of Kerman province. The research approach is qualitative. The participants in this research included elites in the field of organizational behavior MoreThis research was conducted with the aim of identifying the factors affecting lawlessness in sports and youth departments of Kerman province. The research approach is qualitative. The participants in this research included elites in the field of organizational behavior in sports. The selected sample is done by the theoretical method and its judgment type. In this research, based on the four criteria proposed by Goba and Lincoln, validity, confirmability, reliability and transferability were considered in order to increase the quality of the research. Retest reliability method was used to measure reliability, which refers to the consistency of data classification over time. The intra-subject agreement is equal to 0.87 which is suitable. Based on the findings of the interview, the factors affecting law evasion in sports and youth departments of Kerman province include inefficient structure, inefficient management, regulatory laws, individual and social norms. The category of inefficient structure includes the components of inappropriate organizational culture, inappropriate organizational structure, lack of stability, lack of meritocracy. The category of ineffective management includes the weakness of creativity and innovation, injustice and inequality, unreasonable management style; The category of regulatory laws includes weak laws and regulations, weak monitoring and inspection; The category of individual and social norms includes individual spirituality, tendency to individualism, individual values, media characteristics, and cultural and social values. Therefore, in order to reduce lawlessness, these components should be carefully examined and controlled. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
329 - ارتباط بین تعهد سازمانی و موفقیت سازمانی در هیئتهای ورزشی استان کرمان
احمد ترک فر -
Open Access Article
330 - The Concept of Nazarbāzi in the Poetry of Khwaju Kermani and Shah Nimatullah Wali
Mohammad Sanjarinezhād Abolqāsem Rādfar Hamid TabasiNazarbāzi is one of the most frequent themes in Persian romantic and mystical literature, which is reflected in the works of many great Persian writers. According to some mystics, nazarbāzi refers to a kind of mystical experience in which the mystic reaches a state wher MoreNazarbāzi is one of the most frequent themes in Persian romantic and mystical literature, which is reflected in the works of many great Persian writers. According to some mystics, nazarbāzi refers to a kind of mystical experience in which the mystic reaches a state where he looks at everything, sees God and His manifestations and loves them. Among these mystics are Khwaju Kermani and Shah Nimatullah Wali that in their poems, nazarbāzi can be divided into spiritual and worldly. The purpose of this study is to compare and explain the similarities and differences between the concept of nazarbāziin the poems of these two mystics. The research is done by using descriptive-analytical method. The results of the research show that Shah Nematullah Wali, by watching beautiful faces, looks at the image of God's beauty and his opinion does not refer to physical beauty. But according to Khwaju Kermani, the reason for man to enjoy the blessing of sight is to look at his beloved, and for this reason, most of his poems, related to nazarbāzi, are addressed to the earthly beloved. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
331 - Var Rituals in the Southern Region of Kerman; An Anthropological, Mythological and Religious Analysis
yosof faryabi Masoumeh barsamVar (trial by ordeal) was a form of divine judgement carried out by Zoroastrian judges to ascertain personal truthfulness. This ritual was not exclusive to Iranians; it was prevalent in Europe until the middle centuries. In the mythological and religious culture of the MoreVar (trial by ordeal) was a form of divine judgement carried out by Zoroastrian judges to ascertain personal truthfulness. This ritual was not exclusive to Iranians; it was prevalent in Europe until the middle centuries. In the mythological and religious culture of the southern region of Kerman, the var ritual has been practiced in various ways throughout history. These include loqmeh-nevisi (eating consecrated morsels by the accused), takhteh-nevisi (writing the accused's name on a board), kāseh-ghardoon (identifying the culprit with a bowl of water), and qesme-chār (passing the accused through fire), among others, all aimed at proving personal truthfulness. The purpose of this study is to examine the role and implementation of Var rituals in this specific region. The research method is descriptive-analytical and involves collecting documentary information and conducting interviews with local inhabitants. The findings of the research indicate that the origins of Var rituals can be traced back to religious and mythological epic texts such as Shāhnāmeh and Avesta. Similar to other rituals, Var has undergone changes and transformations over time. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
332 - Some Mythical Elements in Homāy o Homāyun
Monā Ahmadi Ahmad KhātamiKhajuye Kermani is one of the most prominent poets of Persian literature whose beautiful tone and his delightful words have a great deal of attraction. One of his charming books is Homāy o Homāyun that in its composing, the poet follows the style of Nizami Ganjavi. Duri MoreKhajuye Kermani is one of the most prominent poets of Persian literature whose beautiful tone and his delightful words have a great deal of attraction. One of his charming books is Homāy o Homāyun that in its composing, the poet follows the style of Nizami Ganjavi. During composing any romantic story, Khajuye Kermani refers to myths, as the cultural backbone of a nation, and in this way, takes an effective step in preserving Iranian culture and civilization. By using the analytic-comparative method, in the present article, the attempt is made to compare some mythological points in Homāy o Homāyun with the myths of Mesopotamia, India, China and Greece. Thus, it becomes clear which myths have been mostly used by Khajuye Kermani. The results of the research show that among the lyrical poets, Khajuye Kermani, after Nizami Ganjavi, gets the most use from myths, especially in Homāy o Homāyun. Also, among the various types of myths, myths related to supernatural forces and creatures, mythical rituals, mythical places, cosmic creation and diabolical creation are most commonly used. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
333 - A study on dust event over Kermanshah station and its relation to jet stream, March 27, 2003
N. Seyedzadeh Agdam P. S. Katirai A. Ranjbar Saadat AbadiThis study was on dust in Kermanshah synoptic station in March 27, 2003. Mean daily 500hpa geopotential height, mean sea level and 250hpa wind field maps analysis showed a middle atmospheric trough over Black Sea and the north of the Mediterranean Sea which is consisten MoreThis study was on dust in Kermanshah synoptic station in March 27, 2003. Mean daily 500hpa geopotential height, mean sea level and 250hpa wind field maps analysis showed a middle atmospheric trough over Black Sea and the north of the Mediterranean Sea which is consistent with a middle atmospheric low pressure over Iraq, east of Turkey and north of Saudi Arabia. In addition, the divergence of subtropical jet stream in 200hpa level and polar front jet stream in 250hpa level is the most important reason for convergence and induced upward motions over deserts in Iraq, Syria and Jordan, between 35-50 ° longitudes and 30-35 ° latitudes. The intensity of dust was related to the vertical angle between the center of the surface low pressure and 500hpa level low geopotential height. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
334 - تحلیل توزیع فضایی ومکان یابی بهینه مراکزدرمانی بااستفاده ازGIS نمونه موردی: شهرکرمانشاه
اکبر پرهیزکار رحمت اله فرهودی هدی یوسفی -
Open Access Article
335 - Exploring the Influence of Organizational Culture Components on Change Management at Mellat Bank Branches in Kermanshah Township
Nader Naderi pouya nazari samira akbariExploring the Influence of Organizational Culture Components on Change Management at Mellat Bank Branches in Kermanshah Township The present study was carried out to exploring the influence of organizational culture components on change management at Mellat Bank Branch MoreExploring the Influence of Organizational Culture Components on Change Management at Mellat Bank Branches in Kermanshah Township The present study was carried out to exploring the influence of organizational culture components on change management at Mellat Bank Branches in Kermanshah Township. The statistical population of this research was consisted of all personnal in Mellat Bank Branches in Kermanshah Township (N=171). Using Krejci and Morgan (1970) sampling table, 118 of them were selected as the sample using the proportionate stratified sampling method (n=118). The main instrument in this study was questionnaire which its validity was confirmed by the panel of experts and construct validity and its reliability was confirmed by Cronbach's Alpha coefficient and composite reliability. Data were analyzed by SPSSWin23 and SmartPLS3 softwares in two parts of descriptive and inferential statistics. The findings indicated that the current status of change management among personnel of Mellat Bank Branches in Kermanshah Township was above the moderate level. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
336 - The relationship between the components of servant leadership and quality of working life with the mediating role of social capital
Mahdi Hosseinpour Mohammad PourdadThe aim of this study was to explain the relationship between the components of servant leadership and quality of working life with the mediating role of social capital among Kermanshah municipality employees. The present study was conducted by mixed (quantitative and q MoreThe aim of this study was to explain the relationship between the components of servant leadership and quality of working life with the mediating role of social capital among Kermanshah municipality employees. The present study was conducted by mixed (quantitative and qualitative) methods. In quantitative part, the questionnaire tools and in the qualitative part, Delphi technique (interview with experts) was used. Using a descriptive- correlation research method, 286 employees were randomly selected to this study using the volume-appropriate stratified sampling method. To collect the research data, two standard questionnaires of Loeb’s servant leadership & Walton's work quality of life and a researcher-made social capital by a good and appropriate validity and reliability have been used . The data analysis method is Pearson correlation using Spss25 software and structural equations with LISREL software. The results show that the components of servant leadership have a positive and significant relationship with quality of working life and social capital. Social capital has a positive and significant relationship with the quality of working life. Servant leadership has a positive and significant relationship with the mediating role of social capital with the quality of working life. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
337 - The Impact of Servant Leadership on Customer-Oriented Employee Behavior with Emphasis on Social Responsibility Mediator ( case study: Kermanshah city Mellat Bank staff)
Maryam Fakhri Mahdi HosseinpourToday,organization are the main Pillar of todays Siciety and two very important and vital factors are: Factor in the life, growth or death of the organization, and the human beings who are the main drivers of any organization.There fore in the organization, one of the v MoreToday,organization are the main Pillar of todays Siciety and two very important and vital factors are: Factor in the life, growth or death of the organization, and the human beings who are the main drivers of any organization.There fore in the organization, one of the vital pillars is leadership,without; leadership,the connection between individual and organizational goals may beweakend.The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between customer service leader and employee-oriented behavior with emphasis on mediating social responsibility (Kermanshah-based Mellat Bank). This research is applied in terms of purpose and in terms of nature of data collection, it is descriptive-correlational. The statistical population of the study consists of employees working in Mellat Bank branches in Kermanshah. The sample size of the study was 156 people who were selected by simple random sampling. Questionnaire was used to collect data. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by face validity and its reliability by Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Structural equation modeling was performed using LISREL software for data analysis. The results of this study showed that servant leadership is effective on social responsibility and customer behavior of the discipline as well as social responsibility is effective on the discipline customer behavior. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
338 - بررسی عوامل مؤثّر بر گرایش به مصرف مواد مخدر صنعتی در بین دانشجویان پسر دانشکده علوم انسانی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد کرمان در نیم سال 94
kamal javanmard -
Open Access Article
339 - بررسی علل اجتماعی، فرهنگی و اقتصادی مؤثّر بر پدیده خشونت علیه زنان در خانواده(همسر آزاری) در شهر کرمان در نیم سال اول 1394
kamal javanmard -
Open Access Article
340 - Ethnicity, religion and participation forms among Shia and Sunni kordish followers in Kermanshah cit
fariba mowghofehi alireza mohsenitabriziThe present article investigated the ethnicity, religion and participation forms among Shia and Sunni Kurdish followers of Kermanshah city in 2017. Through survey research method and according to the statistical rules for determining the sample group, 384 Shia and Sunni MoreThe present article investigated the ethnicity, religion and participation forms among Shia and Sunni Kurdish followers of Kermanshah city in 2017. Through survey research method and according to the statistical rules for determining the sample group, 384 Shia and Sunni Kurdish religious people were chosen in stratified ratio sampling way as the sample case of study. The data was collected through researcher-made questionnaire consisting of items with 5 Likert scales which had 0.95 approval reliability and accepted contents validity. The Lerner, Eisen and Fieshbine-Homans and also Moseni Tabrizi teories were applied to codify research`s theoretical framework for the variables. The obtained results revealed that the status of participation forms among Kurdish people in Kermanshah was 5.62 percent. The results of independent t-test also proved that Shia Kurdish followers had higher levels of psychological, cultural and political participation. But, Sunni religious followers, in contrast to Shia followers, had upper level of economical and social participation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
341 - Presenting a Model of the Factors Affecting the Non-fulfillment of Organizational Commitments of School Principals in Kerman Province
amin mahmoudabadi ali yaghoubipoor mohammad montazeriOrganizational commitment is a continual process by which administrative staff believe in the values and goals of their organization and strive for them. Sometimes, they do not fulfill their commitment and as a result, underachievement, absenteeism, and irresponsibility MoreOrganizational commitment is a continual process by which administrative staff believe in the values and goals of their organization and strive for them. Sometimes, they do not fulfill their commitment and as a result, underachievement, absenteeism, and irresponsibility would arise. The aim of the present study is to offer a model for factors affecting non-fulfillment of organizational commitments among school principals of Kerman Province. This study was applied in purpose and mixed in method. The population in the qualitative part was education experts of Kerman province with management and policy-making experience 20 of whom were selected by purposeful sampling to reach theoretical saturation. In the quantitative part, 153 out of 256 principals and vice-principals of the first and second secondary schools of Kerman province in the academic year of 2021-2022 were recruited following Cochran's formula, using multi-stage cluster sampling. A semi-structured interview and a researcher-made questionnaire were used to collect data. The validity of the questionnaire was estimated 0.61 using the average variance extracted, and its reliability was 0.95 and 0.86 using Cronbach's alpha and composite methods, respectively. Data were analyzed with open, axial and selective coding and structural equation modeling in SPSS-26 and PLS 3. Results showed that all the components of non-fulfilment of organizational commitments were identified and confirmed Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
342 - Effect of humic acid application on agronomic characteristics of some varieties of clover (Trifolium sp.)
علی تدین مجتبی ظفریانIn order to evaluate the effect of humic acid application on agronomic characteristics of some varieties of clover (Trifolium sp.), a field experiment was conducted as factorial based on randomized complete block design with three replicates at Research Field of Faculty MoreIn order to evaluate the effect of humic acid application on agronomic characteristics of some varieties of clover (Trifolium sp.), a field experiment was conducted as factorial based on randomized complete block design with three replicates at Research Field of Faculty of Agriculture, Shahr-e-Kord University, Shahr-e-Kord, Iran in 2013. Three varieties of clover (Bersim, Haftchin (Persian) and Kermanshahi) were considered as the first factor and three levels of humic acid applications [control (without humic acid), 5 and 10 lha-1] as the second factors. Results showed that shoot dry weight, dry weight per plant, root and shoot dry weight per plant, plant height, number of leaves and stem diameter were affected by interaction effect of variety×humic acid. First and Second time of harvest had 57% and 43% of the most values of treatments, respectively. Haftchin and Kermanshahi varieties had the highest and Bersim had the lowest values of the treatments. Humic acid with 10 l ha-1 produced the highest values of measured treatments. In general, application of 10 liter humic acid per ha produced the highest values of shoot dry weight by 3410 and 3800 kg ha-1 in Kermanshahi and Haftchin varieties, respectively. Bersim produced the lowest value of shoot dry weight by 686 kg ha-1. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
343 - مطالعه ریخت شناسی ماهی سفید رودخانه ای L ., 1758)) Squalis cephalus سد شهدای سنقر استان کرمانشاه
مجتبی پوریا عیسی بهرامی زاده فتحعلی نوری کیومرت شهبازی -
Open Access Article
344 - بررسی تأثیر تاریخ کاشت و تراکم بوته بر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد در رقم نخود آبی. آزاد در کرمان، ایران
H. Sepanji Babaki H. Heydary sharifabad M.H. Shirzadiبه منظور تعیین تأثیر تاریخ کاشت و تراکم بوته بر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد نخود معمولی آبی رقم آزاد در شهرستان کرمان، این آزمایش در سال 91-1390 در مزرعه تحقیقاتی کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی کرمان انجام شد. سه تاریخ کاشت (15 فوریه، 27 دسامبر، 6 ژانویه) و 3 تراکم بوته (22، 33، 66 (ب Moreبه منظور تعیین تأثیر تاریخ کاشت و تراکم بوته بر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد نخود معمولی آبی رقم آزاد در شهرستان کرمان، این آزمایش در سال 91-1390 در مزرعه تحقیقاتی کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی کرمان انجام شد. سه تاریخ کاشت (15 فوریه، 27 دسامبر، 6 ژانویه) و 3 تراکم بوته (22، 33، 66 (بوته در متر مربع)) به عنوان کرت های فاکتوریل، با استفاده از RCBD مورد مطالعه قرار گرفتند. نتایج نشان می دهد که تاخیر در تاریخ کاشت باعث کاهش معنی دار تعداد غلاف در بوته، تعداد دانه در غلاف و عملکرد دانه شد. افزایش تراکم بوته باعث کاهش تعداد غلاف در بوته، تعداد دانه در غلاف و افزایش معنیدار عملکرد دانه شد. بیشترین عملکرد (6/2785 کیلوگرم در هکتار) در تاریخ کاشت اول و 66 بوته در متر مربع برداشت شد. به نظر می رسد تاخیر در کاشت باعث کاهش دوره رشد و در نتیجه کاهش مواد ذخیره شده در گیاه نخود و از طرفی همزمان با فاز زایشی با گرمای فصل بهار شد که باعث کاهش کوددهی گل و در نتیجه افزایش توخالی غلاف و کاهش عملکرد دانه شد. افزایش تراکم بوته باعث کاهش اجزای عملکرد و افزایش عملکرد دانه به دلیل تعداد بوته در متر مربع شد. افزایش عملکرد دانه به دلیل افزایش تراکم بوته محدود است، زیرا افزایش تراکم بوته بیش از 66 (بوته در متر مربع) رقابت درونی و بیرونی بوته را افزایش می دهد که منجر به عملکرد کمتر می شود. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
345 - کمبود روی در گله گوسفند مبتلا در کرمان_ایران، مطالعه آسیبشناسی بالینی به همراه مروری بر مطالعات صورت گرفته
امید محمدپور شهرزاد عزیزی امیر امنیت طلب زانیار پیرکانیکمبود اولیه روی در نشخوارکنندگان شایع نیست، اما وقوع آن در گزارش ها ثبت شده است. علائم آلوپسی، شوره، ناباروری، تاخیر رشد، ضعف، بی اشتهایی، خارش، پنومونی، التهاب ملتحمه، افزایش ریسک ابتلا به عفونت در 4 راس گوسفند که مشکوک به کمبود روی بودند از بهمن ماه سال 1400 لغایت خرد Moreکمبود اولیه روی در نشخوارکنندگان شایع نیست، اما وقوع آن در گزارش ها ثبت شده است. علائم آلوپسی، شوره، ناباروری، تاخیر رشد، ضعف، بی اشتهایی، خارش، پنومونی، التهاب ملتحمه، افزایش ریسک ابتلا به عفونت در 4 راس گوسفند که مشکوک به کمبود روی بودند از بهمن ماه سال 1400 لغایت خرداد سال 1401 مورد مطالعه قرار گرفت. ضربان قلب، تعداد تنفس و دمای بدن ثبت گردید و آزمایش خون شامل PCV، شمارش تفریقی گلبول­های سفید و گلبول­های قرمز اندازه­گیری شد. نتایج هماتولوژی در گوسفندان مبتلا افزایش معنی داری در گلبول های سفید را نشان داد. همچنین نمونه های بافتی حاصل از بایوپپسی پوست گوسفندان مبتلا، به روش هماتوکسیلین و ائوزین تهیه گردید و از نظر آسیب شناسی، پاراکراتوزیس به همراه شاخی شدن اپیتلیوم سنگفرشی مشاهده گردید که تایید کننده کمبود روی می­باشد. استراتژی درمانی شامل قرص خوراکی سولفات روی با دوز 250 میلی گرم در روز به مدت 4 هفته و استفاده از آجرهای معدنی برای ادامه روند درمان بود. متعاقب 10 هفته، علائم بهبود ظاهر شد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
346 - Preparation and Characterization of Porous Titanium Scaffold Coated with Akermanite
Masoud Arastooei Ali DoostmohammadiThis work aimed at manufacturing and characterizing of titanium scaffolds which is coated with Akermanite for using in bone tissue engineering. In order to creating titanium scaffolds, the primary titanium powder was prepared with spacer particle elements (sodium chlori MoreThis work aimed at manufacturing and characterizing of titanium scaffolds which is coated with Akermanite for using in bone tissue engineering. In order to creating titanium scaffolds, the primary titanium powder was prepared with spacer particle elements (sodium chloride). Akermanite coating was prepared through sol-gel method and applied on the scaffold. The prepared structure was evaluated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Coated scaffolds were evaluated after heat treatment by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). In terms of assessing the bioactivity of titanium scaffolds, the samples were immersed in simulated body fluid (SBF). Scanning electron microscopy images of the uncoated and coated titanium scaffolds was prepared after 3,7,14 and 21 days immersing in simulated body fluid (SBF); X-Ray Diffraction analysis (XRD) confirmed the peaks of Akermanite phase in coated samples. According to the results, our study showed that coating of Akermanite on Ti scaffold can increase the bioactivity of titanium scaffolds. The final conclusion of this study confirmed that titanium scaffolds coating with Akermanite will be a suitable and useful choice in bone tissue engineering. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
347 - The Study of Fishes in Gamasiab River of the Kermanshah Province and the Effect of Pollution on Their Dispersion
شهره امینی سحر بیوکانی جعفر سرخوشIn this survay that was conducted from July 1388 in 6 months, to identify fish species composition and their abundance in Gamasiab river of the Kermanshah Province and study of effect of industrial pollutions on dispersion of species, monthly sampling had been done on t MoreIn this survay that was conducted from July 1388 in 6 months, to identify fish species composition and their abundance in Gamasiab river of the Kermanshah Province and study of effect of industrial pollutions on dispersion of species, monthly sampling had been done on the fishes by cast net in 3 stations. Studied stations were determined from up to down of the river, respectively: station 1 was in upside of the river nearness Samangan-e-sofla village, station 2 in Chehr bridge region and station 3 was in Sorkheh-deh region. In this project, to catch the samples only used from cast net with 1.5 cm meshes. According to the results of studying on the 486 fish speciments, 25 species of 5 families were identified: Minnows (Cyprinidae), River Loaches (Balitoridae), Catfishes (Sisoridae), Catfishes (Bagridae) and Spiny eels (Mastacembelidae) which had 20, 2, 1, 1 and 1 species in the studied region, respectively. Among identified families, Cyprinidae were the dominant fishes in whole of region and after that were Balitoridae. Also the results showed that the minimum caught species were in station 2 or near the source of polluting of the river and the maximum species found in station 3 or far from the source of pollution. In the other hand, industrial pollution and the waste of factories were effected on the dispersion of fishes and due to decrease the diversity of them and distance of the pollution due to increase the diversity of fishes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
348 - Studying the Argumentation in the Prose Works of Khajoo-e Kermani
Sadiga setodeh niya Karani Enayatollah Sharifpour Saeed Pour AminaeeArgumentation is one of the literary genres whose birthplace is eastern world and its background is Iran before Islamic era. It has revealed itself in all the periods of Persian literary styles. The more it set step in the next era, the more complete its elements and co MoreArgumentation is one of the literary genres whose birthplace is eastern world and its background is Iran before Islamic era. It has revealed itself in all the periods of Persian literary styles. The more it set step in the next era, the more complete its elements and components became perfect. Khajoo-e Kermani has specified his written works to the literary ones. In this article, his argumentations and letters have been studied and analyzed and their structural and thematical characteristics have been explained. Each of his four prose letters is debate between the main two characters which have been personified in the letter contexts. Therefore, argumentation and distinction are of the major characteristic style in Khajoo’s prose works which appear in his content, theme and speculations. Through familiarity with them one can be familiar with his tenets and ideas in cultural, philosophical and social matters of community at that time. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
349 - Intertextuality of the Qur'anic Verses in the Transcription of "Gholshan" from Mohammad Rahim Kermani
Seyyed Ya'ghoob Hosseini Maryam MahmoodiAbstract In fact, the intertextual relationship, studies the bonds of one text with the other past or present texts. Julia Christova was the originator of intertextuality. Later on Gerard Janet developed this idea and divided MoreAbstract In fact, the intertextual relationship, studies the bonds of one text with the other past or present texts. Julia Christova was the originator of intertextuality. Later on Gerard Janet developed this idea and divided it to its subdivisions. Today, the intertextual technique is one of the most outstanding characteristics of poetical and textual structure. In this case, The Holy Qur'an as an ethereal source, is of the most significant sources which has inspired most of the writers and poets in the Islamic world. Mohammad Rahim Kermani, the writer of the ethical book " Gholshan ", and of the imitators of the Gulestan of Sa'di, has also utilized the intertextual technique. We have tried, in this article, by using the intertextuality and by employing analytical – descriptive method to investigate these impacts on the text of this book. The aim of this article is to reveal the approach and intertextual relations to highlight the didactic and ethic teachings of the Holy Qur'an. The attention of the author of the Gholshan to the Qur'an and utilizing it in numerous methods shows his presence of mind, the vastness of his knowledge, and indicates his commitment to religion. Mohammad Rahim Kermani, by using the Qur'an in his words has revealed the literary aesthetics elements in its best form. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
350 - The Common Concepts in Raji Kermani's Hamle-ye Heydari and Hafez Shirazi's Divan, with an Emphasis on the Saghi Nameh
Zahra Faraj Nezhad FarhangAbstract Saghi Nameh ( Cup bearer poetry ) is one of the most delightful lyrical poems that are known as known as khomriyeh Sorayi in Arabic literature and has a long history among the nations. This literary genre has entered the Persian poetry and has been combined in MoreAbstract Saghi Nameh ( Cup bearer poetry ) is one of the most delightful lyrical poems that are known as known as khomriyeh Sorayi in Arabic literature and has a long history among the nations. This literary genre has entered the Persian poetry and has been combined in the texts of Iranian poems. Initially, Persian literature theme was pleasure and intoxication of grape wine, but from 6th century A. H. onwards, thanks to the mystical experiences, it obtained mystical meaning. In the classical literature of Iran, this flow started from Rudaki and continued by Manuchehri, As'ad Gorgani, Nezami and other poets and completed by Hafiz. Afterwards, especially in the Safawid period, Saghi Nameh and Moghanni Nameh were manifested in Hafez's records which, apart from providing a description of Saghi ( cup bearer ), Motreb ( musician ), wine, and tavern, was the manifestation of sociopolitical and philosophical aims of the poets. Paying attention to Hafez Shirazi's poetical method and style, in the collected poems entitled Hamleyeh Heydari, Mulla Bemanali Raji Kermani, the religious epic poet of the second half of the 12th century A. H. has included many Saghi Namehs and Moghanni Namehs, ( or Songsters' Epistle ). The results obtained from a survey and analysis of these Saghi Namehs often contain social themes, admonitions, and moral and philosophical notions. Both poets have dealt with a criticism of hypocritical stoics, and have highlighted the concept of " carpe diem " , offered complaints against time, written eulogies of the praiseworthy, and delineated the characteristics and influence of wine and the musical tools and instruments. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
351 - The Impact of Participative Strategic Planning, Strategic Flexibility and Change-Oriented Organizational Citizenship Behavior on Strategy Implementation
Mehdi Ebrahimi Nejad bahram jabarzadeh carbasiBy increasing the level of environmental change, strategic planning and it’s correct and accurate implementation considered by the researchers, as a useful solution for maintaining competitive position and continuing the life of the organization. According to the MoreBy increasing the level of environmental change, strategic planning and it’s correct and accurate implementation considered by the researchers, as a useful solution for maintaining competitive position and continuing the life of the organization. According to the belief of many experts, planning and successful implementation of strategies requires the participation of all levels of the organization so that without their cooperation achieving this goal will face with numerous challenges. On the other hand, strategic flexibility and change-oriented organizational citizenship behavior are among the factors that play a significant role in strategy implementation. Accordingly, the purpose of this paper is to examine the effect of participative strategic planning, change-oriented organizational citizenship behavior, and strategic flexibility on the implementation of strategy in the small and medium sized industries. The research is a survey and the statistic sample is 243 employees and executives working in companies based in Kerman industrial areas and questionnaire was used for data collection. For data analysis, structural equation modeling method and AMOS software were used. Findings indicate that the participative strategic planning has a significant positive impact on strategic flexibility, change-oriented organizational citizenship behavior and strategy implementation. Findings also showed that strategic flexibility and change-oriented organizational citizenship behavior can lead to successful implementation of the strategy Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
352 - Modeling the Development of Organizational Entrepreneurship in Government Organizations (Case study: Social Security Organization)
Moein Soleimani abdolkarim fatahiIn the present study, the phenomenon of intrapreneurship in the Social Security Organization of Kermanshah province has been investigated. The prevailing approach of the research was mixed that in the qualitative part, the systematic approach of the Grounded Theory meth MoreIn the present study, the phenomenon of intrapreneurship in the Social Security Organization of Kermanshah province has been investigated. The prevailing approach of the research was mixed that in the qualitative part, the systematic approach of the Grounded Theory method was used and in the quantitative part, the survey method was used. Sampling method and data collection tool in the purposeful qualitative part of the snowball with a semi-structured interview and in the quantitative part a whole number with a researcher-made questionnaire. Based on the results of the qualitative and quantitative part of the research, the categories and the average ranking of the categories of the phenomenon of intrapreneurship in the Social Security Organization of Kermanshah province are as follows: Causal conditions include human capital prone to self-fulfillment (2.97), the need to develop a forward-looking vision (2.83), the need to improve the financial performance (2.13) and increasing the size of the organization (2.07); Background conditions include dynamic organizational structure (1.43 and intrapreneurship culture (1.57); Facilitating intervening conditions include management support for intrapreneurship behaviors (2.17), supportive leadership style of influencers (2.28) and the existence of appropriate infrastructure and organizational resources (1.55); Restrictive intervening conditions including laws and policies governing government organizations (1/72), organizational conflict (2/07) and organizational control (2/22); Strategies include formulation of support for entrepreneurial behaviors (5/63), improving incentive and reward systems (5/20), planning to balance organizational conflict (5/40), developing a problem-solving system (5/33), improving continuous entrepreneurial characteristics of employees and managers (5/55), improvement of the research and development system (3/63), management of resistance to change (5/67), improvement of organizational communication (4/27) and suitability of performance evaluation planning with entrepreneurial activities (4/02); The results include improving the organization's social capital (1.49) and productivity and achieving the organization's goals (1.51). At the end, operational measures were suggested for the development of intrapreneurship. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
353 - Species diversity and distribution pattern of Alburnus sp. in rivers of Kermanshah Province
Nadali Youssefi Sadati Saber Vatandoust Reza ChangiziThe aim of the species diversity and distribution pattern of Alburnus sp.is to conserve the genetic resources of aquacultures from natural events and human manipulation in summer 2016. This study has done in 30 stations in domestic and cross-border rivers of Kermanshah MoreThe aim of the species diversity and distribution pattern of Alburnus sp.is to conserve the genetic resources of aquacultures from natural events and human manipulation in summer 2016. This study has done in 30 stations in domestic and cross-border rivers of Kermanshah Province. Based on the studied stations, two species of Alburnus caeruleus and Alburnus mossulensis were observed. In the rivers in cross-border the highest diversity of Shannon related to the station of fresh water (3/096) and the lowest degree was observed in Mereh Kheil station (0/606). In Kermanshah, in domestic rivers, the highest diversity of Shannon was in Hosseinabad station (3/682) and the lowest degrees were in Bidsorkh station (0/906) and the domestic rivers of station of fresh water (0/871). The results showed that rivers with good flow and intact ecological conditions have more frequency and density than shallow rivers or the ones destroyed by the humans. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
354 - Clinical evaluation of the prevalence of behavioral abnormalities in Kurd horses in Kermanshah province
Meysam Moravedji Borhan Shahveysi Maryam Rahravani Saeed Hanifeh Zadeh Mohsen Ebrahimi Seyyed Esmaeil Hashemi Ehsan Nazari Nikoo Tahmooresi Sobhan Jafari Bafrouei Mohammad VahidiBackground and purpose: Equines have always been one of the favorite animals of human societies, which are still exploited in various fields. Due to the mechanization of the horse breeding industry, many problems have occurred in them, the most important of which is the MoreBackground and purpose: Equines have always been one of the favorite animals of human societies, which are still exploited in various fields. Due to the mechanization of the horse breeding industry, many problems have occurred in them, the most important of which is the occurrence of behavioral disorders, especially in Kurd horses. Materials and methods: In this study, the effect of demographic factors such as sex, physical activity and age groups on 120 male and female Kurd horses in riding clubs of Kermanshah province was investigated. In this evaluation, 16 types of behavioral disorders were observed in 49 horses (40.8%). Results: The results indicated that the highest amount of behavioral disorders were related to aerophagia (22 cases), crib biting (19 cases), stall walking (12 cases), etc., among which only the significant behavioral disorder was aggressive behavior with anger, which was significant only in horses that lacked physical activity (p<0.05); Meanwhile, no significant statistical relationship was observed between any of the independent and dependent variables (p>0.05). Discussion and conclusion: Despite the high rate of behavioral disorders in Kurd horses (40.8 percent) and due to the non-significance of most behavioral disorders with demographic factors, it was revealed in this study that apart from demographic factors, non-demographic factors such as intestinal microbiota, hormonal disorders, etc. are involved. Therefore, considering the proof of the existence of behavioral disorders, it is recommended to investigate the involvement of non-demographic factors. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
355 - Prevalence of Sarcocysts in cows slaughtered in Kermanshah slaughterhouse
Ali Moghadam saied shahram ShekarforoushSarcocystis infection is one of the most common protozoan infections between humans and animals that is caused by different species of Sarcocystis. The parasite is pathogenic to animals, including cattle and sheep, and also causes gastrointestinal symptoms in humans. Du MoreSarcocystis infection is one of the most common protozoan infections between humans and animals that is caused by different species of Sarcocystis. The parasite is pathogenic to animals, including cattle and sheep, and also causes gastrointestinal symptoms in humans. Due to the health importance of this parasite, in this study, the rate of infection with macroscopic and microscopic sarcocystis cysts in cows slaughtered in Kermanshah slaughterhouse was investigated.In this study, 100 carcasses of cows were randomly selected and samples of esophagus, diaphragm, heart and tongue were prepared and examined. . The samples were examined by direct observation (macroscopic) and compression smear (Impression smear), which are diagnostic methods in animal tissues. The basis for the diagnosis of microscopic cysts was the preparation of pressure spread of the samples and then staining them with Giemsa dye and microscopic observation of parasitic bradyzoites.No macroscopic cysts were observed in the direct observation method. However, in the compression expansion method, 100% of the studied cows were positive for microscopic cysts. There was also a significant difference between the amount of infection in different muscles.All of the studied cows were infected with the parasite Sarcocystis, and the heart was identified as the most infected tissue.The present study shows that the compression propagation method, which is a simple, inexpensive and rapid method, has an acceptable sensitivity for detecting microscopic sarcocystis cysts. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
356 - Investigating and evaluating of effective factors and components of political development in Iran (Case of study: Examining the viewpoint of the influential managers of Kerman province in the period of 1997-2017)
hemmat balochy اژدری azhdari حسنی باقری hassanibakhriThis research was conducted with the aim of investigating and evaluating the effective factors and components on the political development in Iran and seeks to answer to this the question that what factors and components affect the process of political development in Ir MoreThis research was conducted with the aim of investigating and evaluating the effective factors and components on the political development in Iran and seeks to answer to this the question that what factors and components affect the process of political development in Iran? In terms of its nature and purpose, this research was applied research and its research method was descriptive-analytical. The statistical population consisted of managers of Kerman province in the period 1997-2017, which was used to determine the sample size from Krejcie and Morgan's table and stratified random method was used for sampling. In this research, Huntington's model (1965) was used to investigate and evaluate of effective factors and components of political development. Its dimensions included: the rationality of political authority, functional and structural differentiation and the growth of political participation. The findings showed that based on the research model, 3 dimensions and 12 components can be proposed for political development in Iran. Then these dimensions and components were ranked with by Friedman's test that the results showed that among the effective dimensions, the rationality dimension of political authority has the highest rank. Meanwhile, among the effective components, the components of the government's attention to political modernization and the definition of new political functions at the community level have the highest rank. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
357 - Constitution Ages Elites and Articulation of Nationalism Discourse in Iran
Alirrza Azghandi Arash SadeghizeidiPolitical elites have always played an important role in shaping the discourses in society. So that exploration of political institutionalization and expansion of politics’ realm, legitimize the new values and institutions are the most basic role of the elites tha MorePolitical elites have always played an important role in shaping the discourses in society. So that exploration of political institutionalization and expansion of politics’ realm, legitimize the new values and institutions are the most basic role of the elites that explain the principles of public cooperation and coexistence and bestow national-moral character to political explorations. Iranian political elites in the nineteenth century following the decline of Iran and divergence of dominant discourse of that time were suffering from identity crisis; therefore, for identification have established a new order in the form of ancient-oriented nationalism discourse. For this purpose, they have excluded previous discourse’s signifiers to field of discursivity and have established new discourse around the Iranian nation’s nodal point. In this research by study of three Iranian intellectual’s thought, this issue is discussed that what factors affected them and how they articulated a new order as nationalism which after some years was known as the dominant discourse in Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
358 - The impact of targeted subsidies on rural households in Drood Faraman region in Kermanshah township
marbe sahraie Tahereh Maleki kiumars zarafshani -
Open Access Article
359 - Criticism of a poetic test (commitment of the Shotor-Hojreh)
Mohammad Hadi Khaleq zadehAdherence is one of the literary techniques that, according to critics, can create beauty as well as cause extreme fabrication. The obligation in this research is the repetition of one or two words in each verse or stanza that the poet obliges him to mention from the be MoreAdherence is one of the literary techniques that, according to critics, can create beauty as well as cause extreme fabrication. The obligation in this research is the repetition of one or two words in each verse or stanza that the poet obliges him to mention from the beginning to the end of the sonnet, ode or fragment. The previous researchers have written "Shotor- Hojreh", the name of an ode by a Katebi Torshizi who has used two possible words "Hojreh" and "Shotor" in each verse, and many poets have imitated and followed him, but the reality It is that before Katebi, this type of poetic test, with two words that are incompatible with each other, such as "Shotor" and "Hojreh", had a history, and many poets up to the era of Qajar and Pahlavi put their taste under the torture of difficult commitments like this. have given In the current research, which was conducted in a library format, this researcher faced the question of which poets followed these difficult commitments and what other words were added to it until the era of Qajar and Pahlavi? Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
360 - تبیین نقش خط مشی های فرهنگی در تامین حقوق شهروندی در سازمانهای دولتی (مورد مطالعه شهر کرمان)
حمیده شجاعی علیرضا منظری توکلی سنجر سلاجقه رحمان جلالی جواران -
Open Access Article
361 - بررسی تاثیر مدیریت منابع انسانی سبز و رفتار محیط نگر کارکنان بر پایداری سازمانی از طریق نقش میانجی مسئولیت اجتماعی در سازمان تامین اجتماعی کرمان
مرتضی عارفی نژاد شهین شرفی -
Open Access Article
362 - Examining individuals' social, economic and psychological consequences in earthquake (case study: victims in the western part of Kermanshah)
sima parshoo sayed naser hejazi asghar mohamdiEarthquake is one of the phenomena that, when it occurs, the society faces many dangers and disturbances. Iran is one of the countries that faces numerous and large faults in its wide area. This research was carried out with a sociological approach, with the aim of inve MoreEarthquake is one of the phenomena that, when it occurs, the society faces many dangers and disturbances. Iran is one of the countries that faces numerous and large faults in its wide area. This research was carried out with a sociological approach, with the aim of investigating the social, economic and psychological consequences of the survivors of the West Kermanshah earthquake and with the survey method. The statistical population includes all people over the age of 18 in the cities of Sarpol Zahab and Salas Babajani. Cochran's formula was used to determine the statistical sample (600 people), and a researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect information. Data analysis was also done using PLS and SPSS statistical software in two parts, descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. The findings showed that, the occurrence of an earthquake on all research variables with (sig=0.001) at the alpha level of 0.05 on the sense of social security, social responsibility, adaptability of citizens, social solidarity with others, determinism, sense of economic security, Job changes, mental health, resilience and duty-oriented towards God have an effect. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
363 - The Effect of Different Amounts of Nitrogen and Phosphorus on Yield and Some Physiological Traits of Guar Pakistani Ecotype (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L.) in Different Planting Densities
zahra ghorabaei toghrekan Ahmad Aien gholamreza afsharmanesh محمدحسن شیرزادیIn order to investigate the effect of nitrogen and phosphorus levels on yield and some physiological traits of Pakistani Guar ecotype at different planting densities, a factorial experiment in a randomized complete block design with three replications at the Agricultura MoreIn order to investigate the effect of nitrogen and phosphorus levels on yield and some physiological traits of Pakistani Guar ecotype at different planting densities, a factorial experiment in a randomized complete block design with three replications at the Agricultural Research and Training Center and Natural Resources Jiroft was implemented in two cropping years of 2018-2019 and 2019-2020. Experimental design was factorial based on a randomized complete block design with three replications. Experimental treatments included nitrogen fertilizer at three levels (20, 60 and 100 kg of pure nitrogen in the soil from urea fertilizer source), phosphorus fertilizer at two levels (zero and 75 kg P2O5 from monopotassium phosphate fertilizer source) and plant planting densities of 24, 31 and 24. In square meters, distances between planting rows (30, 45 and 60 cm) were considered. The results showed that nitrogen, phosphorus and planting density had a significant effect on all traits. The highest seed yield and yield components in the first and second year were obtained from nitrogen and phosphorus application at 60 and 75 kg.ha-1, respectively, along with planting density of 31 plants per square meter at 4300 and 4200 kg.ha-1 and more. The highest levels of carotenoids and chlorophyll a and b were related to the application of 100 and 75 kg.ha-1 of nitrogen and phosphorus, respectively, with plant density of 24 m2. Based on the results of this study, it seems that this plant does not need high levels of nitrogen and phosphorus in terms of legume, but is affected by nitrogen and phosphorus for high yield and product quality. Regarding planting density, if the goal is to achieve high yield, planting density of 31 plants per square meter and for high quality planting density of 24 plants per square meter is suitable. Guar can be considered as a plant with low expectations in terms of nutritional needs in the planting pattern program in the climatic conditions of southern Kerman and similar areas. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
364 - Investigating the Relationship between Time Management and Conflict Management with Job Stress (Case Study of School Principals in District 1 of Kermanshah)
faranak mosavi akram marzbani -
Open Access Article
365 - The effect of the antecedent of the formation of entrepreneurial ecosystem on the consequences of health tourism in Iran (Case study: Kermanshah province)
Nahid Jalilian Bijan Rezaei Ali BadizadehHealth tourism is almost a new topic today, and developed and developing countries are investing in it as a new source of income, and Iran has a high potential in this, both because of its medical facilities and because of regional conditions and neighboring countries. MoreHealth tourism is almost a new topic today, and developed and developing countries are investing in it as a new source of income, and Iran has a high potential in this, both because of its medical facilities and because of regional conditions and neighboring countries. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to analyze the background of the formation of entrepreneurial ecosystem on the consequences of health tourism in Iran. The statistical population of the study is 94 people active in the field of health tourism in Kermanshah province, of which 75 people were selected as a statistical sample. This research has been carried out with the method and paradigm of proof of belief and deductive approach by survey method. The research tool was a researcher-made questionnaire that the face and content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed based on experts' opinions and the construct validity was confirmed based on confirmatory factor analysis and its reliability was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha test. For data analysis, the structural equation model with PLS method was used with the help of Smart-PLS software, the results of which show that the background of entrepreneurial ecosystem formation is effective on ecosystem formation. The formation of the entrepreneurial ecosystem has an impact on the consequences of health tourism. Also, regional business dynamics in Kermanshah province affect the consequences of health tourism. Finally, regional business dynamics play a moderating role in the relationship between the formation of the entrepreneurial ecosystem and the consequences of health tourism. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
366 - Perception of the classroom environment and its relationship with students' academic motivation
Tayabah Hayrani Faranak MosaviThe purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between perception of the classroom environment and academic achievement of high school students in Kermanshah. The present study is a descriptive and correlational study in terms of the nature and purpose of MoreThe purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between perception of the classroom environment and academic achievement of high school students in Kermanshah. The present study is a descriptive and correlational study in terms of the nature and purpose of the applied research and in terms of data collection method for testing hypotheses. The statistical population of this study is all high school students in Kermanshah, the number of which is equal to 12580 people, using Morgan table, 384 people were selected by simple random sampling. The questionnaires used in this study are Gobel and Riza (2002) Gender Perception Perception Questionnaire with a validity of 0.817 and Fredericks, Bloomfield, Paris (2002) with a validity of 0.717. The results showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between interest in the classroom environment, challenges in the classroom environment, choice and enjoyment of the class and eagerness to study among high school students in Kermanshah. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
367 - Investigating the relationship between participatory management and managers' effectiveness in second secondary schools in Kermanshah
faranak sadat moosavi tayebeh heyraniAbstractToday, among the powerful forces governing organizations and institutions, participation is one of the life-giving factors, dynamism, freshness and productivity in organizations, which by creating organizational network connections and using collective thought a MoreAbstractToday, among the powerful forces governing organizations and institutions, participation is one of the life-giving factors, dynamism, freshness and productivity in organizations, which by creating organizational network connections and using collective thought and action causes the organization to move favorably. to move from the current state to the desired state. Education is the only means of access to stronger technology, growth, development and progress, and paying attention to its quantity and quality is one of the factors involved in the continuation and acceleration of the development of society in economic, social, cultural and political dimensions, and of course its management and administration. Participatory management means participation of the right people, at the right time and for the right work. The purpose of this research is to investigate the relationship between participatory management and effectiveness among the principals of second secondary schools in Kermanshah. The research method is descriptive and correlational. The statistical population of this research consists of all principals working in the first secondary schools of Kermanshah city in the academic year of 1402-1401 (167 people) using Morgan's table, 115 people were selected as the sample size by simple random method. The questionnaires used in this research are participatory management questionnaires that include 16 items and measure the subscales of goal setting, organization, leadership and control. Also, to measure the effectiveness of schools, a questionnaire containing 32 items based on the Parsons model was used. The results showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between the management dimensions of goal setting, organization, leadership and control with effectiveness.Keywords: effectiveness, management, control, schools, Kermanshah. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
368 - The Relationship between Philosophic-Mindedness and Creativity among Faculty Members of IAU Zanjan Branch
Faranak Mousavi Hassan Pashasharifi Abstract This study aimed at investigating the relationship between philosophic-mindedness (measured as comprehensiveness, penetration, and flexibility) and degree of creativity among faculty members of Islamic Azad University (IAU), Zanjan Branch. The populati More Abstract This study aimed at investigating the relationship between philosophic-mindedness (measured as comprehensiveness, penetration, and flexibility) and degree of creativity among faculty members of Islamic Azad University (IAU), Zanjan Branch. The population of the study was comprised of 440, out of which 210 were selected using stratified random sampling. Data were collected administering creativity and philosophic-mindedness questionnaire with validity indices of 0.81 and 0.80 respectively. Both descriptive and inferential statistics indices were applied to analyze the data. The findings of the study indicate that there is a significant relationship between philosophic-mindedness and the degree of creativity of the faculty members (p< 0.01). Also, there exist significant relationships between three indices of comprehensiveness, penetration, flexibility and degree of creativity. Applying t test, no significant relationship is found between philosophic-mindedness and the degree of creativity of the faculty members in humanities and basic sciences. Moreover, there is no significant relationship between male and female professors regarding their creativity (p< 0.05), whereas regarding their level of philosophic-mindedness, male exceeded female. Taking the indices of philosophic-mindedness into account, penetration shows a gender difference. That is, male professors present a more significant level of penetration than female while both were similar regarding other indices of comprehensiveness and flexibility. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
369 - Textology and introducing the epic Book, Naseri’s Eskandar Nameh
Hamidreza kharazmi Vahid GhanbariAfter setting fire of Persian lands, Macedoni Eskandar who in the mind and language of Iranians enjoyed a bad reputation and possessed negative characteristics, after coming of Islam in Iran suddenly finds an auspicious face and is identified as Du’l-Qarnayn from MoreAfter setting fire of Persian lands, Macedoni Eskandar who in the mind and language of Iranians enjoyed a bad reputation and possessed negative characteristics, after coming of Islam in Iran suddenly finds an auspicious face and is identified as Du’l-Qarnayn from then on according to Kahf Sura verses 83-98 Iranians write many books about him both in prose and verse. Each book according to the references referred to dealt with different aspects of his life. The book of Eskandar Nameh, composed by Naseri Kermani paid attention to some angles of his life. This article familiarizes the reader with the text and deals with the style of Naseri’s composition of poetry. Like many Nezami’s imitators, Naseri had been immensely under the influence of Nezami Ganjavi in composition of his book as far as diction and imageries are concerned and in spite of epic works had used Khafif meter in his composition. In comparison with other Eskandar Namehs new points are encountered such as the fire that consumed Persepolis set by Eskandar had something to do with temptation on the behalf of a beloved. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
370 - Ministers in Hafez's time
Iraj ShahbaziThis article discusses the concept of viziership in Persian literature, and investigates the life of ministers in Hafez's time. Emadeddin Mahmoud Kermani, Borhaneddin Fatollah, Ghavameddin Mohammad Saheb Ayyar, and jalaloddin Touranshah are the four ministers who were p MoreThis article discusses the concept of viziership in Persian literature, and investigates the life of ministers in Hafez's time. Emadeddin Mahmoud Kermani, Borhaneddin Fatollah, Ghavameddin Mohammad Saheb Ayyar, and jalaloddin Touranshah are the four ministers who were particularly liked by Hafez and he composed some poetry in their praise. Investigation of this genre of poetry from the historical point of view is the main subject of this article. Such studies could throw light on Hafez's time and pave the way for compiling a complete history of the Persian literature. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
371 - Validation of the model of the relationship between the organizational structure and the level of implementation of the cultural policies of the municipalities of Kerman province in the direction of promoting Islamic culture
mohammad shahabi nejad navid fatehi rad amin nik pourThe aim of study is to validate the model of the relationship between the organizational structure and the level of implementation of the cultural policies of the municipalities of Kerman province in order to promote Islamic culture. The statistical population includes MoreThe aim of study is to validate the model of the relationship between the organizational structure and the level of implementation of the cultural policies of the municipalities of Kerman province in order to promote Islamic culture. The statistical population includes the managers and experts of the municipalities of Kerman province in the number of 1553 people. The sample size in this section is based on Cohen's table of 166 people who were randomly selected according to the size of the classes. In this research, SPSS version 26 and SMART PLS version 3.3 software were used to check the validity of the model. The presented results indicate a positive and significant effect of organizational structure on the implementation of cultural policies (p<0.05, β=0.617). Based on the coefficient of determination (R2), 38% of the changes in the implementation of cultural policies are explained by the organizational structure. Also, the results show the variable effect of the implementation of cultural policies on the promotion of Islamic culture (p=0.001, β=0.489) and the variable effect of the organizational structure on the promotion of Islamic culture (p=0.001, β=0.465) at the 5% level. It is significant and positive path coefficients show that these structures have had an increasing (direct) effect on each other. Based on the coefficient of determination (R2), 24 and 22 percent of the changes in the promotion of Islamic culture are explained by the organizational structure and the implementation of cultural policies, respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
372 - The role of the General Command of the Police Force in the realization of the explanation jihad according to the statement of the second step of the revolution
محمد شریفانی nasrin alaviniaBackground and purpose:The command of the police force (Faraja) as the institution in charge of security and order in the society has an important role in the realization of the jihad of explanation in the society. Explanation Jihad is one of the fundamental issues for MoreBackground and purpose:The command of the police force (Faraja) as the institution in charge of security and order in the society has an important role in the realization of the jihad of explanation in the society. Explanation Jihad is one of the fundamental issues for the future of the revolution, which is the concern of the supreme leader (Madazaleh) and he has pointed out some points in this regard on various occasions.Therefore, Faraja's awareness of the conditions and factors affecting the realization of Jihad Tabbin can be the basis for reaching the desired society and the continuation of the revolution.The purpose of the current research is to present the role of the police force command in the realization of Jihad-at-Bayin according to the statement of the second step of the revolution Method: Qualitative approach and data-based theory. The required data were collected through theoretical and targeted sampling with the method of semi-structured interviews with the commanders of the police forces of Kermanshah,Hamadan,Kohgiluyeh and Boyer Ahmad provinces and through three processes; Open, central and selective coding has been conceptualized and analyzed Findings and conclusions: The findings of the research include 330 primary concepts, 157 sub-themes and 18 main themes, the core category of which was created, "Faraja Command and Realization of Jihad-Tabbin" and the obtained paradigm model, conditions and causes, Represent the necessary factors and necessities, and in order to achieve the desired results, it is necessary for all the influencing components to provide the consequences of this by adopting the necessary strategies Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
373 - The effect of triacontanol hormone on yield and yield components of two Landrace chickpea
Ali Bagherzadeh Chaharjouee Mostafa HojatianfarTo investigate the effect of triacontanol on the yield and yield components of the two chickpea Landraces, a completely randomized factorial design was conducted with three replications. The treatments were designed at four levels of hormone consumption including 0, 5, MoreTo investigate the effect of triacontanol on the yield and yield components of the two chickpea Landraces, a completely randomized factorial design was conducted with three replications. The treatments were designed at four levels of hormone consumption including 0, 5, 10 and 15 mg/L in the form of leaf and soil applications on two chickpea Landrace of Mashhad and Kermanshah. The total treatments included 24 pots for each Landrace. In this experiment, traits such as grain yield, biological yield, number of pods per plant, number of grains per pod, height of plant, 100-grain weight, and total biomass of chickpeas were examined. The results revealed that the effects of triacontanol application and method of application on chickpea Landraces were not significant. The results also showed no significant effect for biomass. Moreover, analyzing the effects of interaction between the amount of hormone consumption and method of consumption and type of chickpea mass on the yield and yield components showed that all properties were significantly different with an exception of the number of grains per pod and 100-grain weight. Increasing the doses of hormone by leaf application on Mashhad Landrace resulted in significant improvement of yield and yield components of the chickpea. The triple interaction effects of triacontanol application, method of application and chickpea Landrace on the measured traits were significant in all treatments. In the triple interaction, the highest yield was observed in 15 mg/L triacontanol application on the leaves of Mashhad Landrace chickpea, which increased the yield by 45% compared to control treatment. It was concluded that the increase of yield and yield components by increasing doses of triacontanol application on leaves was mainly due to their effects on aerial parts of the plant through decreased rates of flowers, pods and falling leaves. On the whole, application of biochemical triacontanol hormone resulted in increasing chickpea yield by its positive effect on the metabolism activities of the plant. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
374 - Variation on biological activities and total phenol and flavonoids contents in different extracts from Salvia rhytidea Bent. collected from natural habitats of Kerman and Sistan and Baluchestan provinces
Omid Azizian-Shermeh Alireza Hassanabadi<strong>Introduction:</strong> The variety of quantity and quality of active ingredients as well as the antioxidant function of medicinal plants under different ecological conditions has made plants as a valuable and natural source of new antioxidants in the focus of re More<strong>Introduction:</strong> The variety of quantity and quality of active ingredients as well as the antioxidant function of medicinal plants under different ecological conditions has made plants as a valuable and natural source of new antioxidants in the focus of researchers. <em>Salvia rhytidea</em> Bent is one of the native medicinal plants of Sistan and Baluchestan and Kerman provinces. The genus Salvia belongs to the genus Lamiaceae, with more than 311 species worldwide, especially in tropical and temperate regions. The present study is carried out to evaluate the phytochemical compounds such as total phenolic and total flavonoid contents, antioxidant and antibacterial activities of three extracts (Methanolic, Ethanolic and Aqueous) of <em>Salvia rhytidea</em> Bent from natural habitats of Kerman and Sistan and Baluchestan province.<br /><strong>Experimental:</strong> Phenolic and Flavonoid contents were determined by Folin-Ciocaltiu, Aluminum Chloride colorimetric and antioxidant activities were studied by two methods (DPPH and FRAP) and antimicrobial activities were estimated by Disk-Diffusion Agar and MIC methods against 3 bacteria <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em>, <em>Bacillus cereus</em>, <em>Escherichia coli</em> and 2 fungis <em>Aspergillus niger</em> and <em>Candida albicans</em>.<br /><strong>Results and Disscussion:</strong> The results showed that, the methanolic extract of S. rhytidea from Sistan and Baluchestan province had high amount of secondary compounds (phenolic and flavonoids: 35.12 ± 2.11 mg GAE/g extract, 29.13 ± 1.12 mg QUE/g extract) and activities (antioxidant activities: IC<sub>50</sub>= 27.28 ± 2.12 µg/ml, 49.17 ± 2.21 mM Fe<sup>2+</sup>/mg Sample, and antimicrobial activities against Staphylococcus aureus with the diameter of inhibition zone 25 ± 1.41). Aqueous extract of S. rhytidea from Kerman province had minimum amount of secondary compounds (phenolic and flavonoids: 10.72 ±1.21 mgGAE/g extract, 6.14 ± 0.24 mgQUE/g extract) and activities (antioxidant activities: IC<sub>50</sub>= 173.12 ± 4.16 µg/ml, 7.66 ± 0.23 mM Fe<sup>2+</sup>/mg Sample, and antimicrobial activities against Escherichia coli with the diameter of inhibition zone 9 ± 0.19 mm). The extraction method of the extract and the appropriate solvent play an important role in the extraction of secondary compounds. Methanol solvent has played an important role in the extraction of phenolic and flavonoid secondary compounds, and these compounds have led to antioxidant and antimicrobial properties, so that methanolic extracts have the highest amount of total phenols and flavonoids and the most antioxidant effect. Among the studied extracts, methanolic extract showed the greatest effect in all evaluations. Also, the antioxidant power of methanolic extract of this plant was so high that it was almost close to the antioxidant power of synthetic antioxidants ascorbic acid (10.75 ± 0.98 µg/ml, 65.75 ± 3.35 mM Fe <sup>2+</sup>/mg Sample) and BHT (15.26 ± 1.2 µg/ml, 57.96 ± 1.53 mM Fe <sup>2+</sup>/mg Sample) in both methods. Ethanolic extract was in the second place for both plant samples and between methanolic and aqueous extracts.<br /><strong>Extension:</strong> Overall, based on the results, the <em>Salvia rhytidea</em> can be a suitable candidate for the treatment of diseases caused by oxidative stress, and diseases caused by pathogenic microbes. Also, due to its high potential in eliminating pathogens, this plant can be a suitable alternative to antibiotics. Manuscript profile
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