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Open Access Article
1 - Predicting local scour depth of bridge piers using hybrid particle swarm optimization and gray wolf optimizer
Mehran Sarabi Seyed Abbas HosseiniConstruction of bridge piers is expensive, and scouring near them can lead to instability. Without a suitable solution, it can ultimately result in the structure’s destruction. Therefore, a detailed study is required to understand this phenomenon and the factors affecti MoreConstruction of bridge piers is expensive, and scouring near them can lead to instability. Without a suitable solution, it can ultimately result in the structure’s destruction. Therefore, a detailed study is required to understand this phenomenon and the factors affecting it. This research entails utilizing extensive field data to measure the local scour depth around bridge piers. It proposes an equation comprising scour-affecting parameters and defines an optimization model to establish this relationship. The decision variables of this model were determined using a meta-heuristic algorithm called the hybrid gray wolf-particle swarm (HPSGWO). For this purpose, various relationships were established to ascertain scour depth, and subsequently, the local scour depth of the bridge piers was calculated, based on these equations. Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), Relative Square Root (RSR), Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE), Percent Bias (PBIAS), and Correlation Coefficient (CC) were employed as error measurement indices to evaluate the relationships. Upon comparison of the error measurement indices for the obtained relationships, the best input parameter combination and mathematical relationship for calculating scour depth were determined. These indices for the superior model are equal to 0.504 m, 0.52, 0.73, 7.7%, and 0.734 for RMSE, RSR, NSE, PBIAS, and CC, respectively. These values show that the equation presented in this research is suitable for calculating scour depth and is more reliable than the presented experimental methods. In the proposed relationship, scour depth is directly proportional to the Froude number and the ratio of base width to water depth while inversely proportional to the average size of bed particles to water depth. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Estimating the tax base in the value added tax system (case Iran 1995-1999)
A. A. Peirow N. SamadpoorExpansion of government commitments in economic and social realms and efforts aimed at achieringobjectives such as economic growth, price stability, rise in employment and equitable income distributionhave faced the expenditures of governments with an asceding trend. Fu MoreExpansion of government commitments in economic and social realms and efforts aimed at achieringobjectives such as economic growth, price stability, rise in employment and equitable income distributionhave faced the expenditures of governments with an asceding trend. Funding such expenditures requiressources of revenue. Among government revenues, the tax revenue plays a major role.The value added tax system, as one of the methods for tax calcution and taxcollection, can transparentlycalcutate the tax base and facilitable tax collection, and also in many cases it can lead to increased taxrevenues.In the present research , using the inpout –output table, the tax base has been estimated for the period1995-1999 by the use of this method. The reslts obtained from estimation of the base of the value added taxwith regard to the tax code , indicate that during the second develoment plan, on average about 54 percent ofgross domestic product (GDP) has been annually envisaged as the tas base. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Iranian Furniture in Islamic Era: from Seljuqs to Zands
Seyede Motahareh Mousavi Hasanali Pourmand Leila Karimi FardThe article is a research about Iranian furniture, from Seljuqs to the end of Zands and thevbeginning of Qajars. It aimed to introduce different kinds of Iranian furniture and considering the art of making them. The research is a developing research and in terms of the MoreThe article is a research about Iranian furniture, from Seljuqs to the end of Zands and thevbeginning of Qajars. It aimed to introduce different kinds of Iranian furniture and considering the art of making them. The research is a developing research and in terms of the nature is qualitative and heuristic. Data collection was done through library studies and extensive field research. Although the remaining works of the 5th century AH show a continuation of the Sassanid style, it seems that this old style did not last long due to the changes in beliefs and society and so a new method has been followed in Islamic era. This Iranian art has undergone an evolutionary process during this period and is influenced by Islamic concepts and also the culture of other nations of conquered lands in its form and decoration. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - The impact of media literacy education thinking skills Eight high school students in the city of Orumiyeh critical
رقیه علیزاده جواد عبدلی زهرا حدادThe main objective of this paper is to examine the impact of media literacy education the critical thinking skills of secondary school students in the city of Orumiyeh is eighth base. Methods of testing with pre-test and post-test with control group, the population also MoreThe main objective of this paper is to examine the impact of media literacy education the critical thinking skills of secondary school students in the city of Orumiyeh is eighth base. Methods of testing with pre-test and post-test with control group, the population also includes all the basic branches of the eighth high school female students in the city of Orumiyeh.For the purposes of this study, the multi-stage cluster sampling, two classes of 16 people selected randomly one class as the experimental group and the control group were the other class. The pre-test for both groups, media literacy test case for trial was conducted by the researcher. After completion of 8 training session, again following tools as post-test, the subjects were administered. To measure the dependent variable, the California Critical Thinking Inventory (CCTST) was used. To analyze the data from the single-factor analysis of covariance (Nkva) was used. The results showed that media literacy instruction in five critical thinking skills (analysis, inference, evaluation, induction and analogy) among students has been effective Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - Market-in Sima strategy to improve the quality and control production costs
Hassan Khojasteh BagherzadehIRIB can be one of the largest media organizations know that a large number of network radio and television, domestic and international vast majority of different stages of production and distribution, including the activities of the hardware or software directly respon MoreIRIB can be one of the largest media organizations know that a large number of network radio and television, domestic and international vast majority of different stages of production and distribution, including the activities of the hardware or software directly responsible is significant. This paper seeks to answer the question of whether the market and its functions for IRIB that are not among media organizations oriented in common parlance it is not their fees directly from the audience receives useful and efficient? Is it possible there and make it happen? Asked by library studies and studies and experiences achieved suggested shows that the conditions and opportunities for exceptional new with a little boost television network IRIB Physics More is made to the capacity of the periphery of the capacity of substance market, and the "market-" in the collection and provincial television networks, benefit from this situation properly. This article examines the development of trade to prompt five important step market-with what the prompt value chain, the status of market-model Five Forces Porter and functions of the market-state media presentation, and then to market requirements and to drive the market in the organization Broadcasting and assign important tasks to create a sustainable market-referenced and in the end stage for theatrical productions, as well as market-the market-operation of studio and technical facilities of the organization expressed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - Market-in Sima Strategy to Improve the Quality and Control Production Costs
Hassan Khojasteh BagherzadehIRIB can be one of the largest media organizations know that a large number of network radio and television, domestic and international vast majority of different stages of production and distribution, including the activities of the hardware or software directly respon MoreIRIB can be one of the largest media organizations know that a large number of network radio and television, domestic and international vast majority of different stages of production and distribution, including the activities of the hardware or software directly responsible is significant. This paper seeks to answer the question of whether the market and its functions for IRIB that are not among media organizations oriented in common parlance it is not their fees directly from the audience receives useful and efficient? Is it possible there and make it happen? Asked by library studies and studies and experiences achieved suggested shows that the conditions and opportunities for exceptional new with a little boost television network IRIB Physics More is made to the capacity of the periphery of the capacity of substance market, and the "market-" in the collection and provincial television networks, benefit from this situation properly.This article examines the development of trade to prompt five important step market-with what the prompt value chain, the status of market-model Five Forces Porter and functions of the market-state media presentation, and then to market requirements and to drive the market in the organization Broadcasting and assign important tasks to create a sustainable market-referenced and in the end stage for theatrical productions, as well as market-the market-operation of studio and technical facilities of the organization expressed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - Analysis and Evaluation of the Cultural Methods` Performance of the Basic Architectural Principles in Iran Society
Mojgan Salehahangar Said Tizghaalam Zonuzi , Mehrdad Javidi NejadToday, perhaps more than ever, we are in disarray in the field of architecture and the city. On the other hand, we cope with buildings that have nothing to do with the history and culture of our country and without cultural, social, and philosophical backgrounds, accord MoreToday, perhaps more than ever, we are in disarray in the field of architecture and the city. On the other hand, we cope with buildings that have nothing to do with the history and culture of our country and without cultural, social, and philosophical backgrounds, according to the tastes and welcome of employers and designers, based on foreign examples, in the corners of our cities and views. However, in the field of residential architecture, we see the construction of buildings that are under the rule of the economic view of the city and architecture and to become more profitable, cultural, social, and natural features of its construction completely ignored and regardless of various cultural characteristics The different ethnic groups of Iran, in all the vast and diverse areas of the land of Iran, are made the same and uniform. Undoubtedly, the effect of cultural patterns on human artifacts in lands that are the origin of ancient civilizations and cultures, which have a longer life history, due to during the time and the impact of various historical, social, economic, and natural factors. The plateau of Iran with more than a few thousand years of history in civilization and life in its cultural and natural areas is one of these lands. Because of its inherent nature, the field of architecture has a two-way interaction between architects and people. Explaining cultural methods and examining their weaknesses and strengths is the first step in teaching the basic principles of architecture to the general public, an important hub of control and supervision of proper construction. The purpose of this study is to introduce and evaluate the current performance of cultural methods of basic principles of architecture in Iranian society. This article is applied in a methodological approach, the mixture of quantitative-qualitative. First, they are explained by library studies of architectural principles and methods of cultural indexation, and then the current performance of these methods is expressed with quantitative evidence, in the language of statistics. The statistical population of this study has been chosen from Tehran according to cultural diversity. The results of the research indicate that people are very interested in learning about the importance of architecture, although the current performance of cultural institutions in this field is weak. Public participation is a highly effective method. Visual media and cyberspace are low-cost and high-speed. Paying attention to the public issue and trying to solve it is not possible without public participation. Intellectuals and people of culture must work to raise the level of awareness of the people and the country to develop and excel, and if the level of awareness and culture of the people increases, the people will recognize the issues from each other and will be aware of their rights. It is hoped that the general public will become more aware of the basic principles of architecture and that the public, as one of the most influential nuclei, will require builders and architects to adhere more closely to the principles of architecture. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - Optimal solution for Koper-Schmidt equation using Jacobi and Airfoil expansion methods
shadan sadigh behzadi F. Gervehei A. RafieIn this paper, we solve the Cooper-Schmidt equation in a way that is consistent with Jacuzzi and Airfoil foundations. This PDE equation is one of the most important equations in physics and chemistry. This nonlinear equation in mechanical engineering appears as a wave p MoreIn this paper, we solve the Cooper-Schmidt equation in a way that is consistent with Jacuzzi and Airfoil foundations. This PDE equation is one of the most important equations in physics and chemistry. This nonlinear equation in mechanical engineering appears as a wave phenomenon, and in plasma physics discusses systems that are composed of positive and negative charged particles that can move freely. Comparison of the level of hot electron production and its surface causes the harmonic emission of some source signals and the heat electrons in the plasma are radiated spherically [1]. The Cooper-Schmidt equation plays an important role in nonlinear wave scattering. Individual waves are propagated in the nonlinear scattering of media. These waves maintain a stable shape. Due to the dynamic equilibrium and nonlinearity of this equation, an approximate solution has been proposed in many papers [12, 13]. In this paper, by applying numerical methods to the desired equation, nonlinear devices can be obtained that can be obtained by the method. Solved nonlinear systems, such as Newton's iterative method. The existence, uniqueness of the answer, and convergence of methods are examined. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - New Bases for Polynomial-Based Spaces
مریم محمدی مریم بحرکاظمیSince it is well-known that the Vandermonde matrix is ill-conditioned, while the interpolation itself is not unstable in function space, this paper surveys the choices of other new bases. These bases are data-dependent and are categorized into discretely l2-orthonormal MoreSince it is well-known that the Vandermonde matrix is ill-conditioned, while the interpolation itself is not unstable in function space, this paper surveys the choices of other new bases. These bases are data-dependent and are categorized into discretely l2-orthonormal and continuously L2-orthonormal bases. The first one construct a unitary Gramian matrix in the space l2(X) while the later construct a unitary Gramian matrix in the space L2[-1,1]. The first one is defined via a factorization of Vandermonde matrix while the latter is given by a factorization of the Gramian matrix corresponding to monomial bases. A discussion of various matrix factorization (e.g. Cholesky, QR, SVD) provides a variety of different bases with different properties. Numerical results show that matrices of values of the new bases have smaller condition number rather that the common monomial bases. It can also be pointed out that the new introduced bases are good candidates for interpolation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - A NUMERICAL SOLUTION FOR THE FRACTIONAL RAYLEIGH-STOKES PROBLEM BY SPACE-TIME RADIAL BASIS FUNCTIONS
Nafiseh Noghrei Asghar Kerayechian Alireza SoheiliIn this paper, we approximate the solution of two-dimensional Rayleigh-Stokes problem ‎for a heated generalized second grade fluid with fractional derivatives. This approximation is ‎based on the space-time radial basis functions (RBFs) and the Sinc quadrature r MoreIn this paper, we approximate the solution of two-dimensional Rayleigh-Stokes problem ‎for a heated generalized second grade fluid with fractional derivatives. This approximation is ‎based on the space-time radial basis functions (RBFs) and the Sinc quadrature rule. In this ‎method, we use Gaussian radial basis function and don't distinguish between time and place ‎variables and the collocation points have both the coordinates of time and space. We use the ‎Sinc quadrature rule with single exponential transformation to approximate the integral part of ‎fractional derivatives. The chosen fractional derivatives is Riemann – Liouville.‎This method is implemented on two examples with different values of the fractional ‎derivative order. Obtained results illustrate the effectiveness of our method and sh ow that ‎one can obtain accurate results with a small number of the collocation points for the radial ‎basis function. It should be noted that all calculations in this paper have been done using ‎Mathematica software.‎ Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - The use of radial basis functions by variable shape parameter for solving partial differential equations
H. Nojavan S. Abbasbandy T. AllahviranlooIn this paper, some meshless methods based on the local Newton basis functions are used to solve some time dependent partial differential equations. For stability reasons, used variably scaled radial kernels for constructing Newton basis functions. In continuation, with MoreIn this paper, some meshless methods based on the local Newton basis functions are used to solve some time dependent partial differential equations. For stability reasons, used variably scaled radial kernels for constructing Newton basis functions. In continuation, with considering presented basis functions as trial functions, approximated solution functions in the event of spatial variable with collocation method. Then, with aid of method of lines obtained a system of ordinary differential equations according to solution function in the event of time. Methods applied for solving the nonlinear Burgers’ equation and couple Burgers’ equation. The numerical results show that the proposed method is efficient, accurate and stable. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - gH-differentiable of the 2th-order functions interpolating
H. Vosoughi S. AbbasbandyFuzzy Hermite interpolation of 5th degree generalizes Lagrange interpolation by fitting a polynomial to a function f that not only interpolates f at each knot but also interpolates two number of consecutive Generalized Hukuhara derivatives of f at each knot. The provide MoreFuzzy Hermite interpolation of 5th degree generalizes Lagrange interpolation by fitting a polynomial to a function f that not only interpolates f at each knot but also interpolates two number of consecutive Generalized Hukuhara derivatives of f at each knot. The provided solution for the 5th degree fuzzy Hermite interpolation problem in this paper is based on cardinal basis functions linear combination for 5th degree polynomials linear space and same approach develops to introduce 5th degree fuzzy piecewise Hermite interpolation polynomials. At first, construction method along with an example has presented for 5 th degree fuzzy Hermite interpolation. Because of the introduced method applies for interpolation of first order Generalized Hukuhara differentiable functions so during an example cubic fuzzy Hermite interpolation polynomial compares with fuzzy Hermite polynomial and we explain the superiority of the presented piecewise method next in the end we provide 5th degree fuzzy piecewise Hermite interpolation polynomial. Using such interpolant shows that the smoothness condition improves for interpolation polynomial core when successive degree of fuzzy piecewise Hermite interpolation polynomial comes up from three to five. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - A simple algorithm for solving the Volterra integral equation featuring a weakly singular kernel
M. Adabitabar Firozja B. AgheliThere are many methods for numerical solutions of integral equations. In various branches of science and engineering, chemistry and biology, and physics applications integral equation is provided by many other authors. In this paper, a simple numerical method using a fu MoreThere are many methods for numerical solutions of integral equations. In various branches of science and engineering, chemistry and biology, and physics applications integral equation is provided by many other authors. In this paper, a simple numerical method using a fuzzy, for the numerical solution of the integral equation with the weak singular kernel is provided. Finally, by providing three examples of the effectiveness of the proposed method was evaluated. In all the calculations and diagrams of the software, Mathematica is used. The advantage of the proposed method is that the algorithm is simple, appropriate and consistent with the exact solution provides a numerical answer. Examples and results presented in the previous section suggest this claim. A fast algorithm for the numerical solution for converting n fuzzy partition is also provided. The speed and simplicity of the algorithm allow any author to obtain a numerical answer with the help of this method it used to take. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - A meshless method for optimal control problem of Volterra-Fredholm integral equations using multiquadratic radial basis functions
J. Nazari Meleh H. AlmasiehIn this paper, a numerical method is proposed for solving optimal control problem of Volterra integral equations using radial basis functions (RBFs) for approximating unknown function. Actually, the method is based on interpolation by radial basis functions including mu MoreIn this paper, a numerical method is proposed for solving optimal control problem of Volterra integral equations using radial basis functions (RBFs) for approximating unknown function. Actually, the method is based on interpolation by radial basis functions including multiquadrics (MQs), to determine the control vector and the corresponding state vector in linear dynamic system while minimizing the quadratic cost functional. In addition for greater precision, the included integrals in Volterra integral equation and the cost functional are approximated using Legendre-Gauss-Lobatto nodes and weights. These nodes are considered as collocations points. The optimal control problem is reduced to a minimization so that the control vector and the state vector are considered as an approximation of solution vectors based on radial basis functions. Two numerical examples are presented and results are compared with the analytical solutions to demonstrate the applicability and accuracy of the proposed method. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - تحلیل ساختاری مزیت نسبی بخش معدن استان سمنان از نظر اشتغال (رهیافت اقتصاد پایه و تغییر مکان- سهم)
رضا زیاری مریم خوشنویس -
Open Access Article
16 - The Role of Conflict between Work and Personal Life in People with a Shift in Working Circles (Case Study;the Hospitals of Khatam-al-Anbia Shahroud and Hazrat Fatemeh Miandoab)
mohsen mohammadian saravi shadan vahabzadehIntroduction: The work-family conflict, dubbed the "incompatibility between work and family roles", emanates from the pressures inherent in the incompatibility of family and professional roles. The present study aims to investigate the conflict between work and personal MoreIntroduction: The work-family conflict, dubbed the "incompatibility between work and family roles", emanates from the pressures inherent in the incompatibility of family and professional roles. The present study aims to investigate the conflict between work and personal life of people with working hours. Methods: Therefore, in view point of the nature is a descriptive-survey method, based on this, for measuring the concepts of research, the standard questionnaire of conflict between work and life has been used. The reliability of the questionnaire was evaluated using Cronbach's alpha, which is 0.838 and is in the desired level. For data analysis, one-sample t-test was used in SPSS21 software. Results: the research indicate that there is a high degree of conflict between work and personal life The factor of the time conflict between work and personal life with the mean of15/93 is the highest conflict and the variable of conflict on the basis of stress or pressure with the average of 15/63 in the second and finally the factor of conflict on the basis of behavior with an average of 14/87 third place in the controversy of work and Life is dedicated to them Conclusion: It is suggested that time management and stress management courses be provided by the organization to the employees. Considering the material and spiritual rewards, paying attention to the health and support of employees can increase the amount of their commitment and job satisfaction Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
17 - Investigation of the efficiency of GeoEye-1 satellite data for mapping the development stages in the forests of Northern Iran
Amin Mahdavi Saeidi Sasan Babaie Kafaky Asadollah MatajiToday, remote sensing with high spatial and spectral resolutions along with the use of a variety of plant indices has provided the possibility of more accurate analysis and classification of satellite data in the identification and structural resolution of natural pheno MoreToday, remote sensing with high spatial and spectral resolutions along with the use of a variety of plant indices has provided the possibility of more accurate analysis and classification of satellite data in the identification and structural resolution of natural phenomena. Accordingly obtain information from the structure of forests using satellite data to help the management of forest renewable resources is of interest to managers and researchers. In this research, maps of the development stages of natural forests in the north of the country were prepared using GeoEye-1 satellite data and different classification algorithms in pixel-based, object-based, and model-based methods. The ultimate accuracy of the classification maps was calculated with the overall accuracy parameters and the Kappa coefficient. The results of this study showed that maximum accuracy (78%) in the object-based method was estimated on the basis of the segmentation of the NDVI and the maximum likelihood algorithm. Also, the algorithms that follow the structural patterns for the classification of the pixel distribution provided a higher accuracy. Overall, the results showed the high potential of GeoEye-1 data in mapping forest development stages. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
18 - The role analysis of Fundamental Islamic-Iranian Blueprint For Progress in Strategic Realms Transformation and Promoting The Government and People Continuity (case study: popular- government constitutions and state organizations of west azerbaijan province)
Masoud Ghahremani Farshad Zavari KhanaghahResearch Purpose: The purpose of the present study is to analyze the role of Fundamental Islamic-Iranian Blueprint For Progress in Strategic Realms Transformation and Promoting The Government and People Continuity (case study: popular- government constitutions and state MoreResearch Purpose: The purpose of the present study is to analyze the role of Fundamental Islamic-Iranian Blueprint For Progress in Strategic Realms Transformation and Promoting The Government and People Continuity (case study: popular- government constitutions and state organizations of west azerbaijan province). Research Method: the purpose of the research is practical and descriptive in terms of data collection. Statistical Society: the population consisted of 86298 employees of popular - government constitutions and state Organizations of west azerbaijan province. using available sampling method, 382 persons were selected as the sample, respectively. Methodology: data collection was done using the researcher-made questionnaire with validity and reliability coefficient of 0.887. descriptive and inferential statistics, spssv25 software, one-sample t-test were used. Findings and Results: the Fundamental Islamic-Iranian Blueprint For Progress has a positive and direct role in Strategic Realms Transformation (Intellectuality, Science, Spirituality, life) and Promoting The Government and People Continuity (Security, Independence, Authority) in the popular- government constitutions and state organizations of west azerbaijan province. the role model of Fundamental Islamic-Iranian Blueprint For Progress in Strategic Realms Transformation and Promoting The Government and People Continuity was drawn. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
19 - The Way of the Buddhisatva
A. MahmoodiThe doctrine of the existence of suffering is a central teaching inBuddhist thought. To stop suffering, Buddha himself presented theEightflod Path, but after him other pathes, such as the path ofbuddhisatva also gained recognition. The doctrine of boddhisatva inits prim MoreThe doctrine of the existence of suffering is a central teaching inBuddhist thought. To stop suffering, Buddha himself presented theEightflod Path, but after him other pathes, such as the path ofbuddhisatva also gained recognition. The doctrine of boddhisatva inits primitive from was derived from historical and mythological lifeof shakyamuni, however, its later development was due toMahayanism.This path begins with boddhicitta or "the awakened mind" andtaking the boddhisatva vow, and continues with passing through tenstages or bhumis, In each stage the boddhisatva perfects a paramitaor perfection in himself and finnaly becomes a buddha. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
20 - Morphotectonic Analysis of Nar Anticline (NW Lamerd)
سید احمد Alavi رضا Derakhshani علی HaghshenasThe study area in terms of geological division is located in Zagros foldthrust belt. Inthe present study, the following quantitative and qualitative methods ofgeomorphology and structural geology were used together. Aerial photos, satelliteimages, geological and topogra MoreThe study area in terms of geological division is located in Zagros foldthrust belt. Inthe present study, the following quantitative and qualitative methods ofgeomorphology and structural geology were used together. Aerial photos, satelliteimages, geological and topographical maps were studied and interpreted. Severalmorphometric indices including facet%, sinuosity of mountain front (Smf), V ratio andratio of valley floor width to valley height (Vf) were calculated. Isobase line map aswell as lineament map and three maps of isofracture anomaly, lineament densityanomaly and lineament intersection intensity anomaly were plotted. Based on theabove mentioned analyses and presence of special morphotectonic features such as:linear valley, deflected streams, fault scarps, water springs, elongated alluvial fans anddrainage basins, tectonically the study area is too active. Due to the deformation of Naranticline (Z shaped), it may be attributed to the presence of a N-S basement or blindfault. This fault can also make different anomalies in drainage patterns, streamdirections and lineaments. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
21 - Analysis of knowledge-based urban development status in three metropolises of Iran by gray relational analysis method (Case study: Tehran, Mashhad and Isfahan)
masoome jafari manochehr tabibianIntroduction and Purpose of the Research: Cities, as the dominant form of human habitation around the world, remain in direct contact with humans. The urban man of the new age, who sees the world as an integral part of science and knowledge, is influenced by it and inf MoreIntroduction and Purpose of the Research: Cities, as the dominant form of human habitation around the world, remain in direct contact with humans. The urban man of the new age, who sees the world as an integral part of science and knowledge, is influenced by it and influences it. Development in the new age is a complex matter that can only have a forward-looking approach. Knowledge-Based urban development is the basis of the development of progressive cities in the world. The purpose of this study is the criteria and indicators of knowledge-based urban development in the three metropolises of Tehran, Mashhad and Isfahan. Research Method: The present study is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of method. Four criteria and seventeen indicators were extracted from the qualitative content analysis method and after screening by ten experts and theoretical consensus with four criteria and ten indicators were established. Quantitative data were extracted from each metropolis and Gray Relational Analysis method was used to analyze the data. Findings: Findings show that metropolises have growing potentials according to the indicators of knowledge-based urban development and if they pay attention to the main criteria of knowledge-based development, they have the necessary capacity for this. Conclusion: Tehran metropolis is in the first place, Mashhad metropolis is in the second place and Isfahan metropolis is in the third place. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
22 - The Relationship of Organizational Citizenship Behavior and Basic Trauma Life Support among Mashhad Emergency Medical Technicians
دکتر امیر اشکان نصیری پور دکتر محمدحسین مهرالحسنی مهرداد اکبرزادهIntroduction: Fast and accurate treatment operation is one of main objectives and priorities of pre-hospital Emergency systems. Organizational citizenship behavior is one of influential factors in this operation. Determining the relationship of organizational citizenshi MoreIntroduction: Fast and accurate treatment operation is one of main objectives and priorities of pre-hospital Emergency systems. Organizational citizenship behavior is one of influential factors in this operation. Determining the relationship of organizational citizenship behavior and basic Trauma Life Support among Mashhad emergency medical technicians. Method: Netemeyer model was used to measure organizational citizenship behavior which contains Altruism, conscience, civil behavior and Chivalry as its dimensions. Based on experts’ opinions and research background, a checklist of operations was obtained to measure basic trauma life support. Research population was emergency medical technicians of Mashhad Medicine University’s emergency. The sample size was 53 and simple random sampling was performed. Descriptive statistic and Pearson correlation was used to analyze data. Results: There was a significant relationship between organizational citizenship behavior and basic trauma life support. Also, there are significant relationship between altruism, civil behavior, Chivalry and basic trauma life support. Significant relationship between organizational citizenship behavior and basic trauma life support denote for accurate basic trauma life support, Organizational citizenship behavior is an essential factor which could decrease the Traumatic death and injuries. Conclusion: Emergency medical services managers should take more attention regards this beyond role factor to obtain better performances of Emergency medical technicians Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
23 - Sensitivity Analysis of Parameters Affecting Scour Depth at Downstream of Twin Bridge Piers Using Extreme Learning Machine
siamak amiri mohammad ali izadbakhsh saeid shabanlouBackground and Aim: Local scouring has been identified as one of the important factors that cause the structure of bridges, breakwaters, and piers to rupture. The complexity of the scouring mechanism has made this one of the most important fields of civil engineering st MoreBackground and Aim: Local scouring has been identified as one of the important factors that cause the structure of bridges, breakwaters, and piers to rupture. The complexity of the scouring mechanism has made this one of the most important fields of civil engineering studies. In recent years, many studies have been performed on local scouring around bridge piers. Due to the great importance of predicting and estimating the scour pattern in the vicinity of bridge piers, many studies have been done on this type of structure.Method: In this study, for the first time, using a new extreme learning machine (ELM) method, the scour depth near the foundations of the twin bridges was simulated. First, effective parameters were identified and four ELM models were developed. Then, numerical results were validated using Monte Carlo simulation and the cross-validation method. Then the sin activation function was determined as the best activation function. In addition, ELM results were compared with artificial neural network (ANN) models that ELM models estimated scour values more accurately. Uncertainty analysis was performed for the superior ELM and ANN models and a relationship was proposed for the superior model. Partial derivative sensitivity analysis (PDSA) was also performed for all input parameters.Results: Among the existing activation functions, the sin function had the optimal performance compared to other activation functions. According to the analysis of modeling results, ELM 1 model was introduced as the superior model. This model was a function of all input parameters. Also, by removing the landing number, the accuracy of the numerical model was significantly reduced, so the mentioned parameter was identified as the most effective parameter in scouring modeling around the bases of the twin bridges by the model of Strength training machine.Conclusion: By analyzing the modeling results the superior ELM model was introduced. The results of ELM models were also compared with ANN models, which showed that ELM models simulate scour values more accurately. For the superior ELM model, a relation was proposed to calculate the scour hole depth, and further uncertainty analysis showed that this model had a higher performance than the actual value. In addition, the relative derivative sensitivity analysis for the input parameters showed that with increasing the landing number, the value of the objective function (scour depth) increases. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
24 - Laboratory evaluation of the effect of permeable vanes distance using six-pillar concrete elements on the bend migration
Ebrahim Najjaran Amir Abbas Kamanbedast Mahmood Shafai Bejestan Alireza Masjedi Hooshang HasonizadehPermeable vanes are structures that move the erosion of the outer bank of the river by diverting the erosive flow from the outer arch of the river to its center. In this study, the pattern of erosion and sedimentation around the hydraulic structure in the installation c MorePermeable vanes are structures that move the erosion of the outer bank of the river by diverting the erosive flow from the outer arch of the river to its center. In this study, the pattern of erosion and sedimentation around the hydraulic structure in the installation conditions of different distances from each other has been studied. Six-pillar concrete elements are materials that form a permeable structure overlapping and are applicable without drying the riverbed. These blocks need to be examined for how the structure works. With this concept, in the present study, the performance of this structures were performed in a laboratory channel with a width of 60 cm and a 180 degree flume under different hydraulic conditions (Fr = 0.227, 0.244, 0.261, 0.278). The required data were measured at different distances (5L, 6L, 7L, 8L) with an effective length equal to 20% of the width of the flume (L=12cm). Control experiment was performed in similar conditions to other scenarios without groins construction. Comparison of the results of the control and main experiments showed that the construction of permeable rectangular groin with a distance of 5L had the best efficiency in reducing the maximum depth of scour at the outer bank compared to the control experiments equal to 70.1% and 57.9% in Froud numbers of 0.227 and 0.261, respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
25 - Modeling total sediment load in rivers using artificial neural networks
Amin Falamaki Mahnaz Eskandari Abdolhossein Baghlani Seyed Ahmad AhmadiEstimating total sediment load in rivers is an important and practical issue for water resources planning and management. The sediment concentration can be calculated by both direct and indirect measurements, but direct methods are usually costly and time-consuming. Fur MoreEstimating total sediment load in rivers is an important and practical issue for water resources planning and management. The sediment concentration can be calculated by both direct and indirect measurements, but direct methods are usually costly and time-consuming. Further, total sediment load can be determined by several sediment load transport models. These equations, however, are applicable in certain circumstances, and in most cases the outcomes do not agree with each other and with measured data. The objective of this study was to propose a method based on artificial neural networks (ANN) to predict total sediment load concentration. Consequently, two ANNs including multilayer perceptrone (MLP) and radial basis function (RBF) with 200 data were used for the modeling purposes. For training and testing the ANN models, 75 and 25 percent of data were used, respectively. The input variables were designated to be average flow velocity, average depth, water surface slope, canal width and median particle diameter of sediment, while the models output was total sediment load concentration. The input variables were included to the models step wisely and the results were evaluated to find out the most suitable ANN models. The predicted values were then compared with five known sediment load transport equations. The conducted statistical analyses indicated that ANNs models in particular MLP can provide better prediction for total sediment load with correlation coefficient of 0.96. It was further concluded that to enhance the accuracy of ANN model, training of the network should be accomplished using both hydrological and sediment data. The Ackers and White equation was very overestimating the total sediment load, while all other equations were underestimating. Based on the results obtained in this study, the ANN-based models provide better concurrence with the observed data, particularly MLP network which can reasonably well predict the peak point of total sediment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
26 - Capital Offences (Marg-arzān Sins) in the Middle Persian Texts
نادیا Hajipour مهشید Mirfakhra'iAccording to the Middle Persian texts Marg-arzān is a sin that is punished by death. In the list of the degrees of the sins, Marg-arzān is the heaviest one. Several Middle Persian texts speak about the sin and its punishment, some of them have allotted a whole chapter t MoreAccording to the Middle Persian texts Marg-arzān is a sin that is punished by death. In the list of the degrees of the sins, Marg-arzān is the heaviest one. Several Middle Persian texts speak about the sin and its punishment, some of them have allotted a whole chapter to the subject and other speak about it sporadically. In this article, capital offences and their trial procedures has been surveyed according to Pahlavi texts. Capital offences are divided into the “offenses /sins regarding opposite party (= hamēmālān)” and the “offenses which endanger the soul of the criminal (= ruwānīg)”. Some of the sins such as killing, stealing and perjury have been placed in the group of “hamēmālān” because they harm an opposite party. Other sins, such as converting to another religion, deceiving and burying the dead, have been placed in the group of “ruwānīg” because they harm one own soul. This paper also surveys the legal and religious procedures for punishing the sinners. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
27 - Mapping of Land Use with an Object Base Classification Using WorldView-2 High Resolution Satellite Imagery
yousef taghi mollaei abdolali karamshahi Seyyed Yousef Erfanifard Mehdi HeydariBackground and Objective: Land cover maps are important data for environmental assessment. In this study, the accuracy of preparing the land use map of Haft Boram area of Shiraz with the base object algorithm on the World View 2 satellite images of 2015 has been investi MoreBackground and Objective: Land cover maps are important data for environmental assessment. In this study, the accuracy of preparing the land use map of Haft Boram area of Shiraz with the base object algorithm on the World View 2 satellite images of 2015 has been investigated.Method: In this study, World View 2 images have been used in the forests around Shiraz, which can provide detailed vegetation maps. The method of map preparation analysis is the method of the base object with the decision tree. The work process includes: segmentation, selection and extraction of the desired features including 9 classes with spectral indices, hierarchical classification of the base object and creation of a decision tree to classify the image, and finally classification and evaluating of its accuracy.Findings: The results showed that the classification classes were successful and the overall accuracy was 87.45%. The most accurate classification was obtained in the procedure accuracy for water, forest, crop, and building classes. The highest accuracy is related to water (100%).Discussion and Conclusion: Planting trees and natural forests were recognized by the base object method. Additional coastal bands provide the ability to detect Bayer lands from other vegetation. Distance to tree and shadow play an important role in the identification of buildings. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
28 - Design financing model Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) with (DANP) approch
Bizhan Nosrati Barandagh Abas Toloei Eshlaghi Ehsan Sadeh Zeinolabedin Amini SabeghThe purpose of this paper is to design small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) financing model. The present research is distinct from other papers published on SMEs financing in that it identifies financing criteria using fuzzy screening (FC), considers the relations, MoreThe purpose of this paper is to design small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) financing model. The present research is distinct from other papers published on SMEs financing in that it identifies financing criteria using fuzzy screening (FC), considers the relations, and weighs these criteria using Decision Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory model based on Analytic Network Process (DANP). Statistical population and sample included 23 senior experts of SMEs industries, senior managers of banks, and university professors familiar with the concepts of SMEs financing. The results indicated that 8 dimensions and 20 criteria were identified using FC and expert opinions. Moreover, the results of DANP method showed that attracting new members is the most important criterion of SMEs financing, and loan rate from procuration and proprietary sources of banks is ranked the second. The other criteria were also weighed and ranked. Considering the causal relationships of criteria showed that revaluation of assets is the most effective criterion, and bank loan growth rate is the most affected criterion in SMEs financing. The research findings can enhance decision making and decision taking in financial performance improvement, and experts can be provided with optimal financing practices so as to develop the economy of Iran and growth these enterprises. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
29 - The translation industry in the knowledge-based economy: investment capital, Scientific and Cultural fires
Abdollah Baradaran Mohammadreza ArbabiScientific and cultural investment is an emerging concept in knowledge based economy. Recently, translation in Iran is considered as one of the manifestations of this notion and went under scrutiny. The fact that translation industry has a fundamental concept in today&r MoreScientific and cultural investment is an emerging concept in knowledge based economy. Recently, translation in Iran is considered as one of the manifestations of this notion and went under scrutiny. The fact that translation industry has a fundamental concept in today’s world, causes it’s elements work together systematically and objectively. Although this industry in Iran is newly founded, and it’s formation gets back to 1389, it has been practiced for long and has established numerous scientific and cultural potentials. In this article, the significance and the place of translation industry and it’s role in the transfer of ideology, science and technology will be discussed. The authors also try to answer the question wheather this industry can be used for investment, in a way that can enhance the economic revenue. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
30 - بکارگیری ماتریس عملیاتی جدید برای حل معادلات انتگرال کسری غیرخطی
فائزه سالکی رضا عزتیدر این مقاله یک روش عددی برای حل معادلات انتگرالی کسری غیر خطی (NFIE) بر اساس توابع پایه ی جدیدی که در مرجع ]16[ معرفی شده است، ارائه می گردد. ابتدا، ماتریس های عملیاتی تعمیم و بهبود داده شده تا بتواند مناسب انتگرال های کسری گردند. به کمک انتگرال گیری دقیق، ماتریس Moreدر این مقاله یک روش عددی برای حل معادلات انتگرالی کسری غیر خطی (NFIE) بر اساس توابع پایه ی جدیدی که در مرجع ]16[ معرفی شده است، ارائه می گردد. ابتدا، ماتریس های عملیاتی تعمیم و بهبود داده شده تا بتواند مناسب انتگرال های کسری گردند. به کمک انتگرال گیری دقیق، ماتریس های مذکور به صورت پارامتری بدست می آیند. سپس، روش حل تشریح و بر روی معادلات انتگرالی غیر خطی اعمال می شوند. همچنین، تحلیل خطا صورت گرفته و مرتبه ی همگرایی بدست می آید. علاوه بر آن، مثال های عددی متعددی به ازای مقادیر بازه ی گسترده ای از مرتبه ی کسری بودن معادله و نیز توان جمله های غیر خطی ارائه می گردد. مقایسه ی نتایج با حل دقیق و نیز با نتایجی که در مطالعات پیشین گزارش شده اند توانایی، دقت قابل توجه و نیز برتری روش حاضر را نسبت به روش های مشابه نشان می دهد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
31 - Study the effect of teaching sociological studies with project method on elementary school 6th grade male students’ environmental literacy
sardar akbari maryam sameriAime: the present study has been accomplished with the purpose of “The effect of teaching sociological studies with project method on elementary school 6th grade male students’ environmental literacy”. Methods:The project method was of pseud-experimen MoreAime: the present study has been accomplished with the purpose of “The effect of teaching sociological studies with project method on elementary school 6th grade male students’ environmental literacy”. Methods:The project method was of pseud-experimental kind which were used in pre-test and post-test with group control plans in its accomplishment. The sample of present research comprise 70 male students of elementary school 6th grade in Dist.1 of Urmia City in academic year 2016-2017 that were selected randomly using convenience sampling and were randomly categorized into 2 groups. In the present study, Salehi Omran and Agha Mohamadi’s Environmental Literacy Measurement Tool (2008) was used with approved contextual justifiability and sustainability coefficient of 771/0 for data collecting. For data analyze descriptive statistics (indexes of central tendecy and dispersion) and inferential (T-test of 2 independent groups and Analyze of Covariance (ANCOVA) were used. Results:The results showed that there is an significant difference among the students’ mean grade points in testing and controlling groups regarding their environmental literacy (knowledge, attitude and potentiality) with fault level of 5% (p <05/0) and the difference is in favor of students with the project method. Conclution: Therefore, it can be concluded that using active project teaching method has a positive effect on students’ environmental literacy. Therefore, it is recommended to provide students with the necessary resources to implement a project teaching method in schools in order to increase the environmental literacy of the students. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
32 - Social criticism in Sepehri's Poetry and the Comparison to Basic Science
Javad Qorbani Alireza Iranbakhsh Amir Hossein Mahouzi The present article studies people and the society's view in Sepehri's "The Eight Books" and enjoys the application of basic science (mathematics, geology, biology, chemistry and physics) in order to make more efficiency in his words. Thus the criticism of pe More The present article studies people and the society's view in Sepehri's "The Eight Books" and enjoys the application of basic science (mathematics, geology, biology, chemistry and physics) in order to make more efficiency in his words. Thus the criticism of people's attitudes and behavior as well as social events are studied and the words and basic sciences influences are surveyed. The findings show that Sepehri's critics are of scientific aspect and he enjoyed scientific words, concepts and expressions in some cases and sometimes his views are emotional or mystical; but finally these views contain informative messages for the society. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
33 - تحلیل محتوای کتاب درسی پیامهای آسمان دوره متوسطه اول از منظر توجه به شایستگیهای پایه اخلاقی برنامهدرسی ملی
علی عباسپور علیرضا عصاره مهدی سبحانینژاد قدسی احقر -
Open Access Article
34 - Identification of factors affecting quality improvement of multi-grade classes in Elementary Schools
esmat badakhshan targhi mahbobeh solimanpour omran rokhsareh fazliMulti-grade classes are one of the important strategies of the Ministry of Education in order to provide access to quality education for students in less developed and remote areas with less population. The aim of the present study was to identify the factors affecting MoreMulti-grade classes are one of the important strategies of the Ministry of Education in order to provide access to quality education for students in less developed and remote areas with less population. The aim of the present study was to identify the factors affecting the quality of multi-grade classes. This research was conducted using qualitative approach and thematic analysis method in 1400. The statistical population includes educational leaders, professors of North Khorasan, Razavi and South Khorasan provinces who have teaching experience in multi-level classes or about multi-level classes. The statistical sample of this research is 12 university professors and educational leaders who were selected using the purposeful sampling method. The data was collected using a semi-structured interview based on the principle of saturation. After analyzing the data using review validation by the interviewees, peer review, and note taking, 198 primary codes were obtained, which were grouped into 35 general categories. The model obtained from this research showed that in the quality of multi-grade classes, 5 main themes include professional competence and characteristics related to the teacher, family, physical condition of the class and schools, macro-educational policies and themes related to learners. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
35 - میزان همخوانی برنامهدرسی معارف اسلامی (محتوی و اهداف) دوره عمومی آموزش و پرورش ایران با اهداف (شایستگیهای پایه) سند تفصیلی برنامهدرسی ملی
محمد علی احمدوند محمد رحیم نوری محمد غفاری -
Open Access Article
36 - بررسی تحولات ساختار اشتغال با بهرهگیری از تکنیکهای تحلیل اقتصادی؛ مورد پژوهی: استان سیستان و بلوچستان
زهرا سادات (سعیده) زرآبادی مهدیه توفیقی محمدی -
Open Access Article
37 - Research rate of in vitro proliferation Malling apple (Malus domestica) rootstocks cv. M26 and cv. MM106
Elham Zarin kamar Taher Nejad Satari Farah Farahani Zahra NoormohammadiApple belong to Malus Miller genus. Today, more of 10000 varieties known in the world, some of varieties are economic , resistance to diseases and sexual proliferation of ability. The vegetative rootstock (M26 and MM106) are early harvesting, yield is high and effect on MoreApple belong to Malus Miller genus. Today, more of 10000 varieties known in the world, some of varieties are economic , resistance to diseases and sexual proliferation of ability. The vegetative rootstock (M26 and MM106) are early harvesting, yield is high and effect on quality of fruits. The subject of project is research kinds vegetative rootstock of varieties and number of subculture on rate of in vitro proliferation. The basal medium culture MS (Murashige , Skoog, 1962) supplemented with BAP (2 mg/l) and IAA (0.5 mg/l) have prepared. In M26 rootstock, length of stem (1.11 cm) increased during the second and third subcuktures. In mm106 and M26, maximum number of leaves (18.7 and 9.2) produced in two subculture and such as, length of stem elongated during the first subculture. The length of shoot and number of leaves increased with repetitive subcultures but on effected on branching.Apple belong to Malus Miller genus. Today, more of 10000 varieties known in the world, some of varieties are economic , resistance to diseases and sexual proliferation of ability. The vegetative rootstock (M26 and MM106) are early harvesting, yield is high and effect on quality of fruits. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
38 - Analysis of the Syntactic Layers in Zayn al-Akhbar by Gardizi
Shaban ShafieNassab mohammadali gozashti alieh yoseffamZayn al-Akhbar, by Abu Sa’id Abd al-Hayy Gardizi, isa history book that narrates the general history and incidents of Iran up to the year of 443 (AH), when it was written. The book has a simple and concise style resembling the Samanids’. It comprises short a MoreZayn al-Akhbar, by Abu Sa’id Abd al-Hayy Gardizi, isa history book that narrates the general history and incidents of Iran up to the year of 443 (AH), when it was written. The book has a simple and concise style resembling the Samanids’. It comprises short and connected sentences linked together with the coordinating conjunction “and”, specified by the term “coordinate style”. The frequency of Arabic words is a little more than that of the Samanid prose. Yet, it is somehow the continuation of the same prose of the Samanids era in terms of its stylistic features such as repetition, collocations, as well as the oldness of the text and its syntactic patterns. This is a descriptive-analytic paper. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
39 - اثربخشی الگوی درمانی بر پایه طرحواره درمانی و درمان متمرکز بر شفقت بر رضایتمندی زناشویی در زنان متعارض با طرحوارههای ناسازگار اولیه مربوط به حوزه بریدگی و طرد
فرزانه عمادیفر محمدحسین فلاح یخدانی سعید وزیری یزدی زهرا چابکی نژاد -
Open Access Article
40 - Germination modeling of Eryngium caeruleum seeds with hydro thermal time model
Mohammad Lotfi asle giglo Mostafa Oveisi Hamid Rahimian- mashhadi Behnaz Pourmorad kaleibar Mohammad Hossein NaeimiThis study was conducted to evaluate the effect of temperature and moisture on germination of Eryngium caeruleum seeds as factorial experiment in a completely randomized design with three replications at weed science laboratory, college of agriculture and natural resour MoreThis study was conducted to evaluate the effect of temperature and moisture on germination of Eryngium caeruleum seeds as factorial experiment in a completely randomized design with three replications at weed science laboratory, college of agriculture and natural resources, university of Tehran. Factors were seven temperatures (5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 and 35°c) and seven levels of moisture (0, -2, -4, -6, -8, -10 and -12 bar) and hydro thermal time model used for description of Eryngium caeruleum germination. Germination parameters including base temperature (Tb), optimum temperature (To), the minimum moisture needed for start of germination (Wpb), decreasing coefficient (b) and standard deviation (Sigma) were obtained 2.39, 23.52, -0.93, 0.13 and 0.34 respectively, affected by different levels of temperature and moisture by using hydro thermal time model. The results also showed that germination percentage and rate increased up to -4 bar in base temperature and these germination characteristics reached to their highest level in optimum temperature. According to the results of this study, it can be said that the seeds of Eryngium caeruleum do not have resistance to the water stress at very low and very high temperatures, and have the maximum resistance at 20°c. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
41 - مدل سازی جوانه زنی کلزای خودرو تحت تأثیر دما و پتانسیل آب: مدل هیدروترمال تایم
Elyas Soltani Mostafa Oveisi Afshin Soltani Seraleh Galeshi Farshid Ghaderifar Ebrahim Zeinali -
Open Access Article
42 - Handoff Optimization for Joint Base Station Association and Power Control with Proportional Fairness in NOMA Small-Cell Networks
Sina Pirnia Hamidreza Bakhshi Mohamad Dosaranian-Moghadam Ramin KhosraviThe handoff rate and load balancing are two important issues that have a great impact on the spectrum and energy efficiency in the small cell networks. This paper investigates the handoff optimization in small cell networks with power-domain non-orthogonal multiple acce MoreThe handoff rate and load balancing are two important issues that have a great impact on the spectrum and energy efficiency in the small cell networks. This paper investigates the handoff optimization in small cell networks with power-domain non-orthogonal multiple access that uses successive interference cancellation, considering the fairness among base stations. We study the joint base station association and power control problem by considering the motion of mobile users and load balancing in the small cell networks. Under the maximum allowable transmit power and minimum average-rate constraints, two optimization problems are formulated using the number of associated mobile users, the number of handoffs, and the transmit power of all MUs. The total power consumption minimization and the system-wide and handoff utility maximization problems are combined into a single-stage optimization problem through the weighted sum method. We solve the formulated problem using a game theory-based algorithm and primal decomposition theory. The simulation results show that our proposed algorithm can significantly reduce the frequent handoffs and bring a fair power-controlled BS association in small cell networks. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
43 - Identification of time-varying systems with smooth changes using basic Legendre functions
Amir Yaghubi Hossein Rouzegar Mehrzad NasirianIn this paper, we identify "variable time systems with slow changes" using Legendre basic functions. Physical phenomena behave with time-varying behavior for a variety of reasons. To model these systems, we need models with time-dependent parameters. In this paper, in o MoreIn this paper, we identify "variable time systems with slow changes" using Legendre basic functions. Physical phenomena behave with time-varying behavior for a variety of reasons. To model these systems, we need models with time-dependent parameters. In this paper, in order to identify, we consider a system that has time-varying parameters with slow changes. Select the input of this time-varying system of PRBS type, which is a frequency-rich signal. The results for noise cases are also largely acceptable. In this article, the system in question is called STV system for short. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
44 - The electronic and molecular structures of some new Cu(II) complexes with tripodal amine ligands: DFT studies
محمد چهکندی Mohammad Reza MeisamiThe new anticancer complexes with tripodal ligands formulated [Cu(pmea)Cl] (1), [Cu(pmap)Cl] (2),[Cu(bpdmpz)Cl] (3), [Cu(bdmpzp)Cl] (4), and [Cu(tdmpza)Cl] (5) have been used for calculations at B3LYP/LANL2DZ/6-311+G (d, p) level of density functional theory (DFT). Thei MoreThe new anticancer complexes with tripodal ligands formulated [Cu(pmea)Cl] (1), [Cu(pmap)Cl] (2),[Cu(bpdmpz)Cl] (3), [Cu(bdmpzp)Cl] (4), and [Cu(tdmpza)Cl] (5) have been used for calculations at B3LYP/LANL2DZ/6-311+G (d, p) level of density functional theory (DFT). Their CIFs with CCDC (1) 1491458 (2) 1491471, (3) 1558493, (4) 1558493, and (5) 15584496 show that they crystallizes in triclinic, monoclinic, monoclinic, triclinic, and monoclinic systems, respectively. The structural comparison of the mentioned complexes could followed through their physicochemical properties such as, electronic transmission in UV-Visible spectroscopy, chemical shift of metal center NMR, total energy, and frontier molecular orbitals (FMOs) energy. The relation of structure especially ligand electron donating ability with these properties has been discussed. The calculated electronic absorption spectra show electron-transition bands of intra-ligand charge transfer (ILCT) with π → π*, metal to ligand charge transfer (MLCT) with π* → n (d), and ligand to metal charge transfer (LMCT) with π →n(d) and MLCT with * n(d) → π character for 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
45 - Experimental Analysis of Temperature and Nanoparticles Content Effect on Properties of Al6061-SiC Nanocomposite Samples Fabricated by Warm Dynamic Compaction
G.H. Majzoobi H. Bakhtiari A. Atrian -
Open Access Article
46 - Comparison of the efficacy cognitive behavioral therapy and acceptance and commitment therapy on signs in stimulants substance users (Methamphetamine)
Ali Rahimi Nadereh Sohrabi Azarmidokht Rezayei Serus SarvghadThe purpose of this Study was to compare the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy and acceptance and commitment therapy on signs of stimulants substance users (Methamphetamine). The statistical population of this study were all male substance users (methampheta MoreThe purpose of this Study was to compare the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy and acceptance and commitment therapy on signs of stimulants substance users (Methamphetamine). The statistical population of this study were all male substance users (methamphetamin) who were refered to treatment centers in Shiraz . Participant in this study were 28 methamphetamine users selected in a purposive sampling method who were assigned to three groups randomly: two test groups an one control group, one test group received intervention based on group cognitive-behavioral therapy -matrix-model; the other test group received intervention according to group therapy based on acceptance and commitment. Twenty four sessions of 45-minute therapy were given to test groups; whereas control group received no intervention. Assigned Tool involved: Signs Substance Use Questionnaire. (Ghodradi, 1389). All participants responded to before and after the intervention, and 3 months follow up. was use analysis of covariance test and Tukey post hoc test . The results search showed the between effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral group therapy and control group 2- the between effectiveness of group therapy based on acceptance and commitment control group 3- between efficacy cognitive behavioral group therapy and acceptance and commitment group therapy was significant difference on the reducing signs in substance user at post-test and follow up (p<0/001). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
47 - Investigating Construct Validity of Emotional Working Memory via the Cognitive–Emotional-Social Working Memory Training Package in 5th Grade Female Elementary School Students in Tehran
mozhgan hassani mohammad ali nadi ilnaz sajjadianThis study aimed to investigate construct validity of emotional working memory via the cognitive–emotional-social working memory training package in 5th grade female elementary school students in Tehran. The research employed a pretest-posttest and follow-up semi- MoreThis study aimed to investigate construct validity of emotional working memory via the cognitive–emotional-social working memory training package in 5th grade female elementary school students in Tehran. The research employed a pretest-posttest and follow-up semi-experimental research design with the control group. The statistical population consisted of all 5th grade female students of Tehran during the academic year 2015-2016. Those students with working memory impairment were selected via multi-stage cluster random sampling using the Wechsler Software Working Memory Scale. Then, from among them, 40 students were randomly selected and divided into two 20-participant experimental and control groups. The cognitive-emotional-social working memory training was performed in 20 sessions for the experimental group. Before and after the intervention and two months later (follow up), participants answered to the Wechsler Software Working Memory Scale (Khodadadi, Mashhadi and Amani, 2009) and emotional working memory (Ladouceur, Silk, Dahl, Ostapenko, Kronhaus, & Phillips, 2009). The research data were analyzed using ANCOVA. According to the results of the study, the cognitive-emotional-social working memory training significantly improved the attention performance and emotional working memory (P > 0.01). As a result, emotional working memory enjoys acceptable construct validity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
48 - The Effectiveness of Educational Intelligence Training Based on Gardner's Multiple Intelligence Theory on Emotional Intelligence and Creativity in Isfahan female Students
khatereh bozorgmehri bozarjomehri fariba hafezi parviz askary Behnam Makvandi Reza PashaThe purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of educational method of intelligence education based on Gardner multiple intelligence theory on emotional intelligence, creativity of female students. The research method was semi experimental with pretest de MoreThe purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of educational method of intelligence education based on Gardner multiple intelligence theory on emotional intelligence, creativity of female students. The research method was semi experimental with pretest design and control group. The statistical population consisted of all 5th and 6th grade students in Isfahan city in the academic year of 1391-97. The sampling method was multi-stage cluster sampling. Therefore, 30 students of a school were selected and assigned to experimental and control groups (each group was 15). The research data were collected using bar-on emotional intelligence and Abdi’s creativity and analyzed using single-variable and multivariate covariance analysis. The results of the study showed that the intelligence approach based on Gardner multiple intelligence theory improved emotional intelligence (interpersonal relationships, p Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
49 - Prediction of Elementary School Student’s Machiavellian Beliefs by Parenting Styles The Prediction of Machiavellian beliefs of elementary students based on parenting styles
zahra eshami chehrazi Maryam Ghorbani Asghar AghaeiThe purpose of this research was to explore the role of the children's Machiavellian beliefs in predicting parenting styles. The research method was descriptive statistical population included all fourth and fifth grade elementary school students and their mothers in th MoreThe purpose of this research was to explore the role of the children's Machiavellian beliefs in predicting parenting styles. The research method was descriptive statistical population included all fourth and fifth grade elementary school students and their mothers in the academic year in Isfahan in 2014-2015. Therefore 361 (177 boys and 184 girls) elementary school students and their mothers were selected as the sample using cluster random sampling from the five areas of education.Research tools included Parenting Styles Questionnaire (Baumrind, 1972) and Machiavellian Beliefs Scale for Children (Christie & Geis, 1970).The data was analyzed using by stepwise regression. The results of regression analysis showed that authoritarian parenting style is 16% can predict Machiavellian beliefs in this level (p< 0.01). According to the results of this study can be said the authoritarian parenting style has a negative effect on children’s Cognitive development and their social behaviors because of its authoritarian governing structure, lack of discussion, and Lack of attention to children's needs. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
50 - Effect of group therapy based on choice theory on emotional control and life expectancy in patients with MS in Tehran
Zahra Kazemabadi Farahani Abolfazl karamiMultiple sclerosis (MS) is considered as one of the most important causes of mortality and disability in advanced and developing countries. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of group therapy on emotional control and life expectancy in MS patie MoreMultiple sclerosis (MS) is considered as one of the most important causes of mortality and disability in advanced and developing countries. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of group therapy on emotional control and life expectancy in MS patients based on the choice theory. This quasi-experimental study was conducted with pre-test and post-test design along with control group. The statistical population consisted of all MS patients referring to the MS Association of Tehran in 2017. Williams' Emotional Control Questionnaire and Miller's Life Expectancy Questionnaire were used. Data were analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics using covariance analysis. The results showed that reality therapy based on choice theory was effective on emotional control and life expectancy. There is a significant difference between patients with MS in experimental and control groups, at least for one of the variables of life expectancy and emotional control. Reality therapy can improve psychological state of the patients with MS and increases their life expectancy through bringing the qualitative world closer to the real world of the patients. It can lead to self-esteem and motivation, life expectancy and effective management of negative emotional control. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
51 - Comparison of the effectiveness of teaching by mastering learning methods Meaningful learning and intelligent learning on basic mathematical concepts of second grade male elementary students in Isfahan
mohammadreza ghasemi Maryam Chorami reza ahmadi ahmad ghazanfariAbstractThe aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of mastery learning, meaningful learning and e-learning on the basic mathematical concepts of second grade male students in Isfahan. The research method was quasi-experimental (pre-test, post-test and follow MoreAbstractThe aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of mastery learning, meaningful learning and e-learning on the basic mathematical concepts of second grade male students in Isfahan. The research method was quasi-experimental (pre-test, post-test and follow-up with the control group). The statistical population of this study included all second grade elementary students in Isfahan with a total number of approximately 65,000 students in the academic year 1399-1399. The sample size was selected based on pre-test, post-test and follow-up methods with a control group of 200 students. Four areas were randomly selected by stepwise cluster sampling method, and were divided into 4 groups of 25 people.The three groups of learning in a mastery, meaningful and intelligent way, in addition to participating in their normal classes such as the control group, each received their own intervention. The research tool was a test of basic mathematical concepts. Before and after the sessions, the basic math concepts test was taken from the control group and all 3 educational groups, and after two months, follow-up was performed. Analysis of covariance was used for analysis and the groups were compared in terms of post-test and follow-up. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
52 - The Structural Impact of Attachment Styles on Perceived Competency Mediated by Dignity in Fourth, Fifth, and Sixth Grade Elementary Students
parisa khojasteh jalal Davood Manavipour Mojtaba Sedaghati FardThe aim of this study was the structural effect of attachment styles on perceived competency mediated by self-esteem in fourth, fifth and sixth grade elementary students. This study was a descriptive-analytical correlational study. The statistical population included al MoreThe aim of this study was the structural effect of attachment styles on perceived competency mediated by self-esteem in fourth, fifth and sixth grade elementary students. This study was a descriptive-analytical correlational study. The statistical population included all students of the second year of elementary school (fourth, fifth and sixth) in the city of Quds in 2019-2020. The sample consisted of 400 fourth, fifth and sixth grade elementary students 200 girls and 200 boys) who were selected by simple random sampling and completed The Harter Children's Self-Perception Profile, Coopersmith's Self-Esteem Questionnaire, and The Kinship Center Attachment Questionnaire. Pearson correlation and structural equation modeling were used using SPSS version 24 and LiserL 8 software. The results showed that attachment styles predict competency perception, directly and through self-esteem. The results of this study showed that planners and counselors to pay attention to the important and fundamental role of self-esteem and attachment styles to increase competence perception in students and to promote them by holding workshops. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
53 - Comparing the effect of behavioral parenting training of mothers social skilled training of children on emotional regulation and behavioral symptoms of oppositional defiant disorder in fourth grade male students
Farid Saeedeh hasan mirzahoseini Nader MonirpourThe aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of behavioral parenting training to mothers with training social skills to children on emotional regulation and symptoms of oppositional defiant disorder in children. The method of this research was semi-experimenta MoreThe aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of behavioral parenting training to mothers with training social skills to children on emotional regulation and symptoms of oppositional defiant disorder in children. The method of this research was semi-experimental and including pre-test-post-test designs with two experimental groups and one control group. The statistical population of the study included fourth grade male students and their mothers who had referred to psychology clinics in Tehran District 5 between August and September 2020. From the mentioned community, 50 children with oppositional defiant disorder who met the inclusion criteria were selected and 45 of them were assigned to three groups of 15 according to Morgan table by purposive sampling method. The sessions of the experimental group consisted of 12 90-minute sessions in which children were taught social skills in one of the experimental groups. In the other experimental group, mothers of children received behavioral parenting training and the control group did not receive any intervention until the end of the study. In order to assess the participants, DSM 5 criteria were used to diagnose oppositional defiant disorder and the (Shields & Cicchetti, 1997) Emotion Regulation Checklist and (Achenbach's, 1991) Child Behavior Checklist. In order to analyze the data, descriptive statistics, analysis of covariance and pairwise comparison were used by Sidak test. The results showed that both methods were effective for emotional regulation and behavioral symptoms (P<0.05), but no significant difference was observed between the two methods for research variables and their dimensions (P>0.05). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
54 - A comparative study on the effects of three methods of group education of academic vitality, positivism, and time perspective on academic engagement and academic vitality of ninth-grade male students
Mohsen sharifi mozhgan arefi asghar aghaeiThe present study aimed to compare the effects of group education of academic vitality, positivism, and time perspective on academic engagement and academic vitality of ninth-grade male students in Isfahan. This study was a quasi-experimental research with a four-group MoreThe present study aimed to compare the effects of group education of academic vitality, positivism, and time perspective on academic engagement and academic vitality of ninth-grade male students in Isfahan. This study was a quasi-experimental research with a four-group three-stage design. The statistical population of the study included ninth-grade male students in the academic year of 2020-2021. The sample size included 72 ninth- grade students who were selected by purposeful sampling method. Data measurement tools included Academic Engagement Questionnaire (Fredericks, Blumenfeld & Paris, 2004) and Academic Vitality Questionnaire (Dehghanizadeh & Huseinchari, 2013). Data were analyzed by repeated measures analysis of variance. These analyzes were performed using SPSS-22 software. The results revealed a significant difference among the groups in the scores of academic engagement and scores of academic vitality in the studied methods (P <0.05). School counselors and psychologists who want to improve students' academic engagement and vitality are recommended to use workshops on the effectiveness of educational vitality, positivism, and time perspective as much as possible. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
55 - Analysis of teachers' views about the problems of project descriptive qualitative evaluation in multigrade classrooms and providing solutions to eliminate them
Heshmatollah Mortazavizadeh Mohammad Reza nilli Ahmad Reza Nasr Isfahani Mohammad HasaniThis research aimed to identify barriers of descriptive qualitative evaluation and improvement of this plan was multigrade classrooms. This study employed Qualitative research methods and purpose the can be considered as an applied method. The study employed teachers fr MoreThis research aimed to identify barriers of descriptive qualitative evaluation and improvement of this plan was multigrade classrooms. This study employed Qualitative research methods and purpose the can be considered as an applied method. The study employed teachers from Kohgiluyeh and Boyer province. The samples were selected purposively and was according to saturation reached up to 20 people. The data collection instrumentation was interview hat After presenting the the research objectives and the emphasis on the principle of confidentiality, was written and recorded interviews with each teacher. Descriptive analysis was used to analyze collected the data and the findings were elaborated in detail. The results found that: lack of time, different grades in a classroom, preference of quantitative evaluation than descriptive qualitative, lack of descriptive quantitative in education and lack of supports for teachers in the field of project evaluation, students distraction while evaluation, lack of space, educational materials, included the most important problems of the. quality-descriptive report on the issue from the interviewees perspective had been multigrade classrooms. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
56 - Localized curriculum,undeniable necessity for multigrade classes
samane taherizade rasoul shabanyThe curriculum planning of multigrade classes is a challenging topic in advanced and developing countries. In these countries, curriculum planning of multigrade classes is considered to be essential in terms of necessity, efficiency and practicality. This review article MoreThe curriculum planning of multigrade classes is a challenging topic in advanced and developing countries. In these countries, curriculum planning of multigrade classes is considered to be essential in terms of necessity, efficiency and practicality. This review article is based on a library methodology and review articles that are based on databases such as Irandoc, sid, Magiran, Noormags and Googol Scholar was searched and by presenting some theoretical concepts and the results of research in this field, the reasons for the need to pay more attention to the national curriculum into multigrade classes and the formulation of a special curriculum for these classes has been explained. The paper studies concluded that multigrade classes are one of the neglected aspects of the national curriculum, and given the existence of these classes in our country's formal education system, it is necessary to provide the necessary structures and supports for qualitative education in these conditions. Therefore, the provision of a localized curriculum for these classes is an indispensable necessity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
57 - The impact of descriptive evaluation on reading and writing skills of the fourth grade students of elementary schools
Kavoos Ghobadi Hojjatollah Fani vida FallahiThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of descriptive evaluation on reading and writing skills of the fourth grade elementary school students in the Gachsaran city villages. The method of research was Quasi-experimental. Isfahan standard tests of reading and w MoreThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of descriptive evaluation on reading and writing skills of the fourth grade elementary school students in the Gachsaran city villages. The method of research was Quasi-experimental. Isfahan standard tests of reading and writing skills and also the teacher-made exams have been used for gathering the data. The sample of this research was including 84 students in the fourth grade of elementary schools. The experimental group was undergone the descriptive method of evaluation and the control group was undergone the traditional evaluation method. Covariance analysis was used to test the hypotheses of the study. The research results indicated that the descriptive evaluation method had a significant effect on both of reading and writing skills of the students. On the other hand, the findings displayed that the reading skills of boys in descriptive evaluative group were better than the boys in the traditional group and the writing skills of the girls in descriptive evaluating group were better than the girls in the traditional group. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
58 - The content analysis of 7th grade science textbook's exercises based on Suchman inquiry model
Razieh Karimi Mohsen khademiThe purpose of this research was the content analysis of 7th grade science textbook's exercises based on Suchman's inquiry model. The method of this research was content analysis and the statistical population were the exercises of 7th grade science textbook (activity, MoreThe purpose of this research was the content analysis of 7th grade science textbook's exercises based on Suchman's inquiry model. The method of this research was content analysis and the statistical population were the exercises of 7th grade science textbook (activity, discussion, collecting information, testing yourself, thinking, experiment). Exercise was the unit of analysis and the criteria were phases of inquiry model. The result showed that among 156 exercises only 49 exercises (31%) were based on inquiry model; among the six exercises, experiment with the frequency of 24(48/97%) and testing yourself with no frequency had the most and the least frequency. Other result showed that among those 49 exercises, gathering data with frequency of 17(34/69%) had the most frequency; collecting information with frequency of 2(4/08%) and hypothesizing with frequency of 5(10/20%) had the least frequency. Totally, the result shows that the book hasn't regarded inquiry model very much so it's necessary to pay more attention to "inquiry model" and preparing students for real life. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
59 - Compare the effects of teaching environmental issues by participatory image-concept method and conventional method on learning, retention and nature relatedness (NR) of fifth grade students
farokh faizi Hossein Mahdizadeh Shirzad AghaeiThis study aims to investigate and compare the effect of implementing the teaching model of partnership image concept and common method of teaching on learning and retention of environmental concepts and the amount of naturalism among students of elementary school fifth MoreThis study aims to investigate and compare the effect of implementing the teaching model of partnership image concept and common method of teaching on learning and retention of environmental concepts and the amount of naturalism among students of elementary school fifth grade. The methodology of a survey was semi-experimental with pretest and posttest carried out for the control group. The population included elementary fifth-grade students in the city of Mahidasht, Kermanshah in the school year of 1391-92 and the sample included 38 persons in two classes and was chosen according to principle random assignment of subjects in groups. In both groups (treatment and control) the subjects witnessed the concept of human relation and the environment using the method of concept image based on based on partnership and common methods, respectively. To collect data, the teacher-made test of learning, retention and the scale of having relation with nature by Nesbit and et al (2009) were used. The validity was confirmed based on the idea of experts’ and the reliability was calculated according to a retesting method as well as correlation equal to 79%. The survey results showed that the learning and retention functionality of students taught with partnership image concept model were higher than other group and in terms of naturalism; the treatment subjects had the more positive viewpoint on nature than the control group. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
60 - Designing the curriculum based on inquiry of the sixth grade elementary experimental science
Zahra Ejadi Maryam Seifnaraghi Ezatolah NaderiThe aim of this study is to design the experimental science curriculum of sixth grade elementary school using inquiry-based approach and its evaluation from the perspective of curriculum specialists and relevant teachers. This study is applied research which is done acc MoreThe aim of this study is to design the experimental science curriculum of sixth grade elementary school using inquiry-based approach and its evaluation from the perspective of curriculum specialists and relevant teachers. This study is applied research which is done according to Descriptive-Survey method. The population of study includes all sixth grade teachers of Esfarayen city (130 people) and curriculum specialists of North and Razavi Khorasan state (40 people) which are studied by census manner. To collect the data, library method and a researcher-made questionnaire includes 40 questions in four sections: objective, content, teaching methods and evaluation are used. The validity confirmed by specialists and reliability through Cronbach's alpha was 98%. Researcher for designing the program studies the history and documentation on the matter research. And based on the obtained information, designs the program and then put it in the form of a questionnaire to the respondents. To analyze the data, SPSS software and descriptive statistics (frequency tables and percentage) and inferential statistics (Chi-square test) are used. Some obtained results in this study are features of four elements (goal, content, teaching methods and evaluation) of the research-based curriculum of sixth grade experimental science which is approved with Specialists and concerned teachers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
61 - The experiences of students in Sixth Basic elementary school of social studies
Robabeh Rahimi Roghayyeh Vahdat javad keyhanthe goal of this research, The study of the living experience of the sixth grade students was a lesson in social studies. The method of qualitative research was using the phenomenological approach. The statistical population of the study was 6th grade elementary school Morethe goal of this research, The study of the living experience of the sixth grade students was a lesson in social studies. The method of qualitative research was using the phenomenological approach. The statistical population of the study was 6th grade elementary school students in Urmia. The sampling method was purposeful and continued to saturation data, which eventually saturated with 15 students. Semi-structured and exploratory interviews were used to collect data. For analyzing the data, a 7-step subject analysis Collaizzi method was used. Analyze Students' Perspective in 3 Subject Area(Culture and identity, social system, resources and) economic activities led to the identification code 311 primary, 30 sub themes and features 6 orginal themes Islamic Cultural Features (The culture of choosing a friend, the Islamic-Iranian cover, the culture of decision-making), Critical Thinking (Cultural comparison of Iran with neighboring countries, cultural comparison of different regions of Iran, existence of different religious religions in the country), Understanding community issues (Social participation, coordination and order in the military parade, unity in holding congregational prayers, social rights, The existence of a border between countries for having social security, driving traffic rules), Responsibility for yourself (personal rights, daily planning, having an order in doing things, Observe the criteria for choosing friends, respecting the right decision criteria), Understanding the talents of the country (fossil resources, resources and oilfields, gas refinery, new energy (Wind turbines, solar power plants, water turbines), Optimal use of resources (saving power, Solar energy conversion to electrical energy). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
62 - Mathematical Misunderstandings and their Causes in Fourth Grade Elementary School Students Based on the Lived Experiences of Farhangian University Graduates: (A Qualitative study)
Sareh Haghkhah Azar Davoodi َAmeneh AmiriThe purpose of this study was to explore the experiences of new teachers in the field of recognizing and dealing with the mathematical misunderstandings and their causes in the fourth grade elementary school students. This research was qualitative with a phenomenologica MoreThe purpose of this study was to explore the experiences of new teachers in the field of recognizing and dealing with the mathematical misunderstandings and their causes in the fourth grade elementary school students. This research was qualitative with a phenomenological approach. The participants were 10 teachers who were graduated from Fars Farhangian University and had experiences of teaching mathematics in the fourth grade of elementary, which were selected by a purposive sampling for interview until the data were saturated. The data collection method was in-depth semi-structured interview. The thematic analysis method was used to analyze the data. The findings showed that, 111 basic themes, 19 organizing themes and 2 comprehensive themes were formed under the title of mathematical misunderstandings and their causes. By analyzing the extracted themes, it can be realized that the participants had a relatively good knowledge of mathematical misunderstandings. They considered the heavy content of the fourth grade mathematics textbook and its incompatibility with the cognitive development of the students and the lack of time to present the concepts as the most important causes of mathematical misunderstandings in this grade. Therefore, by reviewing the content of the fourth- grade mathematics textbook, it can be expected that a more appropriate platform for the mathematic teaching _learning process and preventing misunderstandings should be provided. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
63 - The effect of teaching by making use of tracking and pursuing continuity of learning of the 9th grade students on learning mathematics course
Seyedeh Narjes Daryabegy Narges YaftianThe main goal of the research is the study of effects of method of pursuing the continuity of learning the mathematics course of students in improvement the learning level of students by making use of tracking. The population of this research consists of students of the MoreThe main goal of the research is the study of effects of method of pursuing the continuity of learning the mathematics course of students in improvement the learning level of students by making use of tracking. The population of this research consists of students of the ninth grade of girls’ schools of Ninth District of Education Administration in Tehran. In this study, 114 students of ninth grade were selected by two different high schools, based on one-phase cluster sampling method. The tools of measurement consist of repeated tests at three-week intervals. After accomplishing of the first examination, the students were divided between two groups: the first level group and the second level group. The validity and reliability of the tests were approved by some specialists and experienced mathematics teachers, who were teaching in ninth grade. The reliability coefficient for examinations of Kuder-Richardson was acquired 91% that shows suitable position for reliability examination. The result of analyses in variance of repeated measurements by making use of SPSS20 software shows that the students who were taught by this method comparatively improved their learning. By pursuing students’ learning of mathematics, the basic problem of them in understanding mathematics subjects is concisely specified and the teacher can accord her/his own method of teaching to students’ learning needs. The findings of this research show that pursuing students’ learning of mathematics by using placement test method, increase their marks by improving their understanding of mathematics. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
64 - Systematic review of multigrade classrooms studies
sara ebrahimiThe purpose of this study was to systematic review the studies of multigrade classrooms in Iran in order to classify and provide an overview of the challenges and the solutions identified and to analyze them. The present study was conducted by a qualitative method of sy MoreThe purpose of this study was to systematic review the studies of multigrade classrooms in Iran in order to classify and provide an overview of the challenges and the solutions identified and to analyze them. The present study was conducted by a qualitative method of systematic review. Reliable research were conducted by electronic search keywords of multigrade classroom, multigrade education and multigrade teaching in the databases of SID, Noormags, Google Scholar, Irandoc, Magiran, Comprehensive Portal of Humanities and The University of Tehran’s Scientific Journals Database the period of 1396-1386. The process of identification, screening, qualification, and inclusion in the sample study was performed based on the PRISMA statement. In the searches, 204 studies were identified for systematic review. After eliminating duplicates and screening, finally, 35 studies that met the inclusion criteria were selected & analyzed. The selected documents were reviewed based on qualitative meta-analysis. In the analysis of multigrade classrooms challenges, findings indicated 5 main categories of challenges including challenges related to teachers, students, society and environment, curriculum elements and multigrade system which were examined separately or in combination. Also, in reviewing the research, the main solution to address each of these challenges was to design and develop a curriculum consistent with the characteristics of the local community. A program that is faithful to the national curriculum on the one hand and to the realities of the multigrade classrooms and the local community on the other. Accordingly, it is suggested that the national curriculum be modified in collaboration with teachers and multigrade experts, so that the curriculum of single-grade classrooms can be adapted and integrated based on the multigrade curriculum. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
65 - Comparison of visual and digital interpretation methods of land use/cover mapping in Ardabil province
Azad Kakeh Mami Ardavan Ghorbani Farshad Kayvan Behjoo Amir Mirzaei MosivandLand use/cover mapping is one of the most common applications of remote sensing data. Remote sensing data by providing updated digital information, repetitive coverage, reduce costs and the possibility of processing and high potential for the preparation of land use/cov MoreLand use/cover mapping is one of the most common applications of remote sensing data. Remote sensing data by providing updated digital information, repetitive coverage, reduce costs and the possibility of processing and high potential for the preparation of land use/cover maps in natural resources, is of paramount importance. In this study, the land use and cover map prepared using Google Earth and the Operational Land Imager image sensor (OLI) of Landsat 8 satellite and methods of visual interpretation (GE images), supervised classification, neural networks and object-based classification methods (Landsat 8 images), and compared with each other. In order to evaluate the accuracy of the classification, the overall accuracy, Kappa coefficient, producer’s accuracy and user’s accuracy were used. The results showed that the visual interpretation method with overall accuracy and Kappa coefficient of 99.4 and 0.99, in comparison to the object-based, supervised and artificial neural networks (with an overall accuracy of 94, 82 and 60.8, and a Kappa coefficient of 0.92, 0.77 and 0.50) are more reliable. According to the map of visual interpretation, the rangelands with an area of 946687 ha and water bodies in the area of 217.42 ha were the largest and smallest land use/covers, respectively. In terms of accuracy, the visual interpretation method using Google Earth images had the highest accuracy, but it is time-consuming and cost-effective. In contrast, object-based method with acceptable accuracy and with low cost and time is the best method for land use/cover mapping. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
66 - Comparison of object-oriented and pixel-based classification methods for land use mapping (Case study: Isfahan-Borkhar, Najafabad and Chadegan plains)
Sedigheh Ghafari Hamid Reza Moradi Reza ModarresChange detection algorithms of remote sensing image can be divided into two categories: pixel-based and object-oriented, according to the minimum processing unit. This paper deals with the comparison between application of pixel-based and object-oriented approaches in l MoreChange detection algorithms of remote sensing image can be divided into two categories: pixel-based and object-oriented, according to the minimum processing unit. This paper deals with the comparison between application of pixel-based and object-oriented approaches in land use classification in Isfahan-Borkhar, Najafabad and Chadegan plains and evaluation of land use changes with Landsat TM (1985) and OLI (2015) data during the study period. The object-oriented approach involved the segmentation of image data into objects with multi-resolution segmentation algorithm by eCognition software. Then objects were assigned and classified with the nearest neighbour algorithm in object-oriented classification The supervised pixel-based classification involved the selection of training areas and a classification using a maximum likelihood algorithm. Accuracy assessments of both classifications were undertaken. The results show better overall accuracy (higher 90%) of the object-oriented classification over the pixel-based classification. The land use maps indicate that residential area is increased 2.09, 9.66 and 3.74% and rangeland area is decreased 7.48, 10.94 and 17.73% in Isfahan-Borkhar, Najafabad and Chadegan plains in the study period, respectively. In Chadegan plain the increase in agriculture and fallow land use has been equal to 8.31 and 5.64%, respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
67 - Determination of quantity and allocation disagreement indices in selection of appropriate algorithm for land use classification in pixel and objected base in Gorgarood river basin
Mahboobeh Hajibigloo Vahed Berdi Sheikh Hadi Memarian Chooghi Bairam KomakiLand cover and land use are an important variable in natural land processes. Land use change in environmental protection programs and natural resource management plays an important role in the intensification of natural crises such as floods. The Gorganrood River basin MoreLand cover and land use are an important variable in natural land processes. Land use change in environmental protection programs and natural resource management plays an important role in the intensification of natural crises such as floods. The Gorganrood River basin in the Golestan province has historically experienced land use conversion. In this research was selected for land use classification using Landsat 8 OLI satellite images of the 25 June 2017. The goal of this study is to assess the accuracy of two approaches, pixel-based supervised classification and the object-oriented one base on quantity and allocation disagreement indexes. The accuracy assessment results indicated verified that for land use mapping the SVM algorithm using a 50 pixel segmentation in the object-based classification having a quantity disagreement of 2.03, an allocation disagreement of 4.58, and an overall accuracy of 92.65% and a kappa coefficient of 0.91 was more accurate than other algorithms in the object-based classification and other algorithms in the pixel-based classification. Based on this algorithm, the lowest of omission and commission error showed in forest lands and residential and industrial areas of 0.58% and 1.59% respectively. The highest of producer and user accuracy showed in forest lands and the water body of 99.44% and 99.41% respectively. The largest area of land use in the Gorganrood River basin is related to the Barren/Rangeland/Cropland class of 314110 ha. Finally, the SVM-SL50 algorithm in the object-based classification is suggested as an optimal classifier with a high accuracy for classification of land use classification maps in order to manage natural resources in Golestan province. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
68 - Drought prediction and modeling by hybrid wavelet method and neural network algorithms
Jahanbakhsh Mohammadi Alireza Vafaeinezhad Saeed Behzadi Hossein Aghamohammadi Amirhooman HemmasiBackground and Objective A drought crisis is a dry period of climate that can occur anywhere globally and with any climate. Although this crisis starts slowly, it can have a serious impact on health, agricultural products, the economy, energy, and the environment for a MoreBackground and Objective A drought crisis is a dry period of climate that can occur anywhere globally and with any climate. Although this crisis starts slowly, it can have a serious impact on health, agricultural products, the economy, energy, and the environment for a long time to come. Drought severely threatens human livelihood and health and increases the risk of various diseases. Therefore, modeling and predicting drought is one of the most important and serious issues in the scientific community. In the past, mathematical and statistical models such as simple regression, Auto-regression (AR), moving average (MA), and ARIMA were used to model the drought. In recent years, machine learning methods and computational intelligence to model and predict drought have been of great interest to scientists. Computational intelligence algorithms that have been previously considered by scientists to model drought include multilayer perceptron neural network, RBF neural network, support vector machine, fuzzy, and ANFIS methods. In this research, the purpose of modeling and predicting drought is by using three neural network algorithms, including multilayer perceptron, RBF neural network, and generalized regression neural. The drought index used in this research is the standardized precipitation index (SPI). In this research, the wavelet technique in combination with artificial neural network algorithms for modeling and predicting drought in 10 synoptic stations in Iran (Abadan, Babolsar, Bandar Abbas, Kerman, Mashhad, Rasht, Saqez, Tehran, Tabriz, and Zahedan) have been used in different climates and with suitable spatial distribution throughout Iran.Materials and Methods This study, initially using monthly precipitation data between 1961 and 2017, SPI drought index in time scales of 3, 6, 12, 18, 24, and 48 months through programming in soft environment MATLAB software implemented. The results of this step were validated using the available scientific software MDM and Drinc. Then, prediction models were designed using the Markov chain. In this study, a total of six computational intelligence models, including three single models of multilayer perceptron neural network (MLP), radial basis function neural network (RBF), and generalized regression neural network (GRNN), and three hybrids wavelet models with these three models (WMLP-WRBF-WGRNN) have been used to model and predict the SPI index in 10 stations of this research. In implementing all these six models, the MATLAB software programming environment has been used. In this study, four types of discrete wavelets were used, including Daubechies, Symlets, Coiflets, and Biorthogonal. Due to the better performance of the Dobbies wavelet, this type of wavelet was used as a final option in the research. In the Daubechies wavelet used between levels 1 to 45, level 3 showed the best performance among different SPI time scales; therefore, the Daubechies level 3 wavelet was used in all hybrid models of this study. After training all six algorithms used, the evaluation criteria of coefficient of determination (R2) and root mean square error (RMSE) was used to measure the difference between actual and estimated values.Results and Discussion The results of this study showed that computational intelligence methods have high accuracy in modeling and predicting the SPI drought index. In the first stage, the results showed that the individual MLP, RBF, and GRNN models, if properly trained, have close results in modeling and predicting the SPI drought index. In the next step, it was observed that the wavelet technique would improve the modeling results. In using the wavelet technique in combination with three single models MLP, RBF, and GRNN, the choice of wavelet type is also more effective in modeling, so in this research, the first of the four types of discrete wavelets Daubechies, Symlet, Qoiflet, and Biorthogonal in combination with Three single models of this research were used and the results of these four types of wavelets showed the relative superiority of the Daubechies wavelet over the other three wavelets. In using the Daubechies wavelet, since this wavelet has 45 times and the choice of order was also effective in modeling, it was observed by testing the wavelet 45 times that the 3rd wavelet, in general, has higher accuracy in all time scales of SPI index, 3, 6, 12, 18, 24 and 48 months and also in all three algorithms MLP, RBF, and GRNN. Therefore, in this research, the third-order Daubechies wavelet was used in all three algorithms of this research, as well as in all time scales. The results showed that combining the wavelet technique with all three models MLP, RBF, and GRNN will improve the results. The research graphs showed that for the quarterly time scale, the values obtained from the single model prediction in MLP and RBF modeling have a somewhat one-month phase difference compared to the hybrid model, while in the GRNN model, this prediction difference is negligible. The modeling results for both single and hybrid modeling modes indicate that there is no phase difference between the single and hybrid modeling methods in time scales of 6, 12, 18, 24, and 48. For the 12- and 24-month time scales, the single GRNN model had more fluctuations and errors in SPI monthly modeling and forecasting, while the hybrid model in these two-time scales had much better behavior in monthly modeling and forecasting. Distribution diagrams of data related to observational SPI of Abadan station showed that the modeling results for single and hybrid modes in 3 and 6-month time scales are less accurate than other time scales and fit line separation, and its uncertainty is higher than others. However, in all neural network models and in all time scales, the hybrid method has shown more accuracy. The numerical results of the study indicate that in all SPIs and stations under study, the differential values of R2 are positive, which indicates higher values of R2 in the hybrid model than in single neural network modeling, which indicates an improvement in hybrid modeling compared to individual models. Also, the differential values of RMSE are negative in all studied models and stations, which indicates that the amount of RMSE in predicting hybrid models is lower than individual neural network models. In the research graphs, it can be seen that the amount of differences in RMSE and R2 indicates a greater difference in time scales 3 and 6 than the time scales 12, 18, 24, and 48, which somehow goes back to the nature of the data of these time scales. The most significant improvement in R2 and RMSE is from the 3-month low to the 48-month high, respectively.Conclusion From the findings of this study, it can be concluded that artificial neural network algorithms are efficient methods for modeling and predicting the SPI drought index. The use of wavelets in all three models of artificial neural networks will also improve the results. It can also be concluded that for better modeling of the SPI drought index, it is necessary to select the optimal wavelet type and order. From the results of this study, it can be concluded that the wavelet technique has a greater impact on the lower time scales, i.e., 3 and 6 months, than the higher scales, i.e., 24 and 48 months. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
69 - Environment Analysis and Presentation of Football Development Strategies in the Iranian Education System
Alireza Elahi Shahamat Abbasi Mejrzad HamidiObjective: The aim was to determine football development strategies in the Iranian education system.Methodology: The present study was a descriptive and strategic study. For this purpose, using the opinions of experts in the form of qualitative interviews as well as hol MoreObjective: The aim was to determine football development strategies in the Iranian education system.Methodology: The present study was a descriptive and strategic study. For this purpose, using the opinions of experts in the form of qualitative interviews as well as holding strategic council, first the analysis of the environment, including the identification of strengths, constraint, opportunities and risks, was done. Then the expectation or vision for the football in education system was determined. In the end, three strategies were identified to achieve the expectation.Results: Strengthening relations and interactions with domestic and foreign sports and football institutions, developing the football training system and football human resource development, and developing the football talent identification system and processes have been the three main strategies identified in this study.Conclusion: In order to implement the strategies some action plans are presented. formulated using the, the action plans corresponding to each strategy should be identified. Therefore, it is necessary to determine the appropriate budget for plans and evaluation criteria in order to achieve the strategies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
70 - Evaluatoin of the resistance of some citrus rootstocks to the citrus nematode, Tylenchulus semipenetrans, in Fars province, Iran
Kavous Ayazpour Abdolhosein Aboutalebi Majid PakniyatThe citrus nematode, Tylenchulus semipenetrans, is widely distributed in the citrus orchards of Fars province, Iran. The nematode causes slow decline and serious crop losses. Host resistance is the most effective method for controlling the disease. Seedlings of so MoreThe citrus nematode, Tylenchulus semipenetrans, is widely distributed in the citrus orchards of Fars province, Iran. The nematode causes slow decline and serious crop losses. Host resistance is the most effective method for controlling the disease. Seedlings of some rootstocks including Minneola (C. paradise × C. reticulata), Citrus ourantium, C. lmettioides, C. aurantifolia var. Ahvazi (a natural hybrid), C. maxima, Fortunella margarita, C. medica, C. medica var. Otroj, C. lemonia var. Lisbon, C. taivanica, C. volkameriana, C. lemonia var. Eureka, C. aurantifolia, C. grandis, C. lemonia var. Rough Lemon, C. macrophylla (Alemow), Poncirus trifoliata, Swingle Citromelo(C. paradise × P. trifoliata) were evaluated for their resistance to the citrus nematode. The seedlings were planted in the pots and citrus orchard. In case of pot experiments, the three months old rootstock seedlings were transplanted to the pots with 40 J2/g of soil. The roots of seedlings were scored for nematode infestation after six months. For orchard experiments, the five months old rootstock seedlings were transplanted to naturally infested soil in a citrus orchard with 25 J2/g of soil. The roots of these seedlings were evaluated for nematode infestation 4.5 and 15 months after transplanting. The susceptibility of rootstocks to citrus nematode was evaluated on the base of the number of penetrated females per gram of feeder roots. In both experiments P. trifoliata, Swingle citromelo and Citrus ourantium were resistant to citrus nematode, whereas the other rootstocks supported a high population of the nematode. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
71 - Investigation of root effect on yield and yield components of four commercial varieties of tomato under drought stress conditions
sepideh kazemi Abdolrasool Zakerin Vahid Abdossi Pezhman MoradiIn order to investigate the mutual effect of root and scion on yield, yield components and some biochemical characteristics of four commercial varieties of tomato, a research was conducted in Fars province in 2016. In this regard, the combination of three rootstocks (Da MoreIn order to investigate the mutual effect of root and scion on yield, yield components and some biochemical characteristics of four commercial varieties of tomato, a research was conducted in Fars province in 2016. In this regard, the combination of three rootstocks (Dashtestan, Doraheh, and Mond) and four grafts (Raad, Metin, Superchief, and Rockstone) were examined and after grafting, vegetative and reproductive traits and biochemical traits were measured. The results showed that different bases had a significant effect on the measured traits. According to the main effect of base, the highest percentage of success (up to 50%) was obtained using Dashestan base, while the lowest (40%) was observed in Mond base. On the other hand, there were significant interactions between root and scion in terms of parameters of days to flowering, plant height, average fruit weight, firmness, protein, lycopene, carotenoid, catalase and superoxide dismutase. Finally, it can be concluded that the best base and scion combinations were Raad and Superchif respectively on Dashtestan base, because in many parameters evaluated, these base and scion combinations were better than other combinations.Findings: The results showed that different bases had a significant effect on the measured traits. According to the main effect of base, the highest percentage of success (up to 50%) was obtained using Dashestan base, while the lowest (40%) was observed in Mond base. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
72 - تخمین میزان آبشستگی اطراف پایه پلها با استفاده از نرمافزار SSIIM
هوشنگ حسونی زاده احسان زارع دهدشتبرآورد حداکثر عمق آبشستگی به منظور تعیین عمق لازم برای پایههای پل لازم است. در غیر این صورت ممکن است منجر‎ به تخریب پل گردد. در این پژوهش از نرم افزار SSIIM که به صورت سه بعدی، معادلات جریان و رسوب را لحاظ میکند استفاده گردیده است. در نرم افزار SSIIM میدان جریان د Moreبرآورد حداکثر عمق آبشستگی به منظور تعیین عمق لازم برای پایههای پل لازم است. در غیر این صورت ممکن است منجر‎ به تخریب پل گردد. در این پژوهش از نرم افزار SSIIM که به صورت سه بعدی، معادلات جریان و رسوب را لحاظ میکند استفاده گردیده است. در نرم افزار SSIIM میدان جریان در اطراف پایه پل استوانهای شکل، با استفاده از حل سهبعدی معادلات ناویر – استوکس و مدل آشفتگی k-e ، به دست آمده و سپس با استفاده از حل غیردائمی میدان رسوب و معادله پیوستگی، تغییرات تراز کف در اطراف پایه پل محاسبه میشود. در ادامه به منظور صحت سنجی، نتایج مدل شبیه سازی شده، با اطلاعات آزمایشگاهی مقایسه گردید. نتایج مقایسه نشان میدهد که با دقت بالایی میتوان از این مدل در شبیه سازی آبشستگی و تخمین حداکثر عمق آبشستگی اطراف پایههای پل استفاده کرد. به این صورت که عمق آبشستگی 10 تا 20 درصد کمتر از مقدار آزمایشگاهی برآورد شده است. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
73 - بررسی آزمایشگاهی تغییرات زمانی حداکثر عمق آبشستگی به منظور کنترل آبشستگی موضعی پایه با مقطع مستطیلی شکافدار مثلثی شکل
مهناز حیدری بنی مرتضی بختیاری مجتبی صانعی سید محمود کاشفی پورپل ها ازجمله مهمترین و پرکاربردترین سازه های رودخانهای هستند و بهعنوان کلید راه های ارتباطی از اهمیت زیادی برخوردار هستند. وقوع آب شستگی موضعی یکی از دلایل عمده عدم پایداری پلها و در نهایت شکست آنهاست که سالیانه هزینه های بسیار زیاد جانی و مالی را به دولت ها تحمیل م Moreپل ها ازجمله مهمترین و پرکاربردترین سازه های رودخانهای هستند و بهعنوان کلید راه های ارتباطی از اهمیت زیادی برخوردار هستند. وقوع آب شستگی موضعی یکی از دلایل عمده عدم پایداری پلها و در نهایت شکست آنهاست که سالیانه هزینه های بسیار زیاد جانی و مالی را به دولت ها تحمیل می کند. تاکنون تحقیقات مختلفی بر روی روشهای کنترل و کاهش آب شستگی اطراف پایه ی پل ها انجام گرفته است که از جمله آن ها، استفاده از شکاف در پایه ی پل ها می باشد. هدف از تحقیق حاضر، بررسی آزمایشگاهی تغییرات آب شستگی حداکثر نسبت به زمان، می باشد. بدین منظور دو شکاف مثلث و مثلث برعکس با مساحت سطح برابر، در دو تراز قرارگیری همتراز بستر ، 5/1 و 3 سانتیمتر بالای بستر در دو دبی 6/25 و 32 لیتر در ثانیه و بر روی رسوب با قطر متوسط 5/0 میلی متر مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. نتایج حاصل از تحقیق نشان می دهد در تمام حالت ها حضور شکاف در پایه پل موجب کاهش عمق آبشستگی حداکثر و حجم چالهی آبشستگی شده است و عمق آبشستگی حداکثر و حجم چاله ی آبشستگی با تراز قرارگیری شکاف نسبت به بستر و عدد فرود جریان و زمان رابطه ی مستقیم دارد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
74 - بررسی عددی تاثیر طوقه و صفحات مستغرق همسطح با بستر جریان بر کاهش
جمال عامری ابراهیم نوحانیپلها یکی از مهمترین سازههای رودخانهای هستند. مهمترین عامل تخریب پلها، آبشستگی اطراف پایههای پل میباشد. همه ساله پلهای زیادی در سراسر جهان بدلیل در نظرنگرفتن نقش عوامل هیدرولیکی تخریب میشوند. در این تحقیق به بررسی عددی تاثیر توام طوق و صفحات مستغرق بر کاهش عمق آب Moreپلها یکی از مهمترین سازههای رودخانهای هستند. مهمترین عامل تخریب پلها، آبشستگی اطراف پایههای پل میباشد. همه ساله پلهای زیادی در سراسر جهان بدلیل در نظرنگرفتن نقش عوامل هیدرولیکی تخریب میشوند. در این تحقیق به بررسی عددی تاثیر توام طوق و صفحات مستغرق بر کاهش عمق آبشستگی پایههای پل پرداخته میشود. بدین منظور 18 آزمایش با دبیهای متفاوت و طول صفحات مستغرق مختلف و محل قرارگیری صفحات مماس با بستر با استفاده از نرم افزار FLOW3D مورد ارزیابی و تحلیل قرار گرفتند. نتایج شبیهسازی با نرم افزار Flow3D نشان میدهد که با افزایش فرود جریان ا آبشستگی فزایش خواهد یافت. به طور کلی با قرار دادن همزمان طوق و صفحات مستغرق عمق آبشستگی کاهش پیدا میکند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
75 - بررسی آزمایشگاهی تاثیر توام صفحات مستغرق وتغییر عرض شکاف پایه به قطر پایه
امین پالیزان ابراهیم نوحانیآبشستگی پدیدهای طبیعی است،که در نتیجه عمل فرسایش بستر و کنارههای رودخانههای آبرفتی و پایه پلها توسط جریان آب رخ می­دهد.در این تحقیق با استفاده از مدلهای آزمایشگاهی، اثرات توام تغییر عرض شکاف به قطر پایه (Bs/Dp) و تغییر تعداد صفحات مستغرق با عدد فرود ثابت)   Moreآبشستگی پدیدهای طبیعی است،که در نتیجه عمل فرسایش بستر و کنارههای رودخانههای آبرفتی و پایه پلها توسط جریان آب رخ می­دهد.در این تحقیق با استفاده از مدلهای آزمایشگاهی، اثرات توام تغییر عرض شکاف به قطر پایه (Bs/Dp) و تغییر تعداد صفحات مستغرق با عدد فرود ثابت) 16/0(Fr= در گروه پایههای استوانهای شکل در آب زلال مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. نتایج حاصل از تحقیق نشان داد با افزایش (4/0 ،3/0 و 2/0 ) (Bs/Dp)= و افزایش تعداد صفحات مستغرق Nv=(1,2,3) کاهش میزان آبشستگی بیشتر میشود که بطور متوسط مقدار کاهش از64/17 به 79/4 افزایش پیدا می کند. با افزایش تعداد صفحات (به ازای عدد فرود 21/0 و نسبت عرض شکاف به قطر پایه یکسان)، میزان نسبت عمق آبشستگی به ازای تغییر موقعیت قرارگیری پایههای پل (از 1 به 3) کاهش می یابد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
76 - بررسی پدیده فرا آب در بالادست پایه پل مستطیلی شکل در قوس رودخانه
شیوا شالبافی علیرضا مسجدی امیر عباس کمانبدستبا احداث پل در مسیر رودخانه، معمولآ عرض طبیعی جریان کاهش یافته و مانعی در برابر جریان به وجود آمده و عمق آب در بالادست پل افزایش می­یابد. این افزایش عمق را فراآب می­نامند. به منظور بررسی عملکرد پایه پل مستطیلی با ابتدا و انتهای تیز گوشه بر فراآب بالادست آن در قو Moreبا احداث پل در مسیر رودخانه، معمولآ عرض طبیعی جریان کاهش یافته و مانعی در برابر جریان به وجود آمده و عمق آب در بالادست پل افزایش می­یابد. این افزایش عمق را فراآب می­نامند. به منظور بررسی عملکرد پایه پل مستطیلی با ابتدا و انتهای تیز گوشه بر فراآب بالادست آن در قوس 180 درجه، آزمایش­هایی انجام شد. برای این منظور در یک کانال مستطیلی آزمایشگاهی از جنس پلکسی گلاس با قوس 180 درجه دارای بستر ثابت در شرایط آب زلال، آزمایش­هایی انجام شد. در این تحقیق با قرار دادن یک پایه مستطیلی از جنس پلکسی گلاس در محور مرکزی کانال، اقدام به یک سری آزمایش­ها شد. آزمایش­ها با چهار ضریب تنگ­شدگی، دو نسبت طول به عرض و در دبی­های مختلف انجام شد. در هر آزمایش دبی کانال اصلی و عمق آب در بالادست پایه در دو نقطه اندازه­گیری شد. نتایج این تحقیق نشان داد وجود پایه در مسیر جریان آب باعث بالا آمدگی عمق جریان در بالادست آن می­گردد. همچنین­ عدد فرود با فراآب رابطه مستقیم و با ضریب تنگ شدگی رابطه معکوس دارد. نتایج نشان داد با افزایش نسبت طول به عرض، فراآب افزایش می­یابد Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
77 - کنترل آبشستگی موضعی توسط طوقههای متقارن و نامتقارن در اطراف پایه پل در قوس رودخانهها
پریسیما عباسی علیرضا مسجدی محمد حیدرنژادوقوع آب­شستگی در اطراف پایه های پل یکی از عمده ترین دلایل تخریب پل­ها است. یکی از روش­های کاهش آب­شستگی اطراف پایه­های پل نصب طوقه محافظ بر روی پایه است.برای این منظور جهت بررسی اثر طوقه یک سری آزمایش در یک فلوم آزمایشگاهی با قوس180 درجه و شعاع مرکزی Moreوقوع آب­شستگی در اطراف پایه های پل یکی از عمده ترین دلایل تخریب پل­ها است. یکی از روش­های کاهش آب­شستگی اطراف پایه­های پل نصب طوقه محافظ بر روی پایه است.برای این منظور جهت بررسی اثر طوقه یک سری آزمایش در یک فلوم آزمایشگاهی با قوس180 درجه و شعاع مرکزی 8/2 متر و عرض 6/0 متر با 67/4 = R/B از جنس پلاکسی گلاس انجام پذیرفت. در این تحقیق با قرار دادن یک پایه به قطر 5 سانتی­متر به همراه طوقه­های مختلف به طول نسبی در بالا دست و پایین دست 4/0 ، 6/0، 8/0 و 1 در موقعیت 70 درجه قوس با دبی ثابت 16 لیتر بر ثانیه و عمق ثابت 12 سانتی­متر پدیده آب­شستگی حول پایه در حالت آب زلال مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. برای مصالح کف فلوم از ماسه طبیعی با دانه بندی یکنواخت با Dm=2 mm و ضریب یکنواختی 8/1 استفاده شد. نتایج این تحقیق نشان داد با افزایش طول نسبی طوقه در بالا دست و پایین دست میزان آب­شستگی موضعی در اطراف پایه به طور ملاحظه­ای کاهش می­یابد و همچنین بیشترین و کمترین درصد کاهش در عمق آب­شستگی در اطراف طوقه با طول نسبی بالا دست و پایین دست به ترتیب 68 و 12 بدست آمده است. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
78 - بررسی آبشستگی گروه پایههای پل در زوایای مختلف با استفاده از مدل ریاضی و تحلیل رگرسیون
رضا فرزاد ابراهیم نوحانی علی افروس حسن کیامنشبا پیشرفت فناوری طراحی و ساخت سازهها، شاهد ساخت پلها با اشکالی مدرن بوده که از جمله آنها میتوان به پلهای در زوایای مختلف اشاره کرد. پلها یکی از مهم‎ترین سازههای رودخانهای هستند. یکی از عوامل عمده تخریب پلها، آب­شستگی اطراف پایههای پل میباشد. آب­شس Moreبا پیشرفت فناوری طراحی و ساخت سازهها، شاهد ساخت پلها با اشکالی مدرن بوده که از جمله آنها میتوان به پلهای در زوایای مختلف اشاره کرد. پلها یکی از مهم‎ترین سازههای رودخانهای هستند. یکی از عوامل عمده تخریب پلها، آب­شستگی اطراف پایههای پل میباشد. آب­شستگی به فرمهای مختلف، پایداری سازههای هیدرولیکی را مورد تهدید و فرسایش قرار میدهد. همه ساله پلهای زیادی در سراسر جهان به دلیل در نظرنگرفتن نقش عوامل هیدرولیکی تخریب میشوند. در این تحقیق به شبیهسازی عددی آب­شستگی در گروههای 3 و 4 پایه پل در زوایای صفر ، 10 ، و 15 درجه و استفاده از دبی و قطر ثابت پایهها با استفاده از نرم‎افزار Flow3D پرداخته میشود و تحلیل رگرسیون مورد ارزیابی قرار میگیرد. نتایج حاصل از شبیهسازی نشان دادند که با افزایش شیب پایهها از درجه صفر به سمت زاویه 15 درجه میزان آب­شستگی کاهش مییابد. همچنین آب­شستگی در اطراف بالادست پایهها بیش‎تر اتفاق میافتد. حداکثر آب­شستگی در اطراف پایههای ابتدایی گزارش شده است. این تحقیق تایید میکند که شیب پایههای استوانهای پل نسبت به خط قائم، بهطور مستقیم بر آبشستگی حول پایههای پل تاثیر میگذارد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
79 - بـررسی اثر استفاده از کابل در اطراف پایه های اسکله جهت کاهش عمق آب شستگی
فاطمه آرزومند امیر عباس کمانبدستاز جمله روشهای کنترل آب­شستگی در اطراف پایههای اسکله، استفاده از کابل در اطراف آن میباشد. در این مطالعه به منظور بررسی اثر کابل در کنترل آب­شستگی در اطراف گروه پایههای اسکله، آزمایشهایی در یک فلوم آزمایشگاهی از جنس پلاکسی­گلاس انجام گرفت. در این ت Moreاز جمله روشهای کنترل آب­شستگی در اطراف پایههای اسکله، استفاده از کابل در اطراف آن میباشد. در این مطالعه به منظور بررسی اثر کابل در کنترل آب­شستگی در اطراف گروه پایههای اسکله، آزمایشهایی در یک فلوم آزمایشگاهی از جنس پلاکسی­گلاس انجام گرفت. در این تحقیق با قرار دادن یک پایه عمودی به همراه کابل به دور آن­ها در دو حالت با وجود کابل و بدون نصب کابل در اطراف آن­ها اقدام به انجام یک­سری آزمایش گردید. آزمایشها با استفاده از سه نوع کابل با قطر نسبی 03/0، 05/0 و 08/0 میلیمتر با سه زاویه پیچش 15، 30 و 45 درجه در 5 شدت جریان مختلف با دبیهای 6، 5/6، 7، 5/7و 8 لیتر بر ثانیه در حالت آب زلال انجام شد. در انتهای هر آزمایش عمق آب­شستگی در اطراف پایه با استفاده از عمق­سنج لیزری اندازه­گیری شد. نتایج این تحقیق نشان داد در کلیه شرایط، نصب کابل به دور پایه استوانهای عامل مؤثر در کاهش عمق آب­شستگی در اطراف آن میشود. هم­چنین بیشترین درصد کاهش عمق آب­شستگی در پایه عمودی، کابل با قطر نسبی 08/0و زاویه پیچش 15درجه به ­دست آمد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
80 - Developing an Optimization Algorithm for Multi-product and Multi-level Inventory Systems with Random Parameters
Fariborz Jolai Sayyed Mohammad Reza Davoodi Ali Mohaghar Mohammad Reza MehreganThe present study aimed to develop and compare a simulated model of multi-product and multi-level inventory systems. The model is developed for the final product, different medium products, and the main product. The main purpose of optimization is to minimize costs func MoreThe present study aimed to develop and compare a simulated model of multi-product and multi-level inventory systems. The model is developed for the final product, different medium products, and the main product. The main purpose of optimization is to minimize costs function. The servicing level of units is measured through backfilling rate that should be more than a minimum level. In the proposed algorithm, the local optimization was found through the genetic algorithm. Since point estimation of goal function and backfilling rates are done on the simulation in the present study based, the statistical methods were used for investing possibility of solutions. Finally, one example was presented in the three-level network. Because linear localization is an especial form of second-order localization, the difference between goal function and estimated volume was at the minimum level. Undoubtedly, it is expected that the estimated point of this algorithm is better than the estimated point of linear localization. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
81 - The effectiveness of multimedia educational design based on cognitive load theory on students' academic achievement and self-concept in fifth grade science course
سپیده صفرپور دهکردی اقدس شکریIntroduction: This research was conducted with the aim of investigating the effectiveness of multimedia educational design based on cognitive load theory on the academic progress and self-concept of students in the fifth grade science course. research methodology: The MoreIntroduction: This research was conducted with the aim of investigating the effectiveness of multimedia educational design based on cognitive load theory on the academic progress and self-concept of students in the fifth grade science course. research methodology: The research method was experimental with a pre-test and post-test design for both experimental and control groups. The statistical population of the present study was made up of all the male students of the fifth grade of elementary school in district one of Shiraz city in the academic year of 2021-2022, whose number is estimated to be around 2000 people, referring to the education department of Shiraz city. Sixty of the students under study were selected as a sample through purposive sampling method. The tools used in this research were the Chen and Thompson self-concept questionnaire and the academic achievement test of the science course. The face and content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by experts and technical people, and the reliability was confirmed through Cronbach's alpha method. Descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (univariate and multivariate covariance analysis) were used to analyze the data. Findings: The results of the research indicated that the education through a multimedia educational program based on cognitive load theory explains 15.2% of the variance of academic achievement and 25.1% of the variance of self-concept. Conclusion: The results indicated that the students who used the multimedia educational program based on cognitive load theory had a better situation than other students in terms of academic progress and self-concept. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
82 - A Comparison of the Effectiveness of Traditional Learning and E-Learning on Dysgraphia of First Grade Students
سپیده صفرپور دهکردی معصومه صالحی فرIntroduction: This research was conducted with the aim of comparing the effectiveness of traditional learning and electronic learning on poor writing skills of first grade students in Shiraz city. research methodology: The research method was of comparative causal type MoreIntroduction: This research was conducted with the aim of comparing the effectiveness of traditional learning and electronic learning on poor writing skills of first grade students in Shiraz city. research methodology: The research method was of comparative causal type. The statistical population of the current study was made up of all the first grade students of Shiraz city in the academic year of 2021-2022, whose number is estimated to be around 3500 people by referring to the Education Department of Shiraz city. Thirty of the students under the study (15 in the experimental group and 15 in the control group) were selected as a sample through purposive sampling method. The tool used in this research was a researcher-made questionnaire on dysgraphia. The face and content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by experts and technical people, and the reliability was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha method. Descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (T single sample and independent T groups) were used to analyze the data. Findings: The results of the research indicated that there is a significant difference between the average grades of dysgraphia in the two groups of traditional learning and electronic learning. Conclusion: The results indicated that the students who were taught by the traditional learning method had less dysgraphia than the students who were taught by the electronic learning method due to the direct communication between the teacher and the student with the disorder. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
83 - The function of Compound Sentences in Masnavi-ye-Ma’navi
zohreh Amani Esmat KhoeiniWithout a doubt, a large portion of the pleasant nature of Rumi’s work is related to his manner of expression and his method of diction. Rumi-researchers have often spoken of the allure of Rumi’s expression, yet many of the charming secrets of this language MoreWithout a doubt, a large portion of the pleasant nature of Rumi’s work is related to his manner of expression and his method of diction. Rumi-researchers have often spoken of the allure of Rumi’s expression, yet many of the charming secrets of this language still remain unknown; it seems there are no solutions in this field but the meticulous analysis and the detailed study of his way of writing. Therefore, the author of this essay was determined to understand the language of Rumi to the best of her abilities; for this reason, compound sentences were chosen from Masnavi-ye-Ma’navi so that by analyzing them she could gather more information about Rumi’s usage of different sentence types that has resulted in the coherence of his work.Because of the large volume of couplets in Masnavi, we chose about 1372 couplets from the first book and obtained substantial results by examining them. Based on the results, in Rumi’s Masnavi-ye-Ma’navi, compound sentences are used considerably more often than simple sentences, and among these sentences, ones that consist of one independent clause and one dependent clause are higher in frequency. In some of these compound sentences, Rumi removes conjunctions, giving the readers freedom to choose the appropriate conjunctions themselves and find the independent and dependent clauses based on that; or, in some compound-complex sentences, one clause can simultaneously be dependent and independent, meaning that depending on the clauses that come before and after it, its role changes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
84 - Study of Conjunctions in Persian on the basis of Government and Binding Theory
Marjan Taheri Osgouei Zahra ParvinyradConjunctions are very efficient in the building the of the process of the Persian language. Thus, in this essay, writers look closely the compound conjunctions of the Persian language. This investigation tries to investigate whether all compound subordinating conjunctio MoreConjunctions are very efficient in the building the of the process of the Persian language. Thus, in this essay, writers look closely the compound conjunctions of the Persian language. This investigation tries to investigate whether all compound subordinating conjunctions are compound words or not, or only word "that" is conjunction. For this purpose, by examining the grammarian’s books, newspapers and interviews with Persian speakers we have collected such group of letters. these phrases have been studied from semantic and structural point of view. From Semantic point of view, they are expressing such meanings as state, cause, purpose and so on. And from structural point of view these phrases can be divided into two groups. The first group of them possesses the structure of "group of Noun + that" and another group which has the structure of "group of preposition + that". After this classification different tests such as test of noun for the structure of "noun" group+ that" along with structural tests were applied to both of these structures. As a result, it became clear that some of these phrases just as the grammarians (1994, 2003, 2010, 2011) mentioned before are compound subordinating conjunctions. But some of structures were noun groups or prepositions. They can use in the educational books of the Persian language. They can help development and mobility of the Persian language. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
85 - Investigation of the Effect of Graphene-Silica Nanoparticles on Rheological and Thermo-physical Properties of Water-based Drilling Fluid
Mohammad Gholamhosein zadeh Ashkan GhafouriDrilling mud is one of the most important and basic requirements for drilling oil and gas wells. Optimization of drilling fluid properties leads to reduce drilling time and costs. Water-based drilling mud is one type of drilling fluid that is mainly used in drilling wel MoreDrilling mud is one of the most important and basic requirements for drilling oil and gas wells. Optimization of drilling fluid properties leads to reduce drilling time and costs. Water-based drilling mud is one type of drilling fluid that is mainly used in drilling wells due to its environmental compatibility. In this research, in order to increase the efficiency of this type of drilling fluid, graphene and silicon oxide nanoparticles in equal weight ratio in water-based drilling mud have been used. This study investigates the effect of different concentrations (0.25, 0.5, 0.75 and 1% volume fraction) of these nanoparticles on different properties of drilling fluid such as plastic viscosity, yield point, gel strength of 10 minutes and 10 seconds, circulation loss of the samples and the coefficient of thermal conductivity are discussed. All rheological properties tests are performed according to the standard (API RP 13B). The transient hot wire method has been used to determine the thermal conductivity of the fluid. The results show that the increase of nanoparticles has a significant effect on the rheological and thermo-physical properties of water-based drilling mud and reduces plastic viscosity (15%), decreases circulation loss of the samples (25%) and gel strength and also increases the thermal conductivity by 16% in the volume fraction of 1%. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
86 - Investigation of Imidazole-Based corrosion inhibitor (PL-464) and corrosion behavior of X65 steel in Hydrochloric Acid
mehdi borougerdnia Abbas Rajabi Hydrochloric acid is used in many industries. One of its applications is for boilers’ acid cleaning and well acidizing in the oil and gas industry. For the reduction of HCl corrosion on metal parts and installations, corrosion inhibitors a More Hydrochloric acid is used in many industries. One of its applications is for boilers’ acid cleaning and well acidizing in the oil and gas industry. For the reduction of HCl corrosion on metal parts and installations, corrosion inhibitors are used. In this research, the effect of Imidazole-Based corrosion inhibitor PL-464 and the corrosion behavior of X65 steel in Hydrochloric Acid (HCl) is considered. Polarization and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) experiments without and with 50, 100, and 150 ppm of PL-464 corrosion inhibitor at 25, 40, and 60ºc in hydrochloric acid solution are done. The result of these experiments showed that PL-464 inhibits corrosion by surface adsorption mechanisms. As temperature increases, corrosion potential moves toward positive amounts, and inhibition efficiency decreases. Also, corrosion decreases as inhibitor concentration is increased. Weight loss experiment at 25, 60ºc without and with 50, 150 ppm inhibitor is done, which corrosion weight loss percent is decreased as inhibitor concentration is increased. SEM and EDAX analysis showed that the steel surface in solution without inhibitor is damaged and Fe picks are shorter with respect to steel in solution with inhibitor. The results are attributed to the adsorption of inhibitors onto the steel surfaces which protects the steel surface from dissolving in acid solution. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
87 - Develop Citeria for Evaluating the Performance of Grassroots Football Coaches Based on Exploratory Factor Analysis
Hesam Forghani Ozrudi Mohammadbagher Forghani Ozrudi Ali Yaghobi Mohammadhosein Forghani OzrudiThe purpose of the current research was to formulate performance evaluation criteria for basic football coaches based on exploratory factor analysis. The statistical population of this research was all the managers, coaches, players and experts of basic football in the MoreThe purpose of the current research was to formulate performance evaluation criteria for basic football coaches based on exploratory factor analysis. The statistical population of this research was all the managers, coaches, players and experts of basic football in the country (about 3500 people). According to Morgan's table, the statistical sample of 346 people was randomly selected by stratification. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire with interviews of 15 university professors with experience in coaching basic football in 41 items and 12 factors on a five-point Likert scale, and its validity and reliability were confirmed by 10 university professors (α=0.79). Data were analyzed using exploratory factor analysis and finally confirmatory were used to rank the factors and softwares of Lisrel & SPSS version 22. The data analysis showed that the respondents had a history of 12.84±6.18 years and 8.36±3.02 years in the basic soccer. The 12 Criterias of performance evaluation of basic soccer coaches in order of priority are: training style, coaching background and experience, coaching job responsibilities, psychological and student communication skills, creating a enjoyable training environment, ethical and behavioral characteristics, basic soccer knowledge, Partnering in identifying and nurturing talent, monitoring student performance and development, communicating with parents and carers, taking care of equipment, documenting athletes' information. It is recommended that Football Federation education officials use these Criterias to evaluate the performance of basic football coaches to provide the basis for future growth and prosperity of soccer learners based on scientific Criterias. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
88 - Compilation of strategies and consequences for the development of basic football in Iran
Mohammad Elias Ansarinia Mina hakakzade Seyed Jalil MiriosfiThe purpose of this research was to formulate the strategies and consequences of the development of basic football in Iran. This research is practical in terms of purpose. In order to achieve the stated goal and considering the specialization of the research subject, in MoreThe purpose of this research was to formulate the strategies and consequences of the development of basic football in Iran. This research is practical in terms of purpose. In order to achieve the stated goal and considering the specialization of the research subject, in-depth and semi-structured interviews were conducted with basic football experts. The interviews continued purposefully and in a snowball manner. Finally, 23 people were interviewed. Since the answers from the 19th interview onwards were repeating the answers of the previous interviews, the interview was stopped. The data obtained from the interviews were analyzed using the foundation data method and based on the method suggested by Strauss and Corbin (2011) simultaneously and through three stages of open, central and selective coding. The findings showed that 33 sub-categories in the form of organizational strategies, development of interactions and communications, empowerment and productivity of human resources, development of talent management system, income generation, and supervision and monitoring are effective on the development of basic football and lead to the consequences of increasing and continuing football honors. It will become the foundation for adult football and eventually, the development of professional football in Iran. It can be said that if the strategies are successfully implemented, with the development of basic football and support for Iranian football, the success and increase of football positions and honors in age groups will follow the successful performance of football clubs and finally the sustainable development of professional football. had Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
89 - تأثیر عنصر نیکل بر روی میکرو ساختار آلیاژ پایه آهن Fe65B15Si10Ti5Al5 تهیه شده به روش آلیاژسازی مکانیکی
علی عبیداوی مهدی بروجردنیا عبداله طیبی مجید رحیمی -
Open Access Article
90 - The Role of Basic and Protective Knowledge- Based Structures in Innovation Process in Knowledge- Based Comp
Karamollah DaneshfardPriority of the Supportive and Essential Knowledge-Based Structures in the Process of Innovation in Knowledge-Based Companies Karamollah DaneshFard Abstract: Background: The knowledge-based companieshave been the focus of more attention due to the roles and importance MorePriority of the Supportive and Essential Knowledge-Based Structures in the Process of Innovation in Knowledge-Based Companies Karamollah DaneshFard Abstract: Background: The knowledge-based companieshave been the focus of more attention due to the roles and importance they have acquired in economic progress and nationaldevelopment.To meet the missions assigned to them, they need deep and continuous innovation.Scientific innovation is no coincidence,but a planned processfor the growth and development of whichcontributing factors must be identified and managed. The purpose of this paperis to prioritize the supportive and essential knowledge- based structures in the five process stages of innovation in knowledge-basedcompanies. Methods: The model of Blackler et al’s knowledge-based structures in the structural categories as well as Kaufman &Fifer’s five-factor model of innovation in knowledge-based companies were selected.The statistical population includes Tehran's knowledge-based companies and the chosen sample from four groups on the basis of the current sample. The data collection meansaretwo researcher-made questionnaires the validity of which was measured based on the visual validity and the reliability of which was measured through Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The research findings from analyzing the role and relation of knowledge-based structuressuggest the further importance of essential structures over supportive ones, and the compositional or hypertext structure was the most important one in various stagesof innovation. Conclusion: The results indicated that the idea implementation management is selected as the most important step in the innovation process.Other steps in order of importance include human resource management, strategic management,idea implementation management, and creativity management. Keywords: EssentialKnowledge-BasedStructure, Supportive Knowledge-Based Structure, Knowledge Generation, ProductDevelopment, Knowledge-Based Company. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
91 - Effectiveness of the teaching-learning strategy concept mapping in science teaching on the students' creativity Sixth grade elementary
Reza Azimpoor Mphsen Eisavi ehsan azimpoorAbstract Objective: The present study has examined the effectiveness of the concept maps teaching-learning strategy in teaching sixth grade elementary school students on the creative component Poldasht city. Method: This research was a quasi-experimental research and r MoreAbstract Objective: The present study has examined the effectiveness of the concept maps teaching-learning strategy in teaching sixth grade elementary school students on the creative component Poldasht city. Method: This research was a quasi-experimental research and research design used in this study, was pretest and post-test with comparison group. The population in this research, including sixth grade students in the academic year 94-93 in Poldasht that their number are 703 (374 male students and 329 female students). Subjects have included the sixth grade elementary school students in 4 classes (2 classes boys and 2 classes girls). Of these, one of the classes as experimental girl schools and one secondary school classes, as the control group was selected. Also, one of classes of schoolboys as the experimental group and another second-boys school classes, as the control group was selected. To measure student math anxiety, Shokrani math anxiety questionnaire was used. Validity of the questionnaire, confirmed by three experts and internal reliability with Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.77. Analysis of the data was performed using SPSS 18 software. To analyze the data, descriptive and inferential statistical methods including UNIANCOVA, were used. Result: Results showed that the experimental and control groups in terms of creativity and components of fluency, originality and elaboration there is a significant difference. But flexible component not found significant differences between the experimental and control groups. Conclusion: The results showed that the use of concept maps teaching-learning strategies in teaching science was effective to enhance creativity and increase fluid, innovation and the development components of creativity but flexible component, no effect. Also, flexibility in boys more than girls on average Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
92 - Designing and Evaluation of "the Framework of Computer Games Lesson" to Nurture the Creativity of 6th Grade Students
Keivan Assa Ezatolah Naderi Maryam SeifnaraghiThe purpose of the research: This research entitled as: Designing and Evaluation of "the Framework of Computer Games Lesson" to Nurture the Creativity of 6th Grade Students Method: The researcher`s view has been integrated with the quantity nature of this research. MoreThe purpose of the research: This research entitled as: Designing and Evaluation of "the Framework of Computer Games Lesson" to Nurture the Creativity of 6th Grade Students Method: The researcher`s view has been integrated with the quantity nature of this research. In terms of purpose, this research was applied. Researcher has utilized field studies when conducting it. The statistical population included curriculum providers, educational psychologists, six grade teachers as well as computer games` experts who had cooperated with computer games foundation. The sample volume of this research was selected based on Morgan table. Considering the title of the research, data collection procedure was conducted through interviewing with experts and specialists of this domain. The questionnaire included 34 items designed by the researcher, based on which the framework of computer games` course was evaluated by associated experts. To analyze the obtained data, descriptive-inferential method has been utilized. Conclusion: The prominent result indicated that designing the framework of computer games` course based on Taba curriculum increased the elements of fluidity, flexibility, originality and amplification. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
93 - Investigating of the mathematical creativity of tenth grade students using open ended problem posing in structured situations
Majid Yousefi Ebrahim Reyhani Mohammad Hassan BehzadiThe purpose of this study was to investigate the mathematical creativity of tenth grade students using open ended problem posing in structured situations. The research method is descriptive of survey type. The participants in this study were 158 tenth grade gifted stude MoreThe purpose of this study was to investigate the mathematical creativity of tenth grade students using open ended problem posing in structured situations. The research method is descriptive of survey type. The participants in this study were 158 tenth grade gifted students in three cities in the south-east of Tehran province in the academic year 1399-1400. To collect the data, a researcher-made test was used, consisting of two open ended problem posing in structured situations (Stoyanova and Elrton). The validity of the test was confirmed by mathematics educators and experienced mathematics teachers. By using the criterion of Cronbach's alpha, this approximate reliability coefficient (0.71 and 0.82) was obtained. The result showed the math creativity score of the 10th grade students was 0.2082. The results indicated that tenth grade students have a low level of mathematical creativity. In fact, there was no sufficient situations for these students to encounter activities and tasks that enhance mathematical creativity, including problem-solving and ended problem posing in the classroom. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
94 - The effect of creativity training to teachers on the creativity of the first primary grade students in Khorasan in the academic year 88-89
Z. Afsharkhn A. AsarehThis study investigated the effects of creativity training to teachers on growth of children's creativity. The method was quasi-experimental that was conducted by form B visual creativity Torrance test. The experimental group consisted of students of teachers who were o MoreThis study investigated the effects of creativity training to teachers on growth of children's creativity. The method was quasi-experimental that was conducted by form B visual creativity Torrance test. The experimental group consisted of students of teachers who were organized by Sama, a 24-hour period, creativity training, and Control group, were students of those teachers who were not seen any creativity training. Survey data, evaluated by the two independent t groups, and comparison of the mean showed significant difference at 99% confidence level at all research hypotheses. It means by 99% confidence, creativity growth of children in first grade of primary schools in Khorasan province in the academic year 88-89 that trained by teachers who had creativity training is greater than those children that their teachers hadn't any creativity training and this difference is statistically significant. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
95 - The impact of applying creative instructional methods on improvement of elementary pupils' creativity
P. Jebelli Adeh A. Sobhani Background: One of the most common goals of the education systems throughout the world refers to the development of a creative personality that could easily adapt to the fast changes that the modern society undergoes to. Objective: This research was carried out t More Background: One of the most common goals of the education systems throughout the world refers to the development of a creative personality that could easily adapt to the fast changes that the modern society undergoes to. Objective: This research was carried out to investigate the impact of applying creative instructional methods on the improvement of pupils' creativity at elementary schools. Method: This research was run in the context of a quasi-experimental design containing a pre-test and a post-test with a control group. The sample population was composed of 240 fourth grade pupils of elementary schools who were equally distributed into an experimental group, whose teachers were educated to apply creative instructional methods having 120 participants and a control group of 120 subjects. To collect the data and measure the level of pupils' creativity, the Torrance Figural Test A was administered to both groups before the treatment and the Torrance Figural Test B of creative thinking was administered to both groups after the treatment process. The data were analyzed and evaluated running an Independent sample t-test. Result(s): Results showed a meaningful difference between the experimental and the control groups in four components of creativity including Fluency, Flexibility, Originality and Elaboration. It means, by 99% confidence, the creativity improvement of the students in the experimental group was greater than the control group. Conclusion: Applying creative instructional methods improved creativity of the pupils. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
96 - Design of pillars size in under ground mines by ground reaction curve method
Kamran Goshtasbi Shobeir ArshadnejadMining methods are mainly depending on physical and geometrical structure of ore bodies. Room &pillar mining is very important in underground mining methods. Because of it is simplicity, highproduction and low cost of operations. Room & pillar method includes so MoreMining methods are mainly depending on physical and geometrical structure of ore bodies. Room &pillar mining is very important in underground mining methods. Because of it is simplicity, highproduction and low cost of operations. Room & pillar method includes some intersecting tunnels in orebody, for stability of these tunnels, some parts of ore body must remain in the form of columns or socalled pillar. Designing of the pillars is very important for increasing of the performance anddecreasing of ore loss. Hence many empirical formulae are presented for designing of the pillars, butbased on limited data. In fact, the particular restriction of each formula limits its application in variousconditions and ore bodies. In this paper a new method is suggested for determination of optimumpillars design in various conditions by numerical modeling and ground reaction curve. By this methodall of rock mass geomechanical and geometrical characteristics can be considered for designing of thepillars. This new method is based on ground reaction curve by making 18 models in 30, 40 and 50meters depth with different width to height ratio (W/h) of the pillar. Each of the resulted curves inlinear part which states the elastic behavior of rock mass determines the desirable width to height ratio(W/h). An Underground salt rock mine (Soltan abad’s mine) was selected for validating of thesuggested method. The W/h for stable pillars in the mine is between 1.3 and 1.6. The result obtained ofground reaction curves is 1.375 for W/h which showing the accuracy of suggested method. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
97 - In vitro screening of apple rootstocks for resistance to phytophthora root rot
Mahsa Khatami Hamid Sadeghi Garmaroodi Mohammad TorabiPhytophthora root and crown rot is one the most important diseases of apple in Iran and worldwide. This research was performed first to recover oomycete species from infected apple roots and crowns, second, establish a reliable method for inoculation of apple rootstocks MorePhytophthora root and crown rot is one the most important diseases of apple in Iran and worldwide. This research was performed first to recover oomycete species from infected apple roots and crowns, second, establish a reliable method for inoculation of apple rootstocks and third, evaluate disease resistance of some apple rootstocks in tissue culture media. Different infected samples were collected from the Horticultural Research Stations of Seed and Plant Improvement Institute in Karaj. Three Phytophthora cactorum isolates in addition to one Pythium sp. isolate were recovered out of 20 samples using semi selective media containing Carbendazim, Pimaricine and Rifampicin, 10 mg per liter each. Pathogenicity test was carried out on unripe pear fruits. For disease resistance evaluation experiments, five apple hybrid progenies (H1-H5) obtained through crossing between local genotype Morabbai mashhad and M9 plus the parents, M26, MM106 rootstocks and local genotype Azayesh were assessed to Phytophthora in tissue culture jars. Plant materials were micropropagated on QL media and inoculated with P. cactorum. The pathogen was amplified on the wheat grains so that the pathogen incited necrosis on the shoots inside the jars. The extent of necrosis was recorded after 18 days. Hybrid H5 was assessed as the most sensitive genotype to P. cactorum while hybrid H1 showed high level of resistance reaction. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
98 - Using of evolutionary algorithms to study the optimal path planning of mobile robot (A comparative approach in different environments)
sanaz mohammadiIn this study, a gravitational search algorithm has been proposed to design the optimal route of mobile robot in certain and known environments or relatively unknown environments (static or dynamic). Reviews in this paper, indicates proper operation of the algorithm in MoreIn this study, a gravitational search algorithm has been proposed to design the optimal route of mobile robot in certain and known environments or relatively unknown environments (static or dynamic). Reviews in this paper, indicates proper operation of the algorithm in terms of convenience and simplicity in running processes time consuming offline and online. Also, as well as the results of the review period and the path to achieve the optimal route in dynamic environments and static is Representative and shower the strength of the evolutionary algorithm than other evolutionary algorithms in the field. Finally, the experimental results are indicated a superior performance gravitational search algorithm than other evolutionary algorithms available (algorithms, particle swarm) which discussed in this research. This topic has had a significant impact on the design direction of the static and dynamic, especially in the environment Dynamic. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
99 - Optimization of two dimensional structures, using minimum growth ground method with floating nodes
Ali Ghoddosian Saber Meskar Jahan abadOptimization techniques based on basic structure and the minimum growth ground method and stationary nodes, are among useful and effective methods in finding optimal discrete structures. But the slow optimization process of the base structure method for two-dimensional MoreOptimization techniques based on basic structure and the minimum growth ground method and stationary nodes, are among useful and effective methods in finding optimal discrete structures. But the slow optimization process of the base structure method for two-dimensional Large-scale structures and the large number of basic structural elements, waste a lot of time to solve problems. The fixed nodes of the truss in minimum growth ground method with fixed nodes, which in some cases makes structures to find a local optimum. In this article we have tried to provide a new method, optimization of cross section and truss topology are in a way that the aforementioned problems are solved as far as possible and for this purpose the algorithm of growth ground method with floating nodes are suggested. In this method, instead of starting with the base structure with the most possible members of the structure, we start with a structure with minimum members and the basic structure grows until it satisfies the conditions and all nodes are added to the structure in a floating mode. Then, in this paper several standard example are used which are coded using MATLAB software and the obtained results in the form of growth ground method with floating nodes using optimization algorithm of particle swarm is compared to other methods. The results show that growth ground method with floating nodes has a very high Convergence rate compared to growth ground method and more Absolute optimization compared to the minimum growth ground method with fixed nodes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
100 - Analytical Study on Parthian Relics and Settlements in Abyek Foothills
Arzollah Najafi Farzad Mafi Reza AkhoundiAbyek district in Qazvin province based on It's geographical situation and natural potentials has a particular situation that understanding of it's cultural evolution and historical happenings in Parthian period assist us to better recognition of the cultural changes of MoreAbyek district in Qazvin province based on It's geographical situation and natural potentials has a particular situation that understanding of it's cultural evolution and historical happenings in Parthian period assist us to better recognition of the cultural changes of this part of Iran from 250 BC to AC 224 Archaeological survey in northern part of Abyek foothills (Ziaran, Eastern Eghbal, eastern & western Kuhpaye) Conducted in March to May. In this season of Archaeological survey find out 89 sites that among of these, 64 sites yields evidences of Parthian culture. This research reveals evidences of demographic changes and change in settlement pattern in this region at Parthian period. Further, it was indicated that the most settlements of the area consist of small villages and no evidence of urbanize centers, Also, it seems that the region's material culture in Parthian period as well as owning some of the local characteristics finally belong to cultural span of north and west of Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
101 - Preliminary Report on Archaeological Survey of Southern Side of Alborz Mountains at Abyek: First Season
Farzad Mafi Reza AkhoundiThe Quazvin plain along with the heights that overlook it is one of the important centers of foundation and development of human culture in Iranian Flat in different eras. The focus of archeological studies in recent decades on Quazvin plain and scientific archeological MoreThe Quazvin plain along with the heights that overlook it is one of the important centers of foundation and development of human culture in Iranian Flat in different eras. The focus of archeological studies in recent decades on Quazvin plain and scientific archeological studies in heights overlooking the plain especially southern mountainsides has made the Alborz mountains inevitable for study. In this research¸ the results from a number of archeological findings and recent studies can get a view of the position of the area in prehistoric eras¸ past history and the history of Islam. For this purpose¸ three villages, i.e. , Ziaran Estern and Western mountain sides of Abyek city and the village of Eastern Eghbal locating at the territory governed by central part of Qazvin were studied. We studied 89 archeological sites and also a considerable number of mentioned and unmentioned works including stone tools, sculpture, metal tools and so on were identified and discovered we dealt with them in this research. The results from this research reveal that with regard to 7 sites related to the period of Paleolithic which had stone tools and traces that are the characteristics of middle and new Paleolithic. We can say that in the period of Paleolithic the heights of this area were of the important habitats of people in the North of Iranian Flat. Although the identification of traces and cultural materials of the period of chalcolithic (2 cases) and the bronze age (3 case) show the continuation of living of people in the mentioned era, the identification of a great number of sites of Iron age (21cases) and Parthian (38 cases) shows the witnesses of habitats and settlement of human communities (Regarding both the quality and quantity of witnesses) from the second half of the second millennium BC until the first half of millennium A.C Forwards movement regarding the vast number of sites and areas and cultural heritage of different Islamic periods (47 cases) in the course of Islamic periods that has moved ahead. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
102 - اثربخشی تدریس به روش یادگیری مشارکتی بر رشد مهارت های اجتماعی دانش آموزان
سیده اعظم حسینی جعفر پویا منش علیرضا جعفری -
Open Access Article
103 - Analysis of the content of the fourth elementary Persian book based on successfull intelligence
Masoumeh Souri Faramarz sohrabi asamrood kamran sheivandi choliche mehdi arabzadehThe aim of the current research was to analyze the content of the fourth grade Persian book with the approach of revealing successful intelligence and to provide information and suggestions to the planners in order to improve and correct this book. Considering the natur MoreThe aim of the current research was to analyze the content of the fourth grade Persian book with the approach of revealing successful intelligence and to provide information and suggestions to the planners in order to improve and correct this book. Considering the nature of the research topic and the limitation of the statistical community, sampling has been omitted, and all of them have been considered as samples. The data collection tool is the content analysis list of textbooks, which was prepared and compiled after studying the theoretical foundations and legal frameworks, and its validity was determined by educational science specialists and relevant experts. The checklist measurement tool was based on the content analysis unit: text, photo, paragraph and exercise. The research results have been investigated and analyzed using descriptive statistics and entropy index. Entropy coefficient was calculated based on Shannon's formula, which showed that based on the three dimensions of successful intelligence, which includes analytical, creative and practical intelligence, the most weight is related to adaptability. With the environment, the ability to analyze, interact, use practical skills, exploration and continuous learning Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
104 - The Role of Internal and External developmental assets in Predicting the Academic Performance of Work and Technology course and Social Studies course for Ninth Grade Students
Arezu Ghafoori Mahdi Shariat Bagheri Ebrahim SafiKhanie Mahdi RezaiePositive development during adolescence has lifelong consequences; developmental assets frameworks contribute to the well-being of newcomers, including avoiding high-risk behaviors and engaging in positive or thriving behaviors. One of the main concerns of educational MorePositive development during adolescence has lifelong consequences; developmental assets frameworks contribute to the well-being of newcomers, including avoiding high-risk behaviors and engaging in positive or thriving behaviors. One of the main concerns of educational systems is trying to find ways to improve students' academic performance. The statistical population of the research was all ninth grade students of Qazvin province. Various psychological factors can affect academic performance. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of internal and external developmental assets in predicting the academic performance of ninth grade students in work and technology and social studies. With the cluster sampling strategy, the questionnaires were provided to the students in a Shad environment. Regression analysis was used to determine the contribution of independent variables in predicting the dependent variable. The results of the present study indicate that the correlation (relationship) between the variable of developmental assets and its subscales and students 'performance in work and technology and social studies is significant, which with increasing students' developmental assets score, their academic performance also improves. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
105 - Considerations taken into account in text-book compilation in the republic of Azarbayjan
elnaz mahmoudavaText-book compilation needs change and development. Some textbooks are not up-to-date. As a result in the long run, they cause harm. After its independence, the republic of Azarbayjan had reviewed its text-books in schools. The road-map of text-book compilation has also MoreText-book compilation needs change and development. Some textbooks are not up-to-date. As a result in the long run, they cause harm. After its independence, the republic of Azarbayjan had reviewed its text-books in schools. The road-map of text-book compilation has also been formulated. Within 2003-2005, text-books were distributed free among first up to 11th grades. Within 2000-2007, 250 original text books were compiled. In 2002, text book compilation in German, English, and French started. Currently, textbook compilation in French and English has been finished. They are being reviewed and re-developed Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
106 - Investigation of relationship between invitational education and intelligence beliefs in high school students of Kashmar
hosein mahdiyan hasan asadzadeh hasan shabani ghodsi ahghar hasan ahadiThe present study has been carried out with aim of Investigation of relationship between invitational education and intelligence beliefs in high school students of Kashmar . The research population include all male and female students studying at high schools in the aca MoreThe present study has been carried out with aim of Investigation of relationship between invitational education and intelligence beliefs in high school students of Kashmar . The research population include all male and female students studying at high schools in the academic year of 2009-2010 in Kashmar. The research sample includes 540 students (270 females, 270 males), selected through multi-stagerandom sampling: the city was divided into three regions (north, center, south), then four schools in each region and three classes in each school were randomly selected. Research instruments include (a) invitational teaching survey(Amos, Purkey, Tobias, 1980; Revised 1990; shaw2003); (b) intelligence beliefs questionnaire (Zabihi, 2005). Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation, one-sided ANOVA, and t-test. The results showed that (a) there is a significant relationship between invitational education components and those of intelligence beliefs; (b) there is differences between female and male students’ beliefs about invitational education; (c)there is differences between students’ beliefs about invitational education from various grade, and (d) intelligence beliefs are different among male and female students. The finding have some implications for education and effective learning, which are discussed in this article. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
107 - The Role of Normative and Social Components in the Formation of Political Legitimacy
Behrang Taheri Mohammad Tohidfam Seyed Mostafa AbtahiPolitical legitimacy in the ancient world was mainly normative in nature. But in the modern world, this concept, while maintaining some normative elements within itself, has found a deep connection with the public will and the demands of citizens. According to this, pol MorePolitical legitimacy in the ancient world was mainly normative in nature. But in the modern world, this concept, while maintaining some normative elements within itself, has found a deep connection with the public will and the demands of citizens. According to this, political legitimacy has a two-faceted nature that simultaneously reflects the normative and social characteristics of a society and creates the primary and secondary legitimacy of the system, respectively. In this article, with the qualitative approach and descriptive-analytical method, we explain the legitimacy of political systems based on the two normative and social foundations of legitimacy. The hypothesis ahead is that long-term continuity of legitimacy requires maintaining the distance between the two foundations of the legitimacy building of the system through continuous legitimization; in such a way that occurrence of crisis in the secondary legitimacy of the system does not cause the crisis to spread to its primary legitimacy. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
108 - Testing the Fit of the Strategic Model for the Development of Basic Sports Based on Macro-Sports Policies
Ramesh Ramshini Hossein Peymanizad Hassan Fahim Mohammad Reza Esmaeilzadeh GhandehariThe test was to fit the strategic model of basic sports development. The present study was applied research and in terms of data was quantitative and analysis method was descriptive-correlational and data collection was done in the field. The statistical population incl MoreThe test was to fit the strategic model of basic sports development. The present study was applied research and in terms of data was quantitative and analysis method was descriptive-correlational and data collection was done in the field. The statistical population includes all club managers, coaches, and athletes of all age groups of the province's teams in basic sports equal to 333 people. Samples were randomly selected based on the Morgan table. Data collection was a 63-item researcher-made questionnaire with 2 dimensions (organizational and extra-organizational strategies) and a 5-point Likert scale. Convergence and divergence validity were used to evaluate the construct validity of the instrument and Cronbach and Gutmann alpha coefficients were used to evaluate the reliability of the instrument. Data analysis was performed using descriptive and inferential statistical methods and SPSS and LISREL software. The general evaluation of the basic sports development strategies model has a strong and desirable fit. The average rankings among the components of organizational strategies, hardware strategy in the first place and among extra-organizational strategies, media strategy in the first place in the development of basic sports. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
109 - Designing a competency model for educational and training leaders of rural and nomadic schools in the primary school of the Ministry of Education
noormohammad soltani mohammadreza rabiee mandejin mohammad hakak Mina Jamshidi avanakiThe purpose of conducting the research is to design a competency model for rural school leaders appropriate to the real situation of education, which was done by a mixed method. This qualitative research is based on data foundation theory and using a purposeful approach MoreThe purpose of conducting the research is to design a competency model for rural school leaders appropriate to the real situation of education, which was done by a mixed method. This qualitative research is based on data foundation theory and using a purposeful approach and applying theoretical saturation criteria, semi-structured interviews have been conducted with 21 experts. In open coding, a total of 684 open or primary codes were extracted from the total number of interviews conducted with experts in this field. From the total of open source, 112 basic concepts were extracted. In the next step, the basic concepts were classified into 22 coherent categories according to the aspects of similarity and semantic differentiation: causal conditions (institutionalizing the semantic position of leadership, correct understanding in recognizing the nature of leadership possibilities , Strengthening the contextual / thematic knowledge of leaders, Utilitarian selection of leaders), Phenomenon (content knowledge, leadership skills, leadership abilities, individual-personality competencies), Intervention conditions (continuous evaluation / performance of leaders, Weakness of sharing) ...), contextual conditions (specific policy in the field of educational leadership, leader as a leader - not an inspector), strategies (capacity building and participatory needs assessment, development - self-directed plans ...), consequences (leader as a facilitator, adjustment Teacher / school relations, justice and educational empowerment ...) have been analyzed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
110 - Designing and Evaluating Psychometric Properties of Persian Version of Hassani’s Emotional Active Memory Software Test in Fifth Grade Female Students
ilnaz sajadian mozhgan hassani mohamadali nadiAbstract The present study aimed at designing and evaluating the psychometric properties of Hassani’s Emotional Active Memory Software Test on a sample of 80 fifth grade female students in public schools of Tehran during the academic year 2016-2017. They were sel MoreAbstract The present study aimed at designing and evaluating the psychometric properties of Hassani’s Emotional Active Memory Software Test on a sample of 80 fifth grade female students in public schools of Tehran during the academic year 2016-2017. They were selected via two multistage cluster sampling and purposive methods. The test consists of 8 blocks, each consists of 12 exercises. 3 blocks is performed for each subject selected randomly. The stimuli have a number of emoji with emotional loads and marks. To investigate the psychometric properties, test-retest reliability coefficient with 20 days interval was employed. The correlation coefficients ranged from 0.68 to 0.75. In addition, validity of the test was assessed using content validity and criterion validity techniques by comparing "matched groups". The first group consisted of 20 normal students, and the second group included 20 students with active memory deficits and low cognitive emotion regulation. The second group’s subjects were identified by two the Wechsler Memory Scale (WMS) and Garnefski’s Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ). The results of comparing mean scores of the two groups in different parts of the test showed a significant difference between the performance of them (p = 0.001). Therefore, Hassani’s Active Memory Software Test has good reliability and validity and can be used to measure emotional memory in psychological studies in the mentioned age range. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
111 - Study the Situation of Components of Social Competence in Curriculum Design of Sixth Grade, From the Perspective of Teachers
Mehr Hosseini Soheila ZalbeigiThe principal aim of the present study was review the situation of components of social competence in curriculum Design of sixth grade, from the perspective of teachers. The population and sample were the same and includes all 50 teachers of sixth grad MoreThe principal aim of the present study was review the situation of components of social competence in curriculum Design of sixth grade, from the perspective of teachers. The population and sample were the same and includes all 50 teachers of sixth grade elementary of Takestan city. Research tool was Social Competence Questionnaire of Felner with minor changes in asking method of questions. Face and content validity and reliability of the questionnaire in Cronbach's alpha method were verified. Research method was Descriptive - survey. The results showed that the Cognitive aspect of social competence in the sixth grade textbook is significantly at a lower level than average. The behavior aspect and thriller aspect and emotional aspect of social competence in the sixth grade textbook is non-significantly at a higher level than average. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
112 - The Comparison of the professional skills of professors of Human sciences, Basic Science, Islamic Azad University in Mazandaran Province
Mohammad Hajizad Mohammad SalehiThe purpose of this Survey and Comparison of the professional skills of professors of human sciences Basic Science, Islamic Azad University, Mazandaran Province is Methods research field is a community of Statistical all teachers employed to teach Courses humanities sci MoreThe purpose of this Survey and Comparison of the professional skills of professors of human sciences Basic Science, Islamic Azad University, Mazandaran Province is Methods research field is a community of Statistical all teachers employed to teach Courses humanities sciences based on academic year 89-90 to number of the 53,000 people in 1530 professors 100Student’s samples are selected by simple random sampling method. In this study the questionnaire instrument (survey their teachers) students (containing 25 questions with Likert scale) were used. Data are described and analyzed in 2 levels, descriptive (by using frequency distribution, percent, and average) and inferential (by using T). the results of the overall research indicates that awareness masters of professional skills in the sciences Human Science Foundation in its survey is the same test, but given the significant level of students (Sig = 0/04 <0/05) can be concluded that awareness Azmharthay professional masters courses in basic sciences and the humanities differ is. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
113 - A Study of the Social and Individual Factors Affecting Educational Motivation among High School Students of Arasbaran Region.
Mohammad Abbaszadeh Mohammad Bager Alizadeh Agdam Kamal KoohiThe present research studies the individual and social factors affecting the educational motivation among high school students. The aim of the research is to identify the individual and social factors that affect educational motivation. The research method is survey, an MoreThe present research studies the individual and social factors affecting the educational motivation among high school students. The aim of the research is to identify the individual and social factors that affect educational motivation. The research method is survey, and the data collection device is a questionnaire. Sampling is based on stratified-simple random sampling. The sample size is 496 high school students. After testing the research hypotheses, the following results were obtained: There is a significant relation between social facilities, mental factors, group factors, educational level, management-educational factors, age, and educational motivation. In addition, the study revealed that the students, educational motivation is different according to their educational stage, gender, and educational courses. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
114 - The approach of the International Criminal Court regarding the criminal immunity of high-ranking government officials
javad Hoseymikhah karam janipour ghavam karimiThe immunity of high-ranking government officials from the domestic courts of other countries has led to various international procedures and approaches to immunity, responsibility, the formation of mixed criminal courts, and the use of UN Security Council capacities to MoreThe immunity of high-ranking government officials from the domestic courts of other countries has led to various international procedures and approaches to immunity, responsibility, the formation of mixed criminal courts, and the use of UN Security Council capacities to establish criminal courts between Has created a special international. In parallel with the escalation of large-scale international crime, especially during World War II and the subsequent establishment of the Nuremberg and Tokyo tribunals, the principle of immunity of high-ranking government officials from international crime faced many challenges, culminating in Considered the formation of criminal courts related to the former Yugoslavia and Rwanda and finally the adoption of the Rome Statute to establish the International Criminal Court. Although the legal and judicial procedure of the Court indicates the non-acceptance of immunity arising from official position due to the commission of international crimes, but the descriptive-analytical study of this issue shows the existence of serious challenges and limitations before the Court in performing its legal duties. They can be attributed to the role of political considerations, incompatibility in rulings with acts committed, non-cooperation of member states in cooperating with the Court for various reasons, limitations on the jurisdiction and type and timing of acts committed, as well as restrictions on the relationship between the Court and The UN Security Council noted. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
115 - انواع استعاره های دستوری در داستان هری پاتر و زندانیان آزکابان
نسا نبی فر حامد کاظم زاداستعاره دستوری یکی از پدیده های جدید زبانی است که هلیدی (1985) بر پایه چهار چوب نظری دستور نقش گرای معرفی کرد.تامسون (2004) اعتقاد دارد که منشاء اصلی استعاره دستوری باید اسم سازی باشد که درآن صورت اسمی سعی بر معرفی صورت فعلی دارد  Moreاستعاره دستوری یکی از پدیده های جدید زبانی است که هلیدی (1985) بر پایه چهار چوب نظری دستور نقش گرای معرفی کرد.تامسون (2004) اعتقاد دارد که منشاء اصلی استعاره دستوری باید اسم سازی باشد که درآن صورت اسمی سعی بر معرفی صورت فعلی دارد به عبارت دیگر،صورت فعلی با فرایند متفاوتش به صورت اسمی بیان می شود.وی در ادامه ابراز می کند که هر عبارتی هم می تواند به صورت استعاری و هم به صورت پایه بیان شود.این پژو هش داستان هری پاتر و زندانی آ زکابان را برای یافتن استعاره های دستوری به کاربرده شده در دو فصل اول مورد بررسی قرار داده است. این مطا لعه قصد تشخیص نمو نه های اسم سازی استعاره دستوری در دو فصل اول هری پاتر و زندانی آ زکابان و ارائه صورت اصلی استعاره های دستوری دارد. در مر حله بعدی صورت های اصلی عبارات با صورت های استعا ره ای مورد مقایسه قرار گرفته اند تا فشردگی واژگانی عبارات را کشف کند.فشر دگی واژگانی با استفاده از نر م افزار کنکوردنس بدست آورده شد.نتایج این مطالعه به صورت خیلی شفاف مزیت کاربرد استعاره دستوری را در نوشتار بزرگسالان که هلیدی (1985) آن را نکته ی قابل توجه در ارتباط با استعاره دستوری می داند ، را نشان می دهد .نتا یج حاصل به صورت کمی ارائه شده اند و نشان داده شد که استعاره دستوری فشردگی واژگانی را افزایش می دهد که باز هم هلیدی (2004) ادعا می کند آن ویژگی متمایز استعاره دستوری است .بر پایه یا فته های این پژو هش می توان به چند دستاورد آموزشی برای نوشتار ادبی ،خواندن و هم چنین معلمان دست اندر کار دروس نوشتار و خواندن اشاره کرد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
116 - Concept and Domain of Fraud in Letters of Credit: Comparative Study in English, American and Iranian Law and Jurisprudence
Javad Baharlou Seyyed Qasem JafarzadehBy virtue of the autonomy principle in letter of credit and independent guarantees any dispute relates to the underlying transaction shall not have any effect on the payment process. Nevertheless, in case of fraud by beneficiary, applicant may be entitled to stop the pa MoreBy virtue of the autonomy principle in letter of credit and independent guarantees any dispute relates to the underlying transaction shall not have any effect on the payment process. Nevertheless, in case of fraud by beneficiary, applicant may be entitled to stop the payment process. Although proving of bad faith is necessary in England law, but with regard to rules uniform commercial code and United Nations convention on independent guarantees, stand-by letters of credit applicant are not required to prove any sort of bad faith by the beneficiary. It is sufficient for the applicant to prove that demand for payment can be treated as illegitimate. Notwithstanding, it is suggested that fraud exception shall not be restricted to making fraud in document. If beneficiary makes any fraud in underlying transaction, the applicant shall be entitled to apply for injunctive relief to stop payment process. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
117 - Justifying the Principle of not Paying Attention to the Objections in Patent Rights from Jurisprudential Point of View
Ahmad Esfandiari gholamali seifi zeinabUnlike the legal system that considers the transfer of debt to be absolutely independent of of influence of cause and even if it proves to be null or void, it has been recognized in accordance with the general rules of Islamic jurisprudence and civil law. Also, it is co MoreUnlike the legal system that considers the transfer of debt to be absolutely independent of of influence of cause and even if it proves to be null or void, it has been recognized in accordance with the general rules of Islamic jurisprudence and civil law. Also, it is considered to be one of the pillars of any legal action, and such a transfer is, as a matter of fact, absolutely influenced by the original relationship. In the relationship between the hands entered in negotiable instrument, there is an important deviation, from the general mentioned rule, and that is when the negotiable instrument is circulated after its signature and submission to the first holder by indorsment, there is not heared the objections of invalidation or inexistence of original relationship by previous hands. This concept of negotiable instruments law have been called not Paying Attention to the Objections in Patent Rights. Because of the appearance of a clear conflict with established jurisprudential rules and traditional laws and invalidity as the origin of the right, it is unacceptable for a person bound by jurisprudential principles but in order to consider institutions in which the lawmaker has appointed persons to be trustworthy to appearance or merely because they have genuine confidence in the emergence of the rightful owner, on the one hand, and the precision of the jurisprudential institutions that make individuals responsible for the caused damages on the other, it obliges them to e indicate that the mentioned principle is jurisprudentially justifiable. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
118 - The Factor Analysis, validity, Reliability and Standardization of Eryılmaz Positive Teacher Scale of Among 10th Grade Female High School Student
somayeh soltani dezaki mohammad ali nadi ilnaz sajadianIn literature, positive features of teachers have been investigated under many dimensions. Positive teacher studies focus more on positive teacher-student relationships. The aim of this research was to Investigation of factor construction, validity, reliability and stan MoreIn literature, positive features of teachers have been investigated under many dimensions. Positive teacher studies focus more on positive teacher-student relationships. The aim of this research was to Investigation of factor construction, validity, reliability and standardization the scale of positive teacher 280 Second grade students were multistage cluster randomly selected as sample of thestudy from high school in Tehran in year 2019-2020. These students responded to the Eryılmaz Positive Teacher Questionnaire. In the reliability of the study, Chronbachʼs Alpha coefficient, Guttman, Spearman -Brown and in the validity of confirmatory factor analysis have been used. The Cronbach’s Alpha coefficients were found to be 0.73 for positive teacher scale, and 0.95, 0.83, 0.82, 0.88, 0.94, 0.91 for Subscales) satisfying students need for competence, building positive relationships with students, concretize the subject which is taught, being extravert, supporting students flow experience and supporting students class engagement (respectively. The exploratory factor analysis of the scale showed that it has six factors with opimal fit indices. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
119 - Development and Validation of basic Education System Evaluation Tool from the Perspective of Entrepreneurship Education Infrastructure
farzad gholoubi maryam Taghvaeeyazdi saeid safariyan hamedaniThis study aimed to develop and validate an evaluation tool for the basic education system from the perspective of the infrastructure of entrepreneurship education, using a mixed approach that combined qualitative and quantitative methods. In the qualitative part of the MoreThis study aimed to develop and validate an evaluation tool for the basic education system from the perspective of the infrastructure of entrepreneurship education, using a mixed approach that combined qualitative and quantitative methods. In the qualitative part of the study, a targeted sampling method was used to select 12 experts who were interviewed through semi-structured interviews with theoretical saturation criteria. In the quantitative part, a multistage cluster random sampling method was used to select 385 teachers, principals, and counselors from three elementary, middle, and high school levels. The results of the interviews were analyzed using MAXQDA 2020 software, and all the constituent categories of the evaluation of the basic education system were determined from the perspective of the infrastructure of entrepreneurship education. A questionnaire with 36 questions in three dimensions (fundamental, structural, process) was developed, and the form, the structural validity and content validity of the questionnaire were examined and as result three questions were removed. The results showed that all questions had a factor loading of 0.7 or higher and an average variance extracted of 0.5 or higher, and the reliability of both criteria (alpha Cronbach, composite reliability) of all dimensions was above 0.9. The designed tool has good validity and reliability and can be used to evaluate the basic education system from the perspective of entrepreneurship education infrastructure. These findings provide valuable insights into the evaluation of the basic education system and highlights the importance of entrepreneurship education in this context. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
120 - The Effect of Homework on Mathematics Achievement of Sixth Grade Elementary School Students in Urmia
Hasan Yousefzadeh Parviz SarandiThe aim of this study was to investigat the effect of homework on mathematics achievement of sixth grade elementary students in Urmia. The study was a quasi-experimental research with pretest - posttest design and control group. The statistical population consisted of a MoreThe aim of this study was to investigat the effect of homework on mathematics achievement of sixth grade elementary students in Urmia. The study was a quasi-experimental research with pretest - posttest design and control group. The statistical population consisted of all sixth grade students during the academic year 1393-1394 in Urmia. The sampling method was multistage random sampling in which 60 students in three experimental and one control groups (each including 15 students) were selected. To gather the data, the participants’ mathematics achievement tests scores, and Ravens standard progressive matrices were used. To analyze the data, the researchers used covariance analysis. The results showed that all three types of assignment, practice, preparation, and combined, have an effect on the participants’ mathematice achievement, but the effect of combined assignment (practice and prepation) were more than the effect of practice and preparation alone. Also, the effect of preparation assignment was far more than practice assignment. Based on the findings it can be concluded that teachers and education staff can assign practice and preparation assignment together to improve studentsʼ educational outcomes Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
121 - The Study of the Relationship Between Study Habits And Educational Self-efficacy, academic performance in Babol third grade Guidanc School Students
Hossien Nazari Shaker Kazem Fath Tabar Firozjayi Mohammad Reza KeramatiIn this study the relationship between study habits and educational self-efficacy, and academic performance third grade guidance school students in the academic year 2010-2011 has been examined 180 students (90 girls and 90 boys) were chosen as our sample size by MoreIn this study the relationship between study habits and educational self-efficacy, and academic performance third grade guidance school students in the academic year 2010-2011 has been examined 180 students (90 girls and 90 boys) were chosen as our sample size by random cluster sampling method. The data were gathered by Morgan-Jinks self-efficacy questionnaire (1999), and palsane and sharma study habits inventory (PSSHI). correlation coefficient model, T-test, and stepwise regression were used to determine. The relationship between variables, comparing girls and boys, and determining the forecast of variables, respectively. The results of the study showed that academic performance of students was correlated with 4 subscales of study habits (“talent” and “effort” subscales in 0.01, “memory” subscale in 0.01, and “try” subscale in 0.05 level of significance). There was no significant difference between two genders in study variables. The results of stepwise regression showed that subscales of talent, memory, physical status, and note-taking can explain 0.25 of academic performance variance among girls; only two subscales (talent and memory) can explain 0.16 of academic performance variance among boys. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
122 - A study of life skills assessment among first grade high school students
Fariba Karimi Saeideh FekriThe purpose of the study was to determine high-school first grander students' life-skills in Takab Township. The research method was descriptive survey. The statistical included all the first grade students which added up to 1270 people, out of which 100 people was chos MoreThe purpose of the study was to determine high-school first grander students' life-skills in Takab Township. The research method was descriptive survey. The statistical included all the first grade students which added up to 1270 people, out of which 100 people was chosen as the sample size. The sampling method was random stage sampling. To gather the data the life skills standard questionnaire which included problem solving, empathy, creative thinking, decision making, coping with emotions and stress, critical Hinking, effective communication, self-awareness, interpersonal relationship. The face and content validity was confirmed by experts and according to cronbach’s alpha coefficient , the questionnaire’s reliability was 0.85.Data analysis was accomplished in two levels of descriptive statistics and inferential statistics.(T test for a single mean, t test for independent). Findings showed that First-grade students’ enjoyment in decision making skill, problem solving, critical thinking and interpersonal relationship was average and in other skills was less than average. Student’s highest level of enjoyment was in critical thinking skill and their lowest level of enjoyment was in creative thinking skill. There is a significant difference between male and female students in Effective Communication skill and the average scores of girls were more than boys. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
123 - On the Relationship of Academic Self-efficacy with Academic Buoyancy: the Mediating Role of Basic Psychological Needs
Hassanali Vayskarami Fazlollah Mir Darikvand Samira Ghara Veysi Majid SolaymaniThe purpose of this study was to investigating the mediating role of basic psychological needs in the relationship between academic self-efficacy and academic buoyancy. It was a descriptive and correlational study and the statistical population included all female high MoreThe purpose of this study was to investigating the mediating role of basic psychological needs in the relationship between academic self-efficacy and academic buoyancy. It was a descriptive and correlational study and the statistical population included all female high school students in the city of Sanandaj, in the school year of 2018-19. Three hundred thirty-six students were selected using multi-stage random sampling. The instrument were academic self-efficacy, academic buoyancy, and basic psychological needs questionnaires. AMOS-22 statistical software was used for data analysis. The results showed that academic self-efficacy was positively related to and influenced by academic buoyancy. Academic self-efficacy was also positively related to and influenced by basic psychological needs. Moreover, basic psychological needs were positively related to and influenced by academic buoyancy. Finally, basic psychological needs played a mediating role in the relationship between academic self-efficacy and academic buoyancy. Self-efficacy training and attention to the basic psychological needs of students will affect their academic buoyancy. Therefore, it is expected that students' parents and their teachers will provide them with the necessary basic psychological needs and positive attitudes about their ability to successfully perform an activity. Students will then find effective and adaptive solutions to their academic challenges. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
124 - A study of the major research problems and obstacles and presenting proper procedures for them in Islamic azad uuniversity in Abhar
Majid Bagerzadeh khaje Rasul HojatiResearch is a acientific method of finding solutions to problems and creating knowledge. A society in which scientific belief has become a common culture, seeks scientific solutions to solve a problem. The researcher discusses three main issues in this regard: A- MoreResearch is a acientific method of finding solutions to problems and creating knowledge. A society in which scientific belief has become a common culture, seeks scientific solutions to solve a problem. The researcher discusses three main issues in this regard: A- Studying the research condition, research and development. B- Realizing the scientific educational difficulties due to official_regulations C- Presenting general procedures to remove the obstacles out of the way of research at Abhar Islamic Azad University. The variables under investigation are official, executive, legal, statistical-informational, cultural, structural and scientific-educational obstacles. This research is applied-descriptive.Through internet and available sources, the most recent documents, studies and obstacles are collected.The statistical population included researchers and professors at Abhar Islamic Azad University. The data were collected through two researcher made questionnaires. The analyses of data, inferential and descriptive statistics were used with the help of SPSS and EXCEL softwares. The results showed that low and weak performances of the managers and research officials' attitudes lead to low level of demand for research within the universities. The other factor is the lack of optimal utility of research funds along with the educational system which due to weakness is not able to train researchers.Official executive regulations are so complicated and tiresome and long that decreases or even stops the speed of research project. The study is an attempt to find how these two methods can be compromised to present an integrative solution .This is done by means of proposing an integrative construction on the basis of foundations and diminutions of both theories.It also tries to have an access to a new construction of Extended Enterprise by concentrating on the concepts of each theory instead of focusing on merely practical aspects of them. In order to improve the concept of methods of Extended Enterprise, Supply chain management and Theory of Constraints,extensive library studies and interviews with experts have been done and it has helped the formation of the primary results.On the basis of the primary results and Delphi method,a group of experts including teachers,managers,and industrial experts were interviewed. Research hypotheses and probable results were explained on the basis of the information extracted from the studies and interviews.The results were explained on the basis of the form of questionnaires among experts for more comments. On the basis of total views and comments, a closed-answer researcher made questionnaire was prepared and distributed among teachers, high-rank managers, industrial experts, and MA students.The collected data were summarized and analyzed baye means of statistical analysis (Chi square). The results represent aspects of integration of the two methods and make it clear that the integrated method meets the needs of Extended Enterprise.On the basis of this integrated method, and for the construction of Extended Enterprise, some characteristics of organization construct, conceptual pattern of decision processing, decision making tool, characteristics of impressive leadership and organizational culture have been proposed. KeyWords: Production System, Compitition Advantage, Extended Enterprise, Production Management System, Supply Chain Management, Theory of Constraints, Basic Theory and Shortcomings. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
125 - Developing the Supply Chain Management (SCM) Model and Using the Theory of Constraints (TOC)
Rasol Hoji majid bagherzadeh khajehThe improvement of organizational processes, as well as their homogeneity, is the new essence of the theory of organization. Manifestation of the concept of Extended Enterprise (EE) which convinces the organization to find homogeneous solutions has been realized for thi MoreThe improvement of organizational processes, as well as their homogeneity, is the new essence of the theory of organization. Manifestation of the concept of Extended Enterprise (EE) which convinces the organization to find homogeneous solutions has been realized for this reason. Different methods have contributed to the development of this concept and during the recent years the method of Supply Chain Management (SCM) has taken the most impressive steps. This method needs to be developed and modified because of its limitations and weak points. One of the ways to improve this method is through the integration of this method with other methods. Regarding the needs of this method, one of the impressive ways of integration is the Theory of Constraints (TOC). So the main research questions of this study are as follows: How can we integrate the method of supply chain management with the theory of constraints and what are the integration cases? Does the integrative method of SCM and TOC meet the needs of Extended Enterprise method and help its new construction? Thus the present study attempts to extend the concept of Extended Enterprise, Supply Chain Management, and Theory of Constraints, and tries to present a new method by integrating these methods and proposes a new construction model for Extended Enterprise. The research hypotheses are as follows: A: Method of Supply Chain Management and Theory of Constraints can be integrated by means of their basic elements and key diminutions. B: Integrative method of SCM and TOC leads to a new construction of Extended Enterprise and can meet the essential needs of this method. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
126 - بررسی تأثیر برگزاری کارگاه آموزشی مهارتهای تدریس بر عملکرد تدریس اساتید در کلاسهای درسی دانشجویان دانشگاه
علی اصغر شجاعی احمد علی فروغی نرگس سعیدیانهدف پژوهش حاضر بررسی تأثیر برگزاری کارگاه مهارت­های تدریس بر عملکرد اعضاء هیأت علمی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد بابل میباشد که با روش شبه تجربی انجام گرفته است جامعه آماری این تحقیق کلیه اعضای هیأت علمی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد بابل در سال تحصیلی 92-1391 بوده که حدود Moreهدف پژوهش حاضر بررسی تأثیر برگزاری کارگاه مهارت­های تدریس بر عملکرد اعضاء هیأت علمی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد بابل میباشد که با روش شبه تجربی انجام گرفته است جامعه آماری این تحقیق کلیه اعضای هیأت علمی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد بابل در سال تحصیلی 92-1391 بوده که حدود 120 نفر میباشند و با استفاده از نمونهگیری تصادفی ساده 35 نفر به عنوان نمونه آماری انتخاب شدند ابزار مورد استفاده پرسشنامه محقق ساخته بود که دارای روایی صوری بوده و پایانی آن نیز با استفاده از ضریب آلفای کرونباخ بالای 90 صدم محاسبه گردید. بعد از برگزاری کارگاه آموزشی مهارت­های تدریس نتایج زیر حاصل گردید. بررسی آماری نشان می­دهد تفاوت معنی­داری بین نمرات اساتید زن و مرد وجود ندارد. همچنین مشخص شد کارگاه آموزشی مهارت­های تدریس برحسب رشته تحصیلی تفاوت معنی­داری بین اساتید گروه علوم اجتماعی وعلوم پایه وجود ندارد و اساتید با هر مرتبه علمی (مربی، استادیار) به یک اندازه ازکارگاه آموزشی مهارت­های تدریس متأثر بودند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
127 - توصیف کمی اثر کاهش پتانسیل آب بر جوانه زنی بذر کرچک (Ricinus communis L.) با استفاده از مدلهای هیدروتایم
ابوالفضل درخشان حامد اکبری بهنام کامکار سیدعلی محمد مدرس ثانوی -
Open Access Article
128 - واکاوی تاثیر سامانه کم فشار سودانی بر بارش های رگباری ناحیه کوه پایهای داخلی ایران
محسن فنودی کمال امیدوار احمد مزیدی -
Open Access Article
129 - Comparison of different methods with common method of producing land use/cover maps of natural resources studies (Case Study, Ghoshchi watershed, Urmia)
ardavan ghorbani Azad Kakehmami Mahmood Mohamad hasanpoor Farnoosh Aslami sahar ghafari Arash Raufi masolePrivate companies as consulting engineers play important role to the study of natural resources. Land use map is one of the information generated in the studies by the consulting engineer that the accuracy of this information is effective on the final results, expenditu MorePrivate companies as consulting engineers play important role to the study of natural resources. Land use map is one of the information generated in the studies by the consulting engineer that the accuracy of this information is effective on the final results, expenditures spending on the natural resources and future projects. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the capability of the visual interpretation of images from Google Earth (GE) in comparison with the map, which was produced by consulting engineers and object-based interpretation of Landsat images as a new and low-cost method for land use /cover mapping in the natural resources studies of Iran. For this purpose, the land use/cover map provided by consulting engineers (2007) was compared with land use maps, which was produced using object-based method of TM Image (2007) with eCognition software and GE images (visual interpretation) with ArcGIS software (2009) in terms of accuracy assessment results. Overall accuracy and Kappa of the land use/cover maps using GE images were 0.99 % and 0.99, and Overall accuracy and Kappa of consultant engineers and object-based method based on Landsat image were calculated 59% and 0.32, and 89% and 86%, respectively. Result of the study demonstrated the high capability of the GE images in land use/cover mapping. Overall, the map generated from the GE image has higher accuracy in comparison with the other two maps, and the map produced by the consultant engineers with the low Kappa coefficient was unacceptable. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
130 - The effect of salinity stress on the morphophysiological characteristics of some pomegranate genotypes
Sareh Sabahi Azam Jafari Ali Momenpour Mostafa ShirmardiPomegranate is one of the most important horticultural products that cultivated in many tropical and subtropical parts of the world. Meanwhile, in some pomegranate orchards, salinity stress is one of the abiotic stresses that harm agricultural crops such as pomegranate MorePomegranate is one of the most important horticultural products that cultivated in many tropical and subtropical parts of the world. Meanwhile, in some pomegranate orchards, salinity stress is one of the abiotic stresses that harm agricultural crops such as pomegranate production by reducing productivity. This research aims to compare growth characteristics between selected genotypes including 1- Chah Afzal 2- Vahshi Babolsar, 3- Narak Lasjerd Semnan 4- Poost Siahe Yazd, 5- Malase Yazdi, 6- Rababe Neyriz, under salinity stress, in a randomized complete block design with three replicaions at Chah Afzal research station of Ardakan city. During the whole experiment, the trees were irrigated with saline water with salinity of 9 ± 0.5 dS/m every 12 days. Based on the results of this research and considering the lowest amount of ion leakage, the highest content of relative humidity and potassium, the high amount of total chlorophyll, carotenoid and leaf surface ratio, the lowest sodium to potassium ratio and necrosis percentage Chah Afzal genotype showed very good resistance to salinity conditions, followed by Poost Siahe Yazd, Vahshi Babolsar, Narak Lasjerd, Malase Yazdi and finally Rababe Neyriz were highly sensitive to salinity. According to the results of cluster analysis, the highest similarity between genotypes based on the parameters mentioned above was between the Narak Lasjerd and Malase Yazdi. The highest difference between Chah Afzal genotype and other genotypes was registered. This shows a significant difference in the superiority of Chah Afzal genotype over other genotypes in total traits. Therefore, due to the compatibility and proper growth of these genotypes in saline conditions, it is suggested that they could be used as a rootstock and the cvs. Malase Yazdi and Rababe Neyriz, which also produced flowers and fruits in saline conditions, can be grafted on them. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
131 - تأثیر غلظت های مختلف نفتالین استیک اسید و ایندول بوتریک اسید بر روی ریشه زایی قلمه های نیمه خشبی نارنج و نارنج سه برگ
شهروز حبیبی کوتنایی -
Open Access Article
132 - Constructing the Basic Urban Study Units Based on MAUP (A Case Study of Demographic Zoning of Zanjan)
Hassanali Faraji Sabokbar marzieh sedaghatkish Alireza RahmatiIn any type of geographic data analysis defining the primary unit has direct effect on the results. The key point in spatial studies is the exact definition of areal units. The necessity of defining the basic unit of study is that for instance if once we examine the rel MoreIn any type of geographic data analysis defining the primary unit has direct effect on the results. The key point in spatial studies is the exact definition of areal units. The necessity of defining the basic unit of study is that for instance if once we examine the relationship between income and crime rate in the neighborhood unit and again in the level of urban area, different results will be obtained. This problem originates from the fact that raw data (e.g. census) are shown in the census block format. So we have to aggregate this data into neighborhood units and urban areas or any other basic unit for our study. Since the choice of these basic units does not have any rule and is arbitrary, different results will be obtained. In fact results of statistical analysis are not independent of the scale at which analysis has been done. This problem was first identified by Gehlke and Biehlin as modifiable areal unit problem (MAUP). The purpose of this study is to identify the basic areal units which make the least bias in raw data after data aggregation in the unit. We have applied a comparative research method and layers of census blocks are utilized for statistical analysis. In this article, we have selected three basic units based on urban network, urban locality and fishnet as well as using twenty demographic indicators and measures of central dispersion and correlation to examine the effect of MAUP. The results indicate that rectangular base unit is less affected by the MAUP. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
133 - Economic Modeling of Restricting the cryptocurrency market on ransomware attacks
Mehran Garmehi Sarah Rahimi DevinThe purpose of this article is to investigate the effect of policies restricting access to the cryptocurrency market on the process of countering ransomware attacks. To this purpose, by reflecting on the details of a ransomware attack, we model the economy of these atta MoreThe purpose of this article is to investigate the effect of policies restricting access to the cryptocurrency market on the process of countering ransomware attacks. To this purpose, by reflecting on the details of a ransomware attack, we model the economy of these attacks and examine the impact of economic variables on the damage caused by them, and through the data obtained from a field study, it has been shown that the relationship between attackers' profits and the damage caused by the attack is non-linear and has local maximums and minimums, and any countermeasures in response to these attacks must be carefully considered in the consequences from an economic point of view.The results show that in a ransomware attack, an attacker may achieve almost the same profit by setting several different amounts of ransom and inflicting several different amounts of total damage. Thus, it is demonstrated that it is important not to adopt policies that may lead the attacker to demand the amounts of ransom that cause further damage. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
134 - Impact of Economic Freedom on the Development of Banking Sector in Iran
A. Shahabadi R. Davari KishAbstract The most important aspect of financial development is the banking sector that has significant impact on the process of equipping the savings, identifying investment opportunities and diversifying the risk. Economic freedom is a determinant factor in developing MoreAbstract The most important aspect of financial development is the banking sector that has significant impact on the process of equipping the savings, identifying investment opportunities and diversifying the risk. Economic freedom is a determinant factor in developing the banking sector. The increase of economic freedom provides the setting of financial resources equipment, strengthens the sense of bank deposit in general population to guide them for limited capital in productive activities. Hence, in this study, the impact of economic freedom index on the development of the banking sector in Iran during 1980-2011 will be discussed. The results represent that economic freedom and its components have a significant and positive relationship to the development of banking sector. Also, based on the results, the estimation of the impact of central bank foreign assets on monetary base and Real interest rate on the development of banking sector is positive and significant. Also, the effect of public sector debt to central bank on monetary base is negative but significant. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
135 - Verb morphological structure in the Kupaee dialect
Fatemezahra Eshaghi Kupaie Mohammadreza Masoumi Ali Asmand JoneghaniKohpayeh, Vir and Qahpayeh as old names, is a city located seventy kilometers east of Isfahan and on the edge of the central desert of Iran. The geographical and natural position of Kohpayeh, based on the historical evidence is the leftover of the Sasanian era, along wi MoreKohpayeh, Vir and Qahpayeh as old names, is a city located seventy kilometers east of Isfahan and on the edge of the central desert of Iran. The geographical and natural position of Kohpayeh, based on the historical evidence is the leftover of the Sasanian era, along with the preservation of the Pahlavi language, and the speech of the people of this city, has indicated the antiquity and cultural richness of Kohpayeh. The authors of this article have investigated the verb morphological structure of this dialect with the aim to preserve and to introduce a part of the ancient Kupaee dialect. This research has been conducted in a descriptive-analytical way and the data were collected based on library sources and the field of research. The results of the research show that the verb structure in the Kupaee dialect has significant differences with the standard Persian language. In the Kupaie dialect, the construction of the present participle and the structure of future and imperative verbs do not follow any special rules. The position of the identifier in the verbs of past tense in this dialect is also not the same; means that the identifier in the simple past, past perfect, and present perfect tenses come before the root and in the rest of the verbs comes after the root. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
136 - تولید کامپوزیت پایه فلزی Tio2/Al5083 به وسیله روش فراوری اصطکاکی اغتشاشی (FSP)
رضا عبدی بهنق رسول سالک رستم محمد کاظم بشارتی گیوی -
Open Access Article
137 - A Comparative Study of Dynamic Portfolio Optimization Using Grey Relational Analysis Methods and Basic Methods (Average, Moving Average and Moving Average) in Tehran Stock Exchange
Reza Adak Mehdi Meshki Miavaghi Mohammad Hassan QolizadehObjective: The Ranking Of Financial Assets For Investment Decision Making Is One Of The Most Important Stages For Portfolio Formation.Different And Different Methods Are Used To Perform Ranking. In This Research, A New Integrated Method Is Used For Ranking Which Investo MoreObjective: The Ranking Of Financial Assets For Investment Decision Making Is One Of The Most Important Stages For Portfolio Formation.Different And Different Methods Are Used To Perform Ranking. In This Research, A New Integrated Method Is Used For Ranking Which Investors Using It Can Determine Their Specific Goals By Considering The Return, Risk And Profit. This Research Is Based On Two Main Goals: First, Ranking Portfolios Based On The Grey Relational Analysis And The Second Method Is Compared To Classic Methods, Which Are Named Fundamental Methods In This Research. Methodology: To Implement The Research Topic, 11 Weight And Investment Strategies Were Defined For The Method Of Grey Relational Analysis And 3 Strategies For Basic Methods.The Study Population Includes Companies Listed In Tehran Stock Exchange And The Sample Consisted Of Five Top Industries At The Beginning Of The Study Including Investment, Chemical, Iron And Steel Industries, Banks And Oil Products And Products.In These Five Industries With The Conditions That Were Considered In The Study, 160 Companies Were Selected As The Sample And To Examine The Hypotheses, Mann - Whitney U Test Was Used To Compare The Results Of Grey Analysis Method With The Basic Method Of Data Envelopment Analysis. Results: In General, The Results Of The Study Show That The Grey Relational Algorithm Is A More Efficient Method Than The Baseline Method When The Goal Of Investing In The Best Part Is The Grey Relational Algorithm (2020), As Well As Hamza cebiza Abi And Pekkaya (2011) Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
138 - State Dependent Effects of Monetary Aggregates on Exchange Market Pressure in Iran's Economy
Mohsen Tooti Seyed Yahya Abtahi Jalil Totonchi Zohreh tabatabaeinasabThe purpose of the present study is to investigate the effects of monetary aggregates on exchange market pressure of Iran's economy using quarterly data and during the period of 2001:02- 2021:04. For this purpose, exchange market pressure index has been calculated MoreThe purpose of the present study is to investigate the effects of monetary aggregates on exchange market pressure of Iran's economy using quarterly data and during the period of 2001:02- 2021:04. For this purpose, exchange market pressure index has been calculated by Edwards (2002) and Kumah (2007) approach; The results show that the exchange market pressure index of Iran's Economy follows a nonlinear pattern. After that, using the unit root test of Lee and Strazisich (2003), which is based on the minimum Lagrange coefficient (LM) test, the time series has been confirmed in terms of the structural break point, and then using by the approach proposed by Lee and Strazisich (2003), the residual of the time series has been extracted. The results of Markov Switching GARCH model indicate that in the low regime of exchange market pressure, the monetary base variable with a coefficient of 0.29 has the greatest effect on the pressure of the Iranian currency market, followed by liquidity and money variables respectively with coefficients 0.06 and 0.01 increase the pressure of the currency market, with the switch of the regime and being in the high regime of exchange market pressure, the variables of monetary base, liquidity and money with the coefficients of 0.88, 0.54 and 0.31 lead to pressure in the currency market, therefore, the application of contractionary monetary policy and control of monetary aggregates should be considered as a strategic point for economic policy makers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
139 - Non-parametric momentum strategy based on rank and sign Study case: Tehran Stock Exchange
parsa jozzi sayyed mohammadreza davoodi saeed Kazemian hossinabadiThe purpose of this research is non-parametric momentum strategy based on rank and symbol in Tehran Stock Exchange. In the present research, two approaches to implementing the non-parametric momentum strategy were introduced as momentums based on rank and sign. MATLAB s MoreThe purpose of this research is non-parametric momentum strategy based on rank and symbol in Tehran Stock Exchange. In the present research, two approaches to implementing the non-parametric momentum strategy were introduced as momentums based on rank and sign. MATLAB software and coding were used for data analysis and model implementation. The research model is taken from the article of T. Sang et al. (2021). The results of the research on the monthly data of 16 industries from the Tehran Stock Exchange between 2013 and 2022 show that the momentum approach based on rank compared to normal and sign increases the Sharpe ratio by 30% and also the momentum of the rank in the value measure in Exposed to risk also has the lowest risk. In addition, the regression relationship shows that both the monthly rate momentum return and the monthly sign momentum return have a positive significant effect on the normal momentum monthly return at the confidence level of 0.95. The high and appropriate determination coefficient of 0.892 also shows that there is a linear relationship between the three yields. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
140 - Dual-Polarized MED Antenna by Using Metallic Plates for Mobile Communication Applications
Farshad Ghaedi Jasem Jamali Mehdi TaghizadehA new design of a dual-polarized base-station antenna with a wideband, low profile and high performance is introduced in this work for the LTE700/GSM850/GSM900 applications. The proposed base-station antenna in this study is comprised of four single-polarized magneto-el MoreA new design of a dual-polarized base-station antenna with a wideband, low profile and high performance is introduced in this work for the LTE700/GSM850/GSM900 applications. The proposed base-station antenna in this study is comprised of four single-polarized magneto-electric dipoles (MEDs) antenna are positioned with a square arrangement to produce ±45° slant polarization. Each antenna is involved with an electrical dipole, a Γ-shaped feed structure, a magnetical dipole, a metallic resonator, and a cylindrical-shaped reflector. Three metallic portions with a slit produce the electrical dipole. Adjusting the dimensions of these segments and resonator plate improve the antenna impedance bandwidth. Also, the cylindrical-shaped reflector increases the antenna gain and has a significant rule to stabilize the antenna radiation pattern. The measurements exhibit that this antenna achieves an expanded frequency bandwidth of 38.1% (686.2-1008.8 MHz) for |S11| < –15 dB, realized peak gain of 11.45 dBi, low cross-polarization, and half-power beamwidths (HPBWs) of approximately 60.4°, 64.7°, and 66.8° at frequencies of 700 MHz, 8500 MHZ, and 900 MHz respectively. Results approve that the above-mentioned antenna is applicable for mobile cellular networks systems. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
141 - Presenting a New Approach in Simulation and Analysis of Shoulder Error on Radar Antenna Beam of Space-Based Artificial Aperture
Mehdi Shamekh Roozbeh Hamzehyan Najmeh Cheraghi Shirazi Abdolrasul GhasemiSince most space-based synthetic aperture radar systems have an accuracy of less than one meter in the resolution of images, very accurate processing of synthetic aperture radar data to produce images with high-resolution accuracy is of particular importance. In this ar MoreSince most space-based synthetic aperture radar systems have an accuracy of less than one meter in the resolution of images, very accurate processing of synthetic aperture radar data to produce images with high-resolution accuracy is of particular importance. In this article, methods for actual modeling and simulation of the space-based synthetic aperture radar system are presented and the raw data were obtained. For simulation and modeling, the main characteristics of the real satellite synthetic aperture radar system related to sensor mode/dynamics, target observation, antenna beam patterns, pointing errors on the antenna beam, and raw data generation are reflected. Analyzes based on simulations show the effectiveness of the presented methods. In the simulation, the presented method compensates for the phase errors induced by the aiming errors of the antenna beam. The results of the centralization of raw data, the calculated value of the resolution accuracy of the slant range is equal to 1.89 meters. Also, the average values of the measured slant range resolution accuracy, peak side-lobe ratio (PSLR), and integrated side-lobe ratio (ISLR) for the Interrogation Rate Frequency (IRF). An unweighted point in the focused image was obtained around 1.94 m, 13.57 dB and -10.26 dB respectively. The calculated value of azimuth resolution accuracy is 2.24 meters and the average values of measured azimuth resolution accuracy, PSLR, and ISLR for unweighted point target IRFs are 2.29 meters, -12.57 dB and -9.68 dB, respectively. These results show the effectiveness of the proposed method. In other words, the performance of space-based synthetic aperture radar image formation using the proposed method for raw data is very good, so the various effects induced by the real synthetic aperture radar sensor are reflected. Therefore, these results confirm the proposed methods for forming the space-based synthetic aperture radar image. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
142 - A Novel Approach in Text-Independent Speaker Recognition in Noisy Environment
Nona Heydari Esfahani Hamid MahmoodianIn this paper, robust text-independent speaker recognition is taken into consideration. The proposed method performs on manual silence-removed utterances that are segmented into smaller speech units containing few phones and at least one vowel. The segments are basic un MoreIn this paper, robust text-independent speaker recognition is taken into consideration. The proposed method performs on manual silence-removed utterances that are segmented into smaller speech units containing few phones and at least one vowel. The segments are basic units for long-term feature extraction. Sub-band entropy is directly extracted in each segment. A robust vowel detection method is then applied on each segment to separate a high energy vowel that is used as unit for pitch frequency and formant extraction. By applying a clustering technique, extracted short-term features namely MFCC coefficients are combined with long term features. Experiments using MLP classifier show that the average speaker accuracy recognition rate is 97.33% for clean speech and 61.33% in noisy environment for -2db SNR, that shows improvement compared to other conventional methods. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
143 - Evaluation of Starting Current of Induction Motors Using Artificial Neural Network
Iman Sadeghkhani Ali Reza SadoughiInduction motors (IMs) are widely used in industry including it be an electrical or not. However during starting period, their starting currents are so large that can damage equipment. Therefore, this current should be estimated accurately to prevent hazards caused by i MoreInduction motors (IMs) are widely used in industry including it be an electrical or not. However during starting period, their starting currents are so large that can damage equipment. Therefore, this current should be estimated accurately to prevent hazards caused by it. In this paper, the artificial neural network (ANN) as an intelligent tool is used to evaluate starting current peak of IMs. Both Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) and Radial Basis Function (RBF) structures have been analyzed. Six learning algorithms, backpropagation (BP), delta-bar-delta (DBD), extended delta-bar-delta (EDBD), directed random search (DRS), quick propagation (QP), and levenberg marquardt (LM) were used to train the MLP. The simulation results using MATLAB show that most developed ANNs can estimate the starting current peak of IMs with good accuracy. However, it is proven that LM and EDBD algorithms present better performance for starting current evaluation based on average of relative and absolute errors. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
144 - Investigating the Effect of Using Seismic Separators on Seismic Improvement of Steel frames
ashkan khodabandehlou hamid saeidianThe idea that a building can be uncoupled from the damaging effects of the ground movement produced by a strong earthquake has appealed to inventors and engineers for more than a century. Seismic isolation is effective in reducing seismic demand for buildings and decrea MoreThe idea that a building can be uncoupled from the damaging effects of the ground movement produced by a strong earthquake has appealed to inventors and engineers for more than a century. Seismic isolation is effective in reducing seismic demand for buildings and decreasing seismic damage costs. Today the concept has matured into a practical reality and is taking its place as a viable alternate to conventional (fixed base) seismic resistant construction. This study, three bracing frame and three spacial moment frame were modeled and analyzed and the capacity curve wase plotted.The finaly, response modification Factors for steel frames equipped with base isolation were compiled as a table.Finally, based on the results of the analysis, it was observed that the structures equipped with the surface separator have a more obtuse curve than the non-separating state. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
145 - Determine the Load and Dominant Wave Spectrum in the Design of the Jackets in Terms of Base Shear
arash dalili osgouei ahmad maleki ramin vafaeipoorDetermining the dominant force in Jacket design is often one of the main concerns of engineers. In the current study, a marine jacket with a height of 50 meters, with an effective 6 m wave height and a deck height of 10 meters is considered hypothetically. These dimensi MoreDetermining the dominant force in Jacket design is often one of the main concerns of engineers. In the current study, a marine jacket with a height of 50 meters, with an effective 6 m wave height and a deck height of 10 meters is considered hypothetically. These dimensions is in accordance with the general conditions of the Persian Gulf. The wind load, the regular wave and the random wave load have been applied under the Pierson-Moskowitz, Bretschneider, Mitsuyasu and JONSWAP spectra to the considered jacket and for all stages the jacket base shear has been obtained by using the STRUCAD software. Based on the results obtained in terms of base shear, the random wave with the JONSWAP spectrum yielded the highest base shear and compared to the Pierson-Moskowitz spectrum, 11%, Bretschneider 17%, Mitsuyasu 19%, Regular wave 27%, and wind load 38%, provides more base shear. Thus, due to the lack of sufficient field information in the design of Jackets in terms of base shear, it is recommended to use the JONSWAP spectrum. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
146 - The Investigation of Resistant Reinforced Concrete Core in High-Rise Building of the Tube in Tube System with Stairs Box Against Earthquakes
mohammad reza shadman khankandi ashkan khodabandehlouThe design of structures against wind and earthquakes due to losses caused by these phenomena in different countries is very important. Designing of tall buildings should be have comprehensive and complete against the forces of wind and earthquake. Earthquake is one of MoreThe design of structures against wind and earthquakes due to losses caused by these phenomena in different countries is very important. Designing of tall buildings should be have comprehensive and complete against the forces of wind and earthquake. Earthquake is one of the world's natural phenomena, so that in recent years the human losses during 1947 and 2005 have been announced about 550 thousand people worldwide. The main goal of this study is to investigate the behavior of resistant reinforced concrete core in high-rise building of the tube in tube system with stairs against earthquakes in building with 100 meters height and 25 floors under the influence of three Accelerogram Bam, Tapas and Northridge via SAP2000 software. Base shear, roof displacement and column axial force compared together. The results of the research showed that modeling stepping on the coordinates of the center of mass has not made a significant change, but rigidity center has mainly changed due to stiffness of stair slab. Also high-rise building's seismic response affected by the earthquake Accelerogram type Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
147 - Evaluation and Comparison of Response Modification Factor of the Base-Isolated Steel Moment Frames by Incremental Dynamic Analysis versus Pushover Method
Hamid Reza Sadrarhami Farshid FathiThe Response Modification Factor (R), which represents the non-elastic performance of structures during severe earthquakes is widely utilized in Codes to determine the seismic demand and to design the structures. The closer the calculated value of R is to the reality, t MoreThe Response Modification Factor (R), which represents the non-elastic performance of structures during severe earthquakes is widely utilized in Codes to determine the seismic demand and to design the structures. The closer the calculated value of R is to the reality, the more accurate the determination of the required resistance of the structure will be. The common analytical method for calculating the Response Modification Factor of ordinary buildings is the non-linear static analysis (Pushover) method. But the use of this method for buildings with base-isolation is doubtful. Incremental nonlinear dynamic analysis (IDA) is one of the new methods with wide application, which can be a suitable alternative for calculating the R of buildings with isolated bases. In the present research, the Response Modification Factor of the steel moment frame structure equipped with base isolation has been calculated and compared for 5-, 8-, and 12-steel story models by using two methods: the incremental nonlinear dynamic analysis (IDA) versus the Pushover analysis (conventional method). The results indicate that the incremental nonlinear dynamic analysis method is more accurate than the pushover analysis, due to the direct use of earthquake records, as well as considering all the dynamic characteristics of the structure, especially the dynamic characteristics of its base isolator. So that, the Response Modification Factor obtained from the IDA analysis compared to the pushover analysis, exhibits an increase of 2.8% in the 5-story, 16.61% in the 8-story, and 8.84% in the 12-story structures. The Response Modification Factors obtained from the above-mentioned analyzes have been compared with the values recommended in the FEMA P695 Code. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
148 - An Experimental Study to Investigate the Effect of Repair Welding Repetition at the Joint on the Tensile Strength of Welded Segment
Ali Seyedkazemi mahmood mirzaaghaei Steel is extensively used in the construction industry and, welded joint is a conventional type of steel joints. It is important that the welding quality should comply with standard terms and consistent with the contract. If the term More Steel is extensively used in the construction industry and, welded joint is a conventional type of steel joints. It is important that the welding quality should comply with standard terms and consistent with the contract. If the terms are not met and the quality of weld is poor, corrective actions (repairs) should be taken in accordance with the standard. Once the corrective actions (repairs) have been completed, the piece (the weldments) must be re-inspected, tested and checked in accordance with the requirements, and the conditions and causes of defect should be carefully reviewed and resolved. Fixing unacceptable welding defects is simply called "welding repair". This study, investigates the effect of repeated welding repairs on tensile properties of the component in the welding area. To this end, four samples (samples without repair, one repair, two repairs and three repairs) with thicknesses of 10 mm and 20 mm, were welded unilaterally (v shape), and an evaluation of tensile strength was implemented. The results show that for samples with the thickness of 10 and 20 mm, the mean yield stresses and the ultimate stresses of three repair welds increase compared to original welds. Furthermore, the failure in tensile often occurs out of the heat-affected zone and the tensile strength of mild steel (st37) subjected to three repairs is acceptable in the welding area. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
149 - Evaluation of the Peak Ground Acceleration on Seismic Characteristic of Critical Slice Surface on Embankment dams
Mehdi ShirdelAbstract: Usually, safety of slip surfaces in embankment dams have been evaluated with 2 methods: peak ground acceleration increasing method and stuff resistance decreasing method are 2 main methods for evaluation of critical bound. In this research, peak ground accele MoreAbstract: Usually, safety of slip surfaces in embankment dams have been evaluated with 2 methods: peak ground acceleration increasing method and stuff resistance decreasing method are 2 main methods for evaluation of critical bound. In this research, peak ground acceleration increasing method has been used to evaluate stability safety of slip surfaces. In this method, peak ground acceleration has been increased to receiving critical bounds for parameters in time domain (for example permanent deformation, equal dynamic factor of safety, and minimum dynamic factor of safety). To evaluate the effect of this parameter, Masjed Soleiman dam has been selected for a case study. 10 Finite Element model of Masjed Soleiman dam has been constructed considering the Mohr-Coulomb failure criterion for the body of the dam. The 2 earthquake records have been applied horizontally to the bedrock as the input for dynamic analysis without any change in frequency content. Results show that, in critical sliding surface on downstream, with increasing of peak ground acceleration, equal dynamic factor of safety decreased but changing of minimum dynamic factor of safety and permanent deformation have meaningful process. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
150 - Evaluation of the Simultaneous Application of Vertical and Horizontal Mass Isolation Techniques in the Moment Steel Frame Structures
Noosheen Ghorbani Farshid FathiIn the recent decades, many efforts have been made to reduce the damages caused by strong earthquakes to the structural and non-structural systems of buildings utilizing various methods of seismic control of structures (active and passive). One of the most common passiv MoreIn the recent decades, many efforts have been made to reduce the damages caused by strong earthquakes to the structural and non-structural systems of buildings utilizing various methods of seismic control of structures (active and passive). One of the most common passive seismic control systems is the horizontal isolation of buildings at their base level or base isolation. Another type of seismic isolation system, which is called vertical mass isolation and has been proposed in recent years, tries to separate the stiffness system and mass sub-system of the structures in some way. In this research, the more efficient Simultaneous application of the horizontal base isolation together with the vertical mass isolation techniques, along with the use of a damping devices (such as viscous dampers), to improve the seismic performance of moment steel frame structures, has been investigated. For this purpose, the performance of the proposed hybrid system was evaluated by performing nonlinear time history dynamic analysis under the horizontal component of earthquake acceleration records. The results of the analysis obviously presented significant reductions in the maximum seismic responses of the studied structures especially for displacements, drifts and base shears compared to those responses of the other types of conventional structural systems with similar characteristics Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
151 - A review of studies on the use of dampers to improve the seismic performance of structures
Ali SattariThe growth of population and technology along with the costs of maintenance and repair of structures after the occurrence of natural disasters such as storms, floods and earthquakes have caused people to look for safer shelter than in the past. Dampers are used to impro MoreThe growth of population and technology along with the costs of maintenance and repair of structures after the occurrence of natural disasters such as storms, floods and earthquakes have caused people to look for safer shelter than in the past. Dampers are used to improve the cyclic behavior of structures against wind and earthquake loads. In this research, the experimental and numerical research results published in open access journals that considered the effect of the type and form of the damper on the performance of the structures, including the reduction of displacement and the reduction of foundation shear, are given. By applying cyclic load to the structure, usually the dampers have reduced the base shear and reduced the displacement of the structure. In the laboratory samples where only the damper itself has been tested, more attention has been paid to the performance of the damper. As a result of applying the earthquake record to the structure, the dampers have caused a decrease in a number of records and an increase in the base shear and displacement of the structure in some records, and at the same time, they have not shown a uniform performance for the base shear and displacement. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
152 - توصیف کمی اثر کاهش پتانسیل آب بر جوانه زنی بذر کرچک (Ricinus communis L.) با استفاده از مدلهای هیدروتایم
ابوالفضل درخشان حامد اکبری بهنام کامکار سیدعلی محمد مدرس ثانوی -
Open Access Article
153 - Production and Evaluation of Physicochemical, Rheological and Sensory Properties of Vegetable-Based Sausages by Using Konjac Gum (Amorphophallus konjac)
Dornoush Jafarpour Raziyeh Didar -
Open Access Article
154 - Evaluating the effectiveness of using computer software and social networks on the mathematical attitude of high school female students
maryam iranshahi Mohammad Khalily-DermanyThe purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of using computer software and social networks on improving the students' mathematical attitude. The research method is quasi-experimental with the pretest-posttest design with the control group. The research sa MoreThe purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of using computer software and social networks on improving the students' mathematical attitude. The research method is quasi-experimental with the pretest-posttest design with the control group. The research sample comprised 60 primary school students in the first and second-grade schools of Khomein in the academic year of 96-97. They were selected by simple random sampling method and 30 of them were in the experimental group and 30 in the control group. To collect data, Aiken attitude questionnaire, which consists of 16 questions in terms of Likert spectrum, was used. Using Cronbach's alpha coefficient, the reliability of the standard questionnaire was estimated to be 0.83. Initially, two groups were pre-test and the experimental group was trained using computer software and a social network (telegram) during 16 sessions in two months, and the control group was trained in the traditional way, then from two groups are tested. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The results of covariance analysis showed that using computer software and social networks improves students' mathematical attitude. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
155 - Investigation of Educational Computer Games’ Effects on Learning Mathematics’ Basic Concepts in Preschool Children of Kerman
Zohreh Mahmoudi Alireza Mohammadi Aria Mansoureh Karim Zadeh Pouria Reza SoltaniBackground and Purpose: The goal of this research was to investigate the effects of educational computer games on learning of mathematics’ basic concepts include Classification, Sorting, Conservation, Detecting Similarities and Differences and Geometry in preschoo MoreBackground and Purpose: The goal of this research was to investigate the effects of educational computer games on learning of mathematics’ basic concepts include Classification, Sorting, Conservation, Detecting Similarities and Differences and Geometry in preschoolers.Method: The statistical society of the research included preschoolers of four pre-schools in Kerman city. In this research non-probability (available) sampling has been used. The research’s selected sample consists of 44 children who have been divided into treatment and control group equally according to the number and gender. After doing the pre-test via “Basic Mathematic Skills Test for Children” on both groups, the treatment group received training via special designed educational computer games for 2 months, 2 sessions per week. Finally, the post-test was done and the results were recorded per each component and children. Then the data was analyzed by using differential t-test.Results: The results of analysis show that four out five primary hypotheses related to the effects of computer games on learning of categorization, sorting, conservation and detecting similarities and differences were confirmed. But, the hypothesis related to learning of geometry was not confirmed.Conclusion: The results show that using educational computer games has positive effects on learning of mathematics basic concepts in preschoolers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
156 - A Content Analysis of Physics Educational Multimedia Regarding the Principles of Multimedia, Structure and Content
Peyman Yar Mohammadzadeh Sirus Asadian Abbas Balaghi Zahra KaramiThe aim of this paper was to analyze the content of physics educational multimedia for high school students regarding the principles of multimedia, structure and content. These principles contain multimedia principle, contiguity, redundancy, speech and personalization. MoreThe aim of this paper was to analyze the content of physics educational multimedia for high school students regarding the principles of multimedia, structure and content. These principles contain multimedia principle, contiguity, redundancy, speech and personalization. This study was qualitatively conducted. The sample of the study comprised a selection of educational software of physics course for the second year of high school. Using purposive sampling method and due to the shortages of the samples, 11 were selected and were evaluated through content analysis methods. Totally, 15 categories and 97 codes of educational multimedia dimensions including demographic, content and structural features were found and their evidence was studied. Findings showed that for the educational multimedia, more attention was given to demographic features. Considering the structural category, findings showed that the highest content was given to the preliminary section and the least content was given to the peripheral category. Pointing to the content category, which was of the multimedia principles, findings showed that most of the attention was given to the redundancy and speech principles, and the least attention was given to the personalization principle. Each of the given categories can help the researcher as independent issues for future studies serving as underlying principles to meet the problems in educational multimedia and discover a new dimension. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
157 - The Effect of Educational Software "Misha and Koosha" on Achievement Motivation and Academic Achievement of Science Course
Hossein Momeni Mahmouei Majid Pakdaman Majid DadmehrThe main objective of the research was to investigate the effect of educational software "Misha and Koosha" on achievement motivation and academic achievement in science course of fifth grade boys elementary students in the city of Birjand. This research was quasi-exper MoreThe main objective of the research was to investigate the effect of educational software "Misha and Koosha" on achievement motivation and academic achievement in science course of fifth grade boys elementary students in the city of Birjand. This research was quasi-experimental study with a pretest - posttest design with a control group. The statistical population was all the fifth grade male students of elementary schools in the city of Birjand in the academic year 2012-13, among which 50 students were selected by random cluster sampling method. One group (n = 25) was selected as the experimental group and the other group (n = 25) as the control group. In the experimental group, the software training and in the control group, the general classroom education was used for two months. To collect data, Bernard Weiner motivation questionnaire (with reliability of 0.72) and researcher made tests of academic achievement used. Cronbach Alpha Coefficient was used to determine the reliability of the academic achievement tests that obtained 0.75 for the pre-test and 0.71 for the post-test. The data were analyzed with covariance analysis. The results showed that the "Misha and Koosha" educational software had a positive effect on achievement motivation and academic achievement of science course in fifth grade boys elementary students (P>0.001). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
158 - The Relationship between Teachers’ ICT Literacy and Academic Achievement Fifth Grade Students’ in Tehran
Mehdi Shariatmadari Marzieh AghajaniThe present study aimed to study the relationship between teachers' ICT literacy and the academic achievement of fifth grade students in Tehran. The research was descriptive in nature and correlational method was used as the design of the study and data collection metho MoreThe present study aimed to study the relationship between teachers' ICT literacy and the academic achievement of fifth grade students in Tehran. The research was descriptive in nature and correlational method was used as the design of the study and data collection method. The statistical population of the study included all teachers of fifth grade in Tehran primary schools who were 2669 in 2014-15 academic year. Based on Krejcie and Morgan table and by using simple random sampling method a sample of 338 was chosen. In order of data collection a researcher made questionnaire was used. The content and face validity of the questionnaires was evaluated and confirmed by researchers. Reliability of the survey was explored and the calculated Cronbach Alpha was 0.949 and 0.903 for ICT Literacy scale and Academic Achievement questionnaire respectively. For data analyzing Kolmogorov–Smirnov test, Pearson correlation coefficient and stepwise multiple Regression tests were used. The findings of the study indicated that there was a significant correlation between teachers ICT literacy, and students’ academic achievement. Furthermore, Regression analysis showed that use of computer and management files, jobs and ICT predict academic achievement positively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
159 - The effect of training through augmented reality on learning the Lesson Social studies elementary students in 6 the grade
HamidReza Alian mozhghan heidary manijeh ahmadiThe purpose of this study was investigate The effect of training through augmented reality on learning the Lesson Social studies elementary students in 6 the grade. the type of research is quantitative for data collection of the semi - experimental study. the subjects w MoreThe purpose of this study was investigate The effect of training through augmented reality on learning the Lesson Social studies elementary students in 6 the grade. the type of research is quantitative for data collection of the semi - experimental study. the subjects were selected 120 students through multi - stage cluster sampling method in groups of control (traditional teaching) and the experimental group (training with the help of augmented reality) were selected .Data collection by the researchers made exam for academic progress with 25 questions in three occasions. The reliability of the test was also obtained by Cronbach 's alpha 0.86 which indicates good reliability of the questions. the repeated measure test was performed in order to study the learning extent of students who showed the superiority of the teaching method to the help of augmented reality, but augmented reality did not significantly affect the learning of girls and boys. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
160 - Investigating the effect of online multiplayer game in a participatory situation on students' academic motivation and learning
Eskandar Alijani Alijanvand Hasan rashidi safiye Abdollahi Milad Aghveranluei Mehran DasturaniThe purpose of this study is to determine the effectiveness of online multiplayer game in a participatory situation on academic motivation and learning. The research method is quasi-experimental with pre-test and post-test design with control group. The statistical popu MoreThe purpose of this study is to determine the effectiveness of online multiplayer game in a participatory situation on academic motivation and learning. The research method is quasi-experimental with pre-test and post-test design with control group. The statistical population of the study includes all sixth grade male students in Tehran who were studying in the academic year 1400-1401. Two schools and two classrooms were selected as a sample by using purposive sampling method and 50 students participated in this study. The tool for collecting academic motivation data was the standardized questionnaire by Pour-Agha Rudbardeh and Talepasand, which was designed for the seventh grade . A four-choice teacher-made test was used to collect variable learning data. The validity of this test was determined at the appropriate level according to the use of the table of specifications, opinion of teachers and experts. Its reliability was also observed through K- 21, 0.71. The results obtained from univariate and multivariate analysis of covariance showed that the significance level is less than 0.05 (p <0.05). Thus, the statistical null hypothesis was rejected, it was found that there is a significant difference between the experimental and control scores in the scores of academic motivation and learning. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
161 - Teaching Reading through "Letter – Syllable –Word" Method Using Multimedia in Comparison with the Conventional Method (Using Board and Tablet)
Hoseyn Mehdizadeh Farokh Feyzi Maryam EslampanahReading is one of the most important basic skills for the growth of children’s intrinsic abilities which was taken into consideration by many researchers. Inability in reading usually brings about many problems in learning for students. This paper reports the resu MoreReading is one of the most important basic skills for the growth of children’s intrinsic abilities which was taken into consideration by many researchers. Inability in reading usually brings about many problems in learning for students. This paper reports the result of a two-groups with pre-test and post-test semi-experimental design which was done in elementary schools of Mahidasht region of Kermanshah province in the academic year 2009-2010. Its objective was to determine the degree of the effect of teaching reading through the method of “Letter-Syllable-Word” using digital multimedia in comparison with the conventional method (using board and tablet). In this project which was done on 54 students, first the pre-test measure of reading ability was performed for both groups, and then reading Persian language was taught to the experimental group using multimedia in 16 sessions of 45 minutes. During this time the control group used board and tablet. At the end of teaching, post-test measure of reading ability and measurement of vocabulary were performed. The findings resulted from independent t test and analysis of Co-Variance indicated that teaching with the use of multimedia in comparison with the current method, was more impressive on the reading ability performance of students in three components of accurate-reading, reading- speed and vocabulary- reservoir. It can be concluded that teaching with the use of such multimedia, especially in high-populated classes, and in case of creating the necessary facilities in rural schools in which teachers have less opportunity for individual teaching of weaker individuals, can be an effective help in teaching reading skills. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
162 - Identifying scenarios affecting the future of public diplomacy under the influence of cyberspace metropolitans with a structural analysis
Davood Kiani keyhan barzegar mohammad mahdi afsharGiven the position and effectiveness of cyberspace metropolises in all areas of collective and even individual life and its effective role in the superiority of countries in defending the interests of their nation, this research seeks To examine and analyze the role of MoreGiven the position and effectiveness of cyberspace metropolises in all areas of collective and even individual life and its effective role in the superiority of countries in defending the interests of their nation, this research seeks To examine and analyze the role of this important and sensitive factor in the future of public diplomacy A list of cyberspace metropolises, affecting the future of public diplomacy, was designed using the futuristic methods of identifying, matrix of interaction effects..By analyzing the data obtained with the software, it was possible to identify strategic trends and effective actors, including the promotion of artificial intelligence, increasing connections, new business models, external threats, globalization, protection of intellectual capital, global trade, political stability, discourse change. The Library of Power, Strategic Communication, Increasing Virtual Networks, Economic Communication, Cultural and Social CommunicationWith the scenario writing technique and using the Wizard scenario software, the effects of each of the situations occurring or not occurring were identified.The results of this study indicate that seven factors are the main and effective actors in the future of public diplomacy, which were implemented in two categories of desirable scenarios, including three scenarios and undesirable, including one scenario. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
163 - The Abilities and Strategic Weaknesses of Iran in Oil Sector
Saeed Mirtorabi Esmaeil RabieiThe present article examines the set of strategic abilities, potentials and limitations of Iran in oil sector to show how the energy reserves of the country affects the national ad international determinants of power, position and prestige of Iran. The article by using MoreThe present article examines the set of strategic abilities, potentials and limitations of Iran in oil sector to show how the energy reserves of the country affects the national ad international determinants of power, position and prestige of Iran. The article by using structure-agent framework analyzes the abilities and weaknesses of Iran in oil sector and pays attention to the interaction of oil sector and the structure and rules of oil market. This interactional relation means that a country like Iran is having special resources and potentials to influence oil market and further its interests. Meanwhile Iran is affected by developments in oil market in different ways and aspects. This influence of world market on Iran shows the weakness and the factors that threaten Iran’s oil position. The article by examining fifteen indexes related to oil and gas sector shows that Iran as a middle base power can affect the oil market in the direction of its interests. Simultaneously it is affected by the developments in oil market. Thus Iran is faced with diverse range of abilities and threats from the oil market. The article studies the present and near future position of Iran in relation to the above said indexes to draw a realistic picture based on evidences about Iran’s potentials of oil power and the factors which threatens its oil wealth. These criteria which are discussed can be the indexes of power for oil and gas exporting countries. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
164 - ارزیابی کیفیت زبان انگلیسی زبان آموزان ایرانی : مرتبط به نظریه پایه
فاطمه گرجی شهرام افراز فضل الله صمیمیاین پژوهش کیفی تلاشی برای ارزیابی کیفیت زبان انگلیسی دانش اموزان ایرانی از طریق نظریه پایه بود. بدین منظور، ابتدا 20 معلم در یک موسسه زبان انگلیسی بر اساس نمونهگیری زنجیرهای یا نمونهگیری گلوله برفی انتخاب شدند. نمونه گیری تا اشباع نظری ادامه یافت و با آنها مصاحبه شد. Moreاین پژوهش کیفی تلاشی برای ارزیابی کیفیت زبان انگلیسی دانش اموزان ایرانی از طریق نظریه پایه بود. بدین منظور، ابتدا 20 معلم در یک موسسه زبان انگلیسی بر اساس نمونهگیری زنجیرهای یا نمونهگیری گلوله برفی انتخاب شدند. نمونه گیری تا اشباع نظری ادامه یافت و با آنها مصاحبه شد. پس از استخراج مولفه ها و شاخص های به دست آمده از تحلیل مصاحبه ها، پرسشنامه ای برای جمع آوری اطلاعات و داده های لازم برای سنجش کیفیت دانشجویان زبان انگلیسی ایجاد شد. سپس تعداد 100 نفر از معلمان زبان انگلیسی که در سطوح مختلف تدریس می کردند در این نظرسنجی شرکت کردند. بر اساس تجزیه و تحلیل دقیق، یافته ها معیارهای اصلی ارزیابی کیفیت زبان انگلیسی زبان آموزان ایرانی را شامل ویژگی های فردی، استراتژی یادگیری، ویژگی های فردی، پویایی یادگیری، فناوری آموزشی، تنظیم محتوا، اضطراب، ضعف در یادگیری، ارزیابی دانش/مهارت ها، ارزیابی مثبت و همچنین پیامدهای فردی و اجتماعی نشان داد. همچنین مهمترین مواردی که دارای بیشترین توزیع مفاهیم دستهبندی در بین زبانآموزان زبان انگلیسی بودند مشخص شند که شامل استراتژی یادگیری (مانند کسب مهارتهای زبانی، روحیه رقابتپذیری، روحیه همکاری، برنامهریزی، رشد شناختی، به کارگیری یادگیری گروهی)، ویژگیهای فردی (استفاده از تجربیات همسالان، استفاده از تجربیات دیگران، ارزیابی مناسب، دادن تکالیف مطلوب، اشتیاق برای حضور در کلاس) و پویایی یادگیری (مدیریت نوآورانه، یادگیری خود محور، داشتن یادگیری آنلاین، محیط مثبت یادگیری، دسترسی به منابع جدید) بودند. نتایج می تواند بینش مفیدی را در مورد توسعه و بهبود برنامه درسی برای جستجوی اثربخشی آموزشی در محیط زبان انگلیسی ارائه دهد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
165 - رابطه بین اضطراب کلاس درس زبان خارجی و پیشرفت زبان انگلیسی
فرهاد قربان دردی نژاد -
Open Access Article
166 - بررسی تحولات ساختار اشتغال با بهرهگیری از تکنیکهای تحلیل اقتصادی؛ مورد پژوهی: استان سیستان و بلوچستان
زهرا سادات (سعیده) زرآبادی مهدیه توفیقی محمدی -
Open Access Article
167 - روش RBF بدون شبکه برای حل معادلات خطی و غیر خطی سوبولف
مهران نعمتی محمود شفیعی حمیده ابراهیمی -
Open Access Article
168 - بهبود جواب معادله غیرخطی تعمیم یافته بنجامین بااستفاده از یک روش بدون شبکه توابع پایه ای شعاعی
مهران نعمتی سیده فائزه تیموریدر این مقاله براساس روش توابع پایه ای شعاعی ، معادله دیفرانسیل غیرخطی تعمیم یافته بنجامین حل شده است.برای گسسته سازی قسمت زمانی از تفاضل متناهی و کرانک نیکلسون استفاده کردیم. و قسمت فضایی با استفاده از درونیابی توابع پایه ای شعاعی تقریب زده شده است. در نتیجه یک دستگاه م Moreدر این مقاله براساس روش توابع پایه ای شعاعی ، معادله دیفرانسیل غیرخطی تعمیم یافته بنجامین حل شده است.برای گسسته سازی قسمت زمانی از تفاضل متناهی و کرانک نیکلسون استفاده کردیم. و قسمت فضایی با استفاده از درونیابی توابع پایه ای شعاعی تقریب زده شده است. در نتیجه یک دستگاه معادلات جبری خطی حاصل می شود که باحل این دستگاه جواب های تقریبی بدست می ایند.در ادامه باحل مثال عددی نشان داده می شود که روش پیشنهادی کارا هست واینکه خطا بهبود یافته است. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
169 - Numerical sStudy of Souring Effect of L-shaped Crowns on Erosion Pattern
Ali Afroos salva abyatAbstract In this study, the effect of two full-float crowns on reducing scouring around the axial axially was evaluated numerically using flow 3d software and the results were compared with the same laboratory study and a useful application graphic was extracted in this MoreAbstract In this study, the effect of two full-float crowns on reducing scouring around the axial axially was evaluated numerically using flow 3d software and the results were compared with the same laboratory study and a useful application graphic was extracted in this field. It was determined that the dimensions of the crown have a significant effect on its performance. The results showed that with increasing crown dimensions its performance improves.by comparing two types of crowns, it was found that if the crown reaches along the length of more than half the support length, the crowns of the el form more effective than the full crown. The crowns are better off because they do not prevent the movement of sediments from the rising vortex activity at the bottom of the arm; on the other hand, the crowns of the shape due to the smaller area than the crowns, if applicable, are applied. Economically, they will be more economical Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
170 - Investigating the Effect of Distance and Diameter Ratios of Spindle Shape Stands on the Amount of Force Generated by Waves in the Base Group in a Regular Arrangement
Mohammad Ghatarband Mehdi Behdarvandi AskarIn this research, in order to optimize the marine structures through changing their shape and distances, the force in each of the base group columns was investigated. In the present thesis, the shape of spindle was used for the cross section of the columns because the s MoreIn this research, in order to optimize the marine structures through changing their shape and distances, the force in each of the base group columns was investigated. In the present thesis, the shape of spindle was used for the cross section of the columns because the spindle shape has a better hydrodynamic quality when encountering waves. Moreover, the shape was investigated more closely in four vertex angles encountering waves with the 30°, 45°, 60°, and 90° angles. Afterwards, each of these spindle shapes were investigated in five different equal longitudinal and latitudinal distances with the results being presented in diagrams in the present paper. These five distances presented as dimensionless ratios S/D include 1.8, 2.9, 4, 5.5, and 9. The results indicate that the amount of force is directly proportional to the vertex angle, and inversely proportional to the columns' distance from each other. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
171 - Control and Decrease the Scouring of Bridge Pier by Method of Non-Submerged Plates Using SSIIM Software
Kouros Nekoufar Hafez Koohpari Mehrnaz RoozbahaniBridges are the vital components of each country’s roads. Economic studies of the road construction show that the road bridges allocate much cost to it and due to the delicate structures of their system; they have great vulnerability as well. Therefore the detaile MoreBridges are the vital components of each country’s roads. Economic studies of the road construction show that the road bridges allocate much cost to it and due to the delicate structures of their system; they have great vulnerability as well. Therefore the detailed design of the various components of the bridge should be considered further. Erosion and transport of bed material is separated from it by a process called scouring. Occurrence of scouring around the bridge piers is one of the main reasons for the defeat and destruction of bridges and their instability. So it is important to provide methods to control and reduce this phenomenon. In the present study, the modeling of non-submerged plate’s perpendicular to the water flow has been expressed in upstream of the cylindrical pier using software SSIIM. Reducing the depth of the scouring hole was observed in these pages, and has a great influence around the bridge pier Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
172 - Experimental Study of The Combined Effect of Submerged and Stone Porcelain Plates on The Scour Depth Reduction in Cylindrical Bridgehead Group
Ebrahim Nohani mansour khajemogehi reza farzadLocal scouring is one of the most important phenomena and factors in the destruction of the bridge bridges, which was studied in order to reduce the destructive effects of this phenomenon using the experimental model and the effect of the combined stone and chipping of MoreLocal scouring is one of the most important phenomena and factors in the destruction of the bridge bridges, which was studied in order to reduce the destructive effects of this phenomenon using the experimental model and the effect of the combined stone and chipping of the submerged plates in this study. In this research, a laboratory model of a cylindrical base group of 5 cm in diameter and a stone of china with grains of 1, 1.5 and 2.5 cm in diameter, and submerged plates in numbers (2, 4 and 6) of a plate of 10 × 15 in a flume An experimental laboratory and a landing number (0.25, 0.22 / 0.20 / 0.2) were tested and analyzed. The main objective of this study was to investigate the combined effect of Chinese stone and submerged panels on reducing the scour depth of the group The bridge is a cylindrical bridge and, using Buckingham's dimensional analysis, the parameters The results of this study showed that by increasing the diameter of the stone and the number of submerged plates, the percentage of the depth of water washed to the diameter of the base was significantly reduced. Which was found to be the highest for bases 1, 2, 3 (69%, 72%, 74%) and the lowest values (49%, 50%, 57%), which showed that by increasing the flow rate of erosion Also increased. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
173 - flow pattern numerical simulation and bridge pier reduction scouring hole with changing in pier shape
Mohsen Solimani Bbabarsad Ghasem AhmadfakhrodinConstruction on rivers is inevitable to communicate and reduce costs quickly or to control and control the floods. But the construction of hydraulic structures that are directly exposed to flood currents is not possible only by relying on the assessment of the capacity MoreConstruction on rivers is inevitable to communicate and reduce costs quickly or to control and control the floods. But the construction of hydraulic structures that are directly exposed to flood currents is not possible only by relying on the assessment of the capacity of structures and their analysis solely on the basis of the principles governing the solid mechanics and should be in addition to the structural examination, the impact of issues. The environment is also examined on structural stability. Estimation of maximum flow around the bridge base with semi-experimental relationships is not a reliable method. One of the methods for recognizing the erosion process is the flow of the flow structure. In this research, the three-dimensional simulation of the steep base is discussed. For this purpose, using the compass software that has a three-dimensional flow model was used to simulate the turbulent flow pattern around the bridge base. To verify the software, the study pattern was performed around the steep base. The simulation results have a good match with real results, which represents the high capability of the simulation model in predicting the steep base. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
174 - Numerical Simulation of Flow Pattern Using SSIIM Software around a Structure
mehrnaz Roozbahani kouros nekoufar armin halajianStudies on hydraulic structures, especially around the bridge bases, show that one of the main causes of bridge destruction is the local turbulence of the flow. In order to be economical and reliable design, you have to get the maximum depth of deflection around the bas MoreStudies on hydraulic structures, especially around the bridge bases, show that one of the main causes of bridge destruction is the local turbulence of the flow. In order to be economical and reliable design, you have to get the maximum depth of deflection around the bases. Estimating the maximum depth of scouring with the purpose of determining the depth required for bridge bridges is necessary, as otherwise it may lead to bridge collapse. SSIIM software is used in this study, which takes into account the flow and sediment equations in a three-dimensional fashion. In this software, the flow field is obtained from the Navier-Stokes equations and the K-ε turbulence model, and then, using the nondetective solution of the deposit field and the continuity equation, the ground level changes are calculated around the bridge's base. Comparison of the results shows that the scour depth increases with increasing height, and if the angular gradient exceeds a limit, then the destruction of the wall of the scouring cavity is accompanied. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
175 - The Effect of the Shape of Bridge Pier at Scour Using Software SSIIM
kouros nekoufar Ali ZarrodiStudies on hydraulic structures, especially around bridge piers, show that one of the main causes of bridge destruction is local turbulence. In order to have an economical and reliable design, the maximum scouring depth around the foundations must be achieved. Estimatio MoreStudies on hydraulic structures, especially around bridge piers, show that one of the main causes of bridge destruction is local turbulence. In order to have an economical and reliable design, the maximum scouring depth around the foundations must be achieved. Estimation of the maximum scour depth is necessary in order to determine the required depth for the bridge piers, because otherwise it may lead to the destruction of the bridge. In this research, SSIIM software has been used, which considers flow and sediment equations in three dimensions. In this software, the flow field is obtained from the Navier-Stokes equations and the εK-turbulence model, and then, using the non-permanent solution of the sediment field and the continuity equation, the floor level changes around the bridge pier are calculated. The results of this study show that the numerical model used, which is one of the three-dimensional models available to engineers, predicts acceptable values in flow simulation, calculation of free surface and calculation of bed topographic changes in the river. In some places the speed calculation error increases, but the model is able to model the distribution of velocity and rotational currents well. From the presented models, it was proved that under the same conditions, the scour around the square and cylindrical base is more than the rectangular base. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
176 - Laboratory study of the effect of cable and abutment in reducing the scour of the cylindrical bridge pier
mohsen solimani babarsad Reza Ghasemi Rahman DoostiLocal scouring around the bridge piers is one of the causes of their destruction. Therefore, in order to reduce and control this phenomenon, extensive research has been done and solutions in this regard have been presented. These solutions consist of two parts, direct a MoreLocal scouring around the bridge piers is one of the causes of their destruction. Therefore, in order to reduce and control this phenomenon, extensive research has been done and solutions in this regard have been presented. These solutions consist of two parts, direct and indirect, which in this study by defining scenarios, reviewing both methods and their simultaneous impact was done. In this study, the method of using cable, which changes the flow pattern around the base, was considered as an indirect and groundwater method that causes the flow lines to deviate from the substrate, as a direct method. Therefore, different states of the foundation, in front of the base, behind the base and the cable around the base with relative steps equal to 0.33, 0.5 and 0.67 in clear water conditions were investigated. According to comparative experiments, the use of a waterfront in the front results in an average scouring depth of 15 to 20% less than a footstool in the back of the base. Therefore, in general, according to the diagrams, it can be concluded that the combined use of cable and groundwater has reduced the scour depth and is accepted as a method of reducing the base scour depth. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
177 - The Effect of Submerged Plates on the Square Bridge Pier scours Using Software SSIIM
kouros nekoufar armin halajianBridges are among the most important and most prolific river structures ever used. The three commonly used methods to deal with the scouring phenomenon around the bridges are to place the piers in a lower level than the depth of the erosive pit, to reduce the power of t MoreBridges are among the most important and most prolific river structures ever used. The three commonly used methods to deal with the scouring phenomenon around the bridges are to place the piers in a lower level than the depth of the erosive pit, to reduce the power of the vortex produced around the base, to use the shrub protection cover, or to use a collar, gaps, or submerged plates around the base bridges. Submerged plates are structures that are installed at the bottom of the river with an angle to the main stream and to prevent river erosion, rivets and base structures of the water and waterway reformation and morphology of the bed, which produces a secondary vortex and Changing the flow pattern in the river bed and, consequently, changing sediment transport and erosion. In this research, the effect of square cross-sectional diameter and the effect of submerged panels on scouring are investigated using SSIIM software. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
178 - Application of Shannon Entropy Theory in Predicting Potential Evapotranspiration (Case Study : Urmia Synoptic Station)
alireza parvishiEvapotranspiration is one of the most important components of the hydrological cycle and its accurate estimation is used in many studies such as water balance, water resources management and irrigation planning. The use of intelligent models can be a good tool for estim MoreEvapotranspiration is one of the most important components of the hydrological cycle and its accurate estimation is used in many studies such as water balance, water resources management and irrigation planning. The use of intelligent models can be a good tool for estimating nonlinear variables such as evaporation and transpiration. The present study used GEP gene expression programming methods and ANFIS fuzzy-adaptive neural inference system to predict monthly reference evapotranspiration. For this purpose, two different modeling modes were developed. The first case of baseline climate patterns and the second case of memory role in predicting monthly reference evapotranspiration, Shannon entropy method was used to select the most optimal inputs. According to the results of GEP model in Ent-CBM8 model with KGE = 0.91, WI = 0.87 and RMSE = 0.495 had the best performance in predicting the monthly reference evapotranspiration of the synoptic station. The results of the implementation of models with basic delay patterns and Shannon's entopy method were able to correctly identify the optimal delay. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
179 - Numerical Investigation of the Effect of Increasing the Base Crop Height on Decreasing the Maximum Shear Speed around the Bridge Base in the Cylindrical Bridge Base Group
Gholam Abbas Kord Ebrahim Nohani -
Open Access Article
180 - Numerical analysis of the effect of bridge base group arrangement on the scour pattern
Hasan Tamimi Ebrahim Nohani -
Open Access Article
181 - In vitro evaluation of scour in bridge pedestal group with the effects of submerged plate number and discharge increase
Amin Palizban Ebrahim Nohani -
Open Access Article
182 - Numerical investigation of the impact of L-shaped crowns on erosion pattern around bridge support using Flow 3D software
Ali Afroos Salva Abayat -
Open Access Article
183 - Evaluation of the effect of dynamic viscosity and turbulence of flow energy and sediment changes on the basis of cylindrical bridges with removable bed using flotride software
Mozaffar Seyedinia Mohammad Karami Ebrahim Nohani -
Open Access Article
184 - The Role of Traditional Houses in Mountainous and Hilly Villages in Rural Sustainable Development in Western Mazandaran (Tonekabon - Ramsar)
nasrollah molaeihashjin masoomeh hosseinnejadIntroduction With regard to the increasing facilities of life such as land, sea, and air transportation vehicles, and an increase in people’s free time, income, and age, people, today, like to spend their time on touring and traveling more than any time in MoreIntroduction With regard to the increasing facilities of life such as land, sea, and air transportation vehicles, and an increase in people’s free time, income, and age, people, today, like to spend their time on touring and traveling more than any time in the past. Villages in Northern Iran were a destination for travelers. Rural houses are important elements of developing rural tourism. The main objective of present research is to study and investigate on mountainous and hilly villages located in Western Mazandaran because traditional houses enjoy an exclusively architectural buildings derived from villagers’ traditions and cultures followed by naturalistic characteristics of the region in question. Methodology Regarding the main question, “What is the role of traditional houses in mountainous and hilly villages, as important elements of villages’ economic survival and cultural identity, in rural sustainable development in Western Mazandaran?” and the subjects and objectives of the research, the following hypotheses were proposed: -Rural tourism activities can promote villagers’ economy as a supplementary income. *Corresponding Author: nmolaeih@iaurasht.ac.ir -Using natural attractions and with various uses, traditional houses in mountainous and hilly villages can be influential in attracting tourists and developing tourism in the region in question. -Tourism can decrease the rate of migration and stabilize population in the regions in question. -Creating a tourism village can develop rural tourism in addition to preserving the traditional identity and culture of villages in the regions in question. Descriptive-analytic method has been utilized in this research along with documentary, library and field studies. Tools such as tables, pictures, interviews, and questionnaires have also been utilized. The data collected are analyzed and concluded by test and SPSS software. Findings and discussions The area of question in this research is located in Western Mazandaran. This region is from 50 degrees and 35 minutes to 50 degrees and 45 minutes of eastern longitudes and from 36 degrees and 30 minutes to 36 degrees and 40 minutes of northern latitudes that includes the cities of Ramsar and Tonekabon. The subject population of the study consists of families living in mountainous and hilly villages of Ramsar and Tonekabon, tourists, managers, and experts of organizations and institutions related to villages of the region. 20 villages (6 hilly and 14 mountainous) out of total 274 villages in the region were randomly chosen as sample population. Out of 1478 families in 20 villages, 307 families were chosen. Since there is no clear-cut figure of tourists, 384 samples were selected using Chokran formula and Morgan Table. Finally, Due to the limited number of managers and experts, all of them were chosen. -The number of houses in the villages under study was 304. 89, 105, and 110 houses had 29 percent of Darvarchin, 35 percent of Zigameh, and 36 percent of new building materials, respectively. Thus, 64 percent of total houses in the study region was traditional. -One of the basic differences between local and new houses lies in their function regarding their pattern change, reduction of areas under construction, change in village tissue, etc. The most important developments made in housing and the function changes followed by them include the type and pattern of houses, building materials, change in the size and cost of building houses. Results -Studies and tests carried out on the variables among villagers and authorities all indicate that regarding the traditional economy of living in the region under study, tourism activities can act as a complementary source of income and promote economic abilities of villagers. Tourism has been able to activate other economic parts that resulted in job creation and economic development. -Studies reveal that since tourists are strange people that travel to villages based on their curiosity to see natural landscapes and know the customs and traditions of the regions, rural social values, cultural and folkloric elements can affect the attraction of tourists. With regard to the functional quality and meeting the human needs, rural houses have been able to make tourists choose them for stays instead of other places such as hostels, inns, tents, etc. -Survey conducted indicate that increase in the income resulted from selling land, controlled building constructions, house renting, and providing tourists with services and facilities have caused the villagers to buy house in cities and consider their village houses as the second dwelling places. -Traditional houses, their method of architecture besides natural attractions and landscapes have gained tourists attentions. A lot number of tourists prefer traditional and new houses to hotels and inns for stays in villages. Therefore, creation of tourism village can cause rural tourism in addition to the preservation of traditional culture. -Establishing an ecomusium ( tourism village) as a suitable place for introducing culture and preserving cultural values of villages of the region, participation of executive institutions in expanding tourism industry, creation of daily and weekly markets for villagers’ handicrafts and other rural products, revival and development of infrastructures and installations of tourism industry , educating village managers and planners, and attending to rural industry, and principles of environmentally sustainable development to reduce environmental crisis are among the strategies to achieve sustainable development of rural tourism. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
185 - Solutions of rural tourism development in the mountain-side section of Guilan
روشن بابایی همتی نصراله مولائی هشجینIn this article is tried to consider tourism as a tool for the economic development and progress of villages for gain to the rural sustainable development. Meanwhile, rural sustainable development can be the encounter of these two subjects in spaces frame which create t MoreIn this article is tried to consider tourism as a tool for the economic development and progress of villages for gain to the rural sustainable development. Meanwhile, rural sustainable development can be the encounter of these two subjects in spaces frame which create the kinds of the rural tourism types. So farm, garden, historical, human and natural tourism can be factors for attracting tourists. Making the touristic identity for villages with regard to the applied aspect target, this article clarifies in the frame of the analytic and descriptive methodology. With the result that, the set of solutions that present in the mountain-side section of Guilan province, considering the rural tourism development discussions are expressed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
186 - ارائه یک مدل شبکه عصبی RBF برای پیشبینی روزهای کاری عملیات خاکورزی تولیدات محصولات
ارمغان کوثری مقدم عباس روحانی Lobat Kosari-Moghaddam مهدی اسماعیل پور تروجنیهدف از این مطالعه تعیین احتمال روزهای کاری (PWD) برای عملیات خاکورزی با استفاده از دادههای هواشناسی و به کمک روش مدلسازی رگرسیونی خطی چندگانه (MLR) و شبکه عصبی مصنوعی توابع پایهای شعاعی (RBF) بوده است. در هر دو مدل، هفت متغیر شامل دمای متوسط، بیشینه و کمینه، رطوبت نس Moreهدف از این مطالعه تعیین احتمال روزهای کاری (PWD) برای عملیات خاکورزی با استفاده از دادههای هواشناسی و به کمک روش مدلسازی رگرسیونی خطی چندگانه (MLR) و شبکه عصبی مصنوعی توابع پایهای شعاعی (RBF) بوده است. در هر دو مدل، هفت متغیر شامل دمای متوسط، بیشینه و کمینه، رطوبت نسبی، بارندگی، سرعت باد و تبخیر و تعرق بر پایه روزانه به عنوان پارامترهای ورودی در نظر گرفته شدند. احتمال روزهای کاری نیز به عنوان خروجی مدلهای ایجاد شده، در نظر گرفته شد. معیارهای عملکردی شامل مجذور مربعات خطا (RMSE)، میانگین درصد خطای مطلق (MAPE) و ضریب تبیین (R2) بودند. نتایج نشان داد که مقادیر R2 برای مدلهای MLR و RBF به ترتیب برابر 78/0 و 99/0 بوده است. هر دو مدل عملکرد قابل قبولی داشتند؛ اما مدل RBF عملکرد دقیقتری نسبت به مدل MLR داشت. مقادیر RMSE و MAPE نیز برای مدل RBF کمتر از مدل MLR بدست آمد. بنابراین مدل RBF به عنوان بهترین مدل برای پیشبینی احتمال روزهای کاری انتخاب شد. علاوه بر این، نتایج این مدلها با یک مدل رطوبت خاک که پیشتر ارائه شده بود، مقایسه شد. نشان داده شد که نتایج مدلهای مورد مطالعه با نتایج مدل رطوبت خاک سازگاری خوبی داشته است، اگرچه که مدل RBF بالاترین ضریب تبیین را داشت (R2=99%). در نهایت میتوان بیان نمود که مدل RBF ایجاد شده میتواند برای پیشبینی احتمال روزهای کاری در راستای سیاستگذاریهای مدیریتی در بخش کشاورزی مورد استفاده قرار گیرد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
187 - Studying the relation between self-citation and impact factor in open access journals of ISI and DOAJ databases in the field of Science
rodabeh torabianCitation is one of the important elements in the scientific works and it has significant role in the production and publication of information. Part of the citation behavior is self-citation. Authors by citing their works can change citations and amount of impact factor MoreCitation is one of the important elements in the scientific works and it has significant role in the production and publication of information. Part of the citation behavior is self-citation. Authors by citing their works can change citations and amount of impact factor. The aim of this research is to examine relationship between author and journal self-citation and impact factor in open access journals indexed in DOAJ and ISI in Science during 2004 to 2005. In this study several indicators were studied, i.e. the rate of author self-citation, and journal self-citation, relationship between author self-citation and impact factor, relationship between journal self-citation and impact factor, and the effect of number of journal self-citation on journal performance. Analytical research has been applied as the research method and in this regard technique "citation analysis" was employed. The results showed that the rate of author self-citation in 8 titles was 36% and the rate of journal self-citation in 54 titles was 26/1%. There were also significant differences between the number of author, journal self-citation and the impact factor (P<0.01) in the two subject disciplines.After discarding self-citation, in the field Science, ranking change was observed: 44% were positive, 30% negative and 26% static. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
188 - Changes in Some Physiological and Biochemical Characteristics of the Selected of Almond Cultivars (Prunus dulcis Mill.) Grafted on Different Rootstocks Under Drought Stress
Abdolbaset Ranjbar Ali Imani saeed piri Vahid AbdoosiIn order to evaluate the response of selected cultivars of almond, grafted on different rootstocks under drought stress due to increased irrigation intervals in the 2015-2016 year, in the Temperate Fruit Research Center, Horticultural Research Institute in Karaj, a fact MoreIn order to evaluate the response of selected cultivars of almond, grafted on different rootstocks under drought stress due to increased irrigation intervals in the 2015-2016 year, in the Temperate Fruit Research Center, Horticultural Research Institute in Karaj, a factorial based on a randomized complete design with three replications was carried out. Factors comprised cultivars in five levels (Supernova, Texas, Marcona, Shokoufeh and K13-40), rootstocks in Three levels [peaches × almonds hybrids (GF-677 and GN-22), and bitter almond seedlings NO. 32], and drought stress in four levels (irrigation intervals were 3(Control), 5, 10 and 15 Days). The results showed that the interaction of three factors for chlorophyll fluorescence parameters include maximum (Fm), variable (Fv) and variable to maximum (Fv/Fm), electrolyte leakage and releate water content(RWC) of leaves at 1% probability level, and interaction effects of rootstock × cultivar for chlorophyll b and a/b as well as cultivar × drought stress for a/b were significant at 5% probability level. Also, interaction effects of rootstock × drought stress were significant for all evaluated traits except a/b at 1% probability level. Drought stress reduced Fv by increasing Fo and decreasing Fm, and reduced Fv/Fm in sensitive cultivars on seedling and GN-22 rootstocks from 0.82 to 0.67. As a general result, all of the cultivars on the GF-677 rootstock showed greater resistance to drought stress. Supernova and Shokofeh cultivars grafted on GF-677 rootstock were most resistant rootstock - scion compounds, but other rootstock-scions compounds, were sensitive to drought stress. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
189 - ساخت الکترودهای بر پایه گرافن اکسید احیا شده و بررسی میزان بارگذاری نانوذرات کبالت
سید حمید احمدی کاظم کارگشا پیام همت خواه -
Open Access Article
190 - Comparison of Solvent Extraction and Liquid Membrane by Using Cyanex301 for Cobalt (II) Extraction and Recovery
Rezvan TorkamanIn this study, the extraction of cobalt (II) ions from the chloride solution by using Cyanex301 as an extractant and two extraction methods such as solvent extraction and supported liquid membrane was investigated. The effect of different parameters such as pH of feed s MoreIn this study, the extraction of cobalt (II) ions from the chloride solution by using Cyanex301 as an extractant and two extraction methods such as solvent extraction and supported liquid membrane was investigated. The effect of different parameters such as pH of feed solution, concentration of Cyanex301 extractant and stripping acid concentration were studied to determine the optimum conditions. For the liquid membrane process, the aqueous feed pH of 7.3 and 1 mol/L of Cyanex301 in the membrane phase were the best conditions for extraction, whereas the best extraction efficiency by using the solvent extraction method was achieved with 0.1 mol/L of Cyanex301 concentration. The extraction efficiency equal to 99.11% was achieved within 15 min by solvent extraction technique, while the maximum extraction of Cobalt equal to 44.77% was achieved within 180 min by means of liquid membrane. The result shows that the extraction of Cobalt by using the supported liquid membrane were not improved in comparison with using conventional solvent extraction method. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
191 - Evaluation of the influence of using reduced graphene oxide (RGO) on improvement of Cu-MOF performance as electrocatalyst for oxygen reduction reaction in fuel cells
mehdi mehrpouya seyed ali mousaviThe main target of this investigation is to synthesis and introduce several non-metallic electro catalysts with desirable performance and suitable price, for oxygen reduction reaction at cathode side. For this purpose, five electrocatalysts including graphene oxide (GO) MoreThe main target of this investigation is to synthesis and introduce several non-metallic electro catalysts with desirable performance and suitable price, for oxygen reduction reaction at cathode side. For this purpose, five electrocatalysts including graphene oxide (GO), nitrogen and sulfur doped graphene oxide (NS-RGO), copper metal organic framework (Cu-MOF), 6% GO-Cu-MOF, and 8% NS-RGO-Cu-MOF are synthesized by hydrothermal method. In continue, in order to investigate the structure, activity, and performance of synthesized electro catalysts, physical and electrochemical tests are employed, and obtained results are compared to the commercial 20% Pt/C. According to the physical tests outcomes, the structure of the synthesized electrocatalysts is uniform, and the layering is correctly performed. As well as, it was found that the size of electrocatalysts is in the range of nanometer. Based on the electrochemical tests, amongst the synthesized electrocatalysts, 8% NS-RGO-Cu-MOF has the best chemical activity. The onset potential of this catalyst is obtained by -0.06 V vs Ag/AgCl. Also, the peak associated with oxygen reduction reaction is shown in -0.08 V, which the current density in this voltage is -4.8 mA/cm2. Besides, the electron transferred number (n) for 8% NS - RGO - Cu- MOF is computed with the value of 3.53, which it indicates the reaction occurred near to the 4 electron pathway. The onset potential of 6% GO-Cu-MOF is gained by -0.11 V vs Ag/AgCl. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
192 - Investigation of thermophysical properties and rheology of iron-silver-copper metal oxide hybrid nanoparticles based on carbon structure of quantum dots for use in heat transfer systems with turbulent flow regime
Hamid Mousavi , Seyed Mostafa Tabatabaee Ghomshe Alimorad rashidi Masoumeh MirzaeiIn this work, nano-hybrids of iron-carbon quantum dots, silver-carbon quantum dots, and copper– carbon quantum dots were synthesized and prepared by a wet chemical method. After examining their thermal and thermophysical properties, the thermal conductivity (k) wa MoreIn this work, nano-hybrids of iron-carbon quantum dots, silver-carbon quantum dots, and copper– carbon quantum dots were synthesized and prepared by a wet chemical method. After examining their thermal and thermophysical properties, the thermal conductivity (k) was measured and the heat transfer coefficient (h) for turbulent flow was compared. The synthesized samples were characterized with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), tunneling electron microscopy (TEM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Zeta, and dynamic light scattering (DLS) stability tests were also performed for the synthesized samples. The prepared carbon quantum dots and hybridized-iron, silver, and copper samples were distributed in the base fluid (water) by ultrasonic probe device. Viscosity and density were examined as a measure of nanoparticle concentration and temperature. Also, the heat capacity of synthesized nanoparticles was measured at different temperatures, but the changes in density and heat capacity at low concentrations of nanoparticles were not significant. Then the thermal conductivity (k) and the heat transfer coefficient (h) were measured to improve the heat transfer by the synthesized nanoparticles. The synthesized nanoparticles were prepared and analyzed for three different concentrations of 0.05, 0.1, and 0.5 wt. %. The greatest improvement in thermal conductivity 25 % at a concentration 0.5 wt. % and 45 °C was for hybridized copper nanoparticles-carbon quantum dots. Also, the highest improvement in heat transfer coefficient (h) was reported in Reynolds number 15529 for silver nanoparticles-carbon quantum dots improvement was about 29 %. In addition, copper nanoparticles-carbon quantum dots with a 20 % improvement in transfer heat transfer coefficient reported. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
193 - STUDY OF CO HYDROGENATION TO VALUABLE PRODUCTS USING IRON-BASED CATALYST, WITH AND WITHOUT GAMMA-ALUMINA Support PROMOTER
Neda Choodari Milani Yahya Zamani Sahar Baniyaghoob Ali Nakhaei PourPromoted and unpromoted iron-based catalysts in the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis were prepared by the impregnation method. The composition of the final iron catalysts, regarding to the atomic ratio is as follow 20%Fe/-Al2O3, 20%Fe/5%Cu/3%Zr/-Al2O3. The catalysts were cha MorePromoted and unpromoted iron-based catalysts in the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis were prepared by the impregnation method. The composition of the final iron catalysts, regarding to the atomic ratio is as follow 20%Fe/-Al2O3, 20%Fe/5%Cu/3%Zr/-Al2O3. The catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), inductively coupled plasma (ICP), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), hydrogen temperature programmed reduction (H2-TPR), and BET techniques. The catalyst activity and product selectivity were studied in a fixed bed reactor under 20 bar of pressure, H2/CO = 1, in the temperature (270, 285, and 300 °C) and GHSV range of (2, 4, and 6 l.h-1.gcat-1). Then, the effect of temperature, GHSV and promoters (Cu and Zr) on the catalyst performance were investigated. Increasing the temperatures and GHSV were change CO conversion and product selectivity. The promoted iron-based catalysts have higher C5+ selectivity than the unpromoted catalyst, while C2-C4 selectivity decreased because of simultaneous use of Cu and Zr for promoting the iron catalyst. The Zr and Cu promoters increased the reduction rate of Fe2O3 by providing H2 dissociation sites. The unpromoted and promoted catalysts were tested, where the promoted catalyst showed desirable performance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
194 - Immobilization of palladium nanoparticles on the magnetic quantum dots based on the carbon of chitosan and its catalytic efficiency in reduction of nitroarenes
fatemeh rafiee niloofar tajfarQuantum dot carbon nanoparticles based on magnetic chitosan (Fe3O4@CQD) were prepared through hydrothermal carbonization of chitosan biopolymer and then magnetization with iron oxide (Fe3O4) nanoparticles. Then, in the presence of palladium chloride in ethanol as a solv MoreQuantum dot carbon nanoparticles based on magnetic chitosan (Fe3O4@CQD) were prepared through hydrothermal carbonization of chitosan biopolymer and then magnetization with iron oxide (Fe3O4) nanoparticles. Then, in the presence of palladium chloride in ethanol as a solvent under reflux conditions without using a reducing agent, palladium nanoparticles were stabilized on the surface of carbon quantum dots, and finally, Fe3O4@CQD@Pd nanocatalyst was obtained. The prepared nanocatalyst was characterized by photoluminescence (PL), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), Inductively coupled plasma (ICP), Vibrating-sample magnetometry (VSM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. The efficiency of this magnetic nanocatalyst was evaluated in the reduction reaction of nitroarene derivatives as environmental pollutants, with electron-donating and electron-withdrawing. In the presence of prepared nanocatalyst, at room temperature, and in H2O:EtOH (1:1) as green solvent, aniline derivatives were obtained in excellent yields at short reaction times. Moreover, the nanocatalyst was separated by applying an external magnet and reused at least for four successive runs without a decrease in its catalytic activity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
195 - Solubility of carbon dioxide in 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium nitrate ionic liquid at high pressure
Mojtaba Mirzaei Faezeh Azimi Babak Mokhtarani Ali SharifiThe experimental data of CO2 solubility in the ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium nitrate [Bmim][NO3] were obtained in the temperature range of 25-60 oC and the pressure up to 4.6 MPa. The adsorption process was studied in a double-walled stainless steel batch rea MoreThe experimental data of CO2 solubility in the ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium nitrate [Bmim][NO3] were obtained in the temperature range of 25-60 oC and the pressure up to 4.6 MPa. The adsorption process was studied in a double-walled stainless steel batch reactor with the operational capability of bearing pressure up to 10 MPa, which was equipped with a mechanical stirrer, pressure and temperature sensors. By sarting the CO2 adsorption process, the pressure inside the reactor began to drop, and the equilibrium point was when there was no pressure drop within 15 minutes. The findings showed that the solubility of CO2 in [Bmim][NO3] increased with increasing pressure and decreasing temperature. By entering the equilibrium points obtained from the experiments in the Span-Wagner equation of state, the molar volume (Vm) and fugacity (fCO2) were obtained, which were finally used to obtain the Henry's law constants at zero pressure of CO2 (K°H,CO2) in the ionic liquid [Bmim][NO3]. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
196 - بررسی چگالی پیوند عرضی در پلیاورتانهای پر انرژی تهیه شده از TDI ،GAP و پلیالهای برپایهی ترفتالیک اسید با FT-IR
ابوالقاسم مقیمی اسماعیل عمرانی مهرداد محمودی -
Open Access Article
197 - سنتز پرکنندهی نانو سیلیکون کاربید آمین دار شده و کاربرد آن بهمنظور بهبود ویژگیهای مکانیکی کامپوزیت بر پایهی رزین اپوکسی
سید مجتبی موسوی مهرداد امام وردی اکبر میرزایی -
Open Access Article
198 - Preparation and characterization of water-based biodegradable polyurethanes dispersion and investigating the effects of polyethylene glycol on the properties of biodegradability
Behrooz Ranjbarfar Saeed Taghvaei Ganjali Mir Mohammad Alavi Nikje Shahram MoradiPreparation, characterization, and investigation of the biodegradability behavior of the new generation of biodegradable water-based polyurethanes on the developing of environmentally friendly materials have been studied in this research. This series of biodegradable po MorePreparation, characterization, and investigation of the biodegradability behavior of the new generation of biodegradable water-based polyurethanes on the developing of environmentally friendly materials have been studied in this research. This series of biodegradable polyurethanes were made based on polyols from renewable sources such as castor oil, with polyethylene glycol, using suitable diisocyanate combinations. In this study, in particular, the effects of polyethylene glycol on biodegradability and the properties of these polymers were investigated. Synthesized polymers were characterized using the 1HNMR and Fourier transforms infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Particle size measurements were performed using dynamic light scattering (DLS). The biodegradability of prepared PUDs was assessed and confirmed using water uptake, hydrolytic and enzymatic degradation in phosphate buffer saline (PBS) by using lipase enzyme and by the evaluation of contact angle and atomic force microscopy images. The results of the investigation showed that with the addition of natural and degradable components in the polymer backbone and adjusting the hydrophilic properties of soft segments, useful polyurethanes with desirable degradability properties could be obtained. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
199 - تولید پایه کاتالیستی آلومینا با استفاده از آلومینیم هیدروکسید و محلول سدیم آلومینات
مصطفی محمودیان احد قائمی پرویز کلیدی رضا سلیمی حامد رشیدی -
Open Access Article
200 - سنتز و بررسی ویژگی هیبرید پلییورتان پایه آبی/آکریلات با قابلیت کاربرد در روکش
غزل مینوفر هنگامه هنرکار مهدی باریکانی -
Open Access Article
201 - Explaining the Pattern of Job Creation by Production and Service Cooperatives in Kermanshah Province
Zahra FarshadfarThe issue of employment and manpower in general has always been one of the main concerns of economic policy makers.Achieving economic development and creating employment in the country requires using all available economic potentials in various sectors.The cooperative s MoreThe issue of employment and manpower in general has always been one of the main concerns of economic policy makers.Achieving economic development and creating employment in the country requires using all available economic potentials in various sectors.The cooperative sector is no exception to this situation. One-dimensional attitude towards economic sectors causes the sterility of environmental capabilities in resource efficiency. Therefore, it should be noted that economic development in any land depends on efficiency, integration and optimal combination between economic sectors (agriculture, industry and services).In this study, using two models of basic economy and regional economy, shifting the share and using the population and housing census statistics of 2011 and 2016 to investigate the causes of proportional or disproportionate growth of employees in Kermanshah province compared to the whole country and determine the basic economic sectors. In Kermanshah province and determining the share of employment in the cooperative sector in the basic parts of the province has been studied.The results show the disproportionate growth of employees in Kermanshah province compared to the country's employees in the period under review and the model of change analysis of the causes of this disproportion expresses competitive and structural changes as negative. Estimation of the basic economy model also identifies the agricultural and service sectors and the building sub-sector as basic sectors.Changes in share change coefficients over time indicate the rapid and unbalanced growth of the service sector in the province and indicate a decrease in the advantage of the industrial sector and an increase in the advantage of the agricultural sector in attracting employees. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
202 - The effect of macro monetary and financial variables on stock price index of Tehran Stock Exchange
mohammad sadegh SheykhIn recent decades, the role of the capital market and the expansion of financial markets had a relatively high relationship with the economic growth of countries. Countries such as America, Japan, England, South Korea, Singapore and other developed countries have made g MoreIn recent decades, the role of the capital market and the expansion of financial markets had a relatively high relationship with the economic growth of countries. Countries such as America, Japan, England, South Korea, Singapore and other developed countries have made great use of these financial markets and especially the stock exchange for economic development and growth. In this research, by conducting the ARDL test in the period of 1991-2020, we investigated the long-term and short-term relationships between the variables, with a one percent change in the variables of liquidity and consumer price index, respectively, 26. 4.0.34% will be added to the stock price index of Tehran Stock Exchange. the coefficients of all variables can be interpreted at a significant level of 5%. with a one percent change in the variables of liquidity volume and consumer price index, 1.46, 0.52 percent will be added to the stock price index of Tehran Stock Exchange, respectively. Meanwhile, with a one percent change in monetary base variables and financial development, the stock price index of Tehran Stock Exchange will decrease by 0.86% and 0.67%, respectively. it can be said that with increasing liquidity and after that, the price level increases, the value of assets and production inputs of companies and economic institutions increases. If the price increase of listed companies' products is more than the growth of production costs, the profits of companies will increase and inflation from the future cash flow channel of earnings can have a positive effect on stock prices. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
203 - انگلیسی به عنوان زبان خارجی برداشت معلمان از ساخت دستگاه منحصر به فرد یادگیری زبان در فرآیند فراگیری زبان دوم: نظریه پایه
Milad Omidi Hamid Reza Khalaji Keyvan Mahmoudiدر این مطالعه، ادراک معلمان انگلیسی با تجربه منتخب در مورد ساخت دستگاه منحصر به فرد اکتساب زبان (LAD) در فرآیند اکتساب زبان دوم (SLA) بررسی شده است. از نظریه زمینه و طرح سازنده استفاده شد و از کدگذاری باز، محوری و انتخابی پس از مصاحبه نیمه ساختار یافته از 30 تا 90 استفا Moreدر این مطالعه، ادراک معلمان انگلیسی با تجربه منتخب در مورد ساخت دستگاه منحصر به فرد اکتساب زبان (LAD) در فرآیند اکتساب زبان دوم (SLA) بررسی شده است. از نظریه زمینه و طرح سازنده استفاده شد و از کدگذاری باز، محوری و انتخابی پس از مصاحبه نیمه ساختار یافته از 30 تا 90 استفاده شد. ادراک معلمان هفت دسته مربوط به ساخت LAD منحصر به فرد خود را نشان داد، یعنی (الف) محیط منحصر به فرد. ب) مشکلات روانی؛ ج) عوامل ژنتیکی؛ و (د) فضای مجازی. ادراکات نشان داد که عوامل ذکر شده زیر به طور منحصر به فرد تحت تأثیر مقوله های ذکر شده به طور جداگانه و منحصر به فرد قرار گرفته اند. عواملی مانند انگیزه، علاقه، اعتماد به نفس، عزت نفس، نگرش، دیدگاه، عقیده، نیات، سبک ها و استراتژی های یادگیری، قرار گرفتن در معرض TL، میزان اکتساب، پیشرفت اکتساب، بهره هوشی و هوش، تعامل اجتماعی، وضعیت ذهنی، ظرفیت حافظه، تمرکز، پتانسیل یادگیری، تفکر استعاری و ایدئولوژی به طوری که آنها به دستگاه منحصر به فرد اکتساب زبان (ULAD) در SLA مجهز شوند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
204 - The relationship between achievement motivation,self concept,and performance in science in eighth graders:a study based on analyses of results of TIMSS-R
Younes Gholami Mohammad, K. Khodapanahi Abbas Rahiminezhad Mahmoud HeidariThis research compared the relationships between achievement motivation, self concept, and achie- presented in the Third International Studies of Science and Math (TIMSS- of the MoreThis research compared the relationships between achievement motivation, self concept, and achie- presented in the Third International Studies of Science and Math (TIMSS- of the c TIMSS test, randomly selected by the International Institute for Academic Achievement Evaluation. The material included a Science !" and an individual questionnaire and both were administered by the ministries of education of the related countries. The results were # $ % study. The results of ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis, and inde- pendent ttest showed a significant difference between students’ self concept, expectations about continuing their education, and academic achievement. But, there was no significant difference between the students’ attitudes, interests, perceptions regarding the importance of science, time spent out of home to learn the material, gender, and achievement in science. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
205 - Effectiveness of Music Training on Preschoolers' Learning of Basic Mathematical Skills
Seyyed Nabiollah Ghasemtabar Farkhonde Mofidi Ali Z. Mohammadi Seyyed Abdollah GhasemtabarThis study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of Orff music training on the preschoolers’ learning of basic mathematical skills. Using convenience sampling method, 30 year old children (16 females and 14 males) with an intelligence quotient ranges of 110-130 w MoreThis study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of Orff music training on the preschoolers’ learning of basic mathematical skills. Using convenience sampling method, 30 year old children (16 females and 14 males) with an intelligence quotient ranges of 110-130 were selected and examined in an intervention group and a control group. The intervention group received Orff music training two hours a week for three months. The Assessment of Basic Mathematical Skills Scale for Children (Kohansedgh, 1997) were then administered to both groups. Covariance analysis indicated that Orff music traini- ng increased the learning ability of preschoolers in classification, similarities/differences detection, conservation of numbers, and geometry skills. No significant difference was found between the two groups in seriating skill. The results were discussed in terms of the effect of music training on learning of basic mathematical skills of children. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
206 - Effectiveness of gestalt play therapy in decreasing social phobia
Maryam Farahzadi Mehdi Zare Bahramabadi Mohammad Ali MohammadifarThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of Gestalt play therapy in decreasing social phobia of fourth grade students. In order to select participants, two girls schools of the 2nd educational district of Tehran were selected by cluster random samp MoreThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of Gestalt play therapy in decreasing social phobia of fourth grade students. In order to select participants, two girls schools of the 2nd educational district of Tehran were selected by cluster random sampling method. Then, the teachers completed the social phobia items of the Child Symptom Inventory (CSI-4; Gadow, & Sparfkin, 1994). Based on teachers' reports, 12 students (M=11) were selected and assigned randomly to two equally experimental and control groups. The research design was pretest - posttest control group. The experimental group received 10 sessions of Gestalt play therapy (90 minutes a week) in groups. After 10th session, the teachers completed the social phobia items of the Child Symptom Inventory for both groups. Data were analyzed using covariance analyses. The results indicated that Gestalt play therapy was effective on decreasing the scores of the diagnosing and the severity factors of social phobia symptoms in the posttest phase. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
207 - Study of the relationship between relative humidity and the dewpoint depression in moist air on surface in period of five years (-) in stations of Mehrabad and North of Tehran
R. HaroutounianIn this study all tries have been done to simplify & to determine a linear relationbetween Relative Humidity and Dewpoint depression through the ClausiusClapeyron and the Relative Humidity Equations, and also by using dailyexperimental data in a period of years MoreIn this study all tries have been done to simplify & to determine a linear relationbetween Relative Humidity and Dewpoint depression through the ClausiusClapeyron and the Relative Humidity Equations, and also by using dailyexperimental data in a period of years (- ) from Tehran meteorologystations of North (an elevation of meters above sea level) & of Mehrabad (anelevation of meters above sea level). This outcome has been obtained undercondition of the atmosphere and geographical ambient of Tehran city. In result, theobtained linear Equation was RH=100-5.18(T-Td) which showed a decrease of Tdincrease of Dewpoint depression by about 1oC for every % decrease in RH.Therefore, there were several efficient usages for presented simple linear Equation.One of them was to estimate cumulus cloud base level (LCL – lifting condensationlevel). Considering the ratio changes of RH with Dewpoint depression, linearEquation for estimating Cumulus cloud base level which is Zlcl = 125(T-Td)changed in the form of Zlcl = 24.13(100-RH) . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
208 - جوشکاری سوپر آلیاژ پایه نیکل روسوب سخت شونده
محمد رضا محقق نیاترکیبی از خواص مکانیکی و مقاومت در برابر خوردگی در دمای بالا در آلیاژهای پایه نیکل سبب گردیده، که در کارکردهای دما بالا در ساخت توربین های توید برق به کار برود. به جهت تولید این تجهیز و به ضرورت اتصال نهایی، به کرات از فرآیند جوشکاری در اتصال این قطعات به هم استفاده می Moreترکیبی از خواص مکانیکی و مقاومت در برابر خوردگی در دمای بالا در آلیاژهای پایه نیکل سبب گردیده، که در کارکردهای دما بالا در ساخت توربین های توید برق به کار برود. به جهت تولید این تجهیز و به ضرورت اتصال نهایی، به کرات از فرآیند جوشکاری در اتصال این قطعات به هم استفاده میگردد. در این مقاله به بررسی متغییرهای فرآیند جوشکاری و تاثیر آن بر زیر ساختار نهایی پرداخته میشود. این خانواده با بهره گیری از رسوبات بین فازی، مقاومت بالایی در کارکرد دما بالا دارند. این مقاومت در اثر عملیات آنیل-روسوب سختی، پس از اتمام فرآیند تولید، ایجاد میگردد. با توجه به حساسیت قطعه با توجه به عملیات فوق، میبایست تنش و عوامل ایجاد کننده ترک در فرآیند جوشکاری توجه ویژهای داشت. در اثر وجود عناصر آلیاژی و فرآیند های رسوب سختی این خانواده مستعد به ترک دار شدن ناشی از فرآیند جوشکاری و عملیات های پس از آن میباشند Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
209 - فرار مالیاتی در پایه مالیات بر درآمد اشخاص حقوقی در ایران ) برآوردهای سالانه 1392-1352(
رضا امیدی پور جمشید پژویان -
Open Access Article
210 - تأثیر شوکهای پایه پولی بر بازده قیمتی سهام شرکتهای فعال بورسی (رویکرد DSGE)
میثم کاویانی پرویز سعیدی حسین دیده خانی سید فخر الدین فخر حسینی -
Open Access Article
211 - Determining the Desired Level of Monetary Base and the Money Multiplierand the Impact of each on Inflation
علی اباذری عسکری حمیدرضا حری علیرضا شکیباییIn recent decades, numerous studies have been conducted about inflation in developed and developing countries. Although there is a general understanding of the concept of inflation, there is no consensus among economists about its causes. This study, using data from the MoreIn recent decades, numerous studies have been conducted about inflation in developed and developing countries. Although there is a general understanding of the concept of inflation, there is no consensus among economists about its causes. This study, using data from the years 1973-2017 is to investigate the role of liquidity growth on inflation in Iran. Liquidity will be discussed from two channels; the monetary base and the money multiplier, which are the components of the society’s money volume and the impact of each of these two factors on inflation is measured, and the favorable and optimal rate will be obtained for the economy of the country. Research methodology and estimation is Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL). The results show that the monetary base variable has had a positive significant effect on the variable inflation. The money multiplier has had a positive and significant impact on inflation regarding its importance as one of the effective variables in the changes in money volume. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
212 - Alyzing the Effects of Fuel Price Reform on Electricity Industry’s Financial Balance, Employing a Simulation of the Function of the Market
jamshid Pajooyan Taymot mohammadi Ali Asghar Ismail Nia elham gaforiyan Abstract This article is devoted to the study of the impact of a reform in power plant fuel prices on the key variables of Iran's electricity market (average electricity price and the financial balance of the electricity industry). It is based on a simulation m More Abstract This article is devoted to the study of the impact of a reform in power plant fuel prices on the key variables of Iran's electricity market (average electricity price and the financial balance of the electricity industry). It is based on a simulation model. In this regard, we employed a model in which the presence or absence of competition in the electricity market is based on the amount of power plant storage factor that is available in every hour. The corresponding critical storage factor, which is based on actual operation, is also calculated. Due to a suppressed price cap and availability rate (that is even lower than what is necessary for sending optimal investment signals), the current price cap and availability rate is not a valid starting point for calculating the desired effects. Hence, before examining the effects of a price reform on the mentioned variables, the price cap and availability rates need to be adjusted to a level that can guarantee a minimum IRR for investors in this sector. According to calculations, in order to sending the necessary signals for investment, by assuming a fixed availability rate, it is necessary to increase the current price cap (nearly 417 Rials per kilowatt hour) to a new level (570 Rials per kilowatt hour). According to that, the average wholesale market price will increase from nearly 600 Rials per kilowatt hour to 706 Rials per kilowatt hour. The implementation of this policy imposes a financial burden of about 29894 billion Rials to the Ministry of Energy. Given that, in markets amid with a price cap (and hence an availability payment), a price reform in fuel price, requires a proportional modification in the market price cap. Based on this obligation, the effects of the price reform on the mentioned variables, is calculated and analyzed. The analysis is based on three different scenarios about fuel price for power plants; The price of gas used in the petrochemical industry (as a raw material for this industry), the price of gas that is exported to Turkey, and, the minimum bound foreseen in the "law on the targeting of subsidies" in relation to the price of natural gas. Implementation of the mentioned scenarios will increase the market cap from 570 Rials per kilowatt hour to 1783, 3655 and 2830 Rials per kilowatt hour respectively. Adjusted average market price, proportional to the adjustment made in the market price cap, would be equivalent to 1922, 3801 and 2973 rials per kilowatt hour respectively. Furthermore, the financial burden corresponding to these scenarios will be 61717, 156574 and 114866 billion Rials respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
213 - Flaws in bank demand guarantees with emphasis on the uniform regulations of the International Chamber of Commerce
Musa Talebi Haider Hassanzadeh Sattar Zarklam Jalil MalikiAbstractThe autonomous principle with a special advantage granted to commercial documents, especially on-demand guarantees; It provides the means for immediate payment, in principle, regardless of the imperfections of the underlying contract, to obtain some kind of assu MoreAbstractThe autonomous principle with a special advantage granted to commercial documents, especially on-demand guarantees; It provides the means for immediate payment, in principle, regardless of the imperfections of the underlying contract, to obtain some kind of assurance in transactions. Exceptions to the autonomous principle include cases that relate in some way to the ineligibility of the beneficiary concerning the underlying contract, followed by the rule of law, a well-known example of which is a fraudulent demand. Some of the country's laws, and in particular the new draft of the Commercial Code, have recognized the use of guarantees, but the judicial procedure needs to be further developed to clarify the dimensions of the objections that can be cited in this regard. Defects that can be cited in The Uniform Rules of On-Demand Guarantees 758 is the main issue that seems to be able to be cited in the non-payment of the guarantee, according to other laws in this field, namely blatant abuse or fraud and article 19 implicitly refers to formal and substantive defects and these problems have been solved in a way, which has caused the functioning of the principle of independence in the international arena to face disorders, as a result of which the use of These rules has been followed for international trade. However, by analyzing these materials and complying with the domestic law of the country, the defects related to the autonomous principle and its exceptions can be eliminated by protecting the interests of the parties. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
214 - بررسی دیدگاه ویتگنشتاین متأخر درباره گزاره های پایه
ABDOLLAH MOHAMMADIویتگنشتاین متأخر گزارههای پایه را مبتنی بر نظریه خویش در بازیهای زبانی و چارچوب ذهنی، تفسیر میکند. وی با شکاکیت مقابله کرده وآن را خودمتناقض میداند و گزارههای بدیهی را از ساختار بشر حذفناشدنی شمرده است. با اینحال از نظر او میان گزارههای پایه تجربی و ریاضی، مرز رو Moreویتگنشتاین متأخر گزارههای پایه را مبتنی بر نظریه خویش در بازیهای زبانی و چارچوب ذهنی، تفسیر میکند. وی با شکاکیت مقابله کرده وآن را خودمتناقض میداند و گزارههای بدیهی را از ساختار بشر حذفناشدنی شمرده است. با اینحال از نظر او میان گزارههای پایه تجربی و ریاضی، مرز روشنی نیست. گزارههای پایه ریاضی نیز متأثر از بازی زبانی و مبتنی بر حافظه هستند و به همین دلیل، ممکن است مورد فراموشی، غفلت یا اشتباه واقع شوند. از نظر وی گزارههای پایه تنها تصدیق ضروری دارند ولی خطاناپذیر نیستند. در نظریه ویتگنشتاین، میان مفهوم و زبان خلط شده است. بازی زبانی، فرهنگ و تاریخ بر ساحت زبان اثر میگذارند، در حالیکه صدق گزارههای بدیهی منطق و ریاضی در ساحت مفهوم سنجیده میشود. همچنین تفاوت میان یقین روانشناختی و یقین منطقی را میتوان با روش تحلیل آنها و نیز امکان یا عدم امکان ناسازگاری مفهومی بررسی کرد. صدق گزارههای بدیهی نیز با ارجاع آنها به علم حضوری اثباتپذیر است. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
215 - Foundations of Reformed Epistemology and the mesure of Reid`s Influence
Abbas Yazdani Hosein ali NasrollahiReformed epistemology as a new school in philosophy of religion, particularly in religious epistemology which criticizing classic and modern foundationalism on the criterion of rationality of religious beliefs claims that belief in God can be intelligible regardless to MoreReformed epistemology as a new school in philosophy of religion, particularly in religious epistemology which criticizing classic and modern foundationalism on the criterion of rationality of religious beliefs claims that belief in God can be intelligible regardless to be successful or unsuccesful of evidence or arguments for the existence of God. It is claimed that reformed epistemologists have been significantly influenced by eighteen`s century Scottish philosopher Thomas Reid (1710-1796). The purpose of this paper is to assess this claim by considering the foundations of reformed epistemology according to Plantinga, Wolterstorff, Alston and Reid`s writings as well as writings about Reid from one side, and analyzing and comparing them on the other side. The conclusion is that reformed epistemology has been influenced by Reid in it`s foundations of general epistemology, but according to the religious epistemology, one can not attribute easily the main claim of this school, that is, basicality of belief in God, to Reid. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
216 - Comparison and Conflict of US- Heshad al-Sha'bi Security Approach in Iraq; Procedure and Perspective
toraj afshon Abdolhossein AllahkaramAbstract: The people security is, in fact, a new concept that, with the formation of a "popular mobilization" in Iran after the Islamic Revolution of 1979, and in Iraq, after ISIL's crackdown, formed part of its territory with the authority, in such a way that the prese MoreAbstract: The people security is, in fact, a new concept that, with the formation of a "popular mobilization" in Iran after the Islamic Revolution of 1979, and in Iraq, after ISIL's crackdown, formed part of its territory with the authority, in such a way that the presence of the ideological elements and the people are prominent in its structure. It can now be argued that the closure of a branch as a public ideological structure actually filled the gap caused by "the ineffectiveness of the structure constructed by the occupiers in the post-fallen period of Saddam" and turned into an intrinsic, efficient and capable force, in the field of security for the community and government in Iraq. The present paper seeks to explain that it is important to rely on people in military- security areas to be more efficient than dependence, and Heshad al-Sha'bi, in spite of some challenges, has had great achievements in the military security scene. To the point that the ineffectiveness of Washington's military security agenda was further enhanced, and pushed the prospect of "building security based on ideological and popular beliefs." Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
217 - Determining the optimal response of Feynman-Kak stochastic-financial equation based on Jacobi and Irfoil expansion
Sayed Mohammad AlaviSheshamd Shadan SediqBehzadiAbstractIn this paper, we solve the Feynman-Kac equation using the collocation method with Jacobi and Airfoil bases. This partial differential equation is one of the most important and widely used random equations in financial mathematics. Due to the increasing demand i MoreAbstractIn this paper, we solve the Feynman-Kac equation using the collocation method with Jacobi and Airfoil bases. This partial differential equation is one of the most important and widely used random equations in financial mathematics. Due to the increasing demand in applied sciences such as financial mathematics, economics and complexity in modeling, data analysis and calculation, significant efforts have been made in search of better mathematical models to obtain approximate solutions to the modeled equations in recent years. It is well established that many of the systems encountered in the new era cannot be represented by ordinary differential equations in the traditional way or by the model of random differential equations. This equation offers a solution for quadratic partial differential equations and stochastic differential equations. Applications of this formula in the field of random control, financial mathematics, risk analysis and related fields can be mentioned. In this paper, by applying numerical methods to the Feynman-Kac equation, nonlinear devices are obtained that can be solved by numerical methods for solving nonlinear devices, such as Newton's iterative method. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
218 - Survey the relationship between parents' participation with academic achievement of fifth-grade students in Gorgan city
sadraddin sattari mahdi mirakizadehThis research was conducted to investigate the relationship between parents' participation with academic achievement of fifth grade elementary students in Gorgan city using descriptive correlation research method. The statistical population of the study consisted of par MoreThis research was conducted to investigate the relationship between parents' participation with academic achievement of fifth grade elementary students in Gorgan city using descriptive correlation research method. The statistical population of the study consisted of parents of male students studying in the fifth elementary school of Gorgan, which was 2950 according to the statistics of the education department of Gorgan. From this statistical population, 320 people were selected by using the krejcie and Morgan sampling table and by cluster random sampling method. The data required for parents' participation variable was collected using Margaret standard questionnaire. The student's average was also considered as an indicator of academic achievement. The formal & content validity of the parents' participation questionnaire was approved by the experts, and the reliability of questionnaire by using Cronbach's alpha was obtained 0/93. The collective Data were analyzed by using descriptive and inferential statistics (single group T test, Pearson correlation and multiple regression analysis). The results show that the significant & positive relationship between parents' participation with students academic achievement. Also, Parents' Supervision and educational' relation can predict students' academic achievement, but the Parents' Expectations component cannot predict academic achievement. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
219 - Provide a dynamic model of financing small and medium enterprises (SMEs) with DANP approach
Bizhan Nosrati Barandagh Abbas toloie Ehsan Sadeh zeinolabedin aminisabeghThe purpose of present article is to design a dynamic model (DM) of financing SMEs according to Decision Making Trial And Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) based on Analytical Network Process (ANP) (DANP) approach. The innovation of this article is to take hybrid of DANP MoreThe purpose of present article is to design a dynamic model (DM) of financing SMEs according to Decision Making Trial And Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) based on Analytical Network Process (ANP) (DANP) approach. The innovation of this article is to take hybrid of DANP and DM in financing SMEs approach. This article has paid using different scenarios in financing SMEs and model simulation. The dynamic model is formulated therefore, based on previous literature and the fuzzy screening method, extracting effective factors on financing SMEs and causal link identified. Then it was included in the model using the DANP the relationships between them and the amount of impact coefficients are determined. Finally identify new financing methods over a 10 month period in order to test the accuracy of the model and to determine the behavior of the state and rate variables, we collected data from 24 SMEs. The behavior of research variables analyzing by evaluated in the framework of the model as well as sensitivity analysis the validity of the DM is designed. The results showed that SMEs use the designed model and the scenarios can be used to finance their business optimally. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
220 - مقایسه مدل های شبکه عصبی با مدل سری زمانی باکس- جنکینز در پیش بینی شاخص کل قیمت سهام بورس اوراق بهادار تهران
جلال حقیقت منفرد محمود احمدعلینژاد سارا متقالچی -
Open Access Article
221 - Analysis of Common Weighting Method in Data Envelopment Analysis Based on Customer Satisfaction of Companies Active in Tehran Stock Exchange
Zahra Bodaghi Mahnaz Ahadzadeh Namin Shadi ShahverdianiThe traditional data envelopment analysis model allows the decision maker unit (DMU) to use the most favorable weights to evaluate the efficiency. This type of evaluation with the most flexibility can prevent the full ranking of DMUs and the evaluation results for DMUs MoreThe traditional data envelopment analysis model allows the decision maker unit (DMU) to use the most favorable weights to evaluate the efficiency. This type of evaluation with the most flexibility can prevent the full ranking of DMUs and the evaluation results for DMUs are unacceptable. To solve this problem in data envelopment analysis, a common weight approach based on the concept of the degree of satisfaction of a DMU has been introduced. Also, to solve a common weight model, which is a nonlinear model, an algorithm is presented that can be modeled step by step. In this paper, we will evaluate the performance of companies active in Tehran Stock Exchange using a common weight model for 24 companies active in Tehran Stock Exchange. The weighted average performance of Tehran Stock Exchange companies for the years 1394 and 1395. The results show that this method will rank companies without any interference during these two years. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
222 - Design portfolio using a scenario planning approach using Assumption-based planning
feridoon Rahnamay Roodposhti Neda ShirinbayanThe market capitalization of the main pillars of the economy of any country is mentioned as a showcase and a thermometer of the economy, which represents the country's economy. Design portfolio as one of the most important issues in the financial sector has been conside MoreThe market capitalization of the main pillars of the economy of any country is mentioned as a showcase and a thermometer of the economy, which represents the country's economy. Design portfolio as one of the most important issues in the financial sector has been considered by capital market participants. This research started by identifying the most important factors affecting capital markets and the use of questionnaires and enjoying views of financial experts to select the critical factors deals. Data obtained from this phase was followed by an assessment questionnaires matched. Experts in this questionnaire to select one of the dimensions of uncertainty and its impact on the index were equal exchange industry. In order to calculate the similarity between uncertainty and industries Kappa test was used. Then analyzes the results of the previous stage using planning assumptions were based. Finally, with regard to the selection of possible scenarios and possible choice of industry-based planning method was assumed. To examine and analyze statistical data and drawing graphs Spss and Excel used. Assumption-based planning of futures studies methods. In this study, a new quantitative approach to portfolio design was introduced. The results show assumption-based planning used for portfolio optimization and also outperformed the market index is. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
223 - Stock Deposit Certificates, a Modern Instrument for Financing, Maintaining Management Control and increasing liquidity in Capital Market
Mehdi Zolfaghari reza KianiLooking for financial markets development in developed countries and emerging markets, the different financial instruments have been introuduced to meet the wide and variety demand of investors. These instruments include a wide range of stocks, fixed income securities, MoreLooking for financial markets development in developed countries and emerging markets, the different financial instruments have been introuduced to meet the wide and variety demand of investors. These instruments include a wide range of stocks, fixed income securities, derivatives contracts and a combination of them. In this regard, the stock deposit certificates as a financial engineering product, not only pleys as a financing Instrument in the capital markets, but according to the having the unique features, but increases the stock market efficiency by increasing stock liquidity. It also maintains the management control of major shareholders. Therefore regarding to the low liquidity of Iran stock market and lack of the companies willingness for financing through the issue of new shares (despite the serious need) due to loss of managerial control, in this paper we introduced the operating model of the stock deposit certificates that it was localized for Iran stock market. This instrument is considered as a new instrument in corporate financing (without loss of management control) and increase the efficiency of capital markets (through increased liquidity). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
224 - پیش بینی بازده شاخص بورس اوراق بهادار با استفاده از مدلهای شبکه ها عصبی مصنوعی شعاع پایه
رضا تهرانی سعید مرادپور -
Open Access Article
225 - بررسی بازار سرمایه ایران در مقایسه با کشورهای توسعه یافته و نوظهور
محمد هادی صادق -
Open Access Article
226 - Concepts and categories of a competent leader model in rural and nomadic multi-grade schools of the Ministry of Education of Iran
noormohammad soltani mohammadreza rabieemondajin mohammad hakak mina Jamshidi AvankiThe present study was conducted to design a suitable model for the competencies of educational leaders of rural and nomadic primary schools of the Ministry of Education of Iran. This research is based on the purpose of developmental and applied research and in terms of MoreThe present study was conducted to design a suitable model for the competencies of educational leaders of rural and nomadic primary schools of the Ministry of Education of Iran. This research is based on the purpose of developmental and applied research and in terms of nature and methodology is one of the combined research that has been done in two stages: qualitative and quantitative. In the first stage, qualitative research based on data theory and using a purposeful approach and applying saturation criteria, in-depth interviews were conducted with 21 participants for a total of 1044 minutes and the data theory theory method was used to analyze the interviews. Is. A total of 684 open source or primary code was extracted. From a total of open source, 112 basic concepts were extracted. In the next stage, the basic concepts were classified into 22 coherent categories according to the aspects of similarity and semantic difference. In the second stage, quantitative research by preparing a researcher-made questionnaire includes 112 specialized questions with a five-point Likert scale. These questions are classified into 22 sub-structures and 6 main structures. With high validity and reliability. Cronbach's alpha of all variables was greater than 0.7. The final questionnaire with a sample of 311 people was distributed among the educational leaders of rural and nomadic schools. Raw data obtained from the statistical population have been analyzed using appropriate statistical techniques of SPSS and Smart PLS software and the conceptual model of the research has been finalized. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
227 - Investigation of hydrogen desorption temperature of MgH2-10wt% (Ti, Mn, V and Fe) nanocomposite produced by mechanical alloying
حسین محمدی سید جمال حسینی پور محمد رجبیMagnesium hydride is one of the attractive hydrogen storage materials because of its hydrogen storage capacity (7.6 wt %), low cost and light weight. However, high hydrogen desorption temperature and a high reactivity toward oxygen limit the use of MgH2 in practical app MoreMagnesium hydride is one of the attractive hydrogen storage materials because of its hydrogen storage capacity (7.6 wt %), low cost and light weight. However, high hydrogen desorption temperature and a high reactivity toward oxygen limit the use of MgH2 in practical applications. Many efforts have focused on Mg-based hydrides in recent years to reduce the desorption temperature. These can be accomplished to some extent by changing the microstructure of the hydride by mechanical alloying and also by using proper catalysts. In this work, Ti, Mn, V and Fe elements were added to MgH2 either in the form of powder mixture or prealloyed powder and after 30 h mechanical alloying, the properties of obtained nanocomposites were investigated by X-ray diffractometery, scanning electron microscopy and thermal analysis. The results showed that the addition of prealloyed powder to MgH2 and 30 h mechanical alloying of powder mixture is more effective in dehydrogenation properties. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
228 - The Effect of Electrical Discharge Machining Parameters On 2024 Aluminum-Based Composite Material Using Calculation and Analysis of the Total Normalized Quality Loss and Signal-to-Noise Analysis
Behnam Masoudi saeed daneshmandMetal matrix composites, according to the type of reinforcement used, have a different machinability. 2024 Aluminum matrix composites reinforced with aluminum oxide is among the materials the machining of which through traditional methods leads to the rapid wear of the MoreMetal matrix composites, according to the type of reinforcement used, have a different machinability. 2024 Aluminum matrix composites reinforced with aluminum oxide is among the materials the machining of which through traditional methods leads to the rapid wear of the tool; hence, EDM is a suitable method for machining this class of materials. Given that this machining method has different parameters, optimal set of machining parameters has a major effect on machining time, surface quality and tool wear rate. Using calculation and analysis of the total normalized quality loss (TNQL) and simultaneous signal to noise ratio of the outputs, this research is an attempt to investigate the effect of EDM parameters including current intensity, voltage, pulse on-time, and pulse off-time on material removal rate, tool wear rate and surface roughness in a the states of with and without powder and rotary tool. The results showed that current intensity and then pulse on-time, pulse off-time, and voltage have respectively the most important effect on output parameters of machining. The use of aluminum oxide powder and rotary tool increases gap and creates a centrifugal force and hence moves particles away from the area of machining and finally increases MRR. The use of aluminum powder in collision with sparks makes the sparks smaller and reduces their penetration depth and, thus, reduces the surface roughness. The results of optimization without powder and rotary tool proposes the combination of parameters as A3B1C2D3 while with powder and rotary tool proposes the combination of parameters as A1B1C2D3. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
229 - Investigation on effect of Hafnium addition on electrical and isothermal oxidation resistance of Ni-super alloy using for metallic interconnect of SOFC
dannial azimi- yancheshmeh Mohammad Esmailian Kourosh ShirvaniNi-Cr-Al-Hf alloys containing 0, 0.1, 0.2 and 0.4 wt.% Hf were produced and their isothermal oxidation behavior and electrical resistance has been investigated in air for 75 h at the temperature of 1000 °C. Microstructures of the oxidized samples were examined using MoreNi-Cr-Al-Hf alloys containing 0, 0.1, 0.2 and 0.4 wt.% Hf were produced and their isothermal oxidation behavior and electrical resistance has been investigated in air for 75 h at the temperature of 1000 °C. Microstructures of the oxidized samples were examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electrical resistance was measured. The samples showed different microstructures, and oxidation behavior depending on their chemical composition. The results indicated that the sample containing 0.4 wt.% Hf had the lowest weight gain, while the weight gain of the sample without Hf was the highest. An external scale of spinel overlying a region of internal oxides precipitates formed on Ni-12Cr-4.5Al. Conversely, an external Al2O3 formed on the samples containing Hf additions. In absence of Hf, Cr2O3 was the major scale that formed on surface. The improvement in the oxidation resistance is believed to be due to the transition between the internal and external oxidation of aluminum, adherent and protective Al2O3 oxide layer on the surface of the Ni-12Cr-4.5Al-0.4Hf alloy. It was found that the scale adhesion can be affected by mechanical keying at the alloy/scale interface resulting from the pegs’ formation during oxidation. Higher electrical resistance of Alloy without Hf is due to higher thickness of oxide scale formation on surface and sample with 0.4 wt.% Hf showed lowest electrical resistance due to thinner scale of Al2O3. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
230 - Enhanced thermal stability of Zr56Co28Al16 bulk metallic glass with addition of Ag and Cu elements
Masoud Mohammadi Rahvard Morteza Tamizifar Seyed Mohammad Ali BoutorabiThe non-isothermal crystallization kinetics of Zr56Co28Al16, Zr56Co24Ag4Al16 and Zr56Co22Cu6Al16 BMGs were studied by differential scanning calorimetry at the continuous heating rates of 10, 20, 30 and 40 K/min. The crystallization kinetics parameters, including the eff MoreThe non-isothermal crystallization kinetics of Zr56Co28Al16, Zr56Co24Ag4Al16 and Zr56Co22Cu6Al16 BMGs were studied by differential scanning calorimetry at the continuous heating rates of 10, 20, 30 and 40 K/min. The crystallization kinetics parameters, including the effective and local activation energies corresponding to the characteristic temperatures, sensitivity of the characteristic temperatures to the heating rate were investigated. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to investigate the glassy alloys structure. The activation energies of characteristic temperatures were obtained by Kissinger and Ozawa methods. Also, the heating rate sensitivity of characteristic temperatures was determined by Lasoca method. The Ag-bearing Zr-based BMG presented higher activation energies with values of Eg=402, EX1= 336 and EX2= 395 kJ/mol and lower heating rate sensitivity in regard to characteristic temperatures, indicating a higher stabilization of the supercooled liquid, which can be correlated with the existence of strong icosahedral short range order (ISRO) clusters in the structure Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
231 - Modification of Microstructure and Enhancing Mechanical Properties of as-cast AZ91 Magnesium alloy via Friction Stir Processing
Hassan Jiryaei Sharahi Majid Pouranvari Mojtaba MovahediMagnesium alloys, as the lightest structural alloys, due to their high strength-to-weight ratio offer significant potential for improving energy efficiency of various transportation systems. This paper addresses the influence of friction stir processing (FSP) treatment MoreMagnesium alloys, as the lightest structural alloys, due to their high strength-to-weight ratio offer significant potential for improving energy efficiency of various transportation systems. This paper addresses the influence of friction stir processing (FSP) treatment on the microstructure and mechanical properties of cast AZ91 Mg alloy. It is demonstrated that FSP treatment enables elimination of dendritic structure, significant grain refining, break-up and partial dissolution of coarse β and formation of ultra-fine sub-micron Mg17Al12 particles. These microstructural modifications resulted in enhancement of mechanical properties in terms of tensile strength and energy absorption by 48% and 283%, respectively. It is shown that FSP treatment altered the failure mechanism of the alloy from brittle cleavage-dominant mode to ductile dimple-dominant mode which can increase the potential of Mg alloys to use in safety-critical application. Therefore, it can be concluded that FSP, as a process of sever plastic deformation at high temperature, has a great potential to tailor the microstructure and enhancing the mechanical properties of cast Mg alloys. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
232 - Investigation of the Effect of Strontium Ion Content on Thermal, Bioactivity, Antibacterial Properties and Behavior of MC3T3-E1 Osteoblast Cells in Silicate-Based Bioactive Glass
Noushin Nankali Amirhossein Moghanian Morteza Saghafi YazdiBioactive glass (BG), is able to bind to body tissues, in this regard, it can be considered suitable material for applications such as bone tissue engineering. In this study, we first synthesized and studied the structural changes, biocompatibility, in vitro bioactivity MoreBioactive glass (BG), is able to bind to body tissues, in this regard, it can be considered suitable material for applications such as bone tissue engineering. In this study, we first synthesized and studied the structural changes, biocompatibility, in vitro bioactivity, biological behavior and antibacterial properties of silicate-based BG containing with strontium. To evaluate the bioactivity, the BG powder was placed in a simulated body fluid (SBF) solution for 1, 3, 7 and 14 days and then before and after the mentioned time periods, the changes and the process of forming a hydroxyapatite (HA) layer on their surface was studied by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), release rates of various ions elements, pH changes and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results of X-ray diffraction tests and infrared spectroscopy studies confirmed the formation of crystalline HA layer on the BG surface. Moreover, the results of live/dead assay, nucleus microstructure and actin microfilaments of MC3T3-E1 osteoblast cells showed that 5% of strontium in silicate-based bioactive glass led to the growth, proliferation and activity of MC3T3-E1 osteoblast cells. The results of cytotoxicity test and evaluation of alkaline phosphate activity showed that substitution of strontium instead of calcium in silicate-based bioactive glass composition not only did not cause cytotoxicity but also caused significant proliferation and activity of MC3T3-E1 osteoblast cells. Meanwhile, improvements in the antibacterial properties of strontium-containing bioactive glass against MRSA bacteria were observed in comparison with strontium-free bioactive glass. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
233 - Thermal shock behavior of thermal barrier coatings YSZ, YSZ/mullite and gradient coating YSZ/mullite on nickel base superalloy prepared by plasma spray (APS) method
Nader Soltani iman mobasherpour Esmail Salahi Ali Sedaghat AhangaryIn this research, thermal shock behavior, three types of yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ), yttria-stabilized zirconia and mullite coating (YSZ/Mullite) and gradient coating of yttria-stabilized zirconia and mullite (YSZ/Mullite) thermal barrier coatings on Inconel 738 l MoreIn this research, thermal shock behavior, three types of yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ), yttria-stabilized zirconia and mullite coating (YSZ/Mullite) and gradient coating of yttria-stabilized zirconia and mullite (YSZ/Mullite) thermal barrier coatings on Inconel 738 low carbon nickel base superalloy along with bond coated by plasma spray method was compared.Using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD), microstructure and phase analysis were done. The percentage of porosity and thermal shock of coatings at 1100°C temperature was investigated and compared. The results showed that with the increase of mullite in layer and gradient on YSZ coatings, the number of holes and porosity decreases, which is due to the increase in the amount of melted mullite particles. The percentage of porosity related to layer and gradient coating of mullite was obtained as 8 and 3.5% respectively. Using the results of the thermal shock test, it was determined that the lifetime of the mullite layer coating is longer than the mullite gradient coating and the YSZ coating. The maximum lifespan of the layered coating of mullite was recorded as 70 cycles of 10 minutes in a furnace with a temperature of 1100°C. The gradient coatings of mullite showed a higher percentage of shrinkage in thermal shock than the layered mullite coating. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
234 - ارزیابی ریزساختار و جوش پذیری اتصال غیر مشابه سوپرآلیاژ اینکونل ۷۱۸ به فولاد زنگ نزن آستنیتیS۳۱۰
علی مرتضایی مرتضی شمعانیان احمد ساعتچی -
Open Access Article
235 - The role of graphite substrate on the formation of C/SiC gradient structure during pack cementation process
Jalil Pourasad Naser Ehsani Seyed Ali Khalife soltaniThe graphite has been generally used as a high-temperature structural material. However, graphite can easily react with oxygen even at temperatures as low as 400 °C. The graded silicon carbide (SiC) characterized by compositional gradation over microscopic distances MoreThe graphite has been generally used as a high-temperature structural material. However, graphite can easily react with oxygen even at temperatures as low as 400 °C. The graded silicon carbide (SiC) characterized by compositional gradation over microscopic distances, is considered to be the most promising coating material in order to prevent the oxidation of graphite. In this paper, SiC coating has been created on five kinds of graphite substrates using a pack cementation method. The relationship between the microstructure and property of graphite substrates and SiC coating was investigated experimentally and theoretically. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis demonstrate that the coating obtained by the pack cementation is a dense structure comprising Si, C and β-SiC. It was found that the kind of graphite has marked effect on the microstructure of SiC coating. SiC gradient coating is expected to form on the surface of graphite with high density, good graphitized, appropriate porosity and the pore radius mainly over the range of 600–710 nm. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
236 - بهینه سازی پارامترهای جوشکاری قوس تنگستن گاز پالسی در اتصال غیرمشابه مونل۴۰۰ و فولاد زنگ نزن آستنیتیL۳۱۶
علی خلیلی مسعود کثیری عسگرانی مرتضی شمعانیاندر این مقاله بهینه سازی پارامترهای جوشکاری قوس تنگستن-گاز پالسی از جمله جریان پالس، جریان زمینه، فرکانس پالس و کسر زمان روشن بودن پالس در اتصال غیرمشابه فولاد زنگ نزن آستنیتی AISI 316L و سوپر آلیاژ پایه نیکل مونل۴۰۰ با استفاده از فلز پر کننده ERNiCr3، ارزیابی شد. جهت بد Moreدر این مقاله بهینه سازی پارامترهای جوشکاری قوس تنگستن-گاز پالسی از جمله جریان پالس، جریان زمینه، فرکانس پالس و کسر زمان روشن بودن پالس در اتصال غیرمشابه فولاد زنگ نزن آستنیتی AISI 316L و سوپر آلیاژ پایه نیکل مونل۴۰۰ با استفاده از فلز پر کننده ERNiCr3، ارزیابی شد. جهت بدست آوردن شرایط بهینه از روش طراحی آزمایش تاگوچی، آرایه L9، استفاده گردید. برروی نمونه های جوشکاری شده آزمون های خواص مکانیکی انجام و سپس آنالیز واریانس انجام گرفت. با پیش بینی شرایط بهینه، نمونه پیشنهادی مورد آزمایش واقع گردید و نتایج آزمایشهای آن با نتایج حاصل از آزمایش بر روی نمونه بهینه طراحی شده مطابقت نشان داد. پارامترهای بهینه قوس تنگستن گاز پالسی در این اتصال، جریان پالس ۱۴۰ آمپر، جریان زمینه ۶۰ آمپر، فرکانس پالس ۳ هرتز و کسر زمان روشن بودن پالس ۵۰ درصد می باشد. نمونه ی بهینه طراحی شده با نمونه پیشنهادی تاگوچی در حدود۷/۹۸ درصد همخوانی دارند. جریان پالس با درصد۴/۲۳و فرکانس پالس با درصد ۲/۲۸به عنوان تاثیرگذارترین پارامترها شناسایی شدند. خواص مکانیکی، شامل آزمایش های خمش، کششی، سختی سنجی بررسی شد. در طی اعمال آزمایش کشش بر روی نمونه ها،شکست از سمت فلز پایه مونل ۴۰۰ اتفاق افتاد که از نوع شکست نرم می باشد. بنابراین استحکام فلز جوش تایید کننده آزمونهای کشش و خمش می باشد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
237 - طراحی مسیر بهینه یک بازوی مکانیکی ماهر با پایه متحرک برای عبور از میان موانع فضایی
مصطفی غیور مصطفی شریعتینیادر این تحقیق روشی برای طراحی مسیر یک سیستم ربات پایه متحرک فضایی شامل پایه غیرهلونومیک و بازوی سه عضوی در حضور موانع ثابت و متحرک ارائه شده است. در اینجا از توابع پیوسته و هموار مانند توابع چندجملهای به منظور مسیریابی ربات استفاده شده است. روش ارائه شده شامل به دست آور Moreدر این تحقیق روشی برای طراحی مسیر یک سیستم ربات پایه متحرک فضایی شامل پایه غیرهلونومیک و بازوی سه عضوی در حضور موانع ثابت و متحرک ارائه شده است. در اینجا از توابع پیوسته و هموار مانند توابع چندجملهای به منظور مسیریابی ربات استفاده شده است. روش ارائه شده شامل به دست آوردن تاریخچه زمانی حرکت محرکهای ربات میشود که تحت رفتار این محرکها، ربات به پیکربندی نهایی خود میرسد. پایه بهکار رفته در این تحقیق، پایه با رانش دیفرانسیلی است که از انواع پرکاربرد پایههاست. بازوی مکانیکی واقع بر پایه نیز بازوی سه درجه آزادی فضایی است. ترکیب بازو و پایه باعث میشود که ربات در فضای کاری وسیع تری عمل کند. هر چند بررسی این نوع سیستمها شامل بررسی مسئله به نام افزونگی درجات آزادی میشود که به پیچیدگی مسئله میافزاید، ولی افزونگی درجات آزادی در ربات، قابلیتهای ویژهای از نظر کاربردی برای آنها ایجاد میکند. در رباتهای دارای افزونگی درجات آزادی در یک فضای کاری مشخص، مسیرهای متعددی برای ربات وجود دارد. یک راه برای انتخاب یک مسیر مناسب از بین مسیرهای ممکن، انتخاب یک اندیس مناسب و بهینه کردن آن است. نتایج عددی و نمودارها جهت طراحی مسیر بهینه برای یک مجموعه ربات پایه متحرک در حضور موانع با استفاده از روش الگوریتم ژنتیک آورده شده است. موانع بهکار رفته در مسئله نیز فضایی بوده و موانع ثابت و متحرک را شامل میشود. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
238 - ارائه یک مدل کرنش پایه بهبود یافته برای محاسبه عمر خستگی چندمحوری فلزات
رحمتا... قاجار صفا پیمان جواد علیزاده کاکلرقطعات و سازههای مهندسی در بسیاری از موارد تحت بارگذاریهای سیکلی قرار گرفته و دچار خستگی چندمحوری میشوند. در زمینه محاسبه عمر خستگی در حالت چندمحوری، معیارها و مدلهای زیادی با قابلیتهای متفاوت ارائه شده­اند. انتخاب مدل برای محاسبه عمر خستگی چندمحوری با توجه به ج Moreقطعات و سازههای مهندسی در بسیاری از موارد تحت بارگذاریهای سیکلی قرار گرفته و دچار خستگی چندمحوری میشوند. در زمینه محاسبه عمر خستگی در حالت چندمحوری، معیارها و مدلهای زیادی با قابلیتهای متفاوت ارائه شده­اند. انتخاب مدل برای محاسبه عمر خستگی چندمحوری با توجه به جنس، نوع بارگذاری و شرایط عملکردی هر یک از سازههای مهندسی، یکی از چالشهای مطرح در فرایند محاسبه عمر است. در این مقاله، قابلیت چند معیار کرنش پایه مهم برای محاسبه عمر خستگی چندمحوری مورد بررسی، مقایسه و ارزیابی قرار گرفته است. سپس بر اساس شناخت مزیتها و ضعف‏های معیارهای مورد بررسی، یک معیار صفحه بحرانی بهبودیافته، مناسب برای انواع بارگذاری‏های متناسب و نامتناسب، شده است. برای این مطالعه از دادههای مربوط به آزمایش‏های واماندگی خستگی نمونههای فولادی NCM630 تحت بارگذاری‏های محوری-پیچشی استفاده شده است. این دادهها در قالب داده‏های مربوط به تنش، دامنه کرنش و عمر خستگی هستند. از قیاس نتایج تجربی و عمر محاسبه شده با استفاده از مدل بهبودیافته، قابلیت آن در تخمین عمر خستگی مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفته است. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
239 - خمش ورق گرافن قطاعی بروی پایه الاستیک وینکلر-پسترناک به کمک تئوری الاستیسیته غیرموضعی بروش کانتروویچ توسعه یافته
شهریار دستجردی مهرداد جبارزادهدر این تحقیق خمش صفحات قطاعی گرافن بر پایه الاستیک توسط تئوری مکانیک غیر موضعی ارینگن مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است. برای این منظور معادلات تعادل حاکم بر ورق قطاعی گرافن بر حسب جابجائیها، با در نظر گرفتن روابط غیرموضعی تنش و تئوری مرتبه اول برشی و کرنش­های خطی بدست آمده Moreدر این تحقیق خمش صفحات قطاعی گرافن بر پایه الاستیک توسط تئوری مکانیک غیر موضعی ارینگن مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است. برای این منظور معادلات تعادل حاکم بر ورق قطاعی گرافن بر حسب جابجائیها، با در نظر گرفتن روابط غیرموضعی تنش و تئوری مرتبه اول برشی و کرنش­های خطی بدست آمده و با روش کانتروویچ توسعه یافته حل شده است. در این روش دستگاه معادلات دیفرانسیل جزئی بدست آمده به دو دسته دستگاه معادلات دیفرانسیل معمولی تبدیل می­شود که قابل حل بروشهای مختلف تحلیلی و عددی می­باشد. حل کانتروویچ توسعه یافته روشی با سرعت همگرائی بالا است که تنها پس از سه الی چهار مرحله تکرار همگرایی مورد انتظار بدست می­آید. با توجه به اینکه تاکنون در این خصوص تحقیقی صورت نگرفته است نتایج با در نظر گرفتن ضریب غیرموضعی برابر با صفر با دیگر مقالات جهت اعتبار سنجی مقایسه شده است. در انتها اثر تغییرات ضریب غیرموضعی بر نتایج بر حسب تغییرات ضخامت، شرایط مرزی، مقدار سختی پایه الاستیک و اختلاف تحلیل الاستیسیته غیرموضعی و موضعی مورد بررسی قرار گرفته اند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
240 - بررسی نیروهای ماشینکاری سوپر آلیاژ اینکونل 718
سید مسعود بدخشیان مجید کریمیان سید علی افتخاریاز آنجایی که ابزارهای برشی به کار رفته درفرآیند ماشینکاری سوپر آلیاژها تحت تأثیر نیروهای ماشینکاری زیادی قرار گرفته و در نتیجه باعث پایین آمدن عمر ابزار می گردد، بنابراین بهبود ماشینکاری آلیاژ و کاهش نیروهای برشی وارد بر ابزار های برشی و افزایش عمر ابزارها یک نیاز اساسی Moreاز آنجایی که ابزارهای برشی به کار رفته درفرآیند ماشینکاری سوپر آلیاژها تحت تأثیر نیروهای ماشینکاری زیادی قرار گرفته و در نتیجه باعث پایین آمدن عمر ابزار می گردد، بنابراین بهبود ماشینکاری آلیاژ و کاهش نیروهای برشی وارد بر ابزار های برشی و افزایش عمر ابزارها یک نیاز اساسی می باشد. بنابراین در این پژوهش، تأثیر تغییر نرخ پیشروی بر نیروهای ماشینکاری در فرآیند ماشینکاری سوپر آلیاژ اینکونل 718 مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است. ابزار برشی مورد استفاده در این آزمایش­ها از جنس کاربید تنگستن، مدل 890 و با هندسه مربعی شکل بوده است. همچنین هر یک از ابزارها با استفاده از روش رسوب فیزیکی فاز بخار و با ترکیب شیمیایی TiN/TiCN/AlTiSiNدر دو حالت میکرو و نانو لایه پوشش دهی شده اند. طبق نتایج بدست آمده با افزایش نرخ پیشروی، نیروهای ماشینکاری در هر دو حالت پوشش میکرو و نانو لایه افزایش پیدا کرده است. به طور کلی در این پژوهش استفاده از پوشش میکرو لایه باعث ایجاد نیروهای ماشینکاری کمتری در مقایسه با پوشش نانو لایه شده است و در نتیجه می توان گفت پوشش میکرو لایه دارای عملکرد بهتری می­باشد از آنجایی که ابزارهای برشی به کار رفته درفرآیند ماشینکاری سوپر آلیاژها تحت تأثیر نیروهای ماشینکاری زیادی قرار گرفته و در نتیجه باعث پایین آمدن عمر ابزار می گردد، بنابراین بهبود ماشینکاری آلیاژ و کاهش نیروهای برشی وارد بر ابزار های برشی و افزایش عمر ابزارها یک نیاز اساسی می باشد. بنابراین در این پژوهش، تأثیر تغییر نرخ پیشروی بر نیروهای ماشینکاری در فرآیند ماشینکاری سوپر آلیاژ اینکونل 718 مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است. ابزار برشی مورد استفاده در این آزمایش­ها از جنس کاربید تنگستن، مدل 890 و با هندسه مربعی شکل بوده است. همچنین هر یک از ابزارها با استفاده از روش رسوب فیزیکی فاز بخار و با ترکیب شیمیایی TiN/TiCN/AlTiSiNدر دو حالت میکرو و نانو لایه پوشش دهی شده اند. طبق نتایج بدست آمده با افزایش نرخ پیشروی، نیروهای ماشینکاری در هر دو حالت پوشش میکرو و نانو لایه افزایش پیدا کرده است. به طور کلی در این پژوهش استفاده از پوشش میکرو لایه باعث ایجاد نیروهای ماشینکاری کمتری در مقایسه با پوشش نانو لایه شده است و در نتیجه می توان گفت پوشش میکرو لایه دارای عملکرد بهتری می­باشد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
241 - Total replacement of fish meal by common mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) stalks meal on some growth performance of rainbow trout
Meysan Salehi Esmaeil Pirali Kheirabadi Amar Salehi Farsani Seyyed Pezhman Hosseini Shekarabi Amir hossein Omidi Arman Jafari In this study common mushroom stalks meal (MSM), as a huge waste of commercial mushroom culturing, was conducted to evaluate as a replacement for fish meal in diets of juvenile rainbow trout in an initial 46 days feeding trial. Two diets conta More In this study common mushroom stalks meal (MSM), as a huge waste of commercial mushroom culturing, was conducted to evaluate as a replacement for fish meal in diets of juvenile rainbow trout in an initial 46 days feeding trial. Two diets containing 0% and %100 MSM were formulated. Significant differences in survival rate (%) between the fish meal based control diet and diets containing up to 100% MSM was not observed (p>0.05). Feed conversion ratio (FCR) of common diet (1.35±0.036) showed significantly increased with fish meal diet (p<0.05). However, MSM diet showed the best results in BWG (16.50±5.185 %), SGR (1.29±0.055), FCR (1.26±0.066), HIS (1.53±0.235 %) and VSI (20.52±0.763 %) in comparison to common diet (p<0.05). Based on the results, juvenile rainbow trout diet contain up to 100% MSM without any loss of growth performance, thereby showing higher growth properties in comparison with fish meal. This study shows that mushroom stalks meal can replace 100% of fish meal in experimental rainbow trout diets. Further trials to identify the best formula between MSM and fish meal are necessary. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
242 - Localization of knowledge management categories based on the basic model of knowledge building In the artistic field of the Islamic Propaganda Organization
mahnaz khodadad fahomeh babolhavaeji Esmat Momeni n adjla haririObjective: Localization of knowledge management categories based on the basic model of knowledge building includes the following: Objectives, identification, acquisition, development, sharing, maintenance, use and evaluation of knowledge in the artistic field of the Isl MoreObjective: Localization of knowledge management categories based on the basic model of knowledge building includes the following: Objectives, identification, acquisition, development, sharing, maintenance, use and evaluation of knowledge in the artistic field of the Islamic Propagation Organization. Research method: The research method was qualitatively based on the Delphi approach. The research population consisted of 21 knowledge experts and senior managers of the organization. The research data collection tool was a questionnaire based on a five-choice liquor spectrum, with a very small to very large scale. This method has been used to determine knowledge management indicators based on the model of knowledge building with the help of experts. The statistical population of this research in the Delphi section is made up of experts who are aware of the subject who were 21 experts including managers and people with artistic degrees in the field of art of the Islamic Propagation Organization. Purposeful and judgmental sampling method was used to perform the Delphi process. Findings: Since Kendall coefficient represents a measure of consensus of Delphi panel members, the findings show that knowledge identification category with a coefficient of 0.75, knowledge acquisition category with a coefficient of 0.1, knowledge protection category indicator with a coefficient of 1 with strong consensus, the category of knowledge development with a coefficient of 0.65 with a strong consensus, the category of knowledge measurement with a coefficient of 0.52 and the category of knowledge use with a coefficient of 0.55 with a medium consensus, the category of knowledge objectives with a coefficient of 0.33, and the category of knowledge distribution with a coefficient of 0/35 were consolidated and localized with weak consensus. Conclusion: In the category of knowledge distribution, the indicator of support for rules and regulations with an average of 9.4 is more important and in the category of objectives under the categories of determining the level and capacity of knowledge, determining goals and culture of knowledge, determining strategic goals of knowledge to describe and increasing the capacity of the need for future knowledge, the operational goals of knowledge in order to act the normalized knowledge of strategic knowledge with an average of 4.2 percent is of greater importance. Therefore, these subcategories need more attention. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
243 - The Relationship between the Managerial Styles and the Teaching Methods of the Teachers with Academic Performance of the Students in Seventh Grade (Case study: Non-governmental high schools for boys, District 1 of Tehran Education)
Mahdi Bani Jamali Fatemeh Hamidifar Baharak Shirzad KobriaThe aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the managerial styles and the teaching methods of the teachers with the academic performance of the seventh- grade students in non-governmental high schools for boys in District 1 of Tehran Education. The MoreThe aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the managerial styles and the teaching methods of the teachers with the academic performance of the seventh- grade students in non-governmental high schools for boys in District 1 of Tehran Education. The present study is an applied-descriptive research that has been conducted by survey method. The statistical population of this study includes1045 seventh-grade students in non-profit high schools, junior high school, district 1 of Tehran Education, of which 291 people were selected as a statistical sample by cluster sampling method. The research instruments are three standard questionnaires of Likert management styles, Gerasha and Richman teaching methods and Pham and Taylor academic performance. As the questionnaires are standard and their reliability has been confirmed in several researches, the questionnaires’ validity is also estimated by Alpha Korenbakh; the validity of management styles (0.920), teaching methods (0.791), and academic performance (0.963). For analyzing information, Pearson correlation coefficient and multivariate regression tests are used by SPSS software. The results showed that there is a significant and positive relationship between classroom management styles and students’ academic performance, and there is also a positive and significant relationship between classroom teaching methods and students' academic performance. Examining the simultaneous impact of the two variables, academic performance and teaching methods on students’ performance, showd that 15.2% of the total changes in academic performance is explained by these two independent variables. The highly variable management styles of teaching methods have an effect on academic performance of the students of the statistical population. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
244 - رابطه هوش فرهنگی و مهارتهای اجتماعی دانش آموزان پایه دهم مدارس پسرانه سلام شهر تهران
حمید نادری سید محمود هاشمی مجتبی معظمیهدف از این پژوهش بررسی (رابطه هوش فرهنگی و مهارت­های اجتماعی دانش­آموزان پایه دهم مدارس پسرانه سلام شهر تهران) بوده است. این تحقیق از لحاظ هدف کاربردی، از لحاظ روش انجام تحقیق از نوع توصیفی- همبستگی می­باشد. جامعه آماری مورد مطالعه در این پژوهش را کلیه دانش Moreهدف از این پژوهش بررسی (رابطه هوش فرهنگی و مهارت­های اجتماعی دانش­آموزان پایه دهم مدارس پسرانه سلام شهر تهران) بوده است. این تحقیق از لحاظ هدف کاربردی، از لحاظ روش انجام تحقیق از نوع توصیفی- همبستگی می­باشد. جامعه آماری مورد مطالعه در این پژوهش را کلیه دانش آموزان پایه دهم مدارس پسرانه سلام شهر تهران که10دبیرستان در مقطع متوسطه دوره دوم را شامل می شود، تشکیل می دهد. که تعداد کل دانش­آموزان در زمان انجام تحقیق661 نفر بود. که با استفاده از روش خوشه­ای تصادفی ساده 243 نفر بر اساس جدول مورگان به عنوان نمونه تحقیق انتخاب شدند. ابزار جمع­آوری اطلاعات پرسشنامه­های هوش فرهنگی آنگ و همکاران(2004) و مهارت­های اجتماعی نوجوانان(TISS) توسط ایندربیتزن و فوستر(1992) بود که بین دانش ­آموزان توزیع و سپس جمع­ آوری گـردید. فرضیات با استفاده از روش­های آمار توصیفی (دامنه، کمینه، بیشینه، میانگین، انحراف معیار، واریانس، چولگی و کشیدگی) و استنباطی (ضریب همبستگی پیرسون و رگرسیون ساده و گام به گام) مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفت. با توجه به تحلیل داده­ها یافته­های پژوهش نشان داد که بین هوش فرهنگی به طور کلی و دو بعد آن(بعد فراشناختی و انگیزشی) با مهارت­های اجتماعی رابطه مثبت و معنی­داری وجود دارد و بعد فراشناختی بیشترین سهم را در پیشگویی مهارت­های اجتماعی داشته است. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
245 - The effect of the first elementary science education guide based on cognitive tools of imaginative education theory on the perception of classroom activities of first grade elementary students in Tehran
Zahra Sabet Jahromi Khadijeh Abolmaali Ali Hosseini Khah Mekrdad Sabet Kianoosh HashemianThe aim of this study was to investigate the effect of teaching elementary education based on the imaginative education theory on the perception of classroom activities of first grade elementary students in Tehran. The research method was quantitative and quasi-experime MoreThe aim of this study was to investigate the effect of teaching elementary education based on the imaginative education theory on the perception of classroom activities of first grade elementary students in Tehran. The research method was quantitative and quasi-experimental with pre-test-post-test design with control group and random sampling and sampling based on inclusion criteria were used. Thus, a girls 'primary school and a boys' primary school were randomly selected from among the primary schools in District 11 of Tehran. Then, according to the inclusion criteria, 24 of these students were selected from each school and assigned to two groups of 12 controls and experiments. The instrument of this research was the Questionnaire of Perceptions of Class Activities of Gentry et al (2002). The experimental group underwent 4 sessions of science education sessions based on cognitive tools of imaginative education theory. The results of multivariate analysis of covariance showed that teaching science based on cognitive tools of imaginative education theory improved the perception of classroom activities in all four components of interest, challenge, selectivity and pleasure. This study revealed the importance of using cognitive tools of imaginative education theory in education as an important way to improve students' perception of the classroom. So elementary school teachers can use this guide in the classroom. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
246 - The influence of predicting academic performance of high school students first
Soumayeh Bakhshi parikhani Sadegh Hamedi NasabAbstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of predicting academic performance of high school students first. The method used in this research is descriptive and correlational. The study population included all high school female student MoreAbstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of predicting academic performance of high school students first. The method used in this research is descriptive and correlational. The study population included all high school female students in the academic year 1395-1394 the city Meshgin is studying. Multistage cluster sampling of 421 students were chosen girl. To collect data for this study from a test of mathematics achievement of first-choice school were used. In order to analyze the collected data, the descriptive statistics, mean and standard deviation and inferential statistics, methods of statistical correlation and t-test was used. For analysis software SPSS, BILOG was used. The results showed that the test instructions and Btb scoring methods according to the amount of C parameter estimation, and this effect is significant. Low levels of ability (3 to 5/1) the performance of students in the first run (without guessing) compared to the second run (with guess), but is better in the middle and upper levels will be able to see the result. The validity of test scores (25/0 low) and lower levels (25/0 high) better estimation of ability in the first run (without guessing) in the second run (with guess) is Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
247 - Developing a Philosophy-Based Curriculum for children with an exploratory approach in the fourth elementary school
tahereh nezamianpoor ladan salimi vahid fallahThe purpose of the research is to develop a curriculum for the teaching of philosophy for children with an exploratory approach in the fourth elementary school. This research has been conducted as a qualitative research using qualitative case study method. Participants MoreThe purpose of the research is to develop a curriculum for the teaching of philosophy for children with an exploratory approach in the fourth elementary school. This research has been conducted as a qualitative research using qualitative case study method. Participants in the qualitative section were professionals, scholars, and researchers in the field of philosophy and curriculum. Using the snowball sampling technique and theoretical saturation, interviews were conducted with keynote speakers. Using the findings, the curriculum framework for legal education for high school philosophy for children with scientific research approach was developed for the fourth elementary element in the form of four design elements and curriculum. The content elements include (classification, allegory, total relationship, and other, the relation of the medium and the purpose and the meanings) the element of the method included (discussion Group development, group development, question and answer, narrator intervention, thought expression, brainstorming, scientific excavation) and evaluation (internal, process, outsourcing, feedback) were considered in curriculum design and design Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
248 - LIVING EXPERIENCE OF TEACHERS IN MULTI-CLASSES CLASSES ON OPTIMIZED TIME USE AND MANAGEMENT AS AN EFFECTIVE COMPONENT IN THE COURSE
zohreh sadaatmand hossin zare khormizi narges keshtiarayThe purpose of this study was to explore the lived experiences of teachers in multidisciplinary classrooms about the optimal use of time and its management as an effective component of the curriculum. This research is a qualitative study of phenomenology. Participants i MoreThe purpose of this study was to explore the lived experiences of teachers in multidisciplinary classrooms about the optimal use of time and its management as an effective component of the curriculum. This research is a qualitative study of phenomenology. Participants in this study were eight elementary school teachers from Yazd and Kerman provinces. Data were collected using in-depth semi-structured individual interviews with teachers in their workplace. Data were analyzed using the seven-stage method of Colaizzi. After coding the interviews, 422 initial codes were obtained that were classified into 15 subcategories, 5 categories, and three concepts, with titles: 1- Explaining and identifying effective time-saving components 2- Explaining and identifying effective components Lack of time 3 - Explain and identify the effective components in time planning and management. The results of this study showed that teachers in multilevel classes can compensate for the shortage of time by different strategies depending on the student, their number, as well as the number of bases, the impact of bases on each other, ways and materials to save and manage. Use time. Applying these strategies in the above three areas can lead to optimal use of time and its management in the curriculum of the multipurpose classrooms and will achieve the goals of the curriculum and facilitate student learning and teacher teaching. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
249 - Effectiveness of Neurofeedback Training on QEEG Baseline and Sustained Attention in Children with ADHD
Mohammad Mehdi Hasanshahi Farideh YousefiStudies in various areas have emphasized the neuropsychological basis of Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). This study aims to evaluate the effect of neurofeedback training (NFT) on quantitative electroencephalography (qEEG) baseline and sustained attentio MoreStudies in various areas have emphasized the neuropsychological basis of Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). This study aims to evaluate the effect of neurofeedback training (NFT) on quantitative electroencephalography (qEEG) baseline and sustained attention in children with ADHD. For this purpose, a quasi-experimental study with the pretest-posttest control group design was conducted on 30 ADHD children selected by convenience sampling method and randomly divided into two experimental groups, namely a Neurofeedback Group and a Sham-controlled Neurofeedback Group (Placebo conditions). The Neurofeedback Group received 30 training sessions for 15 weeks (two sessions per week). The groups were evaluated before, immediately after, and two months after the intervention in terms of the q-EEG baseline and continuous performance. The multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) showed that the Neurofeedback Training Group had a significant improvement in terms of the q-EEG baseline and continuous performance compared to the control group, and these improvements were maintained later. In the Neurofeedback Training Group, the theta wave activity and the theta/beta ratio (TBR) decreased in the posttest scores, and the beta wave activity and the sensorimotor rhythm (SMR) increased significantly in the posttest scores compared to the pre-test ones. In addition, the reaction time, omission error and commission error of the children were significantly lower in the Neurofeedback Training Group in the posttest and follow-up test compared to those of the Sham-controlled Neurofeedback Group. Neurofeedback training seems to improve abnormal q-EEG and is effective in improving the sustained attention of children with ADHD. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
250 - Examining the problem-posing process as an evaluation tool
Nasim Asghary Robabeh Afkhami Banaem ahmadreza haghighiAbstract Problem posing provides an opportunity to students for what they need to know and can create their mathematical knowledge, and allows teachers to observe patterns of understanding and learning mathematics of students, By challenging their thinking in proble MoreAbstract Problem posing provides an opportunity to students for what they need to know and can create their mathematical knowledge, and allows teachers to observe patterns of understanding and learning mathematics of students, By challenging their thinking in problem-solving situations. Formative evaluation in classrooms is of great importance to find out how students learn to determine the strengths and weaknesses of their learning. Therefore, this study examines the process of problem posing as an evaluation tool. The statistical population of this research is all ninth-grade students in Tehran. In this study, 64 ninth-grade female students were selected as available samples. This study is practical in terms of purpose and semi-experimental in implementation. The tests were designed based on Stoyanova and Ellerton's (1996) framework. The examination of the questions was done according to the Wistro-U model (2009), the Yip Ban Har and Pai Hat model (2008), and the study of Silver and Kai (2005). Analysis of the tests was done quantitative-qualitative. Also, the face and content validity of the tests were confirmed by the professors of mathematics education, and Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.74. The results showed more than two-thirds of the students were not able to combine different subjects of mathematical concepts in the design of problems, and this result showed their lack of understanding in connecting the concepts. Also, according to the structure and solving of the issues proposed by the students, some misunderstandings the students were extracted from the mathematical concepts. Also, posing real verbal problems showed half of the students that the opportunities to pose problems have increased their understanding of the concepts. In unrealistic verbal problems, students' understanding of the concepts used in these problems is procedural and not conceptual. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
251 - The Effect of indole butyric acid hormone concentration and rootstock on propagation of rose Cv. "Olivia" through stenting technique
Mahmoud Reza Khalili fatemeh nekonam mohamad khsosi rohangiz Naderi javad jabarzadehIn order to study the effect of different indole butyric acid (IBA) concentrations and rootstocks on propagation of rose by stenting technique, an experiment was conducted as a factorial design based on completely randomized design with three replications. First factor MoreIn order to study the effect of different indole butyric acid (IBA) concentrations and rootstocks on propagation of rose by stenting technique, an experiment was conducted as a factorial design based on completely randomized design with three replications. First factor was rootstock (<em>Rosa canina </em>L<em>., R. indica </em>var. Major<em>, R. multiflora </em>L<em>.</em>) and second factor was 11 IBA concentrations including 0, 25, 50, 250, 500, 1000, 1500, 2000, 3000, 4000, 5000 ppm. The results showed that in <em>R. indica </em>‘Major’ rootstock and 25 ppm IBA had highest rooting percentage. Maximum root number was observed in <em>R. Indica </em>‘major’with 25 and 500 ppm IBA and the minimum number belonged to the control. High callus production was observed in 0, 5000 and 2000 ppm IBA. <em>R. multiflora</em> L. had highest shoot length compared to other rootstocks. According to results <em>R. indica </em>‘Major’ and 25, 250, 1000 ppm IBA improved the success of stenting technique. Manuscript profile
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