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Open Access Article
1 - The possibility of inferring the justice system as fairness from within the discourses of the Islamic Republic
Afshin Habibzadehkolli Reza Akbari noori khodayar mortazavi aslThe concept of justice and the system based on it has always been one of the important topics of political thought and philosophy. John Rawls, one of the greatest contemporary political philosophers of the West, in his book Justice as Fairness, tries to explain in a pol MoreThe concept of justice and the system based on it has always been one of the important topics of political thought and philosophy. John Rawls, one of the greatest contemporary political philosophers of the West, in his book Justice as Fairness, tries to explain in a political understanding of justice, the necessities of realizing the greatest possible freedom and equality for the citizens of a democratic society. The theoretical framework of the article is the theory of justice as fairness and the research method is discourse analysis. The main question is to what extent is it possible to infer the justice system as fairness according to Rawls from the discourses of the Islamic Republic? In this connection, one of the main topics is the discussion about the ratio of public interests and individual and group interests, because according to Rawls, the justice system is the institutionalized area of public interests, which is due to the institutions of the basic structure of society, which is also associated with the existence of the country or The existence of the nation-state is ongoing. In this regard, the opinions of Morteza Motahari and Abdullah Javadi Amoli, two well-known clerics, have been examined as the main conceptualizers of the analysis of the discourse of justice, from which the possibility of extracting a theory of justice close to justice as fairness can be calculated. The result is that Motahari's point of view is more capable of interpreting the justice system as fairness in the discourse of political Islam than Javadi Amoli's point of view. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Modeling of Energy Storage Systems in Microgrids with the Aim of Reducing Cost and Environmental Pollutants
Mehdi MotevaselIn this article, in order to improve the performance of a micro-grid, a complete and practical model for electric energy storage is presented. In order to optimize the energy in the micro-grid, a dual-purpose objective function has been considered, and the main purpose MoreIn this article, in order to improve the performance of a micro-grid, a complete and practical model for electric energy storage is presented. In order to optimize the energy in the micro-grid, a dual-purpose objective function has been considered, and the main purpose of this function is to simultaneously minimize the total operating costs and environmental pollutants by considering the uncertainty in the micro-grid. In the optimization part, due to the large search space of the above problem and its non-linearity, the proposed improved particle swarm algorithm has been used. Comparing the answers obtained through the above optimization algorithm with other optimization algorithms shows that the above algorithm is more efficient and has higher speed and accuracy. Finally, the proposed algorithm for managing the electrical energy of the entire micro-grid, the working points of all scattered production sources, how to charge and discharge electrical energy storage devices, as well as the amount of electrical power exchanged with the upstream network, in the condition that the total operating costs and environmental pollution Production is simultaneously minimized and optimized. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Synchronization of a Class of Neutral Chaotic Systems based on Adaptive Sliding Mode Control Approach
amirhosein rostamPour Assef Zare Narges ShafaeiSynchronization of a Class of Neutral Chaotic Systems based on Adaptive Sliding Mode Control Approach Synchronization of a Class of Neutral Chaotic Systems based on Adaptive Sliding Mode Control Approach Synchronization of a Class of Neutral Chaotic Systems based MoreSynchronization of a Class of Neutral Chaotic Systems based on Adaptive Sliding Mode Control Approach Synchronization of a Class of Neutral Chaotic Systems based on Adaptive Sliding Mode Control Approach Synchronization of a Class of Neutral Chaotic Systems based on Adaptive Sliding Mode Control Approach In this paper, adaptive control mechanism for finite time synchronization of a specific class of neutral chaotic systems is considered equal to unknown Delays disturbance and uncertainty. Delays and parameters are considered and different for two neutral chaotic systems equal to the master and the slave. The neutral chaotic system is introduced using a positive Lyapunov exponent and finite Attractor. in the proposed adaptive control mechanism two linear and adaptive sliding mode controllers have been used for synchronization.in the proposed approach control mechanism,the rules for updating the unknown parameters have been introduced by Lipshitz condition in chaotic system and use of Lyapunov function stability proposed control system in robust synchronization mentioned system have been confirmed. Finally, synchronization is performed between the master and slave neutral chaotic system )Jark and Gensiotsio( with nonlinear uncertainty and external disturbance as well as parameters and unknown time delay. Examination of the simulation results shows that the controller overcame the external disturbance and boundary uncertainty in the shortest time. And The estimation of the parameters of the main system is well done, which indicates the accuracy of the theory analysis. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - The Effect of Knowledge Management on Entrepreneurial Behavior in Employees (Case Study: Municipal Employees of District 9 of Tehran)
hajieh rajabi farjad Niloufar Mirsepasi Hamidreza IsapurBackground: Rapid changes in the environment, the intensification of the competitive environment between companies and the increasing community expectations, shows the need for entrepreneurship for the survival of organizations, and knowledge management can play a signi MoreBackground: Rapid changes in the environment, the intensification of the competitive environment between companies and the increasing community expectations, shows the need for entrepreneurship for the survival of organizations, and knowledge management can play a significant role in the entrepreneurial behavior of employees in organization. Objective: This article discusses the effect of knowledge management on employees' entrepreneurial behavior in Tehran Municipality 9th District in 2014-2015. Methods: The research method was descriptive-survey and an applied one. The statistical population included all the employees working in the municipality of 9th district of Tehran which added to 476 people. The sampling method was Random Stratified Sampling. Using Cochran’s formula 213 people were chosen as the sample size. To gather the data, standard questionnaires were used .Structural equation modeling (SEM) was adopted for data analysis. The validation of the structural model was achieved using LISREL. Findings: The data of this research has influenced the five dimensions of knowledge management (acquisition of knowledge, knowledge creation, knowledge storage, knowledge distribution and knowledge maintenance) on entrepreneurial behavior dimensions with 5 dimensions (paperwork reduction, change in employee behavior, strategic vision, creation of a work environment Energetic and supportive environment). The findings showed that knowledge management has a significant effect on entrepreneurial behavior of employees. Conclusion: This finding means that in the municipality of 9th district of Tehran, The use of knowledge management can play an important role in entrepreneurial behavior of employees; therefore, we must pay special attention to it in the organization. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - Foresight of urban project delays by using GBN, CLA. fuzzy TOPSIS and SWOT
Mahdi Kalhor Hossein ZabihiUrban projects are one of the integral parts of urban management tasks. Hence, different parts of an urban project management improvement are one of city executive concerns. Delay and Delay management is on of these parts. Any delay of construction project implementatio MoreUrban projects are one of the integral parts of urban management tasks. Hence, different parts of an urban project management improvement are one of city executive concerns. Delay and Delay management is on of these parts. Any delay of construction project implementations is a waste of resources and it will impose heavy costs on any project. Occasionally, this is so influential that it even affects project justification. This paper examines the causes of urban project delays by using Casual Layered Analysis (CLA). Then, it will use scenario-building to make most likely scenarios by using Global Business Network (GBN). GBN uses the most likely uncertainties ahead of project delay to make its scenarios. In this regard, two series of interviews, one structured and one structured, are performed. Then, based on them, The related uncertainties are ranked by using fuzzy Technique to Order Preferences by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOSIS). It uses SWOT to propose some strategies. Based on results, four scenarios are formed. Then, the impact of each scenario on the project delay conditions are examined. Some strategies are suggested to move toward the best scenarios. Based on the results, minimizing the government size and creating various infrastructures ,to make competence situation, are the future keys of having less delayed urban project. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - Study on Status of Higher Education System in Our Country Using Dynamics Systems Modeling
M.A. Afshar Kazemi H. AsgarianOne of the important and determining sectors of each society is its higher education system. The highereducation of each country is the factor which creates expert workforce and resolves the various problems ofthe country in a scientific way. In our society these factor MoreOne of the important and determining sectors of each society is its higher education system. The highereducation of each country is the factor which creates expert workforce and resolves the various problems ofthe country in a scientific way. In our society these factors and other various factors cause the everincreasingdemand for continuation of higher education at the university and entry to this system and create agap between the number of applicants and the existing facilities, encourage creation of new capacities(mostly with planning) because there is a delay between the beginning of capacity-creation and its fruition.At time of delivery of newly-created capacities, again there is not a harmony between the demand andcapacity. Sometimes this causes the existing capacities not to be filled and completed.In this research we have tried to model the structure of capacity-creation for applicants of entering theIranian higher-education system and execute it in the framework of systemic thought and dynamic systemtools in VENSIM software.Accordingly at first the main variables defining this system to a considerable extent are identified andrealized and their relations are codified according to casual loop diagrams. Then its technical structure iscompleted through design of the main model according to Flow & Stock diagram and assimilated in thesoftware. Through execution of model and analysis of its results the status of the higher education system infuture, derived from today's policies and planning, will be specified. At last more important, more effectiveand more principal indexes will be identified. Some variables can be added to this model. Furthermore anystrategy and solution can be tested and assessed without witnessing the probably negative consequences inreal world. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - Tārik͟h-i Khayrāt and Aṣaḥḥ al-tawārikh: the Representation of the Early History of Islam in Two General Histories from the Ninth Century A.H.
Ali KaliradTārikh-i Khayrāt and Aṣaḥḥ al-tawārikh by Muhammad ibn Fazlullah Musavi are less well-known general histories from the ninth century AH/ the fifteenth century AD. The purpose of this essay is to introduce the above-mentioned works and discussing representation of the ea MoreTārikh-i Khayrāt and Aṣaḥḥ al-tawārikh by Muhammad ibn Fazlullah Musavi are less well-known general histories from the ninth century AH/ the fifteenth century AD. The purpose of this essay is to introduce the above-mentioned works and discussing representation of the early history of Islam in Tārikh-i Khayrāt and Aṣahh al-tawārikh. Although Musavi's works are not much significant in terms of historiographical data and literary value, the reflection of his approach as a believer in the religio-political legitimacy of Alī ibn Abī Ṭālib and his descendants and also the influence of Sufi doctrine on Musavi’s narrative of the history of early Islam represents the context of religious thought in Timurid Khorasan. Moreover, the marginal annotations and revisions on the manuscripts of Tārikh-i Khayrāt and Aṣaḥḥ al-tawārikh, which have been made in the following centuries, could be the readers' different perusal of the text and reflecting the transformation of Shiite identity boundaries in Persia during the fifteenth to the twentieth centuries. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - Identifying and Designing the model of factors affecting the implementation of electrical industry projects, Case study: Dispatching Projects of Khorasan Regional electric Company
azim zarei Davod Fiez Abasali Rastgar hassan sadeghpourForecasting the needs for electricity and timely implementation of electricity projects and the prevention of power outages, is from the tasks of electricity companies. The purpose of this research is to identify the causes of delay and design of the factors affecting t MoreForecasting the needs for electricity and timely implementation of electricity projects and the prevention of power outages, is from the tasks of electricity companies. The purpose of this research is to identify the causes of delay and design of the factors affecting the implementation of electrical industry projects. This research is in terms of applied and qualitative method. In this research, to identify the effective factors, an unscheduled interview was conducted with managers and experts in the electricity industry in the regional power company of Khorasan. After identifying the effective factors and grouping them using the Structural Interpretation Modeling (ISM), the classification of the criteria and the relationship between them and the presentation of the model was performed. In this regard, 162 criteria were identified as factors affecting the implementation of projects that, after sorting and categorizing these criteria, were divided into 11 groups, of which 7 criteria, in turn, were divided into several other criteria. They were After identifying the above factors and classifying the factors affecting the implementation of the electricity industry projects, in particular the projects of the dispatching centers and providing the model, preventive measures are proposed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - The role of information technology as an enabler in implementation of knowledge management (studying firms located in Golestan province industrial park)
Mona Izadi Ehsan SadehBackground: Recently, Knowledge management and information technology have been interesting topics for researchers but the relationship between these two concepts is needed to be investigated. Objective: The aim of this study is to clarify the relation between informat MoreBackground: Recently, Knowledge management and information technology have been interesting topics for researchers but the relationship between these two concepts is needed to be investigated. Objective: The aim of this study is to clarify the relation between information technology adequacy and the level of knowledge management. Methods: This study concentrates on the industrial firms located in industrial firms of Golestan province. Subsequently 140 managers, supervisors and experts are considered as the research sample. In order to examine research hypotheses structural equation modelling technique was applied. Findings: Results indicated that information technology adequacy could positively affect dimensions of knowledge management including knowledge generation, knowledge transfer, knowledge documentation and knowledge record. Conclusion: Results of our study could increase the level of insight of mangers of industrial firms as well as mangers in service sector about the role of information technology as an enabler for knowledge management. In specific, applying information technology tools could assist the firm in all processes of knowledge management. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - A comprehensive review of the literature and the factors affecting the delay in the audit report and its relationship with some financial concepts
fatemeh amini seyed mohammad reza Mashhour AlHosseiniA comprehensive review of the literature and the factors affecting the delay in the audit report and its relationship with some financial concepts. The purpose of this study is to review the concept of delay in the audit report, the factors affecting it and its relation MoreA comprehensive review of the literature and the factors affecting the delay in the audit report and its relationship with some financial concepts. The purpose of this study is to review the concept of delay in the audit report, the factors affecting it and its relationship with some financial concepts. Delay in the auditor's report means the time between the date of preparation of the financial statements and the date of the auditor's report. The findings of this study showed that the factors affecting the delay in the audit report generally fall into three categories, which are the factors related to the independent auditor (including the size of the auditor, the auditor's conditional comment, reporting risk and the number of paragraphs of the auditor's report). Factors related to corporate governance (including ownership focus, board size and board independence) and factors related to the audit committee (including the independence of the audit committee and the expertise of the audit committee). Further studies also showed that concepts such as dual CEO duties, tax avoidance, and earnings management increase delays in audit reporting. But variables such as the gender diversity of the board of directors reduce the delay in the audit report. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - The Effect of Effective Applied Components on Designing Practical Classroom Window with Emphasis on Optimal Use of Daylight Reflection in Tehran
sarasadat kargar Mahnaz Mahmoudi Zarandi Mehdi KhakzandPaying attention to environmental quality factors in designing educational spaces has a great impact on the performance of the main users of these spaces, i.e. students. In this context, One of the most effective environmental quality factors is the use of daylight in e MorePaying attention to environmental quality factors in designing educational spaces has a great impact on the performance of the main users of these spaces, i.e. students. In this context, One of the most effective environmental quality factors is the use of daylight in educational spaces , which in addition to affecting how users perform , also affects the amount of energy savings. The quality of daylight is the most important factors affecting student performance. Considering all the features, designers should design the daylight and artificial lighting from the initial stage of design so that they can provide a comfortable and healthy environment. Adequate clarity is a prerequisite for performing visual tasks but in many cases, visual vision is still dependent on other factors depends. To properly distribute light, it is important to know that the amount of light in a space is determined by the reflection of surfaces and direct ambient light. The goal of interior architecture in practical classes is to improve the physical and mental function of the space to facilitate its activity. Color, light, textures, furniture and all the factors in the workshop are an integral part of interior architecture. One of the various factors that affect architecture is the light factor, which in this article deals with the visual quality of this important factor. The purpose of this research is to achieve the extent and effect of the direction and dimensions of the window on the proper use of daylight and the quality of lighting in a classroom in various situations. The main variables in this research for windows are the dimensions of the glass surface and the reflection of the materials, which have been studied as factors analyzed in the charitable design and the quality of lighting and the visual and non-visual effects of the window. This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-quantitative in terms of type of research and analytical- numerical research method is based on computer modeling. The example of this research is a common class of practical courses that includes research variables and the software checked the quality of its lighting in different directions on the first day of each month then effect of window dimensions in the workshop was then evaluated by Dialux software. It should be noted that the case study of this article has many similarities in terms of design principles with most classes of practical courses in Iranian schools. Possible results suggest that not only the placement of the window in the classroom but also the dimensions of the window and the texture of materials and furniture can have a major impact on the quality and quality of lighting in practical classrooms and the designers of the studios will be aware of the quality of work and increase the efficiency of service and study, reduce errors and increase the accuracy of the staff, prevent the feeling of tiredness and maintain the health and vision of the users of the studios and motivate the design is. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - Computational Method for Fractional-Order Stochastic Delay Differential Equations
Behrouz Parsa Moghaddam Zeynab Salamat Mostaghim Elham Alsaddat Hashemi ZadehDynamic systems in many branches of science and industry are often perturbed by various types of environmental noise. Analysis of this class of models are very popular among researchers. In this paper, we present a method for approximating solution of fractional-order s MoreDynamic systems in many branches of science and industry are often perturbed by various types of environmental noise. Analysis of this class of models are very popular among researchers. In this paper, we present a method for approximating solution of fractional-order stochastic delay differential equations driven by Brownian motion. The fractional derivatives are considered in the Caputo sense. The computational method is based on bilinear spline interpolation and finite difference approximation. The convergence order of the proposed method investigated in the mean square norm and the accuracy of proposed scheme is analyzed in the perspective of the mean absolute error and experimental convergence order. The proposed method is considered in determining statistical indicators of Gompertzian and Nicholson models. The fractional stochastic delay Gompertzian equation is modeled for describing the growth process of a cancer and the fractional stochastic delay Nicholson equation is formulated for explaining a population dynamics of the well-known Nicholson blowflies in ecology. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - Numerical Solution and Error Analysis for Linear and Nonlinear Delay Differential Equations
Ebrahim Amini Ali EbadianIn this paper, we obtain the solution of linear and nonlinear delay differential equations in reproducing kernel space. For this purpose, regarding the equation and conditions governing it, a linear operator is defined and subsequently an orthonormal complete system for MoreIn this paper, we obtain the solution of linear and nonlinear delay differential equations in reproducing kernel space. For this purpose, regarding the equation and conditions governing it, a linear operator is defined and subsequently an orthonormal complete system for reproducing kernel space is obtained by using the adjoint operator and reproducing kernel function. Then, the solution of these equations is obtained in the form of a series of the basic functions. Indeed, the analytical solution is represented by infinite series, and the approximate solution is obtained by using an iterative method. As one of the main aims, the convergence analysis and error behavior are discussed for the proposed method. Finally, some numerical examples are studied to demonstrate the validity and applicability of the proposed method. The obtained results of the proposed method are compared with the exact solutions and the earlier works. The outcomes from numerical examples illustrate that the proposed method is very effective and convenient. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - Time-staged outputs in production process: A DEA-Based Approach
S. Seyedboveir M. Maghbouli F. MatroodThis paper examines the issue of handling outputs in DEA that occur at different stages in time. In some situations, the output set occur at the different period of time, meaning that the produced outputs at the first period of time impact on the production of outputs o MoreThis paper examines the issue of handling outputs in DEA that occur at different stages in time. In some situations, the output set occur at the different period of time, meaning that the produced outputs at the first period of time impact on the production of outputs of next time . This problem setting gives rise to the phenomenon of time-staged outputs. Specifically, the two outputs occur at different points in time, meaning that one of them plays a dual role. In other words, the dual-role measure is considered as either the output of the first stage and simultaneously as input for another time period. This paper demonstrates a modification of the joint technology in order to yield the maximum efficiency of the evaluated units. A real case on ten business schools has been illustrated . This real example is applied to emphasize that the suggested structure can handle this situation appropriately. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - A new symmetric two-step P-stable Obrechkoff method with 12 algebraic order for the numerical solution of second-order IVPs
ali shokri abbas-ali shokri Mohammad Mehdizadeh Khalsarei firoz pashaieA new two-step implicit P-stable Obrechkoff of twelfth algebraic order with vanished phase-lag and its first, second and third derivatives is constructed in this paper. The purpose of this paper is to develop an efficient algorithm for the approximate solution of the se MoreA new two-step implicit P-stable Obrechkoff of twelfth algebraic order with vanished phase-lag and its first, second and third derivatives is constructed in this paper. The purpose of this paper is to develop an efficient algorithm for the approximate solution of the second order iniitial value problems that have oscillatory or periodic solutions. This algorithm belongs in the category of the multistep and multiderivative methods. The advantage of the new methods in comparison with similar methods, in terms of efficiency, accuracy and stability, have been showed by the implementation of them in some important problems, including the undamped Duffing equation, etc. -------------- A new two-step implicit P-stable Obrechkoff of twelfth algebraic order with vanished phase-lag and its first, second and third derivatives is constructed in this paper. The purpose of this paper is to develop an efficient algorithm for the approximate solution of the second order iniitial value problems that have oscillatory or periodic solutions. This algorithm belongs in the category of the multistep and multiderivative methods. The advantage of the new methods in comparison with similar methods, in terms of efficiency, accuracy and stability, have been showed by the implementation of them in some important problems, including the undamped Duffing equation, etc. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
16 - Numerical solution of the spread of infectious diseases mathematical model based on shifted Bernstein polynomials
Farshid Mirzaee Seyede Fatemeh Hoseini Sahar AlipourThe Volterra delay integral equations have numerous applications in various branches of science, including biology, ecology, physics and modeling of engineering and natural sciences. In many cases, it is difficult to obtain analytical solutions of these equations. So, n MoreThe Volterra delay integral equations have numerous applications in various branches of science, including biology, ecology, physics and modeling of engineering and natural sciences. In many cases, it is difficult to obtain analytical solutions of these equations. So, numerical methods as an efficient approximation method for solving Volterra delay integral equations are of interest to many researchers. In this paper, a numerical method is developed for solving the Hammerstein–Volterra delay integral equation by least squares (LS) approximation method, which is based on Shifted Bernstein polynomials (BPs). This equation is a mathematical model for the spread of certain infectious diseases with a constant rate that varies seasonally. Least squares method is a mathematical model for data fiting which minimizes the sum of squared the difference between an observed value and the value provided by a model. In this paper, the shifted Bernstein polynomials are introduced and then approximation of an arbitrary function by using these polynomials is presented . Also, the Hammerstein–Volterra delay integral equation is introduced and the details of least squares method for solving a mathematical model is presented. Finally, we show the efficiency of the proposed method by solving two numerical examples and comparing the results with other methods. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
17 - Mittag-Leffler-Hyers-Ulam Stability For A First Order Delay Functional Differential Equation
leyla Sajedi Nasrin EghbaliIn this paper, At first we define Mittag-Leffer-Hyers-Ulam and the Mittag-Leffer-Hyers-Ulam-Rassias stability and then by using the fixed point method, we prove the Mittag-Leffer-Hyers-Ulam and the Mittag-Leffer-Hyers-Ulam-Rassias stability for the first order delay dif MoreIn this paper, At first we define Mittag-Leffer-Hyers-Ulam and the Mittag-Leffer-Hyers-Ulam-Rassias stability and then by using the fixed point method, we prove the Mittag-Leffer-Hyers-Ulam and the Mittag-Leffer-Hyers-Ulam-Rassias stability for the first order delay differential equation of the form I can not transfer formulae here. Which F is a bounded continuous function and Τ is a fixed real number.For interval I, suppose that F is a continuous function such that satisfy the following conditionI can not transfer formulae here.Now suppose that the function F satisfy the following conditionI can not transfer formulae here.which Eq is Mittag-Leffler function. In this case there exists a unique function such that we have I can not transfer formulae here.for all... and ....In the other words, the function F is Mittag-Leffler-Hyers-Ulam stable. By changing in the conditions of F we can prove that the delay differential equation is Mittag-Leffler-Hyers-Ulam-Rassias stable. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
18 - Legendre pseudo-spectral method for solving multi-pantograph delay differential equations
Mohammad Hadi Noori Skandari Mostafa Mahmoudi Javad Vahidi Mehdi GhovatmandDelay differential equations have a wide range of applications in science and engineering. When these equations are nonlinear and complex the exact solution can usually not be calculated. So finding a numerical solution with high precision for these equations is essenti MoreDelay differential equations have a wide range of applications in science and engineering. When these equations are nonlinear and complex the exact solution can usually not be calculated. So finding a numerical solution with high precision for these equations is essential. In this paper we present a numerical method based on the transferred Legendre polynomials to solve multiple pantograph delay differential equations. In this method we use the Legendre-Gauss-Lobato collocation points to discretize the problem and turn the problem into a nonlinear programming problem. From solving this nonlinear programming problem we get an approximate solution for the the main multiple pantograph delay differential equation. We analyse the feasibility of the nonlinear programming problem and the convergence of the obtained approximate solution to the exact solution. In addition by solving several numerical examples and comparing the method with other methodsWe show the efficiency and the capability of the proposed method. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
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M. Bashokoh -
Open Access Article
20 - Estimating Price Delays on Tehran Stock Exchange
Ali Ebrahim Nejad Mahdi Pedram RadIn an efficient market, prices should reflect all information available to investors. In reality, several frictions can prevent prices from incorporating the information immediately after disclosure. This can cause delays in the incorporation of information into prices MoreIn an efficient market, prices should reflect all information available to investors. In reality, several frictions can prevent prices from incorporating the information immediately after disclosure. This can cause delays in the incorporation of information into prices and increase the premium investors require for investing in stocks. Using an empirical measure of price delays, we examine the effect of these frictions and the resulting price delays on the cross-section of expected returns on Tehran Stock Exchange. The delay measure is defined as a function of contemporaneous and lagged systematic information that is impounded into prices. If frictions prevent information from impacting prices contemporaneously, lagged information should have explanatory power for stock returns. We find that stocks with higher price delays tend to have a premium that is not explained by known risk factors of market risk, size, value, momentum and liquidity. Our results are robust to a number of empirical specifications, namely the zero-investment portfolio returns and Fama-Macbeth regressions Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
21 - بررسی و پیش بینی اثرات نرخ بهره واقعی و نرخ ذخیره قانونی بر تورم، بیکاری و تولید حقیقی در ایران
سعید ایرانمنش -
Open Access Article
22 - بررسی تطبیقی تعهد سازمانی و پیامدهای آن در بیمارستانهای دولتی و خصوصی استان سمنان
بهارک شیرزاد کبریا سمیه شامانی مجید نوروزی سبحان شامانی -
Open Access Article
23 - Influence of relationship marketing investment on customer's gratitude and loyalty in retailers (Case Study: Hakopian Chain Store Customers)
nadereh sadat najafi zadeh afsaneh tabzarRelationship marketing has defended as a development and maintenance of the long-term relationship with the customers، and has strong impact on the theory and marketing during the two past decades. Marketing is a bilateral relation and must share important interests. Cu MoreRelationship marketing has defended as a development and maintenance of the long-term relationship with the customers، and has strong impact on the theory and marketing during the two past decades. Marketing is a bilateral relation and must share important interests. Customer gratitude and gratitude plays a key role in the creation and development of successful exchanges, the relationship between the seller and the buyer. Also, customer perceived benevolence in relation to companies is the tangible and intangible benefits they receive in relation to retailers. In this research the researcher tries to exam in the Influence of relationship marketing investments on customer's gratitude and loyalty in retailer. The statistical population of this research is the customers of the Hakupian stores. The existing research is of a practical and causal nature because it measures the impact. And the number of statistical samples analyzed using a questionnaire of 358 of the customers of the Hakupian stores. The validity and reliability of the questionnaire has been confirmed. Hypothesis of this research have been tested by LIZREL software. This study of the story It argues that investing in relationship marketing tactics such as direct mail, tangible rewards, interpersonal relationships, preferential treatment, with the role of the mediator of customer perceived benevolence, has a positive impact on customer gratitude and, consequently, on behavioral loyalty. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
24 - Staff Role in Encouraging Customer Citizenship Behaviors (Subject of the Study: Tejarat Bank, Top Branches in Tehran)
K. Hamdi N. KaramiThe current research aims to assess the impact of personal role of service employees on encouraging the customer citizenship behaviors in the best branches of Tejarat Bank. The sample size of this research comprises 499 participants that are chosen by cluster sampling m MoreThe current research aims to assess the impact of personal role of service employees on encouraging the customer citizenship behaviors in the best branches of Tejarat Bank. The sample size of this research comprises 499 participants that are chosen by cluster sampling method. The data are gathered using quantitative research method and questionnaire and analyzed with the help of structural equitation modeling. Based on previous studies, in order to evaluate the customer citizenship behaviors, 6 variables were derived namely: credibility of service worker” “benevolence of service worker ,“commitment to the service worker”,” Personal loyalty to the service worker”,”interactional justice”,”distributive justice” The results indicate that the employees have critical role in stimulating the citizenship behaviors of customers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
25 - The Effect of Accounting Information Quality on the Salience phenomenon
Parvaneh Khaleghi Kasbi Mohammad Ali Aghaei Farzin RezaeiInvestors simplify their decisions and judgements through applying rules of thumbs and processing only a part of available information. Salience indicates the events related to available information taking more weight in future judgements. After the formation of financi MoreInvestors simplify their decisions and judgements through applying rules of thumbs and processing only a part of available information. Salience indicates the events related to available information taking more weight in future judgements. After the formation of financial behavioral theory, the empirical studies have been directed towards the review of relationships between investors tendencies and stock price variations and in this regard, there has been no discussion on which factors affect the behavioral errors of investors and how they can be adjusted; thus, this paper aims to investigate the impact of increased accounting information quality on the decreased salience phenomenon. Therefore, a sample consisting of 600 corporates-years was studied during 2012-2016. the existence of salience phenomenon led to the investors over-reaction followed by inappropriate stock pricing. Thus, when the information quality is high, the relationship between behavioral tensions and stock market price is weaker. Consequently, high quality information reporting can decrease the impact of salient information on investors decisions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
26 - Examining the "consequences" of implementing communication programs for the development of social partnerships in non-governmental organizations and charities
mohammad reza ghorbany Faezeh Taghipour Mansoure Pourmiri This article has been conducted in order to investigate the results and consequences of theimplementation of communication and media programs for the development of social partnerships in NGOs andcharities and by the qualitative content analysis method. The data o More This article has been conducted in order to investigate the results and consequences of theimplementation of communication and media programs for the development of social partnerships in NGOs andcharities and by the qualitative content analysis method. The data of this research was obtained through semistructured interviews with 22 experts and managers. active in non-governmental organizations and collected bytheoretical sampling. In this research, from the analysis of 839 conceptual codes resulting from theconversations, a total of 574 central categories were obtained, of which 80 conceptual codes were related to thepositive and negative results and consequences of the implementation of media and communication programs inNGOs and charities, in the form of 68 codes. Axial and 37 selective codes were presented. Based on the findingsof this research, the "positive consequences" of implementing communication programs in the development ofsocial partnerships in ngos and charities are: improving the status and empowerment of NGOs and charities,developing research and scientific foundations in ngos and increasing scientific achievements. , cultural andeconomic ngos and "negative consequences" of not implementing communication programs in the developmentof social partnerships in charities including things such as: weakness in effective monitoring of ngos activities,weakness in their "efficiency" and weakness in knowledge management and strategic management in ngos andcharities, in each case based on the findings of the research, the relevant analysis and interpretation ispresented. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
27 - Identity & Good in Charles Taylor's view
Shahla EslamiCharles Taylor has a distinctive status among contemporary philosophers. Taylor’s important concerns are “identity” and the “lack of meaning”. He thinks that modern moral philosophy is lacking in strong evaluation of “identity”. What is dominant in the modern age is a n MoreCharles Taylor has a distinctive status among contemporary philosophers. Taylor’s important concerns are “identity” and the “lack of meaning”. He thinks that modern moral philosophy is lacking in strong evaluation of “identity”. What is dominant in the modern age is a naturalistic view, which, as Taylor puts it, destroys the meaning of life; individualism and instrumentalism are consequences of this view. In his historical account, Taylor shows that individualism leads us to authenticity and relativism. Taylor thinks that “identity” is to know who I am and where I stand. Our identity is defined by commitments and identifications. Moreover, identity is formed by our dialogical and social character. Also the Good is shaped in association and dialogue. One of Taylor’s concerns is restoration the meaning to our life. He speaks of frame or horizon within which human beings receive meaning for living. According to Taylor, it is possible to make a relation between “identity” and “good”. One major criticism against Taylor’s thought is that there is an inconsistency between “identity” and “good” in it. In other words, we cannot believe in an identity as formed by dialogue and, at the same time, speak of similar moral intuitions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
28 - Moore's Open Question Argument Compared to the Ontology of Good in Ibn ʿArabi's Mysticism
Alireza AramThe present article describes the open question argument and while analyzing the semantics of ethics in Ibn Arabi’s view, deals with a critical comparison of these two views. From a point of view, the perception of good depends on the understanding of the truth of MoreThe present article describes the open question argument and while analyzing the semantics of ethics in Ibn Arabi’s view, deals with a critical comparison of these two views. From a point of view, the perception of good depends on the understanding of the truth of existence, and until existence is accepted as absolute good, the interpretation of the instance of good is not possible. However, philosophical ethics theory of Moore does not tend to such an ontological interpretation, and limits the good to the scope of semantic discussions. At first glance, the ontological interpretation of good, as a presupposition, seems to be hidden from Moore's view. But to formulate more comprehensive theory of ethics, it is necessary to moderate both views. With an acceptable interpretation of the theory of unity of existence, the mystical doctrine of good can be recognized as a basis for Moore's intuitionism. Also, by discovering the ontological assumptions from the inside of semantic theory of him, one can answer doubts about the objectivity and reality of ethics Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
29 - علم عنائی واجب الوجود در حکمت سینوی و نقدی بر آن
ahmad Beheshty -
Open Access Article
30 - Philosophy of Intimidation and Punishment
Ahmad BeheshtiSince Muslim philosophers and Mutakallimun consider the NecessaryBeing to be Pure Goodness and believe in Infallibaty of the system ofcreation, the question arises as to: Why does God intimidate Hisservants to punishment and why will He punish sinners in the cominglife MoreSince Muslim philosophers and Mutakallimun consider the NecessaryBeing to be Pure Goodness and believe in Infallibaty of the system ofcreation, the question arises as to: Why does God intimidate Hisservants to punishment and why will He punish sinners in the cominglife Akhira?The present writing undertakes to explain solutions posed byMuslim philosophers and mutakallimuns. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
31 - Status of Ethics in Gadamer's Hermeneutics
زهرا زینلی مهرآبادThis essay deals with ethics in Gadamer's hermeneutics. Mainquestion is whether Gadamer's hermeneutics can play an importantrule in finding the way, how-to-live human beings or not. In thelight of Heidegger's interpretation of plato's aletheia, it seems thatethics has l MoreThis essay deals with ethics in Gadamer's hermeneutics. Mainquestion is whether Gadamer's hermeneutics can play an importantrule in finding the way, how-to-live human beings or not. In thelight of Heidegger's interpretation of plato's aletheia, it seems thatethics has lost his early status philosophizing. By means ofinterpreting truth [Wahrheit] and good [agathon] in Plato'sphilosophy, Gadamer intends to illustrate rational connectionbetween speculative philosophy and ethics. First of all, Heidegger'saccount of Plato's aletheia must be exposed, which is conveyed todisclosedness and forgottenness of the being [Sein], in his turn,consequently, leads to ethical nihilism. It would be, then, discussedthat how Gadamer tries to obviate this crisis/situation. Gadamer'sendeavour is concentrated on two issues: (1) Reconstructing ofPlato's care in [contemplating and] intending on transcendentalIdeas, specially Idea of goodness, and their relation with the beingwhich leads him to relitivization of distinction between the beingand entities. (2) The canonical rule of authentic dialogue at formingethical decision and performing this decision in virtue of persistanceof exact and critical investigation. Saying the main consequence inshort: ethical considerations not only are not distinctable fromontology but also they are situated in its focal center. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
32 - Optimum use of water resorce Auramanat zone(Rain Reservoir)
پرویز kardovani Bakhtir KurdpoorConstrains and low water sources, most societies demand for water consumption need to increase the exploitation of water resources in 2025 to rate 110% of indicators based on national and international water management in iran, caused of optimation use of rain water. St MoreConstrains and low water sources, most societies demand for water consumption need to increase the exploitation of water resources in 2025 to rate 110% of indicators based on national and international water management in iran, caused of optimation use of rain water. Storage to be considred. In this study, the first for supply water of javanroud weather station, in experimental case of 6000 litter tank rainwater stroge, averagly from rainwater on popularization level about lo time, full and depleted annually, with successfully case of study, decided that in grater scale to purpose of pupularization water supply in industry and agriculture. And overview normal standard use of 150 m3 for one family animaly , build a reservoir 8*7*3 m2 with a capacity of 150 m3 cubic meters of pond surface is 250 m2 action. In this area over the water years with normal rainfull 600 mm every 100 square meters, 60 cubic meters of rainwater storage was used successfully. Reduced rainfull in recent years, before the rain evaporated and runoff out of reach water harvesting methods can help, especially with rain water stroge reservoirs, shoud be used and esploited. With this study with out need to fountiain. Well and river water, surrender from proximity and distance to other water resources, every demaned water needed from an area, in proximity of that area ease supplied. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
33 - Impact of temperature on cotton crop water requirement in Sabzevar
Hossein Mohammadi Morteza Miri Mojtaba Rahimi Safiyeh TayebiThe goal of this study is to determine the temperature on time scales of years, seasons, months, and its relation to the rate of evapotranspiration and crop water requirement of cotton in Sabzevar city. The minimum climatic data of temperature, the mean average and maxi MoreThe goal of this study is to determine the temperature on time scales of years, seasons, months, and its relation to the rate of evapotranspiration and crop water requirement of cotton in Sabzevar city. The minimum climatic data of temperature, the mean average and maximum temperature, wind, solar radiation, relative humidity and rainfall from the archives of meteorological synoptic stations Sabzevar 56-year period (2010-1956), was received. In order to investigate the thermal parameters of the test I was Man Kendall and Sen Stimstor. For estimating evapotranspiration and water requirement of the crop watts were used. The results showed that the rate of increase of temperature trends in Sabzevar city is strong and it’s maximum to minimum temperature, because in all three scale annual, seasonal and monthly maximum increase in this parameter is observed. Behavior similar to the behavior of the minimum average mean temperature. Seasonal temperature trends follow the trend of the increasing trend in annual minimum temperature is remarkable. Evaluation of evapotranspiration rates for the study period may indicate a trend in this parameter. Maximum amount on monthly evapotranspiration due to the occurrence of maximum temperature in July and August and the lowest was in January. Cotton crop irrigation requirements estimated using a model W for each year showed that over the period studied, the average irrigation requirement is 1371.83 mm. Meaningful verification process to increase the water requirement by 95% for the tests I Man Kendall and age of the plant, respectively. Maximum water requirement was estimated at flowering and boll development. In general we can say at this station increasing the temperature increases the rate of evaporation and transpiration. The cotton crop irrigation requirements are calculated based on the estimated evapotranspiration during the study period in the time scale, long-term and short-term increased. �دال و سن استیمیتور در سطح 95% برای این گیاه بدست آمد. بیشترین نیاز آبی گیاه در مرحله گلدهی و رشد غوزه برآورد شد. بطور کل میتوان گفت در این ایستگاه با افزایش پارامترهای دمایی، میزان تبخیر و تعرق نیز افزایش پیدا کرده است. از طرف دیگر محاسبه نیاز آبیاری گیاه پنبه بر اساس تبخیر و تعرق برآورد شده طی دوره مورد مطالعه در مقیاس زمانی طولانی مدت و کوتاه مدت افزایش یافته است Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
34 - Analysing the development of effective natural factors warmness, case and cover the hole edge of the desert Haj Aligholi
Saeid Kamyabi Mohammadali Rajaei Rizi Rahim Yousefizadeh Hamidreza MalekiWater is life resource for living creatures especially human being. Water is the first andnecessary toop for industrial development the base for agricultural production .if the mater ofwater and soil conservation be considered systematically and in the wide spread scale MoreWater is life resource for living creatures especially human being. Water is the first andnecessary toop for industrial development the base for agricultural production .if the mater ofwater and soil conservation be considered systematically and in the wide spread scale, in factthe consistency of natural environment is fulfilled (rajaei 1382).The resource area is locatedbetween 50 35 to 26 36 of north latitude and 12 54 to 46 54 north longitude which reachesfrom north to alborz mountain frome east to moladeh village, from west to damghan city andfrom sout to hajali gholi playa . in this area the following villages are located , mehmandoost,dehmolla, kalati molla, forat,zarrin abad mehdi abad, abbas abad,vamerzan, bagh, jazan,heidarabad and haji abad which contain a population about 62000 person including damghancity.the main occupation of population of this region is gardening.The disaster of underground water table falling , salinization of water,increase of demand andregion potential for increasing cultivating lands needs a full study for providing sustainablesituation and is one of the most necessary need of the ragion. In order to reach to this aim allgeographical,natural and especially geomorphology agents of region were strictly and in thefield , using GIS hardware were studied to find the role of them on water resources of this areawhere is one of the centers of human activities in the field of agriculture . the results show thatthe geomorphology of the region including tall mountains, affecting on the amount of rainfall,also tectonized limestone formation, have an important role on water provision of the region,which with wide plainheads have the principle role oo feeding underground tables. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
35 - Comparative Comparison of Factors Affecting the Willingness and Participation of Donors in the Urban Uses Sector (Case Study: Development of Sports Facilities in Golestan and Tehran provinces)
Esmaeil Deldadeh Mehraban Zynalabedin Fallah Taher Bahlakeh Asra AskariIntroduction and Purpose: The important role of financial supporters and financial supporters in helping to develop different sectors of countries is quite obvious, and donors have found a special place in this regard. The purpose of this study is to identify and priori MoreIntroduction and Purpose: The important role of financial supporters and financial supporters in helping to develop different sectors of countries is quite obvious, and donors have found a special place in this regard. The purpose of this study is to identify and prioritize the factors affecting the will and participation of this group of individuals in the development of sports venues and promote related per capita. For this purpose, the components identified in the two provinces of Golestan and Tehran was compared and comparatively comparable. Method: The present study is a type of applied research and a descriptive-surrounding data collection. Key points were used to identify effective factors based on the foundation's data strategy and coding. The statistical population of the research in the qualitative section of the research included experts and specialists in the field of sports management. The FAHP technique was used to weight and prioritize components. Findings: A total of 112 initial codes were extracted from a total of 16 interviews, which were reduced to 13 subs -categories during the coding process, and finally 6 main categories were extracted on the basis of secondary open codes. In Golestan province, the "economic factors" category of 0.54884 had the highest importance and the "development" of 0.05222 had the lowest priority. On the other hand, the results for Tehran province showed that the category of "economic factors" weighing 0.72314 has the highest degree of importance and the "trusting" category of 0.06652 has the lowest priority. The important point is that in all two provinces that have the highest weight, the "economic conditions" are "economic conditions". Conclusion: In order to expand the qualitative and qualitative expansion of the charity culture in the community and to use the benefits and capabilities of the charity and encourage them to meet the sports needs of the community in different regions of the country, as well as guide and organize the charity's financial and specialized assistance, it is necessary to make a definite mechanism, Predict and adopt. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
36 - Estimation of Water Consumption in Agricultural Sector of Soudlaneh Vill Using Estimation Algorithm of Evapotranspiration
hossein karimi torghabeh parviz kardavani masoud mahdaviThe main consumer of water resource in the country is agriculture sector – AS a result, the largest amount of water losses is related to this sector one of the most important processes of agricultural water losses related to real evapotranspiration because during MoreThe main consumer of water resource in the country is agriculture sector – AS a result, the largest amount of water losses is related to this sector one of the most important processes of agricultural water losses related to real evapotranspiration because during the evapotranspiration process (ET) , a large volume of water of surface soil transferred transpiration ally and also sub soil water is transferred through the vegetation and real transpiration to the atmosphere. In this research using the algorithm SEBAL and MODIS indicator the real evapotranspiration rate was evaluated in Sodlaneh village of Quchan in 2011.Monthly results indicate the highest evapotranspiration was related to the months of April, June, May that with average of 17, 21, 26 mm was topped up respectively. High levels of evapotranspiration in spring due to land use map of the area which dominates annual evaporation and transpiration of the Sodlaneh village is calculation this year as 260mm that its Maximum equal with 644 mm is related to eastern part of the village (such as villages Dadanloo, Dizadiz) and and at least equivalent to 102mm is related to the central and western parts of the village (such as village of davoodli and dollo). The results of this study with the land data of Sodlaneh village shows that there is a significant correlation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
37 - Investigation of performance Indexes and the rule of mitigation reservoir on flood control (case study: Jafarabad watershed in Golestan province)
KAMI KABOOSI REZA JELINIIn order to investigation of detention reservoirs on flood in Jafar Abad basin, Golestan province, Iran, the precipitation- run off process as well as reservoir routing were simulated by HEC-HMS Software. The model was run under four different scenarios (without reservo MoreIn order to investigation of detention reservoirs on flood in Jafar Abad basin, Golestan province, Iran, the precipitation- run off process as well as reservoir routing were simulated by HEC-HMS Software. The model was run under four different scenarios (without reservoir and with reservoir: empty, half-full, and full) and for different return periods of 2 up to 100 years. The statistical analysis of the results was done based on one-way analysis of variance. To study the effect of reservoirs, two indices including the Flood Attenuation Rate (FAR) and Storage Ratio (SR) were used. The results indicated that construction of detention reservoirs leads to postponing the incidence of the peak discharge and decreased peak discharge along with the volume of the flood leaving the reservoir, but these decreasions were not significant. The influence of the reservoir diminished with the prolongation of the return period. The maximum level of flood volume reduction for the empty, half-full, and full reservoirs was 61.1, 33.2, and 0.8%, respectively and for the peak discharge was 63.9, 32.8, and 6.6%, respectively. The maximum value of FAR for the reservoirs under empty, half-full, and full conditions were 26, 19, and 7%, respectively. Similarly, the maximum SR for the empty and half-full reservoirs was 14 and 5, respectively that showing the efficiency of reservoirs in flood control. The results demonstrated that the efficiency of reservoirs in flood control is not merely dependent on the reservoir volume and the amount of flood. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
38 - Comparison of gene expression programming (GEP) and neuro-fuzzy methods for estimation of pan evaporation (case study: south Khorasan province)
پرویز حقیقت جو زهرا محمدزاده شاهرودی ام البنی محمد رضا پورAccurate estimation as one of the important elements of the hydrological cycle of evaporation play an important role in the development and management of water resources plays countries facing a water crisis. so far methods, and many empirical formulas in estimatin MoreAccurate estimation as one of the important elements of the hydrological cycle of evaporation play an important role in the development and management of water resources plays countries facing a water crisis. so far methods, and many empirical formulas in estimating the nonlinear process evaporation of the basin, which provide high accuracy and as well as access to all the input parameters problem or measure they need a lot of time and money.The aim of this study was to compare of ability of Gene expression programmingand neuro-fuzzy methods for estimation of evaporation in South Khorasan province. For this purpose daily data collected from occurs six synoptic stations during years 1990-2010. Input parameters are daily mean temperature, relative humidity, max and min temperature, wind speed and sun shine. Finally, to evaluate of models and compare them criteria such as coefficient of determination (R2) and Mean Bias Error (MBE) and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) and MBE is used. Compression of result in test period showed the GEP Model has better performance than the neuro-fuzzy model to estimate the daily evaporation. The best result of GEP is R2=0.79، RMSE= 1.44 and MBE=0.35 in Boshroie station and worst is R2=0.7، RMSE= 2.6 and MBE=1.2 in Birgand station. Also the results showed the main factor in estimation of evaporation is mean temperature in all station except that mine temperature is impact parameter. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
39 - Effect of soil surface water repellency on the evaporation rate from three soils with different textures
Shahram Shahmohammadi Kalalagh حسین بیرامیReducing irrigation losses due to surface evaporation by using water repellent soil surface can help in maintaining water in the current situation that our country is suffering from water deficit. In this research, the effect of creating a water-repellent layer on the s MoreReducing irrigation losses due to surface evaporation by using water repellent soil surface can help in maintaining water in the current situation that our country is suffering from water deficit. In this research, the effect of creating a water-repellent layer on the soil surface in the form of anti-evaporation mulch layer was evaluated on three soil textures (sandy loam, loam and clay loam). For this purpose, soils artificially hydrophobized by Stearic acid at four different concentrations and water drop penetration time method to obtain four different degrees of water repellency. And its effect on the rate of surface evaporation from the small lysimeters (with height and diameter 30 cm) located at the ground was investigated in the form of water-repellent layer with three-centimeter thickness. All experiments were conducted at a field in Marand area (latitude: 38° 25' 16.87'' N and longitude: 45° 47' 30.30'' E) in summer 2016. The experiments were performed in a completely randomized design with five treatments degree of water repellency and three replications. After analysis by SPSS and Duncan test (5% level), the average comparison carried out between evaporation in the different water repellency degrees for three soils. The results showed that the surface the water-repellent layer significantly decreased the amount of evaporation in the mentioned three soils. Also, the surface evaporation reduction rate was increased with increasing the water repellency degree. The maximum reduction of evaporation with increasing in the water repellency degree compared to the control treatment (zero degrees of water repellency) was 78.3 %, 42.2 % and 30.1 % in the sandy loam, loam and clay loam soil, respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
40 - Comparison of Some Calibration Methods of Hargreaves Equation for Evapotranspiration Estimation (Case Study: Shiraz and Zarghan Synoptic Stations in Fars Province)
Hamid FooladmandBackground and Aim: The Hargreaves equation is one of the simplest methods for estimation of reference crop potential evapotranspiration which has two constant coefficients of 17.8 and 0.0023. The Hargreaves equation has been calibrated in many studies around world base MoreBackground and Aim: The Hargreaves equation is one of the simplest methods for estimation of reference crop potential evapotranspiration which has two constant coefficients of 17.8 and 0.0023. The Hargreaves equation has been calibrated in many studies around world based on lysimeter data or the Penman-Monteith method. The main objective of this study was the calibration and validation of Hargreaves equation with three conditions based on the Penman-Monteith equation in Shiraz and Zarghan synoptic stations in Fars province. Method: In this study, the Hargreaves equation has been calibrated and evaluated with three different conditions based on the Penman-Monteith method in Shiraz and Zarghan synoptic stations in Fars province. In the first condition (H1), the monthly effective temperature was used instead of monthly mean temperature, and also the constant coefficients of 17.8 and 0.0023 were calibrated. The monthly effective temperature is the function of minimum and maximum monthly temperature and a constant coefficient that must be determined in calibration stage. In the second condition (H2), the constant coefficients of 17.8 and 0.0023 were calibrated, and in the third condition (H3) only the constant coefficient of 0.0023 was calibrated. For this study, 25 years (1988-2012) of monthly weather data of Shiraz and Zarghan synoptic stations in Fars province were used to calibrate the three mentioned conditions, and the coefficients of each condition for each month and each station were determined separately by using the Solver menu of Excel software. Then, 10 years (2013-2022) of monthly data of mentioned stations were used to evaluate the obtained results. Also, Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), Normalized Root Mean Square Error (NRMSE), Mean Bias Error (MBE) and model Efficiency Factor (EF) were employed to compare the results in calibration and evaluation stages.Results: The results in calibration and evaluation stages for both stations showed that the H3 condition for estimating evapotranspiration was better than the other conditions, and only determining a coefficient instead of 0.0023is needed. The value of this coefficient was changed between 0.0022 to 0.0027 in both stations.Conclusion: The results indicated that similar to many previous studies in the world, it is better to calibrate the coefficients of the Hargreaves equation for estimating reference crop potential evapotranspiration for study region. On the other hand, the results showed that using monthly effective temperature for estimating reference crop potential evapotranspiration in Hargreaves equation didn’t lead to the improvement of evapotranspiration estimation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
41 - Sensitivity Analysis of Evapotranspiration to Change in Meteorological Parameters in North-West and West of Iran
Yagob Dinpashoh Saead Jahanbakhsh asl masoumeh foroughiSensitivity analysis of reference crop evapotranspiration (ET0) is crucial for improving water management in the arid and semi-arid country as like Iran. However, it is important to analyze the sensitivity of ET0 to meteorological parameters, since the climate globally MoreSensitivity analysis of reference crop evapotranspiration (ET0) is crucial for improving water management in the arid and semi-arid country as like Iran. However, it is important to analyze the sensitivity of ET0 to meteorological parameters, since the climate globally has been changed to some extent. In this study, sensitivity of ET0 by varying the climatic parameters at 36 selected stations in the West and Northwest of Iran was investigated. The priority and effect of the climatic parameters in different months at the selected stations were found by sensitivity analysis. The ET0 is calculated based on the most recommended form of the FAO-56 Penman-Monteith method. To analysis the sensitivity, variations of ET0 depends on the changes in minimum temperature (Tmin), maximum temperature (Tmax), wind speed (u2), minimum relative humidity (RHmin) and maximum relative humidity (RHmax), in the range of ±20% with the step of 5% was calculated. Finally, the parameter with higher importance for each station was obtained. Results showed that ET0 was more sensitive to the variation of Tmax at the 13 stations (36.11%) in annual time scale. The maximum change of ET0 by increasing of Tmax with+20% was found at Ardebil (15.54%) and the minimum change in the same situation was found to be 6.05 % at Meshkinshahr. The range of the changes by varying T min was between -47 % (in Sanandaj) to 0.91 % (in Khalkhal). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
42 - Evaluation of the different levels of water supply in pistachio gardens using SEBAL algorithm (The case study of Sirjan Plain)
Alireza Badiehneshin Masoud Parsinejad Hamideh NooryRegarding the development trend of pistachio gardens in many provinces and the severe shortage of water resources in these areas, the supply of water requirement of pistachio is not feasible. In order to optimize management in water shortage conditions, it is necessary MoreRegarding the development trend of pistachio gardens in many provinces and the severe shortage of water resources in these areas, the supply of water requirement of pistachio is not feasible. In order to optimize management in water shortage conditions, it is necessary to evaluate the different levels of water supply during pistachio growth stages. The purpose of this study is determine the water supply status at different stages of pistachio growth using satellite images and SEBAL algorithm in Sirjan Plain. The actual evapotranspiration of pistachios was estimated using the SEBAL algorithm and Landsat 8 images. The result of this model was validated with Landsat 7 images. This model could calculate actual evapotranspiration of pistachio the same as other research with 20% error (0.6 mm/day). The results showed that supply of water in the third stage of growth (at the peak consumption) due to increased pistachio water requirement, insufficient water supply led to 30% deficit irrigation in Sirjan plain. In order to better irrigation management, production can be increased by reducing irrigation in the second stage and increasing irrigation in the third stage. The rate of deficit irrigation in the Sirjan Plain was 17% and it was in the tolerable threshold for the pistachio. The results show that the pistachio tree is resistant to deficit irrigation (up to 26%) in low salinity levels. In high water salinity (4000 μmho / cm), the effect of deficit irrigation and salinity is combined and pistachio production is rapidly reduced due to deficit irrigation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
43 - Evaluation of classic semi-permanent sprinkler system and modeling evaporation losses and wind drift in ADF 25˚ nozzle sprinkler model in Moghan region
majid raoof یاسر حسینی fardin Nazari-GiglooOptimized management and utilization of any system requires knowing the working conditions of the system, and optimized utilization becomes possible by evaluating the way the system works. Since various regions in Iran have arid and semi-arid climates, obtaining the act MoreOptimized management and utilization of any system requires knowing the working conditions of the system, and optimized utilization becomes possible by evaluating the way the system works. Since various regions in Iran have arid and semi-arid climates, obtaining the actual wind drift and evaporation losses and also making optimized use of water has a great importannce. The present research intended to evaluate a classic semi-permanent sprinkler, to measure wind drift and evaporation losses, and to introduce an optimized model by using multivariate regression for the study region. The study was conducted in Part of the Moghan agro-industrial complex in Ardabil province at wind speeds of 0-3 and 3-6 and higher than 6 meters per second with three replications. Results in ADF 25º nozzle sprinkler model indicated that the efficiencies of the system at wind speeds of 0-3, 3-6, and higher than 6 meters per second were 82, 66, and 43 percent, respectively, and wind speed, temperature, relative humidity, nozzle diameter, and vapor pressure deficit (saturation deficit) were among the factors that influenced wind drift and evaporation losses. The wind factor had the most and vapor pressure deficit the least effect on wind drift and evaporation losses. Furthermore, the equation of the best fit line to the measured values for wind drift and evaporation losses under the prevailing atmospheric conditions in the region was as follows and the difference between results of the model and observed data was not significant in 1% level of confidence. Moreover, the measured and the modeled percentages obtained for wind drift and evaporation losses varied from 6 to 34 and from 11to 35 percent, respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
44 - Estimating water requirement of forage maize and sugar beet using remote sensing (case study: Qazvin plain)
حمیده نوری ALI Mokhtari Alireza BadiyeneshinIn this study, Kc curves of early- and late-planted fodder maize and sugar beet were obtained based on two main satellite-based methods: (1) ratio approach (2) vegetation indices (VIs) approach. In the ratio approach, basal crop coefficient (Kcb) and single crop coeffic MoreIn this study, Kc curves of early- and late-planted fodder maize and sugar beet were obtained based on two main satellite-based methods: (1) ratio approach (2) vegetation indices (VIs) approach. In the ratio approach, basal crop coefficient (Kcb) and single crop coefficient (Kc) was directly calculated from the ratio of potential transpiration (Tp) to ET0 (using SWAP) and ETp to ET0 (using SWAP and the Priestly-Taylor equation), respectively. The VI approach makes use of Landsat 7 (ETM+) and 8 (OLI) and also MODIS imagery in order to extract soil adjusted vegetation index (SAVI). The Kcb curves were evaluated against field measured leaf area index (LAI) in 2012 growing season. After each Kc curve was modeled, net irrigation requirement (NIR) was calculated on daily and season basis. Results showed that the SWAP approach was weak in estimating the Kcb and Kc curves especially at late-season stage. The VI approach could properly detect changes in vegetation cover during an entire growing season. But, when it came to Kc curve modelling, the VI approach was limited to the values given in FAO 56. However, the Priestly-Taylor approach compensated for the aforesaid limitation; therefore, yielded more sensible trends in Kc curves. Therefore satellite-based approaches derived from more realistic Kc curves during the entire growing season. Overall, making use of the satellite-based approaches could improve water management on regional scales. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
45 - Projection and Spatial Analysis of Agroclimatic Indices in Ghezel Ozan River Basin during the Growing Season
Amin Sadeqi Yagob Dinpashoh Mahdi ZarghamiAccurate planning for adaptation to climate change is very important in each region. In this study, using the meteorological data of the six synoptic stations in the Ghezel Ozan basin in the period 1989-2016, and by employing the four GCM models, under the two scenarios MoreAccurate planning for adaptation to climate change is very important in each region. In this study, using the meteorological data of the six synoptic stations in the Ghezel Ozan basin in the period 1989-2016, and by employing the four GCM models, under the two scenarios RCP4.5 and RCP8.5, data were generated for the horizons 2050. Then, some parameters such as the air temperature, precipitation, potential evapotranspiration (ET0), precipitation deficit (PD) during the growing season, dryness intensity were calculated. ET0 was calculated by Pristeley-Taylor (PT) and Penman-Monteith (PM) methods. Then, ET0 obtained from the PT method was calibrated using four Artificial Intelligence methods (namely Eureqa Formulize, ANN, ANFIS and SVM) with PM method for each station. For spatial analysis, three geostatistical methods namely IDW, Kriging, and Cokriging were utilized. The results indicated an increase of 0.9 - 2 ºC in mean air temperature and an increase in precipitation between 27 and 49 mm will be experienced in the future period. Furthermore, ET0 and dryness intensity will be increased at all the stations. The increase in average PD (in the whole basin) will be about 6% to 9%. In average, the rate of increase in agroclimatic indices in the RCP8.5 scenario will be about four percent more than the RCP4.5 scenario. Among the methods of interpolation, the modified Cokriging based on DEM (Digital Elevation Model) showed the more suitable one among others. The length of the growing season will be elongated from 15 to 35 days. No significant changes will be occurred for dryness period. The spatial variation of future climate variables is expected to be not changed comparing the base period. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
46 - Assessing the Performance of WRF Model in Prediction of Evapotranspiration in Paddy Fields
Ebrahim Asadi Oskouei Mohammadreza Mohammadpour Penchah Leila Goodarzi Mojtaba ShokouhiBackground and Aim: Evapotranspiration as one of the main components of the hydrological cycle, has a significant role in proper irrigation planning and water resources management. In this case, estimating evapotranspiration is limited due to a lack of data and a defici MoreBackground and Aim: Evapotranspiration as one of the main components of the hydrological cycle, has a significant role in proper irrigation planning and water resources management. In this case, estimating evapotranspiration is limited due to a lack of data and a deficiency of meteorological stations. Therefore, today numerical models such as WRF are a powerful tool for generating and predicting meteorological quantities (wind speed, humidity, etc.) that are needed to estimate evapotranspiration. So far, no research has been conducted to investigate the effect of different schemes of the WRF model on the estimate of rice evapotranspiration. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficiency of the WRF model and obtain the result for estimating evaporation for rice plant in the central plain of Guilan.Method: Evapotranspiration rates vary from 2.7 to 8.5 mm per day. The average ET during three different periods of plant growth, including the initial, middle, and final periods, is estimated to be 4.63, 5.97, and 5.98 mm per day, respectively. The three configurations 1, 2, and 4 are mainly overestimated in predicting evapotranspiration of rice plants, and the computational values are estimated to be higher than the values measured by the lysimeter. The results show that the highest amount of RMSE occurred in configuration No. 4 at 8.47 and the lowest rate occurred in configuration No. 3 at 1.26. Summary of results shows that configuration No. 3 in all four criteria mentioned has performed better than other configurations to predict daily evapotranspiration of rice. The results showed that the non-local schema used in the model, simulates better than the local schemas for the daily evapotranspiration of the rice plant. Findings show that in the local YSU schema, the accuracy of predictions is significantly increased and is only 0.64 mm on average less than the estimated lysimetric data.Results: The results showed that using appropriate schemas in the surface layer and boundary layer of the WRF model, affects on accuracy of evapotranspiration predictions. The results of this study showed that, this model by using the YSU non-local boundary layer scheme can accurately predict the evapotranspiration rates of the rice plant for the next day and this is due to the higher ability of this schema in predicting the parameters affecting evapotranspiration (including temperature and wind). Therefore, the WRF model can be implemented by using GFS forecast data for the next few days and by applying the FAO-Penman-Monteith equations to the model outputs, the values of potential evapotranspiration for different regions of the country can be calculated. Since evapotranspiration is directly related to atmospheric thermodynamic processes, so using other different atmospheric physics schemas (not considered in this study) can produce different results. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
47 - Investigation of Pan evaporation paradox and climatic parameters affecting it in half-west and center of Iran
Muhammad Nasrollahi ali asghar Zolfaghari mohammad Reza YazdaniEvaporation acts as an important component and a key control factor in land hydrological processes. In the context of global warming, pan evaporation demand is expected to increase, but the decrease in measured pan evaporation has challenged the hypothesis that climate MoreEvaporation acts as an important component and a key control factor in land hydrological processes. In the context of global warming, pan evaporation demand is expected to increase, but the decrease in measured pan evaporation has challenged the hypothesis that climate change would increase evaporation. The main purposes of this study were (1) to investigate the existence of evaporation paradox, (2) to detect the temporal trends of pan evaporation and related climatic variables on annual time scale. In this study the data of 50 synoptic weather stations in half-west and center of Iran were used. Non-parametric tests Mann-Kendall and Sen's slope estimator were used to discover trend through time series. Results showed that pan evaporation in 10% and 28% of stations had significant (p<0.05) decreasing and increasing trend, respectively. But, trend analysis of mean temperature as source of energy required for evaporation, indicated that in 94% of the stations had increasing trend. Despite the increase in temperature in the all stations, evaporation paradox has occurred in 36% of stations and only in 10% of stations evaporation paradox was significant at 5% level (p<0.05). Data analysis in stations that had evaporation paradox ( with negative pan evaporation trend) indicated that decrease in wind speed and sunshine duration and more increasing in the minimum temperature compared to the maximum temperature, were the main climatic parameters that controlling the rate of pan evaporation. Decreasing in pan evaporation in arid and semiarid areas of Iran is important in climatic studies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
48 - Measurement of Water Consumption of Promising Rice Cultivars Using Mini-Cylindrical Lysimeters in Amol City
Saeed Hosseini Ali Bagheri Reza Asadi Davod Akbari nodehiBackground and Aim: Rice is one of the most important agricultural products in the world. Rice cultivation in Iran has great economic and social importance. Mazandaran province is one of the most important rice production centers in Iran, accounting for 44% of the Iran' MoreBackground and Aim: Rice is one of the most important agricultural products in the world. Rice cultivation in Iran has great economic and social importance. Mazandaran province is one of the most important rice production centers in Iran, accounting for 44% of the Iran's rice production. Due to the high consumption of water in the agricultural sector, the optimal use of water resources in agriculture is necessary.The water required by rice is directly related to evapotranspiration. The most reliable method of calculating evapotranspiration is using a lysimeter. The purpose of this experiment is to calculate the evapotranspiration of different varieties of rice using mini-lysimeters and to introduce the best variety for cultivation. Method: The experiment was conducted as randomized complete block design with three replications and eleven treatments, at Rice Research Institute of Iran (Amol) during the 2020. The treatments included different rice varieties in 11 levels T1: AR2, T2: AR6, T3: AHS, T4: DAH, T5: 1117, T6: 952, T7: 956, T8: E104, T9: S715, T10: Tarom, and T11: Shiroodi. Mini lysimeters with open bottom and closed bottom had a diameter of 60 cm and a height of 50 cm. Field soil was sampled from 0 to 30 cm depth and studied in the laboratory. The date of transplanting was similar in all rice cultivars The planting density of seedlings was 20×20 cm and 7 seedlings were placed in lysimeter. The lysimeters were placed 6 cm above the ground in the soil. The seeds were planted in a treasury and the seedlings were placed in the lysimeter after 30-35 days (after 3-4 leaves and height 25-20 cm). Water management in lysimeters was in the form of flooding (5 cm). Finally, variance analysis of the obtained data was done using SAS software and the mean of the treatments were compared through the least significant difference (LSD) test at 5% probability level. Results: The results showed that different varieties and lines of rice was effective on infiltration, evapotranspiration, yield, water consumption and were statistically significant at 1% level of probablity. The highest and lowest evapotranspiration with averages of 4938.7 and 3747 m3/ha belonged to T9 and T5 treatments, respectively. The highest and lowest yields with averages of 7773.7 and 2938.1 kg/ha belonged to T8 and T6 treatments, respectively. The highest and lowest values of deep percolation were observed with averages of 303.3 and 185.3 mm in T9 and T5 treatments, respectively. The highest and lowest amount of applied water with averages of 9972 and 7600.3 m3/ha belonged to T9 and T5 treatments, respectively. The highest and lowest water productivity with averages of 0.98 and 0.3 kg/m3 were related to T8 and T9 treatments, respectively. The results showed that the length of the plant growth period was different in the tested cultivars and lines and it was effective on the amount of water consumption.. Conclusion: Finally, in the normal conditions of the region, line E104 is introduced as the best treatment due to the production of maximum grain yield, while in water shortage conditions, the line 1117 is recommended for planting due to less water consumption. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
49 - Use of Ensemble Methods for Improving Accuracy of Remotely Sensed-derived Actual Evapotranspiration of Global Databases Case Study: (Karkheh Dam Watershed)
Jalal Yarahmadi Ali Shamsoddini seyed majid mirlatifi Majid DelavarActual Evapotranspiration is one of the effective components in the hydrological cycle. Therefore, accurate estimation of this component at the watershed scale has an important role in the management of available water resources. In this study, the accuracy of actual ev MoreActual Evapotranspiration is one of the effective components in the hydrological cycle. Therefore, accurate estimation of this component at the watershed scale has an important role in the management of available water resources. In this study, the accuracy of actual evapotranspiration product values of five global terrestrial databases including MOD16, MYD16, SSEBOP, GLEAM, GLDAS was compared to the evapotranspiration values predicted from the SWAT model simulation in the Karkheh dam watershed in 2006, 2008 and 2011 which are low/high and medium rainfall respectively on a monthly scale. Then, the feasibility of improving the accuracy of evapotranspiration values obtained from these databases was investigated in eight different scenarios using simple averaging, M5 and SVR models as ensemble methods. The results showed that although actual evapotranspiration products are able to explain the trend of time changes of actual evapotranspiration in catchment, they are significantly different with the output values of the SWAT model as observation values at a significant level of 5%. The results also indicated the use of simple averaging has no effect on improving the results at the Karkheh dam watershed. However, the use of the other two ensemble methods improves the accuracy of actual evapotranspiration and the ensemble method explains 80% of the SWAT-derived actual evapotranspiration variations. Moreover, the ensemble model derived from SVR fed by the attributes of the superior data combination scenario, reduced the estimation error by about 44% compared to that derived from the best global terrestrial product which was GLEAM in this study. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
50 - The Effect of Water Use Management in Growth Different Stages on Two Peanut Cultivars Using WOFOST Model
Ali Abdzad GohariBackground and Aim: One of the most important factors limiting peanut production is water stress and shortage in plant growth stages. Therefore, crop simulation models can be useful for predicting yield and assessing the effect of water stress on plant growth and develo MoreBackground and Aim: One of the most important factors limiting peanut production is water stress and shortage in plant growth stages. Therefore, crop simulation models can be useful for predicting yield and assessing the effect of water stress on plant growth and development. In this study, the WOFOST model was used to simulate biomass yield, seed yield and water use productivity in peanut. As the peanut modeling research has not been well-addressed in Iran, thus, the purpose of this study is to evaluate the ability of WOFOST model to simulate the yield of two peanut cultivars under irrigation conditions at different growth stages in Astaneh Ashrafiyeh region.Method: This experiment was performed in the form of split plots in a randomized complete block design with three iterations. The main treatment included irrigation until the beginning of flowering time (I1), irrigation until the beginning of pod time (I2) and full irrigation (I3), and the sub-treatment included two cultivars of Jonobi peanut (C1) and Guil (C2). The WOFOST version 7.1.3 model was employed. In this model, crop growth simulation is based on carbon cycle, which models crop growth in three situations: absence of limiting factor, water limitation, and nutrient limitation.Results: Model evaluation showed that the root mean square between the observed and simulated values in estimating biomass yield for Jonobi and Guil cultivars in 2017 were 0.554 and 0.501%, in 2018 were 0.872 and 0.897%, and in 2019 were 0.449 and 0.466%, respectively. The root of the mean squares between the observed and simulated values in estimating seed yield for Jonobi and Guil cultivars in 2017 were 0.052 and 0.065%, in 2018 were 0.132 and 0.131%, and in 2019 were 0.101 and 0.096%, respectively. The mean values of relative error between the observed and simulated values in 2017, 2018 and 2019 for biomass yield were 10.2, 18.1, and 7.7%, and for seed yield were 4.35, 6.4 and, -4.5%, respectively; also the efficiency coefficient index ranged from 0.442 to 0.960.Conclusion: Evaluation of simulated and observed values on biomass yield and seed yield demonstrate that RMSE, RMSEn and other statistical indexes were acceptable and the WOFOST model simulated two peanut cultivars accurately in different irrigation treatments. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
51 - Evaluation of Using Physical Floating Covers in Reducing Evaporation Loses from Small-Reservoirs Water Surface in Arid and Semi-arid Regions
Fateme Hooshmanzade Mohammad reza Yazdani Seyed Farhad MousaviBackground and Aim: The lack of water resources in arid and semi-arid regions like our country and the high volume of water losses through evaporation have made the importance of appropriate and practical methods to reduce evaporation from water reservoirs to be more an MoreBackground and Aim: The lack of water resources in arid and semi-arid regions like our country and the high volume of water losses through evaporation have made the importance of appropriate and practical methods to reduce evaporation from water reservoirs to be more and more clear day by day. Water is one of the most essential human needs. Evaporation is one of the climatic phenomenon in lakes and open space water loss. Different types of decreasing evaporation varied according to regional and economic conditions and environmental issues. On the other hand, in Iran the research conducted regarding reducing and controlling evaporation from water reservoirs is limited. Therefore, the current research is carried out with the aim of using new, economic, and appropriate to climatic conditions and accessible methods to reduce evaporation from water reservoirs, especially agricultural water reservoirs, in the Semnan region.Method: The efficiency of 6 physical covers (white plastic balls, empty bottles, bottles filled with straw and stubble, green canopy net with 50% density, green canopy net with 80% density, and white canopy net with 50% density), after preparation on the sunken Colorado evaporation pans, is evaluated in four periods of about 30 days in fall 2018 and winter of 2019 and spring and summer of 2021. Measuring the amount of evaporation from pans during 4 periods of approximately 30 days in different seasons of the year are done daily at 10:30 in autumn and winter and at 9:30 in spring and summer. It should be noted that the water temperature is also measured using an alcohol thermometer at the same time as the water level reading.Results: Based on the results of measurements, the rate of evaporation from the treatments of white plastic balls, empty bottles, bottles containing straw and stubble, green canopy net with 50% density, green canopy net with 80% density, canopy net White with a density of 50% and the control is equal to 259, 320, 213, 277, 369, 283 and 754 mm, respectively in four periods, which clearly shows a significant reduction in the evaporation of the applying six covers to the amount of 66, 58, 72, 63, 52 and 61 percent compared to the control treatment.Conclusion: In general, according to the efficiency of all the treatments in this research and the application of these covers, taking into account the economic, social conditions and the feasibility of implementation, in order to reduce evaporation from open water reservoirs, especially agricultural water storage pools, it is evaluated as efficient and suitable. Generally, among the methods used, the most efficient related to the bottle filled with straw and stubble, followed by plastic ball treatments and green canopy netting with a density of 80 are evaluated as the most appropriate methods. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
52 - Estimation of Wheat Irrigation Water by Inverse Solution Method of the Production Functions under Water Stress Conditions Using NIAZAB System
Niazali Ebrahimipak Ali Abdzad Gohari Arash TaftehBackground and Aim: Different factors are effective in increasing wheat production, one of the most important of which is water. Determining the actual consumed water of wheat in arid and semi-arid regions is of particular importance and the economic use of water is a s MoreBackground and Aim: Different factors are effective in increasing wheat production, one of the most important of which is water. Determining the actual consumed water of wheat in arid and semi-arid regions is of particular importance and the economic use of water is a serious and very important issue for farmers and researchers who cultivate and produce wheat under irrigation. The season of wheat cultivation has a direct effect on its water requirement due to the change in the energy pattern affecting evapotranspiration, and it will definitely have a lower water requirement in winter than in spring and summer. Therefore, the present study was conducted in order to investigate the water requirement system in determining the actual amount of irrigation water and wheat plant yield based on the inverse solution of the production function under water stress conditions for Alvand variety wheat in Qazvin province.Method: The research was conducted in 2017-2019 crop years in Qazvin province on a land of 600 square meters in Esmailabad research station (49º 52' N, 36º 15' E, 1285 MSL). The experimental design was in the form of split plots and in the form of a randomized complete block design with three replications. So that the main factor of irrigation management includes providing water requirements of 20 (I1), 40 (I2), 60 (I3), 80 (I4) and 100 percent (I5) and secondary treatment includes irrigation until the end of the flowering stage (S1) and The pulping of the seed was (S2). The country's using NIAZAB system was provided by the Soil and Water Research Institute (SWRI). This system is designed to determine the water requirement of farmland and Orchard products, which has the ability to estimate and determine the water requirement, Consumed water and plants irrigation planning at the level of the region, city, catchment and plain. One of the prominent points of this system is its location-based nature, and the user can extract their regional needs by referring to the system and can allocate the water used for the cultivation pattern under different usage options to the beneficiaries of the agricultural water stakeholder with the ability to provide an update.Results: The results showed that the root mean square error in Tafteh, Pasquale and Raes methods was 122, 83 and 126 mm per day, respectively, and Pasquale method had a better estimation than other methods. In Pasquale's method, the best normalized root mean square error was observed with 0.18%. The index of agreement or consistency in Tafteh, Pasquale and Raes methods was 0.95, 0.98 and 0.95%, respectively, and the Coefficient of Efficiency of the model was 0.77, 0.91 and 0.73, respectively. The results of the statistical analysis showed that the measured and simulated values are close to the 1:1 line and have a good relationship, and the coefficient of determination values in the studied years showed 0.98. The results of estimation the amount of wheat plant evapotranspiration in the using NIAZAB system in the Qazvin plain with the methods of Tafteh et al. (2013), Pasquale et al. (2017) and Raes et al. (R2=0.98) were high and the root mean square error in Tafteh, Pasquale and Raes methods was 120, 83 and 126 mm per day, respectively, in which Pasquale's method had a better estimation than other methods.Conclusion In general and according to the statistical results, a good approximation was observed between the real data and the using NIAZAB system in determining the amount of irrigation water under water stress conditions, which indicates the appropriate evaluation of the water requirement system and the ability to simulate the wheat yield function in relation to different treatments. It was irrigation and this system can be used as a suitable tool in estimating water needs to improve water management in wheat. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
53 - Evaluation of efficiency of long-term weather data in trickle and sprinkler irrigation management
Samia Amiri Mahdi Gheysari Bita MovavejalahkamiProper estimation of crop water requirement is very important for water resource conservation in Iran. However, in most studies in Iran, the estimation of evapotranspiration is based on long-term weather data. However, use of simultaneous weather data of a non-agricultu MoreProper estimation of crop water requirement is very important for water resource conservation in Iran. However, in most studies in Iran, the estimation of evapotranspiration is based on long-term weather data. However, use of simultaneous weather data of a non-agricultural weather station may underestimate or overestimate the crop water requirement. Therefore, it is essential for irrigation specialist to be aware of the error of evapotranspiration calculated by long-term weather data. The objective of this study was to evaluate accuracy of evapotranspiration of reference crop using long-term weather data in comparison with simultaneous weather data in drip and sprinkler irrigation. The period was designated to be from 1995 to 2009 in Isfahan weather station, Kabootarabad weather station and Shahid Beheshti airport weather station. The maximum value of n-RMSE using long-term weather data in comparison to simultaneous weather data were 24% for trickle irrigation and 18% for sprinkler irrigation management, 22% in spring, 20% in summer, 44% in fall and 56% in winter. According to results of this study, the application of long-term weather data in deficit irrigation management is not recommended. On the other hand, due to sensitivity of trickle irrigation to water stress, the application of long-term weather data for estimating of evapotranspiration in irrigation scheduling is not recommended. Finally, application of automatic weather stations and simultaneous weather data for accurate irrigation management particularly in deficitirrigation management in critical situation of water shortage is recommended. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
54 - Evaluating SEBAL model to estimate evapotranspiration using MODIS and TM sensors data
Elaheh Simaie Mehdi Homaee Ali Akbar NorouziAccurate estimation of evapotranspiration is crucial for optimal conservation of soil and water resources in arid and semi-arid regions. Evapotranspiration is an important component of water balance in arid and semi-arid regions. The objective of this study wa MoreAccurate estimation of evapotranspiration is crucial for optimal conservation of soil and water resources in arid and semi-arid regions. Evapotranspiration is an important component of water balance in arid and semi-arid regions. The objective of this study was to evaluate SEBAL model to estimate ETa in a semi-arid area. The study was carried out in Zanjanrood watershed, Zanjan province, which is dominated by both irrigated and rainfed wheat cultivation. Using MODIS (Terra/Aqua) and TM (Landsat-5) satellite data, the feasibility of using SEBAL model with multi sensors data was investigated from June to July 2007. The estimated daily ETa values which were later obtained by SEBAL model were evaluated based on the two real evaporation pan data. The statistical results indicated that SEBAL model has reasonable potential to estimate ETa of irrigated (RMSE= 0.49 to 1.25) and dryland (RMSE= 1.3 to 2.48) wheat fields. The SEBAL model evaluates ETa of irrigated wheat field more accurate than dryland wheat field. The results further indicated that the TM images are 2.5 times more accurate than MODIS images. Furthermore, it can be concluded that the TM sensor located at Landsat satellite can better predict the ETa values than the MODIS sensor located at Terra satellite sensor in the studied area. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
55 - Temporal and spatial study of water use efficiency of strategic crops in regional scale (Case study: Hamadan province)
Mohammad Ali Bayat Mohammad ManshouriAgriculture sector is the largest water consumer in Iran in terms of water volume. Improvement of water use efficiency in this sector would enhance economic efficiency on one hand, and alleviate the challenges of limited renewable water resources on the other MoreAgriculture sector is the largest water consumer in Iran in terms of water volume. Improvement of water use efficiency in this sector would enhance economic efficiency on one hand, and alleviate the challenges of limited renewable water resources on the other hand. Considering this fact, for identification of spatial and temporal variation of wheat crop water use efficiency, this research was carried out in Hamadan province area. The main objective of this study was to identify the best location and scheduling for planting wheat crop to obtain maximum water use efficiency. Wheat evapotranspiration was determined at selected meteorological stations and overall evapotranspiration in the area has been determined using IDW interpolation method. Then, the GIS map of wheat water use efficiency was produced using wheat yields data. The results indicated that west and south-west area of the province have the highest water use efficiency for wheat production. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
56 - Simulating unsteady soil evaporation under variable water content based on Campbell's two-parameter retension model
Raziyeh Aghajani Mehdi Homaee Mohammad BybordiLarge areas in Iran are located in arid and semi-arid regions and imposed to serious water shortage. In such areas, not only the available water resources are restricted, but the climatic conditions that are influencing evaporation acting more intensively. The obje MoreLarge areas in Iran are located in arid and semi-arid regions and imposed to serious water shortage. In such areas, not only the available water resources are restricted, but the climatic conditions that are influencing evaporation acting more intensively. The objective of this study was to estimate evaporation from bare soil at presence and absence of impervious layer, water table and free drainage. The amount of evaporation is also estimated using the parametric model proposed by Zarei et al., (2009) based on Campbell’s retention model. For this purpose, some PVC constructed lysimeters were filled with soil samples and packed carefully. The amount of evaporation was measured three times a day by weighting the lysimeters. The proposed model of Zarei et al.,(2009) based on Campbell’s retention model was further verified against the collected experimental data to estimate evaporation from water table drawdown. Model verification indicated that the maximum (98.8) and minimum (84.8) efficiencies belong to 150 and 75 centimeters of water table depths, respectively. The results, with slightly underestimation, indicated a reasonable agreement between the measured and model output data. The small underestimation between measured and predicted values can be attributed to moisture loss as vapor, soil shrinkage and errors in digital scale measurements. The predicted instantaneous evaporation values provided better agreement with the experimental data as the water table depths were increased. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
57 - Concept of Feeling (Gefühl) in Schleiermacher's Early Works
بابک Broomandfar Sh Pazooki سید مسعود Zamani فاطمه LajevardiIn Schleiermacher’s theological system, the concept of Feeling (Gefühl) has a significant role and the foundation of Religious Experience, in his view, is based on it. In this article, the most important question is related to the concept of Feeling from Schl MoreIn Schleiermacher’s theological system, the concept of Feeling (Gefühl) has a significant role and the foundation of Religious Experience, in his view, is based on it. In this article, the most important question is related to the concept of Feeling from Schleiermacher’s viewpoint with emphasis on his works up to 1792 C.E. Schleiermacher lived in a time when philosophers were faced with a kind of metaphysics and theology, that was so different from those of antiquity and the middle ages. Although the main themes of philosophy, such as God, the soul and its immortality, had not lost their focus; philosophers, looked at them from a different perspective, and this led to a revelation in the systems of Scholastic Theology. On the one hand, Schleiermacher is known as a famous priest, and on the other hand, he is known as a philosopher who is influenced by Kantian philosophy. He seeks to redefine religion according to the concept of “Feeling” in his philosophical theology to rescue it from its decline into Kantian morality. In his early treatises, under the influence of Aristotle and Greek philosophers, and the Kant’s transcendental philosophy, he tries to save Christian theology from the domination of Kant’s ideas and Enlightenment rationalism. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
58 - Mazdakism: Monotheism or Dualism
محمد جواد شمسThe appearance of Mazdak and his announcement was in Kawad’s(488-531) time who at first converted to Mazdakism, but after atemporarily overthrow, abandoned Mazdak and his followers. It seemsthat in 528 or 529 C.E. many of Mazdakites were killed by KhosrowAnushirav MoreThe appearance of Mazdak and his announcement was in Kawad’s(488-531) time who at first converted to Mazdakism, but after atemporarily overthrow, abandoned Mazdak and his followers. It seemsthat in 528 or 529 C.E. many of Mazdakites were killed by KhosrowAnushiravan under the command of Kawad. After Mazdak hisfollowers, known as Mazdakeans, did not lose their faith in Mazdakand his teachings so tried to spread his teachings in a hidden manner.Teachings of Mazdak, due to their similarities with some doctrines ofManichaeism, Zoroastrianism and even Zurvanism, often were ascribedto these religions. Mazdakism, on the one hand, is a dualistic religionwhich believes in two origins eternally different and independent and,on the other, speaks about an exalted God. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
59 - Negative Theology in the Works of Pseudo-Dionysius
مریم السادات نوابی محمد ایلخانیOne of the important subjects of the philosophy of religion is thereligious language. This subject was introduced in the early theologicaland mystical books, prior to the modern works of the philosophy ofreligion. Pseudo-Dionysius is one of the early thinkers who hassys MoreOne of the important subjects of the philosophy of religion is thereligious language. This subject was introduced in the early theologicaland mystical books, prior to the modern works of the philosophy ofreligion. Pseudo-Dionysius is one of the early thinkers who hassystematically surveyed the subject in his books. For talking about Godhe prefers the negative language to affirmative one. Pseudo-Dionysiusbelieves that the negative language is the language of intelligiblerealities thus when a person, in his spiritual journey, comes up to thestate of the intelligible realities he begins to pray God by negativelanguage. Therefore for Pseudo-Dionysius the negative theology isrelated to a special stage of knowledge. However he ascribes negativelanguage to intelligible manifestations of God, not to the God’sessence. He describes intelligible and hidden manifestations of God as"Super–existence" and for him it is not reasonable to talk about"Super–existence" in an earthy way. For this reason negative languageis the best way to talk about God. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
60 - A Consideration of Zoroastrian Customs and Ceremonies in Iran
فرزانه گشتاسبSome customs of present Iranians, like Norouz ceremony and Haft-sin,Chaharshanbe-suri, the customs of Arafe/Alafe on the last night of theyear, Yalda and some other ceremonies, has been retained from theancient Iran. Zoroastrians of Iran have preserved these ancient cus MoreSome customs of present Iranians, like Norouz ceremony and Haft-sin,Chaharshanbe-suri, the customs of Arafe/Alafe on the last night of theyear, Yalda and some other ceremonies, has been retained from theancient Iran. Zoroastrians of Iran have preserved these ancient customsmore than other groups, so the consideration and deliberation ofZoroastrian ceremonies will help us to analyze the Iranian ceremoniesas a whole. However, the contemporary Zoroastrian rituals, in somerespects, differ from the rituals and customs mentioned in middlePersian texts. Moreover, these rituals are not the same in all Zoroastrianregions of Iran (i.e., Kerman, Yazd and etc). In this paper, the commoncustoms of present Zoroastrians and the important elements of theirrituals are studied, so we can survey the development of their customsand make a comparison between them. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
61 - Assessment of Packaging Covers with 3% and 5% Nano Silver Based on Titanium Dioxide on the Fungal Growth of Bread
Hamed Mohammadi Seyyed Amir Ali Anvar Peyman Qajarbeygi Hamed Ahari Iraj ToomariIntroduction: A comparison has been made regarding the effect of conventional polyethylene packaging and nano silver based on titanium dioxide concerned with the fungal growth of bread consumed. This experimental study was conducted in order to increase the shelf life s MoreIntroduction: A comparison has been made regarding the effect of conventional polyethylene packaging and nano silver based on titanium dioxide concerned with the fungal growth of bread consumed. This experimental study was conducted in order to increase the shelf life storage of the bread produced. Materials and Methods: Twenty-four samples of 6 different types of bread loaf were randomly obtained from 12 bakeries in District 2 of Tehran. The samples were packaged with 3% and 5% nano coatings and also conventional polyethylene coatings as the control group. The bacterial examination of the samples were carried out twice on 1st, third, seventh, fourteenth and twenty eight days according to the national standards of Iran. Results: This study showed that the film type and storage period were the main factors that significantly influenced the fungal flora of bread (P = 0.000). With the presence of nano coatings fungal flora of bread decreased with an increase in the storage period. However this correlation was not similar in most of the breads examined and also the fungi types, therefore significant differences were observed (P = 0.000). Conclusion: According to the results of the present study and regarding the growth population with respect to the improvement in the safety, nano-silver particles which are based on titanium dioxide are preferred over the polyethylene packages. Therefore using such packages are highly recommended in bakery industry after the safety assessment of nano-composite. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
62 - Quantitative Investigation and Simulation of CO2 Sequestration in Petroleum Reservoirs Aquifer
iman darvishi Mohamad Hossein Ghazanfarri Riyaz KharratBackground and Objective: Generation and emission of greenhouse gases in air has caused climate changes and global heating. So, it is really important to reduce greenhouse gases generation or to dispose them. Injection of CO2 in hydrocarbon formations in order to EOR in MoreBackground and Objective: Generation and emission of greenhouse gases in air has caused climate changes and global heating. So, it is really important to reduce greenhouse gases generation or to dispose them. Injection of CO2 in hydrocarbon formations in order to EOR in depleted oil and gas reservoirs and in aquifers is one of the disposal ways. Method: In this project using commercial simulator CO2 Sequestration in an oil reservoir aquifer has been simulated in compositional way. Reservoir connected aquifer has been simulated using Fetkovich model and injection wells are completed in aquifer section. Simulation has been performed under four different scenarios in vertical and horizontal wells. Findings: CO2 injection and storage in aquifer are possible in different cases like free gas, sequestrated (entrapped) gas, gas solved in water and storage as solid minerals that with regards the conditions in this study, entrapped gas and free gas were resultful. Discussion and Conclusion: Results show better potential for this end for horizontal wells than vertical wells, which two horizontal (3.3e+11 sm3) wells or six vertical wells (6.9e+11) are required to inject and store specified volume of CO2 and due to the importance of well completion and durability of gas in reservoir, down completion is suggested. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
63 - Investigation of Height-Diameter Models in Different Development Stages of Unmanaged Beech Forest(Case Study: Educational and research forest of Kheirud)
Vahid Alijani Manouchehr Namiranian Jahangir Feghhi Omid Bozorg-Haddad Vahid EtemadBackground and Objective: Height Measurement of all trees in a forest or forest stand is almost impractical. For this reason, today different researchers prefer to estimate the tree height by the relationship between the DBH and height of trees. Method: In this study, MoreBackground and Objective: Height Measurement of all trees in a forest or forest stand is almost impractical. For this reason, today different researchers prefer to estimate the tree height by the relationship between the DBH and height of trees. Method: In this study, to fitting different statistical models in different stages of forest development, after field inspection, three one hectare sample plots located in different development stages in Beech forest of Kheirud forest, Natural Resources Faculty in Tehran University were selected. Then the DBH of 251 trees have been measured randomly and 80 percent of trees were used for modeling and 20 percent were used to validate 22 regression models. In order to determine the best model for each of development stages, R2, E, MBE and NMPE criteria were used. Findings: The results of this study indicated the suitability of Rational Function and Weibull models in initial stage, Modified Exponential in optimal stage and Gompertz and Richard models in Decay stages. Discussion and Conclusion: Based on the results of this study it can be concluded that different regression models doesn’t have the same ability in fitting the data of DBH and height of different forest stands and the same model can’t be used to fit the data of DBH and height of different forest stands. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
64 - Use of Fuzzy Logic to Determine the Evapotranspiration in Gonabad City
Hasan Rezaei Gholamabbas Fallah-GhalhariBackground and Objectives: Evapotranspiration are the main component of hydrologic cycle and estimation of the amount of evapotranspiration is important to study the water balance, design the irrigation systems and ultimately plan and manage the water resources to achie MoreBackground and Objectives: Evapotranspiration are the main component of hydrologic cycle and estimation of the amount of evapotranspiration is important to study the water balance, design the irrigation systems and ultimately plan and manage the water resources to achieve the stable development. Evapotranspiration are nonlinear and complicated phenomenon due to requirement for different factors and their interactions. One important step in non-linear system modeling is pre- investigation of inputs to achieve suitable combination of them. Pre-investigation of input data prevents several trial and error steps and helps to understand the most important parameters which affect the phenomenon to be able to modeling the system in an intelligent way. Thereby, this study, has aimed to implement the ability of Fuzzy logic system to estimate Evapotranspiration by using the data from Gonabad weather station in a 21-year period (1993-2014). Material and Methods: To reach this aim, after investigation of available models and different combination of weather information, the final model to estimate Evapotranspiration has been designed. In this model with 20 surface as input and one surface as output or evaporation and transpiration, 50 rules were determined in Mamdani Inference System and the estimated value of Evapotranspiration from the Fuzzy Inference were compared with the results from Fao Penman Monteith (F-P-M). Results and Discussion: Statistical parameters including Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), Main Bias Error (MBE) Coefficient of Determination, Jacovides factor (t) and Sabbagh et al. factor (R2/t) have been used to investigate the efficiency of this model. Comparison of the results from the Fuzzy Model and the results from F-P-M shows a high level of correlation between these two methods indicating the highest level of Evapotranspiration in July (RMSE: 0.08, R2: 0.98, MBE: 0.05, t:0.25 and R2/t: 3.92). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
65 - Evaluating the Effect of Walkable Street on Traffic Volumes of Periphery Routes (Case Study: 15th Khordad WalKable Street in Tehran)
khashayar kashanijou hamed mohammadiBackground and Objective: Walkable streets are considered as one of the most important contemporary urban spaces that there are still unknown dimensions of them due to not so long record in our country. This research seeks to discover the connection between closing the MoreBackground and Objective: Walkable streets are considered as one of the most important contemporary urban spaces that there are still unknown dimensions of them due to not so long record in our country. This research seeks to discover the connection between closing the street on cars and the change in the traffic volume of automobiles in peripheral routes over time.Method: This applied research has been done by collecting theoretical information through documentary studies and local investigations using observation and interview method and is a descriptive-analytic research. The case study is 15th Khordad walkable street in Tehran.Findins: By evaluating differences in traffic volumes in 2011, 2014 and 2016 with SPSS software and based on One- Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), there was a significant difference in the average traffic volume of the vehicles in the study area and rejects the hypothesis of increasing the traffic volume of motor vehicles in the periphery area of 15th Khordad. Numerical calculations show that 15.7% of traffic jams over a three-year period, and 20.7% over a five-year period in the surrounding routes disappeared after creating 15th Khordad walkable street because of changing in citizens direction and travel time and using of multi-modal trips by business-men.Discussion & Conclusion: Therefore, it seems that a paradigm shift among urban managers about traffic effects transmission of creating walkable street to periphery areas is necessary. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
66 - Comparison of Hydrology and Eco Hydrology Methods in Environmental Flow Estimation of Mahabad River
nazak rouzegari mohammad taghi sattari hajar feyziBackground and Objective: In water resources management and operation, especially for dam reservoirs, supplying the minimum water demand for protecting the life of the different plant and aquatic species is essential. Allocating the environmental flow for Mahabad River, MoreBackground and Objective: In water resources management and operation, especially for dam reservoirs, supplying the minimum water demand for protecting the life of the different plant and aquatic species is essential. Allocating the environmental flow for Mahabad River, as one of the most important rivers in the Urmia Lake basin, is very crucial. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to estimate the minimum environmental flow for Mahabad River using Eco-Hydrology methods. Method: In this study, the environmental flow for Mahabad River was estimated by five methods, namely Tenant, Tessman, Flow Duration Curve (FDC) Shifting, Desktop Reserve Model (DRM), and Flow Duration Curve Analysis (FDCA). Findings: According to the results obtained in this study, to protect Mahabad River in the acceptable minimum environmental condition, the FDC shifting model considering class B (35.1% MAR (mean annual runoff), equivalent to 2.75 m³/s) and DRM considering class B/C (27.24% MAR, equal to 2.13 m³/s) led to approximately similar and acceptable results. Discussion and Conclusion: Generally, the FDC shifting model and DRM that consider different hydrological classes are preferable to other methods, and these methods can be used to determine the environmental flow for Mahabad River. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
67 - Analysis and Evaluation of Hybrid Cooperative Frequency Control for Micro Grids in Islanding Mode in Case of Solar Panel Outage and Load Variation
maryam rahmani faramarz faghihi babak mozafariBackground and Objective: This paper proposes frequency control of micro grids in islanding mode with expected scenarios. Micro grids are able to operate in islanding mode. One of the most important difficulties for micro grid in islanding mode is frequency instability MoreBackground and Objective: This paper proposes frequency control of micro grids in islanding mode with expected scenarios. Micro grids are able to operate in islanding mode. One of the most important difficulties for micro grid in islanding mode is frequency instability or frequency fluctuation. Method: For rapid Frequency Control, power balance between generation and consumption should be provided momentary which can be achieved with ESS like batteries. Battery station with power electronics devices interface (BESS) due to having very fast dynamic response well designed can lead to improve frequency stability via absorption or injection of active power. Normally to achieve maximum usage of battery capacity considering available charge, choosing efficient control method is so crucial. Two different scenarios are considered to prove of efficiency of proposes cooperative control method using MATLAB/SIMULINK software. In the first scenario on islanding mode micro grid is studied in case of load variation but in another scenario both solar panel outage and load variation solar occurrence are simulated. Findings: In both scenarios, the proposed control method is simulated by changing the load and solar cell outflow. It was observed that the frequency oscillations were attenuated by a few tens of seconds and at the same time the battery returned to its minimum value after power was applied. It also keeps the voltage deviations within its normal range. By adjusting the control coefficients, this damping process for frequency fluctuations can be improved. Discussion and conclusion: A new cooperative frequency control method is introduced by combination of frequency control strategy and battery energy storage system via diesel generator attendance, the suggested method presents an efficient method during islanding mode operation of micro grid for frequency fluctuation considering minimum requested power of BESS, provide setting of control coefficients causes improvement of damping rate as well. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
68 - The Effect of Environmental Education on the Amount of Knowledge Level, Attitude and Behavior of Local Society to Protect the Biological Variety (Subject of Study to Reserve Dena Sphere of Living)
Parsa Arameahinia S. Mohammad Shobeiri Maryam LarijaniBackground and Objective: This research, have considered the effect of environment education on the knowledge level, attitude and behavior of local society to protect the biological variety.Method: Research method is experimental partly as a pre-test and post-test by th MoreBackground and Objective: This research, have considered the effect of environment education on the knowledge level, attitude and behavior of local society to protect the biological variety.Method: Research method is experimental partly as a pre-test and post-test by the control group. Statistical society in the research is 10628 families who are living in the place of Dena. Participants were selected by the way of voluntarily sampling and divided in to 2 groups of 30 persons randomly in testing group and control group. The people settle in to testing and control groups. This research used the researcher’s answer sheet that 15 specialized confirmed its apparent and concept and total stability of 30 questions equals to 0/9. Answer sheets were distributed among participants before and after the education and necessary description was explained about this research to them. Then, people in group of control and testing answer the questions. SPSS-21 software used to analysis the data.Findings: Results demonstrated that Environmental education on the level of awareness of local communities has an effect equal to %72 which this amount was meaningful for error level less than 0.01.The results of the second hypothesis showed that Environmental education of local communities has the effect equal to %26 on the variable of attitude, that this was meaningful at the error level less than 0.01.The results of the third hypothesis showed that effectiveness of Environmental education of local communities in Biodiversity protection (Aspect of behavior), is %32 percent.Discussion and Conclusion: Investigation of general hypothesis of research demonstrate that Environmental education has meaningful effect on the level of awareness, attitude and behavior of local communities in Biodiversity protection. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
69 - The Effects of Tree Species on Soil Organic Carbon and Soil Properties in Natural Forest and Plantations of Northern Iran (Case study: Darabkola Forest-Sari)
azam soleimani Seyed Mohsen Hosseini Ali Reza Massah Bavani Mostafa Jafari Rosa FrancavigliaBackground and Objective: One of the things that keep us away from sustainable development is the increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide and consequently the rise in global temperature. Forest ecosystems and their optimal management play an important role in reducing atm MoreBackground and Objective: One of the things that keep us away from sustainable development is the increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide and consequently the rise in global temperature. Forest ecosystems and their optimal management play an important role in reducing atmospheric carbon. Method: In this study, the effects of natural forests and four plantations on the soil organic carbon and soil properties in Darab Kola forest were investigated. Soil samples were collected in 2016 from three depths of 0-20, 20-40 and 40-60 cm. Findings: The results of analysis of variance of soil properties showed that there is a significant difference between the land covers and different depths in most of the studied parameters. Also, soil organic carbon storage at 0-60 cm depth from each of the coatings is reduced as follows: cypress> Alder> Natural forest> Oak> Maple. Discussionand Conclusion: Plantation can play an important role in absorbing carbon dioxide. Of course, different factors such as type of tree species, forestry age and depth of soil, habitat conditions and forestry operations can affect carbon sequestration. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
70 - Create comfort conditions in building by using a hybrid passive cooling system
Mahnoosh Eghtedari Abbas Mahravan Maryam Ansarimanesh ali nouriBackground and Objectives: Increasing fossil fuel consumption in the building, especially in the air conditioning sector, has increased environmental pollution and global warming.In this research, a zero-energy passive system was designed in a warm and dry climate to ve MoreBackground and Objectives: Increasing fossil fuel consumption in the building, especially in the air conditioning sector, has increased environmental pollution and global warming.In this research, a zero-energy passive system was designed in a warm and dry climate to ventilate the building and provide comfortable conditions for people in the summer. This Hybrid Passive Cooling System (HPCS) includes two distinctive systems: the Solar Chimney (SC) and Evaporative Cooling Cavity (ECC).Method: This research experimental-analytical and simulation studied and tested the ability of the system in cooling the building in the warmest month of the year from 9: 00 am to 3:00 pm for ten consecutive days. The air temperature, humidity, and ambient air velocity were measured at the outlet of the evaporative cooling channel and the inlet of the solar chimney.Findings: The findings showed this system could reduce the air temperature by an average of 10 and could increase the air humidity by 34%. Moreover, the air velocity of the SC increased as the air got warm so that the maximum inlet air velocity in the solar chimney reached the highest level (2.8) at 3 pm. In addition. Since the outlet air velocity of the windcatcher rose to 0.41 at 3:00 pm compared to 9:00 am, which is equivalent to an air temperature drop of 3.6, the chamber was in comfort condition by using the hybrid system at 3:00 pm.Discussion and Conclusion: The results show that using a passive hybrid system, the chamber is in comfortable condition from 9:00 am to 3:00 pm. Calculating the cost of constructing and installing a hybrid passive system and comparing it with a water cooler indicates that the proposed is profitable since used, and the return time of the system after running and launching the system.With an increase in the number of people from 1 to 4 people, the room is in comfortable conditions at 9 am and noon, but at 3 pm the room is placed with 4 people out of the comfort zone. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
71 - Investigation the Performance of Glare Indices in Iran's Hot and Dry Climate
mahbubeh pourahmadi mohammadali khanmohamadi farhang mozafarBackground and Objective: Discomfort glare is a common issue in modern building. Glare not only has negative effect on the comfort of occupant but also increases energy consumption in the building. However, still there isn't a robust glare metric, especially about dayli MoreBackground and Objective: Discomfort glare is a common issue in modern building. Glare not only has negative effect on the comfort of occupant but also increases energy consumption in the building. However, still there isn't a robust glare metric, especially about daylighting. Many existing glare indices including DGP (Daylight Glare Probability), DGI (Daylight Glare Index), UGR (Unified Glare Rating), VCP (Visual Comfort Probability), and CGI (CIE Glare Index) focus on evaluating perceived degree of glare intensity. Method: This paper provides recommendations to determine discomfort glare in daylight space based on simulation and questionnaire in Iran and compares five different glare indices. The metrics analyzed are Daylight Glare Index, CIE Glare Index, Visual Comfort Probability, Unified Glare Rating, and Daylight Glare Probability. For assessing these indices, a questionnaire was developed and by reviewing the simulation results and the questionnaire, it was determined which criteria is more applicable under different circumstances. Findings: It is found that DGP yields the most plausible results. UGR has the highest rate for assessing perceptible glare, DGI has acceptable accuracy for assessing imperceptible glare and the best performance of CGI is in intolerable glare scenes. VCP has the least degree of accuracy in each stage. VCP is not suitable for use in calculations of daylight glare. Discussion and Conclusion: Evaluating visual criteria with considering at subject evaluation shows that DGP is the best Index in different level of glare. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
72 - Carbon Stock Estimation of Avicennia Marina (Forssk.) Forest Soil in Bushehr Province
Mostafa Moradi Akbar GhasemiBackground and Objectives: Mangrove forests play an important role in carbon stock, but the amount of carbon stocks in mangrove ecosystems and also different mangrove species are different. Unfortunately, these ecosystems are at dangerous and valuable area of them MoreBackground and Objectives: Mangrove forests play an important role in carbon stock, but the amount of carbon stocks in mangrove ecosystems and also different mangrove species are different. Unfortunately, these ecosystems are at dangerous and valuable area of them have been destroyed recently. Furthermore, no attempt was done to estimate mangrove soil carbon stock in our country. Then, the objective of this study was to estimate A. marina soil carbon stock and compare it with the other mangrove forest in the world and also with other forest ecosystems of the country.Method: 30 soil samples were taken from the depth of 0-20 and 20-50 cm, in summer 2015. Then the carbon stock of each horizon was determined. Furthermore, correlation between soil carbon stock and soil physiochemical properties were determined. Findings: In the present study, the average carbon stocks in 0-20 and 20-50 cm depth were 13.6 and 26.2 tons per hectare respectively. This means the carbon stock in A. marina soil values is 8756 dollars per hectare. Pearson correlation results revealed that soil carbon stock was significantly correlated with total soil nitrogen and electrical conductivity. While, there were no significant correlations between carbon stocks with the rest of studied parameters.Discussion & Conclusion: Finally, we can’t ignore the A. marina had high potential in soil carbon reservation and it can be affected by soil nitrogen and electrical conductivity. Higher soil carbon stock in subsoil compared to the topsoil can be related to the higher soil nitrogen of the subsoil. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
73 - The Effect of Climate Change on Evaporation variations from the chah nimeh reservoirs of sistan
hossein bazzi hossein ebrahimi babak aminnejadBackground and Objective: Evaporation is one of the wasteful methods of water resources in geographical areas and is of special importance in the study of water resources.Material and Methodology: In the present study, databases including Chah Nimeh dam evaporation data MoreBackground and Objective: Evaporation is one of the wasteful methods of water resources in geographical areas and is of special importance in the study of water resources.Material and Methodology: In the present study, databases including Chah Nimeh dam evaporation data and large-scale network data have been prepared. The SDSM model is used to simulate the evaporation of the coming decades under three scenarios: RCP2.6, RCP4.5 and RCP8.5. The basic modeling period is from 1983 to 2005 (23 years)Findings: Comparison of evaporation estimates for the next two time periods and under different scenarios showed that for the time period 2100-2080 scenarios RCP2.6 and RCP8.5 estimated higher values for evaporation. Examination of inputs showed that air temperature, geopotential height and wind indices have the greatest impact on the evaporation of wells in SistanDiscussion and Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the rate of evaporation in the period of increasing 2100-2080 will experience more than 300 mm per year. The greatest increase in evaporation will be in the warm period of the year. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
74 - Environmental investigation of some heavy elements in the intrusive mass of Soungoun copper mine in Varzaqan, North-West of Iran
Ali Shahi Mohammad Poosti Gholamreza Ghadami Mohammad FadaeyanBackground and Objective: Among the most important environmental pollutants are heavy metals that enter the environment from industrial activities such as mining, fuel and energy production, the use of herbicides, cleaners, and urban waste production. The most important MoreBackground and Objective: Among the most important environmental pollutants are heavy metals that enter the environment from industrial activities such as mining, fuel and energy production, the use of herbicides, cleaners, and urban waste production. The most important and valuable natural habitat in the study area is Arasbaran Biosphere Reserve. The purpose of this research is to determine the concentration of heavy elements in Soungoun copper mine, which have the potential of environmental pollution.Material and Methodology: The collected samples after preparation were analyzed by ICP-MS method. Then the geochemical data were statistically analyzed by software such as SPSS. Many univariate and multivariate calculations including: linear correlation, cluster analysis and factor analysis were performed on the database.Findings: Investigations show that the rocks of this area are enriched with elements Te, Mo, Cu, S, As, Sb, Bi, W, Ag, Tl, U, Sn and Pb. Among them, the enrichment of Te, Mo, Cu and S is very impressive. Three groups can be distinguished in the cluster analysis diagram: 1- Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Ni, Be, U, Tl, Co and Fe. 2- Bi, W, Ag, Sn, Cu and As. 3- Sb, Zn, Mn, Pb, Mo and Te. The highest correlation values are observed between Sc-Ti-V, Cr-Ni, Be-U, Co-Fe, Ag-Sn and Sb-Zn elements. The extracted grade of copper and molybdenum in Soungoun complex is 0.61% and 0.01%, respectively, while their average in the studied rocks is 0.73% and 0.0113%, respectively, which are close to each other.Discussion and Conclusion: The formation of sulphide minerals is a factor for the high amount of chalcophile elements in the intrusive mass rocks of Soungoun copper mine. Due to the fact that mining activities may cause the release of heavy and toxic elements into geochemical cycles, design is very important in the matter of extracting minerals and should be done with sensitivity and correct and accurate environmental assessment. Therefore, if the mining site is not restored, it will turn into polluted land and this pollution will cause many changes in the physicochemical properties and pH of the soil. Correct, efficient and dynamic management of the environment must be continuously applied to mining activities so that these activities do not deviate from the path of sustainable and healthy development. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
75 - Measurement and modeling of biomass and carbon storage of root and stump of poplar trees (Populus deltoids)
Javid Bahrian Amir Hossein Foirouzan Ramin Naghdi Seyedarmin HashemiBackground and Objective: Climate change and global warming occur as a result of increasing greenhouse gases that have detrimental effects on human life on the planet, while forests have a very important impact on carbon storage. The purpose of this study was to measure MoreBackground and Objective: Climate change and global warming occur as a result of increasing greenhouse gases that have detrimental effects on human life on the planet, while forests have a very important impact on carbon storage. The purpose of this study was to measure and modeling of biomass and carbon storage of root and stump of Populus deltoids trees in plantations of Langaroud county, Guilan province.Material and Methodology: For this purpose, based on selection sampling method, 93 trees were selected from different diameter classes in spring of 2021 and after cutting and removing the sections, an excavator was used to remove the stumps and roots of the trees from the soil. To estimate the amount of biomass and carbon storage of tree roots and stumps, samples of these organs were fallen down and weighed, and after drying in the oven, the dry weight of the samples was measured. After burning an enough amount of dried samples in electric kiln, the weight of organic matter and carbon of the stump and root samples were obtained. Findings: Results showed that mean of stump and root biomass were 7.99 and 65.5, and mean of stump and root carbon sequestration were 3.92 and 32.32 kg/tree, respectively. The results showed that the obtained models for estimating biomass and carbon storage of stumps and roots using three variables of stump diameter, DBH and volume of trees have a high coefficient of determination, but the model obtained using stump height did not provide an acceptable coefficient of determination. The results showed that the amount of carbon storage in the stumps and roots were 1.568 and 12.928 tons/hectare, respectively. Discussion and Conclusion: The results showed that knowledge of biomass and carbon storage of poplar trees is very important in valuation and management programs for the development of wood farming and the use of these organs to provide part of the needs of the wood industry. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
76 - The effect of membrane structure on the performance of physical models of energy extraction from salinity gradient in Arvand River
Somayeh Khodadadian Elikaiy Kamran Lari Masoud Torabi Azad Abdolreza Sabetahd Jahromi Afshin Mohseni ArastehBackground & Objective: The importance and necessity of discovering renewable energy sources and investing in electrical energy extraction methods is one of the biggest goals of developed and developing countries. Salinity gradient power is the use of the potential MoreBackground & Objective: The importance and necessity of discovering renewable energy sources and investing in electrical energy extraction methods is one of the biggest goals of developed and developing countries. Salinity gradient power is the use of the potential in the concentration difference between two solutions, such as sea salt water and fresh river water, is one of the ways to obtain electrical energy. The electrical energy obtained from the process of salinity gradient power can be a good alternative to produce electrical energy, which is The objectives of this research are the effect of nanostructured membranes on the performance of physical models of energy extraction from the salinity gradient in Arvand River.Material and Methodology: First, by examining the study area, Gibbs energy was calculated and its value was found to be negative. Therefore, the process of extracting energy from the salinity gradient is spontaneous. A physical model based on delayed osmosis pressure (PRO) method was designed and evaluated. The physical model designed with the TFC membrane is a nanostructure in which a difference in height was created by using river water and sea water in laboratory conditions with different concentrations. After designing the PRO and receiving the output from the physical model, the results with the pressure process model Reverse osmosis (RED) was compared. This research was conducted in 2020 using the required data from 2010 to 2018.Findings: By calculating the Gibbs energy in both reverse osmosis (RED) and delayed osmosis (PRO) processes, its value was negative. The designed physical model based on the PRO method was designed with a nanostructured TFC membrane, in which using water 10 ppm river and 50 ppm sea water created the highest amount of flow in laboratory conditions. The amount of potential difference created between the two ends of each cell in the reverse electrodialysis system was calculated according to the concentration ratio of sea water to river water for each hydrometric station and the highest The value for Khorramshahr station is 80 mV. This amount was obtained by using nano technique on the membrane used in this system and the proper design of the cell, which increased the efficiency of the device by 11 percent compared to non-nano membranes.Discussion and conclusion: By examining and comparing these two methods, we come to the conclusion that by obtaining the Gibbs energy in both processes, it is done spontaneously. Both methods of Khorramshahr station have the best efficiency. The advantage of RED compared to PRO is that the electrical energy produced occurs in a lower salinity gradient, while a higher salinity gradient difference is required in the PRO process. By calculating the energy production potential, Khorramshahr station has the highest efficiency. The use of nano-structured membrane has also had a direct effect on the performance of the device in both methods. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
77 - Determining the Optimal Inclination Angle for Atrium Daylighting in Tehran Based on Sun Angles and Climatic Features
Alireza Bagheri mohammadali khanmohammadi Haniyeh SanaieianBackground and Objective: Daylight has a positive effect on people's health, employee productivity and property value. However, with the growth of high-rise buildings in populated cities, access to natural light for the lower floors are challenging. Atrium is one of the MoreBackground and Objective: Daylight has a positive effect on people's health, employee productivity and property value. However, with the growth of high-rise buildings in populated cities, access to natural light for the lower floors are challenging. Atrium is one of the strategies for bringing daylight to these floors. Atrium’s daylight performance can be evaluated before construction thanks to computer simulations. Until now, daylight simulation has been limited to one cloudy sky condition. With the help of new methods of computer simulation of daylight, it is possible to study the effects of sun angles and sky conditions throughout the entire hours of a year. This development has made it possible to apply the direct sunlight component to the simulation and study its impacts of architectural features that are related to it. This study focuses on the effect of the angle of inclination of the inner walls of the atrium on the daylight performance of adjacent rooms.Material and Methodology: Different angles of the atrium in the north and south direction have been studied by the method of "Climate-based daylight modeling" for the city of Tehran. (sDA), (ASE) and (UDI) are daylight metrics which have been used in computer simulations.Findings: The inclination of the inner walls of the atrium at an angle of 20 degrees to the south improves all three criteria mentioned in the lower floors of it. However, the inclination of the atrium walls to the north, not only reduces the daylight in the lower parts, but also increases the glare in the upper floors.Discussion and Conclusion: Although the effect of inclination angle on daylight performance of atrium is not as prominent as other factors, the designer can maximize this effect in the early stages of design, with the correct arrangement and prioritization of spaces to benefit from daylight. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
78 - Determination of Optimal Operation Strategy for CAES in Fluctuating-Hourly Electricity Market with High Renewable Wind Power Penetration (Case Study: Khorasan Regional Electricity Co.)
Mahdi Ghaemi Asl Mostafa Salimifar Mostafa Rajabi Mashhadi Mohammad Hossien Mahdavi AdeliBackground and Purpose: With influx of sustainable and renewable energy with high penetration into the production system, Compressed Air Energy Storage (CAES) could be used for creation of an acceptable adequate and smooth Electricity production system. CAES plants oper MoreBackground and Purpose: With influx of sustainable and renewable energy with high penetration into the production system, Compressed Air Energy Storage (CAES) could be used for creation of an acceptable adequate and smooth Electricity production system. CAES plants operate on electricity markets by storing energy when electricity prices are low and producing electricity when prices are high. An essential condition for the profitability of the CAES in hybrid systems is appropriate strategy for CAES operation about the sale and purchase of energy. This study aimed to determine optimal operating strategy for CAES systems fluctuating-hourly electricity market with high penetration of renewable wind power. Method: In this study, with simulation of production system of Khorasan Regional Electricity Company power plants which among all, the theoretical optimal strategy provides the highest net income for the storage unit. But since the market price of the upcoming hourly-fluctuating market is not pre-determined, two prognostic and historical practical-operational strategies have used for Setting up compressed air energy storage system. Findings: The results show that prognostic and historical practical-operational strategies, on average have 93% and 89% of theoretical optimal strategy s’ net income, respectively, in all six simulated capacities for compressed air energy storage system. Discussion and Counclusion: Based on the results, it is necessary to use power storage in order to increase grid stability and reliability of production in hybrid systems with high renewable power penetration; because a Black-Start must be ready in grid for Possible Black-Out situations which could provide load of grid in the least possible time. Use a CAES could be a great way that not only guarantees reliability and stability of grid in emergencies, but also is economically feasible and have operational suitable profit. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
79 - Study of Hydrogen Adsorption on FeTi and Single-Walled Carbon Nan tube (SWCN) Using Molecular Dynamic Simulation
Reza Alizadeh Parvin NasiriFinding a new method for storage of huge amount of hydrogen gas with the proper safety manners forusing in vehicles and other equipments has attracted the environmental and energy researching centersattention. In this research by using molecular dynamics simulation the MoreFinding a new method for storage of huge amount of hydrogen gas with the proper safety manners forusing in vehicles and other equipments has attracted the environmental and energy researching centersattention. In this research by using molecular dynamics simulation the adsorption isotherms ofmolecular hydrogen on FeTi nano particles system and Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube (SWCN) atseveral temperatures ranging from 60 to 100 K by calculation of Adsorption coverage. Iso-steric heat,and binding energy were studied at different temperatures and pressures. The amount of Hydrogenadsorbed at the pressure: 10 MPa and temperature: 60 K for the first layer on the FeTi nano particleswas gained between0.28 to 0.35 and inside the SWNT in highest chosen diagonal was 0.008.Consequently the FeTi nano particles can be used as a new and suitable material in order to storage thehydrogen gas in fuel cells. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
80 - Technical and environmental evaluation of 24-hour heating and cooling storage system for1 year in non-residential buildings using underground pipes
Isa Khaknezhad ashkan abdalisousanBackground and Objective: Considering the demands on constructing high energy performance buildings, technical solution is needed to be used for decreasing and improving the energy consumption. One of this solutions is underground energy storage that is considered based MoreBackground and Objective: Considering the demands on constructing high energy performance buildings, technical solution is needed to be used for decreasing and improving the energy consumption. One of this solutions is underground energy storage that is considered based on short-term or long-term usage. Method: In this study, a hospital in Tehran city, as a high energy performance building, was investigated. Fluid and heat transfer calculation for heat and cold storage in the building was simulated using MATLAB software for underground pipes. Also heating and cooling loads of the building was calculated by HAP4.5 software and the results were imported to MATLAB software. Then the volume and quality of the 24-hour and seasonal systems and reduction of carbon dioxide emissions were compared. Findings: Heating storage system does not reduce the heating and cooling demand of the building, but application of an underground storage can decrease the amount of bought energy and the subsequent environmental damage. Discussion and Conclusion: The results showed that application of a 24-hour storage system with 15 lines of steel pipes with the length of 600 m and nominal diameter of 3 inches placed in a ground depth of 3 m, yields 67% heating load and 34% cooling load and reduce CO2 emissions by 127 tons per year. However, application of a 1-year storage system with 45 lines of steel pipes with the same specification placed in a ground depth of 5 m, yields 98% heating load and 39.5% cooling load and reduces CO2 emissions by 169.2 tons per year. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
81 - 3
محمود کرمی محمد ابراهیم عامری -
Open Access Article
82 - Guideline for Hazarsous Liguid Waste Designing Disposal Methods by Evaporation Lagoons
Amir Hesam Hasani Amir Hossain Javid Faramarz NaseriOne of the most important issues in environmental science and technology is disposal of hazardous liquid waste, which should be done based on engineering rules and specific standards. Therefore investigation on different ways of disposal is important, considering geogra MoreOne of the most important issues in environmental science and technology is disposal of hazardous liquid waste, which should be done based on engineering rules and specific standards. Therefore investigation on different ways of disposal is important, considering geographic and climate condition and economic status in order to select suitable and optimum approach. In the present research after recognition and classification of hazardous liquid waste, their environmental effects and international standards and rules are investigated, and then different methods of disposal are presented. Considering Irans climate and economic situation, therefore, evaporation lagoon as a technical method of disposal is investigated, and then this system by using Isfahans rain fall and evaporation values (from 1991 to 2000) and assuming waste water maximum flow 14300 m3/year has been designed for a decade and simulated model. According to the results, recommended evaporation pond should be 124 (m) in length, 62(m) in width, 2.5(m) in depth and 1:2 in slope. By controlling the system, maximum depth of waste water in lagoon must be 1.76(m) during operation of 10 years period time. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
83 - The Study of Evaporation in Persian Gulf Using an Air-Sea Interaction Model
Masoud Torabi Azad Afshin Mohseni Arasteh Rezvan Salami Abyaneh Daruish MansoriIn this study, the drag coefficient in Persian Gulf is computed by the Bulk Model and then the rate of evaporation and moisture flux has been computed in the Bushehr station for two dry and rainy years. After some studies it has been realized that the amount MoreIn this study, the drag coefficient in Persian Gulf is computed by the Bulk Model and then the rate of evaporation and moisture flux has been computed in the Bushehr station for two dry and rainy years. After some studies it has been realized that the amount of evaporation is more in summer than winter. The most evaporation has been hold in July. The rate of evaporation and moisture flux has been studied experimentally but it wasn’t successful. So it has been reviewed again because the experimental relation didn’t give the exact information. So the correct coefficient and new experimental relation obtained. The rate of evaporation and moisture flux has been calculated by the use of it, similar to the Bulk Model, the rate of evaporation is more in summer than winter .For more accurate study of the marine information, two months of a year (May and December) has been used as a sample. This study proved the results but there is a little difference between the evaporation in warm and cold months for high accuracy of the marine information. The evaporation has a direct relation with wind speed and temperature. It has been approved in the warm months. The wind speed and temperature is high but in cold months as the wind speed is high but temperature is lower than warm months for higher evaporation in warm months Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
84 - 5
منصور حاجی حسینلو علیرضا گودرزی فرزاد فریدون زاده -
Open Access Article
85 - A Survey of Heat Balancing in the Persian Gulf
Seyed mohammad reza Reissosadat Seyed Hamid Reza Reisso sadatIran is connected to free ocean and other countries through Persian Gulf, Oman Sea and Caspian Sea. Thus, it is necessary to increase practical and scientific knowledge of seas rapidly. Knowing heat distribution in Persian Gulf helps one to forecast weather condition, MoreIran is connected to free ocean and other countries through Persian Gulf, Oman Sea and Caspian Sea. Thus, it is necessary to increase practical and scientific knowledge of seas rapidly. Knowing heat distribution in Persian Gulf helps one to forecast weather condition, predict the habitat of aquatic animals and plants, and provide other accurate information about sea. Generally the total in flow and outflow heat flux of the oceans should be zero; otherwise this oceans will freeze or will be very hot. The heat balance in Persian Gulf is examined in the article. Considering the point that the amount of rain and the inflow water to Persian Gulf is about 90cm/a and evaporation is 213cm/a, therefore, the amount of evaporation is 20-25cm/a more than rain in Persian Gulf annually. Since the Persian Gulf volume of inflow and outflow is 0.186*106 and 0.169*106 m3 /s, the net transfer of heat to this Gulf is 25w/m2. The aim of this article is to explain this extra heat entering Persian Gulf by heat flux terms. The annual mean values of upward heat transfer due to solar radiation, sensible heat, latent heat and infrared radiation fluxes are 245 , -4 , 179 and 92 w/m3 respectively .The result is upward flux of about 22 w/m2 at the sea surface of this Gulf. This is in fair agreement with the extra heat transport in the Persian Gulf. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
86 - Daily Stream Flow Simulation in a Data-Poor Basin
Mohammad Reza Khazaei Bagher Zahabiyoun Bahram SaghafianIntroduction: Rainfall-runoff modeling is one of the keystones of scientific hydrology andenvironmental management. Therefore the researchers continuously try to find new approaches forimprovement of existing models or modeling methodologies.Material and Methods: In thi MoreIntroduction: Rainfall-runoff modeling is one of the keystones of scientific hydrology andenvironmental management. Therefore the researchers continuously try to find new approaches forimprovement of existing models or modeling methodologies.Material and Methods: In this paper, daily stream flow at the outlet of a watershed in southwesternIran was simulated using a conceptual continuous rainfall-runoff model. In encountering with theproblem of poor quality data, required data such as runoff, rainfall and PET were prepared using aspecific approach.Results and Discussion: The results showed that the Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency was 0.80 and thecoefficient of determination was 0.82 during calibration and the Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency was 0.83and the coefficient of determination was 0.83 during validation. Furthermore statistics of observedstream flow were preserved in simulated stream flow. The results showed that this approach issuccessfully applicable for daily rainfall-runoff modeling when the quality of the input data is notadequate Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
87 - The validity of mathematical and computer models for estimating the non-steady evaporation from bare soil surface using evaporation evaluation field operations
Ali Neshat Mansour ParehkarThe main problem for the exact estimation of evaporation in field conditions is the lack of basic relations with the least amount of information needed for considering water loss in water balance models. The main goal of this study is to examine the available methods of MoreThe main problem for the exact estimation of evaporation in field conditions is the lack of basic relations with the least amount of information needed for considering water loss in water balance models. The main goal of this study is to examine the available methods of evaporation calculation from bare soil surface and to suggest the best method. Most of these relations are empirical; to deduce them, simplifying hypotheses have been used to analytically solve the Richard’s equation with relatively constant border and initial conditions which don’t have a physical basis. In regions where the ground water surface is low, the results of these relations do not coincide with reality. Evaporation from bare soil area was calculated through the numerical solution of Richard’s equation in a one-dimension, non-steady form with border and initial conditions different from those of other methods using computer LEACHM model. There is a strong relationship between the results of the computer model and the water balance model carried out using field experiments in certain time intervals and specific areas. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
88 - Effects of the physical properties of building envelopes on heat transfer timelag and decrement factor (Case study: high-rise buildings in Hamadan)
Mahdi Sharifi Vahid Ghobadianreduce environmental pollution and to improve environmental conditions have been the main requirements for building construction. Envelopes are those parts of buildings that have a considerable impact on energy consumption. That is why the study of envelopes behavior is Morereduce environmental pollution and to improve environmental conditions have been the main requirements for building construction. Envelopes are those parts of buildings that have a considerable impact on energy consumption. That is why the study of envelopes behavior is especially important. In addition, heat transfer between the envelopes is the main factor of changes in the internal temperature and affects directly the heating and cooling load and thermal comfort of the interior space. This paper aims to study the thermal behavior of the envelopes in buildings and to achieve transparent envelopes with appropriate function in the buildings of Hamedan. Method: This study has been conducted using an experimental method. The internal temperature and the temperature near the envelope on both inner and outer sides of high-rise buildings with glazed facades in Hamadan have been registered using the environmental measurement tool. According to the obtained data, two parameters of heat transfer time lag and decrement factor have been analyzed. Then, the behavior of the envelopes has been studied by a numerical analogy and logical reasoning. Findings: According to the calculation of the time lag, this study shows that in Hamadan, double glazing has a better performance (50%) than single tempered glazing due to the desirability of longer time lag and less decrement factor. In addition, in terms of heat transfer time lag, glasses with higher thickness and more distance between two layers of double glazing have better performance (16%) than other types of double glazing. Conclusion: The results of this study can be useful to better understand the thermal behavior of the envelopes, as well as to better designing based on the climatic conditions of Hamadan. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
89 - Investigation of Possibility of Fern Application as a Bioindicator of Site Condition in North of Iran (Case study: Kheiroudkenar Noshahr)
Mahta Gholamhossein Assad Allah Mataji Javad Eshaghi Rad Fahimeh SalimpourIntroduction: The study was done in forest of Tehran University in Noshahr. The aim of this study was to investigate the possibility of fern application as bioindicator of site condition and to determine the effective physical and chemical factors of soil on distributio MoreIntroduction: The study was done in forest of Tehran University in Noshahr. The aim of this study was to investigate the possibility of fern application as bioindicator of site condition and to determine the effective physical and chemical factors of soil on distribution range of growing elements. Material & Method: For this purpose, the selective sampling method was used to locate samples, and totally 55 samples were selected in the study area. For floristic studies on herb stratification, parts of an area of 100 m2 (plot size) were determined and the herb layer was recored using modified Braun Blanquet Tables. Soil samples were taken from the center and four corner pieces of the samples, in the depth of 0-20 cm soil horizon, and the physical and chemical properties of soil (moisture saturated, pH, soil texture, lime, phosphorus, total nitrogen percentage, potassium exchange, organic matter percentage) and physiographic factors (height, slope and aspect) were examined. The environmental variables in the analysis (cluster analysis, DCA and CCA) were used to analyze the data in order to determine the relationship between vegetation and plant cover (grass). Result and Discussion: The survey results showed that amon the various physiographic factors (slope, direction and altitude), slope is the most important factor in the establishment of species such as Phylitis scolopendrium and Polystichum aculeatum, and in the absence of two species named Peteridum aquilinum and Pteris cretica direction isthe most important factor in the establishment Asplenium adiantum.Athyrum filix-femina, Phylitis scolopendrium and Polystichum aculeatum are observed where the amounts of acidity, organic matter and slope percentage are high. In other words, establishment of Athyrum filix-femina, Phylitis scolopendrium, and Polystichum aculeatum is influenced by the environmental factors of pH, organic matter and slope percentage. Belechnum Spicant is abserved in the areas withlight soil (sand) and Asplenium adiantum-nigrum and Polystichum aculeatum are observed in the soils with heavy texture (clay). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
90 - Soil organic carbon and soil organic carbon pool in the managed and unmanaged beech-hornbeam stand
Maryam Moslehi Hashem Habashi Ramin Rahmani Hormoz Sohrabi Khosro SaghebtalebiBackground and Objective: In the present study the impact of silviculture activities on soil organic carbon (SOC) and soil organic carbon pool (SOCP) in the mixed beech-carpinus forest located in district one of Shastkolate forest, Golestan province, was investigated. M MoreBackground and Objective: In the present study the impact of silviculture activities on soil organic carbon (SOC) and soil organic carbon pool (SOCP) in the mixed beech-carpinus forest located in district one of Shastkolate forest, Golestan province, was investigated. Method: In the first month of growth season in 2014, from 4 one-hectare treatments, 80 soil samples were randomly collected (up to depth of 20 cm) for organic carbon and coarse fragments estimation and 80 soil sample cylinders were collected for bulk density measurement. Treatments were 3 managed forests (selection system) in time periods of 1, 7 and 10 after the last disturbance and 1 unmanaged forest (control). Amounts of SOC and SOCP in different treatments were compared by one-way variance analysis. Findings: Result showed that the amounts of SOC and SOCP in 4 treatments were different significantly (p< 0.05). Also the highest and the lowest SOC and SOCP were observed in the control and managed treatment 1, respectively. Correlation of soil properties was investigated using Pearson's correlation coefficient. Organic matter, bulk density and fragments had negative correlation (p< 0.01). Control forest, managed treatments 1, 2 and 3 absorbed 280.021, 124.046, 143.497 and 181.298 ton CO2 from atmosphere to store 76.3, 33.8, 39.1 and 49.4 ton carbon in soil in one hectare (0-20 cm), respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
91 - Bank opacity and efficiency of stock prices
Heyedeh Erfani Ali Rahmani Alireza Heidarzadeh HanzaeeThis research investigates the effect of opacity on the delay of the stock price (Tehran stock exchange and Iran Farabourse) reactions in the banks and other companies in Iran Capital Market. The proxy of opacity has been considered the spread (bid – ask gap). Hou MoreThis research investigates the effect of opacity on the delay of the stock price (Tehran stock exchange and Iran Farabourse) reactions in the banks and other companies in Iran Capital Market. The proxy of opacity has been considered the spread (bid – ask gap). Hou and Moskowitz's (2005) model was used to calculate the price delay reaction. Moreover, considering the importance of economic conditions, the impact of periods of boom and stagnation (GDP) on this relationship was also investigated. The research sample consisted of banks listed in Iran Capital Market as well as companies whose market capitalization is equal to 25% of the average market value of banks. The time period was from the beginning of 2009 to the end of September 2016. The hypotheses were tested using panel data. The results indicated a significant relationship between reaction price delay and spread, which confirmed the effect of opacity on the delay price reactions. The results also showed that there is no significant difference between the stock price delay reaction of banks and other companies while there is a significant relationship between economic conditions and delay price reactions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
92 - Developing a model of abnormal audit report lag: origins and consequences
amir yalfani iraj noravesh ghodrat alah talebniya ezat allah asgharizadehThe present study aims to develop a model of abnormal audit report lag, and then to diagnose and study the relationships between the origins and consequences of abnormal audit report lag. The present study uses data from 118 firms from 2012 to 2020 and deploys the data MoreThe present study aims to develop a model of abnormal audit report lag, and then to diagnose and study the relationships between the origins and consequences of abnormal audit report lag. The present study uses data from 118 firms from 2012 to 2020 and deploys the data panel regression model to evaluate the hypotheses. Regarding the abnormal audit report lag, the findings of the present paper show that variables such as modified opinions, auditor size, auditor change, audit fee, firm size, loss, leverage, profitability, bankruptcy risk, and the ratio of fixed assets have a meaningful impact on elucidating the reasons of lag in the issuance of auditors’ report. Therefore, the model in the present paper offers a more comprehensive perspective toward abnormal audit lag by obviating the limits of the previous models. Moreover, the results regarding the origins and consequences show the meaningful positive impact of ownership dispersion and the ratio of independent directors on abnormal audit lag. Consequently, abnormal audit lag negatively affects earnings quality and has a meaningful positive impact on variation in monthly stock returns. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
93 - Price Limit Effects on Stock Prices Behavior: A Contrarian Investment Strategy Approach
Hamid Reza Vakili fard Jalal Seifoddini Arash Abjadpour Hossein MaghsoudPrice limit is a kind of circuit breaker which is used in developing stock exchanges and futures markets to prevent extreme price volatility, price manipulation, and financial crashes. Generally speaking, researchers and market participant usually disagree about price MorePrice limit is a kind of circuit breaker which is used in developing stock exchanges and futures markets to prevent extreme price volatility, price manipulation, and financial crashes. Generally speaking, researchers and market participant usually disagree about price limit application, its efficiency, and optimum range. Pros believe although price limit may delay price discovery, it prevents extreme price volatility and overreaction. On the other hand, cons assert that price limit causes price volatility spillover and intensify investor’s overreaction. Since there is no consensus over the price limit application and efficiency, it is recommended to study this issue using different methods. Therefore, we are trying to study price limit effects in Tehran Stock Exchange using Contrarian Investment Strategy. Our results show that price limit application in Tehran Stock Exchange delays price discovery but has nothing to do with investor’s overreaction. Consequently, it seems that regulators have prevented extreme volatility, although this constraint delays price discovery and reduces market efficiency. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
94 - یک روش مستقیم برای حل معادلات دیفرانسیل تاخیری خطی
E. Zeynal E. Babolian T. Damercheliدر این مقاله، روشهای مستقیم برای حل معادلات دیفرانسیل تاخیری خطی براساس شکل برداری توابع بلاک پالس و توابع مثلثی پیشنهاد شده است. سپس از ماتریس عملیاتی انتگرال گیری توابع بلاک پالس و توابع مثلثی، برای تبدیل معادلات دیفرانسیل تاخیری خطی به یک دستگاه معادلات جبری اس Moreدر این مقاله، روشهای مستقیم برای حل معادلات دیفرانسیل تاخیری خطی براساس شکل برداری توابع بلاک پالس و توابع مثلثی پیشنهاد شده است. سپس از ماتریس عملیاتی انتگرال گیری توابع بلاک پالس و توابع مثلثی، برای تبدیل معادلات دیفرانسیل تاخیری خطی به یک دستگاه معادلات جبری استفاده شده است. بعلاوه برای نشان دادن قابلیت و دقت این روش ها چند مثال ارائه شده است. همچنین تجزیه و تحلیل همگرایی این روش ها بحث شده است. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
95 - روش عددی صریح برای سیستمهای دینامیک غیرموضعی با تأخیردر زمان بر پایه درونیابی اسپلاین مربعی
حسن پنج مینی بهروز پارسا مقدم الهام هاشمی زادهدر این مقاله، روشی صریح برای حل عددی معادلات دیفرانسیل غیرموضعی با تأخیر در زمان ارائه و مورد بررسی قرار می گیرد. در روش ارائه شده، درونیابی اسپلاین مربعی بکار گرفته شده است و خطای روش ارائه شده آنالیز گردیده است. کارایی و اعتبار روش پیشنهادی در مدلهای آیکدا و هاتچینسو Moreدر این مقاله، روشی صریح برای حل عددی معادلات دیفرانسیل غیرموضعی با تأخیر در زمان ارائه و مورد بررسی قرار می گیرد. در روش ارائه شده، درونیابی اسپلاین مربعی بکار گرفته شده است و خطای روش ارائه شده آنالیز گردیده است. کارایی و اعتبار روش پیشنهادی در مدلهای آیکدا و هاتچینسون غیرموضعی تأخیری با استناد مفاهیم خطا و همگرایی روشهای عددی به ازای مقادیر مختلف پارامترهای مرتبه کسری نمایان شده است. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
96 - یک روش عددی سریع براساس توابع ترکیبی تیلور و بلاک پالس برای حل معادلات دیفراسیل تاخیری
مهدی ابلاغی علیرضا وحیدی اسماعیل بابلیاندر این مقاله، یک روش عددی سریع برای یافتن جواب معادلات دیفرانسیل تأخیری غیر خطی با استفاده از توابع ترکیبی چند جمله های تیلور و بلاک پالس پیشنهاد شده است. در ابتدا، برخی از ویژگیهای توابع ترکیبی بلاک پالس و چند جمله های تیلور در فاصله (0,1] معرفی می شوند. در این روش طیف Moreدر این مقاله، یک روش عددی سریع برای یافتن جواب معادلات دیفرانسیل تأخیری غیر خطی با استفاده از توابع ترکیبی چند جمله های تیلور و بلاک پالس پیشنهاد شده است. در ابتدا، برخی از ویژگیهای توابع ترکیبی بلاک پالس و چند جمله های تیلور در فاصله (0,1] معرفی می شوند. در این روش طیفی، ماتریس های عملیاتی مشتق، انتگرال و ضرایب ماتریس محاسبه و استفاده می شوند. بر اساس این توابع قطعه ای ، معادلات دیفرانسیل تاخیری را به دستگاه معادلات جبری خطی یا غیر خطی تبدیل می کنیم. همچنین، آنالیز و تحلیل خطا برای روش نیز ارائه شده است. در انتها ، مثالهای عددی نشان می دهند روش پیشنهادی جدید در مقایسه با سایر روشهای دیگر از دقت و کارایی بالایی برخوردار است. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
97 - Analysis of the amount of natural light and the effect of photovoltaic cells in green educational buildings using the native architecture of Gilan (Case study: Imam Ali Boys' High School, Rasht)
saeed azemati kimia jamshidzadehBackground and Objective: Using natural light during the day is known as a suitable means to reduce artificial lighting in non-residential buildings. Traditional Iranian architecture is one of the symbols of sustainable architecture, which has responded to the optimizat MoreBackground and Objective: Using natural light during the day is known as a suitable means to reduce artificial lighting in non-residential buildings. Traditional Iranian architecture is one of the symbols of sustainable architecture, which has responded to the optimization of energy consumption, both in terms of low initial price and low current and functional price of the building. Weather conditions and living environment are very important parameters in the design of buildings that are provided to create a suitable space for human comfort. In this research, the main goal is the effect of the depth of the porch, the dimensions of the openings and the effect of the photovoltaic cell on the amount of natural lighting in the classroom. Material and Methodology: At first, Climate Consultant software was used to check the annual radiation level of Rasht city. With the help of this software and using the weather data of the city of Rasht, the annual radiation diagram of this city is checked and then based on the building specifications including; Physical structure, users, as well as annual weather data hour by hour, the location of the building, taking into account all the conditions, especially the accuracy and validity of the results of the calculation algorithms, two software Builder Design and DIALux for simulating Construction was selected. Findings: According to the surveys, the maximum range of light required in the classrooms is between 2150-1614 lux, while the light received by the investigated building is more than the maximum range. Discussion and Conclusion: The outputs of the software show that the presence of a porch with a shallow depth can be very effective in creating a filter to prevent the entry of high intensity of light and creating glare in the space. If the current classrooms require a significant amount of artificial light source. Also, the analysis shows that in the first floor, due to the use of photovoltaic cells, we see more lighting. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
98 - Evaluation of the Application 24-hours heating and cooling storage system for non-residential buildings by using underground pipes and its effect to reduce energy consumption and CO2 emissions
Isa Khaknezhad Ashkan AbdalisousanDue to increasing demand for high-energy buildings, technical solutions are required to use it optimally and minimum energy consumption. Thus, investigation on solution that can decrease the amount of energy and as a result GHG emissions following is needed. One of the MoreDue to increasing demand for high-energy buildings, technical solutions are required to use it optimally and minimum energy consumption. Thus, investigation on solution that can decrease the amount of energy and as a result GHG emissions following is needed. One of the solution is based on underground energy storage that used mainly 24-hour. Heat is stored during day and extracted during night. Heating and cooling demand of the building is not reduced, but using an underground storage can decrease the amount of energy that has to be bought and Environmental degradation. In this investigate, the hospital considered in Tehran City, representing high energy performance buildings, heat transfer and fluid calculation for heat and cold storage is simulated with MATLAB program for underground pipes. Also heating and cooling load of the building calculated with HAP4.5 program and results are imported to MATLAB program, then system volume, ground response and reducing carbon dioxide emissions are studied. The result of this survey showed that, by using 24-hour storage system during a year, which has 15 line of steel pipeswith 600 meters length and nominal diameter of 3 inches where placed in 3 meters ground depth, 67% of heating load and 34% of cooling load can be met and CO2 emissions reduced 127 ton per annum. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
99 - Planning and zonning for Harra biosphere reserve according to international scales (with emphasis on Qeshm island) using GIS
Hassan ali Laghai Masoud Monavari Bashir RaisiAs the aim of this research was optimum use offield area ,along with goals of biosphere reservestatutory frame work, the ecological and socioeconomicalinformation sources, and systematicanalysis method, and GIS technology were usedto zone the area. Since the area lack s MoreAs the aim of this research was optimum use offield area ,along with goals of biosphere reservestatutory frame work, the ecological and socioeconomicalinformation sources, and systematicanalysis method, and GIS technology were usedto zone the area. Since the area lack specifictopographic changes and other noticeable factors,gradient, altitude, direction and also unifiedtopographic map which were usually used in theassessment of ecological capacity of terrestrialecosystem have not been used in this study. Andinstead, biological and socio-economical factorsand three functional roles of biosphere reserves(conservation, development and logistic) anddefinition related to each zone has been considered.Finnally, it was selected three core zone, onesurrunding buffer zone and two transition zoneswhich there have been delineated 28983 ha oftotal surface area of Harra biosphere reserve ascore zone, 50156 ha as buffer zone, and 7694 ha astransition zone. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
100 - A review on Phytoremediation of heavy metals contaminated soils
Mohammad Reza Naderi Abdolrazagh Danesh-Shahraki Rezvan NaderiHeavy metals toxicity and their accumulation in food chains is one of the main environmental and healthful problems in current modern societies. Although, remediation of metal-contaminated soils is possible by chemical, physical and biological techniques, but chemical a MoreHeavy metals toxicity and their accumulation in food chains is one of the main environmental and healthful problems in current modern societies. Although, remediation of metal-contaminated soils is possible by chemical, physical and biological techniques, but chemical and physical methods of metal-contaminated lands remediation are costly, time consuming and environment destructive. Hence, in current years scientists and engineers to think of design and development of biological techniques that be able to modify heavy metals-contaminated sites without to have evil effects on soil fertility and biodiversity. The phytoremediation is an environment friendly and green technology that is cost effective and energetically inexpensive. This technology is included the use of plants and their associated microorganisms for elimination or stabilization of toxic contaminants such as heavy metals. In this article, we have a brief review on phytoremediation technology and its various techniques. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
101 - Estimation for potato products water requirement in Torbat Heidariyah region and determining the actual Evapotranspiration based on the reference Evapotranspiration
Gholamabas Fallahgh ghalhari Mohammad baaghideh Hasan RezaeiPotato is a tuberous product with important value in food supply for world and because of high efficiency per surface unit; it has higher energy and protein per surface unit than wheat and rice. In order to increase the plantation of potato prevention of water waste is MorePotato is a tuberous product with important value in food supply for world and because of high efficiency per surface unit; it has higher energy and protein per surface unit than wheat and rice. In order to increase the plantation of potato prevention of water waste is essential. One effective way to the purpose of this investigation is a well programmed irrigation protocol which is achievable an exact estimation of the need of the plants for Water requirement. The applicable equation to estimate Evapotranspiration does not use the same climate parameters and due to the practical entity of this process they are not applicable for all climate conditions. Thereby, there has to be a suitable equation to be used in each region. To reach this goal, in this study, by the aid of data collected from Torbat Heidariyah weather station, the amount of real Evapotranspiration has been calculated using correlation coefficient and compared with the reference Evapotranspiration (F-P-M).The results show that the amount of Evapotranspiration is 2/63 times more than the mean precipitation in growing season. It means that the plants have been using their moisture storage to accomplish their Evapotranspiration. In order to replenish the moist content in plants irrigation is essential. Using the Cropwat method, potato need for water supply was estimated 803/1mm from the beginning of implantation to the end of harvesting and the estimation of the amount of water to supply this need is equal to 741/9mm. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
102 - Estimation of reference crop evapotranspiration (ET0) at synoptic stations of Tehran province
Elham ModiriEvapotranspiration is one of the critical parameters in an interdisciplinary topic between agriculture and hydrology. Thus, the accurate estimate of evapotranspiration can reduce the casualties of water resources and cause proper management in planning. In this study, t MoreEvapotranspiration is one of the critical parameters in an interdisciplinary topic between agriculture and hydrology. Thus, the accurate estimate of evapotranspiration can reduce the casualties of water resources and cause proper management in planning. In this study, the standard FAO penman- monteith method is used to estimate the evapotranspiration of the refrence crop (ET0) in Tehran province for selected synoptic stations. Some studies show that in case of high temperature, the wind speed performs an important factor in increasing values of evapotranspiration. The lowest annual reference crop evapotranspiration in synoptic station north of Tehran with an average temperature of 15.6 degrees celsius high it is estimated the average 1160 mm. While Abali stations and Firouzkooh respectively 8.6 and 9 ° C mean annual temperature, 1180 and 1220 mm annual evapotranspiration values experience. The annual evapotranspiration reference plant in Doushan Tappeh station with average annual temperature of 18 °C, About1425 mm. The most important factor in reducing evaporation and transpiration synoptic station in northern Tehran and Doushan Tappeh with average annual temperature is much higher, Wind speed in this station. The maximum value of evapotranspiration estimated around 1700 and 1680 mm in geophysics station and then Mehrabad Airport stations respectively. Approximately, 75% of the annual reference crop evapotranspiration has been occurred from April to September. Also, the maximumvalue of evapotranspiration is observed between June and September, and the minimum is seen from November to Februaey in alla station. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
103 - A Comparative Study of the Effects of Patriotism in the Poems of Khairuddin Zarkoli and Ahmad Shoghi
fatemeh GHAJARI enayatolah fatehinejhadIn this article, we have comparatively studied the manifestations of patriotism in the poems of Khairuddin Zarkoli and Ahmad Shoghi. The research method is library and its type is analytical-descriptive. The results of the research show that although these two poets hav MoreIn this article, we have comparatively studied the manifestations of patriotism in the poems of Khairuddin Zarkoli and Ahmad Shoghi. The research method is library and its type is analytical-descriptive. The results of the research show that although these two poets have always paid special attention to the subject of patriotism in their poems, but the frequency of patriotism-related themes in Zarkoli poems is higher than Shoghi poems. In addition, Shoghi has not reacted to the Palestinian issue. Of course, in addition to these differences, there are many commonalities in the field of attention of the two poets to the subject of patriotism. Zarkali has paid attention to the issue of patriotism throughout his life, but Shoghi was not very sensitive to political issues as long as he was in court, and in the later stages of his life, he increasingly paid attention to the issue of patriotism and related topics. Has shown interest. Zarkali loves his homeland more than Shoghi, and this can be cited and inferred due to the remarkable reflection of the issue of grief of homelessness in Zarkoli's poems. Both poets believe that the only way to save nations is national and regional unity. Of course, Zarkali has paid special attention to the issue of Palestine, but Shoghi has not paid much attention to this issue. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
104 - Comparative study of musical space of Siniyeh Showghi and Bolkhayr
Reza Soleyman Zadeh Najafi Bakhtiyar Mojaz Davood Zarin PoorPoets’ interaction in their content and style is common in the world literature and Arabic literature is also not excluded. Bohtori’s Siniyeh has always been considered by scholars and poets. Among these AhmedShowghi, the contemporary poet, has fol MorePoets’ interaction in their content and style is common in the world literature and Arabic literature is also not excluded. Bohtori’s Siniyeh has always been considered by scholars and poets. Among these AhmedShowghi, the contemporary poet, has followed him in the style and content and Omar Abdullah Bolkhayr has followed both the poets before him and has left a beautiful Siniyeh. Undoubtedly a discussion on various aspects of Showghi’s “Siniyeh” and Bolkhayr’s one is a necessary matter. Here are some questions this study seeks to answer them: How has these two poets’ art been shown regarding the music? How has the appropriateness of content with rhythm, frequency of words and musical augmenters been in these works? Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
105 - A Study on Important Preaching and Educational Issues in Abū Saʿīd Abū'l-Khair and Molana's Works
Fares Sharifi Mahnaz Bazgir Mansoureh Sabet ZadehSince preaching assembly is known as one of the cultural – educational gatherings among Sufis, a preacher spoke with preaching asd advisory subject for the attendants and audiences; the assemble was called meeting. The aim of this paper is to be informed of Sufi's MoreSince preaching assembly is known as one of the cultural – educational gatherings among Sufis, a preacher spoke with preaching asd advisory subject for the attendants and audiences; the assemble was called meeting. The aim of this paper is to be informed of Sufi's meetings, their quality and being familiar with the sermon language as well as knowing the subjects in such meetings. The emphasis of the research is on "Abū Saʿīd Abū'l-Khair's manners and speeches", "Molana's seven meetings" and "Manaqeb Al Aarefin". A survey on the general style of the mentioned meetings as well as Molana and Abū Saʿīd Abū'l-Khair's speech content has been done. The abovementioed Sufis are the ones who make great changes and internal evolutions in many people. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
106 - Sunnite's enjoyment of Ahl Al Beit in Quranic Sciences
Marziyeh Okati Gholam Reza Razavi Doust Ibrahim NouriAhl Al Beit has left precious and priceless traditions such as Quranic science issues. Sunnite scholars also have enjoyed them differently. The present paper – after studying Sunnite's Quranic science books – analyzes and divided Sunnite scholars' enjoyment MoreAhl Al Beit has left precious and priceless traditions such as Quranic science issues. Sunnite scholars also have enjoyed them differently. The present paper – after studying Sunnite's Quranic science books – analyzes and divided Sunnite scholars' enjoyment of Ahl Al Beit. The enjoyments are divided in the following categories: preference enjoyment – which shows the preference of Ahl Al Beit's traditions than others. Citing enjoyment which cites the accuracy of Ahl Al Beit's words. Approval, critical and ignorance enjoyment are other types and comes to the conclusion that the Sunnites scholars have enjoyed Ahl Al Beit traditions variously. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
107 - Investigating the relationship between the oaths of God, the holy world and the permission of seizure relying on the Qur'an
Saeed Emami Mahnaz EsfandObviously, we swear by what is important, respected and honored to us. Because God has spoken to human beings in their own language, they have sworn to different phenomena such as tin, olive, night, day, etc. in the holy verses in different places. We live in a world th MoreObviously, we swear by what is important, respected and honored to us. Because God has spoken to human beings in their own language, they have sworn to different phenomena such as tin, olive, night, day, etc. in the holy verses in different places. We live in a world that has a special sanctity. In this article, we have tried to determine that we live in a holy world whose creator has sworn and sanctified all its phenomena according to the sanctity of the world by God and through its various parts; Therefore, we do not own anything by ourselves and we cannot seizure the world without God's permission. But God has given us this permission in several stages. The general cases of permission include the following: the importance of human existence as the Caliph of God; Also, legal and illegal things that have been stated in the Shari'a and the verses related to the implicit permission for man to conquer the world. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
108 - تاثیر آموزش راهبردهای یادگیری خودگردان مبتنی بر مدل پینتریچ بر تأخیر در رضایتمندی تحصیلی و خودناتوان سازی تحصیلی دانش آموزان دارای اهمال کاری تحصیلی
فاطمه بیان فر -
Open Access Article
109 - The damages of debt payment delay resulting from civil liability
Ali Azizi ebrahim delshad maaref Mahdi MirdadashiThis thesis applies an attempt to find out whether the damages of payment delay include debts resulting from civil responsibility with the article 522 Gh. A. D.M. In this regard, we faced to two basic questions and tried to have persuasive answers to them. Some believe MoreThis thesis applies an attempt to find out whether the damages of payment delay include debts resulting from civil responsibility with the article 522 Gh. A. D.M. In this regard, we faced to two basic questions and tried to have persuasive answers to them. Some believe that the damages of payment delay belong to debts resulting from civil responsibility because debt should be paid in all situations and there should be no distinction. According to the principle of the full compensation for damages in civil liability, the damages of debt payment delay resulting from civil liability can be claimable. Others consider the claim of such damages undue. Among these two points of views, it can be believed that the damages of payment delay include debts resulting from civil liability. However, the beginning of payment delay estimation is not the time of damages occurrence, but it is the time of issuing court judgment that has acquired the conditions of civil liability implementation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
110 - Setting Deadlines in Contract Options: The Extent of Exercise of the Right of Annulment and the Authority of Decision Judgment in a Lawsuit
Abolfazl Amani mehtarlo Esmat al-Sadat Tabatabaei Lotfi Nasrin KarimiContract option refers to the right of annulment, in which setting deadlines plays a vital role concerning the rights of parties involved in contract. In some options that form the basis of contract (such as conditional option), unawareness about contract deadline, or f MoreContract option refers to the right of annulment, in which setting deadlines plays a vital role concerning the rights of parties involved in contract. In some options that form the basis of contract (such as conditional option), unawareness about contract deadline, or failure to set it, may invalidate contract. In other types of options, the contract remains valid if the option is not practiced in its due time. Although jurisprudence and law have discussed the time span for options, there are always challenges in determining whether the options have been applied within the deadline. In the present study, all types of options have been independently described and analyzed in three categories: urgent, unidentified urgent and non-urgent. At the appointed time, the deadline may be determined based on agreement or a prescription of law. The authority in litigations is expert judgment, especially for urgent and common non-urgent cases, and doubtful situations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
111 - Recent developments in the Middle East and National Security of the Islamic Republic of Iran
عباس مکرمی mohomod sotodeh araniEstablishment of National security and protecting the country from external threats, is one of the most important foreign policy goals (including Iran). While national security is affected by the internal structures and processes, in direct contact with the surrounding MoreEstablishment of National security and protecting the country from external threats, is one of the most important foreign policy goals (including Iran). While national security is affected by the internal structures and processes, in direct contact with the surrounding environment factors and regional environment. Therefore, knowledge of the local environment and its evolution, could be an important step in strengthening and maintaining the country's security. In this article in addition to I answer the main question that the most important factor for regional influence on national security mean? With using analytical_descriptive method, and inspired by the views of David. Lake and Patrick M. Morgan, on regional arrangements, first I try to express most important factors for change in the Middle East discipline. Then addition to evaluating recent developments in the Middle East, I explain the Strategy to strengthen and maintain the security of Iran. And check the hypothesis that the change in the local power structure and efforts to shape the new regional order, has the greatest impact on the Iran's security environment and by using the strategy of defense diplomacy, security threats can be controlled And to achieve an appropriate level of regional and national security. For this purpose build trust, détente and negotiations and relations between Armies, by the military diplomats, have high priority to establish order and security in the region and protect national security of the country. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
112 - An Analytical Comparison of Justice in Plato's Political Philosophy and John Rawls (With an emphasis on the theory, for example, of Plato)
حبیب عشایریIn the city of Utopia, the Platonic hierarchy is characterized by the degree of knowledge that individuals possess. Hence, the rulers are representatives of "Intuitive Science" and are the guardians of their residents, and they analyze the issues and direct guidance of MoreIn the city of Utopia, the Platonic hierarchy is characterized by the degree of knowledge that individuals possess. Hence, the rulers are representatives of "Intuitive Science" and are the guardians of their residents, and they analyze the issues and direct guidance of the people's thoughts. Ordinary people also suffice for the faithful beliefs learned by the scholars. On this basis, Plato believes that the masses of the people hardly and the strength of the bronze, the class of assistant guardians, such as valuable silver and rulers like gold, are scarce. The city of Plato is a city of wise men, brave, selfish and righteous. Therefore, the establishment of a rule of justice in the soul will mean that the two powers of anger and lust under the rule of reason of the process to a perfectional order embrace all human existence. The John Rawls Justice Theory, which lies in the Cantonese tradition, focuses on the structure of society and its constituent institutions. The essence of his thoughts is justice as fairness. In short, fairness relates to the ethical approach to the principles of justice and justice to fair decision making. The method of this research is descriptive and analytic. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
113 - beauty magnet A look at sadis acsthesties in his lyrics
toraj aghdaii -
Open Access Article
114 - Morphology of Kheir o Shar tale based on Propp’s theory
Tahereh IshanyJG -
Open Access Article
115 - ‘‘Elegance observes but Elegance’’ Sheikh Mahmoud Shabestari’s Vision on the most Elegant System
Majid Noorikhkgkhkg Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
116 - Morphology of the Story of “Zahhak” in Shahnameh and the Story of “Ravana” in Ramayana (The Fight between the Good and the Evil)
Elyas Nooraei Soghra Bavandpour -
Open Access Article
117 - A Study of Forough Farokhzad’s Poems from the Perspective of Lacan’s Theories of “Gaze” and “Mirror Stage”
Saeed Yazdani Haleh CheraghiIn his theory of “mirror stage,” Lacan focuses on the fundamental role played by the mirror image in the development of man’s psyche. He refers to the importance of mirror image in the social and linguistic identity of the individuals. From Lacan&rsquo MoreIn his theory of “mirror stage,” Lacan focuses on the fundamental role played by the mirror image in the development of man’s psyche. He refers to the importance of mirror image in the social and linguistic identity of the individuals. From Lacan’s perspective, man’s “gaze” is superior to that of the woman. Man’s “gaze” deals with the woman as the one who is endowed with a more inferior place than that of the former. The other concept considered in this article is the concept of “gaze,” that has an affiliation with Lacan’s theory of “mirror stage”. The author has made an attempt to study the impact of Lacanian “gaze” and “mirror stage” on Farrokhzad’s poem, using analytical-descriptive method. Since Forough’s poems have romantic characteristics and they reflect her own feelings and thoughts, thus this article can provide an important ground for offering better attitude towards Forough’s poems. The main research questions used in this article is how we can establish a relationship between Lacanian “gaze” and “mirror stage” and Forough’s poems. The results indicate that Forough has intended to challenge an identity ascribed to het by society and literary traditional through her poems; she intended to attain her real self. For the purpose, she could make use of mirror as metaphor, and like many other modern poets, present her feminine subjectivity and identity using “mirror image” and “gaze”. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
118 - Unity and duality in Shahnameh and Mazdayasna religion
Iraj Mehraki Sara Ajali -
Open Access Article
119 - Increase Flexibility and Improve Resilience in Smart Microgrids by Coordinating Storage Resources and Distributed Generation During Contingencies
Mohsen Gholami Mehrdad MallakiThe microgrid inertia as a result of tiny structure and barely tolerance variations, is fairly low. Thus, the maintenance of voltage stability and frequency specifically in islanded mode is extremely demanding. Even if these products have efficient control system, they MoreThe microgrid inertia as a result of tiny structure and barely tolerance variations, is fairly low. Thus, the maintenance of voltage stability and frequency specifically in islanded mode is extremely demanding. Even if these products have efficient control system, they can’t retain microgrid stability due to the low speed of response in primary sources of energy and communication delays of the links between outer unit and control system in distributed generation. Introducing a structure of fuzzy control arranged with neural network to balance between generation part and consumption part in micro grid is the main purpose of this paper. Using the fuzzy logic, this controller enables flexible operation of microgrids in both network and islanded modes. In the proposed control system, a trainable neural network in different operating conditions is responsible for fine tuning of the fuzzy logic system. Because of the sensitivity of the loads in the microgrid the proposed structure is designed to interact with the storage source in order to increase the response speed to the imbalance between production and consumption. This might prevent excessive voltage and frequency deviation, especially in the severe situations. With this controller, fluctuations in the production of renewable resources quickly compensated without a negative impact on resilience and instability of the microgrid, especially while disconnecting from the main network Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
120 - Design of Low Power Single-Bit Full-Adder Cell Based on Pass-Transistor Logic
Mehdi Sayyaf Abdolrasool Ghasemi Roozbeh HamzehyanIn today's electronic and digital world, increasing demand for portable systems has led the electronics industry and chip design technology to reduce power consumption methods, and therefore power consumption has become an important criterion in this field. Also, increa MoreIn today's electronic and digital world, increasing demand for portable systems has led the electronics industry and chip design technology to reduce power consumption methods, and therefore power consumption has become an important criterion in this field. Also, increasing the speed of chips and reducing the propagation delay of circuits has always been an important goal of digital design engineers. Since the Adder element is one of the important elements in many digital systems, so today various Adders with different technologies and design approaches have been proposed, each of which has certain advantages and disadvantages. This paper presents a low-power single-bit full-adder cell design that is based on pass-transistor logic.This circuit is used in the arithmetic logic units of digital signal processors and also in several electronic and digital communication systems that operate within the frequency range of in 1GHz. The proposed cell exploits the pass transistor techniques and XOR-XOR structures to improve the design parameters namely power consumption, propagation delay, power–delay product, and the number of transistors. The proposed circuit is designed using 180nm CMOS technology and the simulation results show that for a supply voltage of 1.8V, the power consumption, delay, and power–delay product have been achieved as 83 W, 89ps, and 7fJ respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
121 - Virtual Inertia Control of Microgrid Consisting of Low Inertia Resources
Sahar Roudi Reza Ebrahimi Mahmood Ghanbari Soheil RanjbarIn this paper, an adaptive concept of virtual generator based controller for dynamic stability of microgrids consisting of low inertia resources. For this purpose, considering a set of energy storage systems dispatched in the network, a controlled islanding scheme MoreIn this paper, an adaptive concept of virtual generator based controller for dynamic stability of microgrids consisting of low inertia resources. For this purpose, considering a set of energy storage systems dispatched in the network, a controlled islanding scheme is provided to dynamically control the microgrid frequency. In this context, based on the concept of center of inertia, the proposed virtual generator scheme is developed through mathematical formulation. Also, from the Inter-area torques evaluated by microgrid control areas in the center of inertia frame are used as input signals of the developed virtual generator based controller. For the energy storage systems, an equivalent dispatch model is provided and developed through the microgrid dynamic model for improving frequency stability during inter-area oscillations. The proposed virtual generator-based controller is an online and non-model-based scheme which controls several microgrid systems together as an integrated network connected to the upstream network. In order to evaluate the ability of the proposed scheme, realtime simulations are carried out on one test system consisting of several microgrids. Numerical results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme in increasing system inertia constant resulting in a proper dynamic performance with a high damping ratio in facing severe inter-area oscillation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
122 - Improving Storage in Distributed Cloud Data Centers by Increasing Reliability Using Collective Intelligence Algorithms
Alireza Chamkoori Serajdean KatebiData security and privacy in data centers is an important issue. The major anxiety in security and privacy is the result of the fact that the topography of important operas can be available to sensitive information. To improve storage in distributed cloud data centers, MoreData security and privacy in data centers is an important issue. The major anxiety in security and privacy is the result of the fact that the topography of important operas can be available to sensitive information. To improve storage in distributed cloud data centers, the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm has been used to copy data between data centers. This paper summarizes the objectives and constraints of the cloud storage problem in order to achieve good performance by considering the shortest data transmission distance, obtaining optimal storage in distributed data centers with reliability based on PSO algorithm between two central data sets. And then it provides an intelligent cryptographic approach that cloud service operators cannot directly access partial data. Numerical results show that the proposed method can provide a good cloud storage strategy when the number of distributed data centers is equal, the defense of the main threats in the clouds can be done effectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
123 - Evaluation of Temperature, Disturbance and Noise Effect in Full Adders Based on GDI Method
Hashem Arfavi Seyed Mohammadali Riazi Roozbeh HamzehyanIn this paper, we limit our attention to full adders based on the GDI method, circuits that are commonly used in high-speed circuits and are more prone to noise. So far, a comprehensive review on noise immunity and ambient temperature change of full adders based on the MoreIn this paper, we limit our attention to full adders based on the GDI method, circuits that are commonly used in high-speed circuits and are more prone to noise. So far, a comprehensive review on noise immunity and ambient temperature change of full adders based on the GDI method has not been presented, and most of the studies have compared their proposed design with other full adders, which are mainly not based on the GDI method. These full adder cells were evaluated by various simulations such as supply voltage change, capacitive load change, ambient temperature change and process-voltage-temperature (PVT) changes in 45 nm CMOS technology. A noise immunity curve (NIC) was derived for full adder cells to identify better-performing full adder cells. The unity noise gain (UNG) was also investigated to evaluate the noise. Finally, a comprehensive comparison was made in terms of propagation delay, power consumption, power-delay product (PDP), voltage swing, sensitivity to process changes and noise for full adders based on the GDI method. The obtained results can be useful in the decisions of integrated circuit designers to choose the appropriate structure of the full adder based on the GDI method Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
124 - Management of large energy storage power plants: optimization of charging and discharging with cuckoo search algorithm
Behnam Motalebinejad Majid Hosseina Mojtaba Vahedi Mahmoud Samiei MoghaddamThey are directly integrated into smart distribution networks and can supply stored energy during peak demand periods, while absorbing and storing energy during periods of low demand. This capability helps maintain a balance between supply and demand in power grids, pre MoreThey are directly integrated into smart distribution networks and can supply stored energy during peak demand periods, while absorbing and storing energy during periods of low demand. This capability helps maintain a balance between supply and demand in power grids, preventing voltage fluctuations and the inability to meet peak loads during high-demand hours. Thanks to technological advancements, it is now possible to upgrade large-scale energy storage facilities. The modern architecture and technology of these facilities facilitate the efficient utilization of renewable energy sources, significantly reducing energy costs and increasing energy efficiency. Additionally, through the use of artificial intelligence algorithms and optimization techniques, the performance and operations of large-scale energy storage facilities can be enhanced. This article focuses on the management of large-scale energy storage facilities, introducing innovative measures that include constraints on the number of charge and discharge processes. Furthermore, the use of the advanced Fakete search algorithm is employed as a powerful and efficient method for solving the proposed model. This algorithm has the capability to find global optimal solutions and can significantly improve the efficiency and profitability of large-scale energy storage facilities. Simulation results demonstrate that adopting this approach in managing large-scale energy storage facilities leads to significant economic impacts. These impacts include reduced energy costs, increased efficiency, greater independence from fossil fuel resources, the preservation of grid stability, and improved performance of the power transmission system. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
125 - Optimization of random scheduling combining wind farm and storage pumps in the electricity market
Mehdi Parham Saeedullah MortazaviOne of the basic characteristics of wind energy is its many changes and prediction problems that can cause problems even in short-term power grid planning. One solution to this problem is to use a water storage pump that can compensate for the energy imbalance of a sys MoreOne of the basic characteristics of wind energy is its many changes and prediction problems that can cause problems even in short-term power grid planning. One solution to this problem is to use a water storage pump that can compensate for the energy imbalance of a system in the event of a shortage or increase in wind energy. In this paper, the optimization of wind farm and storage pump combination planning in the electricity market has been done. The optimization algorithm is modeled in two stages with random market prices and wind energy production. The simulation results show the efficiency of the proposed model in network planning to meet the needs of subscribers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
126 - Design of high linearity large dynamic-range delay-element for low-voltage low-power applications
آتنا Varzandeh Esfahani S. M Fahmideh AkbarianDesigning a high efficiency delay-element is a challenge for low-power low-voltage digital circuits. The delay element circuit has a considering effect on efficiency of low-voltage digital circuits. In sub-micron technologies that lowering the power and the voltage of t MoreDesigning a high efficiency delay-element is a challenge for low-power low-voltage digital circuits. The delay element circuit has a considering effect on efficiency of low-voltage digital circuits. In sub-micron technologies that lowering the power and the voltage of the systems is essentially required, design of a highly linear large dynamic range delay element is an important issue for designers. In this paper high linearity delay element is proposed employing the sub-threshold source coupled logic (STSCL) circuits. The presented circuit has a considerable controlling of the delay value by a control voltage. Improvements of dynamic-range and the linearity of the circuit show the operation of the delay element in sub-threshold region. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
127 - Analysis of the effect of changes of FINs Architectural on FINFET Drain current and on Average Power Dissipation and Propagation Delay in the Hybrid-CMOS full adder
Teimoor Rashedzadeh Seyed Mohammad Ali Riyazi Najmeh Cheraghi ShiraziIn this paper, full adder circuit with Hybrid-CMOS logic style is proposed which is a combination of pass transistors and transmission gates and N & P type transistors. For design full adder circuitry using FINFET transistors, BSIM-CMG model, Dual-gate and bulk FINF MoreIn this paper, full adder circuit with Hybrid-CMOS logic style is proposed which is a combination of pass transistors and transmission gates and N & P type transistors. For design full adder circuitry using FINFET transistors, BSIM-CMG model, Dual-gate and bulk FINFET structure using 16nm Gate length and HSPICE simulation. due to the structure and architecture of the FINFET transistors, the effect of changes in thickness and height and the number of FINs on the Drain current of the FINFET transistor and output parameters such as average power dissipation and propagation delay of the full adder cell and also the effect of changes in inputs frequency of full adder are investigated. According to the simulation results, with increasing thickness and height and the number of FINs, average power dissipation increases and propagation delay decreases, and vice versa. As well as increasing the operating frequency up, average power dissipation increases. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
128 - Effect of size on the hydrogen sorption properties of MgH2/Carbon nanocomposites
V. Khani P. Alizadeh -
Open Access Article
129 - Estimate of potential evapotranspiration in Freiman using the priestiley-taylor method and remote sensing technique
Mosayeb Moqbeli Dameneh Seyed Hossein SanaeinejadEvapotranspiration is one of the important components of water balance which is measured and estimated by several methods. Since these methods mainly involve point-by-point measuring and requiring a large amount of grounded data, so they have limitations. In this study, MoreEvapotranspiration is one of the important components of water balance which is measured and estimated by several methods. Since these methods mainly involve point-by-point measuring and requiring a large amount of grounded data, so they have limitations. In this study, potential evapotranspiration for 8 days in 2014, 2015 and 2016 was estimated using the Priestley-Taylor method and remote sensing technique in Fariman area in Khorasan Razavi province using Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager (OLI). To determine the accuracy of the estimates, the results of this study were compared with the FAO Penman-Monteith method (the reference method for estimating potential evapotranspiration). Comparison of the obtained results by the Priestley-Taylor method with the FAO Penman-Monteith method showed that the R2 and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) are 0.91 and 0.78 mm/d, respectively. This result indicates that the high accuracy of this method in estimating potential evapotranspiration in a semi-arid climate. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
130 - Evaluation of temporal-spatial variations of soil moisture balance by Thorenthwaite Matter method (Case study: Behesht Abad basin)
Elham Davoodi Hoda Ghasemieh Khodayar Abdollahi Okke BatelaanFor the sustainable management of water resources, it is necessary to determine the water balance and its components for the correct use of water. In this study, to obtain a general overview of the water balance and its components, the soil moisture balance was calculat MoreFor the sustainable management of water resources, it is necessary to determine the water balance and its components for the correct use of water. In this study, to obtain a general overview of the water balance and its components, the soil moisture balance was calculated using the Thorenthwaite Matter model in the Behesht Abad basin during 2003-2015. Distribution maps, including rainfall, temperature, actual and potential evapotranspiration, soil moisture, infiltration, surface runoff and leaf area index were prepared. The results showed that in spatial distribution, in spring and summer, the highest (8.98 mm) and the lowest runoff occurs at the altitudes and in the basin outlet, and in autumn and winter, the highest (46.72 mm) and the lowest runoff occurs at the outlet and in the altitudes, respectively. The correlation coefficient between observed and simulated surface runoff is 53%. The amount of infiltration decreases during dry months, the highest infiltration (range from 16 to 31 mm) has occurred in the range of sandy loam and clay loam textures and in agricultural areas and rangeland with good and medium coverage. In terms of spatial distribution, agriculture land and good and medium rangeland have more actual evapotranspiration, which often consistent with regions have the highest leaf area index. In general, the results of this research can be useful in identifying the soil moisture condition and various aspects of this complex system and also watershed management. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
131 - Utility of METRIC model for estimating actual monthly evapotranspiration of Vanak Basin using MODIS sensor images
Maryam Rezaei Hoda Ghasemieh Khodayar AbdollahiBackground and ObjectiveNowadays, in order to logical use of water for agricultural products, an accurate understanding of the evapotranspiration process is needed. Evapotranspiration is one of the most significant components of water balance hence it is a key variable MoreBackground and ObjectiveNowadays, in order to logical use of water for agricultural products, an accurate understanding of the evapotranspiration process is needed. Evapotranspiration is one of the most significant components of water balance hence it is a key variable for the optimal management of water resources. In this paper, we aim to the analysis of the spatial and temporal and distribution of actual evapotranspiration (AET) at monthly time scale using the METRIC approach, driven by MODIS satellite observations over the Vanak Basin and check the accuracy of the METRIC results with (SEBAL, Surface Energy Balance Algorithm for Land). Materials and Methods There are many methods for correct estimation of point evapotranspiration, such as weighing lysimeters, the Bowen ratio, and the eddy correlation methods. The weakness of the mentioned methods is that these techniques only provide evapotranspiration for a specific site and they can't estimate regional evaporation. The METRIC model was developed by Allen et al., (2007) based on the well-known SEBAL model (Bastiaanssen, 1998). METRIC model is a remote sensing-based method that estimates actual evapotranspiration as a residual of the surface energy balance. Herein, the spatial and temporal distribution of actual evapotranspiration of the Vanak Basin from April to November 2013–2014 was estimated using the METRIC model and using MODIS satellite data, the feasibility of using METRIC was investigated. Vanak Basin is located in the southeastern part of the Northern Karoon Basin. It is geographically placed between Chaharmahal va Bakhtiari and Isfahan provinces. 60 MODIS products of Leaf Area Index (MOD15A2), land surface temperature LST (MOD11A2) and surface reflectance (MOD09A1) in 8-day time step were extracted. The mentioned images were downloaded from the USGS website and the images were re-projected from the Sinusoidal projection to UTM projection. The scale factor for LAI, LST and Surface Reflectance were 0.1,0,02 and 0.0001, respectively. Estimation of ET with the METRIC model begins with energy balance. Data sets such as MODIS observations and weather data from the stations in and near the Vanak Basin are used to calculate instantaneous surface energy fluxes including net radiation flux (Rn), soil heat flux (G) and sensible heat flux (H) in the processing technique. ET at the instant of the satellite image is computed for each pixel by dividing LE values by latent heat of vaporization and density of water. Results and Discussion Throughout this research, the upper limit of the variation of AET showed a gradual increase from April to July in both 2013 and 2014. According to the results, the maximum amount of actual evapotranspiration in 2013 and 2014 for the July month was obtained 244 and 263 mm per month respectively. In general, the results of this paper will help us better understand the variations of regional AET. Comparison of the spatial distributions of AET, LAI and LST in the study area showed that the spatial distribution of AET was affected by two factors, LAI and LST, that Pearson correlation test was used to assess the relationship between two variables LAI and LST with actual evapotranspiration. Based on the results, the regions which had dense vegetation and low land surface temperatures had high AET rates, while in the regions with sparse vegetation and high land surface temperatures, the AET rate was low. The results showed that the trend of changes in the mean monthly temperature is in line with the monthly actual evapotranspiration; the same trend was observed in the case of albedo and net radiation flux. It should be noted that the absence of ground measurements for comparing them to the modelled AET amounts was a potential limitation of the current study. However, our approach of evaluating AET estimates derived from the METRIC model with the AET estimates derived from SEBAL model is a widely used (as standard approach) approach to tackle such limitations. In the second step of the analysis, this paper compares the estimated monthly AET using the equations of the METRIC versus the SEBAL, for the Vanak Basin in 2014. The outcome of the SEBAL model was used as a reference to compare the results obtained from the METRIC model. The statistical analysis was performed to determine the differences between monthly AET derived from METRIC vs. monthly AET derived from SEBAL. The Nash–Sutcliffe model efficiency coefficient (NSE), Coefficient of Determination (R2) and Mean absolute error (MAE) are used, that the results showed high R2 values and NS coefficients and low MAE values indicate that METRIC is closely related to SEBAL Model in the most of the months. The monthly AET values estimated by the METRIC model versus the monthly AET values estimated from the SEBAL model were evaluated and compared for the Vanak Basin from April to November 2014. Based on the overall results the scatter of estimations is in an acceptable range. In 2014, there was good agreement between METRIC and SEBAL models (R2=0.96–0.99, NSE = 0.93–0.99 and MAE = 1.3–7.53 mm month−1). In 2014, other results indicated that in both models, the upper limit of the variation of AET showed a gradual increase from April to July. Conclusion According to the results, the regions with high leaf area index (LAI) and low land surface temperature have more evapotranspiration than other regions with low leaf area index and high land surface temperature. The trend of the time series of LAI index and evapotranspiration in this study was consistent with the trend of changes in the parameters mentioned in the study, which was described by Reyes-González et al (2019) that use of the METRIC model in Dacota. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
132 - Application of SEBAL algorithm in estimating maximum daily demand of rain-fed wheat from green water sources using MODIS images (Case study: Ahar county)
Ali Ashraf Sadreddini Hamed Sabzchi Dehkharghani Amir Hosein Nazemi Abolfazl Majnooni HerisRemote sensing techniques have been applied to estimate the spatiotemporal distribution of evapotranspiration as an alternative for field measuring methods. The objective of this study is to estimate the maximum daily demand of rain-fed wheat from green water sources in MoreRemote sensing techniques have been applied to estimate the spatiotemporal distribution of evapotranspiration as an alternative for field measuring methods. The objective of this study is to estimate the maximum daily demand of rain-fed wheat from green water sources in Ahar county using the SEBAL algorithm and MODIS images. First, the results from the SEBAL algorithm were evaluated by comparing them to the results from the Eagleman-Affholder method in rain-fed wheat fields and to the results from Fao-Penman- Monteith method in irrigated wheat fields and then the wheat maximum daily evapotranspiration values were calculated in the study area. MODIS surface reflectance and land surface temperature images were used to monitor the variation of normalized difference vegetation index during the wheat growth period, to map wheat areas and to estimate wheat evapotranspiration during the wheat booting stage until the wheat yellowing stage in 2010. After evaluating the SEBAL algorithm during the mentioned period, the maximum daily demand of rain-fed wheat from green water sources was estimated on the 17th of July 2019. By comparing the wheat evapotranspiration values from SEBAL and from computational methods, the average absolute error and correlation were calculated as 0.61 mm/day and 0.9 respectively. It was also found that the wheat highest evapotranspiration occurred when the vegetation index curve had reached its peak. In this time, the wheat maximum daily water demand from the green water resources throughout the county in 2019 was estimated almost equal to 0.93 million cubic meters. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
133 - Estimation of actual evapotranspiration in pistachio orchards using SEBAL algorithm in three irrigation system
Soheil RadiomBackground and ObjectiveOver the past 100 years, the country has lost about 90 percent of its per capita renewable water. About 90% of the country's renewable water resources are allocated to the agricultural sector. With the increase in the area of pistachio orchards a MoreBackground and ObjectiveOver the past 100 years, the country has lost about 90 percent of its per capita renewable water. About 90% of the country's renewable water resources are allocated to the agricultural sector. With the increase in the area of pistachio orchards and the increase in demand for water on the one hand and the limited water resources in the region, on the other hand, the imbalance between supply and demand for water is sharply increasing. In this regard, the most important step to prevent water loss is the uniform distribution of water on the field, optimal at each stage of growth. About 99% of the water absorbed by the plant is used for evapotranspiration. Therefore, studying this phenomenon can play an important role in determining the water needs of plants. It is difficult to measure the actual evapotranspiration outside the laboratory. Many experimental methods have been developed to estimate actual and potential evapotranspiration using meteorological and climatic data. But most of these methods are only able to estimate potential evapotranspiration and do not estimate the actual amount of it. In contrast, remote sensing methods have been developed that are a good solution for estimating the actual evapotranspiration. Satellite imagery with global coverage and repetitive Acquisition has made it possible to monitor evapotranspiration at the field level and during plant growth. Various studies have been conducted to estimate the actual evapotranspiration of agricultural areas using satellite images, which indicate the acceptable accuracy of these methods. However, most of this research is related to agricultural fields and no significant research has been done to estimate evapotranspiration at the orchards. Vegetation at the farms is uniform and homogeneous compared to orchards, so the estimation of vegetation index, which is one of the inputs of the SEBAL model in orchards is more difficult than agricultural fields, which can affect the final accuracy. Therefore, the main purpose of this study is to estimate the amount of evapotranspiration in the pistachio orchard using the SEBAL algorithm and evaluate the accuracy of estimation. Also, this research has beenMaterials and Methods The present research has been carried out in pistachio orchards in Zarandieh city of Markazi province. The gardens had three different irrigation systems including flood irrigation systems, surface, and subsurface drip irrigation systems. Actual evapotranspiration is estimated using water balance and SEBAL algorithm. Meteorological data from Imam Airport Synoptic Station and Landsat8 satellite imagery has been used to estimate evapotranspiration using the SEBAL algorithm. Actual evapotranspiration is estimated at satellite overpass times during the growing season. To select hot and cold pixels in the SEBAL algorithm, the semi-automatic method proposed by Oldmo is used, which minimizes user participation in the selection of hot and cold pixels. To evaluate the accuracy of evapotranspiration estimation, the information of soil moisture sensors in the orchard has been used. 28 sensors measure soil moisture in different parts of the orchard. Using the soil moisture values, the actual evapotranspiration was estimated using the water balance method and used as a reference value.Results and Discussion A comparison of the results of the SEBAL algorithm and water balance method showed that the SEBAl algorithm was able to estimate the actual evapotranspiration in different parts of the orchard with an RMS error of 0.57. In addition, the correlation between the values estimated by the two methods was equal to 0.82, which indicates the appropriate capability of the SEBAL algorithm in estimating evapotranspiration values. The correlation between the actual evapotranspiration estimated from the SEBAL model and the reference evapotranspiration is 0.76. In addition, in the research, changes in the evapotranspiration in different parts of the garden and also gardens with different irrigation systems including flood, surface, and subsurface drips have been investigated. The results show that the orchard with subsurface irrigation had the lowest average of evapotranspiration on different dates. Considering that evapotranspiration is equal to the sum of evaporation from the soil surface and transpiration from the plant, this decrease can be attributed to the decrease in evaporation from the soil surface. In addition, evapotranspiration heterogeneity can be observed in all parts of orchards with the same irrigation system on all dates. For example, in the orchard with a flood irrigation system, parts of the garden show low evapotranspiration, which can be due to the lack of smoothing of the surface and lack of proper moisture in these areas. Obviously, the same amount of moisture accumulates in other parts of the garden and is inaccessible through deep percolation. This uneven distribution is also observed in the garden with a surface drip irrigation system. For example, the middle part of the garden with surface drip irrigation always shows a higher amount of evapotranspiration, which can indicate the loss of water in this part, due to the miss-operation of the dripper. To evaluate the difference in evapotranspiration in different irrigation systems, the average, minimum, maximum, and standard deviation values of evapotranspiration in orchards related to three different irrigation systems have been calculated. The results showed that in all dates, the ranges and standard deviation of evapotranspiration in the flood irrigation system were higher than in other systems, which indicates the lack of uniform irrigation in the orchard. Also, on all dates, the average amount of evapotranspiration in the orchard with a surface drip irrigation system has been more than flood irrigation system. Vegetation in orchards with drip irrigation systems (surface and subsurface) was denser compared to the flood irrigation systems.Conclusion In this study, the actual evapotranspiration of pistachio orchards has been estimated using satellite imagery and the SEBAL algorithm. The results of the study indicate the appropriate accuracy of the SEBAL algorithm in estimating the actual evapotranspiration of the orchards. Compared with the water balance method, the correlation coefficient was 0.82 and the root means the square error was 0.57. In addition, comparing the moisture situation in different parts of the orchard and in orchards with different irrigation systems has shown that by estimating the actual evapotranspiration using satellite imagery, appropriate information can be obtained on how to distribute moisture in the garden. This information provides valuable information on the optimal management of water resources and increases irrigation efficiency. Other results of this research include the significant difference between surface and subsurface drip irrigation methods. The results show that using subsurface irrigation methods can effectively reduce irrigation water loss due to evaporation from the soil surface. The results show that in areas where there is no access to information from soil moisture sensors or direct measurements of evapotranspiration, the use of the SEBAL algorithm and remote sensing methods can provide appropriate information for optimal water management. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
134 - Agricultural drought monitoring based on remote sensing-based Evapotranspitation Condition Index in the Jarahi Zohreh basin
Maedeh Behifar Ata Abdollahi Majid Kiavarz Ghasem AziziDrought is one of the most important natural hazards in Iran that has many destructive environmental and economic effects. Drought is affected by various factors, and different indices have been developed to monitor it. Drought studies have been performed using temperat MoreDrought is one of the most important natural hazards in Iran that has many destructive environmental and economic effects. Drought is affected by various factors, and different indices have been developed to monitor it. Drought studies have been performed using temperature and vegetation data, but few studies have used satellite evapotranspiration data. In this research, vegetation condition index, temperature condition index, and evapotranspiration condition index have been used to study drought in Jarahi and Zohreh catchments. For this purpose, drought indices have been calculated on a monthly basis using MODIS satellite products from the 2000 to 2017 period. The six-month Standardized Precipitation Index was used to evaluate the remote sensing-based drought indices. The results showed that the evapotranspiration condition Index had the highest correlation with the six-month SPI index and was considered the most appropriate index to study the drought. The correlation of ETCI with SPI was equal to -0.57 and the RMSE was 0.47. A drought severity map was prepared using remote sensing indices to depict six classes of drought severity including severe drought, moderate drought, mild drought, near normal, and without drought for 2008, 2009, and 2016, when the study area was suffering from drought. The results of the spatial assessment showed that the central part of the basin which contains ecologically important protected areas was the most vulnerable part during dry years, and during the study period, it has experienced over 10 months of severe drought. In this period, the coastal part had the lowest drought intensities. However, during different years, the wetland area of the basin, which is one of the protected water ecosystems, has decreased. The results showed that compared to other indices, the satellite-based evapotranspiration data can provide a good tool for monitoring drought in hot areas with sparse vegetation such as Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
135 - Estimating of evapotranspiration using remote sensing, artificial neural network and comparison with the experimental method (Penman-Monteith-FAO)
Aziz Azimi Kazem Rangzan Mostafa Kaboulizade Mohammad KhoramianEvaporation waste of water is one of the most important factors. Because evapotranspiration is a complex phenomenon that depends on many factors and data, accurate estimation of evaporation and transpiration, is very difficult and costly. Therefore, the purpose of this MoreEvaporation waste of water is one of the most important factors. Because evapotranspiration is a complex phenomenon that depends on many factors and data, accurate estimation of evaporation and transpiration, is very difficult and costly. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to estimate evapotranspiration using the surface energy balance algorithm for land (SEBAL) and also evaluate the performance of artificial neural networks. To estimates the Evapotranspiration rate the method of SEBAL Algorithmby using satellite images was applied. For this purpose, four images of Landsat 8 in this study were used that by comparing the results from the two methods, Remote Sensing and Penman-Monteith- FAO Equation presented MSE and MAE as respectively 1.54 and 1.04 per day. To solve the complexity of the evaporation process, Artificial Neural Networks was used for forecasting evaporation pan based on meteorological data. Perceptron with Back-propagation algorithm was applied for training it in this study. It used daily climate data that collected during 13 years from a Safi Abad station in Dezful city for network training. The results showed that the best network was the network with all inputs along with a hidden layer and 28 Neurons in the middle layer. The implementation results of this network presented that statistical Indicators were as MSE (0.0032), MAE (0.0445), R2 (0.9609). Comparing the results from Artificial Neural Networks and Penman-Monteith- FAO as reference method showed that MSE and MAE were 1.11 and 0.52 mm per day, respectively. These results presents that the performance of Artificial Neural Networks was better than the remote sensing method in the estimation of evapotranspiration rate. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
136 - A Comparative Study of Open-Source Software for Deployment and Management of Cloud Computing Utilizing a Big Data Processing Quality Model
Mahdi Jafari Amir KalbasiIntroduction: The volume of data produced by human society is growing rapidly. Data is being produced in many different industries such as manufacturing, transportation, healthcare, and social networks. Due to the volume of data being produced, data storage and processi MoreIntroduction: The volume of data produced by human society is growing rapidly. Data is being produced in many different industries such as manufacturing, transportation, healthcare, and social networks. Due to the volume of data being produced, data storage and processing are among the most important issues when dealing with big data. The main challenges when dealing with big data are data storage and management, data processing and analytics, and resource management to provide the infrastructure needed to support the first two mentioned challenges. Cloud computing, due to its features and architecture, is a promising infrastructure to store and process big data. Different cloud computing deployment models exist, namely, public cloud, private cloud, community cloud, and hybrid cloud. To store and process big data in a cloud environment, individuals and organizations may be more inclined to deploy and manage private clouds to gain greater control and access to resources and their data. Numerous open-source software has been developed for the deployment and management of private clouds. Evaluating and choosing among them is a challenging task, especially for those who are new to these large-scale software systems. Furthermore, due to the continuous delivery of new releases with major changes or new features and modules for each of the cloud infrastructure management software, choosing among them could be a challenge even for an experienced user.Method: In this paper, first of all, we provide the Quality Model for Cloud Infrastructure (QMCI) for evaluation of cloud infrastructure management software. QMCI focuses on quality factors that are important when processing big data. The top-level factors of this model are 1- Functionality 2- Usability 3- Reliability 4- Supportability 5- Performance. The top-level factors are then divided into sub-factors to further refine the quality model. Metrics can be considered for the sub-factors to evaluate a cloud infrastructure management software.Discussion: Based on QMCI, multiple-criteria decision-making can be utilized to choose between cloud infrastructure management software that best suits a given set of criteria. In the remaining of this paper, three of the most popular open-source cloud infrastructure management software, namely, Eucalyptus, OpenStack, and Apache Cloud Stack are evaluated based on QMCI to compare their capabilities, weaknesses, and strengths from big data processing perspective. Previous literatures that considered the selected three cloud infrastructure management software were studies and utilized to perform the comparative study. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
137 - A Review on the Technical Challenges of Connecting Wind Energy Conversion Systems to the Grid
Majid Tavoosi Ehsan Heydarian-Forushani Mohammad Hassan Amirioun Mohsen Parsa MoghaddamWind power generation is making an increasingly significant contribution to global electricity production. The high penetration of wind power poses many operational and control challenges that affects the reliability and stability of power systems. In this Paper, the re MoreWind power generation is making an increasingly significant contribution to global electricity production. The high penetration of wind power poses many operational and control challenges that affects the reliability and stability of power systems. In this Paper, the reported technical challenges caused by the grid integration of wind energy conversion system (WECS) and the proposed solutions methodologies represents. The wind-generating system components and architecture are investigated at the beginning of this article for analysis and stability studies purposes, then are addressed various technical challenges; each challenge is discussed individually, focusing on the bulk integration of wind energy into the power systems. Some solutions, including grids code, energy storage technologies, appropriate control strategies, and other methodologies employed to mitigate the effects of the integration, are also included. This review is ready-reckoner of essential topics for further research of wind energy and available technologies in this field. This review provides ready-reckoner of essential topics for grid integration of wind energy and available technologies in direction of overcome the related difficulties. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
138 - The Charging Circuit of the Energy Storage System of the Multi-Input Converter with High Gain (Design, Simulation and Laboratory Investigation)
Donya Taheri Ghazanfar Shahgholian Mohammad Mehdi MirtalaeiIn this article, a multi-input non-isolated converter topology with high gain is proposed for clean energy applications that require an energy storage system. The techniques of voltage multiplier cell and coupling inductor have been used to design the circuit, and by co MoreIn this article, a multi-input non-isolated converter topology with high gain is proposed for clean energy applications that require an energy storage system. The techniques of voltage multiplier cell and coupling inductor have been used to design the circuit, and by combining them, it is possible to use switches with low voltage stress and as a result, low conductivity. The charging performance of the energy storage system is explained and the structure and performance of the proposed converter are investigated for the design of a non-isolated multi-input converter with high voltage gain. The precise design method for the correct operation of the converter is presented and the simulation results of the converter performance are shown. Finally, in order to verify the accuracy of the results obtained from the simulation of the proposed converter, a laboratory sample has been made and a comparison has been made between the results. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
139 - Optimizing Energy and Ancillary Services Markets in Transmission and Distribution Networks Through a Two-Stage Optimal Framework Considering Flexible Loads, Electric Vehicles, and Storage Systems
Azadeh Arezooye Araghi Amir Ahmarinejad Mohsen Alizadeh Mojtaba BabaeiIn this article, a comprehensive two-stage framework for conducting competitive energy and ancillary services markets in transmission and distribution networks is presented. In the first and second stages of the proposed framework, energy and ancillary services markets MoreIn this article, a comprehensive two-stage framework for conducting competitive energy and ancillary services markets in transmission and distribution networks is presented. In the first and second stages of the proposed framework, energy and ancillary services markets are held, respectively. In the proposed framework, the suppliers of spinning reserve market capacities are conventional thermal units, while the suppliers of regulation market capacities are fast response generators, energy storage systems, electric vehicles, and demand response aggregators. A linear AC power flow program is included in the proposed framework to verify the applicability of the simulation results in real operating conditions. The introduced framework is modeled as a linear optimization problem in which the objective function of each stage is solved separately. This framework is implemented on a test system that includes a 30-bus transmission network connected to four 8-bus distribution networks, and the CPLEX solver in GAMS software is used to simulate it. The simulation outputs clearly confirm that the participation of resources within the distribution networks in providing spinning reserve capacities significantly reduces the share of expensive thermal units in the market and thereby lowers the daily costs of the system. Moreover, the simulation outputs indicate that the participation of demand response aggregators, energy storage systems and electric vehicles in providing regulation market capacities, not only lowers the costs of this market but also significantly improves technical indicators such as voltage characteristics. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
140 - Peak Shaving of Industrial Customers through Combined Installation of Photovoltaic Power Plant and Energy Storage System
Moslem Farhangnia Fariborz Haghighatdar-FesharakiNowadays, increasing the cost of electrical energy, especially at the peak load duration, besides the environmental caused by fossil fuels, have made the peak shaving problem by clean and renewable energies, one of the important as well as essential subjects in electric MoreNowadays, increasing the cost of electrical energy, especially at the peak load duration, besides the environmental caused by fossil fuels, have made the peak shaving problem by clean and renewable energies, one of the important as well as essential subjects in electric power industry. Hence, in this paper, combination of the photovoltaic power plant and the battery storage system is used to solve the peak shaving problem. In doing so, a new formulation is proposed for determining the optimal capacity of the photovoltaic power plant as well as battery storage. In the considered constraints in the mentioned formulation, technical issues and economic problems are combined together in an appropriate manner. Moreover, solving the optimization problem is performed regarding the consumption load profile as well as the hourly cost of the electrical energy of under-consideration costumer, and also the expected value of the inflation and the electrical energy cost in the future years. After that, the obtained solution is evaluated in terms of the economic feasibility and its interaction with the upstream electric power distribution network. Another considerable point in this paper is the use of the real data in an actual network for simulations. The simulation results, confirm the convenient performance as well as good efficiency of the proposed method. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
141 - Portable Energy Storage Systems Expansion Planning to Improve the Power Systems Resilience
Mohammad Reza Sheibani Mehdi Zeraati Farkhondeh Jabbari Ehsan Heydarian-ForushaniProviding electricity to critical electrical loads in all conditions is one of the important goals facing designers and operators of power systems. On the other hand, power systems are always exposed to various events and disasters. The ability to face these events and MoreProviding electricity to critical electrical loads in all conditions is one of the important goals facing designers and operators of power systems. On the other hand, power systems are always exposed to various events and disasters. The ability to face these events and disasters in power systems is brought up with the concept of resilience. In this article, improving the resilience of distribution networks is pursued. For this purpose, the expansion of fixed and portable energy storage systems in distribution networks has been carried out to keep distribution networks resilience. Due to the importance of providing the critical loads, meeting the critical loads is considered as the main resilience criterion. The proposed model is formulated as a mixed integer linear optimization problem. Minimization of costs is considered as the objective function and fulfillment of restrictions in normal and resilience conditions of the network are considered as the constraints of the problem. In this model, the distribution network is divided into several separate zones and the fulfillment of critical loads in the zones is followed by the available resources and energy storage systems. The results of studies on the test network show the ability of portable energy storage systems to meet the requirements of network resilience. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
142 - Intertextual Relationship of Safvat-al-Safa and Asrar-al-Tawhid (Based on Theory of Gerard Genette)
khodabakhsh Asadollahi Sorraya KarimiGerard Genette, one of the prominent scholars, relates the intertextuality of each text with its predecessors and in the theory of over-texture, the relation between any texts has been raised with its prefaced text. During the mystical period the discussion of mystics h MoreGerard Genette, one of the prominent scholars, relates the intertextuality of each text with its predecessors and in the theory of over-texture, the relation between any texts has been raised with its prefaced text. During the mystical period the discussion of mystics has been remarkable with similar views and the structure of mystical tokens such as Safvat-al-Safa and the Asrar-al-Tawhid based on certain thoughts and speeches of mysticism. This study aims at enlightening the mystical aspects of the eighth century it is argued that the Qaramate and the ideas of Sheikh Safi according to the viewpoint and Qaramate of Abu Sa'id Abu- al-Khair in terms of the theory of genes. As a result of this research, intertextual orientation of Safvat al-Safa is welcomed in the wake of Abu Sa'id Abu- al-Khair thoughts in Asrar-al-Tawhid. The similarity of the themes of Safvat al-Safa with the wisdom of Qaramati like Tey-al-arz, Farasat, Death issues, people̕ s rescues and the like and the moral and educational concepts such as Self-education, Covering, and other issues of the intertextual relationship between these two works is confirmed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
143 - Methods of Enjoining the Good and Forbidding the Evil in the Practical Sufism of Abu Sa'id Abu al-Khair
Ali Rahimi Hatef Siahkuhian Jamshid SadriAbu Sa'id Abu al-Khair, as a humane mystic, in spite of the violent behaviors of the legislators of his time, by influencing a spiritual guide and using unconventional and creative methods, without causing annoyance to anyone, commands the good and forbids the bad. It p MoreAbu Sa'id Abu al-Khair, as a humane mystic, in spite of the violent behaviors of the legislators of his time, by influencing a spiritual guide and using unconventional and creative methods, without causing annoyance to anyone, commands the good and forbids the bad. It paid for and prevented many anomalies and corruptions. What is examined as the main issue in this article is how Abu Sa'id's practical commitment to this religious duty was fulfilled, despite his tolerance on the one hand, and his reproachful approach on the other, and In the ways that he used to perform this duty, was the commandment of the good and the prohibition of the evil done in the specific jurisprudential sense or in the general sense? What emerged from the studies was that the main method of Abu Sa'id in the use of slang and the prohibition of the use of slang was in accordance with the intellectual and cultural capacities of the people of his time, and he according to the individual differences and spiritual characteristics of individuals. Instead of verbal invitation and direct preaching, he indirectly and indirectly corrects and educates people. In this way, in a paradoxical way, by not engaging in enjoining what is good, he causes "enjoining what is good and forbidding it was denied. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
144 - Studying the "evil" in Sanaei's Hadiqat Al- Haqiqa
Fatemeh Daneshvar Jamal Ahmadi Sadegh Zamani Sharareh ElhamiThe existence of evil has been a problem for worshipers for centuries. It seems difficult to believe that the world, with its large number of evil creatures and under the absolute control of the supreme good, the omnipotent, the omniscient. The importance of the worldvi MoreThe existence of evil has been a problem for worshipers for centuries. It seems difficult to believe that the world, with its large number of evil creatures and under the absolute control of the supreme good, the omnipotent, the omniscient. The importance of the worldview regarding evil is such that it is seen as one of the most important and prominent themes, not only in theological, philosophical and theological texts, but also in literary texts. In this article, after brief references to the answers given to the problem of evil, the authors deal with the examples of the problem of evil in Sanae'i Hadiqat Al- Haqiqa by descriptive-analytical method. Hakim Sanaei is a follower of Ash'ari-Maturidi in terms of doctrinal and theological principles and has thought about it in this field of thought. The conclusion obtained from this research indicates that Sanaei agrees with the divine sages on the issue of evil and rejects evil in general. According to his system of thought, the divine will is pure good, and this principle is one of the most basic foundations of his worldview, and he has spoken about it in different interpretations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
145 - Presenting a blockchain-based model for accepting national entrance exam candidates based on academic records
راحله مالکی ِDavod Bahrepoor somaye fateminasabDue to the fact that in recent years, the discussion of removing the national entrance exam has been raised, this year, the 12th grade average has been set for high-demand fields, which has a direct impact of 40%, and for other fields of study, admission is based on the MoreDue to the fact that in recent years, the discussion of removing the national entrance exam has been raised, this year, the 12th grade average has been set for high-demand fields, which has a direct impact of 40%, and for other fields of study, admission is based on the student's academic record. Therefore, safe storage of academic records and prevention of changing and manipulating students' grades is very important. Blockchain technology is of interest due to its unique features such as decentralization and completeness of data, on the other hand, smart contracts provide privacy and access control. A platform for implementing smart contracts is the Hyperledger Fabric blockchain network. In this article, a model for storing and retrieving students' academic records based on the Hyperledger Fabric blockchain is presented. In this model, the academic records of students, including the grades of specialized and general courses of the twelfth year, are stored in the form of a transaction. The evaluation organization, as the responsible organization, can retrieve these records and provide the candidate with the result of the evaluation (being accepted or not accepted in the field of the candidate's chosen location). This model considers comprehensiveness, decentralization, privacy and access control. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
146 - بررسی گفتمان خیر و شر در شاهنامه فردوسی
سکینه غلامپور دهکی حجت الله اسماعیل نیا گنجی -
Open Access Article
147 - Study on cold storage biological parameters of Habrobracon hebetor Say (Hym.;Braconidae) in vitro
S. Hajarian Reza Vafaei shoshtari J. shakaramiCotton bollworm and corn stem borers are the most significant pests in the Middle East countries. Habrobracon hebetor is one of the most important parasitoid of some agricultural pests. In this study, we investigate the effect of cold storage on the biological parameter MoreCotton bollworm and corn stem borers are the most significant pests in the Middle East countries. Habrobracon hebetor is one of the most important parasitoid of some agricultural pests. In this study, we investigate the effect of cold storage on the biological parameters of Habrobrac wasp including percentage parasitism, reproduction, male generation in temperature 5 storage on the within 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 days in laboratory condition on the flour moth 30 days Anagasta­ kuehnilla (Zeller) that the experiments were conducted at 26ºc, 60 ± 5 % humidity and 16:8 light\dark ratio. Based on these results, the most percentage parasitism (97.67%), reproduction (28.20 wasps) and adults longevity (7.60 days) were obtained in storage on the within 5 days that show significant difference in comparison with other storages. Also the obtained results show that time saving does not effect on the breeding but mass production of H. hebetor is improved and greatly enhances the performance of this biological agent in pest control. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
148 - Kinetics and biochemical characterization of silver nanozymes and investigating impact of storage conditions on their activity and shelf-life
Saeed Reza Hormozi Jangi Zahra DehghaniIn this contribution, bare silver nanozymes were synthesized by a simple method, and their optical properties, size, morphology, crystalline structure, and nanozymatic behavior were evaluated. The as-prepared nanozymes reveal a specific activity as high as 5.02 μM mi MoreIn this contribution, bare silver nanozymes were synthesized by a simple method, and their optical properties, size, morphology, crystalline structure, and nanozymatic behavior were evaluated. The as-prepared nanozymes reveal a specific activity as high as 5.02 μM min-1, therefore, their biochemical characterization was performed to investigate their stability against environmental changes such as pH and temperature variations, revealing maximum nanozyme activity over pH range of 3.5-4.5 at 25-30 ℃. Thereafter, the impact of the storage conditions on the nanozyme activity and shelf-life were investigated, revealing that the activity of the as-prepared nanozymes was retained at about 75% and 63% after exposing to light and air oxygen for 7 days, respectively. Besides, based on kinetics studies, Km, and Vmax of these nanozymes were calculated as 0.05 mM and 113.6 nM sec-1, in turn, revealing their high nanozyme activity and catalytic efficiency. Finally, the shelf-life (storage stability) of the as-prepared nanozymes was investigated under common storage conditions (i.e. 4°C in the dark), revealing that 96% of the initial activity of nanozymes was saved after 10 days of storage. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
149 - ارزیابی ضرائب تشت تبخیر برآورد شده با استفاده از روشهای تجربی در برآورد تبخیر-تعرق گیاه مرجع
نیازعلی ابراهیمی پاک اصلان اگدرنژاد فرزانه پارسایی -
Open Access Article
150 - ارزیابی دقت روشهای مختلف در تخمین تبخیر- تعرق گیاه مرجع (چمن) در دشت قزوین
نیاز علی ابراهیمی پاک اصلان اگدرنژاد محسن احمدی -
Open Access Article
151 - تحولات ژئومورفولوژیکی دریاچه نمک قم بعد از آخرین دوره یخچالی
بهاره میرزاخانی آتنا عسگری امید ابراهیمی -
Open Access Article
152 - برآورد مکانی و پهنه بندی تبخیر و تعرق مرجع با استفاده از روش های زمین آماری و سیستم اطلاعات جغرافیایی در حوضه آبریز بختگان
کیوان بوالحسنی حیدر زارعیتبخیر و تعرق مرجع پارامتری اساسی در تعیین برنامه آبیاری است که دانستن مقدار آن در هر مکان برای برآورد نیاز آبی، پروژهها و طراحی سیستم های آبیاری از مهم ترین عوامل در مدیریت منابع آب و از ضروریات هر طرح آبیاری و زهکشی به شمار می رود که به دلیل تغییرات مکانی آن باید از ر Moreتبخیر و تعرق مرجع پارامتری اساسی در تعیین برنامه آبیاری است که دانستن مقدار آن در هر مکان برای برآورد نیاز آبی، پروژهها و طراحی سیستم های آبیاری از مهم ترین عوامل در مدیریت منابع آب و از ضروریات هر طرح آبیاری و زهکشی به شمار می رود که به دلیل تغییرات مکانی آن باید از روش های درون یابی برای تخمین آن در سطح منطقه ای بهره گرفت. استفاده از روش های زمین آمار یکی از راه های تخمین تبخیر و تعرق در نقاط فاقد ایستگاه می باشد. هدف این پژوهش تعیین مناسب ترین روش زمین آماری برای تخمین مکانی تبخیر وتعرق مرجع و پهنه بندی آن در حوضه آبریز بختگان است. که برای این کار نیاز به ارزیابی روش­های زمین آماری می­باشد. بدین منظور در این پژوهش از اطلاعات روزانه ثبت شده در 24 ایستگاه سینوپتیک در داخل و اطراف حوضه آبریز بختگان در طی یک دوره سال آبی 1392 تا 1393 استفاده شده است. با استفاده از نرم افزار ET0-calculator میزان تبخیر و تعرق مرجع روزانه در هریک از ایستگاه ها به روش فائو-پنمن- مانتیث به­دست آمد. مقادیر ETبه­دست آمده باتوجه به مختصات جغرافیایی ایستگاه های سینوپتیک با استفاده از نرم افزار ARC-GIS فراخوانی گردید. به منظور برآورد مکانی ETاز روشهای مختلف زمین آمار از جمله روش وزن دهی عکس فاصله (IDW) با توان های مختلف، روش کریجینگ معمولی و کوکریجینگ با مدل های واریوگرامی کروی، نمایی و گوسی استفاده گردید. جهت انتخاب مناسب­ترین روش درون یابی از سه معیار ریشه میانگین مجموع مربعات خطا (RMSE)، میانگین خطای مطلق (MAE) و میانگین خطای انحراف (MBE) برای ارزیابی روش های زمین آمار استفاده گردید. نتایج نشان داد که در میان سه روش زمین آماری استفاده شده جهت تخمین تبخیر و تعرق منطقهای روش کوکریجینگ دارای کم­ترین معیار­های خطا RMSE ، MAE و MBE به­ترتیب برابر با 6973/0، 5146/0 و 1155/0- بود و به عنوان روش مناسب جهت برآورد تبخیر وتعرق منطقه ای انتخاب شد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
153 - مقایسه روشهای تجربی محاسبه تبخیر- تعرق پتانسیل در اقلیم نیمه مرطوب معتدل سرد (مطالعه موردی: شهرهای بروجن، شهرکرد، کوهرنگ و لردگان)
کبری خیری شلمزاری امیر سلطان محمدیروش پیشنهاد شده برای محاسبه تبخیر تعرق پتانسیل روش فائو پنمن- مانتیث است اما روش های دیگری نیز وجود دارند که نیاز به داده های هواشناسی کمتر اما برآورد نزدیک به روش فائو پنمن مانتیث در شرایط اقلیمی مختلف را دارند. بررسی عملکرد این روش ها لازمه انتخاب آن ها به عنوان روش ج Moreروش پیشنهاد شده برای محاسبه تبخیر تعرق پتانسیل روش فائو پنمن- مانتیث است اما روش های دیگری نیز وجود دارند که نیاز به داده های هواشناسی کمتر اما برآورد نزدیک به روش فائو پنمن مانتیث در شرایط اقلیمی مختلف را دارند. بررسی عملکرد این روش ها لازمه انتخاب آن ها به عنوان روش جایگزین با توجه به داده های موجود می باشد. در این تحقیق مقادیر روزانه تبخیر تعرق پتانسیل در دوره زمانی 21 ساله (2015-1994 میلادی) با استفاده از روش های تجربی کوپایس، تورگ، هارگریوز، هارگریوز سامانی، ریتچی، ایرمک و سه شکل معادله والیانتز برای چهار ایستگاه بروجن، شهرکرد، کوهرنگ و لردگان محاسبه و با مقادیر محاسبه شده با روش فائو پنمن مانتیث مقایسه شد. برای مقایسه نتایج از ریشه میانگین مربعات خطا، خطای قدر مطلق و ضریب تبیین استفاده شد. نتایج نشان داد که معادله های ایرمک و والیانتز (RS, T,RH,U) بهتر از دیگر معادلههای تجربی در هر چهار ایستگاه تبخیر- تعرق پتانسیل را برآورد کرد و معادله هارگریوز با 25/95 درصد خطای نسبی نسبت به معادله فائو پنمن- مانتیث تخمین بسیار ضعیفی از تبخیر- تعرق پتانسیل را نشان داد. هچنین مقایسه مجموع تخمینهای حاصله از معادلات تجربی مشخص کرد که روش های ایرمک و والیانتز (Rs,T, RH,U) به ترتیب برای همه ایستگاه ها کارآمد ترین روش بودند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
154 - بررسی عملکرد الگوریتم شاهین هریس در بهینهسازی مخزن سد
کبری رنجوری مهدی اژدری مقدم سید آرمان هاشمی منفرد سیما اوحدی در هر منطقه ­ای بر اثر کمبود نزولات جوی و با هر نوع آب و هوایی امکان رویداد پدیده خشکسالی وجود دارد. این پدیده به عواملی مانند دمای بالا، رطوبت نسبی پایین، ضریب پایین ذوب برف، باد و کمبود بارش بستگی دارد. بهره ­برداری بهینه مخازن با در More در هر منطقه ­ای بر اثر کمبود نزولات جوی و با هر نوع آب و هوایی امکان رویداد پدیده خشکسالی وجود دارد. این پدیده به عواملی مانند دمای بالا، رطوبت نسبی پایین، ضریب پایین ذوب برف، باد و کمبود بارش بستگی دارد. بهره ­برداری بهینه مخازن با در نظرگرفتن اهداف مهم چندگانه در کنار یکدیگر و بهصورت همزمان از اهمیت بالایی برخوردار است و به همین جهت لازم است حجم مخزن در هر ماه مدیریت شود؛ زیرا کارایی مخزن در کنترل سیلاب به حجم مخزن و مشخصات ژئومتری آن و سرریز بستگی دارد. در این مطالعه با استفاده از نرمافزار MATLAB و یک الگوریتم بهینه شاهین هریس دادههای سد امیرکبیر کرج به جهت یافتن میزان بهینه برداشت از مخزن سد، نوشته شد و الگوریتم شاهین هریس مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. الگوریتم مبتنی بر جمعیت، فرآیند جست­­جو را در دو مرحله اکتشاف و بهره­ برداری انجام میدهد. در الگوریتم شاهین هریس پارامترهایی وجود دارد که تغییر در مقدار آنها بر عملکرد این الگوریتم تأثیر می ­گذارد. در این مطالعه مقدار کمینه تابع هدف در الگوریتم شاهین هریس بررسیشد. با افزایش تعداد تکرارها، مقدار تابع هدف بهبود پیدا می ­کند و بهترین مقدار تابع هدف، در تکرار 64000 با مقدار 8934/25 بود که بهترین عملکرد الگوریتم در این تکرار بهدستآمد. Manuscript profile -
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155 - بررسی اثر تغییر اقلیم بر روند افزایش درجه حرارت و تبخیر و تعرق پتانسیل با استفاده از مدل SDSM در شهرستان اهواز
الهه ذرتیپور امیر سلطانی محمدی فاطمه برادرانتغییر اقلیم ناشی از افزایش غلظت گازهای گلخانه ای(خصوصا CO2) در اتمسفر باعث تغییر در رژیم بارندگی، نرخ رواناب، سرعت باد و تشعشعات خورشیدی اتمسفر میگردد. در تحقیق حاضر، با استفاده از دادههای هواشناسی روزانه ایستگاه سینوپتیک اهواز و دادههای مدل Hadcm3، تحت سناریوهای A2 Moreتغییر اقلیم ناشی از افزایش غلظت گازهای گلخانه ای(خصوصا CO2) در اتمسفر باعث تغییر در رژیم بارندگی، نرخ رواناب، سرعت باد و تشعشعات خورشیدی اتمسفر میگردد. در تحقیق حاضر، با استفاده از دادههای هواشناسی روزانه ایستگاه سینوپتیک اهواز و دادههای مدل Hadcm3، تحت سناریوهای A2 و B2 پارامترهای حداکثر دما و حداقل دما در دوره پایه 2088-1979 و دو دوره آینده 2020-1979 و 2090-2070 شبیهسازی گردید. برای ارزیابی توان مدل در شبیهسازی پارامترهای اقلیمی از آمارههای ضریب تعیین و میانگین مجذور مربعات خطا استفاده شد، همچنین با روش هارگریوزسامانی مقادیر تبخیر و تعرق پتانسیل برای دورههای مذکور محاسبه و پیشبینی گردید. نتایج نشان داد حداکثر درجه حرارت، حداقل درجه حرارت و تبخیر و تعرق پتانسیل تحت سناریو A2 و B2 در ایستگاه مطالعاتی اهواز در آینده افزایش مییابد. حداکثر و حداقل درجه حرارت برای دوره آینده(2049-2020) بهترتیب برابر با 47/33 و 042/19 تحت سناریوA2و 49/33 و036/19 سانتیگراد تحت سناریو B2 بوده و برای دوره آینده(2099-2070) بهترتیب برابر با 13/34 و95/19 تحت سناریوA2و 80/33 و 95/19 سانتیگراد تحت سناریو B2 میباشد. تبخیر و تعرق پتانسیل شبیهسازی شده برای دوره آتی 2049-2020 به طور متوسط، برابر 97/10 و 95/10 میلیمتر بر روز تحت سناریوA2 وB2 بوده و این مقدار برای دوره آتی 2099-2070 برابر 33/11 و26/11میلیمتر بر روز تحت سناریوA2 وB2 میباشد. بیشترین افزایش برای هر سه دوره و تحت هر دو سناریو در ماه ژوئن مشاهده شد. Manuscript profile -
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156 - بررسی اثرات تغییر اقلیم بر تبخیر و تعرق واقعی در دورههای آتی به کمک تکنیک سنجش از دور و الگوریتم توازن انرژی سبال
سمانه پور محمدی محمد تقی دوستانی مهران فاطمی علیرضا مساح بوانی هادی جعفریتبخیر و تعرق از مهم‎ترین منابع هدر رفت آب در حوزه­های آب‎خیز بوده و بنابراین شناخت ابعاد مختلف آن در مدیریت منابع آب ضروری می­باشد. از طرف دیگر آگاهی از تبخیر و تعرق واقعی دشت­ها جهت مدیریت الگوی کشت و تعیین برنامه ریزی­های آبیاری مناطق باغی و زر Moreتبخیر و تعرق از مهم‎ترین منابع هدر رفت آب در حوزه­های آب‎خیز بوده و بنابراین شناخت ابعاد مختلف آن در مدیریت منابع آب ضروری می­باشد. از طرف دیگر آگاهی از تبخیر و تعرق واقعی دشت­ها جهت مدیریت الگوی کشت و تعیین برنامه ریزی­های آبیاری مناطق باغی و زراعی حائز اهمیت است. با توجه به اثرات تغییر اقلیم بر تمامی ابعاد زیست محیطی حوزه­های آب‎خیز، بررسی این تغییرات بر تبخیر و تعرق واقعی حوزه­های آبخیز به عنوان عامل اساسی در تعیین بیلان آب و مدیریت آبیاری جهت برنامه ریزی­های مدیریت پایدار منابع طبیعی و محیط زیست ضروری می­باشد. بنابراین هدف از تحقیق حاضر بررسی اثرات تغییرات اقلیمی بر تبخیر و تعرق واقعی حوزه آب‎خیز تویسرکان در غرب کشور می­باشد. به این منظور از تصاویر ماهواره­ای مودیس و الگوریتم سبال جهت تعیین تبخیر و تعرق واقعی 10 ساله حوزه آب‎خیز تویسرکان استفاده شد. بررسی اثرات تغییر اقلیم از طریق 15 مدل گردش عمومی جو و تحت دو سناریوی A1B و B1 در نرم‎افزار LARS-WG صورت گرفت. نتایج این تحقیق نشان داد که به احتمال وقوع 80 % در دوره­های آتی دمای کمینه از %13 تا 20% و دمای بیشینه از 2/4 تا 6/4 درصد افزایش داشته است. تبخیر و تعرق واقعی نیز به احتمال وقوع 80% در دوره­های آتی از 04/0 تا 4/1% افزایش خواهد یافت. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
157 - پیش بینی و آنالیز حساسیت تبخیر ماهانه از مخزن سد سیاه بیشه با استفاده از شبکههای عصبی مصنوعی در ترکیب با الگوریتم ژنتیک
آزاده محمدیان شوئیلی حسن فتحیان مهدی اسدی لورفرآیند تبخیر، یکی از مؤلفههای اصلی چرخه آب در طبیعت است که نقش اساسی در مطالعات کشاورزی، هیدرولوژی و هواشناسی، بهره برداری از مخازن، طراحی سیستمهای آبیاری و زهکشی، زمان بندی آبیاری و مدیریت منابع آب ایفا میکند. روشهای زیادی از جمله روشهای بیلان آب، تبخیر از تشت و ر Moreفرآیند تبخیر، یکی از مؤلفههای اصلی چرخه آب در طبیعت است که نقش اساسی در مطالعات کشاورزی، هیدرولوژی و هواشناسی، بهره برداری از مخازن، طراحی سیستمهای آبیاری و زهکشی، زمان بندی آبیاری و مدیریت منابع آب ایفا میکند. روشهای زیادی از جمله روشهای بیلان آب، تبخیر از تشت و روشهای تجربی برای تخمین تبخیر از سطح آزاد، ارائه شده است که هر کدام از این روشها، با محدودیت و خطای اندازه گیری توأم میباشد. امروزه تکنیک جدید استفاده از شبکههای عصبی مصنوعی که مبتنی بر هوش مصنوعی میباشد کاربرد گسترده ای در زمینههای مختلف علمی به ویژه مهندسی آب پیدا کرده است. در این تحقیق با استفاده از مدل شبکه عصبی مصنوعی پرسپترون چند لایه(MLP)، شبکه تابع پایه شعاعی (RBF) و شبکه پیش رونده(FF)،میزان تبخیر ماهانه از مخزن سد سیاه بیشه تا 3 ماه آیندهپیش بینی شد. برای تعیین متغیرهای ورودی مؤثر در مدلهای شبکه عصبی مصنوعی و تعداد نرونها در لایه میانی هر یک از مدلها، از قابلیت بهینه سازی الگوریتم ژنتیک استفاده شد. نتایج نشان میدهد که ضریب همبستگی بین مقادیر اندازه گیری شده و محاسبه شده با مدلهای RBF ، MLPو FFدر برآورد و پیش بینی تبخیر ماهانه از مخزن سد سیاه بیشه به ترتیب برابر با 92/0، 90/0 و 88/0 میباشد. بنابراین مدل RBF از دقت بیشتری نسبت به دو مدل MLP وFFدر برآورد و پیش بینی میزان تبخیر ماهانه از مخزن سد، برخوردار میباشد. نتایج حاصل از آنالیز حساسیت نشان میدهد که تبخیر ماهانه از مخزن سد تا 3 ماه آینده به ترتیب نسبت به زمان وقوع تبخیر بر حسب ماه، فشار هوا در سطح زمین در 1 ، 3 و2 ماه قبل، سرعت باد در سطح 1000 میلی بار در 3 و 2 ماه قبل و دمای هوا در سطح 300 میلی بار در زمان حال بیشترین حساسیت را دارد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
158 - ارزیابی برخی از روشهای تعیین تبخیر و تعرق پتانسیل در شهرستان امیدیه
علی عصاره حدیث داوودیبه منظور تعیین مقدار آب آبیاری لازم است مقدار نیاز آبی گیاه یا تبخیر و تعرق محاسبه شود. معادلاتی که برای محاسبه تبخیر و تعرق استفاده میشوند، پارامترهای اقلیمی یکسانی را بکار نمیگیرند و به دلیل ماهیت تجربی آنها برای تمام شرایط اقلیمی مناسب نیستند. در تحقیق حاضر به منظ Moreبه منظور تعیین مقدار آب آبیاری لازم است مقدار نیاز آبی گیاه یا تبخیر و تعرق محاسبه شود. معادلاتی که برای محاسبه تبخیر و تعرق استفاده میشوند، پارامترهای اقلیمی یکسانی را بکار نمیگیرند و به دلیل ماهیت تجربی آنها برای تمام شرایط اقلیمی مناسب نیستند. در تحقیق حاضر به منظور مقایسه ی روش های تبخیر – تعرق و تعیین مناسب ترین روش برآورد تبخیر – تعرق پتانسیل در شهرستان امیدیه، روش ترکیبی فائو - پنمن – مانتیث (FP-M) به عنوان مرجع در نظر گرفته شد و دقت روش های بلانی کریدل (B-C)، تورنت وایت (TW) و هارگریوز – سامانی (H-S) که پارامتر های اقلیمی کمتری نیاز دارند با آن مقایسه شد. در این تحقیق از داده های ایستگاه سینوپتیک شهرستان امیدیه در دوره ی آماری 1385 تا 1394 استفاده شد. نتایج نشان داد که روش بلانی – کریدل نسبت به سایر روشهای مورد استفاده با بیشترین ضریب همبستگی و کم ترین میزان خطای استاندارد با روش فائو- پنمن- مانتیث از دقت بیشتری در برآورد تبخیر- تعرق پتانسیل شهرستان امیدیه برخوردار میباشد. همچنین روش بلانی- کریدل تبخیر- تعرق پتانسیل شهرستان را بطور متوسط 22 درصد کمتر از روش مرجع تخمین زده است و دارای کم ترین اختلاف نسبت به روش مرجع می باشد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
159 - محاسبه تبخیر- تعرق با ضریب گیاهی یک جزئی و دو جزئی برای گیاه ذرت در طول فصل رشد
پیام کمالی سید ابراهیم هاشمی گرمدرهتعیین مقدار تبخیر و تعرق (نیاز آبی گیاه) یک مؤلفه مهم در تعیین بیلان آب و بودجه­بندی آبیاری می­باشد. هدف از این مطالعه محاسبه تبخیر و تعرق گیاه ذرت با ضریب گیاهی یک جزئی و دو جزئی و مقایسه آنهاست. منطقه مورد بررسی مزرعه آموزشی و پژوهشی پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیع Moreتعیین مقدار تبخیر و تعرق (نیاز آبی گیاه) یک مؤلفه مهم در تعیین بیلان آب و بودجه­بندی آبیاری می­باشد. هدف از این مطالعه محاسبه تبخیر و تعرق گیاه ذرت با ضریب گیاهی یک جزئی و دو جزئی و مقایسه آنهاست. منطقه مورد بررسی مزرعه آموزشی و پژوهشی پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران است. در این مطالعه ضریب گیاهی به صورت یک جزئی و دو جزئی برای گیاه ذرت در طول دوره رشد 100 روزه محاسبه شد. نتایج نشان داد که بیشترین تفاوتی که در ضریب گیاهی یک جزئی و دو جزئی و در نهایت در تبخیر- تعرق محاسبه شده توسط این دو ضریب برای گیاه ذرت وجود دارد، در مرحله اولیه رشد است. با توجه به اینکه در ضریب گیاهی دو جزئی مقدار تبخیر در مراحل اولیه رشد که سطح خاک لخت است، در نظر گرفته می­شود، مقدار تبخیر-تعرق کل محاسبه شده با ضریب گیاهی دو جزئی (602 میلی­متر) بیشتر از مقدار تبخیر- تعرق کل محاسبه شده با ضریب گیاهی یک جزئی (5/557 میلی­متر) است. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
160 - تعیین تبخیر و تعرق پتانسیل در استان اصفهان با استفاده از روشهای پهنه بندی GIS و تحلیل خوشه ای
هاجر طاهری سودجانی سید سعید اسلامیان ایمان اسدی ارجتکیتبخیر و تعرق یکی از مهم‎ترین پارامتر­هایی است که جهت برآورد آب مصرفی گیاه و برنامه­ریزی آبیاری مورد استفاده قرار می‎گیرد. تعیین دقیق نیاز آبی در مدیریت اقتصادی منابع آب و طراحی و تعیین ظرفیت شبکه­های آبیاری و زهکشی، شبیه­سازی تولید گیاهی نقش مهمی Moreتبخیر و تعرق یکی از مهم‎ترین پارامتر­هایی است که جهت برآورد آب مصرفی گیاه و برنامه­ریزی آبیاری مورد استفاده قرار می‎گیرد. تعیین دقیق نیاز آبی در مدیریت اقتصادی منابع آب و طراحی و تعیین ظرفیت شبکه­های آبیاری و زهکشی، شبیه­سازی تولید گیاهی نقش مهمی دارد. پژوهش حاضر سعی در ارزیابی و پهنه­بندی تبخیر و تعرق مرجع در استان اصفهان و ارائه آن در قالب نقشه­های پهنه‎بندی به عنوان ابزار اساسی برای مدیریت آب دارد. همچنین مناطق همگن در این استان از لحاظ تبخیر و تعرق شناسایی و معادلات محاسبه تبخیر و تعرق برای هر منطقه همگن ارائه شد. نتایج محاسبه نتایج تبخیر و تعرق بدست آمده از نرم‎افزار Ref-ET با نتایج بدست آمده از پهنه‎بندی تبخیر و تعرق نشان داده که بین تبخیر و تعرق محاسبه شده با نرم‎افزار GIS و تبخیر و تعرق بدست آمده از نرم‎افزار Ref-ET هم­بستگی خوبی (86/0R2=) وجود دارد. برای استان اصفهان با استفاده از روش تحلیل خوشه­ای سه منطقه همگن تشخیص داده شد و معادلات ارائه شده برای مناطق همگن با هم­بستگی بالایی میزان تبخیر و تعرق را برآورد می­کنند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
161 - پیش بینی دبی روزانه جریان باراندوزچای با استفاده از تئوری آشوب
احمد پور مقدم ادریس معروفی نیا ابوالفضل شمساییبررسی رفتار جریان رودخانه یکی از موارد اساسی در طراحی، بهره برداری و مطالعات مربوط به مهندسی آب است. از این رو بکارگیری روش های نوین همچون نظریه آشوب در هیدرولوژی و منابع آب به دلیل نوآوری و قابلیت های آن، اخیراً توجه زیادی را به خود جلب کرده است. یکی از کاربردهای نظریه Moreبررسی رفتار جریان رودخانه یکی از موارد اساسی در طراحی، بهره برداری و مطالعات مربوط به مهندسی آب است. از این رو بکارگیری روش های نوین همچون نظریه آشوب در هیدرولوژی و منابع آب به دلیل نوآوری و قابلیت های آن، اخیراً توجه زیادی را به خود جلب کرده است. یکی از کاربردهای نظریه آشوب، تعیین خصوصیات کمی و آنالیز سری های زمانی هیدرولوژیکی همچون جریان رودخانه است. به منظور بازسازی فضای حالت، زمان تاخیر از روش تابع خود همبستگی و بعد محاط از الگوریتم نزدیکترین همسایگی کاذب محاسبه گردید. روش بعد همبستگی نیز برای بررسی آشوبپذیری جریان روزانه بکار گرفته شد، که بعد همبستگی حاصله حاکی از وجود رفتار آشوبناک سری زمانی تحت بررسی میباشد. زمان تأخیر از روش میانگین اطلاعات متقابل برای باراندوزچای برابر 66 به دست آمد. با استفاده از روش نزدیک ترین همسایگی کاذب مناسب ترین بعد محاط برابر 28 تعیین شد. بعد همبستگی برای سری زمانی دبی جریان برابر 1/3 بوده یعنی تعداد متغیرهای لازم برای تشریح سیستم برابر 3 است. مقدار کم بعد همبستگی (d) به دست آمده در مقیاس زمانی روزانه نشان دهنده وجود آشوب در سری زمانی دبی جریان رودخانه باراندوزچای می باشد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
162 - بررسی بهسازی آب بندان ها در مهار و ذخیره سازی آب های سطحی در استان مازندران
علی باقرییکی از سازه­های ذخیره آب در استان مازندران، آب­بندان می­باشد. آب­بندان در واقع یک استخر ذخیره خاکی و بسیار بزرگ است که از گود کردن و خاک­برداری یک محدوده و ریختن و کوبیدن و ایجاد دیواره دور این محدوده به وجود میآید. آب­های مازاد در فصول غیرزراعی Moreیکی از سازه­های ذخیره آب در استان مازندران، آب­بندان می­باشد. آب­بندان در واقع یک استخر ذخیره خاکی و بسیار بزرگ است که از گود کردن و خاک­برداری یک محدوده و ریختن و کوبیدن و ایجاد دیواره دور این محدوده به وجود میآید. آب­های مازاد در فصول غیرزراعی در آب­بندان­­­ها ذخیره می­شود و در فصول زراعی از آن بهره­برداری می­شود. با توجه به اینکه اکثر آب­بندان­­­ها از قدمت زیادی برخوردار هستند و با وسایل مقدماتی احداث شده­اند دارای عمق کمی می­باشند و دیواره­های آنها از استحکام کافی برخوردار نمی­باشد و با بارش سنگین باران احتمال تخریب دیواره و بروز خسارات وجود دارد؛ و همچنین میزان هدررفت آب از طریق نشت زیاد می­باشد و با ورود رسوبات حجم ذخیره آب در آب­بندانها کاهش یافته است، بنابراین با توجه به موارد ذکر شده آب­بندان­ها نیاز مبرم به لایروبی، افزایش عمق مخزن، تحکیم و تثبیت دیواره دارند. در این تحقیق 7 آب­بندان در سطح استان با مساحت 690 هکتار در نظر گرفته شد و تاثیر بهسازی آنها بر افزایش حجم ذخیره آب و افزایش مهار آبهای سطحی مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. نتایج تحقیق نشان داد که پس از بهسازی، حجم ذخیره این 7 آب­بندان 35/19 میلیون مترمکعب افزایش یافت. یعنی برای هر هکتار آب­بندان حجم ذخیره پس از بهسازی بطور متوسط، 28043 مترمکعب افزایش می­یابد. که این افزایش حجم ذخیره برای هر هکتار آب­بندان معادل 7/185 درصد می­باشد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
163 - Identifying and prioritizing the most important effective factors of sanctions in delaying investors' exploitation of industrial projects using Delphi technique and structural analysis (case study of Zanjan industrial companies)
Firozeh Haji Ali AkbariIn this research the researcher thought to identify the most important factors resulting projects. This research is an exploratory research which tried to identify these factors using the opinions of experts and managers and experts' industry international trade and man MoreIn this research the researcher thought to identify the most important factors resulting projects. This research is an exploratory research which tried to identify these factors using the opinions of experts and managers and experts' industry international trade and managers of companies engaged in industrial project in the province of Zanjan the purpose of this research is to use applied research. In order to implement the research future structural analysis technique was used in this research. In this research the sample selected for participation in the Delphi group, experts and managers and experts in industry and international trade, managers of companies involved in exploiting industrial projects in Zanjan province, 23 respondents as Delphi group responded to the research questionnaires. The result showed that the first effective factor resulting from the sanctions in delaying the use of industrial designs is the increase in the cost of finished products. Also, the increase of the exchange rate in Iran from production to import and export. Also, the limitation of the expansion of LC is another factor affecting the cost products of finished products. Also, the limitation factor in currency transfer is very important in delaying the operation of industrial projects, since foreign purchases and import of industrial goods require currency exchange, and the lack of transfer of currency to the country causes delays in the exploitation of industrial designs Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
164 - Integration of order preparation process in warehouse and distribution to production lines to minimize cost with adaptive whale algorithm approach
Amir Reza Ahmadi Keshavarz davood jaafari mehran khalaj Parshang DokouhakiOne of the most costly logistics activities is the picking process in the warehouse. Considering the internal logistics aspects, due to the limitations and resources available in order to reduce costs by increasing the level of capability, the supply systems of material MoreOne of the most costly logistics activities is the picking process in the warehouse. Considering the internal logistics aspects, due to the limitations and resources available in order to reduce costs by increasing the level of capability, the supply systems of materials and components will be achieved along the line. Considering the effect of the completion time of pick operations on the start time of distribution operations and the cost of order preparation tardiness, the present study aimed to investigate a new issue related to the integrated process of order preparation in the warehouse and delivery on time to minimize cost according to the data of a car companys. In this regard, an integer nonlinear programming model is proposed to minimize the costs caused by tardiness. In order to validate the model, the small problem is solved in exact way. To solve the model, since the problem is NP-Hard, the method of whale optimization algorithm was used and to improve the optimal routing solutions, the problem was investigated by designing an adaptive whale algorithm considering the cost and time of visiting workstations as a fitting function. Also, to assess the proposed adaptive whale algorithm, the results were compared with two meta-heuristic algorithms of particle swarm optimization and gray wolf. The results show that the proposed adaptive wall algorithm performs better than other methods, which improves and reduces costs. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
165 - Analysis of the Challenges Leading to the Industrial Projects using Grounded Theory (Case study: the Petrochemical Industry)
Elahe Mobini-Dehkordi Peyman AkhavanAnalysis of the factors influencing the delaying of the project and finding the solution for planning and time and cost management for Better implementation of the project is the main aim of this study. Since reducing delay in industrial projects is important, in this r MoreAnalysis of the factors influencing the delaying of the project and finding the solution for planning and time and cost management for Better implementation of the project is the main aim of this study. Since reducing delay in industrial projects is important, in this research, we decided to investigate the main factors of the delay in the petrochemical industry as one of the profitable industries and job creation field. The results indicate that such factors as the sanctions, reduction in the oil prices and the global economic downturn are among the most serious influential reasons. This problem especially is more reflected in workload fluctuations in the construction Industry. OPEC Members (Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Qatar, Venezuela, etc.) are exposed to these fluctuations and petrochemical constructions and their products are jobs creation factors considered as the important economic positions for these countries. The current study aims to investigate the factors causing a delay in the construction and commissioning of petrochemical projects. The most serious challenge these countries encounter in the development of this industry is considered from four perspectives: time, money, quality, and structure. Applying grounded theory method and by doing semi-structured interviews with a group of experts in petrochemical industry concepts obtained from extraction case studies and organized in the form of four hypotheses and presented in a conceptual network. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
166 - Bi-Objective Hybrid Flow Shop Scheduling With Pareto Approximation in a Specified Region
Seyed Mostafa MousaviThis paper studies the production scheduling problem in a hybrid flow shop environment with sequence-dependent setup times and the objectives of minimizing both the maximum completion time and the total tardiness. In the past, bi-objective problems were solved by findin MoreThis paper studies the production scheduling problem in a hybrid flow shop environment with sequence-dependent setup times and the objectives of minimizing both the maximum completion time and the total tardiness. In the past, bi-objective problems were solved by finding Pareto approximation in the entire problem space (without any restrictions). The limitation in this study is to find Pareto approximation in a specified region. In order to solve the problem, multi-objective genetic algorithm based on Pareto ranking has been used. In the structure of the algorithm, two strategies have been proposed in order to select solutions for archiving and produce Pareto in a certain region. After generating sample problems, the genetic algorithm has been implemented with three strategies (two proposed and one general strategy in literature). The appropriate strategy is based on efficient solutions in the archives. The results reflect the fact that the proposed strategies have shown better performance than the literature strategy. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
167 - Identifying Pathologic Causes of Delays in Projects in Order to Enhance Productivity in all Aspects of the Project Administration
Bita Keivani Mojtaba RamezaniThe executives in the structure optimization projects have special attention to the acceptability of the project. And in this regard, each of one, in turn, try to reduce delay in various stages of implementation in order to gain the maximum efficiency of their business MoreThe executives in the structure optimization projects have special attention to the acceptability of the project. And in this regard, each of one, in turn, try to reduce delay in various stages of implementation in order to gain the maximum efficiency of their business in the shortest possible time. That’s why the importance of attention to project management and pathology that imposes huge costs will be double. In this respect, this research has been conducted to put forward practical suggestions to improve the timed performance and to boost the efficiency via improving resource management. In order to investigate the research items, a questionnaire was implemented and the obtained data were analyzed through T-test. To rank the identified variables, the researcher used AHP and ANP methods and made use of Expert Choice and Super Decisions software as well. The most eleven influential items in the time delay were identified and with regards to the results of the study, the lack of budget in the specific needed time interval was on priority. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
168 - A Survey on the Risk Management in Water Transmission Projects (Case Study: Kurdistan Regional Water Company)
Azad Enayati Heirsh Soltanpanah Alireza Qari QuranDelay is defined as a different time between anticipated time and real time to complete the project. The aim of this study was to identify delay risk factors in water lines and offer an outline solution in the projects to reduce the delay time. For this purpose, a delay MoreDelay is defined as a different time between anticipated time and real time to complete the project. The aim of this study was to identify delay risk factors in water lines and offer an outline solution in the projects to reduce the delay time. For this purpose, a delayed case was studied in Kurdistan intubation in order to identify and prioritizing delayed projects criteria while they are identified and extracted. Delays factors are determined and prioritized in the six-step methodology and analytic hierarchy process based on five factors including employee, consultant, contractor, independent of tubing and other external factors. Analysing the data, the results helped to identify and measure the effects of each of the identified risks on project objectives (time, cost, quality). The results showed that the most important key risks affecting the project's main objectives are as follows: poor planning is done by the contractor of the project, the quality of financial risks, including inflation and risks, the loss of channels drilling and loss of redrilling. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
169 - Investigating Causes of Delay in Performing Oil and Gas Industrial Projects in South Rich Areas National Company
Mostafa Ravand Mohammad Salaahi AbhariIran's IPR system, similar to those developing countries, is reactive. The aim of this research is describing the actual deficiencies in Iran's IPR system. Also, the investigation aims at identifying the roots and reasons of the reaction and the effective internal facto MoreIran's IPR system, similar to those developing countries, is reactive. The aim of this research is describing the actual deficiencies in Iran's IPR system. Also, the investigation aims at identifying the roots and reasons of the reaction and the effective internal factors. The present study which is a library research reviews experts’ opinions and relevant indexes using the depict method. At first, backgrounds of the global economy and different approaches of developing and developed countries in the IPR system are surveyed according to published articles. Then, effective global reasons in the present situation of Iran and also relevant to internal and external factors are identified. So, three kinds of factors and reasons identified according to this classification are as follows: (a) global fields and weak role of developing countries in innovation; (b) the relevant factors with weak performance of Iran's National Innovation System (NIS); and (c) structural weakness and disharmony in performance of policy and executive agent in Iran's IPR system. Some of the factors are related to internal agent weakness and the others are related to international issues such as universal challenge between developing and developed countries. IPR system, as one of the important elements of NIS, is a determining factor in the development trajectory of any country. The following subjects need attention order to revising Iran's IPR system: (a) consideration of IPR system performance in NIS (b) coordination of IPR system ability and development level of the country. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
170 - Comparison delay discounting, impulsivity and brain/behavioral system in adolescence with and without symptoms of Emotion dysRegulation disorder
Leila AlizadehEmotion regulation is one of the most important challenges of adolescence. the purpose of this study was to compare the delay discounting, impulsivity and brain/behavioral system in adolescents with and without symptoms of Emotion dysRegulation disorder. The descriptive MoreEmotion regulation is one of the most important challenges of adolescence. the purpose of this study was to compare the delay discounting, impulsivity and brain/behavioral system in adolescents with and without symptoms of Emotion dysRegulation disorder. The descriptive research method was causal-comparative. The statistical population included all secondary high school students of Kermanshah city, based on the cut point of the emotion dysregulation scale (Gratz and Romer, 2004) and G*Power software, 176 people (88 people in each group) were randomly assigned to The title of the sample size was chosen. From the Monetary Choice scale (Kirby et al. 1999), Short form of Impulsive Behavior Scale (Cyders et al. 2004) the Behavioral inhibition system / Behavioral activation system scale (Carver & White, 1994) and the emotion dysregulation scale (Gratz and Romer, 2004) was used to collect information. The data were analyzed by multivariate analysis of variance with SPSS-25 software. the results showed that the average impulsivity and behavioral brain system between the group with symptoms of disorder in emotion dysregulation and normal group were significantly different ( p < 0.01 ) . There was no significant difference in the mean of delay discounting between the group with emotional dysregulation disorder symptoms and the normal group (P<0.05). attention to disorders in emotion regulation is important as an important criterion in adolescents educational and preventive aspects .The results showed that the average impulsivity and behavioral brain system between the group with symptoms of disorder in emotion dysregulation and normal group were significantly different ( p < 0.01 ) . There was no significant difference in the mean of delay discounting between the group with emotional dysregulation disorder symptoms and the normal group (P<0.05). attention to disorders in emotion regulation is important as an important criterion in adolescents educational and preventive aspects . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
171 - Features of description in kush name
mohammadnoor ghaedzade khamiri Majid Hajizade Maryam gholamrezabeigiDescribing one of the most effective objects in illustration and a type of expression by which one can create objects, people, behaviors and scenes with words, since the description has a strong link to the epic type, so the poet uses it in his support to visualize and MoreDescribing one of the most effective objects in illustration and a type of expression by which one can create objects, people, behaviors and scenes with words, since the description has a strong link to the epic type, so the poet uses it in his support to visualize and visualize because the element of description is a means to make the various scenes tangible and tangible in the context of epic poetry on the basis of epic poetry. This article examines the subject of description in kush name with descriptive-analytical method. The results show that different subjects such as nature, persons, abstract matters, time, place, objects, gifts, battlefield and animals are described in Kush Nama.In order to demonstrate the descriptive power of the speaker of the system, his descriptions are first looked at in a grammatical aspect and then the analysis of poetic grammatical techniques has been discussed The frequency of grammatical techniques is higher than poetic ones. Among grammatical techniques, adjective has the highest frequency and among poetic techniques, simile has the highest frequency. Furthermore, in this system, the poet sometimes uses a few participlus techniques in describing a single subject and sometimes uses a technique successively in describing different subjects. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
172 - Morphological Analysis and Investigating Good and Evil tale from Haft Peikar of Nezami
Mina Khadem Foghara Ata Mohammad RadmaneshThe Pentad (Khamse) by Nezami is among the literary works that has been attractive for literary people. The poetical narrative of Haft Peikar is the fourth piece from the Pentad that includes adventurous tales. The theme of this piece is the tale of Bahram Gour from bir MoreThe Pentad (Khamse) by Nezami is among the literary works that has been attractive for literary people. The poetical narrative of Haft Peikar is the fourth piece from the Pentad that includes adventurous tales. The theme of this piece is the tale of Bahram Gour from birth to death. One of the tales of the piece is the Good and Evil tale that illustrates Bahram Gour sitting on the dome seat on Thursday and storytelling by the king’s daughter of region VI. In this article, first comes the summary of the tale and then the structure of the tale is analyzed on the basis of Vladimir Propp’s morphological patterns. Propp believed that there are some rules governing all folk tales and after studying them and by correct formulization the structure is obtained. Beside presenting the features of the tale and explaining some elements, the author of the article tries to investigate the structure of the tale through dividing it into smaller structures based on the mentioned patterns and shows that Good and Evil tale is an educational-lyrical tale and one of the moral tales of Haft Peikar collection. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
173 - Review and criticism of the theory "Evil is one of the essentials of the existence of good" in solving the problem of evil
Yadollah rostami The purpose of this article is to examine and criticize the famous theory "Evil is one of the essentials of the existence of good in the world" in response to the lasting doubt of the problem of evil. This point of view seeks to prove that there is no other way to More The purpose of this article is to examine and criticize the famous theory "Evil is one of the essentials of the existence of good in the world" in response to the lasting doubt of the problem of evil. This point of view seeks to prove that there is no other way to achieve and realize good things in the world than to endure evil and pain and suffering, and this is how God made the world. One of the most important critics of this point of view is David Hume, who believes that God, who is omnipotent and purely benevolent and is the creator of the system and laws of nature, why did he not make it in such a way that good can be realized without evil or at least without great evil. According to this critique, God has not faced the work done so to speak. In other words, why does God use the means and purpose system that is specific to humans. It seems that David Hume did not consider the purity of God's benevolence and expediency Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
174 - 〖CO〗_2 storage in aquifer crack reservoir to reduce environmental pollution: Assessing the effects of aperture and fracture orientation
Ehsan Mosavi Parniya Zafari mehran Gholinejad Continuous need for fossil fuels as a source of energy around the world and gradual velocity of renewable energy development, increasing greenhouse gases, including in the atmosphere. For this purpose, strategies to counter global warming and environmental More Continuous need for fossil fuels as a source of energy around the world and gradual velocity of renewable energy development, increasing greenhouse gases, including in the atmosphere. For this purpose, strategies to counter global warming and environmental change are important. Over the last two decades, technology developments of capture and storage in underground formations has been considered aquifer reservoirs are a good method to storage because of high potential. By dissolution of supercritical in aquifer reservoir due to salinity, pressure and temperature, brine density increased from 0.1 to 1 percent and it causes the emergence of instability and fingering in the environmental flow system and convectional mixing phenomenon. In this article, focusing on effect of aperture and fracture orientation parameters on storage in aquifer reservoir, two_dimensional simulation has been investigated by COMSOL multiphysics 4.3 software. Improving storage over a 40 years period is significant as the fracture aperture increases. Also, by reducing fracture orientation relative to vertical, fingerings will advance into aquifer and increase storage safety. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
175 - Polymetal and Au skarn deposit determining of Oshvand index Nahavand
S.T GHafari-Hashemi Mohammad Yazdi Mohammad Fodazi امین Taghilo مهرداد MovahediOshvand Poly Metal Skarn is located 15 km East Nahavand. The index is the first metal index sheet 1:100,000Nahavand which is unique according to the dimensions, carat, and typical of skarn type. Of Geology, Oshvandarea is part of Sanandaj – Sirjan zone; Oshvand Sk MoreOshvand Poly Metal Skarn is located 15 km East Nahavand. The index is the first metal index sheet 1:100,000Nahavand which is unique according to the dimensions, carat, and typical of skarn type. Of Geology, Oshvandarea is part of Sanandaj – Sirjan zone; Oshvand Skarn is composed of penetrating a granite mass of upperCretaceous age into Paleozoic limestone. Mineral is exposed in two sections, Exo-skarn and Endo-skarnapproximately 300 meters long and 65-91 meters wide and 40 meters height.Store is composed more in the eastof skarn,, copper and iron carat was significant in all samples of skarn, and their Average carat is seriate3439ppm and 105273ppm, So for determine the deposit was used Blocking technique because obtained nearestactual tonnage. After estimating storage can expect potential more than 119 kilograms of gold, 1,717.5 tons zinc9,574 tonnes of copper and 296,355 tons of iron. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
176 - Facies analysis, sedimentary environments and sequence stratigraphy of Sachun formation in Zarghan section (folded Zagros zone)
Soolmaz Arzaghi Khosro Khosro tehrani Massih AfghahThe Sachun Formation is one of the lithostratigraphy units in south-west of Iran. This Formation inZarqan section with thickness of 259.6 meters consists of various layers of colored shale/ marl, evaporateand carbonate sediments. It sandewiched between Tarbur and Jahrom MoreThe Sachun Formation is one of the lithostratigraphy units in south-west of Iran. This Formation inZarqan section with thickness of 259.6 meters consists of various layers of colored shale/ marl, evaporateand carbonate sediments. It sandewiched between Tarbur and Jahrom Formations. Its lower contact withthe underlying Tarbur Formation is unconformable, but its upper contact with overlying JahromFormation is conformable.Recognized facies of this formation sediments in Zarqan Section ( foldedZagros zone) comprise carbonate, evaporate and terigenou which divided in two facies belt of tidal flatand lagoon. Totally 11 facies and sub-facies have been recognized; 5 tidal falt, 4 lagoon and 2 terrigenousfacies. Abundance of shallow facies against lack of deep facies indicates that the Sachun Formation havedeposited in a ramp platform. Due to Sequence stratigraphy study of this formation in Zarqan section, onesedimentary sequence has been determined with a type one sequence boundry in its lower contact withTarbur Formation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
177 - Feasibility study of influence of Abshirin and Deh-nar fault on salt structure of Nasr-Abad of Kashan In order to establishment of natural gas storage
Maryam Keshavarz Safiei Mohammad Ali Ganjavian Mohammad Ali Kavoosi Abbas BahroudiIn order to balance between gas produce and gas consumption in cold seasons which accounts as peak time, Gasstorage is as fundamental approaches which guarantee gas of country. In this regard, salt structure of Nasr Abadin Kashan has suitable potential and can be used a MoreIn order to balance between gas produce and gas consumption in cold seasons which accounts as peak time, Gasstorage is as fundamental approaches which guarantee gas of country. In this regard, salt structure of Nasr Abadin Kashan has suitable potential and can be used as the largest site of natural gas storage in central Iran scope.Feasibility study with purpose of determining fault mechanism around the salt structure is an essential thing. Inorder to eliminate ambiguities, field operation is with analysis of the structure and kinetic geometry of faults ,right on the diversion channel , analysis of stereo graphic images, gravity interpretations such as documents ofstrike- slip activity with reverse component of Abshirin fault. Abshirin fault with a length of about 10 km, withapproximate distance of 2-3 km in salt structure is depreciated, which stands in a separation about 3.5 km towardDeh-nar fault as right stepping pattern arrangement . According to the obtained results, finally we concluded thatAbshirin faults and Deh-nar faults are not so significant impact on gas storage site. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
178 - Chaotic Analysis of Climate Change on Parishan Lake's Drought
Farhang Rahmani Mohammad Hadi FattahiChaos theory has been applied for analyzing the mechanism of climate change effect on the drought of Parishan Lake. SPI, as well as several extreme climate indices, is measured, and several parameters (precipitation, evaporation, and temperature) affecting the drought a MoreChaos theory has been applied for analyzing the mechanism of climate change effect on the drought of Parishan Lake. SPI, as well as several extreme climate indices, is measured, and several parameters (precipitation, evaporation, and temperature) affecting the drought are considered. A chaos analysis is finally conducted on them. Under these circumstances, a control basin is considered to investigate the behavior of the trajectories in the phase space under the Parishan sub-basin. The findings indicate that besides climate change impacts, an intra-basin factor has intensified the drought phenomenon. Results reveal that this intra-basin parameter affects the lake's drought more than climate change. Destructive activities, such as the excessive use of underground water resources and conversion of the natural land resources for agricultural use, can be mentioned. Consequently, the control of these parameters (or in other words, permitted abstraction of groundwater and adaptation) is likely to lead to control and mitigate the lake's drought. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
179 - Mineralography and petrography studies in Kahang exploratory zone
Maryam Farmahini Farahani Ahmad Khakzad Hooshang Asadi Mohammad Hashem Emami Iraj RasaKazerun covers one of the most precious and beautiful natural regions of Fars Province. Parishan Conservative,part ofwhich is on the east of Kazerun, is located in Kouhmareh, Nodan and Gerearea. Parishan Lake is alsocalled Famour. This comes from the name of the spring MoreKazerun covers one of the most precious and beautiful natural regions of Fars Province. Parishan Conservative,part ofwhich is on the east of Kazerun, is located in Kouhmareh, Nodan and Gerearea. Parishan Lake is alsocalled Famour. This comes from the name of the spring which is the Lakes main source of water. The sceneryduring spring and fall is very attractive, and the green and flower fields around the lake and presence of wildbirds make a very astonishing natural resort. This lake has been registered as an international pond in RamsarConvention (1971) and as a conservative region in the classification of regions. In this article, a brief study of theanimals and plants specifications of Parishan Lake before fire and also the effective factors on its destruction arepresented. At the end, there is report on the current conditions of the lake after the fire. The Methodologyincludes documentary as well as field study Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
180 - Comparative Analysis Dignity Of AbuSa'id Abolkhair and Sheikh Ahmed Jam (Based on the books Asraraltvhyd and Maghamat Zhendeh pill)
reza JALILI Dignity as a violation of the principles of Sufism that is used outside the range of normal human power has always been a contentious issue between Sunni Islam and Sufism. Proponents, but the dignity of signs of a full knowledge, its approval, but its opponents t More Dignity as a violation of the principles of Sufism that is used outside the range of normal human power has always been a contentious issue between Sunni Islam and Sufism. Proponents, but the dignity of signs of a full knowledge, its approval, but its opponents through to satisfy power and wealth will know Sufi views. In Sofia, AbuSa'id Abolkhair and Sheikh Ahmed Jam are two of the many Dignity have been quoted in many books, so that this real and fictional characters Featuring one of them. On this basis, it will be considered in this research, comparative analysis and explanation of the greatness of thought and behavioral similarities and differences between these two famous mystic. Studies show that the two, despite the proximity distance, intellectual and mystical character of distantly related and each one, with a slight similarity of thought and behavior, in the full knowledge that different valley. So that AbuSa'id Advocate Sufism with love and hope and Sheikh Jam, the adherents of Sufism Ascetic spent with fear. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
181 - Optimal Expansion Planning of MV Power Systems Considering Distributed Generations and Energy Storage Systems
meisam amirahmadi alireza khanbabaIn this paper, an approach is proposed for optimum placement and sizing of distributed generation (DG) and battery energy storage system (BESS) in distribution networks. The objective functions in this paper are includes voltage profile improvement of network busses, lo MoreIn this paper, an approach is proposed for optimum placement and sizing of distributed generation (DG) and battery energy storage system (BESS) in distribution networks. The objective functions in this paper are includes voltage profile improvement of network busses, loss reduction of distribution system, and minimization of installing and operation costs of both DG and BESS. In this paper, the fuel cell-Combined heat and power (CHP) technology is used as DG and nickel/cadmium (Ni/Cd) batteries is used as BESS. It also in this paper are used genetic algorithm (GA) as a means to solve the optimization problem, IEEE 33-bus radial distribution network as test system and Forward/backward sweep technique as load flow method. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
182 - Design and Modeling of Ultrasonic Phased Array Testing and Ultrasonic waves propagation Simulation in Metal Plate by Finite Element Software (ABAQUS)
shahram yareieeUltrasonic Phased Arrays are an emerging technology in nondestructive testing and evaluation. The type of linear phased array probe is a prevailing type in which elements are placed side by side and longitudinally. In this paper ultrasonic phased array testing (UPAT) is MoreUltrasonic Phased Arrays are an emerging technology in nondestructive testing and evaluation. The type of linear phased array probe is a prevailing type in which elements are placed side by side and longitudinally. In this paper ultrasonic phased array testing (UPAT) is introduce and in order to modeling and design UPAT consideration of wave equation solution by Finite Element is proposed. ABAQUS 6.14 is used as finite element software. Wave propagation in two form is simulated, straight and inclined. Direct and sectorial scanning is based on these forms of waves propagation. Time delay is the most important issue that should be considered in UPAT modeling. Results of simulation is verified by comparing previous research in UT field. Finally, results in additional to proposed the obvious view of UPAT, it's so useful for properly design probes and defect detection UPAT devices. Using finite element methods in this field is cost and time effective. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
183 - A review of research on evaporative cooling
نادر رهبرEvaporative cooling systems are systems in which the weather is in direct contact with each other and the air is cooled using the principle of evaporative cooling with increasing humidity. Cheap, straightforward direct evaporative cooling systems have a simple structure MoreEvaporative cooling systems are systems in which the weather is in direct contact with each other and the air is cooled using the principle of evaporative cooling with increasing humidity. Cheap, straightforward direct evaporative cooling systems have a simple structure and low energy consumption. In order to evaluate the performance of evaporative cooling systems, the analysis of the first and second thermodynamic rules for energy analysis can be more useful because it provides a better view and process than the processes performed within the system. The parameters that influence the evaporative cooling systems can be indicated by the temperature of the inlet air, the water temperature, the outlet air velocity and relative humidity, which are empirically correlated with the weather conditions. In this regard, it is possible to choose the optimal system according to the system and the weather conditions; they can provide the comfort of heat. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
184 - The impact of smart materials (nano-technology) with emphasis on reducing energy consumption in the construction industry
melika saadati hasan sajadzadeh saeid kamyabiToday, in modern technology and highly efficient building new science of nanotechnology is introduced as an important benefit numerous applications of nanotechnology can be noted in the construction industry. The ultimate goal of the study of materials at the nanoscale, MoreToday, in modern technology and highly efficient building new science of nanotechnology is introduced as an important benefit numerous applications of nanotechnology can be noted in the construction industry. The ultimate goal of the study of materials at the nanoscale, finding a new class of materials with high performance, which can be defined as materials with high performance and multi-functional. The multi-purpose function, the emergence of new and different properties than conventional material properties so that the materials can provide various applications. Nanotechnology in the construction industry also plays an important role in this regard, most of the steel, glass and concrete play. The technological achievements smart materials can be used in the generation, transmission, and consumption of energy storage with high performance noted. Experts believe nano science, technology, science new horizons will open into the human world, especially in the field of construction materials. In this paper, the research is based on literature review and Internet searches, analytical methods are available; We tried to introduce nano-materials and their application building industry, on how the nano-material technologies of building infrastructure with the definition of pay for the sustainability of the built environment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
185 - CNC milling stability prediction method hallways full third order discretization
Salman Paknazar Mohammad Jafar Ostad Ahmad Ghorabi In this article, prediction of lobe stability diagram is presented with the new method of 3th degree of full discretization that is based on direct integral. First, the dynamic model of milling with delay is developed from condition form to integral form. Then e More In this article, prediction of lobe stability diagram is presented with the new method of 3th degree of full discretization that is based on direct integral. First, the dynamic model of milling with delay is developed from condition form to integral form. Then every period is discretized in limited time sections. Full discretization method is used for manual calculation of system integral. In every small time interval, the Lagrange 3th degree multi term is applied to interpolate the condition part. Furthermore the Lagrange linear multi term is also used for interpolation of delay- and period parts. A discrete dynamic design is achieved. Now it is possible to determine the matrix of condition transition in a time interval. Using this matrix by Floquet theory, lets to predict the stability lobe diagram. A basic example provides verifying of this method by comparison with results from literatures. The MATLAB program to calculate the problem is attached. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
186 - تعیین شاخصهای خشکسالی تنش تبخیری (ESI) و سلامت گیاه (VHI) در حوزه آبخیز تویسرکان به کمک تصاویر ماهوارهای مودیس
سمانه پورمحمدی -
Open Access Article
187 - Investigating the potential of geographic conditions and geomorphology in the storage of water resources using GIS (The studied area is Haj Aligholi Desert)
rahim yosfizadehWater is life resource for living creatures especially human being .Water is the first and necessary toop for industrial development the base for agricultural production .if the mater of water and soil conservation be considered systematically an MoreWater is life resource for living creatures especially human being .Water is the first and necessary toop for industrial development the base for agricultural production .if the mater of water and soil conservation be considered systematically and in the wide spread scale, in fact the consistency of natural environment is fulfilled (rajaei 1382).The resource area is located between 50 35 to 26 36 of north latitude and 12 54 to 46 54 north longitude which reaches from north to alborz mountain frome east to moladeh village, from west to damghan city and from sout to hajaligholi playa . in this area the following villages are located , mehmandoost, dehmolla, kalatimolla, forat,zarrinabadmehdiabad,abbasabadT,vamerzan,bagh,jazan,heidarabad and haji abad which contain a population about 62000 person including damghancity. the main occupation of population of this region is gardening. The disaster of underground water table falling , Stalinization of water, increase of demand and region potential for increasing cultivating lands needs a full study for providing sustainable situation and is one of the most necessary need of the ragion. In order to reach to this aim all geographical, natural and especially geomorphology agents of region were strictly and in the field , using GIS hardware were studied to find the role of them on water resources of this area where is one of the centers of human activities in the field of agriculture . the results show that the geomorphology of the region including tall mountains, affecting on the amount of rainfall, also tectonized limestone formation, have an important role on water provision of the region, which with wide plainheads have the principle role oo feeding underground tables. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
188 - شناسایی و اولویت بندی عوامل کلیدی زیر ساخت به منظور استقرار نظام مدیریت دانش در سازمانهای پروژه محور بررسی موردی پروژههای پیمانکاری هولدینگ معدنکاری توسعه فدک ایرانیان
امیر رحیمی قاضی کلایه مهدی امیری افشاری علی رمضانی -
Open Access Article
189 - ارتباط بین ساختار مدیریتی و تأخیر قیمت سهام در ایران
شیوا پورمحی آبادی حسین بدیعی امیر محمودیان -
Open Access Article
190 - مطالعه رابطه مدیریت دانش باهوش سازمانی
ایرج ساعی ارسی مهدی بهمنش وحیده علیپور -
Open Access Article
191 - Thermal performance enhancement of latent heat storage system using wavy fins and change in tube geometry
Rahman Hamid zahra mehrdoostIn this work, thermal performance improvement of the latent heat energy storage system using wavy fins and change in the heat transfer fluid tube geometry is numerically investigated. The investigated system is a shell and tube heat exchanger and RT35 paraffin is used a MoreIn this work, thermal performance improvement of the latent heat energy storage system using wavy fins and change in the heat transfer fluid tube geometry is numerically investigated. The investigated system is a shell and tube heat exchanger and RT35 paraffin is used as the phase change material. With the constant total cross-section area of the tube and fins as well as the volume of the phase change material, the effect of heat transfer fluid tube shape and the designed fin on the melting process of the phase change material is investigated. Numerical simulation results show that wavy fins accelerate the phase change process compared to conventional straight fins. The complete melting time of the phase change material is reduced by 9.33% compared to the straight fin. Changing the geometry of the heat transfer fluid tube from the circle to the petal shape is proposed to further improve the thermal performance of the latent heat energy storage system. The melting rate of the phase change material increases with the increase in the number of petals. The complete melting time for the tube with seven petals is reduced by 66.7% compared to the circular tube with wavy fins and 69.8% compared to the base case with straight fins. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
192 - The History of the Emergence and Development of Sufi's "Sama" and its Establishment
Mohammad Shirani naser jadidi fizollah boshasb"Sama" is one of the most obvious manifestations of Iranian Sufism, about which different theories have been expressed and there has been a difference between the legislators and the mystics for centuries in refuting or proving it. This study intends to examine the reas More"Sama" is one of the most obvious manifestations of Iranian Sufism, about which different theories have been expressed and there has been a difference between the legislators and the mystics for centuries in refuting or proving it. This study intends to examine the reasons for the formation and development of "Sama" and to examine the efforts of its proponents and opponents to confirm their views and the results that have emerged.To carry out this research, library research method and citing the sources of the opponents and supporters of Sama have been used to illustrate the progress of this Sufi tradition by examining and criticizing various views and opinions and comparing them with the existing documents.On the one hand, one group has tried to prove its sanctity by relying on Quranic verses and quoting the narrations of the Prophet (PBUH) and the Imams (AS), and on the other hand, some people have tried to soften the statements of the opponents by using the same tools and documents. Have been it. Eventually, with the efforts of the proponents, especially Abu Sa'id Abu al-Khair, the ceremony was able to gain a prominent place among Sufis and the people, although in the works of people like Ghazali, conditions and restrictions were considered for it. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
193 - drdg
elham malekzadedfgdggdfgdgg Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
194 - The Effect of Knowledge Management on Organizational Creativity (Case Study: Telecommunication Company of Hamedan)
Mehdi Mortazavi Farzaneh MoniriyanOrganizations to face and deal with uncertainty, maintaining the situation and create creativity in the competitive arena to expand their know ledge management and organizational mutually creativity employees as a strategic needs and necessary for leadership at the comp MoreOrganizations to face and deal with uncertainty, maintaining the situation and create creativity in the competitive arena to expand their know ledge management and organizational mutually creativity employees as a strategic needs and necessary for leadership at the competitiveness, among the priority programmers. As the present study examined the impact of innovation on organizational knowledge management staff Telecom Hamedan Province has been done. in this study the impact of knowledge management aspects, including production and knowledge acquisition, storage and organize knowledge, sharing knowledge, assessing knowledge, applying knowledge, as an independent variable on organizational creativity employees as a dependent variable .The demographic research, telecommunications company employees are Hamedan Province and this research in terms of the target of an applied research and descriptive survey method of data collection and after approval and indicators associated with the independent and dependent variable by the Assembly of Experts, questionnaires stability using Cronbach’s coefficient ./938 is measured in statistical model consists of 250 people who all a number of sampling method is distributed and analyze the data collected using the software Lisrel to assess the pattern of structural equations and SPSS to the regression analysis. The findings of the study showed the dimensions of knowledge management, including production and knowledge acquisition, storage and organize knowledge, sharing knowledge, assessing knowledge, applying knowledge and institutional creativity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
195 - Investigating the physical and tectonic components of architecture effective in the aesthetics of Iran's cultural buildingsCase example: cultural landmark buildings of the last 20 years in Tehran
zhmak mirhadi Mozayyan Dehbash Sharif darab dibaAesthetics itself is the cause of shaping the identity of the future and has a key role as the minister of construction for any cultural evolution. So, aesthetics has been and is an important subject in different sciences, in different arts and especially in architectur MoreAesthetics itself is the cause of shaping the identity of the future and has a key role as the minister of construction for any cultural evolution. So, aesthetics has been and is an important subject in different sciences, in different arts and especially in architecture, this recognition and definitions of beauty, we can see how its relationship with architecture has affected buildings throughout history. Understanding beauty is a divine gift and a mental base that leads to objectivity, and art without it is a body without soul and devoid of attraction. It is difficult to fully understand the concept of aesthetics, but it is possible to understand the factors that are effective in the perception of the pleasantness of the environment. . (Grooter, 1375) Since beauty has objective and subjective aspects, beauty in architecture can be examined in two parts, form and meaning. The aesthetics of the form in which structures and patterns are important can be investigated based on the composition patterns that are rooted in Gestalt aesthetics. Semantic aesthetics is another approach in architectural aesthetics that is rooted in psychological and behavioral sciences and examines the role of association and acceptance of patterns by people. Patterns that are received through experiences, socio-cultural and religious backgrounds The link between architectural form and structure has always existed in Iran's traditional architecture based on many evidences. In this regard, we can refer to buildings such as the tomb of Qaboos bin Ziyar, nicknamed Qaboos Dome in Gorgan, Isfahan Grand Mosque, and Soltanieh Dome. Special technologies are under construction. The evolution of the structure in Iranian architecture has been evolutionary. This continuous historical process, which was accompanied by a huge support from the experiences of the past, is one of the reasons for the increasing progress of Iranian architects of that time in the field of construction techniques. From a long time ago, Iranians were very interested in the beauty and arrangement of buildings, and to achieve this goal, they used all kinds of initiatives and innovations. Harmony, stability and stability in a beautiful eye is one of the wonders of traditional Iranian architecture, which has been achieved to the end of elegance and balance along with meaningful content in the body of the architectural work. Cultural buildings as symbolic and beautiful urban collections create the identity of a city or region that has always been affected by various constructions. Constructions transform the form and body of the building more than anything, which due to the lack of knowledge and influence of the components and the extent of their effects on each other has caused divergence in their form and body. This can be clearly seen in newly built cultural buildings. Technology and the advancement of technologies in the field of construction has caused the appearance of various construction materials and also how they are used in various situations. The present article aims to explain the contribution of each component in creating the beauty of cultural buildings of the present and future period by reading the tectonic components in architecture. The research method is of mixed type, nesting and of qualitative type in quantity. which is compiled using the qualitative part of the quantitative tool. A systematic review of the literature is used to formulate the questions of the qualitative stage and conduct semi-structured interviews with experts to extract concepts in the theoretical field. Then the interview begins with 36 experts who are included in the snowball system and the criteria for entering the research. The results from the 28th person to the theoretical saturation dimension have been data reduction in the qualitative field with open coding with the face description and interpretation approach, in the ATLASTI software. The scope of study is the contemporary cultural buildings of the last two decades of Tehran. In the quantitative part, for the effect of each tectonic component, a Likert scale questionnaire is developed for each component. At this stage, ORIGINPRO software is used for data analysis. The results indicate that based on the results obtained from the regression model, the highest coefficient of determination with a value of (1.000) is related to the construction fan component and the lowest is related to The decoration component is 0.265. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
196 - The Effect of Different Levels of Pumice Mulch and Deficit Irrigation on the Some Physiological Traits and Seed Yield of Corn (Zea mays L.)
Mehdi Nasiri Davoud Zarehaghi Mohammad Reza NeyshabouriMineral mulches, such as pumice, increase water retention of soil, reduce evaporation and optimum water consumption. Use of pumice, thus, can be effective in improving the performance and growth of plant under water stress condition. This research was performed in compl MoreMineral mulches, such as pumice, increase water retention of soil, reduce evaporation and optimum water consumption. Use of pumice, thus, can be effective in improving the performance and growth of plant under water stress condition. This research was performed in completely randomized block design with three replications, four levels pumice, without its use (as control), and use of 30, 60 and 90 tons of pumice per hectare and three levels of irrigation (at 50% severe stress, at 70% moderate stress and at 100% without stress, evaporation from class A evaporation pan to evaluate the effect of treatment on some physiological traits of corn (modified hybrid of Maxima). Physiological traits of corn, was affected significantly by pumice and irrigation. The highest and lowest chlorophyll index, leaf relative water content, stomatal conductance and dry and fresh weight biomass, were obtained from pumice treatment of 90 tons per hectare and the control. The highest and lowest leaf temperature was also obtained from treatments of control and 90 tons per hectare. Chlorophyll index of 90 tons treatment per hectare in comparison with control and 30 tons per hectare of pumice amounted to 52 and 26% respectively. Stomatal conductance of irrigation at 50% evaporation from evaporation pan in comparison with treatments 70 and 100% decreased by 42 and 23% respectively. Thus it can conducted that the use of the 60 tons per hectare of pumice and irrigation at 70% evaporation from evaporation pan would be effective and will significantly affect plant vegetative characteristics and yield of corn. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
197 - Evaluation of the Response of Spring Canola (Brassica napus L.) Cultivars to Delay Sowing Dates
Asadolah Zareei Siahbidi Abbas Rezaeizad Ashkan Asgari Amir Hosein Shirani RadResponse of sowing date on some agronomic traits of spring canola cultivars was studied by using a split plot experiment based on randomized complete block design, during growing seasons of 2014 to 2016 at the research farm of Islamabad Gharb Station, Iran. Planting dat MoreResponse of sowing date on some agronomic traits of spring canola cultivars was studied by using a split plot experiment based on randomized complete block design, during growing seasons of 2014 to 2016 at the research farm of Islamabad Gharb Station, Iran. Planting dates were considered as the main plot in three levels from October 7 to 27 and eleven spring canola cultivars as sub plot. In both years, planting dates of October 27 after emergence due to cold and frost was eliminated and the results of analysis of variance were carried out for two planting dates of October 7 and October 17. The results showed that the effect of planting date was significant on the seed yield. Mean seed yield of cultivars were 3738 kg.ha-1 on October 7th and 2245 kg.ha-1 on October17th, respectively. The cultivar Jerry produced the highest (4123 kg.ha-1) and the RGS003 lowest seed yields (2464 kg.ha-1). On planting date 7th of October, the highest seed yield was related to Jerry cultivar and the lowest seed yield was related to the Hyola 401 cultivar (1794 kg.ha-1) on the 17th of October. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
198 - Physical Seed Treatment and Their Effects on Seedling Emergence and Yield of Ribwort Plantain (Plantago lanceolata) in Delayed Sowing Date
Bahram MirshekariTo investigate the possibility of improving seedling emergence, stand establishment and yield of late sown ribwort plantain (Plantago lanceolata) by seed priming pot and field experiments were conducted at the Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran during 2013. The ribwo MoreTo investigate the possibility of improving seedling emergence, stand establishment and yield of late sown ribwort plantain (Plantago lanceolata) by seed priming pot and field experiments were conducted at the Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran during 2013. The ribwort plantain seeds were differently treated by ultrasonication, laser, magnetic field, gamma and beta irradiations all for 3.5 and 5 min. and were sown on 5th and 20th of May. All of the seed priming treatments reduced seedling emergence time, 50 % of seedling emergence and mean emergence time as compared with control. Highest seedling dry weight (0.49 g.plant-1) resulted from magnetic field treatment for 5 min. followed by magnetic field for 3.5 min. and ultrasonic treatments (0.40 g.plant-1). A further reduction in exposure time of magnetic field from 5 to 3.5 min. decreased seedling vigor index. When seeds were sown in 5th and 20th May, maturity period of plots treated with magnetic field and ultrasonic happened to range between 112.2 and 99.7 days after sowing, respectively. Leaf area index remained statistically unaffected due to a delay of 15 days in sowing date. Under field conditions, there was not significant difference between seed yields from sowing dates, and the yield ranged from 176 kg.ha-1 in control, gamma and beta irradiations up to 211 kg.ha-1 in magnetic field and ultrasonic treatments. It can be concluded that priming ribwort plantain seeds by magnetic field and ultrasonic waves would effectively be used to improve the crop performance and yield especially in late sown plants. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
199 - The role of traffic massages on the promotion of traffic culture from Tehran’s citizens (Analyzing two TV programs of Safar bekheyr and Tazehaye Traffic Television)
Khadijeh Fallahi Pirouz Haji Mohammad Ahmadi Seyyed Mohammad DadgaranThe research methodology in this study is descriptive-survey.A questionnaire is randomly divided between 384 people from North, Center, South, East and West and from each region 96 questionnaires distributed and collected and using SPSS software gathered data were analy MoreThe research methodology in this study is descriptive-survey.A questionnaire is randomly divided between 384 people from North, Center, South, East and West and from each region 96 questionnaires distributed and collected and using SPSS software gathered data were analyzed. The results show that, there is a positive relationship between mentioned TV programs and the promotion of traffic culture. With 95 percent confidence it can be said that these programshas a positive relationship with traffic culture, and with the increase in broadcasting such programs with traffic issues, traffic culture also will be upgraded. These findings indicate that, there is a positive correlation between the social class of audiences of television programs and improvement of traffic culture, and in addition, there is a positive relationship between the geographic location and improving traffic culture. Finally, the results show that, traffic programs, especially differentiated by gender caused to the promotion of traffic culture. According to data there is a significant difference between audiences in different parts of Tehran and with 95% confidence it can be stated that, the affected people in different regions is different. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
200 - Reviewing the sharing and differentiation of the invitation to goodness and the commandment of the famous in the Quran Emphasizing verse 104 al-imran
Sabooreh Hosseini Tarzami Samad Abdolli AbedThe first step in understanding the teachings of the Quran is the knowledge and understanding of the meaning of the Quranic words. In Arabic, sometimes, for a meaning of a word, there are several terms that sometimes they are similar in semantic field and paranoid words MoreThe first step in understanding the teachings of the Quran is the knowledge and understanding of the meaning of the Quranic words. In Arabic, sometimes, for a meaning of a word, there are several terms that sometimes they are similar in semantic field and paranoid words, sometimes with semantic and existential differences. one of the Quranic words, words phrases It is related to the field of good deeds. because their concepts, although seemingly synonymous, appear to be synonymous with their application in the Qur'anic verses, which means that although these two terms belong to a semantic domain and they have a meaning close to each other, but they can not substitute one another, and this is a sign of their semantic difference; it is seen in verse 104 of Al-Imran (which says))and, from among you, a group of people, to invite people [to goodness and to persuade the work of the chamber and to prevent ugliness, and they are the same prosperous.)) The famous verse is used in this verse, where no one can be placed elsewhere. The two words in the meaning of goodness are similar in meaning and goodness; good is every good act (including goodness to others) attributed to God, but not known to God, because something intellectually or Shari'a is well-known and good, does not mean God. Due to the syntax of the verse, the turning the command of the famous and the forbidding of the vice is a special turning point to the general Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
201 - -
Zahra Abbasi یداله دادگر Seyyed mohammadreza Ayati -
Open Access Article
202 - The possibility of inferring the justice system as fairness from within the discourses of the Islamic Republic
afshin habibzadeh kolli Reza Akbari noori khodayar mortazavi aslThe concept of justice and the system based on it has always been one of the important topics of political thought and philosophy. John Rawls, one of the greatest contemporary political philosophers of the West, in his book Justice as Fairness, tries to explain in a pol MoreThe concept of justice and the system based on it has always been one of the important topics of political thought and philosophy. John Rawls, one of the greatest contemporary political philosophers of the West, in his book Justice as Fairness, tries to explain in a political understanding of justice, the necessities of realizing the greatest possible freedom and equality for the citizens of a democratic society.The main question is to what extent is it possible to infer the justice system as fairness according to Rawls from the discourses of the Islamic Republic? In this connection, one of the main topics is the discussion about the ratio of public interests and individual and group interests, because according to Rawls, the justice system is the institutionalized area of public interests, which is due to the institutions of the basic structure of society, which is also associated with the existence of the country or The existence of the nation-state is ongoing. In this regard, the opinions of Morteza Motahari and Abdullah Javadi Amoli, two well-known clerics, have been examined as the main conceptualizers of the analysis of the discourse of justice, from which the possibility of extracting a theory of justice close to justice as fairness can be calculated. The result is that Motahari's point of view is more capable of interpreting the justice system as fairness in the discourse of political Islam than Javadi Amoli's point of view. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
203 - تاثیر فرمول cfg برآزمونهای لغت چهارگزینه ای و بله / خیر
عبدالله برادران سعیده آهنگری شکوه رشوند در این تحقیق تاثیر فرمول استانداردcfg بر آزمونهای چهارگزینه ای و بله/خیر زبان آموزان خانم سطح متوسط در یک موسسه زبان انگلیسی بررسی گردیده است. روش تصحیح اوراق استفاده از یک فرمول بارم بندی است که بارم پاسخ های درست – پاسخ های نادرست و سئوالات بی جواب را بگو More در این تحقیق تاثیر فرمول استانداردcfg بر آزمونهای چهارگزینه ای و بله/خیر زبان آموزان خانم سطح متوسط در یک موسسه زبان انگلیسی بررسی گردیده است. روش تصحیح اوراق استفاده از یک فرمول بارم بندی است که بارم پاسخ های درست – پاسخ های نادرست و سئوالات بی جواب را بگونه ای در نظر گرفته که افزایش نمرات از روی حدس/گمان تقریبا" به صفر رسیده است. نمرات زبان آموزان یکبار با استفاده از فرمول cfg و یکبار بدون استفاده از فرمول فوق در دو شکل چهارگزینه ای و بله/خیر مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است. انتخاب آزمونهای چهارگزینه ای و بله/خیر انتخاب جواب از روی حدس/گمان را مرتفع یا حداقل بطرز قابل ملاحظه ای کاهش می دهد.چرا که احتمال افزایش نمره با در نظر گرفتن فاکتور حدس همواره در این دو نوع آزمون مشهود بوده است. محقق روش تصحیح با در نظر گرفتن فاکتور حدس = عدم دانش کافی= در آزمونهای لغت چهارگزینه ای و بله/خیر را یکبار با استفاده و یکبار بدون استفاده از فرمولcfg مورد بررسی قرارداده است تا مشخص نماید زبان آموزان واقعا" به جواب سئوالات واقف بوده و یا از روی حدس و گمان به پاسخ صحیح دست یافته اند. این تحقیق فرصتی استثنایی برای مقایسه نمرات آزمونهای چهارگزینه ای و بله/خیر در شرایطی که زبان آموزان تعداد سئوالاتی برابر با مفادی یکسان در هر دو شکل آزمون در دسترس داشته اند ایجاد نموده است. نتایج این تحقیق حاکی از آن است که تفاوت قابل ملاحظه ای در نمرات زبان آموزان با استفاده از این فرمول و بدون استفاده از آن وجود داشته است. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
204 - Comparative Study of Payment Demur Compensation in Imamiyeh Jurisprudence, Iran's Law and Vienna 1980 Convention
hossein ahamari parviz zokaeianPayment demur compensation is an old legal subject. After revolution, the jurists of guard council, on the basis of principle 4 of constitution, declared that damage for payment demur is not legitimate. After that, because of the enhancement of liquidity and inflation a MorePayment demur compensation is an old legal subject. After revolution, the jurists of guard council, on the basis of principle 4 of constitution, declared that damage for payment demur is not legitimate. After that, because of the enhancement of liquidity and inflation and damages on oblige for late approval, especially in banking affairs, the guard council was forced to review and accept the damage for late approval provided that receiving damages is required in agreement, if the obligor delays beyond due date. Finally, on 1379, legislator ratified the damage for payment demur in article 515 of civil procedure. In this article, merely the legal and jurisprudential Dimension of "damage for payment demur " in the laws of Iran and Vienna 1980 convention has been studied. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
205 - An Analysis of the Effects of Suspension Proceedings on the Rights of Parties
Gholamreza Pir Jahangir Bahram Taghipour Abolhassan Mojtahed SoleymaniSuspension of proceedings is contrary to the principle of resolving disputes in the shortest time. Based on the occurrence of some causes, the suspension may be suspended so that the suspension ultimately undermines the rights of the parties or one of the parties to the MoreSuspension of proceedings is contrary to the principle of resolving disputes in the shortest time. Based on the occurrence of some causes, the suspension may be suspended so that the suspension ultimately undermines the rights of the parties or one of the parties to the dispute. The death and stoning of each of the parties to the dispute is one of the instances that impedes the proceedings and suspends the proceedings, or that the suspension may be due to a third party's protest or a court order to detain the trial. Examples of the suspension of proceedings in the Civil Procedure Act and the law of execution of sentences seem to be true. However, the legislator has neglected to use the term delay, rather than a suspense, a clear example of which can be found in articles 423 and 434. In both cases, the order is suspended, but the legislator has used the word delay. In this article, the concept of suspending the proceedings and some of its examples are selectively evaluated and discussed, in order to be able to accurately comment on this impediment in the course of the proceedings. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
206 - Jurisprudential Reflection on the Signified of Article 440 in Islamic Penal statute
Seyyedeh Mahboubeh Hassani Abolhasskolaei Mohammad Mohseni Dehkalany Ali Akbar JahaniWhen a criminal is sentenced to retaliation for crimes less than death, the demand of someone who has been committed a crime against him is sufficient for retaliation. This question may be raised that whether the complete retaliation of an injury of criminal, prior to t MoreWhen a criminal is sentenced to retaliation for crimes less than death, the demand of someone who has been committed a crime against him is sufficient for retaliation. This question may be raised that whether the complete retaliation of an injury of criminal, prior to the establishment of full recovery in the real crime victim is permissible or not? Famous jurists based on the Qur'anic generalities and absolutes, and no-spread principle, made the license of retaliation before recovery of their own principle. In contrast, some jurists have not accepted the license of retaliation before recovery. And some others have divided between the injuries that are typically spreading and injuries which do not spread. It is noteworthy that the legislator has provided and presented in Article 440 of Islamic Penal statute. But before executing a life retaliation, the heir authority should pay the blood money of crime as retaliating perpetrator`s. And if the emerged spread is considered unintentionally, the perpetrator is condemned to pay the blood money which is committed by the spread, and does not diminish the amount of the blood money retaliation. The authors, after reviewing the issue and with great care in its documentation, believe that the lack of retaliation permission has no legal basis. Ultimately, they choose “the divisiveness view” as their choice. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
207 - A search in the jurisprudential and legal foundations of the legitimacy of gamete storage in the reproductive process and its practical fruits
Behnam GHanbarpurWith the change in people's lifestyles in the contemporary world, some of the previous priorities such as marriage and childbearing have faded, but issues such as continuing education and employment have become top priorities, instead. The delay in the proper timing of MoreWith the change in people's lifestyles in the contemporary world, some of the previous priorities such as marriage and childbearing have faded, but issues such as continuing education and employment have become top priorities, instead. The delay in the proper timing of marriage among young people prevented the couple from having children in the golden opportunities of fertility. Evidence suggests that sometimes this plague of delay has deprived some families of the gift of having children. The use of gamete storage technology in adolescence is a way to achieve childbearing for couples who, for whatever reason, have delayed fertility. The present study seeks to answer the question of what the ruling on this new achievement of genetic science in gamete storage is. The author considers the ruling to be permissible in view of the various benefits of this technology, citing reasons such as the principle of correctness, impropriety, the principle of treatment and the treatment of secondary topics, due to precautionary aspects. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
208 - Jurisprudential Study of the Time of Calculation of Compensation for Late Payment in Administrative Offenses of Rejection of Monetary Property
Ali Akbar Youssefi rad Seyyed Hossein Sadat Hosseni Ramazan DehghanIn criminal offenses with restitution of property, such as robbery and fraud, if found guilty of the said crimes and attributed to the accused, in addition to the sentence of legal punishment, the accused is also sentenced to restitute property of theft and fraud by law MoreIn criminal offenses with restitution of property, such as robbery and fraud, if found guilty of the said crimes and attributed to the accused, in addition to the sentence of legal punishment, the accused is also sentenced to restitute property of theft and fraud by law. If the plaintiff files a claim for delayed payment of damages along with a criminal complaint, given that there may be several times in criminal cases (1. Time when theft or fraud was committed; 2, Time for filing a complaint in the court; 3. Time of final verdict), the court will sentence the accused to pay damages for the loss of value of the money, called delayed payment, at a specific time. According to Article 522 of the Code of Civil Procedure, which considers the claim to be the basis for delay payment in the above cases, one of the abovementioned times will be selected as the claim. However, it can be added that since Article 522 considers the basis of calculation to be the time of claim, should the liability determined so that the time of claim may be regarded as the basis of calculation. Whenever liability has not yet been determined or the accused refuses crimes (robbery and fraud), and on the other hand, the amount of debt is still uncertain, should the time of filing a complaint be the basis of calculating delayed payment or one of the abovementioned times should be the basis of calculations? It seems that the time for calculating delayed payment of crimes with restitution of money is the time when theft or fraud was committed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
209 - The Effectiveness of Neuropsychological Early Interventions Package on Processing Speed of Children with Developmental Cognitive Delay
mohammad hosseinali zade Salar Faramarzi ahmad abediThe aim of the present study was to Effectiveness of Neuropsychological Early Interventions Package on processing speed of Children with Developmental Cognitive Delay. The research method was a pretest-posttest quasi-experimental design with follow-up and control group. MoreThe aim of the present study was to Effectiveness of Neuropsychological Early Interventions Package on processing speed of Children with Developmental Cognitive Delay. The research method was a pretest-posttest quasi-experimental design with follow-up and control group. The research population consisted of 4-6 year-old children with Developmental Cognitive Delay who were under training in kindergartens and preschool centers in Tabriz. The multistage random sampling method was employed in such a way that three regions were selected randomly and from each of them, three kindergartens and pre-school centers were randomly selected. The interventions were designed by the researchers. Then, the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence-3 (WPPSI-III) was administered on children for screening, and the number of 30 students with development cognitive delays and enjoyed inclusion criteria were randomly selected and divided into two experimental and control groups. Afterwards, a 16-session neuropsychological intervention program was performed on the experimental group and the control group did not receive any intervention. Data were analyzed by the repeated measures ANOVA using SPSS- 22. The results indicated that there was a significant difference between the subjects in the experimental group and control group in terms of processing speed in post-test and follow up stages (P <0.05). As a result, it can be concluded that a neuropsychological interventions package has led to an increase in processing speed in children with development cognitive delays. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
210 - Evaluation and comparison of estimation of evapotranspiration of wheat crop using Sabal algorithm and Penman-Montith method in Chah-e-Nimeh region of Sistan and Baluchestan
Ahmad Raissi Gholam Ali Mozaffari Hamid Reza ghafarian malmiriEstimation of plant water consumption or evapotranspiration is necessary for management and planning of water and agricultural resources, hydrological balance as well as approximate estimation of crop yield. There are various methods for determining evapotranspiration o MoreEstimation of plant water consumption or evapotranspiration is necessary for management and planning of water and agricultural resources, hydrological balance as well as approximate estimation of crop yield. There are various methods for determining evapotranspiration on a small scale using field measurements such as lysimeters, which are highly accurate but are not widely used due to their high cost and difficulty. For this reason, methods based on telemetry and the use of satellite imagery have received more attention from researchers. Therefore, due to the importance of the subject in this study, the evapotranspiration in the Chah region of Sistan and Baluchestan was estimated using satellite images and Sabal algorithm. In this research, Landsat 8 satellite images for 1396 and 1398 have been used and to compare the results obtained from the remote sensing method (Sabal), from the data of the synoptic meteorological station of Zahak city to estimate evapotranspiration by FAO-Penman-Montith method has been used. Using statistical indicators such as relative error and explanatory coefficient, the ability and performance of remote sensing and Sabal algorithm were investigated. Thus, the values of statistical indices in 1396 and 1398 for the coefficient of determination are 0.82 and 0.95, respectively, for the root mean square error (RMSE) with values of 2.15 and 1.27, respectively, as well as the mean error Absolute (MAE) values are 1.49 and 1.11, respectively, and finally the mean oblique error (MBE) is 0.27 and 0.09, respectively.The results indicate the acceptable accuracy of the Sabal algorithm in estimating actual evapotranspiration. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
211 - Perspective of spatio-temporal changes of evapotranspiration in Karun catchment basin during future periods and under greenhouse gases emission scenarios
hossein behzadi karimi Gholamali Mozafari Kamal Omidvar Ahmad MazidiIn this study, the perspects of evapotranspiration changes in Karun catchment were investigated using Hargreaves- Samani method, LARS-WG6 downscaling model, and output of HadGEM2-ES model, under scenarios of RCPs for three periods of 2021-2040, 2041-2060 and 2061-2080 a MoreIn this study, the perspects of evapotranspiration changes in Karun catchment were investigated using Hargreaves- Samani method, LARS-WG6 downscaling model, and output of HadGEM2-ES model, under scenarios of RCPs for three periods of 2021-2040, 2041-2060 and 2061-2080 as compared to the period 1996-2015. The results show that the minimum average annual temperature in the catchment increases between 1.2 to 3.4 °C and the maximum temperature increases between 1.3 to 3.7 °C in future periods compared to the base period. The amount of evapotranspiration will increase in monthly, seasonal and annual time scales in the future climate, compared to the current conditions, so that the maximum increase in annual evapotranspiration in the distant future period and under the RCP8.5 scenario will be equal to 12.3% compared to the base period. The twenty-year box plot in future periods under different scenarios show that the highest evapotranspiration uncertainty occurs in the period 2061-2080 and under the scenarios RCP8.5 and RCP4.5 respectively. According to zoning maps of evapotranspiration changes in the basin, the highest amount of evapotranspiration changes will occur during the period 2061-2080 and under the RCP8.5 scenario in the western regions of the basin. Considering that Karun River originates from the mountainous areas on the north of the basin, increasing the temperature and in turn, increasing evapotranspiration in future periods will reduce the level of snow coverage in the area and will have significant negative effects on the flow of Karun River and can thus reduce the water resources of the basin. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
212 - Analysis of the effect of drought phenomenon on dust events in different regions of Ghazvin province
Samira Zandifar mohammad khosroshahi Zohre Ebrahimi-KhusfiThis study was conducted to investigate the effect of drought on dust events in different cities of Qazvin province. Rainfall and temperature data were used to calculate the standardized precipitation-evapotranspiration index (SPEI) and three-hourly dust events data wer MoreThis study was conducted to investigate the effect of drought on dust events in different cities of Qazvin province. Rainfall and temperature data were used to calculate the standardized precipitation-evapotranspiration index (SPEI) and three-hourly dust events data were used to calculate the number of dusty days in the study stations. Based on the Spearman correlation coefficient, the impact of dust events on the drought phenomenon was investigated by considering different time delays. The maximum correlation between SPEI and the number of dusty days in Ghazvin city without considering the time delay of -0.38 and at the level of 99%, was significant, indicating the simultaneous impact of dust events from the drought phenomenon in the center of the province. The results also showed that the response time of dust events to meteorological drought with a delay of one year in Moallem Kalayeh city is significant at 90% confidence level (r = -0.52). Meanwhile, in other cities of Ghazvin province, no significant relationship was observed between the two phenomena of dust occurrence and meteorological drought. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
213 - Studying the effect of evapotranspiration on the temperature near the surface of the earth using the LCZ algorithm in Tehran and Alborz provinces.
Ali teymoori Saeed Jahanbakhsh Ali mohammad Khorshid DostEarth surface temperature changes can affect various environmental factors and elements, and by affecting bioclimatic comfort, energy consumption, plant and animal phenology, air pollutant concentration, soil and air moisture density, and other environmental factors can MoreEarth surface temperature changes can affect various environmental factors and elements, and by affecting bioclimatic comfort, energy consumption, plant and animal phenology, air pollutant concentration, soil and air moisture density, and other environmental factors can also be affected by these factors.In this research, in order to investigate the role of actual evaporation-transpiration on the temperature of the earth's surface at ten meters, the variables of carbon monoxide, water vapor density, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, ozone, water vapor pressure and wind speed in twelve uses With the help of LCZ algorithm, determined for Tehran and Alborz provinces, have been studied and investigated.The studied area has a high potential for the occurrence of thermal islands due to special geographical conditions such as location, variety of man-made structures and special ecological conditions. In this research, according to the impact of the studied variables and the need to examine the relationships between them, hierarchical clustering in a combined manner, path analysis method and remote sensing techniques have been used. According to the obtained results, among the studied variables, actual evaporation-transpiration in none of the uses had a significant effect on increasing or decreasing the temperature of the ground surface at 10 meters. Water vapor pressure in class 14 (areas with grassy vegetation) shows the greatest effect in increasing the temperature of the earth's surface.Based on the obtained results, the type of use is highly dependent on the impact of the studied variables on the surface temperature of the earth. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
214 - Investigating karst development using hydrological and hydrochemical characteristics of springs (case study: Roein basin in North Khorasan province)
mohammad motamedirad Leila gholi Mokhtari Shahram Bahrami Mohammad ali zanganeh asadiIn order to study the development of karst, using the hydrological and hydrochemical characteristics of the springs in Roein Basin, 19 springs were identified in the study area.To calculate and analyze parameters such as discharge and hydrograph of springs, Recession Co MoreIn order to study the development of karst, using the hydrological and hydrochemical characteristics of the springs in Roein Basin, 19 springs were identified in the study area.To calculate and analyze parameters such as discharge and hydrograph of springs, Recession Coefficient, volume of dynamic storage, Estimate of recession coefficient, drawing Piper diagram, ratio of calcium to magnesium, saturation index, determining the type of reservoir rock. And the karst geomorphology of the study area was investigated.The hydrograph of the springs in the study area shows the delay time between the peak rainfall and the peak discharge in the springs, where the maximum discharge of the spring reaches its maximum with a delay of about two or three months. The low Recession Coefficient and the volume of dynamic storage of the aquifer indicate the low development of karst. The saturation index shows that the spring water samples collected from the study area are all saturated and supersaturated. Piper's diagram in the study area showed that most of the springs have bicarbonate-calcic-magnesic type. Based on the index of Ca/Mg ratio, they have a dolomite aquifer. The type of reservoir rock in the region showed that the type of reservoir rock in the region is dolomite and calcareous dolomite and the geomorphology and field observations in the region showed that there are no advanced karst forms in the region.It can be said that the karst system of the region is not developed and many karst geomorphological forms are not observed in the region. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
215 - پهنه بندی تبخیر-تعرق پتانسیل استان آذربایجان شرقی به کمک داده های دورسنجی فرآورده مودیس
مجید رضایی بنفشه سعید جهانبخش اصل سید ابوالفضل مسعودیان فاطمه جعفری شندیدر این پژوهش، پهنه­بندی داده­های فرآورده­ی تبخیر-تعرق پتانسیلاستان با هدف شناسایی پهنه­های اقلیمی از نظر تبخیر-تعرق پتانسیل و بررسی تغییرات مکانی و زمانی آن در هر پهنه انجام شده است. برای تحقق این هدف از داده­های­ فرآورده­ی دورسنجی MOD16A2 سن Moreدر این پژوهش، پهنه­بندی داده­های فرآورده­ی تبخیر-تعرق پتانسیلاستان با هدف شناسایی پهنه­های اقلیمی از نظر تبخیر-تعرق پتانسیل و بررسی تغییرات مکانی و زمانی آن در هر پهنه انجام شده است. برای تحقق این هدف از داده­های­ فرآورده­ی دورسنجی MOD16A2 سنجنده­ی مودیس در فواصل زمانی 8 روزانه در بازه­ی زمانی 2014-2000 استفاده گردید. جهت پهنه­بندی استان از نظر میانگین بلندمدت تبخیر-تعرق پتانسیل در مقیاس 8 روزانه، پایگاه داده­ای با آرایه­ای به ابعاد 46 × 388 × 321 تولید شد. خوشه­بندی تبخیر-تعرق پتانسیل به منظور تعیین پهنه­های تبخیر-تعرق پتانسیلاستان به روش وارد روی داده­های 8 روزانه انجام شد. نخست استان به دو پهنه­ی تبخیر-تعرق پتانسیلیک و دو تقسیم شد که خوشه­بندی مجدد آن­ها چهار پهنه­در گستره­ی استان نمایان ساخت. نتایج پژوهش ضمن نشان دادن تغییرات مکانی تبخیر-تعرق پتانسیلاستان، منعکسکننده­ی تغییرات آندر چهار پهنه­ی همگن تبخیر-تعرق پتانسیل می­باشد. از این­رو در مدیریت منابع آب در چهار پهنه­ی­ همگن می­تواند نقش قابل توجهی داشته باشد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
216 - Investigation how to establishment Vetiver Grass with the approach of controlling Sediment yield and Run-off in Rangelands (Case Study: Vaz watershed)
shabanali gholamiIn the present study, Vetiver Grass has been planted on the slopes of Gazna Sara of watershed in Nour city of Mazandaran Province in two pilots and in the different slope and directions and on five lines (on countered lines) and in the watershed of each pilot. For takin MoreIn the present study, Vetiver Grass has been planted on the slopes of Gazna Sara of watershed in Nour city of Mazandaran Province in two pilots and in the different slope and directions and on five lines (on countered lines) and in the watershed of each pilot. For taking care of plants, it was enclosure and during the summer, irrigation was performed three times. The results showed that Vetiver Grass in the pilot (1) absolutely have been deployed, but in the pilot (2) Vetiver Grass has been established in the first half of year but in the second half the plant was died due to frost in low temperature (-12C°). Therefore, the survival rate in the pilot (1) reached 90% and in the pilot (2) in the first half to 60 percent but in the second half was zero. Vetiver grass could bear the maximum and minimum temperatures (29 and -9 C°) as well as the maximum and minimum relative humidity (100 and 40%). And also it has shown consistent in soil with a PH =7.5 and EC = 794 Micro-seimenc. It's average shoot and root growth the plant in the pilot (1) in the first year was 41 and 52 cm, respectively and in the pilot (2) in the first six months was 26 and 32 Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
217 - Evaluation of Rainwater Harvesting Methods and its effect on vegetation and soil characteristics (Case studies: Bolbol pasture of Ashkzar)
Ali zare mohammad ali Hakimzadeh Ali akbar karimianIn the present study, the contour furrow operation germinated with seeding was evaluated in Bolbol pasture with 108 mm of annual rainfall and 4.47% vegetation cover. For this purpose, two control sites and contour furrow sites were identified and the characteristics of MoreIn the present study, the contour furrow operation germinated with seeding was evaluated in Bolbol pasture with 108 mm of annual rainfall and 4.47% vegetation cover. For this purpose, two control sites and contour furrow sites were identified and the characteristics of vegetation and soil within each site were investigated. Vegetation characteristics include: total canopy cover, density, Artemisia canopy cover, uniformity indices, richness and diversity of species and soil parameters include: Soil permeability, soil moisture and carbon stabilization. According to the results of analysis of variance, the effect of contour furrow on the Artemisia canopy cover, the percentage of total canopy cover, uniformity and richness of species and soil moisture in May was significant at 1% and the effect of furrows on species richness at 5% was significant. Implementation of furrow operations with an average 550 m lenth per hectare has increased the vegetation canopy cover by 1.32% and the Artemisia canopy cover by 1.08%. Increase in vegetation canopy cover on the furrow site Due to the moisture stored in the furrow, which is 20% higher than the control site in May, more suitable conditions are created for vegetation inside the furrow. The maximum ecological potential of the study area and regions with similar climatic and adaptive conditions is 1.32% increasing canopy cover of vegetation, which should be considered in the executive plans. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
218 - The Effect of Biomechanical Operations on Rangeland Vegetation (Case Study: Rangelands of Abarkooh, Yazd)
saeede sedghiExecution of rainfall storage operationsis is one of the most important methods of improving and restoring rangeland vegetation. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of rainfall storage on vegetation factors in winter rangelands of Abarkooh, Yazd. The succ MoreExecution of rainfall storage operationsis is one of the most important methods of improving and restoring rangeland vegetation. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of rainfall storage on vegetation factors in winter rangelands of Abarkooh, Yazd. The success of biomechanical operations was evaluated through the analysis of vegetation factors including canopy cover, production, regeneration, and density in four treatments: control, pitting, contour furrows, and crescent ponds. The sample was selected through random – systematical method of sampling with the establishment of transects and plots. One-way between groups ANOVA was run in order to analyze the data. The results showed that the studied factors had a significant difference at the statistical level of one percent (P <0.01). So that in the crescent ponds method Percentage of canopy, production, density and regeneration of plant species had the highest value with 8.5, 39.25, 6.6 and 3.9, respectively, in comparison with the other two methods. These factors did not show a significant difference with the control in contour furrows and Pitting methods. The results of this study showed that crescent ponds had a greater effect on restoration and increase of vegetation compared with contour furrows meter and pitting methods. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
219 - Effect of Conservation on Physical and Chemical Properties of Gisum Forest Park Soil and Dr. Dorostkar Warehouse in province Guilan
sajedeh rezaipoorjolandanExcessive presence of livestock as well as forest dwellers in the villages around the forest are the most important factors that have accelerated the process of destruction of forest ecosystems. Area protection is one ofthe simple management improvement methods that imp MoreExcessive presence of livestock as well as forest dwellers in the villages around the forest are the most important factors that have accelerated the process of destruction of forest ecosystems. Area protection is one ofthe simple management improvement methods that improves the physical and chemical conditions of the soil. This study was conducted to determine the effect of grazing management of livestock (wildlife and domestic livestock) and human presence on physical and chemical properties of soil in two protected areas with an area of 171 hectares and unprotected with an area of 1123.1 hectares inGuilan province. Systematic sampling method was used starting with a random point with a grid size of 150 × 200 meters and a total of 60 samples were taken in both protected and unprotected areas. Inside each sample plot, a mixture of topsoil (depth 0 to 20) was taken to decompose some of the most important physical and chemical properties of the soil and transferred to the laboratory. The results obtained from the two-way t-student test showed that in relation to the physical properties of the soil, two factors, saturated moisture and sand, and in relation to the chemical properties of the soil, only potassium in the two regions showed significant differences. In general, the mean values of bulk density, saturated moisture, clay, silt, organic carbon and potassium in the unprotected area were higher than the obtained protected area and the other factors in the protected area had a higher average value than the unprotected area. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
220 - Resistance Analysis of three Forest Reserves of Semirom (Esfahan province)
محسن Elahi مسلم Akbarinia Nowadays, many countries and governments are finding alternatives for sustainable management for theirs forest resources. It is a must to consider available forest resource in point of permanent criteria, in order to get this important issue. For comparison of f More Nowadays, many countries and governments are finding alternatives for sustainable management for theirs forest resources. It is a must to consider available forest resource in point of permanent criteria, in order to get this important issue. For comparison of forest reserves(Chalghafa, Daghbashi and Tang Khoshk) of Semirom,Esfahan province, obtaining the resource of sustainable management make more easier. According to permanent standards and resource sites priority for comprising of this forest reserves 8 criteria to be considered such as extent ,biodiversity, health and survival, product roles, erosion, socio – economical issues, legal criterion, organizational guideline and quality. These criteria are included overall 19 sub criteria. So Multi-Criteria Decision Making Methods (MCDMM) has used because of problem complexity. The hierarchical formed in the 4 levels that is purpose, criteria, sub criteria and options. Some of the criteria and as a result some sub criteria were qualitative. For accessing integrated and logical results, we benefit specialist cooperation . The results showed that socio – economical problem are more important than the other criteria in priority. Also, final results of Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) indicated that Chalghafa forest reserve in respect of sustainable forest management is in a higher situation than Daghbashi and Tang Khoshk forest reserves. According to obtained results, it is suggested that Chalghafa forest reserve site would be considered as a symbol area. Other yard sticks that to be exposed by human, we should change other forest resources or city’s forest reserves corresponding to this resource sites so it causes to sustainable forest management. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
221 - Drought Stress and Strategies to cope with it in Crops
Esmaeil Gholinezhad Reza Darvishzadeh Abbas AbhariDrought stress affects various aspects of plant growth (vegetative growth, reproductive growth, flower formation, pollination, fertilization, and seed formation). To reduce the effects of drought stress on plants, it is important to determine the mechanisms of plant res MoreDrought stress affects various aspects of plant growth (vegetative growth, reproductive growth, flower formation, pollination, fertilization, and seed formation). To reduce the effects of drought stress on plants, it is important to determine the mechanisms of plant response to drought stress. In response to drought stress, plants experience morphophysiological, biochemical, cellular, and molecular changes with the ultimate result of improved root system, leaf structure, osmotic regulation, relative water content, and stomatal regulation. The phenotypic manifestations in plants facing drought stress include drought escape (early or short growing period, day length sensitivity, and tiller control), drought avoidance (developed root system, stomatal conductance, size and frequency of stomata, accumulation of abscisic acid, and cuticle thickness and waxy crust on the leaf), drought tolerance (osmotic pressure regulation, passive regulation, active regulation, proline accumulation, and displacement of sap phloem materials), and recovery (improvement). Management methods to improve drought stress tolerance include the development of tolerant cultivars, the use of external osmotic protectors such as glycine betaine and proline, spraying with plant hormones such as abscisic acid, salicylic acid (aspirin), gibberellic acid, jasmonic acid, brasino steroids, and polyamines, application of foreign substances with antioxidants such as glutathione, ascorbic acid (vitamin C), tocopherol (vitamin E), and nitric oxide, foliar application of micronutrients such as iron and zinc, spraying with trace elements such as silicon and selenium, and microbial interactions of plants such as growth-promoting bacteria and fungi. This review article is a content analysis study that was carried out by searching related articles in reliable sites (Google scholar, Web of science, PubMed, Scopus, Sid) aiming to investigate the effects, mechanisms of tolerance, research methods, important measurable traits, drought stress management, and control. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
222 - A introduction to the flora of Kahman Aleshtar aera (Lurestan province)
عارفه Hasanvand یونس Asri حسین Lari Yazdi و محمد MehrniaKahman reserve covers an area of 400 km2 situated in the northeast of Aleshtar. The reserved area presents a variety of habitats, including cliffs and rocky outcrops, piedmont plains, alluvial plains, valleys and aquatic habitats. Minimum and maximum elevations of study MoreKahman reserve covers an area of 400 km2 situated in the northeast of Aleshtar. The reserved area presents a variety of habitats, including cliffs and rocky outcrops, piedmont plains, alluvial plains, valleys and aquatic habitats. Minimum and maximum elevations of study area are 1600 and 3600 m, respectively. Mean annual precipitation of the area is 554 mm and mean annual temperature is 15.2 ˚C. In this study, 228 species are collected and identified. These species belong to 47 families and 154 genera. Asteraceae with 34 species, Lamiaceae with 25 species, Fabaceae and Poaceae each with 21 species are main families of this area. Life forms using Raunkier method indicates that the therophytes with 45.1 % (101 species) and hemicryptophytes with 33.9 (76 species) are the most frequent life forms. Investigation on geographical distribution of species showed 49.1 % of species (110 species) belong to Irano – Turanian region. Of these, 25 species are endemics of Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
223 - Causes of Participation in Improvement and renewal of Urban Worn Texture (Case Study: Kheirabad Neighborhood in Birjand City)
pegah moridsadat Sajjad MohammadianThe worn and inefficient textures in cities are critical issues for sustainable urban development. Therefore, their renewal and improvement to achieve sustainable societies is emphasized. In this process, in addition to environmental-physical aspects, the socio-economic MoreThe worn and inefficient textures in cities are critical issues for sustainable urban development. Therefore, their renewal and improvement to achieve sustainable societies is emphasized. In this process, in addition to environmental-physical aspects, the socio-economic dimensions of the inhabitants of worn texture are considered. So, human factors and their participation in the improvement and renewal of these textures are very important and recognition of the participatory tendencies and factors affecting the promotion of their participation is essential. Accordingly, the main purpose of this study was to explain the factors affecting people's participation in the improvement and renovation of the worn texture of the Kheirabad neighborhood of Birjand city. This is a survey research by descriptive-analytical method and a questionnaire is used to data gathering. The population of the study was 1123 households living in Kheirabad neighborhood. Based on the Cochran formula, 163 households was calculated as sample size which selected randomly. The Mean and standard deviation used to describe the data. Data analyzing do by one sample T-test, Pearson correlation, multiple regression and path analysis. According to findings, respondents have the highest tendency to participate in decision making and have the least tendency to participate financially. The components of sense of belonging, trust and social solidarity, access to services, plans and supportive measures, institutional development and capacity building have an impact on the participation of people in the improvement and renewal of worn texture. Among these, the feeling of belonging to the place of residence is most influential (0.533). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
224 - An Analysis of the Settlement System in Ilam for Space Balancing from the Last Decades to 2011
Farideh Delshad Majid ShamsThe present study has been analyzed with respect to spatial equilibrium in Ilam province over the last few decades until 2011. A look at the census of 1976 to 2011 shows changes in the number and volume of urban areas in Ilam. The purpose of this research was to investi MoreThe present study has been analyzed with respect to spatial equilibrium in Ilam province over the last few decades until 2011. A look at the census of 1976 to 2011 shows changes in the number and volume of urban areas in Ilam. The purpose of this research was to investigate and study this phenomenon and its effects by studying the population and demographic statistics of the understudy area. The analysis was performed and the relevant data and requirements were extracted.It was concluded from the present study that one of the effective factors in the irregular settlement system of Ilam province was rural migration and of course the villagers could not be blamed for the disruption of the housing system since the lack of facilities had forced them to do so. As a result, they had rushed to the center of the province, which was regarded as the hub of the facilities and welfare. Finally the researchers presented some solutions to balance the area understudy one of which can be said to have an applied plan. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
225 - Analysis of Individual Features and Behavior Motivations in Charitable Giving; Economic Approach
Seyed hamed Hosseini Mostafa Salimifar seyed saeed malekosadatiThe key objective of this article is the test of the effect of individual characteristics in charity giving. The methodology based on descriptive researches and main tool for gathering data is questionnaire and to analyze the data R software is used. Sample include MoreThe key objective of this article is the test of the effect of individual characteristics in charity giving. The methodology based on descriptive researches and main tool for gathering data is questionnaire and to analyze the data R software is used. Sample include of 389 people, by proportional allocation in Regions in Mashhad.The results show that the women more than men, tend to do charitable behavior. Owners are more than tenants have charity behavior. There is significant relationship between the education background and doing charity activity. Among the income, age and employment with charitable activities is not a significant relationship. Finally, the results of mixed logit model indicate that individual motivations of charity behaviors namely altruism, warm-glow and Conspicuous Increases probability of giving, And the mean of coefficients of these variables are significant and positive. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
226 - the comparison the acute effects of accelerate, resistance and common plyometric training on muscle damage markers in active girls
Amin Farzaneh hesari Hadis ZaferaninanThe purpose of this study was to compare the acute effects of accelerated plyometric, resisted plyometric and common plyometric training in active girls. In a randomized, crossover design, 10 active girls participated in this study and performed plyometric exercise in t MoreThe purpose of this study was to compare the acute effects of accelerated plyometric, resisted plyometric and common plyometric training in active girls. In a randomized, crossover design, 10 active girls participated in this study and performed plyometric exercise in three positions: accelerated plyometric (fasten elastic tube from above to subject), resisted plyometric (fasten elastic tube from the bottom to subject), and common plyometric (without tube). Plyometric exercise was consisted 3 sets x 10 repetitions of jumping squat. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine kinase (CK) were measured prior, immediately and 24 h after exercise. One-way repeated measures ANOVA and Bonferroni post-hoc test was used. Results showed that CK increased immediately in 24 h after exercise than pre exercise in resisted plyometric. There was not significant difference for LDH between groups. It seems that resisted plyometric and common plyometric than accelerated plyometric induce greater muscle damage, but there was significant difference between different types of plyometric for CK and LDH. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
227 - The effect of financial report quality, managerial ownership and research and development investment on audit report delay
Seyed hossein Ahmadi LangariThe purpose of this research is to determine the factors of interest to the users of financial information through the timely presentation of the auditor's report, which has a significant contribution in influencing the success of the financial performance and developme MoreThe purpose of this research is to determine the factors of interest to the users of financial information through the timely presentation of the auditor's report, which has a significant contribution in influencing the success of the financial performance and development of companies by attracting investors. With this aim, the impact of financial report quality, managerial ownership and research and development investment on audit report delay was investigated. In this regard, a sample of 154 companies listed in the Tehran Stock Exchange was examined during the period of 2017 to 2021. Multivariate regression was used to test the hypothesis and Eviews software was used for statistical analysis. The results showed that the quality of the financial report and managerial ownership have a direct positive and significant relationship with the delay of the audit report, and research and development investment has no significant effect on the delay of the audit report. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
228 - Optimal Design of Residential Microgrids with Regard to Fault Occurrence and Possibility of Power Outage
Mehrdad Movahedpour Sirus Mohammadi Mohammadjavad Kiani Taher Niknam Mahmoud ZadehbagheriOne of the issues which has attracted a lot of attention in the power grid in recent years is the emergence of microgrids. An optimized microgrid design includes choosing the best combination of the available options (distributed generation units, energy storage systems MoreOne of the issues which has attracted a lot of attention in the power grid in recent years is the emergence of microgrids. An optimized microgrid design includes choosing the best combination of the available options (distributed generation units, energy storage systems, and load response programs) to supply the microgrid so that the total costs of the microgrid development plan is minimized. In this article, a comprehensive modeling has been conducted for the problem of optimal design of residential microgrids considering the renewable distributed generation units, energy storage systems and controllable loads. This model takes into account the intrinsic stochastic behavior of renewable energy and the uncertainty involving electric load prediction, and thus proper stochastic models for them has been chosen. In order to find the optimal solution, the problem of microgrid design is modeled as an optimization problem with the goal of minimizing the total costs of the microgrid development plan and the optimal response is determined via ant colony optimization algorithm. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
229 - A New 2-input CNTFET-Based XOR Cell With Ultra-Low Leakage Power For Low-Voltage and Low-Power Full Adders
Amir Baghi Rahin Vahid Baghi RahinThe XOR gate is one of the basic building blocks in the Full Adder (FA) circuit, whose performance improvements can lead to improved Full Adder. For this purpose, in this paper, a new low voltage XOR cell based on Carbon Nanotube Field Effect Transistor (CNTFET) is prop MoreThe XOR gate is one of the basic building blocks in the Full Adder (FA) circuit, whose performance improvements can lead to improved Full Adder. For this purpose, in this paper, a new low voltage XOR cell based on Carbon Nanotube Field Effect Transistor (CNTFET) is proposed. The main design goals for this new circuit are low power dissipation, low leakage current and full voltage swing at a low supply voltage (Vdd = 0.5 V). Several XOR circuits were completely simulated using HSPICE with 32nm CMOS and 32nm CNTFET technologies at a low supply voltage. The proposed XOR circuit is compared with the previously known circuits and its outstanding performance is shown. Simulations show that the new low voltage XOR has lower power dissipation, less leakage current and lower PDP than other XOR circuits, and is resistant to process variations. Based on the results obtained at Vdd=0.5 V ,frequency=250 MHz and Cload=3.5 fF, the proposed XOR shows propagation delay of 149.05 ps, power consumption of 716.72 pW, leakage power of 25.1 pW and PDP of 10.683x10-21 J. The proposed XOR can be used well in low voltage and low power Full Adder circuits. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
230 - Adaptive control of nonlinear time delay systems in the presence of output constraints
Fatemeh Mohammadzamani Mahnaz Hashemi Ghazanfar ShahgholianControlling systems in industrial processes are subject to problems such as the limitation of system signals, the uncertainties of parameters, the time delay and the failure of actuators. The design of the controller, which can satisfy the constraints, counteract and om MoreControlling systems in industrial processes are subject to problems such as the limitation of system signals, the uncertainties of parameters, the time delay and the failure of actuators. The design of the controller, which can satisfy the constraints, counteract and omit these effects, has attracted much attention.On the other hand, the issue of time delay is so serious and effective, which can make the system unstable and disrupt the process. Many of the devices in the systems, such as sensors and actuators, may be defective. The important thing is that any of the above or even system parameters may be uncertain. Identifying, estimating and fixing the destructive effects of the problems mentioned by the controller of the system.The proposed method of control for nonlinear systems in the presence of an uncertain parameters, delay and faults in actuators. There is no need to limit the parameters, delays, and fault of the actuators. This comparative method is capable of guaranteeing the overall boundary of all closed-loop system signals and the convergence of tracking errors to a small neighborhood around the origin. At the end, the simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed control method Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
231 - Determination of Optimal Battery Capacity in Economic Operation of Micro Grid by Cuckoo Search Algorithm
Sana Ansari Sirus MohammadiThe current demand in the power system has led to increased usage of the Distributed Generation (DG) and renewable resources. The renewable resources can efficiently supply the loads in the micro grids. The output power generation of renewable energy resources is unpred MoreThe current demand in the power system has led to increased usage of the Distributed Generation (DG) and renewable resources. The renewable resources can efficiently supply the loads in the micro grids. The output power generation of renewable energy resources is unpredictable. Hence, in this paper the optimal generation dispatch of the DGs in micro grids in both grid-connected and islanded modes is determined. Since the operation of the micro grid in presence of DGs and various constraints is a complicated optimization problem, in this paper a meta-heuristic Cuckoo search (CS) algorithm with high convergence speed is used. In order to reduce the uncertainty of the output power of photovoltaic system the energy storage system is implemented and the optimal capacity of the storage is determined based on operation conditions. The proposed algorithm for determining the optimal capacity of the battery in a sample micro grid is applied. The results show the effectiveness of the proposed method for determining the optimal dispatch of the DGs and capacity of the energy storage system. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
232 - Providing a novel approach for dynamic feeder reconfiguration considering importance of reliability and grid's security
Hossein Lotfi Reza Ghazi Mohammad Bagher Naghibi SistaniThis paper presents, a novel evolutionary method for dynamic feeder reconfiguration at the presence of distributed generators (DGs), energy storage (ES) units and solar photovoltaic (PV) panels. Modern distribution networks, in addition to the importance of economic iss MoreThis paper presents, a novel evolutionary method for dynamic feeder reconfiguration at the presence of distributed generators (DGs), energy storage (ES) units and solar photovoltaic (PV) panels. Modern distribution networks, in addition to the importance of economic issues, must operate at an acceptable level of system reliability, Failure to pay attention to the reliability importance can lead to irreparable damages in the distribution network. Regarding the importance of the objective functions including voltage stability index (VSI), energy loss and energy not supplied (ENS) has led to the presentation of a stochastic multi-objective framework for dynamic feeder reconfiguration in the presence of distributed generators (DGs), energy storage (ES) units and solar photovoltaic (PV) panels considering uncertainty of PV units. A modified shuffled frog leaping algorithm is provided in this study to solve the proposed optimization problem. In order to show the efficiency and supremacy of the proposed method is applied on 33-node test system. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
233 - Bi-Level Energy Management Optimization in Multi-Area Smart Grids
Mohammad Ali Hormozi Bahman Bahmani Firoozi Taher NiknamOptimal energy management in multi area smart grids will increase social welfare, reduce economic costs and environmental pollution. Power management solutions for smart grids include issues such as economical distribution of load, suitable load management, optimized ch MoreOptimal energy management in multi area smart grids will increase social welfare, reduce economic costs and environmental pollution. Power management solutions for smart grids include issues such as economical distribution of load, suitable load management, optimized charging and discharging of energy storages, and the availability of renewable resources considering limitation of power exchange in different area, all of which are issues in an intelligent grid, that in this paper has been considered. This paper presents a bi-level mixed integer quadratic programming (MIQP) model for energy management in multi-are smart grids with the aim of reducing economic costs and environmental pollution and increasing social welfare by considering energy storage systems, load management and Renewable resources are presented. In this paper presents a bi-level approach that the upper level is formulated to minimization economic cost and pollution of resource and lower level is presented to maximization social welfare in the form of Karush–Kuhn–Tucker (KKT) conditions. The simulation is implemented in MATLAB with Gurobi solver that the results show that the proposed bi-level model is also an efficient way to optimize energy in multi-area smart grids compared to Pareto front and Weight methods. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
234 - A Road-Aware Routing Protocol for Inter-Vehicle Ad-Hoc Networks
Bahareh Mazloumi Fard Abdolreza HatamlouVehicle ad-hoc networks are examples of mobile ad-hoc networks where vehicles are the mobile nodes. Inthese networks, vehicles are interconnected and can send messages to each other, but also to the roadsideinfrastructure. In such networks, routing is essential for netw MoreVehicle ad-hoc networks are examples of mobile ad-hoc networks where vehicles are the mobile nodes. Inthese networks, vehicles are interconnected and can send messages to each other, but also to the roadsideinfrastructure. In such networks, routing is essential for network design. Poor design causes seriousproblems for vehicle networks. Multi-hop data transmission over VANET networks is a complex task,since network nodes are very mobile and therefore very likely to be disconnected. Therefore, informationdissemination techniques in car networks are very important and have received special attention in recent years. In this research, we present a distributed routing protocol with end-to-end delay computation approach to the generated paths before sending the data packet. This protocol creates a stable backbone on the road components and connects them through bridge nodes. Bridge nodes allocate weight to road components, which it does on the basis of information gathered from delays in routes and communication quality. The simulation results show the success of the proposed protocol compared to two well-known vehicle network protocols including AODV and AOMDV. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
235 - Design and Simulation of 4 Transistors and 2 Memristors Memory with the Least Power and Power-Delay Product
Keramat Karami Sayed Mohammad Ali Zanjani Mehdi DolatshahiMemristor, as a fundamental element of SRAM and DRAM memories, can effectively reduce startup time and power consumption of the circuits. Non-volatility, high density of the final circuit, and reduction of power delay product (PDP) are some of the significant facts of m MoreMemristor, as a fundamental element of SRAM and DRAM memories, can effectively reduce startup time and power consumption of the circuits. Non-volatility, high density of the final circuit, and reduction of power delay product (PDP) are some of the significant facts of memristor circuits, which has led to the suggestion of a memory cell including and four transistors and two memristors (4T2M) in this paper. In order to simulate the proposed memory cell, the length of memristors has been selected 10 nm, and their on/off state resistors have been selected 250 Ω and 10 KΩ respectively. In addition, the proposed memory cell MOS transistors are simulated by the 32 nm CMOS PTM model. Simulation in the HSPICE software with 1V supply voltage and comparison with two conventional six-transistor (6T) and two transistors-two memory (2T2M) cells show that the use of memristors has made the proposed memory cell and 2T2M cell non-volatile. Moreover, the power consumption of the proposed circuit has decreased by 99.8% and 57.2%, compared to the previous two circuits respectively, and the power average delay product has also improved by 99.4% and 26.7%, respectively; however, the writing delay of this cell and 2T2M cell increased by 400% and 218% compared to 6T cell, respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
236 - Participation of Renewable Energy Hubs Including Hydrogen, Thermal and Compressed Air Storages in the Energy Market based on Energy Management System
Reza SepahvandThis paper concerns the participation of renewable energy hubs equipped with wind farms, bio-waste units, and hydrogen, thermal, and compressed air storage systems in the energy market based on the market clearing price model. Hubs are simultaneously present in both ele MoreThis paper concerns the participation of renewable energy hubs equipped with wind farms, bio-waste units, and hydrogen, thermal, and compressed air storage systems in the energy market based on the market clearing price model. Hubs are simultaneously present in both electrical and thermal networks. The bio-waste unit is equipped with combined heat and power technology, so it produces electrical and thermal energy. The proposed design is in the form of bi-level optimization. Its upper level formulates the maximization of the hub's expected profit considering the operational constraints of the mentioned resources and storage devices. The market clearing price strategy is included at the lower formulation level, considering minimizing the expected operation cost of electricity and thermal power generation units subject to the optimal power flow equations of electrical and thermal networks. The Karush-Kuhn-Tucker method obtains a single-level formulation for the design. The stochastic optimization is used to model uncertainties of load and renewable resources. Finally, the obtained numerical results indicate the proposed design's ability to improve the operation and economic status of energy networks compared with optimal power flow studies (the hub-less network), along with optimal power scheduling of hubs in accordance with improving their economic status. So, hydrogen, compressed air, and heat storage devices lead to an 11.2% enhancement in the economic status of the renewable hub. Optimal energy management of renewable hubs based on the storage system has led to a 27% enhancement in energy network operation status compared to optimal power flow studies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
237 - Synchronization of Delayed Fractional Order Chaotic Systems Based on Controller with Non-Linear Fractional Order PID Structure
Mohammad Rasouli Assef Zare Majid HallajiIn this paper, a new control approach for robust synchronization of chaotic systems with uncertainty, unknown parameters such as indefinite time delay and external disturbances is presented. Uncertain time delay as an important factor that increases the complexity of th MoreIn this paper, a new control approach for robust synchronization of chaotic systems with uncertainty, unknown parameters such as indefinite time delay and external disturbances is presented. Uncertain time delay as an important factor that increases the complexity of the control problem and overcoming it is stated in this article. By using the structure of nonlinear proportional-integral-derivative control­lers of fractional order, a sliding surface of fractional order has been introduced to design the control strategy of the said sliding mode. Then, using Lyapunov's theory, robust adaptive rules are designed in such a way that the estimation error of the unknown parameters of the fractional order system with an indefinite time delay tends to zero by the proposed control mechanism. Also, by using Lyapunov stability standard the stability analysis of the proposed robust control approach has been proved. Finally, the performance evaluation of the proposed mechanism, the synchronization of two Jerk chaotic systems with uncertainty along an indefinite time delay and disturbance, has been simulated by the presented control approach, the results of which show the robust and favorable performance of the simulation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
238 - Delay-Tolerant Routing Optimization Using Simulated Annealing Heuristic Algorithm in Disrupted Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks
Somaye Pirzadi Mohammad Ali Pourmina Seyed Mostafa Safavi-HemamiGiven the importance of reducing data latency in discrete wireless networks in critical situations, we present the combined routing protocol with a storage and forwarding approach in Throw-Box-based network topology concerning aspects such as proper relay prediction and MoreGiven the importance of reducing data latency in discrete wireless networks in critical situations, we present the combined routing protocol with a storage and forwarding approach in Throw-Box-based network topology concerning aspects such as proper relay prediction and effective buffer management. To reduce the data transfer time in the relay node selection criteria, we consider the effect of different factors: node records, end-to-end latency, the nodes' available buffer space, and information such as average speed and node movement direction. We also use artificial intelligence to perform optimal routing using the Simulated Annealing algorithm. Important common performance criteria such as average latency, delivery ratio, number of lost messages, and network overhead were used to evaluate the performance of the proposed model. The results showed that our proposed routing method has less reception delay than other routing methods and maintains maximum transmission. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
239 - Robust Planning of the Islanded Hybrid System Including Renewable and Non-Renewable Sources and Stationary and Mobile Storages
Farshad KhalafianIn this paper, the robust planning of the islanded hybrid system (IHS) to create an integrated system with wind turbine, photovoltaic, diesel generator, stationary (battery) and mobile (electric vehicles) storages is presented. The proposed scheme minimizes the planning MoreIn this paper, the robust planning of the islanded hybrid system (IHS) to create an integrated system with wind turbine, photovoltaic, diesel generator, stationary (battery) and mobile (electric vehicles) storages is presented. The proposed scheme minimizes the planning cost (including construction, maintenance, and operation) of the mentioned sources and storages, and environmental pollution level. This problem is constrained to operation and planning model of the different sources and storages, and power balance constraint in IHS. The proposed scheme is formulated in the Pareto optimization framework based on method of the summation of weighted functions. Also, the bounded uncertainty-based robust optimization (BURO) is used to model the uncertainties of load, renewable power, and energy of mobile storage. Then, the hybrid evolutionary algorithm according to composition of Krill Herd Optimization (KHO) and Grey Wolf Optimization (GWO) algorithms obtains an optimal solution including low standard deviation in the final response. Finally, it is seen that the proposed scheme has a suitable capability in the planning of the proposed system according to economic and environmental viewpoints based on obtained numerical results. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
240 - Dual-Objectives Energy and Load Management for an Energy Hub by Considering Diverse Plannings and in the Presence of CCUS Technology and the TOU Program
Fardin Niazvand Saeed Kharrati Farshad Khosravi Abdollah RastgouThis paper presents energy and load management by using a scenario-based assessment strategy for the optimal scheduling of a proposed hub by considering uncertain parameters (electricity price and wind turbine output power). Carbon capture utilization and storage (CCUS) MoreThis paper presents energy and load management by using a scenario-based assessment strategy for the optimal scheduling of a proposed hub by considering uncertain parameters (electricity price and wind turbine output power). Carbon capture utilization and storage (CCUS) technology and demand response programs (DRP), especially the time of use (TOU) program are investigated. Carbon technology helps to overcome pollution issues, on the one hand, and earn revenue for the power system, on the other hand. Also, the demand response programs help to reduce costs and pollution, make the load curve flatter, increase the reliability and power quality of the network. The proposed energy hub consists of various renewable and non-renewable distributed energy resources, as well different planning horizons, include deterministic and robust ones. The presented hub consists of diverse energy sectors like electricity, heat, cooling, gas, and water at the input and output sections. The problem is then modeled as a MILP and solved using the CPLEX solver in GAMS software. Epsilon constraint method with the fuzzy satisfying approach is used to obtain and select the best solution. The final results show that the cost and the pollution in the robust planning experience the increment by about 12.3% and 1.9% respectively in comparison to deterministic, as well, demand response programs and CCUS technology are had a significant impact on the objective functions. In addition, the load curve has become flatter and the reward by using a carbon system is obtained for the hub. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
241 - An Enhanced Routing Algorithm in Smart IoT Networks with Mobile Nodes
Zakieh Sharifian Behrang Barekatain Alfonso Ariza Quinatna Zahra Beheshti Faramarz Safi-EsfahaniThe internet of things (IoT) faces various challenges due to its different characteristics and due to the nov­elty of related technologies and standards. The existence of these different and at the same time new problems has drawn the attention of many scientific re MoreThe internet of things (IoT) faces various challenges due to its different characteristics and due to the nov­elty of related technologies and standards. The existence of these different and at the same time new problems has drawn the attention of many scientific researchers toward this new technology. One of the most important and fundamental challenges is related to the topic of routing protocols in static and mobile networks, and more precisely, optimizing and improving the quality of service of it. In this work, a novel flexible, scalable, and efficient routing protocol named MLOADng-AT (mobile lightwe­ig­ht on-demand ad hoc distance vector routing protocol– analytic hierarchy process echnique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution) has been introduced to overcome the routing challenges in mobile scenarios. Using MLOADng-AT, firstly, taking advantage of the HELLO message, infor­mation about link quality parameters and mobility characteristics up to two hops is exchanged among static and mobile nodes. Moreover, it supports an error recovery path without rerunning a new routing process that noticeably decreases the network routing delay. MLOADng-AT can be easily adapted to any quality of service (QoS) parameter with very low complexity which is very important for a delay-sensitive IoT-based network. Finally, in case of noisy conditions especially for mobile networks, the proposed protocol can be efficiently used in low-quality links. Simulation results based on several scenarios depicted that end-to-end delay (EED) and packet delivery ratio (PDR) parameters significantly improved in the proposed method compared to other similar methods. For the area with dimensions of 400 x 200 m2, the obtained values of the EED and PDR parameters are respectively 0.0011 seconds and 98.47%, and also for the scenarios implemented in the area of 800 x 400 m2, the achieved results of the EED and PDR parameters are respectively 0.0059 seconds and 86.167%. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
242 - Self-tuning Fuzzy PID Controller for Load Frequency Control in AC Micro-grid with Considering of Input Delay
Rohollah Shahedi Kamel Sabahi Mehdi Tavan Amin HajizadehA micro grid (MG) system that benefits from distributed generation (DG) resources has a non-linear and time-varying nature which encounters the control problem with some difficulties. Also, due to the fact that in the most MG systems the frequency controllers are centra MoreA micro grid (MG) system that benefits from distributed generation (DG) resources has a non-linear and time-varying nature which encounters the control problem with some difficulties. Also, due to the fact that in the most MG systems the frequency controllers are centralized in the control room and, the DGs are located at distances from the control room, the occurrence of delay is undeniable and it should be considered in the design of the controller. For this purpose, a self-tuning fuzzy PID controller has been designed for load frequency control in a MG system in the presence of delay. The designed fuzzy PID controller is a nonlinear controller and can handle the nonlinearities. To deal with the delay in the input of the system, the Ziegler-Nichols like criteria has been utilized to derive the adaptive mechanism which tunes the scaling factors according to the maximum amount of delay in the online manner. The proposed self-tuning fuzzy PID controller has been applied for load frequency control of a time-delay MG system and the simulation results have been compared with the results of fixed structure fuzzy PID controller. The simulation results indicate the efficiency of the proposed controllers in dealing with time-varying delay. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
243 - Economic Design of Renewable Hybrid System Based on Hydrogen and Thermal Storages Considering Electrical and Thermal Energy Management
Reza Sepahvand Akbar Asgharzadeh bonabThis paper presents the optimal planning of renewable hybrid systems including wind turbines and bio-waste energy units according to hydrogen and thermal storages considering feeding of electrical and thermal energies. Bio-waste unit is based on the operation of the com MoreThis paper presents the optimal planning of renewable hybrid systems including wind turbines and bio-waste energy units according to hydrogen and thermal storages considering feeding of electrical and thermal energies. Bio-waste unit is based on the operation of the combined power and heat system, which produces electrical and thermal energy at the same time. Hydrogen storage is hybrid of an electrolyze, hydrogen tank, and fuel cell. The proposed scheme minimizes the total annual investment and maintenance costs. It is subject to the operation model of the mentioned elements. In the operation model of sources and storage, renewable sources supply loads of energy, then storage uses to cover the gap between the load and renewable power profiles. This paper uses the hybrid solver of the Gray wolf optimizer and the sine-cosine algorithm to obtain a reliable optimal solution with a low standard deviation in the final response. Finally, based on numerical results according to Espoo in Finland data, the proposed scheme's capability is confirmed in the Economic extraction of a 100% renewable island hybrid system suitable for simultaneous supply of electrical and thermal energy. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
244 - Phase Space Reconstruction of Chaotic Time Series Using an Intelligent Method
Maryam Pari Zangeneh Mohammad Ataei Peiman Moallem In the face of a chaotic system whose mathematical model is not available, because of unknown effective factors and unavailable dynamical equations, using time series approach can be useful. Therefore, phase space reconstruction of a chaotic system by using a scal More In the face of a chaotic system whose mathematical model is not available, because of unknown effective factors and unavailable dynamical equations, using time series approach can be useful. Therefore, phase space reconstruction of a chaotic system by using a scalar time series from its output observations is considered for obtaining information on this system from its one-dimensional signal. Two parameters Delay time and Embedding dimension are needed for phase space reconstruction based on embedding theorem. In this paper a method for estimation of an appropriate embedding dimension of underlying chaotic system from the observed time series by using Time Delay Neural Network (TDNN) is presented. This new way is different from the conventional False Nearest Neighbors (FNN) method. The embedding dimension estimations have been compared with FNN method and their comparison shows the effectiveness of the proposed methodology. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
245 - Determination of Optimum Performance Strategy of Energy Storage in Power System
Mohammad Hosein Ranjbari Rezvaneh Dalili Mojtaba PishvaeiDetermination of optimal capacity for today energy storages has been specially noticed. The delay in increasing storage production capacity is one of the applications for energy storage supplies in which utilization from energy storage supplies along with improvement in MoreDetermination of optimal capacity for today energy storages has been specially noticed. The delay in increasing storage production capacity is one of the applications for energy storage supplies in which utilization from energy storage supplies along with improvement in the power status at peak hours of consumption may postpone the demand for installation of a new power plant module. In this essay, the optimal capacity of energy storage is determined in order to reduce exploitation costs by second-order non linear programming. This method expresses this problem with a target quadratic function based on the produced power of units and capacity of energy storage supply. The requirements have been modeled as linear equality and inequality equations. The related constraints for produced power and incremental and decremental power ratio in generators have been considered as well. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
246 - Output Feedback Controller Design for Multi-Agent Systems with Dynamic Heterogeneity in the Presence of Parameter Uncertainty and Exogenous Disturbances
Badrozaman Hosseini Mehdi SojoodiThis paper is concerned with network based leader following consensus for a distributed multi agent system with interval time varying delays in the presence of uncertainty and disturbances. A network based consensus control protocol under a directed graph is proposed. T MoreThis paper is concerned with network based leader following consensus for a distributed multi agent system with interval time varying delays in the presence of uncertainty and disturbances. A network based consensus control protocol under a directed graph is proposed. The nonlinear time varying coefficients derived from Jenson's integral inequality is approximated with an estimation method. Finally with convex combination, less conservative stability criteria are provided. In this method, the output feedback H∞ control is proposed to leader following consensus and robust stability of the closed loop system. In the presence of uncertainty and disturbances in the system, using H∞ control along with dynamic output feedback controller has led to better results in tracking the reference signal. This study provides H∞inf stability criteria in the forms of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) and convex programming standard form. Numerical examples are given to show the effectiveness of the obtained theorems and results. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
247 - Coordination Between Wind Power, Hydro Storage Facility and Conventional Generating Units According to the Annual Growth Load
Shahrokh Shojaeean Hadi AkramiConsidering the growing trend of the consumption of the electric power and the global tendency to substitute new renewable sources of energy, this paper proposes a Monte Carlo based method to determine an optimal level of this change. Considering the limitation of the w MoreConsidering the growing trend of the consumption of the electric power and the global tendency to substitute new renewable sources of energy, this paper proposes a Monte Carlo based method to determine an optimal level of this change. Considering the limitation of the wind farms in continuous supply of electric power, hydrostatic power storage facilities are used beside wind farms so that the electric power could be stored and fed in a continuous flow into power systems. Due to the gradual exclusion of conventional generators and 5 percent annual load increments, LOLE index was used in order to calculate the amount of the wind power and the capacity of the necessary power storage facility. To this end, LOLE index was calculated for the first year as the reference index for the estimation of the amount of wind power and the capacity of the storage facility in consequent years. For the upcoming years, calculations have been made to account for the gradual exclusion of conventional generators in proportion to load increments. The proposed method has been implemented and simulated on IEEE-RTS test system. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
248 - Improvement of Networked Control Systems Performance Using a New Encryption Algorithm
Seyed Ali Mesbahifard Benyamin Hagh Niaz Jahrimi Pooya Hajebi Seyed Mohammad Taghi AlmadrasiNetworked control systems are control systems which controllers and plants are connected via telecommunication network. One of the most important challenges in networked control systems is the problem of network time delay. Increasing of time delay may affect on control MoreNetworked control systems are control systems which controllers and plants are connected via telecommunication network. One of the most important challenges in networked control systems is the problem of network time delay. Increasing of time delay may affect on control system performance extremely. Other important issue in networked control systems is the security problems. Since it is possible that unknown people access to network especially Internet, the probability of terrible attacks such as deception attacks is greater, therefore presentation of methods which could decrease time delay and increase system immunity are desired. In this paper a symmetric encryption with low data volume against deception attacks is proposed. This method has high security and low time delay rather than the other encryption algorithms and could improve the control system performance against deception attacks. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
249 - System Identification of a Nonlinear Multivariable Steam Generator Power Plant Using Time Delay and Wavelet Neural Networks
Laila Khalilzadeh Ganjali-khani Farid Sheikholeslam Homayoun Mahdavi-NasabOne of the most effective strategies for steam generator efficiency enhancement is to improve the control system. For such an improvement, it is essential to have an accurate model for the steam generator of power plant. In this paper, an industrial steam generator is c MoreOne of the most effective strategies for steam generator efficiency enhancement is to improve the control system. For such an improvement, it is essential to have an accurate model for the steam generator of power plant. In this paper, an industrial steam generator is considered as a nonlinear multivariable system for identification. An important step in nonlinear system identification is the development of a nonlinear model. In recent years, artificial neural networks have been successfully used for identification of nonlinear systems in many researches. Wavelet neural networks (WNNs) also are used as a powerful tool for nonlinear system identification. In this paper we present a time delay neural network model and a WNN model in order to identify an industrial steam generator. Simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed models in the system identification and demonstrate that the WNN model is more precise to estimate the plant outputs. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
250 - An Analysis of Tourists’ Behavior of Delay in Service Delivery (A Case Study of Parsian Hotel in Kermanshah)
Maryam Beigpour Tanha kamran yeganegiThe purpose of this study is to examine the customer behavior affected by service delays. Nine hypotheses were tested in this study. The method of this research is descriptive-survey in terms of variables and applied in terms of purpose. The statistical population of th MoreThe purpose of this study is to examine the customer behavior affected by service delays. Nine hypotheses were tested in this study. The method of this research is descriptive-survey in terms of variables and applied in terms of purpose. The statistical population of this research was targeted in Parsian Hotel in Kermanshah. The sampling method in this study was simple random based on which 384 people were selected as a sample through Cochran's formula for data collection. In this study, a questionnaire was used as a research tool, the validity and reliability of which were confirmed. The confirmatory factor analysis was used to analyze the data and test the hypotheses using Amos structural equation software version 22. According to the research results, service delays have a positive effect on customers' anger and insecurity and a negative effect on their acceptability. Anger and insecurity also have a negative effect on the desire to buy and a negative effect on word of mouth marketing. In the end, acceptability also has a positive effect on the willingness to buy but a negative effect on the willingness to spread word of mouth. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
251 - sharifidoost
Hamzeh SharifidoostIn this article historical context of the encounter of the famous commentators of two sects regarding the interpretation of the word Kawthar is analyzed and the historical evolution of the commentators' tendency towards the views of Multiplicity of Generations is reflec MoreIn this article historical context of the encounter of the famous commentators of two sects regarding the interpretation of the word Kawthar is analyzed and the historical evolution of the commentators' tendency towards the views of Multiplicity of Generations is reflected.The semantic and exemplary development of the word Kawthar which has gradually found its way into commentary books in the form of probability indicates that the commentators have not been satisfied with the narrative examples of Kawthar which is the stream of paradise and by exploring the lexical meaning and evidences in Surah and especially the context of Surah Kawthar they have accepted wider examples such as Multiplicity of Generations to interpret the word Kawthar.The multiplicity of the Prophet's generation as one of the examples of multiple goodness in the sense that it is associated with the daughter of the Prophet in recent centuries has forced commentators to think more about the verses of the surah and use historical evidence, as a result, Fatemeh, not only as a mediator of this good, but also Fatemeh as a perfect example of Kawthar has found its way to interpretive sources as a theory.The quantitative and qualitative reproduction of the Prophet's generation and its attribution to Fatima, in terms of being documented in lexical, semantic and historical contexts, also shows the Quranic status of Zahra. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
252 - Investigation of Shear Lag Phenomenon in High-Rise Reinforced Concrete Structures with Tube-in-Tube System under the Effect of Wind Load
Kourosh Mehdizadeh Seyede Vahide Hashemi Abbasali SadeghiThe tube-in-tube system is one of the most practical structural forms in high-rise buildings. One of the most important disadvantages of this system is the shear lag phenomenon, which increases the axial force in the side columns and decreases the axial force of the mid MoreThe tube-in-tube system is one of the most practical structural forms in high-rise buildings. One of the most important disadvantages of this system is the shear lag phenomenon, which increases the axial force in the side columns and decreases the axial force of the middle columns of the flange of structure. Therefore, in this study, the shear lag is investigated in high-rise reinforced concrete structures with tube-in-tube system with and without columns cut according to the height and plan under the effect of wind load. Thus, two high-rise concrete buildings, 40 and 60-story are modeled in ETABS 2017 software three dimensionally in three states. 40-story and 60-story prototypes are considered with and without columns cut in stories 11, 21 and 31, and then in stories 16, 31, and 46, respectively. Models were analyzed by wind force in order to calculate and compare the shear lag phenomenon. The results show that shear lag index has been changed from positive to negative phase at the height of building from the bottom to top and the axial force of the middle columns is higher than the corner columns in top stories. For example, the shear lag indices average is 1.2 and 0.61 in the 5th and 35th floors of 40-story building without column cut, respectively. Then the above values are 0.52 and 1.14 in the 5th and 55th floors, respectively for 60-story building without column cut. Also, the results indicate that the performance of structures has been improved at height by bundling of the columns in structures. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
253 - نقش زمان ارائه ی بازخورد صریح بر صحت ساختاری در زبان دوم
سوری سلاجقه علی اکبر خومیجانی فراهانی حسن شهابیاین مطالعه اثرات بازخورد اصلاحی صریح را بر صحت استفاده از ساختار گذشته ساده در زبان انگلیسی بررسی میکند. هدف اصلی این مطالعه بررسی این است که آیا ارائه فوری بازخورد صریح پس از اتمام فعالیت نوشتار یا با تأخیر پس از دو روز در جلسه بعدی ، می تواند بر دقت ساختار تأثیر بگذار Moreاین مطالعه اثرات بازخورد اصلاحی صریح را بر صحت استفاده از ساختار گذشته ساده در زبان انگلیسی بررسی میکند. هدف اصلی این مطالعه بررسی این است که آیا ارائه فوری بازخورد صریح پس از اتمام فعالیت نوشتار یا با تأخیر پس از دو روز در جلسه بعدی ، می تواند بر دقت ساختار تأثیر بگذارد یا خیر. صد و پنج زبان آموز انگلیسی به عنوان زبان خارجی (EFL) موافقت کردند که در این مطالعه شرکت کنند و در سه گروه قرار گرفتند: بازخورد صریح فوری ، بازخورد صریح با تأخیر و گروه کنترل بدون هیچ بازخورد. تاثیر شرایط مختلف بازخورد بر درستی استفاده از ساختار مورد نظر از طریق پس آزمون فوری که پس از اتمام بلافاصله ی آزمایش بود و پس آزمون تاخیری که پس از دو هفته ارائه شد، بررسی شد. برای ارائه پاسخ به سوالات این تحقیق از روش کمی آماری انکووا با اندازه گیری های مکرر استفاده شد. نتایج این تحقیق برتری بازخورد تأخیری را نسبت به بازخورد فوری و گروه کنترل در پس آزمون فوری نشان دادند. و در پس آزمون تأخیری، بازخورد فوری از سایر گروه ها بهتر عمل کرد. مفاهیم این یافته ها و پیشنهادات برای تحقیقات بیشتر مورد بحث قرار گرفته است. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
254 - مدل کنترل موجودی بهینه محصولات منسوخ شدنی با در نظر گیری تاخیر مجاز در پرداخت و تقاضا وابسته به زمان، با استفاده از الگوریتم PSO
حسن زمانی باجگانی محمدرضا غلامیاناین مطالعه یک مدل کنترل موجودی را برای تعیین چرخه بهینه بازپرسازی اقلام منسوخ شدنی ارائه میکند، که در آن تقاضای مشتری به صورت یک تابع کاهشی از زمان در حالت منسوخ شدن ناگهانی در نظر گرفته شده است. علاوه بر این، برای تشویق خریدار به خرید بیشتر، فروشنده می تواند به خریدار Moreاین مطالعه یک مدل کنترل موجودی را برای تعیین چرخه بهینه بازپرسازی اقلام منسوخ شدنی ارائه میکند، که در آن تقاضای مشتری به صورت یک تابع کاهشی از زمان در حالت منسوخ شدن ناگهانی در نظر گرفته شده است. علاوه بر این، برای تشویق خریدار به خرید بیشتر، فروشنده می تواند به خریدار اجازه دهد هزینه را با تاخیر پرداخت کند. بر این اساس، مقاله حاضر بر بررسی یک مدل کنترل موجودی برای اقلام منسوخ شدنی با در نظر گرفتن سیاست اعتبار تجاری و تقاضای وابسته به زمان و حالت منسوخ شدن ناگهانی تمرکز دارد. با توجه به غیر خطی بودن مدل پیشنهادی، از تقریب سری تیلور برای حل آن استفاده شد. علاوه بر این، برای جلوگیری از تأثیر تقریب سری تیلور بر راهحل بهینه، از یک الگوریتم فراابتکاری بهینهسازی ازدحام ذرات کارآمد برای یافتن راهحل نزدیک به بهینه استفاده شد که نشاندهنده پاسخهای بهتر است. سپس مثالهای عددی در مورد مطالعاتی صنعت عمده فروشی تلفن همراه برای نشان دادن اعتبار مدل پیشنهادی در نظر گرفته و حل شد. در نهایت، یک تحلیل حساسیت در زمینه اثرات پارامترهای اصلی بر سود کل و زمان چرخه بازپرسازی انجام شد. نتایج عددی حاکی از آن است که گنجاندن ریسک منسوخ شدگی در مدل موجودی کالا برای اقلام منسوخ شدنی در افزایش سود و در عین حال کاهش هزینه های این اقلام تاثیر بسزایی دارد. Manuscript profile -
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255 - اثر ضد اکسیدانی مکمل جیرهای عصاره آویشن شیرازی روی حساسیت گوشت جوجههای گوشتی به اکسیداسیون لیپیدی در طی ذخیرهسازی به صورت منجمد
ف. محمدپور ح. درمانیکوهی م. مطیحی اصلیدر این آزمایش، تأثیر مکملسازی عصاره آویشن شیرازی روی حساسیت گوشت جوجه­های گوشتی به اکسیداسیون در طول ذخیرهسازی در فریزر در دمای 20- درجه سانتی­گراد به مدت 6 ماه مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. 336 قطعه جوجه یکروزه به 7 تیمار در 4 تکرار (12 جوجه در هر تکرار) در یک طرح کا Moreدر این آزمایش، تأثیر مکملسازی عصاره آویشن شیرازی روی حساسیت گوشت جوجه­های گوشتی به اکسیداسیون در طول ذخیرهسازی در فریزر در دمای 20- درجه سانتی­گراد به مدت 6 ماه مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. 336 قطعه جوجه یکروزه به 7 تیمار در 4 تکرار (12 جوجه در هر تکرار) در یک طرح کاملاً تصادفی اختصاص داده شد. جیره­های آزمایشی در این مطالعه شامل: تیمار 1) جیره پایه (گروه کنترل، بدون عصاره آویشن شیرازی)، تیمار 2 و 3) به ترتیب جیره پایه مکمل شده با 5/0 و 1 درصد عصاره آویشن شیرازی به مدت 42 روز، تیمار 4 و 5) به ترتیب جیره پایه مکمل شده با 5/0 و 1 درصد عصاره آویشن شیرازی در 2 هفته پایانی دوره پرورش و تیمار 6 و 7) به ترتیب جیره پایه مکمل شده با 5/0 و 1 درصد عصاره آویشن شیرازی در 1 هفته پایانی دوره پرورش، بودند. حساسیت گوشت به اکسیداسیون چربی به وسیله اندازه­گیری pH و سطح مواد واکنش دهنده با تیوباربیتوریک اسید (TBARS) در ماهیچه ران پس از 2، 4 و 6 ماه دوره ذخیرهسازی تعیین شد. نتایج حاصل تأثیر تیمار با عصاره آویشن شیرازی بر ثبات اکسیداتیو گوشت در جوجه­های گوشتی را در مقایسه با گروه شاهد نشان داد (05/0P<). با افزایش مدت زمان ذخیرهسازی، میزان TBARS در گوشت افزایش و میزان pH و رطوبت گوشت کاهش یافت (05/0P<). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
256 - An analysis of Selected Aspects of Sperm Quality in Fresh and Cooled-Storage Stallion Semen
ز. رکوا ر. فلیپکک -
Open Access Article
257 - اکسیداسیون پروتئین در عضلات راسته و ران برههای پرورشیافته درآغل و روی مرتع باکتی سالمونلای روده جوجههای گوشتی در معرض چالش سالمونلایی
تی. پوپووا پی. مارینووااکسیداسیون پروتئین در عضلات راسته و ران برههای نر نژاد پشم ظریف شمال شرق بلغارستان و تلاقی این نژاد با نژاد ایلدفرانس که در آغل و روی مراتع پرورش یافته بودند، مطالعه شد. درجه اکسیداسیون پروتئین توسط اندازهگیری محتوای کربونیل تشکیل شده در طی ذخیرهسازی عضلات در درجه Moreاکسیداسیون پروتئین در عضلات راسته و ران برههای نر نژاد پشم ظریف شمال شرق بلغارستان و تلاقی این نژاد با نژاد ایلدفرانس که در آغل و روی مراتع پرورش یافته بودند، مطالعه شد. درجه اکسیداسیون پروتئین توسط اندازهگیری محتوای کربونیل تشکیل شده در طی ذخیرهسازی عضلات در درجه حرارت پایین (4 درجه سانتیگراد تا روز چهارم و 20- درجه سانتیگراد تاروز 90) تعیین شدند. اکسیداسیون پروتئین در حیوانات مرتعی پایینتر بود. تفاوت بین گروهها در روز چهارم و روز 90 برای نژاد پشم ظریف و در ساعت 24، روز ششم و روز 90 در برههای آمیخته معنیدار بود. تفاوتهایی در اکسیداسیون پروتئین در ماهیچهها در 28 ساعت و روز چهارم و 48 ساعت و روز 90 برای نژاد پشم ظریف و آمیخته گزارش شده است. دینامیک تغییرات کربونیلها در ماهیچهها نشان میدهد که مدت ذخیرهسازی روی اکسیداسیون پروتئین تاثیر میگذارد. محتوای کربونیل در عضله راسته در روز 90 ذخیرهسازی در مقایسه با سایر زمانها هم در نژاد پشم ظریف بلغاری و هم تلاقی پرورش یافته در آغل و همچنین در برههای تلاقی پرورش یافته روی مراتع به طور معنیداری بالاتر بود. در مورد عضله ران تفاوت بین کربونیلها در فواصل اندازهگیری و روز 90 ذخیره در هر دو برههای پشم ظریف بلغاری و آمیختههای پرورش یافته در آغل معنیدار بود. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
258 - بررسی اثر جایگزینی مکمل سولفات آهن با نانوذرات هیدروژن فسفات آهن بر عملکرد، خصوصیات لاشه و میزان ذخیره آهن بافت جوجههای گوشتی
M.A. Behroozlak م. دانشیار پ. فرهومند ع. نیکوآزمایشی به منظور مقایسه اثرات نانوذرات هیدروژن فسفات آهن (FeHPO4-nanoparticles) با سولفات آهن (FeSO4.7H2O) بر عملکرد، خصوصیات لاشه و میزان ماده معدنی ماهیچه سینه جوجه­های گوشتی انجام گرفت. در این آزمایش، تعداد 200 قطعه جوجه خروس گوشتی یکروزه سویه راس به طور تصادفی ب Moreآزمایشی به منظور مقایسه اثرات نانوذرات هیدروژن فسفات آهن (FeHPO4-nanoparticles) با سولفات آهن (FeSO4.7H2O) بر عملکرد، خصوصیات لاشه و میزان ماده معدنی ماهیچه سینه جوجه­های گوشتی انجام گرفت. در این آزمایش، تعداد 200 قطعه جوجه خروس گوشتی یکروزه سویه راس به طور تصادفی به 4 گروه آزمایشی با 5 تکرار و 10 پرنده در هر تکرار اختصاص یافتند. میزان آهن موجود در جیره پایه (ذرت-کنجاله سویا) در 3 دوره آزمایشی آغازین، رشد و پایانی به ترتیب 40/87، 13/85 و 24/82 میلی­گرم بر کیلوگرم بودند. گروه­های آزمایشی تغذیه­ای شامل: 1- جیره پایه + 80 میلی­گرم سولفات آهن (گروه شاهد) 2- جیره پایه + 4/6 میلی­گرم نانوذرات هیدروژن فسفات آهن 3- جیره پایه + 2/3 میلی­گرم نانوذرات هیدروژن فسفات آهن و 4- جیره پایه + 6/1 میلی­گرم نانوذرات هیدروژن فسفات آهن بودند که از سن 1 تا 42 روزگی مورد استفاده قرار گرفتند. نتایج آزمایش نشان داد که جیره­های آزمایشی تأثیر معنی­داری بر صفات عملکردی میانگین مصرف خوراک روزانه، میانگین افزایش وزن روزانه، ضریب تبدیل خوراک، درصد تلفات و شاخص تولید اروپایی نداشتند (05/0P>). افزودن نانوذرات هیدروژن فسفات آهن به جیره پایه در گروه آزمایشی دوم، وزن نسبی چربی محوطه بطنی را در مقایسه با گروه شاهد به طور معنی­داری کاهش داد (04/0=P). همچنین با افزودن نانوذرات هیدروژن فسفات آهن در گروه آزمایشی سوم، پاسخ­های رگرسیون درجه سوم (05/0=P) و درجه دوم (02/0=P) به ترتیب در مورد بازده لاشه و وزن نسبی کبد مشاهده گردید. پرندگان تغذیه شده با نانوذرات هیدروژن فسفات آهن در گروه­های آزمایشی دوم و سوم در مقایسه با پرندگان دریافتکننده­ جیره حاوی 80 میلی­گرم سولفات آهن، میزان آهن و مس بیشتری در ماهیچه سینه داشتند (05/0>P). هیچ تفاوت معنی­داری در بین گروه­های آزمایشی برای میزان روی گوشت سینه مشاهد نشد (05/0P>). نتایج این مطالعه نشان داد که جایگزینی مکمل سولفات آهن با نانوذرات هیدروژن فسفات آهن بر عملکرد پرندگان تأثیرگذار نبود ولی توانست میزان آهن موجود در گوشت سینه جوجه­های گوشتی را به طور معنی­داری افزایش دهد. Manuscript profile -
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259 - Effect of Varying Protein Levels and Preservation Methods and Duration on Egg Production Performance and External Egg Qualities of Japanese Quails in a Semi-Arid Environment
ن. موحامد اس. آلتینه آ. ابوبکر یو.ام. چاف ام.ام. میکایلو -
Open Access Article
260 - Estimation of evaporation from Dez regulatory dam station pan using artificial neural network
mehdi najafvand derikvandi hossein eslamiMore rainfall in arid and semi-arid just evaporate into the atmosphere and so estimates the amount of water vapor in the water cycle will be important. Evaporation is dependent on various parameters and to its estimate needs for a different climate variables and the int MoreMore rainfall in arid and semi-arid just evaporate into the atmosphere and so estimates the amount of water vapor in the water cycle will be important. Evaporation is dependent on various parameters and to its estimate needs for a different climate variables and the interaction of these variables is very complex, so it must be accurate methods to be used in the evaporation study. In this study, artificial neural networks were used to estimate the pan evaporation of Dez regulating dam station. As ANN hyperbolic tangent function and the learning momentum was used. Multilayer Perceptron structure which used a network of six input neurons, three hidden layer and an output neuron was formed. Input layers include maximum temperature, minimum temperature, sunshine hours, average wind speed, relative humidity and an average rate of evaporation from water surface to the output layer. The relationship between climatic factors showed that the average temperature on the surface evaporation caused more than sunshine and wind speed. High coefficient of determination (92/0) between the actual data with simulated data with artificial neural network plus a small error (RMSE = 1.41) showed that the estimate accuracy is very high. Verification by t-test revealed no significant (P> 0.01) differences were between actual and estimated values. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
261 - Empirical methods Comparison of estimation evaporation From Free Water Surface (Case Study: Dez Regulatory Dam)
Mehdi Najafvand Derikvandi Hossein EslamiEvaporation is an important factor in the management of water resources and accurate calculation can be effective strategies to mitigate the effects of drought and implemented in order to protect water resources. Due to lack of evaporation stations and lack of adequate MoreEvaporation is an important factor in the management of water resources and accurate calculation can be effective strategies to mitigate the effects of drought and implemented in order to protect water resources. Due to lack of evaporation stations and lack of adequate data, empirical methods can be used to estimate evaporation from water surface. In this study, evaporation estimated using 10-year data of Dez adjustment dam station and empirical methods of Mayer, Marciano, Shahtin, Hefner, Ivanof, Tichomirof and USBR and the estimated evaporation compared with pan evaporation values. Based on the R2 and RSME statistics, empirical methods were evaluated. The results showed that the relationship Mayer (R2 = 0.886, RMSE = 1.53) than other experimental methods is more accurate. The USBR equation (R2 = 0.91, RMSE = 1.967) lie in next rank and also a significant difference (P> 0.01) is not seen between actual and estimated values in two ways. Tichomirof method due to significant error (RMSE = 8.152) and lower fitted to actual data (R2 = 0.33) is the lack of credibility and Hefner, Marciano, Ivanof and Shahtin with a determination coefficient equal to 0.548, 0.534, 0.639 and 0.664 have modest validity and reliability for estimating the amount of evaporation from water surface. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
262 - Hargreaves Method Improves Accuracy in Estimating Reference Evapotranspiration Adjustment Weight With the Help of Artificial Neural Network and Decision Tree
omid mohtarami Mohammad Reza Hosseini Ruhollah Fattahi تیمور سهرابیOne of the most important components of the hydrological cycle is evapotranspiration which plays an important role in water resource management. In the present study the accuracy of evapotranspiration estimation by Hargreaves method and correction factor K was improved MoreOne of the most important components of the hydrological cycle is evapotranspiration which plays an important role in water resource management. In the present study the accuracy of evapotranspiration estimation by Hargreaves method and correction factor K was improved using the neural network and decision tree model M5. This coefficient is the ratio of Penman-Monteith evapotranspiration model is the method of Hargreaves. The data used in this study are the maximum and minimum temperatures and relative humidity in the period 2004-2013 Farokhshahr stations and airports in the region ShahrKord is cold and arid. Network Levenberg-Marquardt training algorithm is designed with a feedforward network and sigmoid tangent function is hidden in layers. Decision tree model was designed to help software WEKA. The results show that the neural network and decision tree model to model good performance, but the performance of the neural network model is more accurate correction factor. The results showed that the correction factor carefully before using the Hargreaves RMSE = 0.90 (Root Mean Square Error) Penman-Monteith than that this value after the correction factor to help RMSE = 0.69 and with the use of neural networks the correction factor to help decision tree to reach RMSE = 0.72. The results showed that after using a correction factor to the improved performance of Hargreaves. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
263 - Evaluation of Different Estimation Methods of Reference Crop Evapotranspiration and Their Comparison with the Pan Evaporation Method case study: Islamabad-Gharb Area عنوان کوتاه
mohammad amin parandin seyed aliashraf sadraddiniAn irrigation planning is set in order to determining the soil water balance and estimation of the water future consumption based on the calculation or measuremant of the Evapotranspiration values, which providing a possibility for prediction of a real time that corresp MoreAn irrigation planning is set in order to determining the soil water balance and estimation of the water future consumption based on the calculation or measuremant of the Evapotranspiration values, which providing a possibility for prediction of a real time that corresponding to the moisture index of management Allowed Deficit (MAD) in soil. This study was conducted for evaluation different reference evapotranspiration models in Islamabad-Gharb area. for this purpose, the monthly data of Islamabad-Gharb synoptic Meteorology stations during a period of 30-year (1394-1364)were used. After restruction of the missed data and verification of the reference stations, values of the evapotranspiration were calculated with 9 valied formulas using REF-ET software. In order to determine the best method, the output values of the models were compared with evaporation pan data, using some statistical criterio. According to the results, the highest correlation coeficient (r=0.99) was obtained between the output data of the Blaney- Cradle model and evaporation pan. Also the minimum root mean square error (RMSE) values of 22.2 (mm/day) and 24.42 (mm/day) were belogend to the models of torque and Blaney- Cradle, respectively. Furthermore the highest efficiency (EF) value(0.93) was obtained for the both models of Blaney- Cradle and torque. Hence by considering the resulted minimum mean percentage error (MAPE) value (0.01) for Blaney-Cradle, this model was proposed as the most suitable model for application in the studied area. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
264 - Evaluation of Different Determination Methods of Class A Pan Evaporation Coefficient For Estimation daily Evapotranspiration In Islamabad-Gharb Area
amirhosein nazemi mohammad amin parandin seyed aliashraf sadraddiniThermal energy in the air, causing the evaporation of water in the hydrosphere Tremblay and This action continues until saturation the air from the water vapor. evaporate maybe accur from surface water or from wet soil or transpiration from the plants. a common method t MoreThermal energy in the air, causing the evaporation of water in the hydrosphere Tremblay and This action continues until saturation the air from the water vapor. evaporate maybe accur from surface water or from wet soil or transpiration from the plants. a common method to estimate ( ) is using class A pan Evaporation, In this case, multiplying of evaporation from class A pan Evaporation in pan coefficient (Kp) can be achieved (ET0). Pan coefficient (Kp) depends on the location and weather conditions. There are several ways to estimate evaporation pan Coefficient that in all of them is used from daily mean of wind speed (U), relative humidity (H) and the cover (F). The purpose of this research is to find the best evaporation pan coefficient method in Islamabad-Gharb Area, between empirical methods Doorenbos And Pruitt (1977), the Cuenca (1989), the Allen and Pruitt (1991), Model Schneider (1992), model Pereira et al. (1995), the Orang (1998) and the FAO 56 (Allen et al. (1998)) according to the data of meteorological stations Islamabad-Gharb and Compare them with Kp values obtained by dividing the . The values of ET0 are extracted from the lysimetric data from 1395. The results showed that Orang model with a correlation coefficient of 0.99, the root mean square difference of 0.008, efficiency or performance of 0.98 and the mean percentage error (0.003) is much less than other methods shows better and The coefficient of determination show the suitability of the Orang method (0.98). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
265 - Application of Shannon Entropy Theory in Predicting Potential Evapotranspiration (Case Study : Urmia Synoptic Station)
alireza parvishiEvapotranspiration is one of the most important components of the hydrological cycle and its accurate estimation is used in many studies such as water balance, water resources management and irrigation planning. The use of intelligent models can be a good tool for estim MoreEvapotranspiration is one of the most important components of the hydrological cycle and its accurate estimation is used in many studies such as water balance, water resources management and irrigation planning. The use of intelligent models can be a good tool for estimating nonlinear variables such as evaporation and transpiration. The present study used GEP gene expression programming methods and ANFIS fuzzy-adaptive neural inference system to predict monthly reference evapotranspiration. For this purpose, two different modeling modes were developed. The first case of baseline climate patterns and the second case of memory role in predicting monthly reference evapotranspiration, Shannon entropy method was used to select the most optimal inputs. According to the results of GEP model in Ent-CBM8 model with KGE = 0.91, WI = 0.87 and RMSE = 0.495 had the best performance in predicting the monthly reference evapotranspiration of the synoptic station. The results of the implementation of models with basic delay patterns and Shannon's entopy method were able to correctly identify the optimal delay. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
266 - Reassembly of Seyyed Hassan Water Treatment Plant's Transmission Engineering to Waterfront Reservoir No. 1 in Abkhakhozestan with Water James
Seyed Mehdi Hosseini ali asareh -
Open Access Article
267 - بررسی رابطه نظام جبران خدمات و بهرهوری نیروی انسانی (مطالعه موردی : کارکنان ستادی سازمان اوقاف و امور خیریه)
مریم افضل خانی ساریه میرزازاده -
Open Access Article
268 - بررسی تاثیر سیاست های پولی بانک مرکزی بر سودآوری بانک های پذیرفته شده در بورس اوراق بهادار تهران طی سالهای 1390 – 1384
محمد حسین رنجبر محمد محبی علی سلیمی -
Open Access Article
269 - .
محمد شاه بدیع زاده اعظم السادات هاشمیان شهری -
Open Access Article
270 - Comparison of evil in Shahname and Mathnavi
Ramin Moharrami Shokrollah Pur al-Khas Shahla SharifiConsidering God as the creator of evil, we have distanced from the inherent and attributive monotheism. Also, distinguishing the creator of good and bad from each other, we have violated the unity of divine acts. It can be understood from the content of Shahname and Mas MoreConsidering God as the creator of evil, we have distanced from the inherent and attributive monotheism. Also, distinguishing the creator of good and bad from each other, we have violated the unity of divine acts. It can be understood from the content of Shahname and Masnavi that Ferdowsi and Rumi view evil from two perspectives to solve this mystery. The first perspective is holistic and analyzes the relation of evil to God based on the creator and creature relationship and concludes that every creature has been created according to a reason and no evil is real in the universe. From the second perspective, the relation of creatures with each other is examined and the type of human’s look and knowledge determines the good and evil of the creatures. On the other hand, good and evil are relative issues and what human calls evil is considered good in the entire universe. From this viewpoint, it is impossible to perceive a world better than the current world. These interpretations are in line with the mystical view of Rumi that calls the world “impermanent” and that of Ferdowsi that views the universe a “temporary house”. In Ferdowsi’s worldview, deriving evil from good is intellectually implausible, and according to Rumi’s romantic attitude, God does not create inherent evil because of beneficence. However, Ferdowsi believes it is possible to recognize relative evil by wisdom, but Rumi contends it is not possible to understand through wisdom the reason why evil has been created. This study is aimed at providing evidence from Shahname and Mathnavi, showing that Ferdowsi and Rumi, despite different viewpoints about the aim of creation of evil and the tools to recognize it, have similar perspectives about the creator and relativity of evil. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
271 - Preaching Methods in Asrar-AL-towhid
maryam Jafarzadeh Reza RoohaniPreaching is conveying a message to another through communication in order to change his vision and behavior. It is considered as a persuasive communication using to influence on people. Abu Sa'id Abi al-Khair, one of the prominent mistics, is familiar with and believes MorePreaching is conveying a message to another through communication in order to change his vision and behavior. It is considered as a persuasive communication using to influence on people. Abu Sa'id Abi al-Khair, one of the prominent mistics, is familiar with and believes in the principles of propaganda and correcting one's bad deeds is one of his main concerns. The methods of preaching in Abi al-khair's Asrar-al-towhid is studied in this paper through a descriptive-analytical approach. Based on the results of this study, Bou sa'id has used preaching methods such as accompanying, negation and proof, model method, gradual method, argumentative, association of meanings, repetition, sudden design, and repartee to express his message. Considering the value of her message, what makes his method different from others is the outwits he uses in each of these methods of preaching. Abu Sa'id's influence on the audience's behavior is reflected in the changes occurred in his audience's inner states and the emotional and belief changes they were going through aftermath. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
272 - -
hossein mohamadi ali hanafi mohsen soltani -
Open Access Article
273 - اثر تیمار طول شاخه بریده بر عمر گلجایی و روابط آبی گل رز رقم ’بینگو وایت‘
رحیم نقشی بند حسنی سمیه یوسفی داود زارع حقییکی از فاکتورهای مهم در کنترل کیفیت محصولات گل­های تازه، طول شاخه است که تعیین کننده مهم عملکرد شاخه بریده بوده و درجه­بندی و بازاررسانی بسیاری از گل­های شاخه بریده مانند رز بر اساس طول شاخه است. هدف این مطالعه بررسی تیمار طول­های مختلف شاخه بریده Moreیکی از فاکتورهای مهم در کنترل کیفیت محصولات گل­های تازه، طول شاخه است که تعیین کننده مهم عملکرد شاخه بریده بوده و درجه­بندی و بازاررسانی بسیاری از گل­های شاخه بریده مانند رز بر اساس طول شاخه است. هدف این مطالعه بررسی تیمار طول­های مختلف شاخه بریده و محلول ساکارز بر عمر گل­جایی و تعادل آبی گل رز رقم ’بینگو وایت‘ بود. این آزمایش به­صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کامل تصادفی با چهار سطح مختلف طول شاخه (25، 35، 45 و 55 سانتی­متر) و دو سطح ساکارز (صفر و دو درصد) همراه با هیپوکلریت سدیم با غلظت 50 میلی­گرم در لیتر در سه تکرار، در دمای 2± 23 درجه­سانتی­گراد و رطوبت نسبی 5 ± 65 درصد و شدت نور 12 میکرومول برمترمربع در ثانیه (لامپ­های فلورسنت سفید خنک) با 12 ساعت روشنایی تا پایان عمر گلجایی انجام شد. در این آزمایش پارامترهای کیفی و کمی مختلفی از قبیل: عمرگلجایی، پتانسیل آب برگ و گل، نشت یونی برگ و گلبرگ، پایداری غشا سلول­های برگ و گلبرگ و هدایت روزنه­ای برگ مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفتند. نتایج نشان داد که، بیشترین عمر گلجایی (17 روز) در کمترین تیمار طول شاخه (25 سانتی­متر) در محلول گلجایی حاوی ساکارز دو درصد و کمترین عمر گلجایی (10 روز) در بزرگترین طول شاخه (55 سانتی­متر) به­طور معنی­داری (01/0P <) مشاهده شد. کمترین میزان نشت یونی برگ و گلبرگ به­طور معنی­داری (05/0P <) در کوتاه­ترین طول شاخه (25 سانتی­متر) مشاهده شد، اگرچه تفاوت معنی­داری بین سایر سطوح طول شاخه شامل 35 و 45 سانتی­متر با سطح 25 سانتی­متر وجود نداشت. کمترین میزان شاخص پایداری غشا سلولی به شکل معنی­داری (05/0P <) در بیشترین طول شاخه (55 سانتی متر) در مقایسه با سایر طول های شاخه بود. بیشترین میزان پتانسیل آب برگ و گل به­صورت معنی داری (01/0P <) در تیمار 35 سانتی­متر طول شاخه در مقایسه با سایر طول­ها مشاهده گردید. هدایت روزنه­ای برگ در طول زمان کاهش یافت و تحت تاثیر تیمار طول شاخه به شکل معنی­داری قرار نگرفت. کمترین میزان پایداری غشا برگ و گلبرگ در طول ساقه 55 سانتی­متر مشاهده شد و بین سایر طول­ها اختلاف معنی­داری وجود نداشت. هدایت روزنه­ای در طول زمان کاهش یافت و تحت تأثیر تیمارها قرار نگرفت. به­طور کلی نتایج ما نشان داد که، تیمار طول­ کوتاه­تر شاخه (25 سانتی­متر) و محلول ساکارز 2 درصد نه تنها بیشترین تأثیر را بر افزایش عمرگلجایی داشت بلکه باعث بهتر شدن وضعیت آبی، کاهش نشت یونی و افزایش پایداری غشا سلولی گلبرگ شد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
274 - Evaluation of yield and yield components of different varieties of pinto beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) under water stress conditions.
Mahdi Ziaei Nasab ali Rahmati Mansour AbadIn order to evaluate the yield and yield components of pinto bean varieties (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), under water stress, an experiment was conducted in 2016 in Damavand city in the form of a split plot design based on a randomized complete block design with 3 replicatio MoreIn order to evaluate the yield and yield components of pinto bean varieties (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), under water stress, an experiment was conducted in 2016 in Damavand city in the form of a split plot design based on a randomized complete block design with 3 replications. So that water stress (A), as the main factor, includes three levels: control, mild stress and severe stress and variety (B) was considered as a subfactor, including 6 varieties of pinto beans (Ghaffar, F16, Ks21492, Ks21495, Ks21558 and Ks22102). The traits of number of pods per plant, length of pods, number of seeds per pod, weight of 100 seeds, biological yield, yield of seeds per plant and harvest index were measured and indices of drought stress tolerance were calculated. According to the results of analysis of variance, the effect of water deficit stress was significant on all studied traits, except for the traits of weight of 100 seeds, biological yield. Also, there was a significant difference between the investigated varieties in terms of all the studied traits at the probability level of 1%. The results of comparing the mean treatments showed that Ks 21495 had the highest seed yield with the highest values of the number of pods per plant and the number of seeds per pod. Based on the obtained results, mean productivity (MP), geometric mean productivity (GMP), harmonic mean (HARM) and stress tolerance index (STI) indices were the most appropriate indices for the strain-tolerant varieties. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
275 - .
سعید شریفی علی رشیدپور مریم سپیانیاین پژوهش با هدف بررسی رابطه بین مدیریت دانش و مصرف کالاهای فرهنگی در میان معلمان و مربیان آموزشی دبیرستانهای فریدن به صورت پیمایشی در سال 1397 انجام گرفته است. از جامعه آماری 155 نفره این پژوهش به کمک جدول حجم نمونه مورگان 105 نفر برای تحلیل انتخاب شدند و نتایج گویای Moreاین پژوهش با هدف بررسی رابطه بین مدیریت دانش و مصرف کالاهای فرهنگی در میان معلمان و مربیان آموزشی دبیرستانهای فریدن به صورت پیمایشی در سال 1397 انجام گرفته است. از جامعه آماری 155 نفره این پژوهش به کمک جدول حجم نمونه مورگان 105 نفر برای تحلیل انتخاب شدند و نتایج گویای وجود رابطه معنادار بین دو متغیر اصلی پژوهش در دو بعد بررسی رابطه دو متغیره و در بعد مدلسازی معادله ساختاری هستند. به نحوی که هر دو ضریب به دست آمده مثبت و معنادار است. به عبارت بهتر میزان مدیریت دانش افراد تاثیر مثبت و معناداری بر میزان مصرف کالاهای فرهنگی آنان دارد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
276 - Evaluate the relationship between knowledge management with the consumption of cultural goods among academic librarians in Isfahan (Esfahan University, industrial and medical sciences)
محمدرحیم رسولی آزاد سمانه گوهریThis study aimed to evaluate the relationship between knowledge management and consumption of cultural goods among academic librarians in Isfahan (Isfahan University, Isfahan University and Isfahan University of Medical Sciences) applied research and the practice of fam MoreThis study aimed to evaluate the relationship between knowledge management and consumption of cultural goods among academic librarians in Isfahan (Isfahan University, Isfahan University and Isfahan University of Medical Sciences) applied research and the practice of family solidarity was conducted in 1392. The data collection tool is a questionnaire. To analyze the data obtained from the questionnaire also statistical software SPSS 19 and Amos Graphics for analysis and structural equation modeling was used to analyze the data, descriptive and inferential statistics correlation coefficients were used. The results indicate a significant relationship between two variables the study examined the relationship between the two variables and structural equation modeling are after. In a way that is both positive and significant coefficient obtained. In other words, knowledge management in a significant positive impact on the consumption of cultural goods has them. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
277 - .
.. باقری مهدی احمدلو مرضیه نصیری.. -
Open Access Article
278 - الگوریتم رقابت استعماری (ICA) مبتنی بر روش بهینهسازی مخزن در سد کهیر
علی سردار شهرکی سمیه امایکمبود آب، به ویژه در ایران و در دوره خشکسالی­های اخیر، بر اهمیت دستیابی به یک سیاست عملیاتی بهینه برای مخازن بزرگ اهمیت پیدا کرده است. در دو دهه گذشته، بهینه­سازی سالانه مخازن در شرایط کنترل شده و همچنین شرایط آب و هوایی توجه بسیاری از محققان و کارشناسان را به خ Moreکمبود آب، به ویژه در ایران و در دوره خشکسالی­های اخیر، بر اهمیت دستیابی به یک سیاست عملیاتی بهینه برای مخازن بزرگ اهمیت پیدا کرده است. در دو دهه گذشته، بهینه­سازی سالانه مخازن در شرایط کنترل شده و همچنین شرایط آب و هوایی توجه بسیاری از محققان و کارشناسان را به خود جلب کرده است. در این مطالعه، رویکرد جدیدی برای پیش­بینی ذخیره مخزن ارائه شده است. الگوریتم رقابت استعماری (ICA) یک رویکرد جدید در زمینه محاسبات تکاملی است که راه حل بهینه را در مشکلات مختلف بهینه­سازی محاسبه می­کند. این الگوریتم با مدل­سازی ریاضی فرآیند تکامل اجتماعی روانشناختی، رویکرد جدیدی را برای حل مشکلات بهینه­سازی ریاضی ارائه می­دهد و در مقایسه با سایر الگوریتم­ها، سرعت مناسب و سرعت همگرایی بالایی را در یافتن پاسخ بهینه دارد. در این تحقیق از الگوریتم رقابتی امپریالیست برای بهینه­سازی سالانه مخزن کهیر برای به دست آوردن سیاست­های بهینه استفاده شده است. عملکرد هدف از جهت دستیابی به آب در پایین دست نیاز به ایجاد روابط براساس استمرار وجود دارد. عملکرد هدف از جهت دستیابی به آب در پایین دست نیاز به ایجاد روابط براساس استمرار دارد. مقایسه مدل ICA در جمع 100 نشان داد که الگوریتم ICA با میانگین بهترین ارزش تابع هدف 125، 6/114 و 60/85 با تعدادی از ارزیابی­های بیشتر تابع هدف برای دستیابی به ظرفیت بالاتر، پاسخ بهینه است. نتایج حاکی از خطای 1/6 درصدی در اجرای الگوریتم ICA بین انبارهای مشاهده شده و پیش بینی شده است. نتایج استفاده از الگوریتم رقابتی امپریالیست برای مسئله بهینه­سازی سالانه بیانگر توانایی روش پیشنهادی است. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
279 - تاثیر جاده سازی در ذخیره کربن آلی حوزه آبخیز کوهستانی در شمال ایران
کاظم نصرتی سعید جلالیهدف از این مطالعه، بررسی تاثیر جاده سازی در میزان ذخیره کربن در حوزه آبخیز زیارت می­باشد. بر این اساس از 5 کاربری جنگل، مرتع، کشاورزی، جاده و آبراهه نمونه برداری و میزان کربن آلی هر کدام محاسبه شد. نتایج نشان می­دهد جاده سازی عامل کاهش ذخیره کربن آلی بوده و میزا Moreهدف از این مطالعه، بررسی تاثیر جاده سازی در میزان ذخیره کربن در حوزه آبخیز زیارت می­باشد. بر این اساس از 5 کاربری جنگل، مرتع، کشاورزی، جاده و آبراهه نمونه برداری و میزان کربن آلی هر کدام محاسبه شد. نتایج نشان می­دهد جاده سازی عامل کاهش ذخیره کربن آلی بوده و میزان آن تفاوت زیادی در کاربری جنکل و سایر کاربری­ها دارد. میزان ذخیره کربن آلی در کابری­های جنگل، مرتع، کشاورزی، آبراهه و جاده به ترتیب 143، 136، 128، 36 و 29 مگاگرم در هکتار می­باشد. نتایج این مطالعه می­تواند در ترسیب کربن و کاهش گازهای گلخانهای مفید باشد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
280 - بررسی پتانسیل سازندها در ترشیری ایران مرکزی برای احداث مخازن زیرزمینی گاز طبیعی
خلیل رضایی نیما نظام وفا ندا نوروزی سروش نظام وفا -
Open Access Article
281 - تعیین محیط تشکیل سازند آغاجاری بر اساس رخسار ههای سنگی و عناصر ساختاری در برشی از جنوب خاوری سروستان، استان فارس
محمد صحرائیان محمد بهرامی سید حسن حجازی -
Open Access Article
282 - مطالعات پالئولیمنولوژی و علل کاهش ناگهانی تراز آب دریاچه ارومیه
راضیه لک جواد درویشی خاتونی علی محمدی -
Open Access Article
283 - Evaluation of new technologies in storing and retrieving information at IRIB's video archiving system based in Tehran
Ghanbar ahmadi Akbar JokarObjective: The main purpose of this study is to evaluate new technologies in storing and retrieving information at IRIB's video archiving system through examining the current and ongoing situation. Methodology: The present study was a descriptive-analytical study using MoreObjective: The main purpose of this study is to evaluate new technologies in storing and retrieving information at IRIB's video archiving system through examining the current and ongoing situation. Methodology: The present study was a descriptive-analytical study using a survey method which completed in December 2020. The statistical population of this study included 120 employees and specialists, working in 20 archive centers Department of Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting, IRIB, with degrees in fields including library and information sciences. Census sampling was performed. In this study, because the whole population was targeted, the census method was used. The data collection tool of this research was a questionnaire. The validity and reliability of information measurement tools were confirmed by the professors of information science and statistical analysis, and Cronbach's alpha coefficient was equal to 0.92 all based on results by software (SPSS) version 21. Data were analyzed in two sections including descriptive statistics and inferential statistics.Results: The results of the research showed that the components of information storage, information retrieval, transfer and application of technology in these archiving systems with scores including 3.61, 3.81, 3.70, and 3.64 are at an appropriate level. Therefore, the role of new technologies in storing and retrieving information at the IRIB's archiving systems is evident.Conclusion: According to the results of the study, the use of new information technologies in archives can be a tool to improve the speed, memory and high accuracy in providing, the possibility of cheap use of information from other archives and databases. By using technology in archives, by sharing resources, in addition to eliminating duplication and fragmented activities, it is possible to reduce the costs and ease of access to resources to increase the efficiency of archives and provide user satisfaction. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
284 - واپسین گرایش سیاسی بهار و قصیده ی جغد جنگ
علی میرانصاری -
Open Access Article
285 - مقایسه اثر کاتالیستی فولرن، گرافن و نانولوله کربنی (5،0) بر واجذب هیدروژن در سدیم آلانیت به عنوان منبع ذخیره هیدروژن در پیلهای سوختی
مرجان رفیعی -
Open Access Article
286 - مدلسازی و بهینهسازی مصرف آب خنککننده در فرایند تبخیر ناگهانی چند مرحلهای شیرینسازی آب شور
محمدرضا جعفری نصر خسرو باختری عیسی خوشرو رودبارکی -
Open Access Article
287 - سنتز و شناسایی شبکه آلی فلزی MOF-199 اصلاح شده با Pd/SWCNTs به منظور افزایش جذب گاز هیدروژن در دمای محیط
مجتبی فریادرس عباس عبدالملکی حنیف کازرونی سکینه ماندگارزاد -
Open Access Article
288 - کاربست دانش زیست الگو جهت ارتقاء بازده پوستههای ساختمانی با الهام از مورفولوژی و سازوکار جذب رطوبت کاکتوس (مورد مطالعه یک ساختمان بلند مرتبه اداری در شهر تهران)
علیرضا کریم پور الهه کرمی آرزو ملک -
Open Access Article
289 - Factors affecting cause-related marketing (CRM) in sports producers
Aidin Hajibaklo Seyed Emad Hosseini Jamshid SayarnejadThis research was formed with the aim of investigating the factors affecting charitable marketing in sports products. Based on this, this research was done using a descriptive-analytical method. The statistical population was 450 sports producers. Research samples based MoreThis research was formed with the aim of investigating the factors affecting charitable marketing in sports products. Based on this, this research was done using a descriptive-analytical method. The statistical population was 450 sports producers. Research samples based on Cochran's formula calculations consisted of 250 people who were selected in a stratified and random manner. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire.The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by the formal method and its reliability was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha test at the rate of 0.901. Data were evaluated with spss and pls software. The results of this research showed that social factors, environmental factors, cultural-ethical factors and management factors have a positive and significant effect on charitable marketing.The most important management factor of charitable marketing in sports productions is the responsibility factor.The most important social factor is social responsibility.The most important environmental factor is market conditions and the most important cultural factor is altruism. In general, charity marketing is a good idea for sports products and can be used as a popular strategy to promote sales or improve brand image. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
290 - Analyzing the Relationship between Political Skills and Pro-Social Rule Breaking Among Sports Managers with the Mediator Role of Assertiveness
Davood Nasr Esfahani somayeh rahbari Ruhollah RamyarThe aim of the present study was to analyze the relationship between political skills and Pro-social rule breaking among sports managers with a mediating role of assertiveness. In terms of purpose, this research was an applied research with a quantitative approach , it MoreThe aim of the present study was to analyze the relationship between political skills and Pro-social rule breaking among sports managers with a mediating role of assertiveness. In terms of purpose, this research was an applied research with a quantitative approach , it was considered as a correlational research. The statistical population of this research includes the Iran's sports (N=373), based on the Karjesi and Morgan table, 191 people were considered as a sample. The research collection tools were Fries et al.'s political skills (2007), Wardaman et al.'s (2014) pro-social rule breaking, and Ratos assertiveness (2007) questionnaires. According to the results of the research, it was found that the state of political skill and courage in the Iran's top sports managers was at a favorable level, while the state of benevolent law breaking was not significantly different from the average level. The results showed that there was political skills had a direct and significant relationship between pro-social rule breaking (r = 0. 68), political skills and assertiveness (r = 0. 89), and assertiveness on pro-social rule breaking (r = 0. 30) in senior sports managers. The results also confirmed the existence of a significant and positive effect of political skills on pro-social rule breaking with the mediation role of assertiveness in senior sports managers (r = 0. 26). The research model also had a good fit. The presence of political skills in sports managers creates a phenomenon of assertiveness in these people and increases pro-social rule breaking. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
291 - Type of ownership and audit report lag
Hassan Chenari rostam ranjbar naviThe delay in the issuance of the auditor's report constitutes a failure to provide timely information and reducing the quality of the reported data. This study investigated the relationship between some corporate governance mechanisms (concentrated ownership and blockin MoreThe delay in the issuance of the auditor's report constitutes a failure to provide timely information and reducing the quality of the reported data. This study investigated the relationship between some corporate governance mechanisms (concentrated ownership and blocking shares) and delays in audit reports on companies listed in the Tehran Stock Exchange. Information needed for the study of the financial statements of 95 companies in the period 2012-2016 was collected. For the analysis of multivariate regression with panel data is used. The results of the test the first hypothesis suggests that the concentrated ownership and there is not a delay in the audit report. But the results of the second hypothesis showed that blocking the ownership of shares and the delay in the audit report and there is a significant inverse relationship.But the results of the second hypothesis showed that blocking the ownership of shares and the delay in the audit report and there is a significant inverse relationship. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
292 - Role of Intellectual Capital on Firms Financial Flexibility and Performance: Based on Time Delay Variable
Farzin Rezaei Khadijeh IsazadehThe purpose of this study is to investigate the relation between Intellectual Capital, Financial Flexibility and Financial Performance. Using data drawn from 73 Iranian companies listed in Tehran Stock during 2003-2008, the authors construct regression models to exam MoreThe purpose of this study is to investigate the relation between Intellectual Capital, Financial Flexibility and Financial Performance. Using data drawn from 73 Iranian companies listed in Tehran Stock during 2003-2008, the authors construct regression models to examine the relationship between Intellectual Capital, Financial Flexibility and Financial Performance. The results support the hypothesis that firms’ intellectual capital has a positive, significant and strong impact on financial flexibility (Free cash flow and Operational cash flow). In addition, evidence is presented that intellectual capital has a positive impact on financial performance (return on assets and cumulative abnormal assets) but intellectual capital does not have a positive impact on sustained capital. Also evidence is presented that the relationship between intellectual capital and financial flexibility is stronger than the relationship between intellectual capital and financial performance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
293 - Analysis of Current Situation of Knowladge Mamagement in Ministry of Science, Research and Technology in Iran for Presentation Approach to Progressive Them
H. Darvish R. Noruzzadeh احمدرضا HejaziNowadays, Knowledge Management is considered as one of the newest and most important topics in management. Most of organizations apply Knowledge Management for evacuating mental capacities of their employees (Mehrali Zadeh, 2009). This research, with purpose of study MoreNowadays, Knowledge Management is considered as one of the newest and most important topics in management. Most of organizations apply Knowledge Management for evacuating mental capacities of their employees (Mehrali Zadeh, 2009). This research, with purpose of studying knowledge management status in Committee District of Ministry of Sciences, Research & Technology and presenting strategies for its promotion, and also by considering status of Knowledge Management quintuple components including:. From the viewpoint of nature this research is descriptive-geodesic and is an applied research. Statistical society includes members of Faculty Board and Committee District Experts of Ministry of Sciences, Research & Technology that are 594 persons. For collecting information incontestable questionnaire is applied. Data analysis has been performed through t- student, variance analysis tests and Duncan’s moderate duplicate and also SPSS and Statistica 6/0. Validity of this questionnaire has been confirmed by guide and counselor professors and some of specialists in this field and its corrections have been regulated after gaining their viewpoints. Reliability of this questionnaire has been computed by Cronbach's alpha test and point of 0.961 shows its high reliability. Findings gained according to variance analysis and Duncan’s moderate duplicate tests in this research show that Knowledge Management status in researching, technical, and also cultural and social deputations in comparison with other deputations is in appropriate state. Knowledge Management status in Minister’s departments and student deputation is in middle level and educational, administrative and financial deputations and resources management department about executing Knowledge Management is in inappropriate state. Accordance with these findings, establishment and disassembly of Knowledge Management in Committee District of Ministry of Sciences, ResearchTechnology helps to achievement of organization goals and vocation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
294 - Explain the jurisprudential and legal challenges of bank delay fines and provide solutions
Muhammad Hadi Mahdawi Ehsan Ali Akbari Babukani Jawad EdalatjooOne of the issues in long-term transactions, especially in banking transactions, is the non-payment of debts at the due date. Public trust and the reduction of long-term transactions, the reduction of good loans, and the reduction of the spirit of cooperation and cooper MoreOne of the issues in long-term transactions, especially in banking transactions, is the non-payment of debts at the due date. Public trust and the reduction of long-term transactions, the reduction of good loans, and the reduction of the spirit of cooperation and cooperation between individuals. Shari'a and the interests of society, to find practical solutions to solve the problem fairly and justly. One solution to this problem is "late payment penalty" or "late payment damages". The penalty for late payment is a way to compensate for the damages incurred by the debtor as a result of the debtor's delay in paying his debts, so not only is it not subject to usury, but its compensation is protected by the legislature with general rules such as no harm. But in relation to it, challenges such as usury, non-segregation of debtor classes, encouraging customers to default, have been raised regarding the penalty for late payment, which the present article seeks to explain, and it seems that none of these challenges is the principle of penalty for late payment. It does not distort. Solutions such as the implementation of collateral and guarantee, the condition of late payment damages, financial penalties for violators, financial penalties for violators, the formation of a charity fund, the formation of a creditor protection fund, can be very effective for the challenges of bank delay penalties. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
295 - Jungian Archetypes and Abu Saeed Abu al-Kheir’s Mystical Method: A Comparative Study
Taqi Eje'i Mahdi Arab JafariMuslim mystics and Jung have similar teachings and views. Jungian archetypes, especially the archetypes of shadow and persona, are close to the ideas of Muslim mystics. Features of the shadow are close to the features that Islamic mystics express for soul, and the worsh MoreMuslim mystics and Jung have similar teachings and views. Jungian archetypes, especially the archetypes of shadow and persona, are close to the ideas of Muslim mystics. Features of the shadow are close to the features that Islamic mystics express for soul, and the worship and asceticism that mystics do to refining soul are somewhat like Jungian archetype of persona. Of course, due to the difference in goals and the epistemic foundations of Muslim mystics and Jung, there are differences in their methods. The present article seeks to compare these two Jungian archetypes with the teachings of Abu Saeed Abu al-Kheir. The author has tried to explain the similarities and differences of these two epistemological approaches with a comparative look, and to show the presentations of shadow in Abu Saeed's thoughts. Also, the attempt is made to find the types of persona in his ideas and express their positive and negative role. The result of the research shows that Jung's goal is to adapt man to his society and providing individuality for him in this society, but the goal of Abu Saeed is to bring man to Truth. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
296 - The Decontextualized Interpretation in Asrār al-Tawhid of Abu Said Abul-Khayr
farzad baloo reza rezapourIn Iranian thought, mysticism, along with Islamic jurisprudence, theology, philosophy, has opened new horizons in exegesis (tafsīr) and has had remarkable achievements in this field.The works that reflect the discovery and intuition of mystics are proof of this claim. I MoreIn Iranian thought, mysticism, along with Islamic jurisprudence, theology, philosophy, has opened new horizons in exegesis (tafsīr) and has had remarkable achievements in this field.The works that reflect the discovery and intuition of mystics are proof of this claim. In the field of practical and theoretical mysticism, Muslim mystics often justified their interpretive approach by referring to Quranic verses and hadiths, and in addition, they also used to introduce their own epistemological and ontological foundations. Among the mystics who engaged in practical mysticism, Abu Said Abul-Khayr, puts decontextualization at the center of his interpretations in various fields, including verses and hadiths, poetry, quotations, deeds, everyday events, and so on. In this approach, the intention of the author/speaker is discussed, but the context from which the verse, hadith and so on arises, is put aside. Abu Said Abul-Khayr removes all verses, hadiths, deeds etc. from the historical context and interprets them according to the mystical circumstances and context. The creation of new meanings and interpretations, the presentation of new horizons and worlds, are the results of such a view. By using a descriptive-analytical method, the present article deals with these issues in detail. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
297 - The Common Features of Pir/Sheikh (Old Wise Man) in Asrār al-Tawhid and The Brothers Karamazov
azadeh hodeini arastoo mirani mohammadali mirMysticism, as a human phenomenon, is not limited to a specific geographical region or ideology and its presence is seen in almost all cultures. Regarding the intercultural interactions between different cultures, mutual influence in the field of epistemological issues s MoreMysticism, as a human phenomenon, is not limited to a specific geographical region or ideology and its presence is seen in almost all cultures. Regarding the intercultural interactions between different cultures, mutual influence in the field of epistemological issues seems obvious. Among Russian writers, Fyodor Dostoevsky, in a part of his novel The Brothers Karamazov, refers to the common mystical culture in Russia. In the novel, he frankly states that he has been influenced by the culture of Eastern mysticism. In the present study, by using library sources and descriptive-analytical method, the common features of Pir/Sheikh (old wise man) in Asrār al-Tawhid of Mohammad ibn Monvvar (the representative of Eastern mysticism) and The Brothers Karamazov (the representative of Western mysticism) have been investigated. The results of the research show that in these two books, the ways of life of Abu Said Abul-Khayr and Father Zosima (as the Pir/Sheikh or old wise men) have been dealt with, and topics such as the absolute obedience to the old wise man, the tendency of the masses to monastery and Sufi monastery, the public popularity of the old wise man, the guiding role of him in solving the problems of all the people, the charismatic acts of him, his connection with the Divine world, and the sanctification of the old wise man have been discussed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
298 - The Mystical Passage of Abu Said Abul-Khayr in the Context of the Theory of Rites of Passage
Masoud Hasani Farhād DoroudgariānRitual studies is an interdisciplinary area that encompasses a wide ranges of branches of humanities. According to the theory of rites of passage, the symbolic structure of ancient and mythological religions in different cultures has a specific pattern. The present stud MoreRitual studies is an interdisciplinary area that encompasses a wide ranges of branches of humanities. According to the theory of rites of passage, the symbolic structure of ancient and mythological religions in different cultures has a specific pattern. The present study, by using an analytical-descriptive method, wants to answer the question that to what extent does the mystical passage of Abu Said Abul-Khayr, which is reflected in ancient texts such as Tazkirat al-Awliya of Attār and Asrār al-Tawhid of Mohammad ibn Monvvar, correspond to the theory of rites of passage? The mystical passage of Abu Said Abul-Khayr is consistent with the three-phase pattern (separation, transition, and reincorporation) of Arnold van Gennep. Abu Said's mystical journey (suluk) which has been formed through a difficult and ritualistic process and is based on unique doctrinal and practical characteristics, eventually becomes an anti-structure in the Sufism of that time. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
299 - Openmindedness in the Thoughts of Abusa’id Abolkhayr and Sohrab Sepehri
Abdolali Oveisi KehkhāSome researchers believe that the poems of Sohrab Sepehri are influenced by Islamic Iranian mysticism, but some others refer to the influence of Eastern and Indian mysticism, and the other group rejects any mystical context in his works. On the other hand, the thoughts MoreSome researchers believe that the poems of Sohrab Sepehri are influenced by Islamic Iranian mysticism, but some others refer to the influence of Eastern and Indian mysticism, and the other group rejects any mystical context in his works. On the other hand, the thoughts of Abusa’id Abolkhayr, one of the great Sufis of Khorasan School, have some similarities with Eastern mysticism. Both Abusa’id Abolkhayr and Sohrab Sepehri have an openminded look to Shariah (Islamic law); concealing vices and sins of men, kindness with God’s creatures, being free from race prejudice are their distinctive features. They have passed the usual boundaries between good and evil and criticize the hypocrisy and taboos. Based on mystical doctrines of Abusa’id Abolkhayr and Sohrab Sepehri and with regard to the books Asrar al-Tawhid and Hasht Ketab, the present article tries to consider the subject of openmindedness in their thoughts. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
300 - Red Herring in the Words and Behaviors of Abū-Saīd Abul-Khayr
Samareh Ashrafi Malek Mohammad FarrokhzādThe reversal of affairs or inversion of meanings is the base of many ideas of Abū-Saīd Abul-Khayr in his book, Asrar al-Tawhid (The Mysteries of Unification). They can explain one of the most important reasons of attractiveness of this highly valuable mystical book. So, MoreThe reversal of affairs or inversion of meanings is the base of many ideas of Abū-Saīd Abul-Khayr in his book, Asrar al-Tawhid (The Mysteries of Unification). They can explain one of the most important reasons of attractiveness of this highly valuable mystical book. So, in this paper, first of all, some kinds of inversion of meanings are introduced, cases like preferability of wealth over poverty, the superiority of joy over retirement, superiority of tolerance over revenge and etc.. One of the main reasons for this kind of attitude is the adherence to intoxication (sokr) against sobriety (sahv) in Abū-Saīd's ideas. When he promotes moral values, explains his own states or others' moods and caters to the spiritual and material needs of all people, he uses literary language and has different approaches to the norms of his contemporaries. In this way, depending on the audience's position, Abū-Saīd chases a red herring. By using this method, he struggles with the Sufi pride of his age. In the present article, the research methodology is descriptive-analytical method. Also, new findings about Asrar al-Tawhid are taken into consideration. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
301 - The Mythical Themes of the Story of Good and Evil in Nizami’s Haft Paykar
seyed ahmad PārsāMost of ancient beliefs and rituals are presented in old stories and legends. The aim of present article is to study the mythical themes of "the story of good and evil" in Nizami’s Haft Paykar and its relationship with Shahnāmeh. The relation of theme of "the stor MoreMost of ancient beliefs and rituals are presented in old stories and legends. The aim of present article is to study the mythical themes of "the story of good and evil" in Nizami’s Haft Paykar and its relationship with Shahnāmeh. The relation of theme of "the story of good and evil" in Haft Paykar with the story of Zahhāk and Kāveh, as well as the relation of both with one of the basic beliefs of Aryans, the principle of goodness and badness which is rooted in the battle of Ahurā Mazdā and Ahriman, are studied by using descriptive, content analysis and library methods. The research shows that Nizami’s story is influenced by the story of Zahhāk and Kāveh and in some cases it can be considered as the complement of Shahnāmeh. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
302 - The effect of potassium chloride on vegetative parameters of sorghum inoculated with mycorrhizal fungi (Glumus mossea) under water stress condition
Ahmad Mehraban Bahman FazelinasabBackground & Objectives: The effect of different levels of potassium fertilizers on sorghum inoculated with mycorrhizal fungi (Glumus mossea) was evaluated under water stress condition in a split-plot experiment, based on randomized complete block design in four rep MoreBackground & Objectives: The effect of different levels of potassium fertilizers on sorghum inoculated with mycorrhizal fungi (Glumus mossea) was evaluated under water stress condition in a split-plot experiment, based on randomized complete block design in four replicates. Materials & Methods: Treatments were carried out in three different levels of stress including irrigation after 40, 80 and 120 mm evaporation from pan evaporation class A (S1, S2, and S3, respectively); three different levels of potassium chloride fertilizer treatments including without fertilizers, 75 kg and 150 kg/hec of potassium chloride (K1, K2 and, K3, respectively). The studied parameters were plant height, number of tiller per plant, flag leaf length, panicle length, and fresh and dry forage yield. Results: Our results indicated that the maximum value of all measured parameters obtained from S1. Increasing water stress resulted in a decrease in both yield and growth rate. Furthermore, among K treatments, maximum panicle length and fresh and dry forage yield obtained from K3. Correlation study showed a positive correlation between forage yield of sorghum and height and diameter of the stem. Conclusion: Among the applied treatments, the optimal amount of potassium chloride fertilizer was 150 kg/hec along with irrigation after 40 mm evaporation from the evaporation pan. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
303 - ضمانت اجرای نقض حسن نیت در آیین دادرسی مدنی ایران با مطالعه تطبیقی در اصول آیین دادرسی مدنی فراملی
جواد پورکرمی مجید غمامی حسن محسنی مصطفی السان -
Open Access Article
304 - خسارت ناشی از کاهش ارزش پول در حقوق ایران و انگلستان
سمیه تفقدی زارع -
Open Access Article
305 - بررسی کتاب اسراالتوحید از دیدگاه کنش اجتماعی
الناز محمدزاده عالیه یوسف فام -
Open Access Article
306 - نگاهی به اخلاق ارسطو و تأثیرات آن
احمد بهشتی گیتی داودی -
Open Access Article
307 - Water- Balance and Agro- climatic Analysis in Shiraz Region, By Thornthwaite's methods
Abbas Ali AbounooriDrought is a random characteristic of natural phenomena, brought about by the irregulardeficit or shortage of available water, affects injuriously the plant growth and reduces their yield. Drought does not begin when rain ceases but rather only when plant roots can no l MoreDrought is a random characteristic of natural phenomena, brought about by the irregulardeficit or shortage of available water, affects injuriously the plant growth and reduces their yield. Drought does not begin when rain ceases but rather only when plant roots can no longer obtain soil moisture in needed amounts. To estimate the intensity and the frequency of droughts will help to reduce the injurious effect of drought. In this Study we used the water- budget methods and Thornthwaite's aridity index and its standard deviation for Shiraz during 88<8-9228 to show the frequency and the intensity of drought effects in this place. During this period this station is faced :< times different type of droughts on that five time severe and from the years of 9222 its severity and intensity is increased. We also find out that every ten year this station will affect : times severe type of drought. The most severe drought was the years 9228,and it was repeated lower intensity in the year of 9221 Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
308 - بررسی تاثیر سازندهای زمین شناسی بر روی کیفیت آب، آبخوان دهدشت غربی
اردوان بهزاد فرهاد حمزه -
Open Access Article
309 - برآورد تبخیر و تعرق پتانسیل از طریق رگرسیون چند متغیره در استان اصفهان
قاسم عزیزی علی حنفی محسن سلطانی -
Open Access Article
310 - مطالعه تطبیقی مقادیر برآورد شده تبخیر- تعرق با استفاده از روش تشت تبخیر و مدل FAO56-PM واسنجی شده برمبنای مؤلفه تابش
زهرا آقاشریعتمداری نرگس اطمینان فائزه رفیعی فر -
Open Access Article
311 - Explanation of Epistemology of Form (Idea) of Good through Method of Dialectic
seyed mohammad naghib Mohammad AkvanAbstract: This paper aims to explain the Plato’s viewpoint concerning the quality of knowledge of Forms (Ideas) of Good through the process of dialectic. In order to achieve this goal, author has analyzed the Plato’s works and his commentators regarding the MoreAbstract: This paper aims to explain the Plato’s viewpoint concerning the quality of knowledge of Forms (Ideas) of Good through the process of dialectic. In order to achieve this goal, author has analyzed the Plato’s works and his commentators regarding the quality of relation between dialectic and Forms (Ideas) of Good and the role of dialectic in the process of human’s epistemology to Forms (Ideas) of Good. The achievement of the paper represents that based on Plato’s idea the knowledge of human enjoys some stages and with every stage one recognizes the step of equal of being. Forms (Ideas) of Good is the origin of being and knowledge and it is in the highest stage of being and knowledge. The philosophy of Plato is to seek the soul of truth by the highest level of human’s knowledge, that is intellect. Intellect is the divine glance of the world of truth and human knows the world of ideas and Forms (Ideas) of Good. Dialectic is Plato’s philosophical method in order to perceive these worlds which possesses two intellectual-conceptual and intellectual-intuitive dimensions. Based on Plato’s philosophy, the author tries to explain the process of knowledge of Forms (Ideas) of Good so that it enjoys both an inner solidarity and a logical development. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
312 - The Manner of Perception, Cognition and Interaction in Capture Performance in Deleuze’s Approach
Paria Choubak mohammadM AkvanGilles Deleuze, as a postmodernist philosopher with a sophisticated expanded view on life, offers an approach to analyze behaves which leads to the understanding of human action and behavior. Reading performances as a part of interactive arts which have a valuable place MoreGilles Deleuze, as a postmodernist philosopher with a sophisticated expanded view on life, offers an approach to analyze behaves which leads to the understanding of human action and behavior. Reading performances as a part of interactive arts which have a valuable place among modern arts that have been able to make dynamist art, are successful in a Deleuze’s method. In the present study, the cognition and perception of conquest performance have been studied and the aesthetic rules have been searched in it, and then the obtained knowledge has been used to recognize human behaviors from the perspective of Deleuze's philosophy. Based on the analytical-descriptive method with Deleuze's approach, thus can be said that the performance of conquest as an artistic event provides for the audience, the opportunity to live in the moment, and since it is not a complete action. It is his empiricism, so it makes no sense to make an aesthetic judgment about it. The audience's reaction to the effect is bodily, and the audience, of the body-machine, by connecting to tools and people in the moment, forms a unique machine that also has special potentials, and the choice of the audience(s), Directs the course of the event; Therefore, the performance space has been created in the moment and it has a random orientation based on the Rhizome. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
313 - The Place of God in Plato’s Thought
محمد اکوان بهاره سادات سیاقیUndoubtedly the concept of God is the most important and the most controversial concepts of man’s history which has engaged man’s– especially the philosophers’– attention for long. In divine philosophy of Plato that aims at reaching t MoreUndoubtedly the concept of God is the most important and the most controversial concepts of man’s history which has engaged man’s– especially the philosophers’– attention for long. In divine philosophy of Plato that aims at reaching to a divine and imperceptible principle– one who is absolute in essence– the concept of God has been expressed by different terms in several treatises. In Plato’s philosophy God is called by different titles such as: the Good or Good Idea, placed at the top of the ideal forms, is the cause of every beings and the origin of reality and knowledge; the One which is the most complete and the best form; and the Beauty which is absolute, eternal and self-existent. All these titles are the same and identical in essence. Plato also talks about Demiurge and calls him the Fashioner, not the Creator. Demiurge changed the world from the state of Chaos into the Cosmos. This article tries to study the concept of God from Plato’s viewpoint. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
314 - Designing and Explaining the Cause-related marketing Model in the Dairy Foods industry
Raziyeh Ahangar sole boni seyed kamran Nourbakhsh Vahidreza Mirabi yahya khonsariCause-related marketing is one of the differentiation strategies in non-price competition in markets with intense competition and saturation, such as the food industry. The current research also aims to provide a Cause-related marketing model in the dairy food industry. MoreCause-related marketing is one of the differentiation strategies in non-price competition in markets with intense competition and saturation, such as the food industry. The current research also aims to provide a Cause-related marketing model in the dairy food industry. The method of the current research is a mixed exploratory, which was obtained through the qualitative strategy of Grounded Theory and semi-structured interviews and coding with MAXQDA, conceptual model has been obtained, and then through the quantitative strategies of model fitting and analysis. The statistical population in the qualitative part was the opinions of 12 experts and specialists in the relevant industry, and in the quantitative part 384 Dairy products customers have been implemented in Tehran. This model includes corporate dimensions with an impact of 0.393(company's marketing mix; company resources and capabilities; campaign implementation, managers' and stakeholders' perspectives), dimensions of customers with an impact of 0.438 (beliefs, attitudes; people's values, demographic factors, social stimuli and individual's experience and knowledge), dimensions related to the campaign with an impact of 0.467 (the place and form help, credibility and importance and urgency of the campaign) and Cause-related marketing results (financial and non-financial results)classification and suggestions according to statistical categories have been provided Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
315 - تاثیر ادراک از ابعاد مسئولیت اجتماعی شرکت بر رضایت و ابقاء مشتری
یلدا رحمتی غفرانی نرگس دل افروز میترا شعبانی -
Open Access Article
316 - بررسی عوامل مزیتی استفاده از پالایشگاه شناور در میدان نفتی پارس جنوبی
طهمورث سهرابی حسن صفاجو فاطمه سهرابی -
Open Access Article
317 - The Impact of Knowledge and personal Values on Consumer Ethical Behavior with an Emphasis on the personal and Situational Characteristics
Mehdi Naeimi Nezamabad Hossein Vazifehdust Mohammad Ali Abdolvand Behnaz KhodayariUnderstanding the behavior of ethically minded consumers creates a valuable platform for the success of producers and marketers. The main purpose of the study is to design a model of ethical behavior of consumers in the food industry in Golestan province. The statistica MoreUnderstanding the behavior of ethically minded consumers creates a valuable platform for the success of producers and marketers. The main purpose of the study is to design a model of ethical behavior of consumers in the food industry in Golestan province. The statistical population of the study consisted of consumers of food industry in Golestan province on an indefinite number. Structural equation modeling used to test the hypotheses using Smart Plus Software. The results revealed that there is a positive and significant relationship between consumer knowledge and personal values with ethical concerns. Based on the results, the personal values of universalism and benevolence are related to ethical concerns. The findings also show that there is a significant relationship between consumers' ethical concerns and their ethical behaviors. Identifying consumers with high personal values of universalism and benevolence and providing ethical products to them will lead to their satisfaction and the achievement of goals. Promoting behaviors such as buying from local stores and consuming organic products, as well as participating in protests and marches against companies without ethical responsibility, will also be helpful. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
318 - Costs of Mandatory Audit firm Rotation: Evidence from Audit Fees and Audit Timeliness
Mohammad Bagher Rasoulkhani Ghasem Blue Parastoo DehpourConcerns about the destructive effects of long-term relationships between auditors and business owners on auditor independence and audit quality have led to the formulation of laws limiting these relationships; Therefore, the policy of mandatory rotation, in order to im MoreConcerns about the destructive effects of long-term relationships between auditors and business owners on auditor independence and audit quality have led to the formulation of laws limiting these relationships; Therefore, the policy of mandatory rotation, in order to improve the independence of accountants and as a result to increase the quality of auditing, has attracted the opinion of legislators. Critics of this policy believe that the implementation of such a policy will lead to an increase in audit costs as well as a delay in submitting the audit report. Indeed, critics focus on the cost of forced rotation. Therefore, the aim of the current research is to investigate the price of forced rotation by considering two direct consequences including; The audit fee and the timeliness of the audit report. For this purpose, a sample of 120 companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange during the period of 2017-2022 has been selected. The ordinary least squares regression model was also used to test the research hypotheses. The obtained results show; During the mandatory rotation period, the audit costs increased and the audit report was delayed. The results of this research support the accounting profession's arguments that mandatory turnover is not without cost to various stakeholders, including clients, auditors, and investors. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
319 - Comparing Between 28 Accounting Standard and 58 Insurance by-Law Council and Contrast Differences Between Profit and Trading Taxes of Insurance Corporations Roya Darabi Mahnaz Rabiee Majid Allah-Verdi
رویا Darabi مهناز Rabiei مجید AlahverdiThe main point of this research is comparing the 28 accounting standard with 58 insurance by-law council about recognizing and accounting insurance technical reserves company and scrutinize the meaning of contrast between net profit,profit availables for allocation and MoreThe main point of this research is comparing the 28 accounting standard with 58 insurance by-law council about recognizing and accounting insurance technical reserves company and scrutinize the meaning of contrast between net profit,profit availables for allocation and trading taxes of insurance corporations. This project is applied in aspect of the main aim and is correlative in aspect of nature. In this project, the effect of applying 28accounting standard, 58 insurance by-low council and the researcher solution's(Accounting and Reporting of technical reserves, and natural disaster as margin capital reserves in the ownership interest part) at the net profit,profit availables for allocation and trading taxes of insurance corporations of investigation samples is separately tested with comparing data averages then, the result that is obtained have confirmed the hypothesis of this research. This project has been located in insurance companies 1386 to 1388. The summation information has been research library in which financial statement, deeds and papers have been used. Key Words: Technical Reserve of Non-Life Insurance, 28 Accounting Standard, 58 Insurance by-Low, Net Profit, Catastrophe Reserve. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
320 - A delay audit and timeliness of financial reporting
علی Bayat سعید AliahmadiAudit Delay and the Timeliness of Corporate Reporting Ali Bayat Saeid Ali Ahmadi (Received: 15/Apr/2014; Accepted: 17/Jun/2014) Abstarct The time that information provided, determined the usefulness of information and timely disclosure of information, protect investor a MoreAudit Delay and the Timeliness of Corporate Reporting Ali Bayat Saeid Ali Ahmadi (Received: 15/Apr/2014; Accepted: 17/Jun/2014) Abstarct The time that information provided, determined the usefulness of information and timely disclosure of information, protect investor about poor news. That may be change firm future prospects completely. In this research we studied the determinant of the timeliness of financial reporting in Tehran stock exchange.We applied Quasi-Empirical approach and descriptive-correlation methods to test there search hypotheses. Also we used multivariate regression models about this. The results of this study show that in this period we have a negative relationship among between firm’s size, audit opinion, management change, and percentage of institutional ownership with Audit delay. Also, we have been finding out positive relationship between internal auditor existence, number of shareholders, and non ordinary items with Audit delay. Indeed this research provided evidence about corporate governance power for explaining Audit delay and timeliness of reporting too. Key Words: Financial Reporting, Timeliness, Audit Delay, Corporate Governance. . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
321 - The Factors Affecting on the Auditor's Opinion than Going Concern
Mojtaba Safi Pour Afshar Ahmad Sadegh Soltani Nejad Ebrahim Soltani NejadAbstract Investors and stock holders decide about their long-term investments based on confidence in financial statements and audit report. Auditing has been a mechanism for controlling agency problem and conflict of interests for a long time. Auditors should inlist in MoreAbstract Investors and stock holders decide about their long-term investments based on confidence in financial statements and audit report. Auditing has been a mechanism for controlling agency problem and conflict of interests for a long time. Auditors should inlist in her report evidence of customer’s inability to continue its operations. This research aims to investigate the factors affecting going concern audit opinion, such as: audit tenure, audit lag, auditor opinion shopping, liquidity ratio and leverage ratio.This a applied research and its type is a correlation investigation, multi variate and logistic regression have been used for hypothesis testing. Research sample consists of 160 firms listed on Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE).Findings from testing the hypotheses showed that the ratio of financial leverage increases the level of skepticism about the continuity of activity. Also, opinion shopping is a factor that has a negative relationship with going concern opinion. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
322 - The impact on the timeliness of performance quality of internal audit Independent audit reports
زهره Hajiha آزاده RafieiThis study examines the role of internal audit function (IAF) in the timeliness of financial audit. Audit delay is the number of days between a firm’s fiscal year-end and the audit report date. This delay reduces the access to information among market participants MoreThis study examines the role of internal audit function (IAF) in the timeliness of financial audit. Audit delay is the number of days between a firm’s fiscal year-end and the audit report date. This delay reduces the access to information among market participants and potentially reduces the information content of accounting reports. Audit delay also serves as a proxy for audit efficiency. Therefore, this research has been lunched using data 57 firms listed on Tehran Stock Exchange that their internal audit reports had been offered to audit committee or Board. In this research we used the survey method by questionnaire for gathering required data. Logit regression and Pearson correlation have been employed. We used objectivity, age of internal audit unit and size of internal audit unit to measure IAF. The research results indicate that there are a negative relationship between objectivity and size of internal audit unit with audit delay; however, there is no significant relationship between age and audit delay. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
323 - Corporate Governance Effect on Audit Report Lag in Iran Insurance Industry
امیر یلفانی ایرج نوروش قدرت اله طالب نیا عزت اله اصغری زادهAbstractCorporate governance is one of the effective factors on the companies’ performance in various industries. One of the factors affected by this parameter is the quality of proposing financial statements or audit report lag. This paper attempts to examine the MoreAbstractCorporate governance is one of the effective factors on the companies’ performance in various industries. One of the factors affected by this parameter is the quality of proposing financial statements or audit report lag. This paper attempts to examine the corporate governance relationship with the audit report lag in the insurance industry. The statistical population of the study was insurance companies active in Iran Insurance Industry and the statistical sample is insurance companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange. For this purpose, the listed insurance companies in the Tehran securities exchange were examined. From the time difference between The end of the financial. year and the date of the annual audit report have been used as a measure Of Audit Report Lag.In order to test the research hypotheses of multivariate regression statistical technique Based on composite data used.The results obtained from model showed that in insurance companies, management influence and the board independence, had significant and positive relationship with audit report lag. The results also indicated that institutional ownership had a negative. Overall, the results show that corporate governance factors had a significant relationship with the audit report lag. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
324 - ویژگیهای کمیته حسابرسی و تأخیر در گزارش حسابرسی
محمود لاری دشت بیاض مصطفی قناد حسین فکور -
Open Access Article
325 - Reviewing the views and opinions of Jalal al-Din Siyuti about the Priority and Posteriority (Moqaddam wa Mo'akhar) of the verses of the Holy Qur'an, centered on Allamah Tabatabai
Mohammad Hussein Sahini Mohammad Hussein AsadiThe Priority and Posteriority " in the verses of the Holy Qur'an are the Qur'anic topics that are considered by the scholars. Jalal al-Din Siouti in the book al-Atqan fi Oloum-e al-Qurān (workmanship in Qoranic Sciences) has cited the verses which he considers to be Pri MoreThe Priority and Posteriority " in the verses of the Holy Qur'an are the Qur'anic topics that are considered by the scholars. Jalal al-Din Siouti in the book al-Atqan fi Oloum-e al-Qurān (workmanship in Qoranic Sciences) has cited the verses which he considers to be Prior and Posterior, and has given their various meanings. He has divided the "the Priority" of the Qur'an in two parts: a) a part which is difficult to convey in appearance, and lists numerous examples of Qur'anic verses; B) the part that does not seem to be difficult in appearance. For this, he, citing from Ibn al-Saqaq, has mentioned several things, such as: sacredness, greatness, nobleness, occasion, emphasis and encouragement, overtaking, causality and number of people, progress from lower to higher, and descending from higher to lower. This study, by examining " the Priority and Posteriority " based on al-Atqan and addressing the ideas in the interpretation of al-Adr al-Mansour fi Tafsir al-Ma'athur and Tafsir al-Jalalin, investigated Siouti's view on " the Priority and Posteriority ", and by referring to various interpretations, as well as the statements of Allameh Tabatabai, it analyzed " the Priority and Posteriority " of Quranic verses. By examining some of the verses put forth by Siouti, the author of al-Mizan did not consider them to be Prior and Posterior; he did not comment in some cases, and he agree with Siouti's views in some other cases. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
326 - Sociological Study of the Factors Affecting the Participation of Donors in Charitable Medical Centers
hamidreza eshraghi Rahmatollah Amir Ahmadi mohammadreza naeimiThe system and social life in human society depend on the cooperation and participation of its members, and in this regard, the health system also needs to use the potential of the people in the form of the participation of health donors. In this applied and qualitative MoreThe system and social life in human society depend on the cooperation and participation of its members, and in this regard, the health system also needs to use the potential of the people in the form of the participation of health donors. In this applied and qualitative research, with the aim of studying the sociological factors affecting the participation of donors in charitable medical centers, a semi-structured interview was conducted with 15 donors. In the coding process and after converting the audio files of the interviews to text files, semantic units are identified and the initial codes are assigned to them and then manually analyzed using Maxqda software using content analysis method. The research findings, while identifying 296 semantic units, 27 sub-themes and 3 main themes, confirm that dimensions of social capital have been motivating, facilitating and encouraging donors to participate in charitable activities. Among the members of the charity social network, advertising and information, the existence of the tradition of charity in the family and friends of the benefactors, social, emotional, information and instrumental support that facilitate the participation of benefactors and also to enter the charity in places where It was needed, it encouraged. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
327 - Designing non-linear pattern contagious influence of the Tehran Price Index from the physical assets market (Application of NARX artificial neural network model)
mahdi shaban habibollah nakhaei Ghodrat Alloh Talebnia nazanin bashirimaneshThe present study examines the contagiousness of the Tehran Stock Exchange from the price of parallel assets using the dynamic neural network. To perform calculations, the time series of coin price variables as a representative of the gold market, the average price per MoreThe present study examines the contagiousness of the Tehran Stock Exchange from the price of parallel assets using the dynamic neural network. To perform calculations, the time series of coin price variables as a representative of the gold market, the average price per square meter of residential building as a representative of the housing market. The price of each barrel of Iranian crude oil and the US dollar exchange rate and their conditional fluctuations as explanatory variables and the total index of Tehran Stock Exchange and its conditional fluctuation as the target variable from 1387 to 1397 are examined daily .The dynamic neural network is evaluated with four input variables and one target variable with different neurons with the MSE criteria, and the models with 20 neurons and 10 neurons have the lowest MSE, .Research results show that the stock exchange has a maximum of two lag from competing markets has become contagious, indicating the poor performance of the Tehran Stock Exchange. The results show that the proposed neural network patterns have a high power in predicting the index of Tehran Stock Exchange and its fluctuations from 1387 to 1397 as in-sample forecast and in 1398 as extra-sample forecast. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
328 - A model for predicting stock price reaction delays based on grounded theory
kyvan faramarzi jamal bahrisales Saeed Jabbarzadeh Kangarlouie ali ashtabThe aim of current study was to provide a model for predicting stock price reaction delay based on grounded theory. In the present study,semi-structured interviews have been used as data collection tools and snowball or chain sampling methods and purposeful sampling has MoreThe aim of current study was to provide a model for predicting stock price reaction delay based on grounded theory. In the present study,semi-structured interviews have been used as data collection tools and snowball or chain sampling methods and purposeful sampling has been used to select the sample which based on the principle of theoretical adequacy The research data were analyzed using open, axial and selective coding. Results: In this study, based on 42 conducted interviews, a total of 607 interview codes, 101 sub-categories (concepts) and 11 main categories were extracted. Then the qualitative model of the research is designed and based on the analysis of data (interviews) the link between the categories in the form of causal conditions, contextual conditions, intervening conditions, strategies and consequences has been conducted. The results indicated that macro factors and market shareholders are effective in predicting the stock price reaction delay.On the other hand, according to these affecting factors, strategies to improve the stock price reaction delay prediction, including the establishment of corporate information and financial statements, corporate information, market performance criteria, management and corporate control which are aroused in the context of affecting factors and interferers, are presented. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
329 - Evaluation of Residential Project With Option to Delay
Hanzaleh Fendereski Shapour Mohammadi Ali Foroush Bastani Reza RaeiReal estate investment are characterized by low liquidity and irreversible cost. Real Estate industry is one of the most important industry in occupation. Moreover, its production has the biggest weight in family portfolio.These are important characteristics of real est MoreReal estate investment are characterized by low liquidity and irreversible cost. Real Estate industry is one of the most important industry in occupation. Moreover, its production has the biggest weight in family portfolio.These are important characteristics of real estate markets. Real estate industry has cyclical trend. In recession, investor delay their investment. Traditional capital Budgeting models such as Net Present Value are base on fix assumption and condition. They ignore management flexibility. In this paper residential Projects are evaluated with real options (option to delay) by Black-Scholes and Binomial Lattice Model.These model values managerial flexibility. Experimental results show that project Evaluation with real options outperforms the traditional models such as NPV. This paper studies the optimal timing of investment in an irreversible project where the benefits from the project and the investment cost follow continuous- time stochastic processes. According to optimal investment timing proposed by MC Donlad and Siegel, time to start this Project is 9/5 years from now. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
330 - تخمین ذخیره سرمایه ریسک عملیاتی در صنعت بانکداری
هاشم نصرتی کامران پاکیزه -
Open Access Article
331 - Optimal Currency Portfolio of Foregin Exchange Reserves in the Central Bank of I. R. Iran (Post-Modern Portfolio Approach)
Saeed Daei-KarimzadehOne of key aspects of foreign reserves management in central banks is to determine appropriate currency portfolio of foreign exchange reserves. In this study, optimal currency composition of four major reserve currency (including dollar, euro, pound and yen) in currency MoreOne of key aspects of foreign reserves management in central banks is to determine appropriate currency portfolio of foreign exchange reserves. In this study, optimal currency composition of four major reserve currency (including dollar, euro, pound and yen) in currency portfolio of the central bank of Iran analyzed. For this purpose, post modern portfolio approach and quarterly data during 2011 to 2014 used and efficient frontier of the central bank extracted as well. The results indicate that maximum share of dollar, euro and yen in the strategic currency reserves portfolio of the central bank is respectively 35, 29 and 48 percent. Accordingly, if share of the currencies in the currency portfolio was more than these figures, the value of reserves is reduced. Furthermore, pound is a risky currency, so the central bank to hold the currency, mainly should act based on his transaction needs. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
332 - The Effect of the Performance of the Optical Shelf (External) in Creating a Comfortable Environment in Architectural Studios in Latitude 35
zohreh salahsoor Mahnaz Mahmoody ZarandiArchitecture students are in the studios for many hours during the day. Therefore, the use of natural light is important. If these lights exceed a certain limit, they cause disturbance, which is called glare, and one of the ways to solve it is to use a light shelf or a MoreArchitecture students are in the studios for many hours during the day. Therefore, the use of natural light is important. If these lights exceed a certain limit, they cause disturbance, which is called glare, and one of the ways to solve it is to use a light shelf or a light window. These shelves are implemented in different forms. The purpose of this article is to investigate the effect of the angle on the (external) shelves in the climate of Tehran. The research method of the article is practical and since the response to glare is done into two categories: dynamic and static. Used. In the simulation environment, a cube with dimensions of 8 x 6 is simulated with 30% windows in the south view, and the work surface is proportional to the height of the tables of 1 meter; The sky is considered to be at the solar surface. In this simulation, UDI, ASE, UDA, and DF have been implemented in four modes (without optical shelf; optical shelf with 180 degrees and 30 < X < 60 degrees (external, internal)). After the simulation, contrary to what we expected; It has been observed that the optical shelf performs better than the 180 degree optical shelf in two angled modes. The DF performs better when angled inward, and the UDI when angled outward receives close to 100 lux of natural light in bright mode. The SDA parameter is suitable in two angular modes. ASE, the annual light level in the maximum mode receives more than 60% of natural light, which is desirable. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
333 - The Effect of Managers 'Behavioral Bias on Auditors' Strategies in the Face of Audit Risk
نازنین بشیری منش احسان مداح فهیمه آگاهیAbstract In the face of audit risk and reducing litigation, auditors use a variety of strategies, such as increasing the level of auditing tests, increasing clauses, and changing clients. Given that managers are responsible for preparing the company's financial stateme MoreAbstract In the face of audit risk and reducing litigation, auditors use a variety of strategies, such as increasing the level of auditing tests, increasing clauses, and changing clients. Given that managers are responsible for preparing the company's financial statements, the behavioral characteristics of managers affect decision-making and information presentation approaches. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of managers 'bias on auditors' strategies in the face of audit risk. In this regard, a sample including 129 observations (year-company), the effect of managers' behavioral bias on remuneration, delay in submitting a report, commenting on the distortion clause and changing the auditor were investigated. Findings showed that managers 'focus on short-term goals, reputation and high percentage of managers' ownership leads to more effort and accuracy in the audit process and increase audit fees. The results also showed that managers' uncertainty and fortification have a negative and significant relationship with the delay of the audit report. This means that more confident managers are trying to pay less for auditing so that they can invest more in assets by reducing costs. According to the research findings, short-sightedness and narcissism of managers have a positive and significant relationship with condition clauses of audit importance. Managers who seek to gain benefits and career advancement or self-esteem and reputation gain by manipulating information increase the likelihood of receiving important condition clauses from the independent auditor. The findings also showed that the behavioral characteristics of managers have no effect on the change of auditor. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
334 - Managerial Efficiency, Adjustment Delay Stock Price and Stock Price Informational Efficiency
mahdi filsaraeiAbstractIn fact, the timeliness of price discovery refers to the speed of information reflected in prices. There is no reason for the same reflection speed of all information related to the company in the stock price. Also, there is no reason for the same speed of disco MoreAbstractIn fact, the timeliness of price discovery refers to the speed of information reflected in prices. There is no reason for the same reflection speed of all information related to the company in the stock price. Also, there is no reason for the same speed of discovering the stock price of all active companies in the market. The adjustment of the stock price is done so quickly that it is not possible to predict and earn additional profit through the available information. On the other hand, managers with higher ability are able to predict changes in economic conditions that can affect the company's activities. Also, in order to increase investors' confidence in the company, they provide them with more reliable information, so that information asymmetry is reduced. By reducing the information asymmetry, the stock price informational efficiency increases and the delay in the adjustment of the stock price decreases. Considering the importance of managers' efficiency, in this research, the effect of managers' efficiency on the stock prices information efficiency and the delay in stock price adjustments has been investigated. Using a sample of 113 companies accepted in the Tehran Stock Exchange and using multivariate regression to test the hypotheses, the results of the research show that increasing the managers' efficiency reduces the delay in stock price adjustment. In addition, the results showed a significant positive effect of managers' efficiency on the information efficiency of stock prices. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
335 - The effect of sowing date on peanut seed vigor and yield
zahra rastegar Farshid Ghaderi-Far Hamidreza Sadeghipour Ebrahim ZeinaliDetermination of proper time for planting and harvesting has special importance. For determination of proper time of maturity with high vigor and yield, an experiment was conducted in two crop years in complete block design in research station of Gorgan University of Ag MoreDetermination of proper time for planting and harvesting has special importance. For determination of proper time of maturity with high vigor and yield, an experiment was conducted in two crop years in complete block design in research station of Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources (GUASNR). In first and second year the study was performed in five and two planting dates respectively. The Sampling repeats weekly when seed developed in pods and were transferred immediately to the laboratory. Seed germination and moisture content was determined and electrical conductivity test was measured after drying the seeds. Results showed that seed moisture content in final stage, germination percentage, electrical conductivity, seeds filling rate, seed filling period and seedling vigor were significantly affected by planting date. Seeds which planted early had lower moisture content in harvest time and higher germination percentage than seeds which planted late. Different sowing date significantly affected seed yield in the first year, while in the second year delay sowing had no significant effect on total seed yield. Reduce seed filling period in late planting date of first year and facing this period with the end of season rainfall led to significant decrease in seed vigor and quality. results suggested between weather parameters, temperature and rainfall during seed filling period had significant effects on peanut seed vigor and yield. So adjusting planting date according to location weather condition could results high quality and vigor seeds in harvest time. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
336 - The effect of soil texture and irrigation method on improving yield and yield components of two Sweet potato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.] cultivars
Mansoureh Shamili hamed Hassanzadeh KhankahdaniIn order to determine optimum culture condition to produce high quality storage roots in sweet potato, an experiment was conducted as split-split plot in randomized complete block design with three replications. Main plots were allocated to soil texture (loamy and sandy MoreIn order to determine optimum culture condition to produce high quality storage roots in sweet potato, an experiment was conducted as split-split plot in randomized complete block design with three replications. Main plots were allocated to soil texture (loamy and sandy), sub plots to irrigation method (furrow and drip) and sub-sub plots to sweet potato cultivars (White and Red). Cutting establishment percent, bush vegetative growth, qualitative and quantitative characteristics of storage root as well as crop per drip (CPD) were measured. Results showed that soil texture affects foliage fresh weight, shoot/root ratio, storage root number, weight and diameter, stem and leaf number, bush length, reducing and total sugar as well as CPD. Irrigation method influenced all the traits except root number. The greatest CPD was observed in loamy soil using drip irrigation respectively 5.492 and 4.569 kg/m3 for White and Red cultivar. According to path analysis results, storage root yield directly influenced by foliage fresh weight (0.726**), leaf number (0.722**), stem number (0.710**), storage root weight (0.668**), storage root diameter (0.449**), foliage length (0.352**) and storage root length (0.314**). Based on the obtained results, cultivation of Red cultivar on loamy soil using furrow irrigation at cutting establishment stage, drip irrigation during growth period and final furrow irrigation at storage root filling is more successful as a tool to produce high quality sweet potato storage root in Minab. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
337 - Study the effect of drought stress on oil percent, protein percent and fatty acids composition of soybean grain
Maryam Divsalar زین العابدین طهماسبی سروستانی سید علی محمد مدرس ثانوی آیدین حمیدیIn order to assess the effect of drought stress on seed chemical compositions and determine a stage In order to assess the effect of drought stress on seed chemical compositions and determine a stage that drought stress has the most effect on seed compositions, an exper MoreIn order to assess the effect of drought stress on seed chemical compositions and determine a stage In order to assess the effect of drought stress on seed chemical compositions and determine a stage that drought stress has the most effect on seed compositions, an experiment was conducted as a split factorial based on complete randomized block design in three replications in agriculture faculty of Tarbiat Modares University in 2014. Four treatments of drought stress were exerted as withholding irrigation at flowering stage, pod formation, seed filling stage, and control (without stress). The other treatments were two soybean cultivars (Williams and L17) and the seeds resulted from three planting dates in Moghan in a last year (10 May, 10 June and 10 July). The measured traits included fatty acids percent, oil and protein percent of soybean grain. The results indicated that effect of drought stress was significant on oil and protein percent and also fatty acids except palmitic acid. The lowest percent of oil (19.29% ) and the highest percent of protein (37.36 %) were obtained by drought stress at seed filling stage. The highest percent of oleic acid (25.75%) and the lowest linolenic acid (5.98%) was observed in Williams at drought stress at seed filling stage. Regarding that the main purpose of soybean planting in Iran is oil production and drought stress at seed filling stage has negative effect on oil content, so irrigation in this stage of reproductive growth is necessary to achieve desirable oil yield. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
338 - Effect of sowing date and plant density on yield and morphophenological traits of lentil (Lens culinaris Medikus) in Zabol
m. Delarami Seyyed Gholamreza MoosaviSowing date and plant density are among the most important factors effect on crop yield. In order to determine the effects of sowing date and plant density on yield and morphophenological traits of lentil cv. Sistan, a factorial design experiment was carried out in 2009 MoreSowing date and plant density are among the most important factors effect on crop yield. In order to determine the effects of sowing date and plant density on yield and morphophenological traits of lentil cv. Sistan, a factorial design experiment was carried out in 2009 at Zabol, Iran. The experiment was arranged on a randomized complete blocks design with three replications. The treatments included four sowing date (November 21, December 5, December 19 and January 2) and three density (18, 24, 36 and 71 plants .m-2). The results showed that delay in sowing delayed emergence, flowering and decreased length of growth period. Delayed sowing from November 21 to January 2 decreased main branch number per plant, first pod height from ground, plant height and seed yield by 9.9, 31.3, 21.3 and 14.8%, respectively. Also, means comparison showed that with increasing the plant density from 18 to 72 plants .m-2, branch number per plant decreased by 5.5 %, while first pod height from ground, plant height and seed yield increased by 43.2, 83.9 and 104.4%, respectively. Overall, it is recommended to use sowing date of November 21 with plant density of 72 plants .m-2 in order to obtain the highest seed yield of lentil in Zabol, Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
339 - Effect of salicylic Acid on some of Physiological Characteristics and Related Traits with Grain and Yield of Corn (SC. 704) in Different Irrigation Condition
Mehrdad Yarnia Parastoo Ag MasjediThis study was conducted to evaluate the effect of irrigation treatments at different growth stages and foliar spray of salicylic acid on growth and yield of corn (CV SC704). The field experiment was carried out as split split plots arranged in randomized complete block MoreThis study was conducted to evaluate the effect of irrigation treatments at different growth stages and foliar spray of salicylic acid on growth and yield of corn (CV SC704). The field experiment was carried out as split split plots arranged in randomized complete blocks design with three replications in 2014. Water stress at all growth stages significantly reduced seed yield. Irrigating after 110 mm at kernel filling stage had no effect on grain yield, but further water stress reduced 25.6 % of seed yield. Similar decrease was obtained with water stress at tassel emergence stage. Grain yield reduced up to 23.3 and 29.7% with irrigation after 110 and 150 mm at tassel emergence stage, respectively. The highest decline of grain yield was achieved with water stress at vegetative stage and irrigation after 150 mm which decreased grain yield up to 53.9%. Foliar spray of salicylic acid increased 17.7% in grain yield. Among the yield components, 100-grain weight was not affected by water stress, but grains per ear showed significant reduction by water stress. In this study, leaf area and chlorophyll contents were important reducer factors in corn yield and yield components under water stress but salicylic acid consumption with a positive impact on these traits reduced drought stress losses. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
340 - Evaluation of Drought Tolerance Indices of Promising Canola Lines (Brassica napus L.) at Changes in Planting Date
Maryam Teymoori Mohammad Reza Ardakani Amir Hossein Shiranirad Mojtaba Alavifazel Parisa NejatkhahIn order to evaluate drought tolerance indices in promising canola lines affected by planting date, a split plot experiment with randomized complete block design with three replications at research field of Seed and Plant Improvement Research Institute of Karaj, Iran wa MoreIn order to evaluate drought tolerance indices in promising canola lines affected by planting date, a split plot experiment with randomized complete block design with three replications at research field of Seed and Plant Improvement Research Institute of Karaj, Iran was conducted in 2015-16 and 2016-17. In this study, sowing dates were October 20 (normal) and November 10 (delayed planting) in the main plots, and promising canola lines including L1112, L1091, L1093, L1206 and Okapi were included in the sub-plots. To evaluate different physiological indices of drought tolerance, two separate environments were considered including normal irrigation (control) and irrigation interruption from the pod formation stage to the next (late season drought stress). The results of combined analysis showed that late season drought stress and delayed planting date reduced the yield in all studied lines. Geometric Mean Productivity, Stress Tolerance Index, and Mean Productivity have been selected as superior indices in order to recognizing tolerance line in this study. According to the results of this experiment, line L1206 was introduced as the top line in this study, which is likely to be cultivated in rotation with autumn wheat and, on the other hand, withstand water deficit stress at the end of the growing season. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
341 - Effects of climate change on growth stages of broad leaf vetch (Vicia narbonensis L.) and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) (Case study: Khorramabad)
Khosro Azizi Ali Reza Daraeimofrad Behrouz Nasiri Mohammad FeizianThe experiment, is based on the standard scenarios, loaders case IPCC (B1, A2, A1B) by general circulation model (HadCM3) with the use of fine scale model (LARS-WG) with the aim to evaluate the effect of climate change on the phonological stages answer C3 plants, in res MoreThe experiment, is based on the standard scenarios, loaders case IPCC (B1, A2, A1B) by general circulation model (HadCM3) with the use of fine scale model (LARS-WG) with the aim to evaluate the effect of climate change on the phonological stages answer C3 plants, in research farm of agricultural college of Lorestan University in cropping years 2014-15 and 2015-16 With, in two consecutive years and rain fed conditions was conducted in one place. Complementary components of intercropping of broad leaf vetch and barley in 5 levels, weeds and compost as well as four levels, respectively. in 4×5 factorial experiment with in a randomized complete block design was used for the target year 2055 AD (1445 Shamsi) in dry land conditions. Climatic factors as temperature, precipitation and daily radiation in period of study with simulation used LARS-WG modeling. Thus, min and max temperature oscillation in the future desirable for growth of C3 plants (broad leaf vetch and barley). Also, average precipitation is slightly more and will reduce the length of the period of growth and failure to deal with the above optimal temperatures and drought stress and escape from the end of the season due to being the period in accordance with growing season, reduce the risk of environmental hazards in the upcoming years due to performance and stability have been achieved fitted. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
342 - Effect of sowing date on yield and some agronomic and physiological characteristic of three grain sorghum cultivars
Seyed Ali Tabatabaei Ehsan Shakeri Yahya EmamTo evaluate the effects of different planting dates on some agronomic, physiological characteristics and yield of grain sorghum, an experiment was designed and carried out in Agricultural and Natural Resources and Education Center, Yazd province, Iran, in a split plot e MoreTo evaluate the effects of different planting dates on some agronomic, physiological characteristics and yield of grain sorghum, an experiment was designed and carried out in Agricultural and Natural Resources and Education Center, Yazd province, Iran, in a split plot experiment based on Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with 4 replications in 2012 & 2013 growing seasons. Five different sowing date (19 Apr, 5 May, 20 May, 5 Jun and 20 Jun) and three genotypes (Payam, Sepideh and Kimia) were allocated in main plots and subplots, respectively. Results showed that the highest amount of all measured traits were obtained from Sepideh genotype in first and second sowing dates. The highest grain yield (8424 kg/ha) was harvested from Sepideh genotype at sowing date of 19 Apr. Based on the results of the present investigation, it appeared that in similar agro-climatic conditions, earlier sowing in spring may result to a better harvest. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
343 - Simulation the effects of water deficit irrigation on wheat and corn yield using the Budget model (study on Bilasuvar plain)
elnaz aliabadi Fariborz Ahmadzadeh KaleybarCorrect and convenient management of water resources by preserving the sources in regional and national scales is an inevitable need. Models are the best methods to select most efficient irrigation method lead to high yield response. In this simulation effects of water MoreCorrect and convenient management of water resources by preserving the sources in regional and national scales is an inevitable need. Models are the best methods to select most efficient irrigation method lead to high yield response. In this simulation effects of water deficit irrigation in Bilasuvar plain on the north-east of Ardabil province has been simulated on wheat and corn crops using Budget soil and water balance model. By choosing the product, minimum and seasonal methods with different time steps and also setting the relative evapotranspiration or relative evaporation model has been calibrated for the observation year (2004-2014) and amount of yield was estimated. Result of the statistical analysis shows that choosing the product method with 10 day time periods provides the best simulation using relative evapotranspiration with amounts in an R^2 of 0.98, an RMSE of 78% and an EF of 0.83 that between observed and simulated data of wheat and amount in an R^2 of 0.87, an RMSE of 7.4% and an EF of 0.83 of corn. Later water consumption graphs, performance for each statistic period (2004-2014) under different irrigation strategies have been drawn for both crops. Results demonstrates significant impact of rainfall amount, water preservation capacity, water consumption management and water tension in both crops during the middle stage of its growth compared to the stages of growth including first and final stage. This important fact must be considered for planning the water deficit irrigation schedule. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
344 - Estimation of the water requirement of several species of shrubs in the green space of Shiraz using the landscape plant factor
Majid Abasizadeh mohammad shokrollahzadehToday, the importance of water in maintaining life, especially in arid and semi-arid areas, is not hidden from anyone,.. There are various techniques to determine evaporation and transpiration, which include the use of empirical formulas, lysimeters, remote sensing and MoreToday, the importance of water in maintaining life, especially in arid and semi-arid areas, is not hidden from anyone,.. There are various techniques to determine evaporation and transpiration, which include the use of empirical formulas, lysimeters, remote sensing and satellite methods. It is micro-climatic technologies and methods of using plant transpiration coefficient. This research started in April 2014 and was completed by the middle of September 2014. Studies were conducted on three species of bay leaf (Laurus nobilis L.), rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) and oleander (Nerium oleander L.) located in the parks and boulevards of all 9 districts of Shiraz municipality. To calculate the rate of evaporation and transpiration of the target plant, first the rate of evaporation and transpiration of the reference plant was calculated using the data of the Shiraz synoptic station and the standard Penman-Mantis-FAO method, and then the coefficient (KL) was calculated based on the California method. This coefficient is the key factor in estimating the water requirement of green space. The highest rate of reference evaporation and transpiration is related to the months of August and July, respectively, and the lowest is related to the months of Bahman and January. . The highest water requirement is between June and October. In order to solve a large part of the lack of water resources mentioned, methods such as recycling and reuse of returned water, using non-conventional water sources (sewage, sewage, gray water, etc.) and surface water and runoff are suggested as solutions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
345 - Effect of partial rootzone drying (PRD) and application potassium and zinc fertilizer on water use efficiency on corn
H.R. Ebrahimi H. Heydari Sharifabad Sh. Lak A. Naderi A. ModhejInnovations for saving water in irrigated agriculture and thereby improving water use efficiency are of paramount importance in water-scarce regions. Therefore, to see how restricted irrigation systems and different potassium and zinc fertilizer affect water use efficie MoreInnovations for saving water in irrigated agriculture and thereby improving water use efficiency are of paramount importance in water-scarce regions. Therefore, to see how restricted irrigation systems and different potassium and zinc fertilizer affect water use efficiency and yield of corn, an experiment was conducted in an arid area in Marvdasht, Iran in 2012. A split-Factorial experimental design was used based on a complete randomized block design with three replications. The main plots consisted of two irrigation methods: FI (full irrigation) and partial rootzoon drying (PRD). Each subplot received three rates of K fertilizer application: 0, 2.5 or 5 kg ha-1 and three rates of Zn fertilizer application: 0, 2.5 or 5 kg ha-1 .The results showed that the plots receiving the full irrigation resulted in significantly higher grain yields, 1000-kernel weight and grain number per cob than PRD treatment. However, the highest WUE and IWUE were obtained in PRD, 5 kg K ha-1 and 5 kg ZN ha-1 and the lowest one was found in the FI treatment .In general, PRD irrigation method at high level of potassium and zinc fertilizer improved WUE and decreased WU in corn to 40% in an arid region. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
346 - Investigating the Effects of Knowledge Management Processes on Human Resource Management with Emphasis on the Mediating Role of Knowledge Utilization (Case study: Razi Customs of West Azerbaijan Province)
havaej Moghbeli, sirous Fakhimi AzarThe purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of knowledge management processes on human resource management with emphasis on the mediating role of knowledge utilization. The statistical sample of this research includes all managers and employees of Razi Custo MoreThe purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of knowledge management processes on human resource management with emphasis on the mediating role of knowledge utilization. The statistical sample of this research includes all managers and employees of Razi Customs of West Azerbaijan Province in the number of 110 people. The present research is descriptive-correlational in terms of data collection method and is applied in terms of purpose. Library-field method has been used to collect relevant information in the form of a questionnaire. The presented model and the information obtained from the questionnaires were analyzed through SMART PLS software. Finally, the results show that knowledge production has a positive and significant effect on knowledge sharing and knowledge utilization and also the effect of knowledge storage on knowledge utilization is significant. Knowledge sharing also has a significant effect on knowledge utilization. Therefore, according to the results of this study, knowledge sharing and knowledge utilization leads to improved human resource performance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
347 - Study on response of Rapeseed varieties to late planting at Karaj environment
O. R. Sali H. Madani A. H. Shirani Rad In order to study the effects of late planting on vegetative traits, yield and yield components of rapeseed varieties, an experiment was conducted at research field of Seed and Plant Improvement Institute (SPII) in Karaj. The experiment laied ou More In order to study the effects of late planting on vegetative traits, yield and yield components of rapeseed varieties, an experiment was conducted at research field of Seed and Plant Improvement Institute (SPII) in Karaj. The experiment laied out in split plot factorial arranged in a RCBD with 4 replications. Two planting dates (Sep. 28th and Oct. 22 Th) were selected as main plots and 13 varieties (Elite, Olpro, Sinatra, Sahara, Modena, Geronimo, ARG-91004, Dexter, SLMO46, Okapi, Frederic, ORW20-3002, and RG4504) as subplots in a factorial arrangement were evaluated. Traits were considered as plant height, stem diameter, number of pods per plant, number of seed per pod, thousand grains weight and the grain yield. Results showed that delay in planting date, the height of the plant, stem diameter and number of seed per pod were reduced, but it was not significant, and regarding the number of pods in the plant, the delay increased the afore–mentioned characters. Among rapeseed varieties, the Olpro variety has the highest height plant by 126 cm. But, regarding stem diameter no significant decrease was observed. The greater number of pods per plant was observed in Sinatra variety with an average of 78.47 and also the greater number of seed per pod belonged to SLM046. The highest thousands grain weight was observed in RG4504 variety and about the grain yield, the lightest yield belonged to the first planting time and in Elite variety with a rate of 5271 kg/ha. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
348 - Effect of distances between row, density and cultivation pattern on 704 single crass forage corns with summery dilatory cultivation after harvest rice
M. Ramezani H. Mobaseer M. Mohseni R. Rezaei SokhtabbandaniThis research was done in order to consider the effects of distances between row, density and cultivation pattern of 704 single crass forage corn (K. Sc 704) which was accomplished with summery dilatory cultivation after harvesting of rice. It was done at Gharakhil rese MoreThis research was done in order to consider the effects of distances between row, density and cultivation pattern of 704 single crass forage corn (K. Sc 704) which was accomplished with summery dilatory cultivation after harvesting of rice. It was done at Gharakhil research center of Ghaemshahr in 2008.The experiment design was selected as factorial based or RCBD with four replications. Treatments were selected as distances between rows (65, 75, 88 cm), two cultivation pattern (single linear row and two zigzag row) and two cultivation density level 70000 and 80000 bush in hectare. Results showed that distances between rows influenced only on wet forage yield, as wet forage yield in 65 cm distance between rows with 25.38% rate was gained more than 85 cm distance between rows. The yield of wet forage in two zigzag row cultivation patterns was %7 rates more than single row cultivation. Corn diameter and single bush dry weight in 70000 bush density in hectare was more than 80000 bushes in hectare. Stem diameter and wet forage yield in two rows cultivation were more than single linear row cultivation. Maximal of stem wet weight rate to all in 70000 bush density in hectare were gained in two zigzag row cultivation. The largest corn length was gained in 65 cm distance between row and two zigzag row cultivation. Maximal of wet forage yield was gained in 65 cm distance between rows with 80000 bush density in hectare. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
349 - Effect of Physical Treatments on Stand Establishment, Phenology and Yield of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum var. Alvand)) under different sowing dates
Bahram Mirshekari Reza Siyami To investigate the effect of physical treatments on stand establishment, phenology and yield of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum var. Alvand)) under different sowing dates an experiment was conducted in Tabriz, Iran. The wheat seeds were tr More To investigate the effect of physical treatments on stand establishment, phenology and yield of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum var. Alvand)) under different sowing dates an experiment was conducted in Tabriz, Iran. The wheat seeds were treated by ultrasonic, laser, magnetic field, gamma and beta irradiations for 3.5 and 5 min. and were sown on dates of 27th September and 17th October. All the seed priming treatments improved the coefficient of uniformity of emergence compared with non-primed seeds. Seedling vigor index responded positively and significantly to seed priming agents. There was no significant difference among laser, gamma and beta irradiations with a view to time from sowing to harvesting. Wheat seeds primed by magnetic fields, ultrasonic waves and lower exposure time of gamma irradiation had high chlorophyll in leaves. There is no significant difference between seed yields from sowing dates of 27th September and 17th October, and the yield ranged from 334 g.m-2 in average of control; laser and beta irradiations and higher exposure time of gamma up to 480.1 g.m-2 in other treatments. It is concluded from the study that wheat seed priming by magnetic fields, ultrasonic waves and lower exposure time of gamma irradiation can be effectively used to improve the crop performance and yield especially in late sown plants. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
350 - Effect of foliar applications of silicon and plant density on agronomic traits in corn hybrids Delayed planting of the summer
J. Mahmudi H. Mobaser S. A. A. Musavi MirkalaeiTo investigate the effect of spray silicon and plant density on agronomic traits of two corn hybrids in late summer planted (27 August) Research Station Branch, Islamic Azad University, conducted an experiment in 2010 as a split-split plots in randomized complete block MoreTo investigate the effect of spray silicon and plant density on agronomic traits of two corn hybrids in late summer planted (27 August) Research Station Branch, Islamic Azad University, conducted an experiment in 2010 as a split-split plots in randomized complete block design with three replications was conducted. Two levels of silicon (sprayed and non-consumer) as the main factor and two maize hybrids (SC704 and SC640) as sub-factor and four planting densities (80,706,090 thousand plants per hectare) as minor factors were investigated. The effect of silicon was sprayed only on the number of seeds in rows in the 5% level of significance. Yield per unit area for hybrids SC640 was (20.3 percent) higher than the hybrid SC704, because the single cross hybrid seed weight greater than SC640 (20.8 percent). Harvest index and grain weight per ear for more than SC640 hybrids, SC704 were hybrids. Number of grains per row and ear to the ground and the number of days from sowing to maturity for the hybrid of SC704 more than hybrids SC640 was calculated. Number of grains per row, ear length, grain yield and planting density increased to 90 thousand plants per hectare Single plant decreasing trend of yield per unit area, but 9.2 percent was higher. Maximum yield per unit area of interaction between silicon and planting density for density and 80 thousand plants per hectare was obtained with foliar applications of silicon. In general, corn planted in late summer for the West region of Mazandaran, single cross hybrid 640 with a density of 90 thousand plants per hectare is recommended. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
351 - Effect of drought stress and potassium sulfate on yield and yield components of sunflower
M. Yarnia P. Safaie M. B. Khorshidi-benam E. Farajzadeh In ordsr to study yield and some physiologic characteristics of sunflower (cv. Euroflor) in reaction to water and potassium applying, a RCBD base split plot experiment was conducted in 2009 at Islamic Azad University- Tabriz branch research farm. Wate More In ordsr to study yield and some physiologic characteristics of sunflower (cv. Euroflor) in reaction to water and potassium applying, a RCBD base split plot experiment was conducted in 2009 at Islamic Azad University- Tabriz branch research farm. Water deficite stress at four levels (50, 90, 130 and 170 mm evaporate from class A pan) arranged in main plots and five K2SO4 levels (0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 kg/ha) in sub plots. The results of variance analyzing of date showed that interaction of stress and K was highly significant on height of stem, leaf dry weight, number of grain in anthodium¸ weight of grain in anthodium, biomass, yield¸ harvest index and 100 kernel weight, effective filling period was significant. Result showed that the interaction effects of treatments had significant different in these traits. Rate of a traits under study increased when 200 kg/ha of potassium sulphate was used and field irrigated after 50 mm evaporation from pan. Application of potassium decrease drought stress damage. Irrigating after 50 to 90¸ 130 and 170 mm evaporation from pan decreased yield by 10.36¸ 24.43 and 59.46 percent. But yield reduction by application 200 kg/ha potassium sulfate fertilizer was only 32.48 percent. This indicates that by applying potassium fertilize yield reduction will be decreased under drought stress. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
352 - The Relationship between Audit Quality and Stock Price Delay with Moderating Role of Information Asymmetry
Zabiholah Khani Hossein RajabdorriThe purp ose of this study wa s to investing ate the re lationship bet ween audit q uality and stoc k pric e de lay with modern ating to le of info rmation asymmetry in T S E. This rese arch was studies d in tw o hypotheses. The findings of the study showed that there I MoreThe purp ose of this study wa s to investing ate the re lationship bet ween audit q uality and stoc k pric e de lay with modern ating to le of info rmation asymmetry in T S E. This rese arch was studies d in tw o hypotheses. The findings of the study showed that there I s a negative and sign ficant relations hip betwe en audit quali ties and stock price delay using the least-squares method. Also, the relation ship between audit quality and stock price delay with the mode rate role of the in formation sym metry variable is negatively corrected and reduced. Findings of the res ear ch indicate that due to the important nce of st ock price delay in mar k et effic iency, it is nec essary to p ay attention on to the is is ue a nd its effective va riables. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
353 - Investigation of the effects of planting delay on yield and grain yield components of wheat cultivars
elham sarlak mojtaba alavi fazelIn order to investigation of the effects of planting delay on yield and grain yield components of wheat cultivars, this research was done as split plot in randomized complete blocks design with three replications. the main factor with planting dates, including: November MoreIn order to investigation of the effects of planting delay on yield and grain yield components of wheat cultivars, this research was done as split plot in randomized complete blocks design with three replications. the main factor with planting dates, including: November 7 (control), November 27, December 17 and January 6 and the sub-factor included three types of bread wheat cultivars: Setareh, Mehregan and Chamran2 (control). The results showed that between planting dates in terms of grain yield, biological yield, harvest index, number of spikes per spike, number of seeds per spike, number of spikes per m2, spike length and 1000-seed weight were statistically at the level of 1% and between Cultivars were significant in terms of grain yield, biological yield, harvest index, number of spikes per spike, number of seeds per spike, 1000 seed weight and spike length at 1% probability level and number of spikes per m2 at 5% level. The interaction effect of planting date and cultivar on grain yield, harvest index, number of spikes per spike, number of seeds per spike, number of spikes per m2 at 5% level. The highest seed yield was related to the planting date of November 7 and Chamran2 (control) cultivar with 6444 kg/ha and the lowest was related to the planting date of January 6 and Mehregan cultivar with 1519 kg/ha. As a result, planting of Chamran2 cultivar on November 7 and November 27 is recommended due to the increase in yield components and its effect on increasing grain yield. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
354 - Incidence of delayed union and non union in traumatic fractures of Tibia in Aria hospital and legal medicine organization of khorasan in mordad 1384-1387.
Alireza Eshraty Sara GohariTibia have no muscular cover on whole length at the medial part , so it is hurt able to trauma and leg fractures are common at the motor accident. On of the surgical treatment that use today and the choice treatment of the type A, I, II, III open and close Tibial fract MoreTibia have no muscular cover on whole length at the medial part , so it is hurt able to trauma and leg fractures are common at the motor accident. On of the surgical treatment that use today and the choice treatment of the type A, I, II, III open and close Tibial fractures is intramedullary nailing. Aims: Incidence of delayed union and non union in traumatic fractures of Tibia in Aria hospital and legal medicine organization of khorasan in mordad 1384-1387. Methods: This study is a descriptive, analysis study of 200 cases that were managed by intramedullary nailing, regularly visited in each month and get serial radiographies that are reported with orthopedic professional and diagnosed non union and delayed union. Findings: Incidence of delayed union was 44.5% and non union 11% and mal union was 5.5%. The average of union was 221.29 85.21 days and average time of weight bearing was 24.20 11.21 days and average age was 35.17 15 years with male sex preference. Vein damage was observed in 40% and laceration observed in 30% of patient. Rate of deep infection was 1% and superficial infection was 12%. Rate of multiple fractures was 45%, abdomen trauma 15.5 and head trauma was 8%. 5.5% of patient had brace casting after surgery and 40.5% was on foot. Results: In this study characterized that incidence of delayed union and non union was more than previous studies. Also in patient with laceration, the rate of non union was 2.81 times more than others (p= 0.024). When the weight bearing was postponed, the rate of delay union and non union was increased. There wasn’t significant statistical difference between age, sex, level of education, job, trauma (p=0.118), vein damage (p=1), type of fracture with delayed union and non union. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
355 - A Survey of the Effects of Stocking Density on Growth Factors of (Salmo trutta caspius)
elham gholiyan masoumeh bahr kazemi azin mohagheghi aliasghar saeediThis study was done to determine the effects of stocking density on growth factors of salmo trutta caspius. For this purpose , fingerlings with initial weight 7.25 + 0.4 g were distributed in 3 treatments with density of 50, 75 and 100 fish per each m3 and cultured for MoreThis study was done to determine the effects of stocking density on growth factors of salmo trutta caspius. For this purpose , fingerlings with initial weight 7.25 + 0.4 g were distributed in 3 treatments with density of 50, 75 and 100 fish per each m3 and cultured for 60 days. The growth factors (BWI, LI, SGR, CF, and FCR) and survival rate were measured. The results showed that with density increase some of the growth factors which contain BWI, LI and SGR were decreased but some others (CF, FCR) were increased ( p<0.05). Also the density of stocking had no effect on survival rates of treatments (p>0.05). In Conclusion, by study on growth factors and survival rate, the best results were observed in lower density (50 fish per each m3). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
356 - Effect of stocking density on growth parameters, immune factors and stress rate of Caspian brown trout (Salmo trutta caspius)
Elham Gholiyan Masoumeh Bahr Kazemi Azin Mohaqeq Samari Ali Asghar SaeediThis study considered the effect of stocking density on ‚immune factors and stress rate in brown trout (Salmo trutta caspius). Scrods have been saved on 3 accumulations 50‚75 and 100 in each cub meter with primary weight mean 7/25±0/4 g.the duration o MoreThis study considered the effect of stocking density on ‚immune factors and stress rate in brown trout (Salmo trutta caspius). Scrods have been saved on 3 accumulations 50‚75 and 100 in each cub meter with primary weight mean 7/25±0/4 g.the duration of experience period was 60 days .cortisol hormone rate and immune factors such as immunoglubolin (Igm)‚ complemans (c3‚c4) and total protein and calcium have evaluated.the results indicate that it has an increasing accumulation on safe factors such as immunoglubolin(Igm)‚complemans(c3‚c4)‚total protein‚ blood calcium and the rate of cortisol hormone has not a significant effect (P>0.05). Although the parameters related to stocking density in brown trout (Salmo trutta caspius and have increased dietary change coefficient‚ but this increasing on the range of used stocking density of this study was not stressor for scrod and has not an effect on immune factors of fishes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
357 - تاثیر مکمل دهی کوتاه مدت ویتامین E و کوآنزیم Q10 بر مالون دی آلدئید پلاسمایی در کومیته کاران دختر 17-15 سال
عیدی علیجانی علیرضا رحیمی فاطمه فلاح -
Open Access Article
358 - نسبت حالات نفسانی و عاطفی با احکام اخلاقی(خیراخلاقی) از منظر استاد جوادی آملی
نگار اظهاری جنکانلو زینب السادات میرشمسی منیره سیدمظهری -
Open Access Article
359 - A comparative study of the discourse of peace among human and religious schools (Case Study of Islam and communitarians)
nilofar chinichian Malek Yahya salahiReview : One of the pivotal issues in the political context is the establishment of peace and the way to achieve it. In fact, concepts such as justice, friendship, discourse, balance, tolerance, and peace are about to emerge. Religions always believe that there is a pea MoreReview : One of the pivotal issues in the political context is the establishment of peace and the way to achieve it. In fact, concepts such as justice, friendship, discourse, balance, tolerance, and peace are about to emerge. Religions always believe that there is a peace between the ends of human life and the way to the perfection of human life. On the other hand, we are confronted with the history of the thought of human schools and in the views of great philosophers such as Plato, Aristotle, Locke, Kant, Rolls, etc. With themes such as peace as justice, lasting peace, democratic peace. In the contemporary world, with the growth and spread of violence, extremism, Islamophobia, the indifference of the need for a peace dialogue between contemporary schools and villages is essential. One of the most important contemporary intellectual currents of thought is congregationalism. The theoretical framework of congregationalism, due to having such teachings as politics as virtue, the priority of goodness to the right, respect for the cultural diversity and value of societies, the denial of profitability, introduces new definitions of peace and justice. It seems that the theoretical foundations of congregations are partly based on the theoretical foundations of Islam and can be based on dialogue and understanding. In this paper, descriptive-analytic method is used to investigate and analyze and analyze the research information. It is also based on the Quintana Skinner (text-authoring) hermeneutics. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
360 - Factors Affecting Procrastination of Rural Women’s Decision Making to participate in Micro Credit Funds and Self-financed Groups in Fars province
Zahra Tayyebi Mohammad Bakhshoode -
Open Access Article
361 - The role of the mother in the development of human capital from the perspective of the Holy Quran
Hamidreza FatehiDevelopment, human development, and human capital development are fundamental issues in today's society. The primary purpose of this research is to describe and understand the role of the mother in the development of human capital from the perspective of the Holy Quran, MoreDevelopment, human development, and human capital development are fundamental issues in today's society. The primary purpose of this research is to describe and understand the role of the mother in the development of human capital from the perspective of the Holy Quran, which is based on the qualitative method and discourse analysis. From the point of view of the Holy Quran, the family with a good and pure life is the infrastructure for the formation of human capital, and the mother is the axis of human capital in the family. A daughter is a great boon for becoming a mother in the future which is the basis for the formation of sublime human beings. The mother's physical and mental health, nutrition, peace, and spiritual states, especially during pregnancy, breastfeeding, and childhood, and her ability to raise a child are essential and sensitive in the formation of human capital. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
362 - Structure of Epic Language in Kushnameh-ye Iranshan Ibn Abilkhir
Saman Rahman Zade Fatemeh Modarresi Bahman NozhatThe structure of epic language in Kushnameh written by Iranshan AbilKhayr *Saman Rahman Zadeh PhD Student, Persian Literature, Urmia University, Iran **Fatemeh Modarresi Persian Literature, Urmia University, Iran ***Bahman Nozhat Associate Professor, Persian Liter MoreThe structure of epic language in Kushnameh written by Iranshan AbilKhayr *Saman Rahman Zadeh PhD Student, Persian Literature, Urmia University, Iran **Fatemeh Modarresi Persian Literature, Urmia University, Iran ***Bahman Nozhat Associate Professor, Persian Literature, Urmia University, Iran Date of reception: 96/12/11 Date of acceptance: 98/7/17 Abstract One of the subjects in new criticism is to investigate the structure of language in literary works. The pattern suggested for the study of epic language, studies the characteristic of poetic language used in epic in terms of music, phonetic, diction, syntax, rhetoric, content, and theme to explore how this literary genre manifest itself in language and describes the process of epic composition. For this reason taking Shahnameh as the yardstick for epic language and employing formalistic theories and the pattern provided by schloars Shahbazi and Malek Sabet in this regard this article seeks to study the epic language in Kushnameh. At every level necessary parameters are defined their manifestation in the epic language are shown providing evidence to indicate the characteristics of the epic language followed by the enquiry about how successful Iranshan Abilkhayr had been in using the epic language. Results obtained show that Abilkhayr as one of the imitators of epic language, selecting shahnameh for model had been fairly successful in employing the epic language in many instances and his work is recognized as a complete example of national epic composition after Shahnameh. * . saman207@gmail.com ** . fatemeh.modarresi@yahoo.com *** . b.nozhat@urmia.ac.ir Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
363 - The problem of freewill and determinism in Moulana’s thought
GholamHossein Ebrahimi DeenaniOne of the most complicated philosophical questions is the question of free will and determinism. Knotted which such issues as ,< good and evil>, and so forth the matter gets further complicated.Moulana has addressed this intricate question frequently in dif MoreOne of the most complicated philosophical questions is the question of free will and determinism. Knotted which such issues as ,< good and evil>, and so forth the matter gets further complicated.Moulana has addressed this intricate question frequently in different contexts inMasnavi and Divan Shams and has artistically delvedthe problem with his utmost talent and innovative mind. Although he has not provided a clear answer to the problem however he has appeared better than any poet in this difficult arena. This article, traces Moulana’s perspective in this regard. -language:FA'>این مقاله، نظری و گذری است بر این مسأله، با توجه به نگرش مولانا جلالالدین محمد بلخی. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
364 - The origin of Zarvani idea and philosophy in Shahnameh Ferdowsi
Masoumeh KarimianSince antiquity, man has been in search of his life’s fountainhead and the origin of creation and with reflection on this world has tried to unravel its mystery. After coming of Zoroaster in Iran and appearance of Mazdai rite, Ormazd and Ahriman have been re MoreSince antiquity, man has been in search of his life’s fountainhead and the origin of creation and with reflection on this world has tried to unravel its mystery. After coming of Zoroaster in Iran and appearance of Mazdai rite, Ormazd and Ahriman have been regarded as two poles of creation and creators of good and evil. However, there are evidences and documents demonstrating that before believing in dualism, the idea of monotheism based on the unity of time preoccupied the mind of Iranians. Belief in Zarvan, god of time, had numerous consequences more than anything else, belief in fate (destiny), and predestined lot seized the mind of Persians for centuries. This idea penetrated through the minds of Iranian poets, thinkers and philosophers. Among them, Ferdowsi, the great Iranian epic poet, like others was no exception. It is assumed that determinism in Shahnameh more than anything else has roots in Zarvanism. In this article, first the origins of the idea and philosophy of Zarvanism in Old Persia, before and after Zoroaster is sought, then with citing evidences from Shahnameh, the roots of Zarvani Philosophy is pointed out. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
365 - Image of Iblis in Masnavi Mawlana Jalal al -din Balkhi
Mandana HashemiIblis in Masnavi Mauwlana has two distinct faces. On one hand, its character is recognized as being vicious, and ominious, determined to destroy the God's purpose. At times, it is regarded as being equivalent to Nafs Amareh, leading man to temptation, and only through t MoreIblis in Masnavi Mauwlana has two distinct faces. On one hand, its character is recognized as being vicious, and ominious, determined to destroy the God's purpose. At times, it is regarded as being equivalent to Nafs Amareh, leading man to temptation, and only through the directions of a spiritual guide one can be saved from such temptations. However, in Masnavi the other face of Iblis is rather peculiar, and there are similarities of vision with the works of great mystics such as Ain al Ghozat, and Hallaj. This image of Iblis is revealed in the story of' Muaweyah,and Iblis" where one comes to realize the broadmindedness, and profound vision of a man who implicitly makes invaluable, scholarly points. This story has been revised in this article and Mawlana's viewpoints, and also similar inferences in the history of mystical thought were investigated. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
366 - Explaining the mediating role of the factors affecting the delay in the auditor's report on the relationship between income-cost matching and additional stock price fluctuations
Hamid Khedmatgozar Mojtaba Maleki Chubari Sina KheradyarAccounting information is provided to users in the form of financial reports. Independent auditors provide the basis and necessary conditions for the quality of accounting information and financial reporting on time. Therefore, the delay in providing audit reports can a MoreAccounting information is provided to users in the form of financial reports. Independent auditors provide the basis and necessary conditions for the quality of accounting information and financial reporting on time. Therefore, the delay in providing audit reports can affect the company's performance and even the company's stock price. In this research, the theory related to the matching principle in relation to stock price fluctuations was investigated. The main approach of the mentioned theory is that weak matching acts as a disturbance in the economic relationship between income and cost, and as a result, it increases the volatility in stock prices. The results of this research showed a strong compatibility with the existing theory. This research aims to explain the mediating role of the factors affecting the delay in the auditor's report on the relationship between income-cost matching and additional stock price fluctuations using the combined DEMATEL and ANP methods in the period from 1393 to 1399 in 150 companies admitted to the stock exchange. Bahadar Tehran has been done. In order to identify and rank the factors affecting the delay of the auditor's report, the Delphi-fuzzy method was used, and to determine the intensity of etherability and effectiveness, and finally, the fuzzy Dimetal method and the ANP network analysis method were used. The results of the research showed that the delay in the auditor's report plays a mediating role in the relationship between compliance with the principle of compliance and additional fluctuations in price. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
367 - The Liability of the Guarantor Regarding the Damage of Payment Delay in case of Bankruptcy of the Main Obligor
karim noormohamadi Reza Partovizade BenamOne of the jurisprudential-legal issues that has been of great interest and the discussion about it has become very important today is that anyone who commits to something and does not fulfill his commitment on the due date, if the obligor suffers as a result of this de MoreOne of the jurisprudential-legal issues that has been of great interest and the discussion about it has become very important today is that anyone who commits to something and does not fulfill his commitment on the due date, if the obligor suffers as a result of this delay. The obligor must compensate for the damages caused by the delay. If this obligation is common, the legislator has proposed the term "damage for delay in payment" regarding the bankruptcy of the obligor and the obligations of the guarantor and has made it subject to special conditions. The issue of late payment damages is one of the topics that has been raised in the field of jurisprudence and law, and in terms of discovery, it has brought with it many developments and legal positions from jurisprudence and legal authorities. On the one hand, it is very difficult to ensure economic order in today's world, without taking into account the delay penalty, and on the other hand, the suspicion that the said legal institution is against Sharia and the necessity of matching the legal regulations with the provisions of the Holy Sharia based on the fourth principle of the Islamic Republic Constitution. Iran demands more exploration around the mentioned issue. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
368 - Response of wheat cultivars with different growth types to planting date in Mobarakeh region Isfahan, Iran
Foroud Bazrafshan Najmeh Ziaei Davoud Efiouni Omid Alizadeh Mehdi ZarehTo determine the effect of planting date on yield and yield components of six wheat cultivars with different growth types, a research was conducted in split plot based on randomized complete block design with three replications during two growing seasons of 2016 and 201 MoreTo determine the effect of planting date on yield and yield components of six wheat cultivars with different growth types, a research was conducted in split plot based on randomized complete block design with three replications during two growing seasons of 2016 and 2017 in Mobarakeh region, Iran. Three planting dates of 12 October, 11 November and 11 December were considered as early, usual, and delay planting dates, respectively. Wheat cultivars were Pishgam and Alvand with mid-growth habit, Zare and Heidari with winter habit and Pishtaz and Sirvan with spring growth habit. Early and delay planting cultivars with spring and winter growth habits resulted in yield increasing and decreasing, respectively. The yield of cultivars with intermediate growth type had no significant differences in planting dates of 12 October and 11 November, but the delay in planting caused the loss of yield in these cultivars. Therefore, it is recommended to plant cultivars with spring and winter growth habits and cultivars with intermediate growth type from mid-October to mid-November in the temperate region of Mobarakeh and to avoid delay in planting them. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
369 - Effect of pond dimensions on water requirement of basil in novel integrated system of greenhouse and saltwater evaporation pond
Ahmad Ahmadinik Ali Rahimikhoob Sasan Ali niaeifardNovel integrated system of greenhouse and saltwater evaporation pond is a recently developed idea to provide the possibility of producing freshwater and crop growth in arid and semi-arid areas using saltwater. The system greatly reduces the water requirement of the crop MoreNovel integrated system of greenhouse and saltwater evaporation pond is a recently developed idea to provide the possibility of producing freshwater and crop growth in arid and semi-arid areas using saltwater. The system greatly reduces the water requirement of the crop in cultivating environment controlling atmospheric conditions and increasing relative humidity to saturation point. To evaluate the effect of saltwater evaporation pond dimensions on basil water requirements in greenhouse condition of the proposed system, a pilot project was done using pond dimensions of 1, 2, and 3 meter in southeast of Tehran. The average daily requirements of the basil in pilot projects of numbers 1, 2, and 3 in two cultivation periods were measured as 2.4, 1.9, and 0.8 mm, respectively which were significantly different. Increasing the length of saltwater evaporation pond in the system improved system capability to reduce crop water requirement. Therefore, implementation of larger ponds is recommended in commercial scale of this integrated system. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
370 - Analysis of transcription factors expression patterns; ZFP252, MYB3R-2 and AP37 and root length in rice under drought stress
Maryam Akbarpour Ramezanali Khavari-Nejad Ali Moumeni Farzaneh NajafiRice is one of the most important crops in Asian countries, because of limitation in water resources, the studies on plant tolerance mechanisms to drought stress and the use of tolerant genotypes are going to be more considered. In current research, three Iranian rice c MoreRice is one of the most important crops in Asian countries, because of limitation in water resources, the studies on plant tolerance mechanisms to drought stress and the use of tolerant genotypes are going to be more considered. In current research, three Iranian rice cultivars named Neda, Amol3, and Sang-tarom with different responses to drought stress were used. The rice seedlings were grown in three treatments including control (Fraction of Transpirable Soil Water=1.0), mild drought stress (FTSW=0.5) and severe drought stress (FTSW=0.2) in glasshouse. The root length and the expression levels of three transcription factors, ZFP252, MYB3R-2 and AP37were investigated in vegetative stage of growth by qRT-PCR. Neda showed significant increase (P<0.05) in root length with compared to Sang-tarom in mild and severe drought stress but there were not any significant differences between Neda and Amol3. Neda had less significant increases (P<0.05) in expression levels of ZFP252, MYB3R-2 and AP37with compared to Sang-tarom in mild drought stress and also less significant increases in expression levels of ZFP252 and AP37 with compared to Amol3.In severe drought stress (FTSW=0.2), Neda showed less significant expression levels of all three transcription factors with compared to Sang-tarom. Neda is probably more tolerant line and also a candidate for selection against drought stress due to longer roots but there are different mechanisms in responses to drought stress in genes expression levels in different rice lines. mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi'>MYB3R-2 در مقایسه با رقم سنگ طارم و همچنین افزایش معنی­دار کمتری در سطح بیان ZFP252وAP37 در مقایسه با رقم آمل 3 مشاهده شد. در وضعیت تنش شدید، رقم ندا افزایش کمتر و معنی­داری در سطح بیان هر سه عامل نسخه­برداریدر مقایسه با رقم سنگ طارم نشان داد. بنابراین، رقم ندا احتمالاً به دلیل طول ریشه بیشتر در شرایط تنش خشکی رقم متحمل­تر و کاندیدی جهت انتخاب علیه تنش خشکی است اما سازوکار­های مختلفی در واکنش به خشکی در سطح بیان ژن­های پاسخ دهنده به این تنش در ارقام مختلف وجود دارد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
371 - Effect of superabsorbent hydrogel on yield, yield components and water use efficiency of corn under drought stress
Davoud Khodadadi Dehkordi Seyed Amir Shams Nia Aslan EgdernezhadDeficit irrigation is a technique for optimizing crop production under drought stress conditions. The superabsorbent hydrogel is a hydrophilic polymer being able to absorb and retain a large amount of water. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of different r MoreDeficit irrigation is a technique for optimizing crop production under drought stress conditions. The superabsorbent hydrogel is a hydrophilic polymer being able to absorb and retain a large amount of water. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of different rates of Super AB A 200 superabsorbent hydrogel on yield and yield components of corn cv SC704 under drought stress. The experiment carried out in split plot based on a randomized block design in Hamidieh region, Khuzestan province, Iran. In this study, three different depths of irrigation were considered as the main plot including 100, 75 and 50% of water requirement of plants respectively and different levels of superabsorbent were used as sub-plot including 0 (control), 15, 30 and 45 g/m2, respectively. Increasing drought stress led to significant loss of yield, yield components and decrement in water use efficiency of corn The effect of drought stress was determined by decreasing leaf surface area index, disruption of nutrients uptake and transfer, which ultimately led to a decrease in the supply of nutrients, yield and yield components. Finally, it was concluded that superabsorbent hydrogel is effective in retaining water and nutrients and releasing them under drought stress conditions and significantly prevents the decline of yield and yield components. It is recommended to use 75% of plant water requirement and 45 g/m2 superabsorbent for corn cultivation under Khuzestan province climate conditions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
372 - Effect of sowing date on the yield and yield components of two canola cultivars in Khuzestan area
Abdol Amir RahnamaOptimal sowing date of canola is limited in south and north of Khuzestan province of Iran by rotation, water, soil and climate conditions and so determination of the relationship between yield and yield components with planting date is necessary. In order to determine t MoreOptimal sowing date of canola is limited in south and north of Khuzestan province of Iran by rotation, water, soil and climate conditions and so determination of the relationship between yield and yield components with planting date is necessary. In order to determine the effect of sowing date on the yield and yield components of two canola cultivars, an experiment was carried out as split plot based on a randomize complete block design with four replications during 2004-2005. Seven planting dates were allocated to the main plots and two canola cultivars were arranged in subplots. Based on the results, delay in canola planting caused significant decrease in yield and yield components, seed germination percentage, flowering and maturity duration, plant stem height and significant increase of planting to emergence period. There was significant negative correlation between planting date and yield at %1 probability level. Optimal planting date was October 22 and results revealed decreasing trend in Hyola401 hybrid and RGS003 cultivar yield in non optimal planting dates. In conclution, planting Hyola401 during October 22 to November 12 was recommended and if it was not possible, RGS003 planting during October 22 to Novemer 22 could be advisable. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
373 - Comparison of conventional sowing date with late sowing dates on yield and yield components of sunflower cultivars (Helianthus annus L.) in Hamedan climate
Mohsen Rajabi Mohammad Hadi Faraji Arman Moslem FetriTo study the effect of sowing dates on yield and yield components of sunflower cultivars as a second crop, an experiment was conducted in Research Field of Education Center of Jihade-Agriculture of Hamedan. The experiment was carried out in factorial based on randomized MoreTo study the effect of sowing dates on yield and yield components of sunflower cultivars as a second crop, an experiment was conducted in Research Field of Education Center of Jihade-Agriculture of Hamedan. The experiment was carried out in factorial based on randomized complete block design with three replications. The first factor was sowing date including 20th May, 25th June and 10th July and the second factor was sunflower cultivar vic. Sirna, Euroflor and Armaviruski. Acoording to the results, there were significant differences in seed and biological yield, head diameter, thousand seed weight in P th May) had the highest seed yield (495.45 g m-2) and both 25th June and 10th July had the minimum values. Conventional sowing date and 25th June were placed in similar groups based on harvest index, biological yield, number of seed per head and thousand seeds weight traits, but were more than 10th July. About plant height, the highest value related to 25th June. There were significant differences among cultivars about head diameter, 1000-seeds weight (P <0.05) and plant height (P <0.01). The highest head diameter and plant height related to Euroflor and Armaviruski cultivars, respectively. Armaviruski cultivar had the highest plant height in compared with the others. Delay sowing date of 25th June is suggested in this climate of region and it is possible to cultivate all three cultivars in this region after cereal harvesting (especially Barley). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
374 - Interaction of Irrigation Regimes and Nitrogen Sources on Grain Yield and Water Use Efficiency of Wheat
Azhdar Annabi-MilaniNowadays increase of population and need for food and limitation of water resources have caused that the worth of this vital liquid to be cleared up more than ever. A field experiment was conducted at Tabriz plain during 1997-2000 to determination the water requirement MoreNowadays increase of population and need for food and limitation of water resources have caused that the worth of this vital liquid to be cleared up more than ever. A field experiment was conducted at Tabriz plain during 1997-2000 to determination the water requirement of wheat and interaction between applied water and sources of N fertilizer on water use efficiency (WUE). The experiment was carried out in factorial randomized complete block design with 4 irrigation levels (I1 to I4) based on Irrigation Depth per Cumulative Pan Evaporation (ID: CPE) ratios of 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 and 1.0 in combination with 3 sources of N (N1 to N3) comprising ammonium sulfate, urea and ammonium nitrate and with 4 replications. Results indicated that there was significant difference between I1 and other treatments on both biomass and grain yield, but there was no difference between I2, I3 and I4. WUE was different between treatments significantly. Treatment I1 producing 1.89 kgmand treatment I4 with 1.09 kgmhad maximum and minimum WUE respectively. Mean consumed water in 3 years (irrigation plus rainfall) for I1 to I4 was calculated to be 4556, 5776, 6685 and 7713 m3ha-1 respectively. There were no significant differences between treatments in 1000 kernel weight, harvest index (HI) and protein content of seeds. Sources of N had no significant effect on WUE and yield component except 1000 kernel weight. Interaction of irrigation levels and N sources concerning yield components and WUE was not significant. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
375 - Effect of sowing date and urea fertilizer on some morphological traits, yield and yield components of wheat in Hashtroud, Iran climate condition
Iraj Yaghoubian Saeid Ghassemi Yasser YaghoubianAmong the agronomic practices, planting date and nitrogen fertilization are the prime factors that remarkably limit crop production. To evaluate the effect of sowing date and nitrogen fertilizer on some morphological traits and yield of wheat, a field experiment was con MoreAmong the agronomic practices, planting date and nitrogen fertilization are the prime factors that remarkably limit crop production. To evaluate the effect of sowing date and nitrogen fertilizer on some morphological traits and yield of wheat, a field experiment was conducted at a Farm of Hashtroud, Iran in 2015 growing season. The experiment was conducted based on randomized complete block design in split-plot experiment with three replications. Experimental treatments included Four sowing date of Sept. 27, Oct. 4, Oct. 11, and Oct. 18 as main plot and three nitrogen fertilizer rates of 0, 50 and 100 kg/ha as sub plots. Plant height, spike length, peduncle length and extrusion peduncle length increased with nitrogen fertilizer rates but, delay in sowing date decreased these traits. Also, delaying in sowing date decreased 1000 grains weight and grain yield per hectare. Nitrogen application significantly increased seeds per spike, 1000 grains weight, grain yield and harvest index. In general, wheat cultivation on Sept. 27th and using 100 kg/ha nitrogen fertilizer is recommended in Hashtroud region. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
376 - Investigation on the effective indices on yield in delayed sowing of different soybean cultivars in Zanjan region, Iran
Saeed Vaezi esmaeil Zangani farid ShekariSoybean, Glycine max L. is one of the valuable oil and proteinous grain plants and it’s sowing area is expanding annually because of need to both oil and protein sources in our country. Because of some difficulties in on-time cultivation of soybean, an experiment MoreSoybean, Glycine max L. is one of the valuable oil and proteinous grain plants and it’s sowing area is expanding annually because of need to both oil and protein sources in our country. Because of some difficulties in on-time cultivation of soybean, an experiment was carried out to investigate the adaptation possibility of the plant in delayed sowing. A randomized complete block design (RCBD) was conducted at research field of Zanjan university with three replicates. In this study, five soybean cultivars including Zan, Clark, Certificated Sahar, Habit and SRF were examined. Indices of chlorophyll content, canopy temperature and bush height were evaluated at flowering stage (R1). Grain and biological yield, oil and protein yield, oil and protein percent of grains, and index of harvest were also studied at physiological maturation stage (R8). Results showed significant differences of cultivars in most characteristics. The highest grain, oil and protein yields, harvest index and leaf chlorophyll were related to Habit cultivar. There were no significant differences among cultivars in canopy temperature, and oil and protein percentage of grain. hundred seed weight was the most important trait to distinct cultivars. The results of correlation studies between traits revealed that the chlorophyll content index, harvest index, and hundred seed weight were the most effective factors on grain oil and protein yield and might be regarded in cultivar selection. Based on the results, Habit cultivar showed more suitale growth period lenth and better adaptation to photoperiod and temperature of the studied region and so could be a suitable option to supplemental researches in delayed sowing and double planting studies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
377 - Application of different cases of Hargreaves-Samani and Jensen-Haise methods for estimating Alfalfa Reference crop evapotranspiration in Isfahan
Payam NajafiEstimating rate of actual evapotranspiration is very important for designing of the irrigation systems, storage construction and water conveyance structures. Many methods have been developed for estimating reference crop evapotranspiration. Amount of these methods are n MoreEstimating rate of actual evapotranspiration is very important for designing of the irrigation systems, storage construction and water conveyance structures. Many methods have been developed for estimating reference crop evapotranspiration. Amount of these methods are need different climatic parameters but providing all of the data those are necessary for ET0 is not always available and if have been provided, these data may be is not completely correct. Therefore some methods have developed to estimating ET0 with minimum data such as Hargreaves-Samani and Jensen-Haise methods. In this research, eight cases of these methods have been compared. These comparisons were made on the basis alfalfa lysimeter data from Kabotarabud, Isfahan. The results show that through of these cases, which were used Samani-Pessarakly equation for calculating Extraterrestrial Radiation, were estimating ET0 better than the others with 15 Percent Average Maximum Absolute Relative Error (MARE). In addition, these above mention cases were had higher correlation coefficient as compare to other cases, so with improved the main equations with linear regression, MARE were decreased until 9 Percent. Finally, as compared the two methods of calculating the HargreavesœSamani coefficient, Kt, the results showed that there was no considerable different between Allen's equation and Samani-Pessarakly's equation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
378 - یب
mohsen borji
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