The History of the Emergence and Development of Sufi's "Sama" and its Establishment

Subject Areas : Epistemological and methodological researcher of historical research

Mohammad  Shirani ¹ (Najafabad Azad University, History Department)
naser  jadidi ² (دانشیار گروه تاریخ، واحد نجف آباد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، نجف آباد، ایران(نویسنده ی مسئول) ( [e-mail] ))
fizollah  boshasb ³ (دانشیار گروه تاریخ، واحد نجف آباد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، نجف آباد، ایران( [e-mail] ))

Received: 2021-08-21 Accepted : 2021-09-09 Published : 2021-11-22

Keywords: Sufism, Ecstasy, Sama, Abu Saeed Abu al-Khair, Mohammad al Ghazali,

Abstract :

"Sama" is one of the most obvious manifestations of Iranian Sufism, about which different theories have been expressed and there has been a difference between the legislators and the mystics for centuries in refuting or proving it. This study intends to examine the reasons for the formation and development of "Sama" and to examine the efforts of its proponents and opponents to confirm their views and the results that have emerged.To carry out this research, library research method and citing the sources of the opponents and supporters of Sama have been used to illustrate the progress of this Sufi tradition by examining and criticizing various views and opinions and comparing them with the existing documents.On the one hand, one group has tried to prove its sanctity by relying on Quranic verses and quoting the narrations of the Prophet (PBUH) and the Imams (AS), and on the other hand, some people have tried to soften the statements of the opponents by using the same tools and documents. Have been it. Eventually, with the efforts of the proponents, especially Abu Sa'id Abu al-Khair, the ceremony was able to gain a prominent place among Sufis and the people, although in the works of people like Ghazali, conditions and restrictions were considered for it.