A Study of Forough Farokhzad’s Poems from the Perspective of Lacan’s Theories of “Gaze” and “Mirror Stage”
Subject Areas : Persian language and literature texts
Saeed
Yazdani
1
(Assistant Professor, Department of English Language and Literature, Bushehr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Bushehr, Iran.)
Haleh
Cheraghi
2
(Assistant Professor, Department of French Language and Literature, Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar, Iran.)
Keywords: Real, لاکان, Lacan, سوژه, Subject, مرحلۀ آینه, نگاه خیره, واقعی, خیالی, Gaze, Mirror Stage, Imaginary,
Abstract :
In his theory of “mirror stage,” Lacan focuses on the fundamental role played by the mirror image in the development of man’s psyche. He refers to the importance of mirror image in the social and linguistic identity of the individuals. From Lacan’s perspective, man’s “gaze” is superior to that of the woman. Man’s “gaze” deals with the woman as the one who is endowed with a more inferior place than that of the former. The other concept considered in this article is the concept of “gaze,” that has an affiliation with Lacan’s theory of “mirror stage”. The author has made an attempt to study the impact of Lacanian “gaze” and “mirror stage” on Farrokhzad’s poem, using analytical-descriptive method. Since Forough’s poems have romantic characteristics and they reflect her own feelings and thoughts, thus this article can provide an important ground for offering better attitude towards Forough’s poems. The main research questions used in this article is how we can establish a relationship between Lacanian “gaze” and “mirror stage” and Forough’s poems. The results indicate that Forough has intended to challenge an identity ascribed to het by society and literary traditional through her poems; she intended to attain her real self. For the purpose, she could make use of mirror as metaphor, and like many other modern poets, present her feminine subjectivity and identity using “mirror image” and “gaze”.
کتاب ها
یوسف نیا، سعید(1374) درجستجوی جانب آبی، تهران: معیار.
فرخزاد، فروغ (1351) اسیر، تهران: امیرکبیر.
فرخزاد، فروغ (1351) عصیان، تهران: امیرکبیر.
فرخزاد، فروغ (1382) مجموعۀ اشعار فروغ فرخزاد، تهران: انتشارات نگاه.
فینک، بروس (1397) سوژه لاکانی، مترجم محمد علی جعفری، تهران: انتشارات ققنوس.
عابدی، کامیار (1380) به رغم پنجره های بسته: شعر معاصر زنان، تهران: نشر کتاب نادر.
مشرف آزاد تهرانی، محمود (1376)، پریشا دخت شعر، تهران: ثالث. 93
حقوقی، محمد (1372) شعر فروغ فرخزاد از آغاز تا امروز، شعرهای برگزیده، تفسیر و تحلیل موفق ترین شعرها، تهران: انتشارات نگاه.
مقاله ها
ابراهیمی، سید رضا (1390) خوانش شعر ایمان بیاوریم به آغاز فصل سرد»: فروغ فرخزاد از دیدگاه تحلیل و روانکاوی ژاک لاکان، فصلنامۀ علمی پژوهشی زبان و ادب فارسی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد سنندج، شماره 9، 24-1.
احمدزاده، شیده (1386) ژاک لاکان و نقد روانکاوی معاصر، پژوهشنامۀ فرهنگستان هنر، شماره 4، 108-93.
پاینده، حسین(1388) نقد شعر «زمستان» از منظر نظریة روانکاویِ لاکان و ادب، فصلنامۀ زبان و ادب فارسی، شماره 43، 46-27.
شیری، قهرمان، و مهری، بهروز، و آبباریکی، سید آرمان حسینی (1391) از لاکان تا مولانا، دو فصلنامۀ علمی پژوهشی ادبیات عرفانی دانشگاه الزهرا، شماره 6، 100-81 .
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_||_Books
Yousefnia, Saeed (1995) In Search of the Blue Side, Tehran: Criteria.
Farrokhzad, Forough (1972) Asir, Tehran: Amirkabir.
Farrokhzad, Forough (1972) Rebellion, Tehran: Amirkabir.
Farrokhzad, Forough (2003) A collection of poems by Forough Farrokhzad, Tehran: Negah Publications.
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Musharraf Azad Tehrani, Mahmoud (1997), Parisha Dokht Shaar, Tehran: Sales. 93
Haghoughi, Mohammad (1993) Forough Farrokhzad's Poetry from the Beginning to the Present, Selected Poems, Interpretation and Analysis of the Most Successful Poems, Tehran: Negah Publication
Articles
Ebrahimi, Seyed Reza (2011) Reading the poem Let's believe in the beginning of the cold season ": Forough Farrokhzad from the perspective of Jacques Lacan analysis and psychoanalysis, Quarterly Journal of Persian Language and Literature, Islamic Azad University, Sanandaj Branch, No. 9, 24-1.
Ahmadzadeh, Shideh (2007) Jacques Lacan and the Critique of Contemporary Psychoanalysis, Journal of the Academy of Arts, No. 4, 108-93.
Payende, Hossein (2009) Critique of "Winter" Poetry from the Perspective of Lacan Theory of Psychoanalysis and Literature, Persian Language and Literature Quarterly, No. 43, 46-27.
Shiri, Ghahraman, and Mehri, Behrooz, and Abbariki, Seyed Arman Hosseini (2012) From Lacan to Rumi, Two Quarterly Journal of Mystical Literature, Al-Zahra University, No. 6, 100-81.
Bergson, H (2007) Creative Evolution. (Trans.) Arthur Mitchell. New York: Cosimo.
Borch-Jacobsen, M.(1991) The Freudian Subject, from Politics to Ethics, in Who Comes After the Subject? (ed.) E.Cadava et al. New York: Routledge, 61-78
De Beauvoir, S (1989) The Second Sex. (Trans.) H.M. Parshley. New York: Vintage Books.
Kristeva, J (1982) Powers of Horror: An Essay on Abjection. (trans.) L. S. Roudiez.New York: Colombia University Press,
Lacan, J(1991) The Four Fundamental Concepts of Psycho-Analysis [Seminar 11], (ed.) J. A. Miller, (trans.) A. Sheriden.Harmondsworth, Middlesex: Penguin.
----------(1985) Ecrits: A Selection, (trans.) A. Sheridan. London: Tavistock
-----------(1988)The Seminar, Book I. Freud's Papers on Technique, 1953–1954, edited by Jacques-Alain Miller, (trans.) John Forrester. New York W.W. Norton & Co.
Lei, W( 2011) The Uncanny Objet a in Toni Morrison’s Fiction. Finland: University of Vaasa Press.
Mitchell, J(1982) Introduction I, Feminine Sexuality: Jacque Lacan and the Ecole Freudiane, (ed.) J. Mitchell and Rose, (trans.) J. Rose. Houndmills, Basingstoke: Macmillan. pp. 1-26
Rusbridger, R(2010) Affects in Melanie Klein. International Journal of Psychoanalysis.Vol. 93 (1), 139-50.
