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Open Access Article
1 - Pathology and design of optimal talent management model
sohiela darouian naser mirsepasi karamolah daneshfardThe main objective of this study is to investigate talent management complications among university lecturers and design optimal models. The research method is descriptive-survey method. The statistical population of this study was the teachers of Tehran Azad University MoreThe main objective of this study is to investigate talent management complications among university lecturers and design optimal models. The research method is descriptive-survey method. The statistical population of this study was the teachers of Tehran Azad University with units of 360 people selected by Cochran sampling method. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire. After confirming its content validity, its reliability was calculated using Cronbach's alpha of 92%. The data analysis method was performed using exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and structural equation modeling technique (SEM) using LISREL statistical software. The results of the research show that based on the evaluation of indicators and talent management components that are based on the three-component complication model in the structural, contextual and content dimensions, between the optimum situation and the current status of talent management gap, which at the end of the research is based on the results obtained Optimal strategies for improving talent management in the components of employment conditions, human capital position, scientific infrastructure, electronic and technological infrastructure, legal and legal framework, cultural conditions, acceptance and support of managers, acceptance and support of instructors by the final model resulting from the results. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Investigation the Effect of Brand Social Power Dimensions on Purchasing Decisions Based on Customers’ Subjective Readiness Levels
K. Heidarzadeh S.M. Alvani K. GhalandariThe value of a brand lies in its associations with specific mindset and perception of its use in context.In this research, brand social power is considered as the perception that customers have about brandspecifications in the process of making purchasing decisions. Usi MoreThe value of a brand lies in its associations with specific mindset and perception of its use in context.In this research, brand social power is considered as the perception that customers have about brandspecifications in the process of making purchasing decisions. Using French and Raven (1959)typology of social influence, five social power bases of brand are identified which correspond to theiroriginal power bases. Assuming the ability of brands to meet various social needs of customers,markets can be segmented, and the target segments can be identified on the basis of those needs.Therefore, referring to Hersey and Blanchard’s situational leadership theory, the readiness levels ofemployees (followers) are generalized to the subjective readiness levels of customers in order toobtain a new indicator for market segmentation, so that, according to each level, we can focus on asingle social power dimension in our market positioning strategies. This research aims to identify theeffect of brand social dimensions based on subjective readiness levels on the purchasing decision ofcustomers. In this survey-descriptive study using random classified sampling, information wasobtained from 382 students using a valid and reliable questionnaire. Structural equation modelingbased on partial least squares was used to analyze data and test the hypotheses. The results suggest thatthe effect of brand social power dimensions based on different levels of customer subjective readinesson purchasing decisions vary. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Investigating the Effect on Utilitarian Product Knowledge and Hedonic Product Knowledge on Consumer Decision Making
K. Heidarzadeh M. NorouziOne of the basic concepts that is considered in consumer behavior is the consumer informationprocess. It includes three factors: perception, involvement and memory.In this research, the relationship between involvement and product knowledge is considered which iskept in MoreOne of the basic concepts that is considered in consumer behavior is the consumer informationprocess. It includes three factors: perception, involvement and memory.In this research, the relationship between involvement and product knowledge is considered which iskept in long-term memory with attention to moderator variable of the product type. The relationshipbetween involvement, objective knowledge, and subjective knowledge of utilitarian and hedonicproducts is considered. The results show that involvement represents and affects changes inknowledge, but this effect is different for various products and types of knowledge. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - Historical Evolution of a Term; Ra’iyyat and its Classification in Islamic Administration
نگار ذیلابیRa’iyyat, is used in three semantic fields in Islamic resources: it’s oldest and the most pervasive usage was known as one subordinates a ruler. This colloquial sense, based on the literal meaning of the word ra’i defined as shepherding and pasturing c MoreRa’iyyat, is used in three semantic fields in Islamic resources: it’s oldest and the most pervasive usage was known as one subordinates a ruler. This colloquial sense, based on the literal meaning of the word ra’i defined as shepherding and pasturing cattle, refers to an ancient tradition according to which the image of a ruler was a resemblance of a shepherd who protect and guide the people. In this sense, raiyyathas been the subject for many discussions and teachings in Islamic literature, especially in the books such as Adab al-Muluk (the king’s manners) and also official documents and letters in the first ten centuries of Islamic era. Since ra’iyyat had no right to meddle in political and military affairs, the second application of the term ra’ iyyat, means civilians, became prevalent in the Islamic literature and administration. According to many Islamic resources,in central and eastern regions of Islamic world, particularly, this term referred to classes of the king followers who were not allowed to carry weapons. The same definition of ra’iyyat became particularly prevalent in Safavid and Ottoman administration and ra’iyyat was used as a governmental term vis-à-vis “army”. The third definition of ra’iyyat was used to refer to the producers, taxpayers and farmers that often lived in central and eastern regions after the tenth century. Agricultural productions in main parts of the Islamic world were carried out on the basis of landlordism system and so vassals were the most important workers. In this article, along with explaining and comparing these three semantic fields, the historical evolution of the term in the related Islamic texts and also classification of ra’aya in Islamic administration will be considered Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - Explaining the ritualistic concept and studying its crystallization effects
reihaneh khorramrouei amin mahan ahmad ali farzinThe landscape is an objective-minded phenomenon that is shaped by the human understanding of the environment and takes on different forms in the context of history and time. In the meantime, the paradigm has been created with concepts of identity, such as culture and re MoreThe landscape is an objective-minded phenomenon that is shaped by the human understanding of the environment and takes on different forms in the context of history and time. In the meantime, the paradigm has been created with concepts of identity, such as culture and religion, and created a specific objective and mental effects with respect to particular spatial situations. The core of the cultural landscape is seen by three elements of the environment, time, and man. The two-way relationship between each of these factors leads to the creation of a new element. Human beings reminisce over time and shape history. A factor that has been one of the main cornerstones of culture in human life and human history (requiring space to remain in time).The presence of human beings in the environment and its experience will lead to the formation of space, a place where human presence is meaningful, and the agent that creates the dimension of memory and creation of the mind in the landscape.Rites are a symbolic social show that appears under certain conditions in the community, and it is up to the people of the community to act in that particular way. Rites in all human societies are sacred acts That members of the community feel committed and committed to doing so. The ritualistic aspect is part of a cultural perspective that reflects the customs, ceremonies, religions and religious rituals. Ceremonies such as the Nowruz ceremony in Iran, the celebration of cherry blossoms in Japan, the celebration of watering in Thailand, cheesecloth in the UK, and many others are nature-shaped ceremonies, rooted in respect for natural elements. The ritualistic view as a subset of the perspective and as an important part of the cultural landscape is considered to be the reaction of society to its spiritual needs.The ritualistic view as a subset of the landscape and culture has the same characteristics of both. According to the definitions given in the ritual section, the ritualistic aspect is initially formed in the context of nature; Because nature, the bed and the creator of the elements constitute the ritual. Nature is the context in which man and history are formed, and their interaction with nature leads to the creation of culture and religion. Perhaps the strongest link in the nature and customs of the people can be found in ritual and sacred centers. From the past, living near human nature has been very important to humans Therefore, this paper tries to identify the effects of its appearance in Iran by examining the concepts of the landscape and the ritual and the recognition of the ritualistic concept. The research methodology of this paper is of a qualitative type and combines an analytical-descriptive and citation research method.Based on this, using a library method and using authoritative sources, a wide range of sources related to the landscape and religion was studied. By comparative study, inferential and inference method was used to analyze the cases presented in the ritualistic viewpoint And its aspects have been addressed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - Subjective Assessment of the Desirability of the Soundscape of Tabriz Bazaar and its Effectiveness from the Frequency and Reason for the Presence of People
Abbas Ghaffari Morteza Mirgholami Bita ShafaeiThe urban soundscape is a new branch in the field of urban studies, which is related to various sciences, including acoustics. Soundscape is the perceptual quality of the heard sounds. Its desirability is clarified by subjective assessment. In fact, studies in this fiel MoreThe urban soundscape is a new branch in the field of urban studies, which is related to various sciences, including acoustics. Soundscape is the perceptual quality of the heard sounds. Its desirability is clarified by subjective assessment. In fact, studies in this field seek to explain how people feel about the sounds they hear in urban spaces and how they perceive it as a whole. Numerous factors affect the desirability of the soundscape. The frequency and reason for the presence of people in urban spaces are among the factors affecting the quality of the urban soundscapes. Because different groups of people have different feelings and mentalities towards the urban sound landscape; therefore, necessary measures should be considered in planning and designing the urban soundscape for diverse groups. In the present study, the effect of this issue on the advantage of the soundscape of Tabriz Bazaar has been studied. Based on the frequency and reason for the presence in Tabriz Bazaar, three categories of people can be distinguished like Bazaar merchants, citizens of Tabriz, and tourists. Bazaar merchants are present in space every day for a long time to perform essential activities. The citizens in Tabriz periodically go to Bazaar for optional work. Finally, tourists probably visit Tabriz Bazaar a limited number of times for optional and social activities. This study aims to discover the possible correlation between frequency and reason for the presence in Tabriz Bazaar and the desirability of its soundscape. This is followed by determining the quality of sound perception of each mentioned categories and what factors affect it. To clarify how different people, perceive the soundscape of Bazaar, a questionnaire was used in which 384 people from three groups were tested. The hours allocated for answering questions are the peak times of the presence of people in the Bazaar, which are the busiest and noisiest hours of the day. Spearman correlation between the proposed components is calculated and is statistically significant. Findings indicate that the higher the exposure to the soundscape, the less pleasant it is. On the other hand, people consider sounds pleasant or unpleasant, depending on the purpose for which they are present in Tabriz Bazaar and how often they visit. Therefore, Bazaar merchants clearly understand the soundscape of the market more unpleasantly than others. Tourists find it more pleasant than others due to their peace of mind and short exposure to the soundscape of Bazaar. For the citizens in Tabriz, the soundscape of the Bazaar is acceptable and has a median status between merchants and tourists. Considering the tourists' satisfaction with the soundscape of Tabriz Bazaar, by presenting strategies, it is possible to increase the memorability of the soundscape of Tabriz Bazaar and provide a platform for tourism development through the attractions of "Bazaar sound". The spaces of Tabriz Bazaar are quiet and comfortable in terms of sound, and the most important factor that reduces the sonic comfort and hurts the desirability of its soundscape is the sudden occurrence of sounds with differences in SPL. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - The Aesthetical Perception of Residences in the North and South of the City regarding Residential Building Facades
Reza Jafariha Media Daneshkar Arasteh Bahareh Pourali MohammadMehdi Moulaii -
Open Access Article
8 - Role of Environmental Dimensions on well-being: Qualitative Approach
Sakineh Maroofi Mojtaba Valibeigi Neda Safari Maryam Sereshti -
Open Access Article
9 - Association of depression with malnutrition in hemodialysis patients
Mohsen Taghavi Seyyed Ali Keshavarz Alireza Hoveyda Asal Ataie-Jafari -
Open Access Article
10 - Inter-paradigmatic concept of security: the U.S. security approach after cold war as a case study
Dr. Abdol all Ghavam Mehdi VahidiIn the present article we have made a discourse, historical, analytic and paradigm analysis on the concept of security in order to remove its ambiguities in international relations. We have also investigated the transition of historical view point regarding the concept MoreIn the present article we have made a discourse, historical, analytic and paradigm analysis on the concept of security in order to remove its ambiguities in international relations. We have also investigated the transition of historical view point regarding the concept of national and international security through extensive accounts of the transitions of the security concept dated back to the cold war era. Besides, after careful consideration of security paradigm transition ( realism, liberalism, constructivism), we attempted to theorize security both subjectively and objectively in a way to present its conceptual transition in U.S. foreign policy. Underlining the extensive concept of security, the results indicated a need for an inter paradigm study in terms of ontology, epistemnlogy and discourse regarding any analysis and investigation in the area of security. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - Study of Power Relation in the “The Salesman”: Analysis of the Studied Subjects’ Actions (Cognition of Strategies and Techniques)
Elham Tavakoli Mehrdad Navabakhsh Mansour Haghighatian -
Open Access Article
12 - The Attitude of Tehranian Customers toward Tourism Electronic Services
Alireza Dehghan Yalda Erfanifard -
Open Access Article
13 - The Effect of trust, customer service and convenience on Intention to Shop Online by mediating role of Attitude towards Online Shopping (Case Study: Digistyle)
Sadaf Chankeshi Peyman Ghafari Ashtiani Seyed Jalaledin Hosseini GhonchehThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of trust, customer service and convenience on Intention to Shop Online by mediating role of Attitude towards Online Shopping. This research in terms of goal, is an applied research and in terms of data collection m MoreThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of trust, customer service and convenience on Intention to Shop Online by mediating role of Attitude towards Online Shopping. This research in terms of goal, is an applied research and in terms of data collection method, is descriptive and survey type. The statistical population is the audience that has bought at least twice the Digistyle online store on Instagram. Considering that the number of statistical population at the time of distribution of the questionnaire was 290 thousand people, based on Cochran's formula, 384 samples were selected to test the hypotheses using available sampling method The reliability of the questionnaires was confirmed by Cronbach’s alpha and the validity of the tool was confirmed by the content method and calculating the content validity ratio formula. Data were analyzed using SPSS and lisrel software and the research hypotheses were tested. Findings indicate that “trust (in online shopping)”, “convenience (in online shopping)” and “customer service (in online shopping)” has had a positive effect on “attitude towards online shopping”. As well as the variables “trust (in online shopping)”, “convenience (in online shopping)”, “attitude towards online shopping” and “subjective norm” has a positive effect on the “intention to shop online”. However, the effect of “customer service (in online shopping)” on “intention to shop online” is not significant. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - Investigating Impact of E-trust and Subjective Norms on Customers’ Acceptance of E-commerce Website (Case Study: Raja Passenger Trains Co)
P. Ghafari Ashtiani M. S. Horri B. GholamiWith the diffusion of the Internet people lives have undergone dramatic changes. This technology has enabled globalization and commercialization in the societies. Modern organizations depend on the Internet for their daily operations. Moreover, many organizations have s MoreWith the diffusion of the Internet people lives have undergone dramatic changes. This technology has enabled globalization and commercialization in the societies. Modern organizations depend on the Internet for their daily operations. Moreover, many organizations have started to conduct electronic commerce. Researches in the related fields have shown that the adoption of e-commerce leads to a variety of benefits such as cost reduction, product quality improvement, new customer or supplier contacts and the creation of new ways of selling existing products. The present research aimed at investigating the roles of e-trust and subjective norms in acceptance of e-commerce website by customers of Raja Passenger Trains Co. Statistical population of this research include total customers of Raja Passenger Trains Co. in Tehran who booked an e- ticket. The research hypotheses were tested through LISREL and structural equation model (SEM). The research results showed that perceived ease of use has positive effects on perceived usefulness and attitude toward use of e-commerce website; subjective norm has positive effects on perceived usefulness as well as attitude toward use of e-commerce website and intention to e-commerce website reuse. Moreover, e-trust has a positive effect on intention to e-commerce website reuse. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - Knowing the Effective factors on Acceptance of Electronic Government Services from the Point of Citizen's View (Research Point: The Government Counter Offices in the City of Tehran)
M. Haghighinasab S. Ghasemi M. Torkaman A. GhasemiThe thesis's abstract (includes, precise goals, methods of performance and gained conclusions): This inquiry has been paid on identification of the effective factors on adoption of electronic government services from the point of citizen's view with a survey on the gove MoreThe thesis's abstract (includes, precise goals, methods of performance and gained conclusions): This inquiry has been paid on identification of the effective factors on adoption of electronic government services from the point of citizen's view with a survey on the government counter offices in the city of Tehran .The model of research in this inquiry examines the pattern of relation between independent variables (perception of usefulness, perception from ease of use, perception of quality of services, computer self-efficacy and accessibility) middle variables(Attitude, subjective norms and perceived behavioral control, and dependent variable (intention to use). Statistical population includes Citizens who apply for services to government counter offices. A random sample of 352 citizens have participated in research and completed the questionnaire. Perceived behavioral control, attitude and mental norms toward electronic government services has a positive effect on intention to use it. Computer self-efficacy represents the meaningful relationship with perceived behavioral control. An overall conclusion suggest that electronic government policymakers should provide direct access of citizens to these services via one stop portals with broadband internet access, meanwhile, improving the quality of services in government counter offices as well. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
16 - Investigating the Impact of Selected Factors on Consumer Green Purchase Intention
A. Nakhaei B. KheiryThe growing global public concern and awareness for safety and preservation of the environment has given rise to the perception that consumer purchases may be somewhat influenced by environmental issues. While green issues and social responsibility are becoming importan MoreThe growing global public concern and awareness for safety and preservation of the environment has given rise to the perception that consumer purchases may be somewhat influenced by environmental issues. While green issues and social responsibility are becoming important to consumers, it is necessary to understand which factors influence on purchase decisions for environmentally friendly products. Considering that purchase intention is known as a good predictor of behavior, the main objective of this study is to investigate the impact of selected factors on consumers purchase intention for green products.The data were collected on a Qazvinian sample using a structured questionnaire. A total of 400 questionnaires were completed and used for data analysis. The data were analyzed applying LISREL and SPSS software. The results reveal that consumer purchase intention for green products affected by green brands, marketing communication activities; attitude based on more marketing communication, environmental knowledge and perceived consumer effectiveness. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
17 - Identifying the Factors that Influence Consumer Pricing Knowledge
H. R. Saeidnia S. AlinejadWhat consumers know or think they know about product price levels is an important research area from both a societal as well as a marketing perspective. This study investigates objective and subjective price knowledge and the effects of price consciousnes MoreWhat consumers know or think they know about product price levels is an important research area from both a societal as well as a marketing perspective. This study investigates objective and subjective price knowledge and the effects of price consciousness, price search behavior, purchase frequency, time availability, and perceived price dispersion on the two knowledge dimensions as well as the relationship between objective and subjective price knowledge. This paper uses a sample of 270 consumers of Shahrvand supermarkets in Tehran; data were collected from a questionnaire, and structural equation modeling was used for data analysis. Price search behavior and purchase frequency had positive effects on both subjective and objective price knowledge, but time availability had no significant effect on objective or subjective price knowledge mediated by effects on price search. Furthermore, perceived price dispersion had a negative effect on objective price knowledge. Price consciousness had a positive effect on both subjective and objective price knowledge mediated by effects on price search and purchase frequency, but price consciousness had no significant direct effect on subjective price knowledge. Finally, objective price knowledge had a positive direct effect on subjective price knowledge. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
18 - General Addresses and Its Effects
Ahmad Reza Tavakoli Mohammad Kazem rahman SetayeshPrinciple scholars look at general addresses including religious rulesdifferently. some believe general addresses are from foreign mattersand some believe general addresses are from real matters.According to these attitudes , the subjects in general addresses areindivid MorePrinciple scholars look at general addresses including religious rulesdifferently. some believe general addresses are from foreign mattersand some believe general addresses are from real matters.According to these attitudes , the subjects in general addresses areindividuals not the titles mentioned in the address. Because generaladdresses analyzed to specific addresses are related to the numberof individuals, so there should be duty conditions in order to havetrue orders. In contrast to these two attitudes , Imam Khomeinibelieves the subject of these addresses are general title and natures,not individuals. order in these matters is not related to individualsone by one and these general addresses analyzed to specificaddresses are not related to the number of obliged people. So,characteristics and conditions of individuals are not reliable in theseaddresses. The result of accepting this attitude is resolving principleproblem in discussions such as opposite discussion or those mattersthat obliged person has general knowledge a bout. Because theorigin of the problem is conditioning of obliged individuals states(like power) for duty. It causes in some cases such as the address ofimportant a bout opposite things and the address about the dutybeyond obliged individual ability , the address is not focused on theobliges individual. In this paper, firstly, we have defined the addressand different kinds of it. Then, we have investigated different partsof general addresses separately. Different attitudes have beenmentioned about the addresses. Finally the results of attitudesdifferences have been offered. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
19 - Readout of the Subject and Sentences of Zalal Books
Ehsan Aliakbari Babookani Mohammadhasan haeri yazdi Mohammad tagi faklaeeThere are lots of disputes between Shiite Jurists on the subject and sentences of Zalal books. As far as the great Shiite jurists considered each other ideas misleading and unlawful. This thought cause preventing the publication of the others ideas and thoughts. This ar MoreThere are lots of disputes between Shiite Jurists on the subject and sentences of Zalal books. As far as the great Shiite jurists considered each other ideas misleading and unlawful. This thought cause preventing the publication of the others ideas and thoughts. This article is followed up with a detailed explanation of the issue to provide an approach that firstly: understand misleading and its affect according to the juristic bases and thoughts. Secondly: how to deal rational and logical with the affects of misleading books. And thirdly: opening the way for fresh ijtihads and ideas and prevent the introduction of Islam as a religion without reason and incapable of dealing with his opponents thoughts. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
20 - Presenting the proposed model of auditing with the structure of professional skepticism based on the theory of mentality and attitude
Bahareh Banitalebi DehkordiOne of the most important concepts in the field of psychology, which emphasized in auditing standards, is professional skepticism, which, despite its great importance in the field of auditing, has not been well explained from a scientific point of view. Therefore, the p MoreOne of the most important concepts in the field of psychology, which emphasized in auditing standards, is professional skepticism, which, despite its great importance in the field of auditing, has not been well explained from a scientific point of view. Therefore, the purpose of this article is, first of all, to develop the concept of professional skepticism and explain how it plays a role in audit reports with the help of the two approaches of subjectivity and attitude, and secondly, to present the conceptual model of auditing with the approach of professional skepticism from the perspective of experts. To achieve this goal, data collected through in-depth semi-structured interviews with 15 experts during the years 2022-2023. Data analysis also done with the help of Strauss and Corbin (1998) paradigm model and through open, central and selective coding. After measuring the reliability and validity of the findings, finally, while identifying six categories including causal conditions "incentives", phenomena, contextual conditions, intervening conditions, strategic strategies and consequences "results", the proposed model also presented. Based on the findings of the research, the proposed model of the conceptual model of auditing with a professional skeptical approach includes 6 categories, 248 meaningful propositions and 81 corresponding concepts. Based on the findings of the research, the necessary strategic measures in the field of implementing the proposed model of professional skepticism in the field of auditing include identifying valid evidence, analyzing evidence, monitoring and re-reviewing the work, understanding the client and reforming the plan and planning. The findings of the research show that attitude, with the help of emotional and cognitive components, while predicting auditors' intentions and behavior, improves the predictive power of skepticism for auditors' evidence collection. Based on the findings, the final model of the research leads to the improvement of audit quality, reduction of audit risk and increase of effective audit. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
21 - Factor analysis to explain the effectiveness of disclosing non-financial information in accounting reports
Yaser Radi JAMAL BAHRISALES Saeed Jabbarzadeh Kangarloei Ali AshtabThe aim of the current research is to explain the effectiveness of disclosing non-financial information in accounting reports based on factor analysis. For this purpose, all accounting reports of listed companies that have a non-financial (qualitative) aspect (including MoreThe aim of the current research is to explain the effectiveness of disclosing non-financial information in accounting reports based on factor analysis. For this purpose, all accounting reports of listed companies that have a non-financial (qualitative) aspect (including: attached notes, report of the board of directors to the assembly, internal control report, audit reports) to extract non-financial variables It was investigated and 50 non-financial variables were identified and sent to 380 people in the form of a checklist to obtain points from experts based on Morgan's table, refining the opinions of the research experts to 23 non-financial variables, finally, the mentioned non-financial variables were divided into four social and economic factors, environment and corporate governance were divided, also in order to measure the effectiveness of the mentioned factors, 5 criteria including: stock liquidity, information asymmetry, financial performance, price concurrency and cost of capital were used as dependent variables for the time period 2012 to 2021. The present research method is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive in terms of data collection method. In terms of the type of data, it is a qualitative and quantitative research, and in terms of the method of data analysis, it is a research with a mixed method, which will be used in a part of the research using a qualitative method and in another part, a quantitative method. And for data analysis, Stata software version 15 and tabular data model were used. The results of the research showed that, based on the factor analysis, all the mentioned factors have a positive and significant effect on the effectiveness of accounting reports. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
22 - Compare the priority thematic strategies - and motivational content structured professional ethics for accountants and accounting students from the perspective of teachers, school students and university teachers
Farshideh Farzin Bahare Banitalebi Dehkordi Mahmood BakhshinejadThis study aimed to compare the priority thematic strategies - and motivational content - structured professional ethics for accountants and accounting students from the perspective of teachers, school students and university teachers in vocational schools and universit MoreThis study aimed to compare the priority thematic strategies - and motivational content - structured professional ethics for accountants and accounting students from the perspective of teachers, school students and university teachers in vocational schools and universities using factor analysis was conducted . The population consisted of two teachers of technical institutes and professional accounting and accounting professors who teach at the University of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province, is. LISREL software is a tool used in confirmatory factor analysis. The results show that, in terms of content solutions - an issue of integrity and ethical values and social concepts and principles of Islamic ethics and principles of professional ethics has the highest priority are tailored to each country's culture and ethics relationship between employees are the next priorities. The motivational strategies - structural comparison of the two groups shows that the highest priority in terms of school teachers and university professors teaching professional ethics as an independent subject and the other is the inclusion of ethics in the training courses. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
23 - Evolving the concept of "subject" in the approaches to discourse analysis
shahnaz karimi mehrdad navabakhsh mostafa AzkiaThe concept of the subject is rooted in the thoughts of the newborn period, which in the twentieth century found a political nature; the subject can be examined from at least three perspectives; in modern terms, which begins with Descartes, the subject of the subject is MoreThe concept of the subject is rooted in the thoughts of the newborn period, which in the twentieth century found a political nature; the subject can be examined from at least three perspectives; in modern terms, which begins with Descartes, the subject of the subject is a discovery that is independent of metaphysical forces, the ability to think and act Has. From the perspective of post-structuralism and postmodernism, which manifests itself in particular in Foucault's thought, the subject is the invention of the modern age, and it is also declining with the end of modernism. In this sense, the subject is the subjugation of the elements of power, and it all forms in the context of its historical forces and discourses. In the third perspective, the subject is an object that forms in the context of historical forces and discourses, but it also has the power to resist and change it, and it affects it. This paper, by documentary method, studies the concept of a subject in different approaches to discourse analysis. The results of the research show that the subject and its identity have gone through many ups and downs, sometimes in the awe of creative and effective activism and sometimes in the form of passive and enclosed inventory. From the point of view of discourse analysis approaches, especially the approach of Laclau's discourse and subject matter, subjects in particular situations are capable of collapse of discourse and hegemonic creation of another discourse.Keywords: Subject, Discourse, Discourse Analysis. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
24 - Investigating the Relationship Between objective and intuitve Elements of Ethnicity with development Political Participation in the East of Golestan Province (with emphasis on Parliamentary Elections)
Abbas Ali ArabThe aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between the objective and subjective components of ethnicity with political participation in the east of Golestan province (with emphasis on the elections to the Islamic Consultative Assembly). The research method MoreThe aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between the objective and subjective components of ethnicity with political participation in the east of Golestan province (with emphasis on the elections to the Islamic Consultative Assembly). The research method and statistical population of all individuals over the age of 18 are above of the three nations: Fars, Turkmen and Sistani . Multi-stage cluster random sampling method and data collection tool were used for data analysis. T-test, variance analysis, multivariate regression, and correlation coefficients and path analysis were used. The results of the research show that there is significant relationship between the objective components (level of education, lack of discrimination in access to management, attention to comments) with the amount of political participation exists between subjective factors (ethnicity, respect for the elite, and respect for elders) there is a significant correlation with the level of political participation. The research hypotheses were also examined by adding the role of gender variable and ethnicity. As a result, the relationship between objective and subjective components with the amount of political participation has a significant relationship. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
25 - Study of Obstacles of Party System Forming in social Development Background and Iran Structure’s Political Culture Between Two Revolutions (Mashroteh to Islamic Revolution)
منوچهر ثابتی منصور وثوقی علیرضا محسنی تبریزیIn a specific sense, the party means a coherent and organized group, a social and political phenomenon, of the signs of civil society and the democratic system of the West, arising from the post-industrial revolution conditions, which has been adapted and imitated by ot MoreIn a specific sense, the party means a coherent and organized group, a social and political phenomenon, of the signs of civil society and the democratic system of the West, arising from the post-industrial revolution conditions, which has been adapted and imitated by other societies such as Iran. Although the constitutional revolution of the political parties was formed in Iran, however, with the advent of the Pahlavi regime, the establishment of democracy and the formation of the party system became a problem. The dominant political culture in the socio-political structure of Iran was the traditional political culture. The Pahlavi feudal discourse paid more attention to developmental, economic, industrial and urban development programs and did not pay attention to political development and parties. Traditional-political culture was the main cause of the emergence of rentier governments, political violence, and imperfect development, the continuation of the monarchy and the cycle of despotism. Together, these factors combined the formation of an interconnected network of continuity of traditional and consequential political culture, and an obstacle to the consolidation of democracy and the institutionalization of party activities and the formation of a party system in Iran. This research has been carried out using the Almond and Verbae and Huntington theories in a historical-documentary way. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
26 - Analysis of the concept of "subject" in discourse analysis approaches
shahnaz karimi Mehrdad NavabakhshSubject to at least be examined from three perspectives: a modern standpoint that begins with Descartes, the subject is a subject that is independent of metaphysical forces has the ability to think and act. From the perspective of post-structuralist, postmodern, which a MoreSubject to at least be examined from three perspectives: a modern standpoint that begins with Descartes, the subject is a subject that is independent of metaphysical forces has the ability to think and act. From the perspective of post-structuralist, postmodern, which are expressed specifically in Foucault's ideas, the subject invention of the modern era and the end of modernism is also ebbing. In this sense, the subject is subdued and all elements of American power in the context of the historical forces that shaped discourses. The Middle landscape can be adopted for the subject. In this third aspect, the subject agent that is in the context of historical forces and discourse, but it also has the strength and change and affect it. The current study documents the various approaches to the study of discourse analysis and the subjects in them. Understanding of subjects and features of discourse in understanding subjects have a significant role, but the subject in certain situations hegemonic discourse and the discourse will be able to collapse Manuscript profile -
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27 - Evaluation of the influential components of the physical factors of social participation in the student camp scenery architecture
Nastaran Abdollahpour Jamalledin Soheilicamp is an organized, systematic and purposeful activity which is held in a group with specific programs and supervised by coach in an environment outside the school, out of daily activities scope and in a completely diverse, friendly, jolly environment with the goal of Morecamp is an organized, systematic and purposeful activity which is held in a group with specific programs and supervised by coach in an environment outside the school, out of daily activities scope and in a completely diverse, friendly, jolly environment with the goal of training and construction. One of the most important factors contributing to the continuity of human life is the cooperation and participation of human beings. The purpose of the research is to identify the components of the physical factors of social participation in the architecture of Students Camp, and this is a social and cultural issue which determines individual relationship and behavior on social groups that can be considered predominant factor in shaping social behavior. The method of this research is survey and based on the questionnaire of information gathering tool and the method of inductive reasoning. The statistical population is the kids of 11, 12 and 13 years old who answer the questionnaire questions. The present study uses SPSS analytical software to analyze the responses and ultimately, with respect to the components affecting social participation such as creating a sense of belonging to a place, converting the subjectivity to the objectivity and unity in the creation of communal spaces Participatory architecture will be achieved in Students Camp learning and satisfaction. Manuscript profile -
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28 - The Effect of Urban Management Function on Improving the Quality of Citizens’ Life (Case of Study: Golbahar New City)
Aliakbar Anabestani Zahra Anabestani -
Open Access Article
29 - A Critical Perspective of Georg Simmel’s Views on Religion, the Ratio between Religion and Religiosity in Georg Simmel’s Formal Sociology
Alireza Khani Younes Nourbakhsh -
Open Access Article
30 - Investigating the Relationship between Objective and intuitive Elements of Ethnicity with Political Participation Development in the East of Golestan Province (with Emphasis on Parliamentary Elections)
Abbasali Arab Amirmassoud AmirmazaheriThe aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between the objective and subjective components of ethnicity with political participation in the east of Golestan province (with emphasis on the elections to the Islamic Consultative Assembly). The research method MoreThe aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between the objective and subjective components of ethnicity with political participation in the east of Golestan province (with emphasis on the elections to the Islamic Consultative Assembly). The research method and statistical population of all individuals over the age of 18 are above of the three nations: Fars, Turkmen and Sistani. Multi-stage cluster random sampling method and data collection tool were used for data analysis. T-test, variance analysis, multivariate regression, and correlation coefficients and path analysis were used. The results of the research show that there is significant relationship between the objective components (level of education, lack of discrimination in access to management, attention to comments) with the amount of political participation exists between subjective factors (ethnicity, respect for the elite, and respect for elders) there is a significant correlation with the level of political participation. The research hypotheses were also examined by adding the role of gender variable and ethnicity. As a result, the relationship between objective and subjective components with the amount of political participation has a significant relationship. Manuscript profile -
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31 - Subject Sensitive Invariantism and Epistemic Contextualism
احمدرضا همتی مقدمEpistemic contextualism is a view in epistemology that the semanticcontents of knowledge-attributing sentences vary relative to thecontexts of knowledge attributers. Traditionally, epistemologists regardthe semantic content of knowledge sentences as invariable acrosscon MoreEpistemic contextualism is a view in epistemology that the semanticcontents of knowledge-attributing sentences vary relative to thecontexts of knowledge attributers. Traditionally, epistemologists regardthe semantic content of knowledge sentences as invariable acrosscontexts. This traditional prevailing view is famous to “invariantism.”According to Subjective sensitive invariantism (SSI), the truthconditions of knowledge attributers are constant in different contexts,but truth values of them vary relative to the contexts of knowledgeattributers. Recently, Stephen Shaffer, a proponent of epistemiccontextualism, has criticized SSI. In this article, after defending of SSIin contrast of Shaffer’s arguments, I argue his arguments are unsound. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
32 - M. Alcoff’s Feminist Epistemology
مریم رواییRecently feminist epistemology became a specific domain and in whichare privileged certain research programs and some various orientationsin them. M. Alcoff is a feminist epistemologist who has focused oncontinental philosophy, feminism, politics, race-theory, and sexua MoreRecently feminist epistemology became a specific domain and in whichare privileged certain research programs and some various orientationsin them. M. Alcoff is a feminist epistemologist who has focused oncontinental philosophy, feminism, politics, race-theory, and sexuality.Considering relation between knowledge and its historical-socialcontext is special remark of her works and researches. In many of herwritings, specially, Real Knowing, she maintains, in contrast withpoststructuralists and pragmatists, that “truth” is a concept nonseparableof, referential to, and dependent on content. She also arguesfor “normative subjectivity” as a fundamental, context-dependent, andnon-universal, idea. Completion of an ontological, coherent account oftruth-theory is her ambitious claim. Phenomenology and hermeneuticsmake up her philosophic method for that ambition and her critique oftraditional issues as well. It seems to her that phenomenology let us tosee how every idea relates to some experience and hermeneuticsteaches us to consider the influence of historical-cultural context incomprehending it. Manuscript profile -
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33 - Husserl on Consciousness of Internal Time
فاطمه راثیThe phenomenology of time attempts to investigate how is constitutedthe internal time consciousness. In fact phenomenology of timeconsciousnessconcerns itself with the structure of the act of perceivingthat allows us to apprehend a temporal object as unified across itsm MoreThe phenomenology of time attempts to investigate how is constitutedthe internal time consciousness. In fact phenomenology of timeconsciousnessconcerns itself with the structure of the act of perceivingthat allows us to apprehend a temporal object as unified across itsmanifold moments. In this approach time is no longer the measure ofmotion, the psychological characters of soul and even thetranscendental presuppositions of cognition. Husserl distinguishes threelevels of time for our consideration: (1) world[ly] or objective time; (2)personalistic or subjective time; and (3) the consciousness of internaltime. According to Husserl our experience of temporal objects consistsof three aspects: 1. protention, 2. retention and 3. primal impression.Protention is a process by which anticipations are formed concerningwhat will shortly be experienced (in primal impression). 2- Retention isa process by which something that is experienced-as-present remains inconsciousness and sinks back. 3- Primal impression which is thecomponent of consciousness that is narrowly directed toward the nowphase of the object. The primal impression cannot be thoughtindependently of its temporal horizon. Thus all experience entails atemporal horizon. This article attempt to explain Husserl's account oftime-consciousness. Manuscript profile -
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34 - Intersubjectivity in Life World of Husserl’s Phenomenology
فهد حیاویTranscendental Ego is the principle of principles that philosophizationof great philosophers such as Husserl has been based upon it. Husserl,too, as a follower of Descartes meditations and philosophy withattemption in intentionality of transcendental ego accepts it as t MoreTranscendental Ego is the principle of principles that philosophizationof great philosophers such as Husserl has been based upon it. Husserl,too, as a follower of Descartes meditations and philosophy withattemption in intentionality of transcendental ego accepts it as the baseof principles of philosophization and declares himself as a NewCartesian. In this study, the author develops an original reading of theCartesian Meditation. This text, far from giving rise to a“Transcendental solipsism”, leads to a constitution of intersubjectivityon various levels (“primordial”, “Intersubjective” et “Objective”). In itscenter, a “Phenomenological Construction” operates, i.e. amethodological piece that masters the genetic approach ofintersubjectivity. Closely following the “almost mathematical” rigourof this crucial text of Husserl’s phenomenology, in this way equallytackles the issue of the constitution of the experience of the other andthe truly intersubjective structure of transcendental subjectivity. Thisstudy concludes with the metaphysical results of the analysis of theexperience of the other. Manuscript profile -
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35 - Avistotle, Ibn-Sina, and Spinoza on “Substance”: A Comparative Study
مهدی اسعدی سید مرتضی طباطباییAristotle and Spinoza are two stream making Philosophers in thehistory of philosophy, and both has chosen the matter of substance astheir philosophical subject. The root of many disputes on a huge part ofwest philosophy can be obtained through comparing the characterist MoreAristotle and Spinoza are two stream making Philosophers in thehistory of philosophy, and both has chosen the matter of substance astheir philosophical subject. The root of many disputes on a huge part ofwest philosophy can be obtained through comparing the characteristicsof the sub from their point of view. This is notable that thesephilosophers has some similarities in defining the substance, but theyget far from each other in defining the characteristics and instances ofsubstance. The article's first step to examining Aristotle's viewpoint intwo books of Arganon and Metaphysics, and analayzing Spinoza,stheory in book of Ethics. However, looking toward the meaning ofsubstance in the Avecina's custom context and expression, and hisinnovation can also help for better understanding of substance throughMashaism's views. The researchers scale for analyzing has been theamount of consistency of substance definition with the other parts ofphilosophical system. With examining the following the conclusionwould be that Spinoza's definition bears more logical stability andprovides a more solid system. Manuscript profile -
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36 - Classical Interpretation of Probability and its Problems: Philosophical – Historical approach
Mansour Besharati AghdamThe subject of this article is about Classical Interpretation ofProbability and its Problems. For centuries, Classical Probability wasthe only prevalent approach in Probability theory. Because of someProblems and paradoxes in this theory, new interpretations wereintrodu MoreThe subject of this article is about Classical Interpretation ofProbability and its Problems. For centuries, Classical Probability wasthe only prevalent approach in Probability theory. Because of someProblems and paradoxes in this theory, new interpretations wereintroduced by Philosophers and thinkers in the beginning of 20thcentury. In this article, we introduce the classical interpretation ofprobability from Philosophical–Historical approach and review itsproblems. We also review the frequency interpretation, logicalinterpretation and subjective interpretation as alternatives for classicalinterpretation. Manuscript profile -
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37 - The Possibility of Philosophizing in Science Ara from Jasper's View
Ali Reza AbbasiThe meaning and significance of science sometimes has been somisunderstood that it has been considered either as the only way ofauthentic knowledge and so being respected greatly, or has beendeprived of any attention and so being cursed. This phenomenon wasspecially pre MoreThe meaning and significance of science sometimes has been somisunderstood that it has been considered either as the only way ofauthentic knowledge and so being respected greatly, or has beendeprived of any attention and so being cursed. This phenomenon wasspecially prevalent during early decades of the twentieth century in theWest.This article aims at studying the meaning, status and dominance ofscience in some fields such as psychiatry, cosmology andanthropology. It shows that science is not perfect in providing a verycomprehensive pattern for recognition in these fields. This weaknesswhich originates from the limitations found in the essence of science, isa result of this fact that science, according to its definition andempirical method, is unable to recognize all the possible data.Scientific Psychiatry, by emphasizing only on its empirical method,will end up to physiology, because psychiatry only insists on theobjective symptoms of a diseases regardless to the fact thatpsychological disease are mostly rooted in (human) personality andsubgectivity of a person.Aslo in anthropology which is based on science, the true meaning ofhuman being is missed in its numerous appearances.So, through philosophical criticizing of the science and determining itstrue meaning, it will be possible to find the meaning, importance andpossibility of philosophizing and it's intercommunication with scienceduring a period which is known as science era Manuscript profile -
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38 - Conceptual Analysis of the Subject of Metaphysics in Suhrawardi's Hikmat al-Ishraq
Mahmud Hedayatafza Zeynab BostaniThe subject of metaphysics, which was introduced in Greek philosophy, and especially in Aristotle's books, was expanded into the works of Muslim thinkers after being translated into Arabic. Most of them chose the most famous subject for the first teacher, that is, &ldqu MoreThe subject of metaphysics, which was introduced in Greek philosophy, and especially in Aristotle's books, was expanded into the works of Muslim thinkers after being translated into Arabic. Most of them chose the most famous subject for the first teacher, that is, “existing in terms of existence”, sometimes under the influence of other words from Aristotle, “the object” and sometimes because of their religious tendencies, considered “obligatory existence” as the subject of philosophy. The present research is responsible for Hakim Sohrawardi's innovative view on this issue. The authors' method of discussion is a combination of historical description, analysis and comparison. Sohrawardi, in his works in the Peripatetic style, seems to have accepted Ibn Sina's view, preferring the title “existing in terms of existence” to other topics in philosophy in Peripatetic literature, and only in some places, the word “existence” in terms of its original meaning. Replaces “existing”. But in the book Hikmat al-Ishraq, we encounter a new conceptual system in which the “object” as the most obvious concept takes the place of existence and existence, and regardless of any constraints, is considered the subject of Enlightenment metaphysics. Sohrawardi from the beginning divides the object into light and darkness, and after that, other concepts of illuminated wisdom are formed. One of the important results of this approach is the denial of the validity of darkness and the rejection of the idea of the similarity of light, despite the fact that the commentators of the book Hikmat al-Ishraq have not properly. Manuscript profile -
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39 - Measuring quality of life of Afghan immigrants in Iran mental approach (Case study: Firoozabad village)
Hossein Hataminejad Yaghob Abdali Ehsan AlipouriThe concept of the quality of time is a new subject which is considered by researchers and Collegiates specially in Iran. The quality of life has two main approaches: objective and subjective. In this research the quality of urban life with objective approach with consi MoreThe concept of the quality of time is a new subject which is considered by researchers and Collegiates specially in Iran. The quality of life has two main approaches: objective and subjective. In this research the quality of urban life with objective approach with considering cultural- social, economical, Skeletal- enviromental and envriomental approaches, is considered and the research methodology is descriptive analysis. The findings of Inventory field is analyzed with SPPS software with the help of average and single sample Statistical t tests, single sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and multi variable linear regression. The results of single sample t tests shows that the conditions of the quality of the refugees’s life in Firoozabad village in Rey city is low and is evaluated less than the averaged limit. The results showed that planning for social and economical indexs is very effective for improving the quality of refugee’ s life in Firoozabad village in Rey city. Manuscript profile -
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40 - Urban quality of life as human development indicatores: Dimensions, elements
Asadollah Naghdi Hiedar BabaeiIntroduction and Objective:The central concept in studies measuring the quality of urban life and the quality fulfill the material and spiritual needs of citizens in the two indices of subjective (qualitative) and objective (slightly) in different areas of (social, econ MoreIntroduction and Objective:The central concept in studies measuring the quality of urban life and the quality fulfill the material and spiritual needs of citizens in the two indices of subjective (qualitative) and objective (slightly) in different areas of (social, economic, political and environmental) is . Studies in this regard from 1930 by specialists with urban issues. This initially in developed countries and developing countries expanded. The main objective of this paper dimensions, elements and models to measure and also Comparison of objective and subjective parameters and Hamedan, Iran is one of the provincial capitals in the West. Given the long history of the city of Hamadan and the selection of the city as the capital of Iranian history and civilization, the city has been selected as the geography of the study. Method:This method is survey and the results indicate the importance of both subjective and objective quality of life in urban planning. The population of the households in the city of Hamedan, which in this instance were selected among 380 households. First, Hamadan to collect information for cluster relatively homogeneous neighborhoods divide, and then the next step after determining spikes and blocks using random sampling, the sample was selected. The localities were selected from among clusters of four persons. Results and conclusions: On the contrary Initial results showed no significant relationship between objective and subjective quality of life in the city is with satisfaction. Meanwhile other aspects of subjective quality of life is preferred. Manuscript profile -
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41 - Reviewing the conformity and updating persian subject headings in comparison with the titles of persian books published in 1384 -1388 on Iranian N.L.D
Zahra Abazari Saeideh PalizvaniPurpose: To evaluate the conformity of subject headings for the books published in Persian with those of the Database of National Library of Iran from 1384 to 1388. Methodlogy: The research data randomly selected from the bibliography of the Database of National Library MorePurpose: To evaluate the conformity of subject headings for the books published in Persian with those of the Database of National Library of Iran from 1384 to 1388. Methodlogy: The research data randomly selected from the bibliography of the Database of National Library of Iran. After sampling, the samples totaled 2493 titles which was determinded as the stratified Dewey Classification. The statistical population was 278237 titles in 1384-1388. Because of the main work was based on the ten classified subjects of Dewey Classification, the references of the “see”, “see also” and “see under”were calculated for the determination of the conformity scale of titles and subjects.. Findings: There was conformity about 99.9 percent between the titles and subjects selected from the Persian Subject Headings. Also, there was conformity in 1 percent of the total books surveyed through references of “see under” and 0.5 percent through “see” and 0.3 through “see also” references with the titles of the books. Conclusion: According to the research findings, there are conformity of 100 percent in the classifications of social science, language, pure science, practical science, arts and entertainments, literature, history, geography and the related sciences. .Also, Religion 99/ 8 percent, generalities 99/6 percent, philosophy and psychology 99/2 percent, benefit the highest level of conformity with the titles and subjects of books of which three titles of books, that is, one title related to religion, one title to generalities, one title to philosophy and Psychology, had no conformity with the assigned subjects. Manuscript profile -
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42 - Studying the role of Persian Subject Headings in retrieving the children information resources from the Perspective of Librarians of Hamadan Province public libraries
Saeid Latifi Atefeh zarei Saeed GhaffariPurpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the role of subject headings librarians in public libraries of the province hamedan­'s resource recovery based on three components: the reader needs, unity subject of language issues. Methodology: The research metho MorePurpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the role of subject headings librarians in public libraries of the province hamedan­'s resource recovery based on three components: the reader needs, unity subject of language issues. Methodology: The research method and survey method is applied. The questionnaire is self-made. The study population consisted of 40 public librarian’s province that holds the Knowledge and Information Science. For data analysis, descriptive statistics, frequency distribution, mean and standard deviation were used numerical indicators, to test the research hypotheses, one sample t-test and Kolmogorov-Smirnov Z was used and Cronbach's alpha 0/987. This questionnaire librarians in 3 specialization of subject headings principles include the need for the reader, the assessment of the unity of subject and language issues. Findings: The findings indicate that the subject headings, thematic unity (3/29) and language issues with (2/80) and need reader (2/79), the highest average and role in their children's recovery resources. Conclusion: The results showed that the hypothesis of the role of subject headings in children is very low recovery and use of its resources in this resource According to understanding the baby's bottom with positive feedback Manuscript profile -
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43 - Identifying the Most Important Criteria Affecting Landscape Visual Quality
Sepideh Saeidi Marjan Mohammadzadeh Abdolrassoul Salmanmahiny Seyed Hamed MirkarimiBackground and Objective: In general, landscape studies, conducted based on aesthetic criteria, do not seek to determine the aesthetic value but seek to extract aesthetic preferences of users. These studies have been performed in two different approaches. The first appr MoreBackground and Objective: In general, landscape studies, conducted based on aesthetic criteria, do not seek to determine the aesthetic value but seek to extract aesthetic preferences of users. These studies have been performed in two different approaches. The first approach is based on measurable objective criteria and surveying the interaction between these criteria and the second one is based on recognition of the conceptual criteria from the point of observers view. The aim of this study is to identify the most important criteria affecting the landscape visual quality. Method: In this study, objective and subjective criteria of Ziarat basin, where is one of the tourism poles of Golestan province, were prioritized from the point of aesthetic value using the second approach. A questionnaire was developed and distributed among 100 visitors. Data obtained from the questionnaires were analyzed by SPSS software and the criteria were prioritized using ordinal classification. Results: From total of 23 objective and subjective criteria which were surveyed in this study, the first 5 criteria with the highest score were: pristine area, cleanliness of environment, waterfall visibility, visibility of diverse point and color diversity of a landscape. These 5 criteria could be introduced as the most effective criteria on scenic value of the study area. Conclusion: The subjective criteria introduced in this study could be used as a perfect series of effective criteria which affect the perception of visitors in the other regions too; however, selection of objective criteria for evaluating the visual quality would be different according to geographical location, climatic and topographic characteristics of the area. Manuscript profile -
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44 - Evaluation of Outdoor Recreation Capacity and Recreational Demand in Morineh Forest Park in Noorabad City-Lorestan Province
Masoumeh Mansouri Zahra Havasi Abdalani Ziaedin Badehian Mohamad javad AziziBackground and Objective: Development of tourism in preserved areas has many advantages both for the management of the related areas and tourists. Therefore, determining suitable areas for development of tourism in preserved areas and forest parks is highly important fo MoreBackground and Objective: Development of tourism in preserved areas has many advantages both for the management of the related areas and tourists. Therefore, determining suitable areas for development of tourism in preserved areas and forest parks is highly important for sustainable exploitation of natural resources. The present study aims to evaluate the potential for ecotourism in Morineh forest promenade in Lorestan province by using analytical hierarchy process (AHP) and geographical information system (GIS). Methods: First, the most important and effective criteria and sub-criteria for evaluating the potential for recreation in the study area were determined. Then, by using Delphi method, some questionnaires were designed and distributed among the related experts. The weight of criterion in each questionnaire was calculated and the average weights were estimated. In the next step, the final weight for each criterion and sub-criterion was calculated. Then, the required maps for the evaluation were provided in GIS environment. Finally, with the help of Weighted Linear Combination technique, the final potential map for the ecotourism development in the region was provided. Results: The results shows that 21.04% of the study area has a high potential and 22.52% has a good potential for ecotourism. In addition, 28.7% has an average potential and 27.72% has a weak potential for ecotourism purposes. Conclusion: Obtaining the detailed information about the importance of Morineh forest park will lead to a higher WTP for the conservation of this ecosystem. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
45 - A Comparative Study of Subject's Situation in Forough and Akhavan Literature with Emphasis on Another Birth and Winter
Mohammad Sharifian Rajab Fakhraeian Hossein Mehrabi BardarIn the field of aesthetics of literary works, a lot of research has been conducted, but these works less has been considered from the perspective of semantics. In the present article, using a descriptive-comparative method and based on library sources, secondary intenti MoreIn the field of aesthetics of literary works, a lot of research has been conducted, but these works less has been considered from the perspective of semantics. In the present article, using a descriptive-comparative method and based on library sources, secondary intentions in the rhetorical application of the subject situation in mentioning or deleting, introducing or not, presenting or delaying and focusing, adjectives and constraints are analyzed based on rhetorical science books. The analysis of "Another Birth" and "Winter" shows that the mention of subject is important to Forough and Akhavan more than its omission, and it seems that in both cases of omission or mention, their goal is often to convey the content in the shortest time with the most emphasis. In presenting and delaying the subject, the presentation of subject is more important than the delay, and he has used the presentation and delay of the subject for the purposes of "placing the subject in the mind of the addressee" and expressing "pain and sorrow." Forough and Akhavan, for more emphasis, introduce subject by adding a name, pronoun or adjective, and have used Nakareh subject less than Maarefa subject. Manuscript profile -
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46 - Iraq’s Aggression against Iran and Kuwait and its Reflection in the Poetry of the Two Countries
Seyed Ebrahim ArmanThe two Muslim countries of Iran and Kuwait have witnessed a pain-ful aggression from the part of Saddam dictatorial regime. Saddam’s attack to Iran leaded to an 8 year imposed war, which is called Persian Gulf 1st War. His attack to Kuwait leaded to invasion of MoreThe two Muslim countries of Iran and Kuwait have witnessed a pain-ful aggression from the part of Saddam dictatorial regime. Saddam’s attack to Iran leaded to an 8 year imposed war, which is called Persian Gulf 1st War. His attack to Kuwait leaded to invasion of the country and finally the greatest war of the contemporary era after 2nd world War, which is called Persian Gulf 2nd War. The bitter events and anti-human-istic crimes of the former Iraqi regime against these two neighbor coun-tries are innumerable. The present study is to probe into the common subject matters of the poetry of the two countries, from a critical and analytical viewpoint and via conducting a comparative analysis of the resistance poetry, which appeared during and after war in the contem-porary literature of Iran and Kuwait. It is hoped that the present study paves the way for comparative investigation of other common fields of the contemporary literature of Iran and Persian Gulf countries, which have a great history of cultural and economic cooperation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
47 - Subject-Verb Agreement in Persian and English
Seyyed Jalil Shaheri LangroudiOne of the errors which is likely to happen in writing, especially in Persian language, is subject-verb agreement. The present article tries to take a comparative look at this issue in Persian and English languages from the editing perspective. One of the errors which is likely to happen in writing, especially in Persian language, is subject-verb agreement. The present article tries to take a comparative look at this issue in Persian and English languages from the editing perspective. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
48 - A Study of the Argumentative Approaches of Allameh Tabatabai and Mostafa Muslem in Finding the Content of Yasin Surah
Ali Hassan Nia Mohsen Khatami Somayyeh SheikhiOne of the topics considered by contemporary Quranic scholars is the theory of "thematic unity of suras" in order to systematically and coherently show Quranic suras in terms of concept and purpose and introduce them as a purposeful independent personality with special MoreOne of the topics considered by contemporary Quranic scholars is the theory of "thematic unity of suras" in order to systematically and coherently show Quranic suras in terms of concept and purpose and introduce them as a purposeful independent personality with special intentions by a wise theologian. Tafsir "Al-Mizan" and "Al-Tafsir Al-Mawzu'i Le Sovar Al-Quran Al-Karim" (Subjective Interpretation for the Verses of Holy Quran) have adopted this method and have registered their name among the believers in this theory. Belief in the theory of "thematic unity of suras", the difference in the intellectual origin and the contemporaneity of both interpreters, are among the cases that reveal the need for a comparative study between these two interpretations; The aim of the present article is to examine his reasoning approaches in highlighting this theory in Yasin Surah and to analyze the similarities, strengths, degree of adaptation and success of interpretations in applying the theory. The results show their focus on paying attention to thematic units in the path of purposefulness. The analysis of the content and general themes of Yasin Surah also draws the thematic basis of the "Three Principles of Belief", which shows the superiority of Allameh Tabatabai's performance in finding the purpose and paying attention to Yasin Surah. Manuscript profile -
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49 - Analyzing the effect of the aesthetic features of the Quran on the purposefulness of the revealed messages
mohammad taherigandomani mohamadreza Hajiesmaili mehdi motiAbstractA detailed understanding and examination of the aesthetic aspects of the Holy Quran has a very surprising and significant effect on the practical application of the concepts of this divine book in such a way that the audience of the Quran with any level of think MoreAbstractA detailed understanding and examination of the aesthetic aspects of the Holy Quran has a very surprising and significant effect on the practical application of the concepts of this divine book in such a way that the audience of the Quran with any level of thinking and understanding can, by making their thoughts as fertile as possible, achieve effects New and attractive to understand the beauty of God's word and benefit from it. Since the work of art is the origin of the artist and the artist is the origin of the work of art, therefore, by using this principle in this research, an attempt was made to process examples of the verses of the Holy Quran as a symbol of artistic creation, common and effective elements. Regarding the aesthetics of the revelation verses, of course, examining the image in terms of context and context and providing the desired meaning, realizes the unity of the artistic image in the unity of the text. At the end, Motaqan theories explain the aesthetic aspects of the Qur'an by looking at the two poles of objectivity and subjectivity and tries to show the aesthetic signs of the Qur'an along with the reflection of the beauty of creation and awakening the sense of the beauty of friendship in its audience. Manuscript profile -
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50 - Subjectivity or Method of the Indications in the Validity of Ijtihad by Looking at Holy Quran and Narrations
Mostafa Rashedi Ahmad Reza Tavakoli Mohammad Ali HeidariThere is a debate among the jurists as to whether the judge's knowledge of the event can have an external effect on his verdict, in the sense that even if he is aware of the event between the two parties in any way, what is valid for him to rule based on it, is only the MoreThere is a debate among the jurists as to whether the judge's knowledge of the event can have an external effect on his verdict, in the sense that even if he is aware of the event between the two parties in any way, what is valid for him to rule based on it, is only the hints appointed by the Sharia which are evidence and confession, or the knowledge of a judge without specific hints has the authority to issue a rule. The result of this debate on the validity of ijtihad or the adequacy may show itself and be useful in terms of its single criteria. Since examination of the hints (evidence and confession) is a completely specialized matter in the field of expertise of a mujtahid, then assuming that indication and evidence are relevant in proving a claim and verdict, then ijtihad is necessary for judgment, and if we can prove evidence and confession are only a way to the truth then the truth is revealed to the judge and the judge can issue a verdict, so ijtihad is not necessary. Manuscript profile -
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51 - A study on Quran's Subjective Classifications
Seyyed Mahdi Lotfi Fatemeh HadianQuran's Subjective classification has an ancient background but a great change has happened in the present era and different classifications have been created. These classifications are dividable into two ones; independent and subjective interpretations. A significant p MoreQuran's Subjective classification has an ancient background but a great change has happened in the present era and different classifications have been created. These classifications are dividable into two ones; independent and subjective interpretations. A significant part of the independent classification is not a complete attempt of Quranic subjects and there is no logical process in its survey. This paper studies the different types of subjective classifications in critical – descriptive method as well as explaining their pathology and finally advises a solution to remove the above-mentioned problems. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
52 - A comprehensive look on an approach in Tafsir Al Mizan
Mohammad Ali Lesani FesharakiInterpretation or Tafsir has a historical record in Islam. Two Shia Tafsirs among those are of significant importance; one is Al Borhan by Al Bahrani and the other is Nour Al Thaghalein by Sheikh Al Havizi. Both interpreters (Mofassers) were familiar and MoreInterpretation or Tafsir has a historical record in Islam. Two Shia Tafsirs among those are of significant importance; one is Al Borhan by Al Bahrani and the other is Nour Al Thaghalein by Sheikh Al Havizi. Both interpreters (Mofassers) were familiar and lived in eleventh century. Their approaches had been stop for about three centuries and then another Shia work appeared; called Tafsir Al Mizan which was written by a great interpreter (Mofasser), Mohammad Hossein Tabatabaei. The present article attempts to study this great writing. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
53 - Subject's precedence in Nahj Al Balaghah sermons
Bakhtiar Mojaz Sardar Aslani Nasrollah ShameliSubject and its attitudes – which precedence and subservience – are the issues of very important in semantics that manifests in different forms such as subject, character and something similar. Subject's rank is precedence; because its reason is the first th MoreSubject and its attitudes – which precedence and subservience – are the issues of very important in semantics that manifests in different forms such as subject, character and something similar. Subject's rank is precedence; because its reason is the first thing comes to mind. Different motivations cause subject's precedence which the present study surveys them by expressive – analytic method in Nahj Al Balaghah sermons. The results of the present study say that Imam Ali had special attention to subjects in his sermons. Thus he does not only mean attempt and specialty; but also encourage, worship, adoration, bow, humility, pray and etc. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
54 - To see the elements of fiction
Hassan Shavandi Azade KArimNovel for purposes of length is the longest kind of story.It has many of persons whichever has traction and particular rection. Navel is one of the kind of prose literature. At first,story for purposes of method was so poor but by passing the time sake relation of the MoreNovel for purposes of length is the longest kind of story.It has many of persons whichever has traction and particular rection. Navel is one of the kind of prose literature. At first,story for purposes of method was so poor but by passing the time sake relation of the Arabs with out of Saudi Arabia peninsula by talk and translatior was advanced. Navel settle life problems and human station on it's duration and under shade of fast progress of civilization Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
55 - Doubt on the subject of crime in Islamic jurisprudence and punishment in 2013
kazem mohebian Nasrin Karimi Ismat al-Sadat Taba al-Taba'iAbstract In this article, we discovered that in the Iranian penal system, the provisions of both the former Islamic Penal Code and the Islamic Penal Code of 1392, introduced the issue of the hesitancy of a murderer between certain or non-deterministic individuals, and t MoreAbstract In this article, we discovered that in the Iranian penal system, the provisions of both the former Islamic Penal Code and the Islamic Penal Code of 1392, introduced the issue of the hesitancy of a murderer between certain or non-deterministic individuals, and that the most difficult stage of crime was the crime It is a trial because the reasons for proving the crime are not always clear and as contradictory as each other; the suspicion created by the crime proving that which perpetrator is the real killer is a glimpse of a detailed science and the science in which it belongs Science has been questioned.In the fall of qisas in cases of doubt in committing a crime, there is a consensus among the jurists, but it is different about the responsibility for paying dividends. The famous comment of the jurists is the payment of the penniless and damnable damn by all the defendants, and some jurists believe that the payment of Diyat by Beit Elmal and some also believe that the payment of Diyat by deceivers is oaths and some also believe in paying Diyat through the lottery . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
56 - The Study of Women’s Subjectivity in Forming Discourse of the Islamic Revolution
shahnaz karimi mehrdad navabakhsh mostafa azkiaThe present study aims to investigate how the women’s subjectivity in the formation of the Islamic revolution discourse based on Laclau and Mouffeʼs theory of discourse. A qualitative and heuristic research method is used. Sampling is based on the theoretical samp MoreThe present study aims to investigate how the women’s subjectivity in the formation of the Islamic revolution discourse based on Laclau and Mouffeʼs theory of discourse. A qualitative and heuristic research method is used. Sampling is based on the theoretical sampling method. The results show that women in the discourse of the Islamic revolution played a strategic and creative role and used various methods to fight. In the subjectivity position, a high degree of correlation is formed among women with different thoughts, attitudes, and social origins. In this situation, women avoid the present conditions and the values governing them and establish an ideal status under the discourse of Islamic revolution. Part of women's subjectivity in the revolutionary fight is related to the revolutionary status of society. One of the most noticeable examples of women active in establishing new discourse is correlated to the development of Hijab among women. The new identity for women not completely different from what was defined before but also it is rethinking and revising about the modern and traditional discourse that is presented based on the new indices. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
57 - The Evental Dialectics of the Subject-Artist and Art in Julian Barnes’ “The Noise of Time” and Bozorge Alavai’s “Cheshmhayash (Her Eyes)”
Masoumeh Bakhtiari Leila Baradaran Jamili Bahman ZaarinjooeeThe present research seeks to demonstrate that Julian Barnes in his “The Noise of Time” (2016) and Bozorge Alavi in “Her Eyes” (1998) have devoted meticulous attention to the emancipatory function of art as a truth generator. Both novelists, obse MoreThe present research seeks to demonstrate that Julian Barnes in his “The Noise of Time” (2016) and Bozorge Alavi in “Her Eyes” (1998) have devoted meticulous attention to the emancipatory function of art as a truth generator. Both novelists, obsessed with the socio-political concerns in their writings, represent the confrontation between the subject and subjugation. The key claim is that these novelists deem militant art as one of the pivotal modes of disagreement with power wherein the subject-artist recognises the evental significance of art via a rupture and in his dialectics of subjectivisation manifests fidelity to this event through and through. Dimitri Shostakovich, the protagonist of “The Noise of Time”, preserves his personal and artistic integrity in struggle with Stalinist power despite the fact that some label him as a traitor. The master painter Makan, the hero of the novel “Her Eyes”, portrays the sufferings of the afflicted peasants oppressed by tyranny and injustice in his art gallery, and ultimately death terminates his militant life in exile. The theoretical basis of this comparative research is interdisciplinary, within a post-Marxist reading, and employs Alain Badiou’s core concepts including conditions, art as truth generator, dialectics, rupture, subject and subjectivisation, and the event. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
58 - A project on language’s surfaces
Nazanin Naderi ahmad zakeri -
Open Access Article
59 - Investigating the Proportion of the Elements of Simile and Metaphor to the Subject in Persian Poetry
leila amiri zahra riahizamin The components of the imagination, especially the Moshabbahonbeh and the Mostaaronmenh, with a vast and unlimited capacity for lexical, semantic, artistic, and literary, play a key role in the structure of the Simile and Metaphor? The present study seeks to More The components of the imagination, especially the Moshabbahonbeh and the Mostaaronmenh, with a vast and unlimited capacity for lexical, semantic, artistic, and literary, play a key role in the structure of the Simile and Metaphor? The present study seeks to investigate how and why elements of imagination are selected in Persian poetry in relation to their subject area,with using qualitative research, analytical-descriptive method, and textual research method. The findings show that in addition to the aesthetic Dimensions , Epice, Lyrice, Mystical and educational of the subject of poetry, it has a significant role in the selection of the imaginary components. It should be noted that in the context of the imagination and the subject matter of the poems, the frequency of applications is often considered. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
60 - The study of the educational dimensions of the poems mentioned in Majalis-e-Sab'a and Fihi-Ma-Fihi; Based on the theory of contrast
vahid rahmani khalili parvin mashhoor hoseyn seyyedy akbar shabanyContrasts that appear on both lexical and semantic levels, one of the most important issues in the field of educational literature. Contrasts that appear on both lexical and semantic levels. It allows the creator of the educational effect to create a comparative space, MoreContrasts that appear on both lexical and semantic levels, one of the most important issues in the field of educational literature. Contrasts that appear on both lexical and semantic levels. It allows the creator of the educational effect to create a comparative space, provide backgrounds to enhance audience understanding and add to the moral aspects of the effect. Among Persian language poem, Rumi relying on lexical and semantic opposites, explaining the main ideas and mystical thoughts we have in our forum and in our conferences and has succeeded in creating an ethical / anti-moral bi-polar rule. In this article, the poems used in these two prose works, Based on the theory of bipartite contrasts and descriptive-analytic methods. The results of the research show that Mowlana, according to his audience, which has often been among low-class people, has used lexical lexical counterbalances; Because it does not require much skill and knowledge to understand it. He is at this level the contrast between the World / This World; Essence / Width; Purity / Hypocrisy; Selfishness; Alertness / Negligence; Self-renewal / Self-esteem; Flexibility / Intolerance. Moreover, Mowlana is in the realm of semantic contradictions such as: Good Deeds / Bad Deeds; Science and Rationale / Ignorance and Irrationality; Trust in God and his Guiding / Lack of Faith in God and his Guidance; the rest of the house / Mortals; Judgments / Oppression with the Audience has Shared it. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
61 - A Study of Forough Farokhzad’s Poems from the Perspective of Lacan’s Theories of “Gaze” and “Mirror Stage”
Saeed Yazdani Haleh CheraghiIn his theory of “mirror stage,” Lacan focuses on the fundamental role played by the mirror image in the development of man’s psyche. He refers to the importance of mirror image in the social and linguistic identity of the individuals. From Lacan&rsquo MoreIn his theory of “mirror stage,” Lacan focuses on the fundamental role played by the mirror image in the development of man’s psyche. He refers to the importance of mirror image in the social and linguistic identity of the individuals. From Lacan’s perspective, man’s “gaze” is superior to that of the woman. Man’s “gaze” deals with the woman as the one who is endowed with a more inferior place than that of the former. The other concept considered in this article is the concept of “gaze,” that has an affiliation with Lacan’s theory of “mirror stage”. The author has made an attempt to study the impact of Lacanian “gaze” and “mirror stage” on Farrokhzad’s poem, using analytical-descriptive method. Since Forough’s poems have romantic characteristics and they reflect her own feelings and thoughts, thus this article can provide an important ground for offering better attitude towards Forough’s poems. The main research questions used in this article is how we can establish a relationship between Lacanian “gaze” and “mirror stage” and Forough’s poems. The results indicate that Forough has intended to challenge an identity ascribed to het by society and literary traditional through her poems; she intended to attain her real self. For the purpose, she could make use of mirror as metaphor, and like many other modern poets, present her feminine subjectivity and identity using “mirror image” and “gaze”. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
62 - The philosophy of divine tests and the traits of those subjected to these tests in Masnavi with an approach to the Holy Quran
tahereh shakerian mehrali yazdanpanah Hossein ParsaiBased on the explicit Quranic text, divine tests are a certain, continuous, and recursive tradition in human life – a perpetual issue that encompasses all creations, even angels and prophets. Tests are varied depending on an individual’s bearing. This has wi MoreBased on the explicit Quranic text, divine tests are a certain, continuous, and recursive tradition in human life – a perpetual issue that encompasses all creations, even angels and prophets. Tests are varied depending on an individual’s bearing. This has widely been reflected in mystic doctrines, especially in Masnavi. The present research aims to answer some questions as to, but not limited to, why many problems emerge in the mortal issues and why some are wealthy but others are deprived. To answer these questions, the author had to adopt a content analysis methodology and qualitative (descriptive-analytical) method to study religious and literary works, especially Masnavi and Roomi’s approach towards the Quran. The findings show that in Roomi’s view, the world is the arena of divine tests with a huge pursuing mission. He believes that disasters lay the ground for consciousness and awareness. A patient human’s attempts will result in evolution and Liqa’ Allah (meeting God). Istidraj is one of the most complicated tests, and belief is the key to victory. Eventually, Allah’s satisfaction is a useful consequence of tests. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
63 - Analysis of Ode Form in Poems of Jarollah Zamakhshari
Hassan Dadkhah Tehrani Kheyrieh Ajrash Gholam Reza Karimifard Zohreh Azari Since the days of ignorance, ode in Arabic literature has been written based on a specified system and poets and critics have used this defined structure as foundation of their works. Arabic ode consists of several parts, each of which is an introduction to the n More Since the days of ignorance, ode in Arabic literature has been written based on a specified system and poets and critics have used this defined structure as foundation of their works. Arabic ode consists of several parts, each of which is an introduction to the next part; first verse of an ode is called matla'. After matla' are placed tashbib (to mention youth affairs) or nasib (soft poetry about women), taxallos (pseudonym) (escape of poet from lyricism to main theme), main theme (praise, glory, whimper, etc.), and maqta' (section) (prayer of approval and desire to immortality for desired person of the poem) respectively. This is the exact criterion which past poets obliged themselves to it and critics make future poets to follow it. Jarollah Zamakhshari is one of the poets that this paper analyzes his adherence to Arabic ode of ignorance period through investigating odes and methods applied in composing prelude, matla', pseudonym (connection of prelude with main purpose of the poem),final part and unity of subject. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
64 - Shams’ Kimia (Fluctuations in the Story Narrated about Shams in Kimia Khatoon)
Gholam Hossein Sharifi Ali Mohammadi Asiabadi Fatemeh Mir Marashi,Kimia Khatoon, a novel written by Ms. Saideh Quds, is among the novels written about the life of Shams. In a short time-five years, from 1383 to1388- it has been republished for twenty times. This may cause hapiness on one side, and concern on the other side MoreKimia Khatoon, a novel written by Ms. Saideh Quds, is among the novels written about the life of Shams. In a short time-five years, from 1383 to1388- it has been republished for twenty times. This may cause hapiness on one side, and concern on the other side. One may get concerned because of the fear of the readers’ dislike of Shams, and, consequently, of Moulana (Rumi)-his disciple- who composed a lot of sonnetrs on him, and of the pure mysticism and prominent legacy of Iranian mysticism, of such works like Masnavi and Shams’ Sonnets. One may fear that this novel can understimate and degrade Persian literature, mysticism, and Iranian mystics, as we have experienced selling a lot of our good things for nothing without replacing them: this happened in a period of time when a lot of people in the West showed great interest in Iran mysticism in general, and Moulana’s (Rumi’s) mysticism in particular; it came to the point that within a few consequtive years Rumi’s poems were among the best-selling books in United States, and in less than a decade, nearly one hundred million copies of his poems have been sold! It seems that Ms. Saideh Quds in the course of the narration of her novel wants to depict Shams’ behavior based on certain psychological factors and the repression of instincts. This paper deals with two points: 1. The author of the novel has in fact narrated the story of Shams’ life based on the contemporary Western schools of psychology. 2. Psychoanalysis is not a proper way to analyse mystical characters, for entering the field of psychoanalysis may cause a lot of issues relating to mysticism to be ignored. Thus, these issues being ignored, one cannot realize many aspects of mystical characters. To this end, this paper tries to study the flunctuations in the narration of Kimia Khatoon and compares them with historical narrative resources such as Managheb Al-Arefin and Resaleye Sepahsalar, and finally examines the reasons of these differences. Manuscript profile -
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65 - The Effect of Subjective Well-being Group Training on the Mental Health of Students of Islamic Azad University of Khorasgan (Isfahan)
roya fallahian asghar aghaei hamid atashpoor azar kazemiThe purpose of this study was to determine the effect of subjective well-being group training on mental health of students of Islamic Azad University Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch. The method of this study was quasi-experimental with pre- and post-test, including one ex MoreThe purpose of this study was to determine the effect of subjective well-being group training on mental health of students of Islamic Azad University Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch. The method of this study was quasi-experimental with pre- and post-test, including one experimental and one control group. The statistical population of this study was students of the University in Fall of 2012 (1391s.c.), from among them in which 40 subjects were selected by available sampling method and assigned randomly to the two groups-control and experimental- each one including 20 subjects. The Symptom Check List (SCL-90-R Derogatis et al., 1973) was used to gather the data. The experimental group received subjective well-being training in 10 sessions (in 5 weeks, 2 sessions per week, each session 90 minutes). The results of multivariable analysis of covariance showed that, except depression, there were significant differences in all other sub-scales of SCL-90-R (Somatization, Obsessive-Compulsive, Interpersonal Sensitivity, Anxiety, Hostility, Phobic Anxiety, Paranoid Ideation, Psychoticism, Global Severity Index ,Positive Symptom Distress Index, Positive Symptom Total ) between the two groups. means of the training group were higher than those of the control group (P < 0.01). These results suggest that training of subjective well-being can be beneficial for students' mental health. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
66 - Effect of Functional Analytic Psychotherapy (FAP) on Quality of Life and self-esteem of Prostitutes: single-subject design
Parvin Mirenayat Mohammadreza Abedi Razieh IzadiThe aim of this research was to study the effect of functional analytic psychotherapy(FAP) on quality of life and self-esteem of prostitutes. Single-subject (A-B design) method was employed to collect the data from 3 baseline and 16 intervention sessions for 45 minutes MoreThe aim of this research was to study the effect of functional analytic psychotherapy(FAP) on quality of life and self-esteem of prostitutes. Single-subject (A-B design) method was employed to collect the data from 3 baseline and 16 intervention sessions for 45 minutes twice a week. Two follow-up sessions were conducted 15 days and one month after the intervention. The statistical populations of this study included all prostitute women in Isfahan city in 2015- 16 that two women were selected by purposeful sampling including a married and a divorced one. Quality of life sf-36 questionnaire (Ware & Sherbourne, 1992) and Coopersmith self-esteem inventory (Coopersmith, 1967) were used to collect data. The findings of this study were analysed based on visual analysis and descriptive statistic indicators. Considering mean, median, trend and PND, the results demonstrated that the intervention was effective on increase of quality of life in both participants and increase of self-esteem in the second participant. Considering low quality of life and self-esteem among female prostitutes using Functional Analytic Psychotherapy to increase their quality of life and self-esteem is recommended. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
67 - The effect of Effort-Reward Imbalance (ERI) On Work-Life Conflict (WLC) with the mediating role of mental well-being (Case: official employees and faculty member of Islamic Azad University of Isfahan(Khorasgan))
sayed saeed navabi mansoureh pourmiriThis study aimed to investigate the effect of perception of effort-reward imbalance (ERI) on Work-Life Conflict (WLC) with the role of subjective well-being mediation. The research is purposeful, applied and descriptive in nature and the statistical population of the st MoreThis study aimed to investigate the effect of perception of effort-reward imbalance (ERI) on Work-Life Conflict (WLC) with the role of subjective well-being mediation. The research is purposeful, applied and descriptive in nature and the statistical population of the study includes all the staff and faculty members of Islamic Azad University of Isfahan (Khorasgan), about 700 people in year 2019 through Krejcie and Morgan (1970) table. 248 people were selected and questionnaires were distributed. Research tools include the reward effort imbalance questionnaire (Sigrist, 2013), the work-family conflict questionnaire (Carlson et al. 2000), and the subjective well-being questionnaire (Keyes et al. 2003). Obtained Data were analyzed using SSPS25 and WARP -PLS6 software. In this paper, one of the internal consistency methods, namely Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to determine the reliability of the questionnaire. The results show that effort-reward imbalance affects the work-family conflict, work-family imbalance affects subjective well-being, and subjective well-being has a mediating role in the relationship between perception of work-family imbalance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
68 - The effect of proactive personality, cognitive abilities and emotional stability on subjective career success: The diating role of self efficacy among female managers of governmental organizations
Roodabeh Bakhtiyari seyedmohammadjavad mousavi nia Marziye Laghaei nasrin arshadiThe purpose of this study was investigating the effect of proactive personality, cognitive abilities and emotional stability on subjective career success through mediating role of self-efficacy. The research method is correlation of structural equation modeling and stat MoreThe purpose of this study was investigating the effect of proactive personality, cognitive abilities and emotional stability on subjective career success through mediating role of self-efficacy. The research method is correlation of structural equation modeling and statistical population was the female managers of governmental organizations in ahvaz that 120 managers were studied by available sampling method. Research tools include careers success questionnaire (Gattiker & Larwood, 1986), proactive personality scale (Seibert et al., 1999), cognitive abilities questionnaire (nejati, 1392), emotional stability taken from Big Five Questionnaire (Caprara et al., 1993) and self-efficacy scale (Sherer et al., 1982). Data analysis was performed by structural equation modeling method. The findings showed that direct effect of proactive personality and self-efficacy on subjective career success and direct effect of proactive personality, cognitive abilities and emotional stability on self-efficacy were significant (p< 0/001). Also the indirect effect of proactive personality, cognitive abilities and emotional stability on subjective career success was significant with the mediating role of self-efficacy (p< 0/001). Based on this, it can be concluded that proactive personality, both directly and through self-efficacy, affects the subjective career success. In addition, cognitive abilities and emotional stability through mediating self-efficacy improve subjective career success. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
69 - Comparison of Perceptions of Effort-Reward Imbalance, Work-Life Conflict and Mental Well-Being between Official Staff and Faculty Members of Islamic Azad University, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch
sayed saeed navabi Mansoureh PourmiriThe aim of this study was to compare perceptions of effort-reward imbalance, work-life conflict and mental well-being. The research was applied in terms of purpose, descriptive and causal-comparative in nature. The statistical population of the study included all offici MoreThe aim of this study was to compare perceptions of effort-reward imbalance, work-life conflict and mental well-being. The research was applied in terms of purpose, descriptive and causal-comparative in nature. The statistical population of the study included all official staff and faculty members of the Islamic Azad University, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch in 2019. Through the Krejcie and Morgan table from this population, a sample of 248 people was selected. The research instruments included the Balance-Reward Effort Questionnaire (Seagrist, 2013), the Work-life conflict Questionnaire (Carlson, Kacmar & Williams, 2000) and the Mental Well-Being Questionnaire (Keyes, Magyar-Mae, 2003). The method of evaluation and analysis of data is done by Spss25 software and the data were analyzed by t-tests. The results showed that the rate of effort-reward imbalance in the faculty (p=2.381) and in the staff (p=2.385) as well as the rate of mental well-being in the faculty (p=2.866) and in the staff (p=2.860) was calculated and these results Was lower than average in both cases. The rate of work-life conflict in faculty (p=3.288) and staff (p=3.348) was estimated to be higher than the average. Also, there is no significant difference in the variables of effort-reward imbalance, work-life conflict and mental well-being between the two groups of formal staff and faculty members. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
70 - An artistic and aesthetic education approach, a subject-based approach or an approach to feeling and meaning
S.Elham Aghaie Abrandabadi Tayebeh Mahrouzadeh Mohsen Imani NaieniIt seems that the critique of negligence in the field of art and aesthetics in the country tends to focus on the training of special artistic activities and its subordinate role in the curriculum for the development of students' artistic talents. Although artistic educa MoreIt seems that the critique of negligence in the field of art and aesthetics in the country tends to focus on the training of special artistic activities and its subordinate role in the curriculum for the development of students' artistic talents. Although artistic education implies certain activities, it seems that aesthetic education seems to have been overlooked as a phrasebook in the educational system of the country. A comprehensive conception of this kind of education in the country's educational system has not been made especially from the Islamic perspective. In this study, Mulla Sadra's philosophical views have come to be the subject of a unanimous approach. The approach of feeling and meaning is based on a linguistic unilateral approach. Therefore, in this research, the necessity of changing the approach of artistic education and aesthetics to the approach of feeling and meaning as the main approach and subject-centered approach is considered as complementary approach. The necessity of changing the approach of artistic education and aesthetics to the approach of feeling and meaning as the main approach and subject-based approach as a complementary approach is explained. The research method is documentary and descriptive-analytical, critical and inferential. Manuscript profile -
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71 - Teachers' knowledge and pedagogical competencies
Ebrahim Esabat Tabari Mohammad norian Kiumars DamsazThis study aimed to study systematically and present a meta-synthesis of researches over the past 20 years on teacher's pedagogic content knowledge (pck) competencies. The approach used in this study included discretional qualitative research synthesis which was fulfill MoreThis study aimed to study systematically and present a meta-synthesis of researches over the past 20 years on teacher's pedagogic content knowledge (pck) competencies. The approach used in this study included discretional qualitative research synthesis which was fulfilled through content analysis and metasynthesis. The researcher reached data saturation level with 43 studies of all the researches on the topic as a statistical population. By extracting the results in terms of semantic units and coding of competencies, 74 codes were generated in the first step and organized in 13 categories through the meta-synthesis method and finally three themes of competencies were obtained. Themes of competencies and categories are1- Theme of prerequisite competencies with five components: general competencies, communication skills, interest in teaching profession, professional development, teacher character. Lessons for teaching, learners 'knowledge and general competence. 3- The theme of performance and evaluation competencies was classified with seven components: student activation, classroom management, learners' knowledge, organization of teaching and learning processes, communication skills and teaching skills. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
72 - Comparison of Trinity in Creation from Ibn Arabi's and Christianity Point of View
alila attar Abdolreza MazaheriAmong mythologists, Ibn Arabi, in his ontology, expresses some sort of Trinity in the creation of God, from which it is possible to explain the phenomenon of the proliferation of unity. Ibn Arabi, in addition to teaching subjects such as the truth of Muhammadyya and lov MoreAmong mythologists, Ibn Arabi, in his ontology, expresses some sort of Trinity in the creation of God, from which it is possible to explain the phenomenon of the proliferation of unity. Ibn Arabi, in addition to teaching subjects such as the truth of Muhammadyya and love, uses logical propositions such as Soghra and Kobra and the middle one to explain creation. Therefore, besides the subject, he can pay attention to one and make half of the creation dependent on his willingness. Knows To illustrate this, it refers to various examples, such as science and the universe. But in the Christian Trinity of Jesus, the agent of human salvation and the spirit of Alcudus is the agent of salvation with nature (Father). However, the belief in the divinity of all three entities in Christianity cannot be combined with Abrahamic monotheism, as it is explicitly rejected in the holy text of the Qur'an and belief in the divinity of Jesus (PBUH) is considered to be disbelief. Manuscript profile -
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73 - خوانش کریستوایی رمان امیلی در نیومون اثر لوسی ماد مونتگمری
Neda Rahimi rad Fatemeh Pourjafariهدف از تحقیق حاضر مطالعه و بررسی جنبه های نمادین و نشانه ای زبان در رمان امیلی در نیومون بر اساس نظریه ژولیا کریستوا می باشد. مونتگمری در این رمان زندگی دختر جوانی به نام امیلی را به تصویر می کشد که در تلاش برای شناخت خویش است. کریستوا بر این باور است که عملکرد زبان گاه Moreهدف از تحقیق حاضر مطالعه و بررسی جنبه های نمادین و نشانه ای زبان در رمان امیلی در نیومون بر اساس نظریه ژولیا کریستوا می باشد. مونتگمری در این رمان زندگی دختر جوانی به نام امیلی را به تصویر می کشد که در تلاش برای شناخت خویش است. کریستوا بر این باور است که عملکرد زبان گاه بصورت بیان خودآگاه و قاعده مند معنا صورت می گیرد که به آن امر نمادین زبان می گویند. اما گاه زبان برای انگیزش احساس و بیان ناخودآگاه بعد عاطفی سوژه به کار می رود که آن را امر نشانه ای نام می نهد. امر نشانه ای بطور مدام به ساختار نمادین معنا نفوذ کرده و نظم منطقی آن را با خلاقیت هایش بر هم می زند. امیلی دارای قوه تخیلی قوی است، قلم زیبایی دارد و نوشتن برایش در حکم طغیان بر علیه دشواری های زندگی است و ارتباط میان ساحت پدرانه زبان و وحدت و آرامش ساحت مادرانه، در فرایند شکل گیری هویت او دخیل می باشند. این پژوهش، با استفاده از تقابل دوگانه نمادین و نشانه ای زبان در نظریه کریستوا، نشان می دهد که چگونه امیلی به ساختن دنیایی درونی و شهودی در برابر جهان نظم مند بیرون به عنوان نوعی مکانیسم دفاعی می پردازد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
74 - بررسی قدرت و هویت در اثر ازدواج بوستونی دیوید مامت
Fatemeh Azizmohammadi Fatemeh Ghiasvand Mojgan Yarahmadiدر این تحقیق قصد داریم به مسائل و موضوعات مربوط به قدرت و آثار جامعه شناختی آن در اثر دیوید مامت تحت عنوان ازدواج بوستونی از دیدگاه میشل فوکو بپردازیم. قدرت در هر جایی جریان داشته یا آنچه بوده که به صورت زنجیره عمل کرده به طوری که قدرت عامل سرکوب نبوده بلکه عامل تولید ب Moreدر این تحقیق قصد داریم به مسائل و موضوعات مربوط به قدرت و آثار جامعه شناختی آن در اثر دیوید مامت تحت عنوان ازدواج بوستونی از دیدگاه میشل فوکو بپردازیم. قدرت در هر جایی جریان داشته یا آنچه بوده که به صورت زنجیره عمل کرده به طوری که قدرت عامل سرکوب نبوده بلکه عامل تولید بوده و لذا از آن به عنوان قدرت زیستی یاد می کنند. چنین هویتی از طریق مناسبات اجتماعی شکل می گیرد که افراد کنترل کمتری روی آنها دارند.در همین راستا محوریت بحث پیرامون همین مفاهیم قدرت،هویت، فردیت و آزادی ارتباطی قرار گرفته است. بنابراین شخصیت های ممت در نظام اجتماعی وفرهنگی خاصی زندگی می کنند که به هویت آنها شکل و حالت می دهند. نتایج تحقیق حاکی از آن است که به چه نحوی ممت دراثرخود دیدگاه های فوکو در رابطه با مسائل جنسی به عنوان ابزار اعمال قدرت زیستی را بکار می گیرد تا افراد را بدین ترتیب تحت کنترل و نظارت قرار بگیرند.تحقیق حاضراین موضوع را نشان می دهد که افراد سعی می کنند با استفاده از روش ها و فنون خود، در برابر قدرت حاکم تا حد زیادی مقاومت کنند. هر چند آزادی ارتباطی آنها در عمل متاثر از عوامل فرهنگی بوده که آنها نیز به نوبه خود در رژیم حقیقت گفتمان حاکم قرار دارند. شخصیت های ممت نه تنها متاثر از هر موجودیت از قبل تعیین شده نبوده بلکه خود محصول همین رژیم حقیقت می باشند. لذا آن کنترل انضباطی که روی جسم و روح آنها صورت می گیرد از یک سو باعث مطیع شدن آنان شده و از سوی دیگر نیز فردیت آنها را بوجود می آورد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
75 - Subjectivity Reduction of Qualitative Approach in Information Security Risk Analysis
Alireza TamjidYamcholo Abbas Toloie Eshlaghy -
Open Access Article
76 - Effectiveness Of Emotions-oriented Therapy on Subjective Well-Being and Socio-Personal Adjustment in Divorced Women
Shima Nasri Keywan Kakabraei Mohammad SharifiThe aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of emotions-oriented therapy on subjective well-being and socio-personal adjustment of divorced women member of Imam Khomeini Relief Foundation of Paveh. From the statistical population, 30 people were selected by MoreThe aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of emotions-oriented therapy on subjective well-being and socio-personal adjustment of divorced women member of Imam Khomeini Relief Foundation of Paveh. From the statistical population, 30 people were selected by convince sampling method and randomly divided into two experimental and control groups. Emotion-focused therapy was performed for 9 sessions of 45 minutes each on the experimental group and control subjects were placed on the waiting list. The research tools were California Social Adjustment (1953) and Life Satisfaction Scale (1985). Multivariate covariance analysis (MANCOVA) was used to analyze the data. The results showed that emotional therapy was effective on mental well-being and individual socio-personal adjustment. The exerted procedure led to increased satisfaction with life, individual adaptability and social adjustment in the experimental group. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
77 - Relationship Of Social Anxiety And Social Support With Subjective Well-Being In Female Students
پرویز Asgari فرح Naderi هدا SharafodinThe aim of this research was to investigate the relationship of social anxiety and social support with subjective well-being in extended education female students of khoozestan Research and Sciences Center. The sample of this research consisted of 207 individuals that w MoreThe aim of this research was to investigate the relationship of social anxiety and social support with subjective well-being in extended education female students of khoozestan Research and Sciences Center. The sample of this research consisted of 207 individuals that were selected based on stratified random sampling from all fmale students of khoozestan Researchs and Sciences Center. Social Anxiety and Social Support of Phillips and life Satisfaction (SWLS) inventories were used for data collecting. The present research was a correlation type and the results of data analysis by using Pearson correlation and multivariable regression at significant level (P < 0.001) showed that there was significant negative relationship between social anxiety and subjective well-being and positive relationship between social support and subjective well-being. Findings also indicated that there were multiple relationships between social anxiety and social support with subjective well-being. Regression analysis revealed that social support was the best predictor of the subjective well-being. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
78 - The effect of social skills training on subjective well-being, health adjustment and family social function of students
reza SouraniThe aim of this research was investigate the effect of social skills training on subjective well-being, health adjustment and social function of students. This study was a quasi-experimental with a pre-test and post-test design and with experimental and control groups. MoreThe aim of this research was investigate the effect of social skills training on subjective well-being, health adjustment and social function of students. This study was a quasi-experimental with a pre-test and post-test design and with experimental and control groups. The population of study was all boy secondary school students in Tehran 5th region in 2016-17 academic years that from them 60 person selected by voluntary sampling method and randomly divided to two equal group. The experimental group trained eight 90-minute sessions to group social skills. Groups completed the questionnaires of subjective well-being (Keyes & Magyar-Moe, 2003), health adjustment (Bell, 1961) and social function (Forsyth & et al, 1999) in the pre-test and post-test steps. Data was analyzed with multivariate analysis of covariance method. The findings showed social skills training led to significant increase subjective well-being, health adjustment and social function of students (P<0/01). Therefore, the results indicate the importance of social skills training in increasing subjective well-being, health adjustment and social function of students. As a result, it is suggested that counselors and therapists use from social skills training method to improve the psychological characteristics of students. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
79 - The effect of group play therapy on impulsive behaviors, social adjustment and subjective well-being of preschool students
Rayhaneh ValiNoghondar Farideh HashemianNejadThe aim of present study was determine the effect of group play therapy on impulsive behaviors, social adjustment and subjective well-being. This research was semi-experimental with pre-test and post-test design with a control group. The research population was preschoo MoreThe aim of present study was determine the effect of group play therapy on impulsive behaviors, social adjustment and subjective well-being. This research was semi-experimental with pre-test and post-test design with a control group. The research population was preschool students of Mashhad city in 2019-20 academic years, which from them 40 people were selected by purposeful sampling method and randomly replaced into two groups. The experimental group received group play therapy for 12 sessions of 45 minutes and the control group didn’t training. To collected data used from the tools of impulsive behaviors scale (Barratt, 1994), social adjustment subscale (Bell, 1961) and subjective well-being questionnaire (Keyes & Magyar-Moe, 2003), which completed by mothers. Data were analyzed by independent t-test and multivariate analysis of covariance method in SPSS-19 software. The Findings showed that in the pre-test stage there was no significant difference between the experimental and control groups in terms of impulsive behaviors, social adjustment and subjective well-being (P>0/05), but in the post-test stage there was significant difference in terms of all three variables (P<0/05). In the other words, group play therapy led to decrease impulsive behaviors and increase social adjustment and subjective well-being of preschool students (P<0/001). Based on the results it is suggest that clinical psychologists and therapists used from group play therapy along with other therapies to improve health and especially decrease impulsive behaviors and increase social adjustment and subjective well-being of preschool students. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
80 - Mediating Role of Resilience in the Relationship between Positive thinking and subjective well-being of diabetic patients
ramin niroomandi Maryam akbari hamzeh ahmadian Abbas Bakhsheepour RoodsariIn the short term, chronic diseases such as diabetes by reducing a person's independence and interaction impair his subjective well-being and cause problems. Positive thinking seems to play an important role in helping these patients. In this regard, the present study c MoreIn the short term, chronic diseases such as diabetes by reducing a person's independence and interaction impair his subjective well-being and cause problems. Positive thinking seems to play an important role in helping these patients. In this regard, the present study conducted to determine the mediating role of resilience in the relationship between Positive thinking and subjective well-being of diabetic patients in Bonab County. This study was a descriptive correlational study using structural equation modeling. The statistical population was all active members of Bonab Diabetes Association in 1397. From this population, 500 people selected by simple random sampling. Data collected with the Rashid Positive Psychotherapy Inventory (2008), the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (2003) and the Warwick Edinburgh Subjective Well-being Questionnaire (2007) and were analyzed using SPSS-v25 and LISREL-v8.8 software by structural equation modeling. The results showed that the direct paths from Positive thinking to Subjective well-being (β=0.27, p < 0.05), Positive thinking to resilience (β=0.83, p < 0.01) and resilience to Subjective well-being (β=0.80, p < 0.01) were statistically significant. Indirectly through resilience, Positive thinking also had a positive and significant effect on Subjective well-being (β=0.83, p < 0.01).Due to limitations most be caution exercised, however it seems useful to pay attention to the Positive thinking model in the treatment plan and counseling of diabetic patients. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
81 - The Relationship between Mental Well-Being, Metacognitive Skills and Ambiguity Tolerance with Creativity in Ahvaz Azad University Students
najme farhadi birgani alireza heidarieAbstract The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between subjective well-being, meta-cognitive skills and tolerance of ambiguity with creativity in Ahwaz Azad University students. This research is descriptive and correlated. The statistical populat MoreAbstract The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between subjective well-being, meta-cognitive skills and tolerance of ambiguity with creativity in Ahwaz Azad University students. This research is descriptive and correlated. The statistical population of this study was all students of Ahwaz Azad University. Samples are randomly categorized among them. The specimen was determined using the Morgan table. Then, through Abedi's inventory questionnaire (1993), a researcher-made questionnaire on cognitive and meta-cognitive skills (Arjomand, (2010), Kayez Subjective Welfare Questionnaire and Magharmo (2003), McLane II Questionnaire (MSTAT-II) McLane (1993) Were studied. The results showed that there is a significant relationship between mental well-being, metacognitive skills and tolerance of ambiguity with creativity in students. Also, the results of regression showed that the prediction of student criminality on the variables of mental well-being, metacognitive skills and tolerance of significant ambiguity.Key words: Subjective well-being - Metacognitive skills - Tolerance of ambiguity-CreativityKey words: Subjective well-being - Metacognitive skills - Tolerance of ambiguity-Creativity Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
82 - A critical review of descriptive verbs
fatemeh taghinezhadThe verb is used in two ways in the Persian language, which is used all the time and contains the person, time and individuals who call it a mere verb and a verb that is without time and person, that is, for all times and all Persons, in one form. The verb and the descr MoreThe verb is used in two ways in the Persian language, which is used all the time and contains the person, time and individuals who call it a mere verb and a verb that is without time and person, that is, for all times and all Persons, in one form. The verb and the descriptive aspect of the Persian grammar have been discussed and a lot of theories have been applied. According to the findings, it is deduced that a structural defect is both an adjective and an adjective attribute, and in a sentence, plays the role of an attribute or a condition of a state that can be applied to verbs with specific verbs, with verbs It will no longer be in the companion sentence, but it will not be substituted and equivalent with all verbs. In this research, we try to examine the significant number of writers in relation to the descriptive aspect, the verb, and the forms that are considered in these two cases, as well as to show how the form of a descriptor becomes a descriptive verb and How does the verb come together with other verbs and whether the comedy is a substitute for a meaning. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
83 - probablity of Social Subjects Represented in Kurdish literature
Hossien MohammadzadehThe goal of this study is assessment of social subject reflexes in Kurdish literature. Kurdish literature divided in two parts: writing and oral. The theoretical framework of study rooted in social literature theory. For This study we choose six books by theoretical sam MoreThe goal of this study is assessment of social subject reflexes in Kurdish literature. Kurdish literature divided in two parts: writing and oral. The theoretical framework of study rooted in social literature theory. For This study we choose six books by theoretical sampling. Results show many social subject’s like: Kurdish social history, social problem and the story of live. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
84 - The relationship between psychological capital and social laziness with the mediating role of subjective well-being
Ali Najafi Behrang EsmailiThe aim of this study was to explain the relationship between psychological capital and social laziness with the mediating role of subjective well-being. The research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive research method. The statistical population included all MoreThe aim of this study was to explain the relationship between psychological capital and social laziness with the mediating role of subjective well-being. The research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive research method. The statistical population included all educational staff in Bojnourd, 120 people, who were selected using Cochran's formula and simple random sampling of 97 people. The research Questionnaires were Lutans et al (2007) Psychological Capital, Hosseini (2008) Social Laziness and Keyes & Magyar-Mae (2003) subjective Well-Being. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data using SPSS 23 and pls software. The results show that the relationship between psychological capital and social laziness was negative and its relationship with subjective well-being was positive. Also, subjective well-being was negatively related to social laziness and the relationship between psychological capital and social laziness was negative; Therefore, it can be said there is a significant relationship between psychological capital and social laziness with the mediating role of subjective well-being in the staff of Bojnourd Education Department Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
85 - The effectiveness of supportive and non-supportive behaviors of coaches on self-efficacy and subjective well-being of Wushu athletes
Amir Karimi atefeh Taemori navid mahtabThe purpose of the present study is to analyze the effectiveness of supportive and non-supportive behaviors of the instructors on the self-efficacy and subjective well-being of wushu athletes.Statistical population of this study includes all wushu athletes of Kurdistan MoreThe purpose of the present study is to analyze the effectiveness of supportive and non-supportive behaviors of the instructors on the self-efficacy and subjective well-being of wushu athletes.Statistical population of this study includes all wushu athletes of Kurdistan Province who participated in national championship at different age ranges in 1399. The data on these athletes was based on the information from Kurdistan wushu sports staffs. According to Krejecie-Morgan table, statistical sample of this study includes 86 athletes who were selected based on simple random sampling. In order to collect data, some questionnaires were used. The validity of these questionnaires was approved by the professors and their reliability and sub-scales were at optimal level at Cronbach's alpha coefficient test. Statistical indicators such as frequency, percent, mean and standard deviation were used in the descriptive analysis of the data. Kolmogrov-Smirnov test, and analysis of variance (ANOVA) –SPSS; version 22-were used in the section of inferential statistics. The result of this study shows that 47.2% of the statistical samples have Associate degrees and 34.8% were in the range of 26 to 30 years old. The result of the referential statistics shows that supportive behaviors of the instructors have effect on the athletes' self-efficacy (96.2 =F, p≤ 0.05) and also their non-supportive behaviors have such result: (59.4 =F, p≤ 0.05). Moreover, supportive behaviors of the instructors have effects on the athletes' subjective well-being (58.3=F, P≤ 0.05). This is also true for the non-supportive behaviors of the instructors on the athletes' subjective well-being(34.10=F,P ≤ 0.05).   Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
86 - Aesthetic reading of the political subject in the everyday movement of Kol-bran Kurd
mahshin siavashpoori mohammadreza tajik HoseinAli NozariThe lack of suitable facilities for life is not only limited to Kurdish areas; Rather, most of Iran's border areas resort to smuggling due to the harsh climatic conditions and proximity to the border. The provinces of Sistan and Baluchistan, Hormozgan, Bushehr and Khuze MoreThe lack of suitable facilities for life is not only limited to Kurdish areas; Rather, most of Iran's border areas resort to smuggling due to the harsh climatic conditions and proximity to the border. The provinces of Sistan and Baluchistan, Hormozgan, Bushehr and Khuzestan also have almost the same conditions as the Kurdish provinces of the country. In recent years, we can see that the hard life of Kurdish Kolbaran has been discussed and investigated by intellectuals and sociologists more than other border regions. It seems that Col-Bran have been able to present a new image of themselves to the people.This idea has not only forced the officials to answer to them, but it has also managed to arouse the sympathy of the people and the officials in their favor. Every exceptional phenomenon is formed based on reasons. In this article, I would like to answer this question with an aesthetic reading, what important phenomenon happened that raised the status of Kolubran in people's minds as a myth and made talking about them gray. For this purpose, the theoretical and methodological model of Jacques Rancière has been used. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
87 - The Survey Effectiveness of Narrative Therapy on Work-Family Enrichment and Subjective Well-being of Female Employees of the University of Isfahan
Marziyeh MalekihaPurpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of the narrative therapy (NT) on increasing work-family enrichment and subjective well-being of of female employees of the University of Isfahan. Methodology: The research design was semi experim MorePurpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of the narrative therapy (NT) on increasing work-family enrichment and subjective well-being of of female employees of the University of Isfahan. Methodology: The research design was semi experimental with pre- and post-test and control group and random assignment. The research population included all female employees of the University of Isfahan at 2021 that from this population 30 person have been selected by available sampleing and have been placed randomly between expeimental and control group each with 15msmber. The subjects filled out work-family enrichment qouestionnaire (Greenhous & Powell, 2006) and adults subjective well-being scale (Keyes & Magyar-Mae, 2003). Then, the treatment group received 11, 90-min weekly sessions of NT (Whote & Epson, 1985) enriched with compassion while the control group received any intervention. The data were analyzed using analysis of covariance and via statistical package for social sciences version 23. Findings: The results of Analysis of Covariance showed that NT has effected on increasing work-family enrichment and family –work enrichment (p<0/05). Also, results of this study showed that narrative therapy has been effective in increasing the level of subjective well-being in three emotional, social and psychological dimensions (p<0/05). Conclusion: According to the the findings of this study, it can be concluded that narrative therapy can be used as one of the interventions in the field of creating a positive spillover between the two roles of work and family and enhancing subjective well-being in employee women. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
88 - Identification and Investigation of the Status of the Cultural Policy-Making Pattern’s Indicators Based on Islamic Management Philosophy in District Eight’s Payam-e-Noor Universities
Fatemeh Shahabi Nejad Hamdollah Manzari Tavakoli Mohammad Jalal Kamali Sanjar Salajegheh Hamid Reza Molaei -
Open Access Article
89 - Pattern of Managing the Challenges of Thesis Writing in the Educational-Research Field
Abbas Zabihifard MahboubeSadat Fadavi Narges Saeidian -
Open Access Article
90 - Ritualistic Evidence from Naive Concept Forms to Conceptualizations with Indicator and Criterion
Hekmat Allah MollasalehiArchaeology of Rituals is hanging between ordinary language and abstract theoretic terminology. Can archaeology of Rituals, from theoretical point of view, avoid ordinary languages? As we know, language of rituals is an etic category that refers to set activities "enthu MoreArchaeology of Rituals is hanging between ordinary language and abstract theoretic terminology. Can archaeology of Rituals, from theoretical point of view, avoid ordinary languages? As we know, language of rituals is an etic category that refers to set activities "enthusiasm-laden" and intertwined with multiplex aspects of social life of people. Theoretical languages, as well, have their own structure and defined terminological character. Inadequacy, muteness, fossilized, static and materiality of archaeological data also provoke other controversies to academic and systematic study of Archaeology of lost and passed Rituals and Religions. This article deals briefly with some of the sharpest differences between ordinary and academic or theoretic languages and controversies involving Archaeology of lost Rituals and past Religions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
91 - Evaluating Quality of Life in a Different Social Setting (Case Study: Magsudiyeh District, MollaZeynal District, and Roshdiyeh District in Tabriz, Iran)
Aynaz Samadi Ahari Dariush Sattarzadeh -
Open Access Article
92 - Spatial Analysis of The Indexes of Life Quality Using a Multi-Criteria Decision Making Approach (A Case Study of Abhar Municipal Regions)
Mohsen Ahadnejhad Vahid Yarigholi Mohammad Javad Norozi -
Open Access Article
93 - Analysing the Effects of Environmental Recognition on Enhancing the Hidden Natural Landscape of Tajrish River-Valley and its Sociability
Ali Asghar Adibi parichehr goodarzi -
Open Access Article
94 - Transfer of the International Subject of the Contract in Iranian and British Law
Mohamad Mahdi Kazemi Moghdam Tayeb Afsharnia Mohamad Taghi RezaeiThis study examines the transfer of the international subject matter of the contract in Iranian and British law. The method used in this research is descriptive and comparative and a documentary approach has been used to collect information. One of the most important is MoreThis study examines the transfer of the international subject matter of the contract in Iranian and British law. The method used in this research is descriptive and comparative and a documentary approach has been used to collect information. One of the most important issues in private law that is considered is the transfer of the subject of the contract. The transfer of the subject of the contract causes the contracting party to leave the legal relationship and another person, called the deputy, to take his place. In such a situation, the contract remains, and the only change that occurs is a foreign replacement in the position of the contracting party. The results indicate that Iranian law, in addition to identifying the forced and consequential transfer of the contract, not only has the necessary capabilities and tools to confirm the voluntary transfer of the contract, but also has a comparative advantage over British law due to its acceptance of the institution of debt transfer. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
95 - The Analysis of Political Thoughts Based on Ideologization from Constitutional Revolution to Islamic Revolution
morteza badri kamal pouladi AliAshraf NazariThe origin of political thought in Iran is constitutional revolution period. Political thought in Iran was difference with critical rationality and methodic thought. Main characters of thought was based on spatial definition from ideology witch was a set of regular idea MoreThe origin of political thought in Iran is constitutional revolution period. Political thought in Iran was difference with critical rationality and methodic thought. Main characters of thought was based on spatial definition from ideology witch was a set of regular idea and ideals with stressed on its fixed element. Identical problem in current political thought was emphasize on circular time and retrospective element for macro issues resolution. Identity of this problem is as main question of research and irregular subjectivity of thinkers and political organizations is as research hypothesis. In this thinking method, mass mobilization in facet of quantity and no qualify for substantial changes in political and social arena consider as main principals. In current research, cognition and emphasize on non-unique pattern in political thought by classic ideologies perception considering as goal. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
96 - Collaborative and Team Teaching in ESP Contexts
Simindokht Vakilidousta Ramin Rahmani -
Open Access Article
97 - The relationship between input modification and listening comprehension among intermediate Iranian EFL learners
Zahra Yousefi -
Open Access Article
98 - Iranian EFL learners’ knowledge of overt pronoun constraint in English
Samaneh Afrazi Kalvir Ramin Rahmany -
Open Access Article
99 - The Effects of Upgrade Integrity and Subjective Norms on Willingness to Purchase of Counterfeit Products
Saeed Jalalian Bahram KheyriThis research investigates the factors influencing the willingness to purchase counterfeit products in Universities of QAZVIN city. Based on a survey of 415 students whose Data were collected using a proportional stratified sampling method, confirmatory factor analysis MoreThis research investigates the factors influencing the willingness to purchase counterfeit products in Universities of QAZVIN city. Based on a survey of 415 students whose Data were collected using a proportional stratified sampling method, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used for testing and confirming mine model. Findings show the subjective impact on willingness to purchase counterfeit products indirectly. Also, attitude toward counterfeit products mediate between personal factors and willingness to purchase counterfeit products. This research has examined both personality factors based on theory of planned behavior in a country of Asia. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
100 - Effects of the Soil-Foundation-Structure Interaction on the Component Demand Modifier Factor of Concrete Gravity Beams based on ASCE 41-06 Standard
A Azarbakht E Rajabi -
Open Access Article
101 - The Effectiveness of Perma Seligman Education on Mental Well-Being, Quality And Orientation of Single Mother Life
Aida Jalaie peyman yousefzadeh Bita BahramiThe present study aimed at investigating the effectiveness of training PERMA Model of Seligman on subjective well-being, quality and orientation of life in single mothers. The research methodology was applied in terms of purpose and quasi-experimental in terms of data c MoreThe present study aimed at investigating the effectiveness of training PERMA Model of Seligman on subjective well-being, quality and orientation of life in single mothers. The research methodology was applied in terms of purpose and quasi-experimental in terms of data collection, employing pretest-posttest design with control and experimental groups. The statistical population of the study consisted of all female heads of household (a single mother who is in charge of the family following a divorce) in district 5 of the city of Tehran in the year 2020-2021. The sample consisted of 36 single mothers who were selected through convenience sampling and were randomly assigned into two groups of experimental (n=18) and control (n=18). The research instruments included the Subjective Wellbeing Scale (Kiz & Magiarmo, 2003), World Health Organization Quality of Life- BREF Questionnaire (1994), and Life Orientation Test-Revised (Shearer and Carver, 1994). The subjects in the experimental group underwent the PERMA Model training program for 10 sessions of 90 minutes while the control group did not receive any training. Data analysis was performed using covariance test and SPSS software. The results of the study showed that PERMA Model training is effective on subjective well-being, quality of life and orientation of life in single mothers (P<0/01). Therefore, it can be inferred that the PERMA Model training enhances single mother’s subjective well-being (F=4,89, P<0/01), improves their quality of life (F=4,56, P<0/01) and life orientation (F=6,36, P<0/01). Therefore, according to the Above mentioned results results, it can be concluded that Perma exercises have been effective on these components by emphasizing and focusing on the five components of positive emotions, engagement, meaning, positive relationships and accomplishment. Conflict of interest: The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest regarding the publication of this manuscript. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
102 - The death of the Modern subject in Postmodern age and its impact on understanding the assembly pattern in the sociology of art
Soodeh Eshghi Seyed Mostafa Mokhtabad Amrai mohammadreza sharfizadeThe death of the Modern subject in Postmodern age and its impact on understanding the assembly pattern in the sociology of artAbstractThe post-Nietzschean crisis in the West caused the subject to decline from its concept in the modern period. Also, due to the emergence MoreThe death of the Modern subject in Postmodern age and its impact on understanding the assembly pattern in the sociology of artAbstractThe post-Nietzschean crisis in the West caused the subject to decline from its concept in the modern period. Also, due to the emergence of poststructuralist discourses in postmodernism, relativism and uncertainty replaced concepts that were once measured with objectivity and certainty. But art forms, assembled images that are created by combining and reconstructing different realities, aim of the present study is to investigate the postmodernist crisis in the subject and to explain its relationship with a visual understanding of the assembly pattern in sociology from an artistic perspective. Therefore documented data are analyzed with a qualitative approach and descriptive-analytical method and based on the available variables. To include; Achieve these important findings that concepts such as humor, irony and pluralism of meanings in the creation of postmodernist atmosphere create multifaceted images that depict the decline of the subject from its transcendent position. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
103 - Changes to the lawsuit regarding the validity of the judgment are judged
Ali Omrani Hasan Pashazadeh Esmaeil SaghiriIn this article, we want to study the impact of the change in the dispute on the validity of the validity of the judgment given. In this regard, we are confronted with the question that the change in the direction of the dispute applies to the change in the direction of MoreIn this article, we want to study the impact of the change in the dispute on the validity of the validity of the judgment given. In this regard, we are confronted with the question that the change in the direction of the dispute applies to the change in the direction of the verdict, or whether it is necessary to change the subject of the dispute so that we can make a change in the course of the dispute and, consequently, in the absence of the truth of the validity of the judgment. The majority of writers consider the legal description of the court to be necessary for the realization of the concept, and most of the disagreement over the possibility of redefining the subject's thematic and the possibility of filing a claim is merely a change in description. After studying the concept of credit, the judgment is judged and judicial decisions are subject to this rule and relying on this thinking based on the fact that the lawsuits are subject to the subject realization and not to the point, the existence of the ruling is also ruled out, with caution We have come to the conclusion that changing the direction of the dispute will not be true by changing the direction of the verdict but by changing the direction of the matter. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
104 - بررسی منابع انگیزه معلمان زبان خارجی در ایران
سید محمد علوی زهره مهماندوستاین مطالعه با هدف بررسی منابع انگیزه در معلمان زبانهای خارجی در مدارس دولتی و موسسات خصوصی زبان انگلیسی ایرانی انجام پذیرفته است. برای دستیابی به اهداف این تحقیق پرسشنامه ای تحت عنوان ال تی ام اس بر اساس تحقیقات علمی مرتبط طراحی گردید. این پرسشنامه هفت منبع انگیزه از جم Moreاین مطالعه با هدف بررسی منابع انگیزه در معلمان زبانهای خارجی در مدارس دولتی و موسسات خصوصی زبان انگلیسی ایرانی انجام پذیرفته است. برای دستیابی به اهداف این تحقیق پرسشنامه ای تحت عنوان ال تی ام اس بر اساس تحقیقات علمی مرتبط طراحی گردید. این پرسشنامه هفت منبع انگیزه از جمله عوامل انگیزه اقتصادی، اجتماعی، احساسی، اموزشی، عوامل درونی بشر دوستانه و موضوعی را مورد بررسی قرار داده است. پرسشنامه پس از ازمایش و اعتبارسنجی بر روی 200 نفر ازگروههای معلمان زبانهای خارجی زن و مرد که بر اساس جنسیت سن وضعیت تاهل تحصیلات دانشگاهی وضعیت شغلی و سالهای تجربه تدریس تقسیم بندی شده بودند، اجرا شد. نتایج تحلیلهای اماری پارامتریک یک سلسله مراتب از منابع انگیزه های معلمان را نشان داد که در بین گروههای مختلف معلمان برحسب تجربه تدریس و سطح تحصیلات یکسان نبود. این مطالعه به دست اندرکاران عرصه اموزش پیشنهاد می کند که توجه بیشتری به منابع انگیزه های معلمان در جهت بهبود بخشیدن کیفیت اموزش زبان انگلیسی داشته باشند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
105 - بررسی نیازهای دانشجویان درس زبان عمومی در دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی همدان از دیدگاه خودشان
علی غلامی مهردادمقاله ی حاضر گزارشی است از نتایج تحلیل نیازها که بر روی گروهی 52 نفره از دانشجویان زبان انگلیسی در دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد همدان به عمل آمده است و در آن پرسشنامهای با 32 سؤال برگرفته از کاوالیوسکین[1] و یوزپالین[2](2003)، آیوای و همکاران[3](1999) و سید هاوس[4](1994) به Moreمقاله ی حاضر گزارشی است از نتایج تحلیل نیازها که بر روی گروهی 52 نفره از دانشجویان زبان انگلیسی در دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد همدان به عمل آمده است و در آن پرسشنامهای با 32 سؤال برگرفته از کاوالیوسکین[1] و یوزپالین[2](2003)، آیوای و همکاران[3](1999) و سید هاوس[4](1994) به منظور بررسی برداشت شخصی دانشجویان از خصوصیات یک دوره ی آموزش زبان انگلیسی موفق مورد استفاده قرار گرفته است. نتایج تجزیه تحلیل داده ها به لزوم تغییر سرفصل درس از جهات مختلف اشاره دارد. [1]. Kavaliauskiene [2].Užpaliene [3].Iwai et. al [4].Seedhouse Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
106 - The Judicial Consideration of Sale of Abandoned Goods by Customs Based on Iranian Law
yasser abdi fakhrodin asghari According to Iran's law and its implementing of regulations concerning the collection and sale of abandoned goods, the maximum time for stoppage of any goods from the date of submission of summary manifest or summons will be four months, and if i More According to Iran's law and its implementing of regulations concerning the collection and sale of abandoned goods, the maximum time for stoppage of any goods from the date of submission of summary manifest or summons will be four months, and if in that period, the owner of the goods does not carry out customs formalities and his duties the goods will be considered abandoned. After being abandoned goods, the Customs should comply with a series of ritual for the benefit of the owner. If after doing the formalities required by customs, the owner of the goods does not attempt to take over the goods, the item will be sold as specified by the Customs Regulations (Arts. 22 and 24 of the Custom Code).This article explains the legal rules according to which the sale of goods is justified. Is it possible to justify the Customs act by rule of abandonment or other basis? The authors after asking the above question and after reviewing different approaches concluded that the mere lack of reference by owner to the customs is not considered abandonment and does not give raise the extinction of ownership. But it is possible to say that the legal basis for selling the abandoned goods by Customs is subjective implied condition. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
107 - The ruling on trade of Thesis from the perspective of Imami jurisprudence and Iranian law
Seyedeh Fateme Tabatabaee Faezeh SolaymaniporToday, the issue of buying and selling Thesis has spread consequences on the country's education system. Therefore, in order to solve this problem, it is necessary to collect the opinions of contemporary Jurisconsult regarding the trade of the Thesis, its obligatory sen MoreToday, the issue of buying and selling Thesis has spread consequences on the country's education system. Therefore, in order to solve this problem, it is necessary to collect the opinions of contemporary Jurisconsult regarding the trade of the Thesis, its obligatory sentence and its conditional Sentence, and its position in the subject law of Iran. In this article, by descriptive-analytical method, the results indicate that according to contemporary jurists, if according to the regulations, writing a Thesis is one of the duties of a student, it is not permissible to assign and write it for another and earning money from it. According to the verses and hadiths indicate the obligation to follow the law, the obligation of justice and fairness, the sanctity of donating sin, the sanctity of lying and the sanctity of wasting the rights of others, and the rational arguments of the obligation to maintain the system and the sanctity of disrupting it and fraud, Since it is one of the examples of transactions, therefore, the example of acquiring property is invalid, so it is also haram to seize the trade property and earn income. In Iranian law, the legislature criminalizes this under the heading of fraud Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
108 - Feasibility Study of Limit Execution in Internet Theft
Ahmad MoradkhaniCyber theft as a new type of theft has been developed in cyberspace in recent decades. And this indicates the non-deterrence of existing laws, one of the most important factors in the weakness of the laws related to cyber theft is the knowledge of its nature and the i MoreCyber theft as a new type of theft has been developed in cyberspace in recent decades. And this indicates the non-deterrence of existing laws, one of the most important factors in the weakness of the laws related to cyber theft is the knowledge of its nature and the incorrect interpretation and explanation of the Islamic Penal Code according to Article 12 of the Computer Crimes Law. And this is while cyber theft is not much different from physical theft in terms of substance and conditions and elements of the crime. The present article uses descriptive and analytical methods of jurisprudential arguments and existing laws in the position of feasibility of enforcing the limit in cyber theft. And the answer to the question is whether the definition and conditions stated about physical theft in jurisprudence and law are applicable to computer theft? What are the reasons for those who believe that it is ta'zir? Is the condition of blasphemy and taking property in computer theft applicable? Finally, by rejecting the reasons for those who believe that it is ta'zir and presenting a reason for the full compliance of the conditions, the extent of cyber theft has been proven. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
109 - The Use of Istishab in Civil Law Distinguished by its Different Types
Abbas Arab Khazaeli Ali Reza Asgari Ahamd MoradkhaniThe subsidiary religious laws, in the sacred Islamic law, are extracted and inferred using the book (Quran), tradition, consensus (among Fokaha) and wisdom. However, it is very general in nature and no more specific details had been set from the beginning. The great muj MoreThe subsidiary religious laws, in the sacred Islamic law, are extracted and inferred using the book (Quran), tradition, consensus (among Fokaha) and wisdom. However, it is very general in nature and no more specific details had been set from the beginning. The great mujtahids and scholars of Fiqh embarked upon the problem in order to solve it. Accordingly, Istishab is considered as one of the oft-used principles in this respect. It is where a situation existing previously is presumed to be continuing at present, although there is some doubt, it presumes the continuation of the fact until the contrary is proven. For example: we know that someone was certainly alive in 1971, and was missed in 1991 when his father died. Doubt arises as to whether a man is still alive and can inherit his father's wealth? The previous certainty, in this case, is presumed to be continuing at present that he is known to have been alive. In case of doubt, on the contrary, it is assumed that he is deceased. However, by istishab, the presumption will be that the death is not proven. Because the principle of Istishab, has a privileged position in civil law and Imamieh jurisprudence. The purpose of this study was to analyze the role of Istishab in civil law and Imamieh jurisprudence. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
110 - The Proportion Origin of Subject and Ruling through Inferring Jurisprudential Rulings
Mehri Ghasemi syeed mohamad mehdi ahmadiAn essential principle that constantly implies a two-way relationship between subject and rule is the proportion principle of the subject and commandment that is obtained as a result of mental concentrations and traditions of understanding. The wise legislator, in the p MoreAn essential principle that constantly implies a two-way relationship between subject and rule is the proportion principle of the subject and commandment that is obtained as a result of mental concentrations and traditions of understanding. The wise legislator, in the position of expressing rulings in common and understandable language has expressed its instructions in terms of the proportion of the subject and ruling as a proof and validity of the legislator, has created this capacity for jurisprudential rulings to maintain their effectiveness over time. As a method of inference, this principle has also been considered by jurists. Several articles have been written on the proportion principle. The main question is that are there any reasons that have led to the discussion on the proportion of the subject and ruling? What has happened in our religious literature in the context of time that we have been allowed to enter the discussion of the proportion of the subject and ruling? In this paper, the origin of the proportion of jurisprudential subject or ruling is discussed. The openness of this discussion has been presented in our jurisprudential, principled and sometimes legal assemblies to factors such as the passage of time and the semantic evolution of evidence words of rulings, separation in jurisprudence as an example of "it is up to us to state the principles for you and it is up to you to extract the branches, the presence of clues generating evidence rulings, the existence of a free area in evidence of rulings, especially in governmental political rulings and the accuracy and depth of Shiite jurisprudence through inference. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
111 - Comparison of work stress & subjective well being between Islamic Azad University & Governmental Universities Staffs
Gh.Reza Chalabianloo Behnam TalebiIn order to comparison of work stress & subjective well being between Islamic Azad University & governmental university staffs,300 staffs of Fars province universities selected by random sampling procedure & completed work stress questionnaire of university MoreIn order to comparison of work stress & subjective well being between Islamic Azad University & governmental university staffs,300 staffs of Fars province universities selected by random sampling procedure & completed work stress questionnaire of university staffs & PANAS subjective well being. Data analyzed by t-test & analyze of variance. Results indicated that there are significant differences between groups in work stress scores in favor of Islamic Azad University staffs in sub scales such as current rules, role confusion, relationship with students & financial –welfare. Also Islamic Azad University staffs reported more negative affect & lower life satisfaction. It is necessary that heads of universities will be design evaluating programs for continues evaluation of work stress & work satisfaction & related variables in Islamic Azad University staffs. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
112 - A Feasibility Study on Rationalizing the Government Size Program
Nasser Mirsepassi Jafar BeikzadChange in Iranian administrative system is one the crucial issues. And in the recent years the necessary has drawn a lot of attention. Several actions have been taken and the "State's Septet Plan of the Change" in the Administrative System is a as example. This paper ai MoreChange in Iranian administrative system is one the crucial issues. And in the recent years the necessary has drawn a lot of attention. Several actions have been taken and the "State's Septet Plan of the Change" in the Administrative System is a as example. This paper aims to evaluate the feasibility of one of these programs i.e. the Rationalizing Government Size Program and to identify the factors affecting its execution. In order to do so, the above mentioned program was divided into four programs and the affecting factors were defined based on John Child's power-control theory. According to the quartet factors and the defined indexes of the four programs, a matrix questionnaire was designed and after evaluating its validity and reliability, it was given to the swgects. The results were abridged and after classification they were analyzed using the inferential statistics tests (the single-group t-test and Friedman). The results revealed that the feasibility of the program is below average and the influential authorities in public organizations have the greatest role in leading this program to failure. Next, the heterogeneity of the interests of the decision-makers and the organizations, the dominant coalition and the subjectivity of the individuals' and organizations' decisions are placed successively as the effective factors. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
113 - Investigating the Effect of Emotional Intelligence and Demographic Factors on Job Achievements (Case study: Islamic Azad University Tabriz Branch)
Ali Salman pour Hossein Aliye Mohammadreza Afgham Morteza ShokrzadehPreliminary researche on job path and job progress has been typically in relation with examining demographic and individual factors and job achievement. For example, demographic factors like age and marital status, and individual factors like education and experience we MorePreliminary researche on job path and job progress has been typically in relation with examining demographic and individual factors and job achievement. For example, demographic factors like age and marital status, and individual factors like education and experience were recognized as strong job achievement determinants. Recent experimental evidence also supports that social-demographic features (age, gender) are the basic or strong predictors of job achievement.In this respect, the issue of emotional intelligence has also been recognized as another factor in this field. For this purpose, a questionnaire was used, whose validity and reliability were confirmed. A sample of 100 people from the. Staff of Islamic Azad University of Tabriz was selected, whose objective and subjective job achievements were examined. The results of these examinations were as follows: 1) There is no significant and direct correlation between emotional intelligence and subjective job achievement, 2)There is a significant and direct correlation between emotional intelligence and objective job achievement, 3)There is no significant correlation between age and objective job achievements, 4) There is no significant correlation between age and subjective job achievements, 5)Score difference of objective job achievement based on gender is significant, and 6) Score difference of subjective job achievement based on gender is insignificant. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
114 - رفاه ذهنی و تأثیر اعتماد اجتماعی بر آن (مطالعه موردی جوانان ساکن شهر تهران)
حسین بارگاهی نرگس کبیریاعتماد اجتماعی، جزء اصلی سرمایه­ی اجتماعی محسوب میشود. ایـن مفهـوم تمام جنبههای زندگی بشری را شکل میدهد و مستعد کننده مشارکت و همکاری میان اعضای جامعه است. رفاه ذهنی نیز یکی از جنبههای مهم زندگی بشر است، که به عنوان یکی از مهمترین موضوعات اجتماعی و Moreاعتماد اجتماعی، جزء اصلی سرمایه­ی اجتماعی محسوب میشود. ایـن مفهـوم تمام جنبههای زندگی بشری را شکل میدهد و مستعد کننده مشارکت و همکاری میان اعضای جامعه است. رفاه ذهنی نیز یکی از جنبههای مهم زندگی بشر است، که به عنوان یکی از مهمترین موضوعات اجتماعی و از ابعاد رفاه اجتماعی (شاخص اصلی توسعه) محسوب میشود. از آنجا که نیازهای انسان پیوسته در حال گسترش است دیگر تنها توجه به ابعاد عینی رفاه، راه رسیدن به رفاه اجتماعی نیست، بلکه توجه به نیازهای ذهنی و روانی و ارضاء آنها برای افراد و جامعه نیز مهم هستند. بنابراین از آنجا که رفاه محصولی است که در بستر اعتماد اجتماعی معنا می­یابد؛ هدف پژوهش حاضر نیز مطالعه رفاه ذهنی و تاثیر اعتماد اجتماعی بر آن است. با استفاده از روش پیمایش و با حجم نمونه آماری 381 نفر(که برای دقت بیشتر 400 نفر در نظر گرفته شده است) با ابزار پرسشنامه و با روش نمونه گیری تصادفی خوشهای چند مرحلهای در بین جوانان 20-29 سال ساکن شهر تهران، دادهها جمع­آوری و تجزیه و تحلیل شد. نتایج تحقیق نشان میدهد که بین اعتماد اجتماعی با رفاه ذهنی و شاخصهای شادکامی، احساس امنیت، ترجیحات ارزشی، استحقاق، نیاز و رهایی رابطه مثبت و معناداری وجود دارد. در حالی که بین شاخص مقایسه نسبی (احساس محرومیت) با اعتماد رابطه معکوس و معناداری وجود دارد. همچنین نتایج نشان داد، بیشترین مقدار ضریب همبستگی متعلق به اعتماد اجتماعی و احساس امنیت است. بنابراین هر گونه تغییر و نوسان در متغیر اعتماد اجتماعی، میتواند منجر به تغییر رفاه ذهنی و شاخصهای آن شود Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
115 - Sociological Study of Quality of life of the Youth and its Realization Priorities
Masoud Ganji Reza Ali Mohseni Mansour Sharifi Alireza Kaldi Hassan Malek -
Open Access Article
116 - Prioritization of subjective and objective dimensions of physical and environmental components in quality of life in deteriorated areas, Mesbah District, Karaj, Iran
Media Daneshkar Arasteh Jamaluddin SohailiNowadays according to the current living conditions and various issues and problems in the cities, the quality of life is highly subjected and being noticed by the public and experts. The purpose of this research is to obtain the experts views about the criteria relevan MoreNowadays according to the current living conditions and various issues and problems in the cities, the quality of life is highly subjected and being noticed by the public and experts. The purpose of this research is to obtain the experts views about the criteria relevant to the quality of life includes both physical and environmental criteria in deteriorated area. It is attempted to discuss two criteria affecting quality of life in two subjective and objective dimensions. declining social interactions in urban neighborhoods, Lack of time, decrease in the level of communication between people in the community and the family and Which leads to reduction happiness and vitality among citizens make it necessary to do this research. In the method, two sub-criteria of the two dimensions affecting promotion of the quality of life, are selected That are Including materials, access, light, Landscape, Facilities, facade, identity and meaning, beauty, attractive and vitality. Then, they have been examined in Desired dimensions. 50 samples of urban experts and architects are selected in a survey. The criteria and sub-criteria have also been gathered by a library review. The information have been prioritized by field survey and by questionnaire prepared in a Likert scale with 30 questions. The data have been analyzed by Friedman Test using Excel and SPSS. According to the results of this research, it can be concluded that according to the experts the priority of subjective dimension is higher than that of objective. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
117 - Explaining the Quality of Citizens' Subjective Perception of the Quality of Environmental Elements of Urban Sidewalks Case study: Tabriz Metropolis
Mohammadebrahim RamazaniThis study aimed to investigate the factors affecting the quality of citizens' subjective perception of the quality of green spaces in urban sidewalks to provide suggestions for improving the quality of biological elements by considering the perceptions of citizens. In MoreThis study aimed to investigate the factors affecting the quality of citizens' subjective perception of the quality of green spaces in urban sidewalks to provide suggestions for improving the quality of biological elements by considering the perceptions of citizens. In terms of nature, the present study is a quantitative research and in terms of data collection, it is field research. The statistical population of this study is all pedestrians. Due to the uncertainty of the statistical population, the sampling method was used for an unlimited population, and 380 people were randomly selected. The reliability of the questionnaire using Cronbach's alpha formula 0.884 for Tarbiat, 0.889 for Valiasr and 0.901 was obtained for the Ark. Analysis of research data using factor analysis showed that a total of 34 variables were able to explain 95.66% of the variance of the total variance. The results of the MANOVA test showed that there was a significant difference between the three sidewalks in terms of the quality of subjective perception of environmental elements, and in the meantime, the correlation rate on the Tarbiat sidewalk was higher than Valiasr and Ark. Finally, the results of the regression test showed that in terms of significance, the variables of tree planting and flowering, environmental health, living organisms, water, urban planning, and urban microclimate are in order, respectively. According to the findings of the research, practical research proposals with the focus on arboriculture and floriculture were presented to strengthen the aesthetic and ecological health to observe health of sidewalks. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
118 - تبیین عوامل موثر بر سکونتگاههای انسانی غیررسمی از منظر کیفیت های عینی و ذهنی
shirin shahideh Mohammad Hadi Kaboli Fariborz Dolat Abadi Vahid Shali Aminiتوسعه سکونتگاههای غیررسمی در شهرها و بویژه کلانشهرها، مفهومی از کیفیت را زندگی شهری مطرح میکند که باید مورد توجه و تجدید نظر قرارگیرد. در این راستا، مطالعه حاضر بر روی جوامع غیررسمی تمرکز کرده و به معرفی مولفههای کیفیت مربوط به محیط مصنوع از منظر کیفیتهای عینی و کیفیت Moreتوسعه سکونتگاههای غیررسمی در شهرها و بویژه کلانشهرها، مفهومی از کیفیت را زندگی شهری مطرح میکند که باید مورد توجه و تجدید نظر قرارگیرد. در این راستا، مطالعه حاضر بر روی جوامع غیررسمی تمرکز کرده و به معرفی مولفههای کیفیت مربوط به محیط مصنوع از منظر کیفیتهای عینی و کیفیتهای ذهنی در ارتباط با رضایت ساکنین از سکونتگاه در قالب ویژگیهای کالبدی–فضایی بستر این سکونتگاهها، با نقشی بی بدیل در شکل دهی به نوع زندگی ساکنین، میپردازد. در این پژوهش با تمرکز بر محور اصلی از روش تحقیق کیفی و از راهبرد پیمایشی استفاده شده است که با بهرهگیری از اسناد کتابخانه ای، روشهای تحلیل نظرسنجی و مشاهدات مستقیم از فضا به جمعآوری و تحلیل دادهها پرداخته است. همچنین روش تحلیل سلسلهمراتبی دلفی فازی به منظور ارزیابی نظر متخصصان و نیز تکنیک انتروپی شانون در جهت وزندهی و اولویتبندی نهایی شاخصهای کیفیت بدست آمده از پرسشنامه دلفی استفاده شده است. در بخش مطالعه اسنادی، 33 مولفه کیفی بدست آمده و از منظر "ارتقا کیفیت سکونتگاههای غیررسمی" با روش دلفی ارزیابی شدند. در غربالگری اولیه، 9 مولفه و در ادامه بنا به نظر متخصصین 3 مولفه دیگر از لیست حذف شدند. در نتیجه این مطالعه به 21 مولفه نهایی کیفیت دست یافت که زیر مجموعه دو بعد اصلی کیفیتهای عینی و ذهنی قرارگرفته و سپس در 7 دسته موضوعی طبقهبندی شدند. یافتههای حاصل از تحلیل مولفهها با استفاده از تکنیک شانون نشان میدهد که مولفهها در بعد "رضایت ساکنین" و نیز در دسته موضوعی "امنیت و ایمنی" بیشترین تاثیر را در بالابردن کیفیت سکونتگاههای غیررسمی دارا هستند. همچنین در میان تک شاخصها، "جلوگیری از جرم و جنایت"، "دسترسی و نفوذپذیری" و نیز "تسهیلات و زیرساختها" موثرترین مولفه های لیست بدست آمده در بافتهای غیر رسمی هستند و در نهایت تحلیلها به این نتیجه رسیدند که مولفههای دسته "عملکرد"، کم اثرترین در میان دستههای موضوعی تعریف شده میباشند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
119 - Analyzing the Reasoned Action Theory to Explain the Intention to Use Online Stock Trading among Iranian Investors
S. M. Jalali F. Taherilia E. Nikmanesh -
Open Access Article
120 - Assessment of Livability in Urban Regions Using Planning Techniques (A case of Kermanshah metropolis)
Mehrangiz Mohamadi Abbas MalekHoseiniThe significance of assessing livability lies in its capacity to unveil the economic, social, and environmental characteristics of a region. In this descriptive-analytical research, the focus is on investigating the subjective dimension of livability in Kermanshah metro MoreThe significance of assessing livability lies in its capacity to unveil the economic, social, and environmental characteristics of a region. In this descriptive-analytical research, the focus is on investigating the subjective dimension of livability in Kermanshah metropolis. Employing a survey method based on a questionnaire, the sample size of 384 people was determined using the Cochran method, with samples selected based on the population of each region. After confirming the validity and reliability of the questionnaire, citizens' responses were entered into SPSS21 software to calculate the average of each index in the regions. The indicators were weighted using the Shannon entropy method. Livability status in the urban regions of Kermanshah was then examined using planning techniques such as TOPSIS, VIKOR, and SAW. Given the different ranking results provided by these techniques, the research employed the method of percentage and intensity of changes to identify the most suitable technique for measuring and ranking livability. Results reveal that, according to TOPSIS and VIKOR techniques, livability in most metropolitan regions of Kermanshah is unfavorable, with only region 5 deemed suitable. Conversely, the SAW technique evaluates the livability as favorable. Through the change percentage method, it was determined that the TOPSIS technique is more suitable for ranking and measuring the livability of Kermanshah metropolis. The research concludes with suggestions for enhancing the livability of Kermanshah metropolis. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
121 - Evaluating subjective quality of urban housing based on inner and outer domains (Case Study: Bushehr City)
Fatholah Akbarianfar Zohreh Hadiany Jahangir HeydariExamining living conditions in urban housing is necessary to maintain sustainable management of the cities. This research tries to survey the house of Bushehr citizens in both the inner and outer domains and provide solutions in this area. The Research Method in this pa MoreExamining living conditions in urban housing is necessary to maintain sustainable management of the cities. This research tries to survey the house of Bushehr citizens in both the inner and outer domains and provide solutions in this area. The Research Method in this paper is descriptive-analytical. Data was collected by a survey of 255 households with 5-point Likert scale entered in SPSS software version20. Nonparametric tests of Binomial and Spearman correlation were used to better understand the situation of domains affecting the quality of urban housing. The results indicate that in13 studied components of the two domains; just the qualities of the four components are unfavorable from the viewpoint of citizens and overall, 53% of residents are satisfied with the quality of their housing. It is recommended that according to priority, the quality of the road network, water, gas and recreational facility should be scheduled on the agenda to enhance the quality of Bushehrurban housing and then improvement of the other component of housing quality should be considered. Spearman correlation test results also shows a relationship between age and educational level of residents with some of the dependent variables in both the inner and outer domains. Therefore, it should not be ignored that the individual characteristics of citizens in the urban housing studies and projects are important. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
122 - Functional analysis of Subject and Verb in Theses Abstracts on Applied Linguistics
Sakineh Badrani Seyed Foad Ebrahimi -
Open Access Article
123 - Effect of Psychological Factors on EFL Teachers’ Attitude about Technology Use: Perceived ease of use, trialability, and subjective norms in focus
DOR: 20.1001.1.23223898.2021.9.37.5.3
Somaye Davoodi Leila Akbarpour Ehsan Hadopourkk -
Open Access Article
124 - Multi-Dimensional Approach to Subjective Well-Being: A Case Study: Ilam University Staff
bagher darvishi mehdi omidi fereshteh esmatThe purpose of the paper is surveying multi-dimensional approach to subjective well-bein.by using Van Praag, et al (2003) model. Therefore, satisfaction from life has been modeled as a function of satisfactions in finance, job, health, habitation, leisure, and living en MoreThe purpose of the paper is surveying multi-dimensional approach to subjective well-bein.by using Van Praag, et al (2003) model. Therefore, satisfaction from life has been modeled as a function of satisfactions in finance, job, health, habitation, leisure, and living environment and by COLS method, on the base of data from the questionnaire for a sample including 180 individuals of Ilam university’s faculty members and staff was estimated. The results show that satisfaction with life as a whole for the staff is also a function of finance, health and living environment satisfaction, while it is only a function of financial satisfaction for the faculty members. The results, also, suggest that in various life aspects, lack of satisfaction with life cannot be explained solely by income components. So, it is suggests to protective institutes that prohibit to solely welfare plans and instead of them, provide more comprehensive protective packages. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
125 - The Study of Verbs Inflection in Ghaen Dialect
Sedighesadat Meghdari Khadije AmeliThis study aims to investigate verbs inflection in Ghaen dialect, and doing the same, examines the existence of ergative-absulatlive case marking system in this dialect. The ergative structure is one of the features that has survived in some Iranian dialects (such as Ke MoreThis study aims to investigate verbs inflection in Ghaen dialect, and doing the same, examines the existence of ergative-absulatlive case marking system in this dialect. The ergative structure is one of the features that has survived in some Iranian dialects (such as Kermanji, Taleshi, Tati, Baluchi, etc.) while in others (such as Contemporary Farsi, Central and Southern Kurds, Lori, Mazandaran, Gilaki, etc.), they have lost their role and replaced it with other types of case-marking systems, including nominative-accusative. The research data collection was conducted in the field and in the library method in the city of Ghaen which is located in the southern Khorasan between 33 to 34 degrees north latitude and 38 to 60 degrees east longitude. The data analysis showed that this dialect as one of the Iranian north – eastern ones preserved a feature of semi-ergativity from middle era up to now. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
126 - Points about Current Shirazy Dialect
mehdi famooriAlthough the old shirazy dialect is vanished and substituted by Dari dialect since sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, it has still some signs in the current shirazy dialect. So, although the main differences between the current diatype in shiraz and standard speech di MoreAlthough the old shirazy dialect is vanished and substituted by Dari dialect since sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, it has still some signs in the current shirazy dialect. So, although the main differences between the current diatype in shiraz and standard speech dialect are related to the differences between the accents, this diatype has some special structural patterns and words of its own which means that it has some features of a dialect. Hereupon, in this article, some of the structural patterns of shirazy dialect are studied: present perfect tense, attached subjective pronouns, verb to be(“ast” [=is]). In the current shirazy dialect, the present perfect tense is conjugated completely or in short forms. The important difference between the standard dialect and the shirazy one is in the way of using the auxiliary verbs and their conjugations. The attached subjective pronouns in shirazy dialect are pronounced in two ways, “?eš” and “?ešun”. And verb to be is used in three different ways Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
127 - Speech Coding in Noisy Environments based on Human Auditory System Model
Seyed Iman Abtahi Mohammad Reza Ashouri Rassol Amir FattahiIn this paper, an analysis/synthesis system based on the natural Cochlear model and the human auditory perception properties is presented that is capable of coding the speech signal under harsh acoustic conditions. For this purpose, the corrupted signal is decomposed in MoreIn this paper, an analysis/synthesis system based on the natural Cochlear model and the human auditory perception properties is presented that is capable of coding the speech signal under harsh acoustic conditions. For this purpose, the corrupted signal is decomposed into a number of sub-bands using complex Gammatone filter bank, and the sub-band signals are individually and adaptively denoised. Temporal masking, a combination of a novel non-uniform quantization method and lossless coding algorithms are then applied to reduce the number of coefficients and compression. The proposed system is very robust and effective in dealing with different kinds of noises such as white, colored and periodic noises. Objective and Subjective quality measurements demonstrate significant improvement in the perceptual quality of synthesized speech while considerable reduction in bit-rate to approximately 14.6 Kbps is achieved. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
128 - The effect of entrepreneurial self-efficacy on strategic entrepreneurial intention with the mediating role of mental norms, perceived behavioral control, and attitude towards entrepreneurship; Study case: Saipa company
mojtaba maleki Aliakbar jowkarThe purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of entrepreneurial self-efficacy on strategic entrepreneurial intention with the mediating role of subjective norms, perceived behavioral control and attitude toward entrepreneurship in Saipa Company. The present MoreThe purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of entrepreneurial self-efficacy on strategic entrepreneurial intention with the mediating role of subjective norms, perceived behavioral control and attitude toward entrepreneurship in Saipa Company. The present research is descriptive in terms of purpose, application, and data collection perspective. The statistical population of this research was made up of 436 senior and middle managers of Saipa Company, of which 204 were selected as samples based on Cochran's formula. The content validity of the research has been confirmed by the supervisor. Also, in this research, in order to determine the reliability of the test, Cronbach's alpha method was used using SPSS 24 software. PLS software is also used for data analysis. The findings of this research showed that entrepreneurial self-efficacy is effective on strategic entrepreneurial intention with the mediating role of mental norms. Entrepreneurial self-efficacy is effective on strategic entrepreneurial intention with the mediating role of perceived behavioral control, and entrepreneurial self-efficacy is effective on strategic entrepreneurial intention with the mediating role of entrepreneurial attitude. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
129 - A Study of the Role of Identity in Relationship between Islamic Republic of Iran and the European Union
Gholamreza Karimi محسن کشوریانAbstract The political and economic influence of Islamic Republic of Iran and European Union in world and regional interaction can provide a suitable ground for expansion of cooperation and integration between the two but during the past three decades the relations bet MoreAbstract The political and economic influence of Islamic Republic of Iran and European Union in world and regional interaction can provide a suitable ground for expansion of cooperation and integration between the two but during the past three decades the relations between the two sides not only had great ups and downs but in certain period it had been strained. The purpose of the present article is to examine the role of identity elements that affect the relations of Iran and European Union and also the impact of social and identity element as disintegrative factors in relation between the two. The assumption is that after the Islamic revolution the relations between Islamic Republic of Iran and European Union have been influenced by factors like identity, culture, values, norms and inter-subjective concepts. These influencing factors have led to different outlook and viewpoint towards global problems and pessimistic view towards each other which act as disintegrative factor in bilateral relations. The reason is that the values and norms of Islamic Republic of Iran are derived from Islamic-revolutionary identity which has formed after Islamic revolution. On the other hand the European Union values are based on European identity, liberal Western values and secularism. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
130 - Investigating the relationship between belonging to urban and subjective well-being of Tehran citizens (A study among citizens over 18 years of age in Tehran)
Mina ShirvaniNaghani Afsaneh Edrisi zahra sadat Moshir estekharehThe aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between belonging to the city and the mental well-being of citizens over 18 years of age in Tehran. The theoretical framework of the research is derived from the Higgety and Fitzpatrick approach. The research met MoreThe aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between belonging to the city and the mental well-being of citizens over 18 years of age in Tehran. The theoretical framework of the research is derived from the Higgety and Fitzpatrick approach. The research method is quantitative and "descriptive / analytical". The statistical population of the present study was all citizens over 18 years of age in Tehran, which according to the latest census is 675,000 thousand. ) This number was increased to 400 items. The data collection tool was a questionnaire whose total reliability was calculated to be 0.89. The sampling method was multi-stage cluster. First, the normality of the data was evaluated using Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and after determining the normality of the research data, the relationship between the variables and Pearson correlation coefficient was measured using SPSS 22 software. Findings show that there is a significant and positive relationship between spatial belonging (0.49), emotional belonging (0.24), cognitive belonging (0.46) and practical belonging (0.46) with citizens' mental well-being. Multivariate regression findings show that the social belonging variable explains 0.31 of the changes in the subjective well-being variable. The results of this study indicate that attachments cause people to make rational preferences, make social investments, be sensitive, and thus moderate their negative motivations, resulting in feelings of satisfaction and happiness. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
131 - A Sociological explanation of factors affecting waste recycling using the planned behavior theory in Abadan
Seeroos Ahmadi Ehsan Kohansal-khoob,The increasing production of urban waste is one of the most important problems of cities all over the world. An effective solution in this field is to improve citizens' environmental behavior such as waste recycling. This survey by means of the planned behavior theory, MoreThe increasing production of urban waste is one of the most important problems of cities all over the world. An effective solution in this field is to improve citizens' environmental behavior such as waste recycling. This survey by means of the planned behavior theory, examines the waste recycling and the factors affecting it in the city of Abadan. The research population consisted of people aged 15 and over of which 395 were selected using the multi-stage random sampling method. Research instruments for measuring waste recycling, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control were the researcher-made questionnaires, and to measure environmental attitudes, the New Environmental Paradigm scale prepared by Dunlop et al (2000) was employed. Based on the research findings, the relationship between environmental attitudes and subjective norms with waste recycling is positive and significant. Perceived behavior control in the internal dimension has a positive and significant relationship with waste recycling, but in the external dimension, this relationship is negative and significant. The waste recycling based on the educational groups is significantly different but the waste recycling among men and women, as well as single and married people, does not show a significant difference. Moreover, the results of the multivariate regression analysis showed that the independent variables are able to explain 0.28 of the variance of the dependent variable, among which the environmental attitudes had the largest contribution. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
132 - Analysis of the condition of social livability in Subjective and Objective dimensions (Case study: Tabriz metropolis)
Borhan Veysi nab Fereidoon Babaei AghdamThe importance of assessing livability stems from the fact that it reveals the general economic, social and environmental characteristics of an area and it can also be used as a powerful tool for monitoring urban development planning and designing future policies for th MoreThe importance of assessing livability stems from the fact that it reveals the general economic, social and environmental characteristics of an area and it can also be used as a powerful tool for monitoring urban development planning and designing future policies for the city. Therefore, the present study with a descriptive-analytical approach has sought to examine the social livability condition of Tabriz metropolis in two Subjective and Objective dimensions. In order to measure the mental state of social livability (including 7 indicators and 80 items), first the relevant design questionnaire was designed, after determining the statistical sample in the 10 regions of Tabriz using Cochran's method (384 samples) and confirming the validity and reliability of the information questionnaire. Subjective dimension information collected; also, the last statistical yearbook (2018) of Tabriz has been used to examine the objective dimension (including 25 indicators). To analyze the relevant information, Shannon's entropy method has been used to weigh the indicators and research items and the corrective Morris method has been used to determine the social livability status of regions based on global literature at 5 levels. Finally, GIS software is used to draw maps to better understand the social livability at the regional level. The research findings indicate that in terms of Subjective dimension, region 2 with a social livability score of 89.2 is in an acceptable position and is ranked first. Most region (5 region) are in poor condition and unacceptable. In the objective dimension, none of the regions is in a suitable condition and the 10 studied regions are in an unfavorable and unacceptable situation. Finally, in the combined dimension (both objective and subjective dimensions), region 2 is in a tolerable state, region 3 is in the middle state and other regions (8 regions) are in an unfavorable state. Therefore, the results show that all urban areas of Tabriz need special attention of urban managers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
133 - Investigating the relationship between belonging to urban and subjective well-being of Tehran citizens (A study among citizens over 18 years of age in Tehran)
Mina ShirvaniNaghani Afsaneh Edrisi zahra sadat Moshir estekharehThis study aimed to investigate the relationship between belonging to the city and the mental well-being of citizens over 18 years of age in the city of Tehran. The theoretical framework of the research was provided by the Higgety and Fitzpatrick approach. The res MoreThis study aimed to investigate the relationship between belonging to the city and the mental well-being of citizens over 18 years of age in the city of Tehran. The theoretical framework of the research was provided by the Higgety and Fitzpatrick approach. The research method is quantitative and "descriptive / analytical". The research population consisted of all residents over 18 years of age in Tehran, which according to the latest census is 675,000 thousand. Sample size was estimated to be 385 which was increased to 400 individuals. The data collection tool was a questionnaire whose total reliability was calculated to be 0.89. The sampling method was multi-stage cluster. the normality of the data was evaluated using Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, the relationship between the variables and Pearson correlation coefficients were measured using SPSS 22 software. Findings showed that there was a significant and positive relationship between spatial belonging (0.49), emotional belonging (0.24), cognitive belonging (0.46) and practical belonging (0.46) with citizens' mental well-being. Multivariate regression results showed that the social belonging variable explains 0.31 of the changes in the subjective well-being variable. The results of this study indicated that attachments cause people to make rational preferences, make social investments, be sensitive, and thus moderate their negative motivations, resulting in feelings of satisfaction and happiness. Key terms: sense of belonging, urban subjective well-being, spatial belonging, cognitive belonging, practical belonging. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
134 - A Study of the Didactic Trainings in Mohammad ibn Mahmud Fars' Treatise, Anis al-Tālibeen
Elahe Sadeghi ghorbonali ebrahimi mehrdad Chatraei AzizabadiDidactic prose and poetry are the most widespread and common genre of Persian literature. The treatise of Anis al-Tālibin by Muhammad ibn Mahmud Fars is a literary work replete with the didactic lessons. Being written in the eleventh century AH, this treatise is among t MoreDidactic prose and poetry are the most widespread and common genre of Persian literature. The treatise of Anis al-Tālibin by Muhammad ibn Mahmud Fars is a literary work replete with the didactic lessons. Being written in the eleventh century AH, this treatise is among the valuable Persian moral-doctrinal texts. Nevertheless, it has remained anonymous so far. The treatise contains many didactic and doctrinal themes and meanings that the author has used based upon the context. The authors of this study intend to introduce the treatise of Anis al-Talebin briefly and examine the effect of the moral trainings used in this treatise on the minds of the audience. The results of the research indicate that the author is a knowledgeable person who is familiar with psychological principles and therefore, depending on the situation has used various techniques such as encouragement, persuasion, anecdote and allegory, reasoning, etc. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
135 - Measurement of social sustainability rate in rural areas Using Fuzzy Delphi and Fuzzy TOPSIS techniques (Case study: The rural-ship of PaeenVelayat in Kashmar Township)
elyas chehrazi ali Monazzam esmailpour mehdi ghanei zareThe concept of sustainable development can be mode of balance between the different dimensions of development considered, which aims to satisfy the needs and improve the quality conditions human life. Therefore, in order to achive sustainable development, appropriate ut MoreThe concept of sustainable development can be mode of balance between the different dimensions of development considered, which aims to satisfy the needs and improve the quality conditions human life. Therefore, in order to achive sustainable development, appropriate utilization of resources and the creation relationship balance and equitable between human, society and nature, the ideal aim development planners and managers, particularly rural development is to be considered. Rural population our, affect under trends and policy of recent decades transformations has been widely, but evidences show that rural areas tend to move toward instability – particulary social instability. Accordingly with reviewing theories of sustainable development and social sustainability, we designed a questionnaire in order to measure subjective social sustainability criteria of rural areas which its criteria has been valued using Fuzzy Delphi method and subsequently Fuzzy TOPSIS technique was used in order to analyze the villages over 1000 residents of PaeenVelayat rural district and in order to achieve this goal we distributed 384 samples among mentioned villagers of rural district. The methodology of research is Descriptive-Analytical. Results show that all social sustainability subjective criteria of Kasrineh and ZendehJan are placed in sustainable cluster, but the village AshratAbad zard are placed at least sustainable cluster. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
136 - The evaluation of urban livability in Mashhad metropolis with emphisis on transportation indicator
Mohammad Ghanbari Mohammad Ajze Shokuhi Mohammad Rahim Rahnama Omid Ali KharazmiNowdays, multiple factors affect the livability of a place, of which can note transportion, the presence of people, mixed use, housing, safety and security, sense of belonging, efficiency and the environment. The subject of transportation is potentially a reflection of MoreNowdays, multiple factors affect the livability of a place, of which can note transportion, the presence of people, mixed use, housing, safety and security, sense of belonging, efficiency and the environment. The subject of transportation is potentially a reflection of the importance transport plays in day-to-day life. transportation is necessary for a functioning society as it enables people to access employment, education, food, health and social services, and meet with family and friends. The main goal of this research is the analysis of urban livability with emphasis on transportation indicator in Mashhad metropolis. The research method of this research is practical in terms of goal, and is descriptive – analytical in terms of methodology. By using the GIS Software, maps related to the status of each of objective sub-indicators based on the limits of Mashhad metropolis's zones were drawn. For mental indicator, which includes 6 questions, questionnaire was used for a sample size of 402 persons in all zones of Mashhad. The results of this research show the zone 11 of Mashhad metropolis is the best zone in terms of transportation indicator, followed by zones 1 and 8, respectively. By contrast, zones 6, 5 and 2 had the worst conditions in terms of transportation indicator, respectively. About 54 % of Mashhad's zones are at transportation very unfavorable level with respect to the urban livability. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
137 - Evaluation of Quality of Life Indicators in Rural Areas (Case Study: Poshteh Zilaei Village, Kohgiluyeh & Boyerahmad)
soroush sanaei moghadam bijan rahmani pegah moridsadatTherefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate and evaluate the quality of life indicators in rural areas of Poshteh Zilaeii district. The present research is applied in terms of the nature and method of descriptive-analytic. The statistical population of the study wa MoreTherefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate and evaluate the quality of life indicators in rural areas of Poshteh Zilaeii district. The present research is applied in terms of the nature and method of descriptive-analytic. The statistical population of the study was rural households in the village of Poshteh Zilaeii, Dehdasht County. The district according to 1395 census, has a population of 3450 people, including 690 7 rural households respectively. The number of samples needed to complete the questionnaire has been obtained using the Cochrane formula 220 households. Data gathering method was library and field study (questionnaire). Descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (ANOVA, T-test and Tukey) were used to analyze the data. The results showed that the situation of the villages studied in terms of quality of life in general was inadequate and most of the components did not show a suitable situation that could be due to various factors such as lack of desirable service levels, lack of income sources, etc. The region. Also, among the villages surveyed, the village Mondan with an average (4.75) are in good condition and the village Savarei with medium (3/10) is in the middle level. And two villages of the Gsheh and Ab mahei with average (2.56) and (2.46) in poor level and Del gorg village with an average (2.10) at a very weak level compared with the villages of the village. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
138 - Analysis of The Relationship Between Rural Housing Livability and Villagers Quality of Life (Case study: Zirkooh County, Zirkooh Dehestan)
mohammad golami hamdollah sojasi ghidari Aliakbar AnabestaniQuality of life and its promotion is the most important approach in rural and urban planning. Several factors and can have an impact on the quality of life of villagers, one of them is livability and standard housing. Rural housing as a basic human need, with wide econo MoreQuality of life and its promotion is the most important approach in rural and urban planning. Several factors and can have an impact on the quality of life of villagers, one of them is livability and standard housing. Rural housing as a basic human need, with wide economic, social, cultural, environmental and physical dimensions, has a significant impact on the quality of life and sustainable rural development. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between livability housing and quality of life of villagers in the village of Zirkooh. This study was done by the descriptive-analytic method. The sample size is 313 households that was selected by using the Cochran formula with a 5% error measurement. According to the results, the livability variable with a Pearson statistic of 0.616 with high quality of life has a strong direct correlation. Also, due to the significant level that is less than 0.05, the livability variable has a significant relationship with the quality of life and has the ability to be generalized to the whole society. The effect of livability variable on both objective and subjective dimensions was confirmed but according to the adjusted coefficient of determination for the mental dimension of quality of life is 0.307 and for the objective dimension is 0.328, which indicates that 30.7% of the subjective changes and 32.8% of the objective dimension changes in the dependent villages is livability housing. more effect of the livability housing variable on the objective dimension of quality of life. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
139 - Spatial Analysis of Quality of Life in Rural Settlements (Case Study: Village of Boluran, Lorestan Province)
مجتبی قدیری معصوم هادی قراگزلو سجاد احمدی اکبر لرستانیThe quality of life is a multidimensional concept considered as a substitute for material wellbeing and has been formed as opposed to purely economic approach to development. The quality of life is often measured by using objective indicators or subjective indicators an MoreThe quality of life is a multidimensional concept considered as a substitute for material wellbeing and has been formed as opposed to purely economic approach to development. The quality of life is often measured by using objective indicators or subjective indicators and rarely both indicators. Accordingly, in this article it is tried to determine the quality of life in 10 rural settlements in Boluran rural district and its relationship with the population of villages using a combination of indicators. The present study is based on descriptive–analytical method and it is applied based on the objective of the study. The population under study consisted of villages in the province comprised of more than twenty rural households. The number of samples based on the Cochran formula was 140 households selected by stratified random sampling. Indices of the study according to the objectives of the study and similar studies in this area have been conducted in the four dimensions of economic, social, physical and environmental factors. Analysis of data obtained from the questionnaire was conducted by SPSS software using t-test and analysis of variance. The results indicated the poor conditions of quality of life in the villages of Boluran rural district. Also, the relationship between population and the quality of life is significant at α=0.05 such that with the increase of the population the quality of life also increases. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
140 - simon de bouvar a phnomenological eastathics
شمس الملوک مصطفوی saeide golmohamadiIn today's philosophy, the possibility of harmony, closeness and mixing of different fields, including the field of literature and philosophy, has been provided. The purpose of this article is to examine the phenomenological aesthetics of the works of Simon de Beauvoir, MoreIn today's philosophy, the possibility of harmony, closeness and mixing of different fields, including the field of literature and philosophy, has been provided. The purpose of this article is to examine the phenomenological aesthetics of the works of Simon de Beauvoir, a famous philosopher and writer of the 20th century, and to explain the positive consequences of this creative attitude. In fact, de Beauvoir writes philosophically and in the form of writing a metaphysical novel, he brings literature and philosophy closer to each other. More than a writer, he is an artist who cultivates ideas about art and literature through his thoughtful texts and fiction works. Simon de Beauvoir is not a phenomenologist, but his thoughts have the talent of phenomenological reading, as his attention to intentionality, inter-subjective relationship, individual, experience, other and self-loneliness, has made his works worthy of phenomenological study and research. The present article aims to provide the possibility of such a reading of his works by briefly reviewing the concepts raised in de Beauvoir's works. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
141 - عوامل موثر بر عدم تمایل به کاربرد سموم شیمیایی در گلخانههای صیفی شهرستان بندرعباس (ایران)
مسعود یزدان پناه فاطمه رحیمی فیض آباد خدیجه عباس زادهشواهد نشان داده ­اند کشاورزان در کشورهای درحال توسعه، با وجود هزینه­ های بزرگ زیست­ محیطی، اقتصادی، بهداشتی و اجتماعی مصرف آفت­ کش ­ها، همچنان به استفاده از آن­ها ادامه داده ­اند. به نظر می­ رسد، ریشه این مسئله به تصمیم ­گیری کشاورزان Moreشواهد نشان داده ­اند کشاورزان در کشورهای درحال توسعه، با وجود هزینه­ های بزرگ زیست­ محیطی، اقتصادی، بهداشتی و اجتماعی مصرف آفت­ کش ­ها، همچنان به استفاده از آن­ها ادامه داده ­اند. به نظر می­ رسد، ریشه این مسئله به تصمیم ­گیری کشاورزان مربوط می ­شود. به این ترتیب، برای سیاست­ گذاران درک این مسئله که چگونه کشاورزان در رابطه با این موضوع فکر می­ کنند و رفتار می­ کنند، بسیار مهم و ضروری است. بنابراین، هدف پژوهش حاضر، ارائه شواهد تجربی درباره نگرش و تمایل گلخانهداران در رابطه با عدم مصرف سموم آفتکش در شهرستان بندرعباس بود. به منظور دستیابی به این هدف از تئوری رفتار برنامهریزی شده به عنوان مبانی نظری تحقیق، استفاده شد. این تئوری به منظور درک نگرش و تمایل گلخانه ­داران با استفاده از روش تحقیق پیمایش آزمون شد. نمونه تحقیق، 110 نفر از گلخانه داران شهرستان بندرعباس بودند که براساس روش نمونه گیری تصادفی ساده انتخاب شدند. جمع آوری داده­ ها در این پژوهش با استفاده از پرسشنامه محقق ساخت برای متغیرهای اصلی تئوری انجام شد. اعتبار درونی پرسشنامه و پایایی آن مورد تایید قرار گرفت. نتایج تحقیق نشان داد، تمایل گلخانه داران در رابطه با عدم مصرف سموم آفتکش به طور معنیداری توسط متغیر هنجار اخلاقی و پس از آن به ترتیب توسط متغیرهای هویت خود و نگرش تبیین شد. علاوه بر این یافتهها نشان داد، با افزودن دو متغیر هنجار اخلاقی و هویت خود به تئوری رفتار برنامهریزی شده قدرت پیشبینی تئوری افزایش یافت. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
142 - A fuzzy MCDM model with objective and subjective weights for evaluating service quality in hotel industries
Nima Zoraghi Maghsoud Amiri Golnaz Talebi Mahdi Zowghi -
Open Access Article
143 - The amount of homogeneity of Persian subject headlines with users' social tagging
Masumeh Kazemizadeh amirreza asnafi Salemi NajmehObjective: Studying the relevance of social tags to thematic headings can help enrich resources and make them more accessible to resources. Methodology: The present research is applied-theoretical type and research method . For data gathering Kitabrah website with Persi MoreObjective: Studying the relevance of social tags to thematic headings can help enrich resources and make them more accessible to resources. Methodology: The present research is applied-theoretical type and research method . For data gathering Kitabrah website with Persian subject headings was determined. Results: The exact matching of subject headings with social tags averaged 22 items, the approximate matching of subject headings with social tags averaged 36 items, the relative matching of thematic headings with social tags averaged 36 social items, and the average matching titles did not match the title. The average is 116. The exact matching of subject headings with social labels is the lowest and the most inconsistent. This study showed that the average non-compliance of subject headings with social labels is even higher than the sum of the three types of exact, relative and approximate matching. The relevance of thematic titles to social labels is low. Discussion and conclusion: Current research revealed that the degree of conformity of thematic headings with social labels is low. Therefore, these two methods can complement each other and create a hybrid cataloging that includes subject headings and social tags. The low level of conformity of thematic headings with social tags confirms the results of backgrounds and writings that have compared the social tags of books with the thematic headings of the Library of Congress. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
144 - Understanding the information Seeking behavior among IRINN reporters when preparing News reports
Ghanbar ahmadi Farideh Osareh Mohsen Haji ZeanolabediniObjective: The main purpose of this study is to identify the information behavior of IRINN reporters in finding the subject of reports and using information sources.Methodology: The present study is an analytical survey using a questionnaire on the stat MoreObjective: The main purpose of this study is to identify the information behavior of IRINN reporters in finding the subject of reports and using information sources.Methodology: The present study is an analytical survey using a questionnaire on the statistical population of 60 journalists active in the IRINN in the summer of 1398. The validity and reliability of information measuring instruments were confirmed by the professors of information science and epistemology and its reliability was calculated with Cronbach's alpha coefficient equal to 0.89. Data were analyzed in two sections: descriptive statistics and inferential statistics.Results: The results showed that the components of "slow internet speed (average 4.47)", "correct understanding and clear view of the subject to increase confidence" and "search for information to report" are the most important barriers to accessing information. The component "role of family, relatives, friends, neighbors in determining the news subjects of journalists" with an average of 3.04 has the lowest rate.Conclusion: The results obtained from the study show that factors such as: insufficient information from available sources, ignorance of search methods, unprofessional reporters, limitations of providing attractive news, unpopularity of subjects, tendency to meet the demands of managers Media, lack of use of library and archival resources, lack of field news research, problems of formal and in-service education, lack of diversity and inattention to research are the most important components affecting the correct information behavior of journalists. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
145 - Evaluation of searching environments in online catalogues of Iranian medical universities and presenting guidelines for designing them
alireza rahimi roghaye ghazavi Hakimeh Pasandideh-Khoo nahid mirzaiePurpose: The aim of this research was to determine the weak and strong points of online public access catalogues (OPACs) in library of Iranian medical sciences universities in terms of information retrieval. Methodology: Using descriptive survey 44 OPACs of all medical MorePurpose: The aim of this research was to determine the weak and strong points of online public access catalogues (OPACs) in library of Iranian medical sciences universities in terms of information retrieval. Methodology: Using descriptive survey 44 OPACs of all medical sciences universities were studied by checklist with confirmed reliability (α=0.74) and validity. Collected data were analyzed by SPSS software and descriptive statistics. Finally, some suggestions were presented. Findings: More than 50% of the society had OPAC but it was accessible and searchable only in 20 libraries. The study of possibilities and abilities in OPACs indicated that they are in an acceptable state. Conclusion: Access to search environments is weak. Characteristics and facilities in general search environment and keyword search environment are in good level but these facilities are not considered in controlled search environment. It is necessary for designers, planners and managers to have more attention to provide OPACs in all of libraries, employ web databases standards in the provision of accessing and presenting useful level of possibilities in all types of subject searches (particularly controlled search), and give efficient guidance and education to users in their searches. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
146 - Adaptation of descriptors and keywords of medical thesis of Tehran University of Medical Science to Persian Medical Thesaurus and Medical Subject Headings
Leila Bahadori Nahid BanieghbalObjective: This study aims to access adaption of the Persian and English descriptors and Persian and English keywords used in thesis of Tehran university of medical science with the Persian medical thesaurus and medical subject heading (MESH). Methodology: this r MoreObjective: This study aims to access adaption of the Persian and English descriptors and Persian and English keywords used in thesis of Tehran university of medical science with the Persian medical thesaurus and medical subject heading (MESH). Methodology: this research is a comparative bibliometric survey research .Research community includes of 3433 descriptors used for 302 thesis of Tehran university of medical science from 1385 until 1389. Data is collected by control list and analyzed by SPSS software with chi-square test and p values with significant more than 0.05. Findings: The findings show that adaption in Persian descriptors: 50.1% full match ,4.3% partial match ,32.7% bad match,12.9% not exist in thesaurus. In English descriptors: 99.7% full match, .07% partial match, 0.07% bad match,0 .14% not exist in thesaurus. In Persian keywords: 18.0% full match ,1.9% partial match ,35.7% bad match,44.4% not exist in thesaurus. In English 26.8% full match ,15.4% partial match ,28.8% bad match,29.1% not exist in thesaurus. Conclusion: Adaption in English descriptors is rather than of Persian descriptors but adaption in English and Persian keywords is in low level. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
147 - Developing a pattern for determinants of Attitude and Intention Adoption towards Islamic Financing in Tehran Stock Exchange
Mohammad Reza Radfar Mansoureh AligholiIslamic finance includes all operations, services, as well as transactions that take place in the financial markets and are in accordance with the principles, rules and laws of Islam and the Holy Sharia. This study aimed to develop Determinants of Attitude and Intention MoreIslamic finance includes all operations, services, as well as transactions that take place in the financial markets and are in accordance with the principles, rules and laws of Islam and the Holy Sharia. This study aimed to develop Determinants of Attitude and Intention towards Islamic Financing Adoption in Tehran Stock Exchange. The research was applied based on the purpose and descriptive-survey in terms of method of work. The statistical population of the present study includes investors active in the capital market and familiar with new Islamic financing instruments, especially managers and traders of stock exchange companies. For the mentioned unlimited community, a sample of 384 people was selected by available sampling method and a questionnaire was used to collect research data. After confirming the validity and reliability, the questionnaire was distributed and collected among the statistical population and the obtained data were tested. The results reveal that all determinants of attitude include Knowledge and Awareness, Religion obligation, Cost benefits, Business support & Reputation are significant and the relationship between Attitude, Subjective norms & Perceived Behavioral Control with Intention to adopt Islamic financing was confirmed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
148 - Earnings Management and Ownership Structure: Some Evidences from Companies listed in Tehran Securities Exchange
Seyedeh Mahboobeh Jafari Mahmood Bahramian Reihaneh LarijaniAccording to the agency theory, there exists a conflict of interests between managers and stockholders since their objectives are not necessarily in line. To manage earnings through accounting accrual is an example of managers’ deviation from interests of stockhol MoreAccording to the agency theory, there exists a conflict of interests between managers and stockholders since their objectives are not necessarily in line. To manage earnings through accounting accrual is an example of managers’ deviation from interests of stockholders which could undermine the credibility of financial reports and thereby, jeopardize the interests of stockholders and even disrupt the securities market. The ownership structure can, on the one hand, create incentives to earnings management and, on the other hand, limit it. In this article, it has been attempted to answer the question that whether any difference in the ownership structure or, in any sense of the word, ownership concentration leads to a change in earnings management. To this end, through empirical method and regression model, we have investigated the relationship between ownership concentration and earnings management in some companies registered in Tehran Stock Exchange during the years 2011 and 2012.Our study shows a meaningful and non-linear relationship between earnings management and some criteria of ownership concentration. Most important findings of our study, that could have a great impact on policymaking, suggest a non-linear relation between the percentage of free float shares of a company and the discretionary accruals of that company which could be diagramed as the English letter U upside down. Namely, first, an increase in the percentage of free float shares of a company raises the discretionary accruals. Then, as the free float shares exceeds the maximum level, further increase in this variable would result in a decrease in discretionary accruals. This is the issue that should theoretically be explained. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
149 - تاثیر دانش پیش زمینه ای مترجم بر کیفیت ترجمه
مریم رادفربه خوبی ثابت شده است که دانش، تأثیرات قوی بر درک متن و حافظه دارد. مطالعات کمی در مورد نقش دانش پیش زمینه ای بر کیفیت ترجمه وجود دارد. هدف اصلی پژوهش حاضر بررسی نقش دانش پیش زمینه ای در کیفیت ترجمه نمایشنامه است. برای این منظور، ترجمه های ادبی دو گروه مورد مقایسه قرار گ Moreبه خوبی ثابت شده است که دانش، تأثیرات قوی بر درک متن و حافظه دارد. مطالعات کمی در مورد نقش دانش پیش زمینه ای بر کیفیت ترجمه وجود دارد. هدف اصلی پژوهش حاضر بررسی نقش دانش پیش زمینه ای در کیفیت ترجمه نمایشنامه است. برای این منظور، ترجمه های ادبی دو گروه مورد مقایسه قرار گرفت. در پژوهش حاضر یک گروه آزمایش و یک گروه کنترل وجود داشت. شرکت کنندگان در هر دو گروه 60 نفر از دانشجویان کارشناسی ادبیات انگلیسی دانشگاه فردوسی بودند. از شرکت کنندگان در هر دو گروه یک پیش آزمون گرفته شد. پیش آزمون کیفیت ترجمه را بررسی کرد. بر اساس مدل ارزیابی کیفیت ترجمه فرحزاد (فرحزاد، 1992)، کیفیت ترجمه ها بررسی شد. سپس دانشجویان گروه آزمایش تحت آموزش ویژه قرار گرفتند (فرحزاد، 1992). آنها دانش پیش زمینه ای خوبی از نمایشنامه دشمن مردم بر اساس مدل دانش پیش زمینه ای استرنگمن و هال به دست آوردند (Strangman et al., 2009). آنها نمایشنامه را مطالعه کردند و جنبه های مختلف آن را تحلیل کردند. اما دانشجویان گروه کنترل دانش پیش زمینه ای خود را در مورد متن مبدا بهبود ندادند. آنها هیچ آموزشی دریافت نکردند. پس از پایان آموزش، از دو گروه پس آزمون گرفته شد و از آنها خواسته شد تا متن استخراج شده از نمایشنامه را ترجمه کنند. نتایج پژوهش حاضر نشان می دهد که دسترسی به اطلاعات پیش زمینه ای و دانش موضوعی بر کیفیت ترجمه تأثیر دارد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
150 - Addressing the Dilemma in ESP Teaching: The English Language Teacher or the Subject-matter Specialist?
Masoud Zoghi Shohreh Farsi -
Open Access Article
151 - گفتمان جنسیت و میل در شکل گیری هویت زنانه در رمان های پاپ ژوان و پرتقال تنها میوه نیست
Aylin Haezi Roya Yaghoubi Vida Rahiminezhadتحقیق حاضر به بررسی شیوه تصویرسازی زنان در رمان های پرتقال تنها میوه نیست ژانت وینترسون و پاپ ژوان دانا وولفوک کراس می پردازد و نشان می دهد این نویسندگان چگونه به بازتعریف هویت زنانه و مفهوم فردیت در زنان می پردازند. برای این منظور، از نظریه ایفاگری جودیت باتلر استفاده Moreتحقیق حاضر به بررسی شیوه تصویرسازی زنان در رمان های پرتقال تنها میوه نیست ژانت وینترسون و پاپ ژوان دانا وولفوک کراس می پردازد و نشان می دهد این نویسندگان چگونه به بازتعریف هویت زنانه و مفهوم فردیت در زنان می پردازند. برای این منظور، از نظریه ایفاگری جودیت باتلر استفاده شده است تا تصویر دقیقی از شخصیت های زن این رمان ها مورد تحلیل قرار گیرد. علاوه بر تحلیل دقیق روابط بین جنسیت های مخالف، تخقیق حاضر به بررسی ارتباط بین زنان با دیدگاه های متفاوت از هم می پردازد. این تحقیق نشان می دهد که این دو نویسنده علیه مفهوم مردانگی و روابط زنانه ای که باعث توجیه و تثبیت نقش فرعی زنان و ویژگیهای زنانه می شوند و هویت زنانه مغلوب را شکل می دهند قلم می زنند. با استفاده از نظریه ایفاگری جودیت بانلر، این تحقیق نشان می دهد که این دو نویسنده هویت زنانه متفاوتی از عرف حاکم بر جامعه به تصویر می کشند و مرزهای حاکم بر شخصیت زنانه را کنار می زنند تا هویت تازه ای برای زنان ایجاد کنند که به هیچ وجه سازگار با تصویر زنان در جوامع حاضر نیست. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
152 - Examining the validity of optional obligations in jurisprudence and law
Muhammad Ali Saidi Sayyid Hasan Wahdati Shubayri Ali Reza Omidian Hujjjat PuladinThe issue of obligations is one of the most important and fundamental issues in law. One of the types of commitment to the validity of the subject is optional commitment. An optional obligation is an obligation that consists of two or more issues and the performance of MoreThe issue of obligations is one of the most important and fundamental issues in law. One of the types of commitment to the validity of the subject is optional commitment. An optional obligation is an obligation that consists of two or more issues and the performance of one of the issues is sufficient to fulfill the covenant and causes the acquittal of the obligee. These obligations are recognized in the law of many countries and are very common in their trade. Despite the many benefits of such obligations, such as greater guarantee and ease in implementing the obligation and preventing the dissolution of the obligation, it is not mentioned in the Iranian legal system and has not received much attention among jurists and jurists and only brief discussions in jurisprudence and The rights are stated in this regard. There is also disagreement in jurisprudence and law about the validity of optional obligations, and many have questioned the validity of such an obligation for reasons such as arrogance, uncertainty, and uncertainty, but none seem to These arguments cannot undermine its validity. In the present study, according to the existing principles in Imami jurisprudence and Iranian law, the validity of optional obligations has been investigated. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
153 - The scope and limitations of arbitration in resolving disputes in Iranian law
Yasaman Saeidi Abd A-Reza Jamal Zadeh Ahmad Baqeri Arbitration is one of the most important non-judicial methods that is mostly used in jurisprudential texts. In jurisprudence, it is called arbitration and refers to a technique that takes place outside the tense environment of justice and in a friendly environment More Arbitration is one of the most important non-judicial methods that is mostly used in jurisprudential texts. In jurisprudence, it is called arbitration and refers to a technique that takes place outside the tense environment of justice and in a friendly environment with cooperation, in the presence of an impartial third party, this person or third parties or the companions themselves voluntarily. Or it is mandatory for the court to decide for them, but the important point is that the verdict issued by a third party is binding on the parties. This is the reason why arbitration is so close to judicial and judicial methods. As a rule, not every civil dispute can be referred to arbitration, as well as disputes that are both related to public order and good morals, as well as claims that the legislator has explicitly mentioned, such as bankruptcy, litigation on the principle of marriage, the principle of divorce and Genealogy cannot be referred to arbitration, which we will address in full in this study. The main purpose of writing this study is to analyze the realm of arbitration in order to identify and expedite the resolution of disputes, as well as its legal consolidation in reducing the costs and litigants' referrals to courts and delays. Of course, the study on the field of arbitration showed that due to the many advantages of non-judicial methods, but it also has many shortcomings and limitations that with the adoption of new laws in accordance with legal rules and standards and amending existing laws may be a clear horizon to develop this The institution promises. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
154 - A Study of Rational Metonymy
محمدرضا نجاریان In this article a comprehensive and exclusive definition of rational metonymy is presented. While naming the different types of metonymy, the reason why this type is known as rational metonymy along with its definition, symmetry and accompaniment will also be d More In this article a comprehensive and exclusive definition of rational metonymy is presented. While naming the different types of metonymy, the reason why this type is known as rational metonymy along with its definition, symmetry and accompaniment will also be discussed. First, the meaning of “reason” is examined. Then the role of rational metonymy in different fields of knowledge such as rhetoric, theology, linguistics, interpretation and philosophy is explained, in the course of which the views of the masters such as Sakkaki, Khatib-e-Ghazveini, Gorgani, Zamakhshari, Fakhre Razi, Badvi Tabaneh, Shafiei Kadkani, and Kazzazi are brought up. Afterward, the relativeness of the rational metonymy and its inner and outer symptoms are explained and in the end the critique of Sakkaki’s definition is shown and then Taftazani’s critique of Sakkaki’s views will be analyzed. To further expound on the rational metonymy, some evidence are brought from the Holy Koran, Nahjol-Balaghe, and the Persian and Arabic texts. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
155 - The Mediating Role of Life Management Strategies in the Relationship Between Generativity- Stagnation and Subjective Well-Being in Middle age
bahareh amiri khodamorad momeni kamran yazdanbakhshThe purpose of this study was to identify the mediating role of life management strategies in the relationship between generativity-stagnation with subjective well-being in the middle age period. The research framework was correlation type and the statistical population MoreThe purpose of this study was to identify the mediating role of life management strategies in the relationship between generativity-stagnation with subjective well-being in the middle age period. The research framework was correlation type and the statistical population of the research consisted of all middle-aged citizens of Kermanshah 200 individuals (127 men and 73 women) were selected by voluntary sampling method and responded to four instruments of subjective well-being (Keyes, Shmotkin & Ryff, 2002), Loyola generativity scale) McAdams & de St Aubin, 1992), stagnation scale (Bradley,1997), and life management Strategies scale (Baltes et al.,1999). For data analysis, we used path analysis. The results showed generativity- stagnation has a relationship with subjective well-being through life management strategies. those creators who use life management strategies will enjoy more subjective well-being in middle age. Also, people who experience stagnation in middle age use less management strategies, which reduces subjective well-being. As a result, considering the importance of subjective well-being in the middle-aged, psychologists can take a step towards increasing the quality of this period by relying on the two variables of generativist- stagnation and life management strategies and trying to improve and modify them in the middle-aged and performing interventions and treatments in the society Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
156 - The Big Five Personality Traits and Self Esteem as Predictors of Eudaimonic Well-Being
Mohsen Joshanloo Parviz RastegarThe primary aim of this study was to examine the how much the big five personality traits (Neuroticism, Extraversion, Conscientiousness, Agreeableness, & Openness to Experience) and self-esteem could predict eudaimnonic well-being (happiness). 240 University of Tehr MoreThe primary aim of this study was to examine the how much the big five personality traits (Neuroticism, Extraversion, Conscientiousness, Agreeableness, & Openness to Experience) and self-esteem could predict eudaimnonic well-being (happiness). 240 University of Tehran students (89 males and 151 females) completed the Eduaimonic Well-being Scale (Ryff, 1989), The Big Five Inventory (John & Srivastava, 1999), and the Self-Esteem Scale (Rosenberg, 1979). Results showed that the eudaimonic well-being was significantly predicted by Conscientiousness in the both groups, and by Agreeableness and Extraversion only in males. Self-esteem significantly predicted eudaimonic well-being in both sexes, however, its role was more pronounced in females. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
157 - An Examination of Process Dissociation Procedure(PDP) in Sentence and Action Memory
Reza Kormi-Nouri Ulla-Britt Bramdal Lars-Göran NilssonThe Process Dissociation Procedure (PDP) was used in the present study for two purposes: 1) to measure separately the contribution of automatic and controlled processes in subject-performed tasks (SPT) and verbal tasks (VT). 2) to explore whether SPTs and VTs differ wit MoreThe Process Dissociation Procedure (PDP) was used in the present study for two purposes: 1) to measure separately the contribution of automatic and controlled processes in subject-performed tasks (SPT) and verbal tasks (VT). 2) to explore whether SPTs and VTs differ with respect to automaticity. in Experiment 1, SPTs and VTs were manipulated in two separate exclusion conditions. In Experiment 2, both SPTs and VTs were manipulated simultaneously in one exclusion condition. Furthermore, in Experiment 3, the subjects were not told to remember SPTs and VTs and were not informed about a later memory test. The results of all three experiments, conducted on a total of 45 undergraduate students, revealed that PDP is not a suitable instrument for distinction bet-ween automatic (implicit) and controlled (explicit) process-ing, and not generalizable for different situations or diffe-rent learning materials. The results are discussed with respect to violation of two PDP assumptions (i.e., invari-ance in familiarity and in recollection). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
158 - The Role of Trait Gratitude in Predicting Psychological and Subjective Well-being
Naser Aghababaei Hojatollah Farahanihe purpose of this study was to investigate the role of gratitude in psychological and subjective well-being. Two hundred college students (171 females, 29 males) completed the Ryff’s Psychological Well-being Scales (Ryff, 1989), the Subjective Happiness Scale (Ly Morehe purpose of this study was to investigate the role of gratitude in psychological and subjective well-being. Two hundred college students (171 females, 29 males) completed the Ryff’s Psychological Well-being Scales (Ryff, 1989), the Subjective Happiness Scale (Lyubomirsky & Lepper, 1999), the Satisfaction with Life Scale (Diener, 2009), the Gratitude Questionnaire (McCullough et al., 2002), and the International Personality Item Pool (Goldberg, 1999). Results indicated that gratitude was positively correlated with all factors of psychological well being, subjective well being, and personality (except autonomy and extraversion). The relationship between gratitude and personality demonstrated a distinctive pattern, so that gratitude was strongly correlated with religiosity- and social functioning- related factors (agreeableness and conscientiousness). Gratitude accounted for significant additional variance in environmental mastery, personal growth, self-acceptance, life satisfaction, and happiness after controlling for the personality factors as well. These findings suggested the relationships of gratitude to psychological well-being, subjective well-being, and personality factors, and supported the notion that gratitude had a unique relationship with well-being. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
159 - Are iranian students flourishing?
Masoud Nosratabadi Mohsen Joshanloo Fatemeh Mohammadi Khadijeh ShahmohammadiBased on Keyes' Pattern (2002), mental health is divided into three categories: flourishing, languishing and relatively mentally healthy. This study aimed to explore the pattern in Iranian population. A sample of 424 (226 female, 198 male) students completed The Emotion MoreBased on Keyes' Pattern (2002), mental health is divided into three categories: flourishing, languishing and relatively mentally healthy. This study aimed to explore the pattern in Iranian population. A sample of 424 (226 female, 198 male) students completed The Emotional Well-Being Scale (Keyes, 2002), Psychological Well-Being Scale (Ryff & Keyes, 1995), and Social Well-Being Scale(Keyes, 1998). Findings revealed that about 16% of students were flourishing, 20% were languishing, and 64% were relatively mentally healthy. No gender difference was found in the pattern of mental health. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
160 - Humor styles,subjective well-being,and emotional intelligence in college students
Rostam Alinia Karou-ei Yar Ali Doosti Gholam R. Dehshiri Mohammad H. HeidariA sample of 108 female (age mean= 25, SD= 3.5) and 97 male (age mean= 27, SD= 5.1) students selected by multistage random sampling, responded to the Humor Styles Questionnaires (Martin et al, 2003), Satisfaction with Life Scale (Diener et al, 1985), Positive and Negativ MoreA sample of 108 female (age mean= 25, SD= 3.5) and 97 male (age mean= 27, SD= 5.1) students selected by multistage random sampling, responded to the Humor Styles Questionnaires (Martin et al, 2003), Satisfaction with Life Scale (Diener et al, 1985), Positive and Negative Affect Scale (Mroczek & Kolarz, 1998) and the Emotional Intelligence Scale (Schutte et al, 1998). Results indicated that the affiliative and self-enhancing humor styles were negatively correlated with negative affect, and positively correlated with life satisfaction, positive affect, and emotional intelligence. Aggressive and self-defeating humor styles were positively correlated with negative affect, and negatively correlated with life satisfaction, positive affect, and emotional intelligence. Males used more maladaptive (aggressive and self-defeating) humor styles than did females. Findings emphasize the positive correlation betweenadaptive (affiliative and self-enhancing) humor styles and emotional intelligence and subjective well-being. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
161 - A
Naghmeh Taghva Parviz Azadfallah Fereshteh Mootabi Ebrahim Talaie This study aimed to investigate the subjective well-being of Iranian early adolescent girls from their own points of view using the maximum variance sampling. Participants were from various socio-economical classes, different levels of educational achievement, More This study aimed to investigate the subjective well-being of Iranian early adolescent girls from their own points of view using the maximum variance sampling. Participants were from various socio-economical classes, different levels of educational achievement, and different scores on perceived happiness and life satisfaction. Four methods were used in this study:semi-structured interview (n=10), focus group discussion (3 groups), incomplete sentences (n=140), and narrative writing (n=100).Categorization of the results was done after the processes of open coding, axial coding, and selective coding, with considering trustworthiness criteria. The results indicated that Iranian early adolescent girls described well-being within six categories including relationships, self-concept, individuation, affects, welfare and health, as well as spiritual values and virtues. The findings were discussed based on cultural basis and the positive psychology approach. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
162 - Cognitive -behavioral family therapy for patients with musculoskeletal pain
Mohammad KhoadyarifardThe effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral family therapy in the treatment of patients with psychosomatic musculoskeletal pain was examined. Applying an A-B single-subject design, three patients (two males and one female) with psychosomatic musculoskeletal pain in the ar MoreThe effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral family therapy in the treatment of patients with psychosomatic musculoskeletal pain was examined. Applying an A-B single-subject design, three patients (two males and one female) with psychosomatic musculoskeletal pain in the areas of lower back and neck, referred to a private, psychological clinic, were selected as the sample. Clinical interviews, MMPI and ScL--R tests were done to measure psychological problems. Family therapy was done and post test results showed the effectiveness of cognitivebehavioral family therapy by promoting patients’ skills of problem solving and communication, effective coping and self assertion. Further research is suggested to assess the relative effectiveness of other kinds of therapy techniques such as drug, behavior, and individual and group cognitive therapy. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
163 - Study on stylistic characteristics in first period of Persian poems (Taherid & Safarids)
Siavash Morshedi Mohammad Najjari From the first period of Persian poem – which started from first decades of 9th century and continued to the end of this century – survived just 64 verses (Poets: Hanzley-e Badgheysi, Mohammad bn Wasif-e Sagzi (from Sistan), Bassam-e Kurd, Mohammad bn More From the first period of Persian poem – which started from first decades of 9th century and continued to the end of this century – survived just 64 verses (Poets: Hanzley-e Badgheysi, Mohammad bn Wasif-e Sagzi (from Sistan), Bassam-e Kurd, Mohammad bn Mokhallad, Mahmud bn Warragh, Firuz Mashreghi, Abusolayk-e Gorgani and Shaker-e Bokhari (from Bokhara) which Gilbert Lazard in the oldest scattered Persian poems collected them. In the paper, have presented different definitions of style briefly, and eventually analyzed in the epoch style point of view, means the similar and specific characteristic in an epoch as frequency. The paper tries to study these poems as three points of view (External form, Internal Form, Subjective Form) and the results presented as frequency and in static charts Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
164 - Hermeneutic approach to language in Heidegger's thought and the possibility of passing from the subjectivistic project of knowledge
Amir Samsami Jahangir MasoodiHeidegger is one of the philosophers who has made the most effort in his philosophy to pass from the epistemological project of subjectivism. He has pursued his own efforts on this issue in various aspects. This paper, however, specifically seeks to examine Heidegger's MoreHeidegger is one of the philosophers who has made the most effort in his philosophy to pass from the epistemological project of subjectivism. He has pursued his own efforts on this issue in various aspects. This paper, however, specifically seeks to examine Heidegger's passing from subjectivism from a language aspect in his early and later thought. Therefore, we will first study and analyze the main components of the subjectivist project of knowledge. Then, with the insights that Heidegger has given in his work on language, such as considering language as an existential for Dasein, redefining concepts such as truth as unconcealment and logos as discourse, as well as emphasizing the relation between language and being that Historically determined, we try to justify our claim. It is argued that the epistemological project of subjectivism, which explains knowledge only on the basis of pure subjective activity, and neglects the hermeneutical aspect of language and its role in opening, disclosure and intelligibility of beings, cannot give a proper picture of how human access to the world is. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
165 - A Study of the Position and Necessity of Freedom in Hegel’s Epistemology
Hamed Shivaei Shahla Eslami Shamsolmolouk MostafaviThe Hegel‘s philosophy of spirit is in the context and center of his philosophical system. Hegel, in spirit phenomenology, has attempted to investigate the spirit motion and its destinations within the history. According to Hegel, the world history is the history MoreThe Hegel‘s philosophy of spirit is in the context and center of his philosophical system. Hegel, in spirit phenomenology, has attempted to investigate the spirit motion and its destinations within the history. According to Hegel, the world history is the history of spirit motion towards the rationalization. The spirit motion in the history is a rational and intellectual and we observe, in each part of history, the interaction of spirit with the real and objective history in the one hand and the individual history and freedom in the other hand. The interaction of these aspects is finally realized in the absolute spirit that is the freedom. Therefore, the real formation of the absolute spirit can be observed in the history. Hegel believes that the absolute spirit is a place in which all the eternal and historical facts achieve their final realization and prosperity. The absolute spirit is like a bird which flies freely over the plains and hills of the history. In Hegel’s philosophy, the absolute spirit loses the possibility to realize its real essence without freedom. Indeed, freedom is the critical and consolidating element of Hegel’s philosophy of spirit. Undoubtedly, in Hegel’s philosophy, all affairs have the relationship with freedom as the creator of the absolute spirit in historical dialectic. Therefore, in this descriptive research, in addition to attempt for describing the Hegel’s philosophy of spirit, especially the individual, objective and absolute spirit, the position and necessity of freedom in Hegel’s philosophy of spirit will be discussed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
166 - Kant and the general of interested- aesthetic judgments
ًRozita Rashedi Mohammad Shokry Ali MoradkhaniKant considers the nature of rules of the taste to be interested, but at the same time believes that an objective basis can be found for the totality of these rulings in the power of judgment. First, given the coexistence of subjective and intersubjective elements in Ka MoreKant considers the nature of rules of the taste to be interested, but at the same time believes that an objective basis can be found for the totality of these rulings in the power of judgment. First, given the coexistence of subjective and intersubjective elements in Kant's theory of interest, what relation does he establish between the subjective and the intersubjective judgments of taste? To answer this question, in the first part, while examining the logical features of the aesthetical sentence, we show that this sentence, in his view, is an aesthetic sentence that is issued in complete freedom and autonomy of the subject and by the other has a certain kind of general validity in its content. This kind of general validity, since it is purely based on transcendental structures which are common among all judgmental subjects, also has an intersubjective aspect, which Kant calls the names of subjective generality, aesthetic generality, and universal validity. Second, how does Kant strike a relation between the subjective and the intersubjective? To answer this question, in the second part, we argue that Kant, although he believes in the subjectivity of the judgment of taste, considers this subjectivity to be of a special kind, which is the other aspect of intersubjectivity. For this purpose, we first try to explain the meaning of the subjectivity of the judgment of interest, and then to clarify the intersubjective aspect of this meaning. Finally, we show that Kant, based on the intersubjective validity he finds in the judgment of interest, considers the faculty of interest as a capacity for empathy between subjects and to bring them out of isolation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
167 - Rereading of javadi Amoli’s theory on religious science in the light of Allameh Tabatabaei’s thought
Mohammad Reza Asadi Seyyed Saeid LawasaniAyatollah Javadi Amoli’s theory on the religious knowledge is one of the most significant theories articulated in recent decades. Whether we agree or disagree with the elements of this theory entirely, it is inevitable for the scholars to analyze and speculate its MoreAyatollah Javadi Amoli’s theory on the religious knowledge is one of the most significant theories articulated in recent decades. Whether we agree or disagree with the elements of this theory entirely, it is inevitable for the scholars to analyze and speculate its contexts. This theory illustrates the shortcomings of modern sciences, specifying the pillars of religious knowledge. This theory is based on three principles: science unavoidably is bounded by the philosophical presuppositions; the sciences are separated from each other by their subjects; and the intellect is one of the resources of religion and of the religious sciences. The important thing which has been mostly neglected is that although this theory is new and creative, but his theory and principles are rooted in Allameh Tabatabai’s intellectual school. This article attempts to explain this issue and to illustrate how Allameh Tabatabai has influenced Ayatollah Javadi Amoli. At this article, three principles of the theory will be explained while its critics are deferred to another article. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
168 - Domination of MetaphysicalIssues and its Challenges
Moosa Malayeri Saeideh SaeidiPhilosophyof science, among Muslim philosophers, embraces certain priory and crucial rules which the discursive-real sciences must take them as their logical structures. On the basis of the rules, each science should have its own subject and follow in the explanation, t MorePhilosophyof science, among Muslim philosophers, embraces certain priory and crucial rules which the discursive-real sciences must take them as their logical structures. On the basis of the rules, each science should have its own subject and follow in the explanation, the principles and rules of proof expand their domination in their determined boundaries, in their researches should intend the essential properties of subject as well. The later point has not been respected in the metaphysics and violated repeatedly by the philosophers. The subject of metaphysics is being qua being, and all predictions of issues must be essential accidents of the topic while many metaphysical predictions are not such. This methodological error has not been considered by most philosophers. Some others, representing certain solutions, having confessed and acknowledged this error. The most important solutions are two things: the first, the metaphysics has no specific subject. The second, the rules of the philosophy of science are preferable and unnecessary to be followed. The first solution which is the ancient one with a little revise has been accepted in this article as a modern solution. Accordingly, the different branches of philosophy which have their own specific and independent subjects and issues, in virtue of their method and basic issues, can be laid under general topic of philosophy as we can put the sciences under the title of experimental sciences. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
169 - A survey on Dawani’s perspectives on acquired knowledge and its epistemological requirements
Mahmood Ahesteh Einallah KhademiThe problem of acquired knowledge is one of the vital and notable issues in the Islamic philosophy. Philosophers and theologians have made a different approach to the knowledge and its nature. Allameh Dawani had a specific doctrine on the knowledge. He in contrast to th MoreThe problem of acquired knowledge is one of the vital and notable issues in the Islamic philosophy. Philosophers and theologians have made a different approach to the knowledge and its nature. Allameh Dawani had a specific doctrine on the knowledge. He in contrast to the others has not regarded the acquired knowledge under the category of quality believing that the philosophers who have considered the knowledge as a psychic quality applied simile and metaphors in philosophical discussion. His doctrine has been criticized by later great philosophers such as Mulla Sadra. In this paper his thought on the basis of Mulla Sadra’s works and its epistemological consequences has been explained. The most important requirements are as following: denial of categorical relation view, existence and necessary of nothings, fallacy of common usage instead of real application, rejection of resemblance idea, denial of regarding knowledge as a category, returning acquired knowledge to the knowledge by presence. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
170 - On Wittgenstein's Certainty and Critics of Descartes’ “Dreaming Argument”
Aezam Mohseni Seyyed Maseoud Sayf Wittgenstein frankly is speaking on certainty as a basic term which precedes skepticism believing that doubt game is possible in certainty ground, and we have no ground except certainty, extremist skepticism is self contradiction. Wittgenstein claims that Descarte More Wittgenstein frankly is speaking on certainty as a basic term which precedes skepticism believing that doubt game is possible in certainty ground, and we have no ground except certainty, extremist skepticism is self contradiction. Wittgenstein claims that Descartes' “Dreaming Argument” is the deepest and most powerful form of skepticism; in the first Meditation, Descartes is able to infect himself, as it were, with a profound skeptical difficulty about perceptual knowledge: what he calls "the principal reason for doubt, namely my inability to distinguish between being asleep and being awake". From past to the present, the attempts to neutralize such threats have been largely regarded as unsuccessful. But the writings of Wittgenstein mark a new development in defusing this deflationary posture. Unlike most philosophers who have assumed that Skepticism represents a coherent position that demands a responsible rebuttal, Wittgenstein emphasized that it was senseless, and required no formal refutation. In this paper we seek to demonstrate that Descartes' purpose has never been to remain uncertain; he always tries to overcome doubt and he wants to come to a certainty; In the case of “Dreaming Argument” ultimately in the sixth Meditation Descartes is prepared to solve and dismiss this very same difficulty in a mere paragraph; here we told that "the exaggerated doubts of the last few days should be dismissed as laughable". He writes that there is a vast difference between being asleep and being awake. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
171 - Metaphysics in Avicenna’s Philosophy: Based on the First Essay of Kitāb Al-Shifāʾ
سیدصدرالدین طاهری معصومه سلیمان میگونیDebate over an independent philosophical field under the title of Metaphilosophy is rather a new one and has particularly begun with Kant’s serious reflections on the cognitional nature of philosophy and by the 1960s reaches its climax as a serious issue. However, MoreDebate over an independent philosophical field under the title of Metaphilosophy is rather a new one and has particularly begun with Kant’s serious reflections on the cognitional nature of philosophy and by the 1960s reaches its climax as a serious issue. However, from the outset of philosophical thinking in Greece– although sporadically– debate over the nature of philosophy and its subject, method and end has been one of the important issues of philosophy. Aristotle, as will be discussed in this article, on several occasions reflects on the nature of philosophy and enumerates its main subjects such as “being as being” and “separate substance”. Afterwards, Avicenna elaborately explained this issue in the first essay of Kitāb Al-Shifāʾ, especially in the first two chapters of it. He elaborates it, on the one hand, by a negative approach and discusses things which are not the subjects of philosophy but are its problems, such as God and the Cause of causes, and on the other hand, by an affirmative approach discusses the subjects of philosophy, such as “being as being” and “separate substance”. This article tries to survey Avicenna’s views on the subject of philosophy and its relation with separate substance, physics and mathematics. In fact, it criticizes the Avicenna’s Metaphilosophy of Kitāb Al-Shifāʾ. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
172 - Presence and being in the world in Mulla Sadra and Heidegger’s philosophy
Fatemeh ghowanloo Hamed Naji IsfahaniHuman’s knowledge by presence to himself is the foundation of his presence in his sight and direct intuition of the being. Mulla Sadra has rescued human being from the insurmountable gap of contradiction between subject and object relying on the self as a being wh MoreHuman’s knowledge by presence to himself is the foundation of his presence in his sight and direct intuition of the being. Mulla Sadra has rescued human being from the insurmountable gap of contradiction between subject and object relying on the self as a being which identifies the being and knowledge. The mankind by his presence finds his existence connected to the external world. Finding the self in the midst of creatures and having a specific relation with the world means being in the world. Heidegger also raises the issue of presence and being in the world regarding human’s specific relation with the world and his ability to interpret and evaluate the existence and being beyond-existence. Therefore, it can be said that human’s presence in itself is the basis of his being in the world. By this consideration, there are many similarities between Sadra and Heidegger’s doctrine. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
173 - Presenting the model of consumer behavior with emphasizing on inbound & outbound marketing. (Case Study: Consumers of Fast-moving consumer goods in Tehran)
Maryam Khajavi Bahram Kheiri Ahmad VedadiThe aim of the present study is to explore aspects of consumer behavior, with an emphasis on inbound and outbound marketing. From the qualitative point of view, the grounded theory method has been used. The statistical population of the present study in the qualitative MoreThe aim of the present study is to explore aspects of consumer behavior, with an emphasis on inbound and outbound marketing. From the qualitative point of view, the grounded theory method has been used. The statistical population of the present study in the qualitative section was formed by academic experts and in the quantitative section, "Consumers of consumer goods in Tehran" and the statistical sample of the quantitative section, the current research is 385 people. In the qualitative part of the present study, using open, axial and selective coding, an attempt was made to create the data obtained in 10 interviews to create a research process model.In the qualitative section, the research results are presented in the form of process and contextual models of consumer behavior with emphasis on inbound and outbound marketing, which consists of a structured model of semantic variables, inbound and outbound marketing, content effectiveness and social convergence of advertising. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
174 - The problem of "issue in the social sciences of Tabataba'i" (Case Study: thesis of Faculty of Social Sciences Tehran Allameh Tabataba'i)
Ali ghovati Sefid Sangi Vahid ShalchiIn this research,it is paid to the document analysis of 845 thesis in the fields of social sciences of sociology, social work, social welfare planning, cultural studies and women's studies at the master's and PhD degree in Social Sciences at Allameh Tabataba'i Uni MoreIn this research,it is paid to the document analysis of 845 thesis in the fields of social sciences of sociology, social work, social welfare planning, cultural studies and women's studies at the master's and PhD degree in Social Sciences at Allameh Tabataba'i University in Tehran from 1363 to 1393. The produced thesis is part of the valid scientific documents that their analysis can guide students and other researchers. In this study, the approach has been used in Lvzyk constructivism. From the perspective of this approach, a procedure doesn't examine the reality and there are other perspectives and how we realize the world. The methodology of this research is the Document analysis; statistical population included all theses faculty of Social Sciences in the fields of sociology, social work, social welfare planning, cultural studies and women's studies, and because of examination of the entire thesis, we had no sampling. The results indicated that cadmium has more domination than other survey research methods in the thesis. Also on the paid subject, social problems predominate over other issues. In the level of used analysis, the micro level has more portion, and eventually the used theoretical approach in most thesis shows that most studies have been made by integration and combination of two or more theories. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
175 - Explaining the Effective Physical Factors in Improving the Subjective Dimension of Quality of Life in the Aged Care Centers (Case Study: Sadeghieh, Ghadir, and Yas Aged Care Center in Isfahan)
Atena sadat Hashemi Fesharaki Seyedeh Marzieh Tabaeian Samar Haghighi Boroojeni Maryam pourshamsThe aged population is growing rapidly. The course of changes in care for the aged has moved from large families to care spaces. Due to their function, care spaces for the aged inherently bring negative feelings such as feelings of separation and lack of affection to th MoreThe aged population is growing rapidly. The course of changes in care for the aged has moved from large families to care spaces. Due to their function, care spaces for the aged inherently bring negative feelings such as feelings of separation and lack of affection to the aged. The poor design of these spaces, without considering the physical and mental needs of the aged, has intensified these effects. The primary goal of this study is to determine the physical factors that are effective in improving the subjective dimension of the quality of aged care spaces. The design of this study is combined and its strategy in the qualitative section is descriptive-analytical and field and survey in the quantitative section in terms of data collection. Thus, the opinions of the aged about the characteristics of high-quality indoor spaces were analyzed by the confirmatory factor analysis method in the SPSS software. Also, to examine and compare the components, a Student's t-test was used. The results showed that based on the opinions of the aged and theoretical studies, the subjective dimension of the quality of care spaces is related to four main themes, including the sense of belonging, legibility, visual proportions, safety, and security. According to the results of this study, the obtained themes indicate that dealing with physical components by creating visual attractions, satisfaction, spatial arrangement, and safety standards can make the space important for the aged and increase the quality of the care space. The opinions of the aged confirm the interactive approach and subjective understanding of the space, which determines the effective components of the subjective dimension of architectural quality. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
176 - CERTAIN SUFFICIENT CONDITIONS FOR CLOSE-TO-CONVEXITY OF ANALYTIC FUNCTIONS
Indu Kala Tripathi -
Open Access Article
177 - Representation of the identity narratives in cyberspace with emphasis on Foucault point of views
zahra pishghahi fard azim zamani farid azizi ahad mohamadThere are two main paradigms related to the cyberspace: the first is “emission” which believes that internet is mechanism to emit information around the world. This point of view is a modern view and has an instrumental point of view to the internet and cybe MoreThere are two main paradigms related to the cyberspace: the first is “emission” which believes that internet is mechanism to emit information around the world. This point of view is a modern view and has an instrumental point of view to the internet and cyberspace. In this discourse, internet is a communicational tool that further users’ objectives. The second paradigm considers internet synonymous with some concepts like participation, share, society, association and approach to the common beliefs, and it is expected that internet to have more functions than emission of the massages and data. This paradigm, regarding the social dynamisms of online culture, believes that cyberspace is a domain of mere possibilities. This paradigm which is rooted in positivism faces with radical critiques from critical and postmodern point of views. Postmodern point of view investigates the two paradigms in a critical manner from different point of views. Postmodernism has brought a third paradigm which believes that cyberspace is not a reality, but it is a simulation of the reality and it is a tool for cultural, economic and political dominance. So, individuals’ identity in this space is not constructed by individuals, societies and technologies, but it is the outcome of the representation, discourse and the relationship between discourse and knowledge. This research based on the latter point of view and by taking descriptive- analytic method intended to investigate identity narratives in cyberspace with emphasis on Foucault point of views. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
178 - Testing the gender invariance in relations between personality traits, social problem solving and subjective- well-being: The structural eqution modeling approach
Sadegh Taghilou Ramin Letafati Abstract Present research compared the relation between subjective well – being, social problem solving dimensions (constructive problem solving and dysfunctional problem solving), neuroticism and extraversion latent variables among male and female students More Abstract Present research compared the relation between subjective well – being, social problem solving dimensions (constructive problem solving and dysfunctional problem solving), neuroticism and extraversion latent variables among male and female students using structural equation modeling (SEM). So after drawing path among variables the research model was built and structural equation modeling (SEM) were used for testing that mediating role of the gender in that relations. Data collected from 536 university students (261 male and 285 female) that completed Big Five Factor personality and social problem solving inventories and subjective well – being scales. Results indicate that in spite of same fitting in measurement model, there is no similarity between men and women in structural model respect to data fitting. Comparison results which was made between structural models of men and women makes it clear that among men, subjective well-being can be predicted strongly by neuroticism as compared to women and among women constructive problem solving and dysfunction problem solving can be predicted by extraversion in better manner as compared to men. And in compare to men subjective well – being can be predicted strongly by dysfunction problem solving among women. The results of this research emphasis on mediating role of gender in studying the relation between personality, social problem solving and subjective well – being. The findings suggest is that general health professionals and therapists should consider the important role of gender in studying and explaining the influence of personality and social problem solving on subjective well-being. Repetition of this result by the longitudinal study is necessary. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
179 - Verese Stylistics of the th century
Sayyed Ziaedin SajadiHereby we talk about the characteristics of verse stylistics in the th century. It's started with examinig Sanaii Ghaznavi's Poetry that was known as a Nezami's Eghbalnameh Coincided with the finishing of his EskandarNameh in the th century. MoreHereby we talk about the characteristics of verse stylistics in the th century. It's started with examinig Sanaii Ghaznavi's Poetry that was known as a Nezami's Eghbalnameh Coincided with the finishing of his EskandarNameh in the th century. In this century Persian poetry changed in many ways such as theme, rhythm, form, word, and rhyme blending, novelty and the khorasani's poetry styles developed in the th century, and the most significant change is the entrance of Sufi and mystical ideas which was started by sanaii and Nezami ended it. Manners like virtues, Lampoonic, and Satirizing Poems, Wise sayings, Panegyric verse, Death Elegies, etc. engaged the Poets thoughts in this century. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
180 - Farrokhi, the Alchemist of poetry and music
Abbas KaymaneshSince Poetry is the language of the hearts secrets, arising from the emotions of sensitive souls, it is recognized as a kind of Alchemy which tends to bind words together in meaning as well as in sound. Among the prominent Persian poets, Farrokhi is the utmost example o MoreSince Poetry is the language of the hearts secrets, arising from the emotions of sensitive souls, it is recognized as a kind of Alchemy which tends to bind words together in meaning as well as in sound. Among the prominent Persian poets, Farrokhi is the utmost example of a poet who in combining subject matter with music has taken great steps. His taste in choosing euphonious, eloquent, and charming words is admirable. The outstanding feature of his poetry is the musical quality of his lines, whose rhythms emphasize the meaning of a word or phrase calling it sharply to our attention. Manuscript profile
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