Investigating the Structural Relationship between Emotional Intelligence and Subjective Well-being with the Mediation of Social Capital
Subject Areas : Psychological Models and Methods
Alireza Tangestani
1
,
فریده یوسفی
2
1 -
2 -
Keywords: subjective well-being, social capital, emotional intelligence,
Abstract :
Background and purpose: This study aims to examine the relationship between emotional intelligence and subjective well-being, with the mediating role of social capital among university students.
Methods: The research design is correlational, and the statistical population consists of all undergraduate students at Shiraz University in the 2023-2024 academic year. From this population, 412 individuals were selected through a multistage cluster random sampling method. Participants completed the Bradberry and Greaves Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire (2005), the Keyes and Magyar-Moe Subjective Well-Being Questionnaire (2003), and the Onyx and Bullen Social Capital Questionnaire (2000). Statistical analysis of the data was conducted using SPSS and AMOS software, version 26.
Findings: Results indicated that the research model has a good fit with the data, and the variables of emotional intelligence and social capital together explain 64% of the variance in subjective well-being. Emotional intelligence has both direct and indirect effects on subjective well-being, with social capital mediating this relationship.
Conclusion: Emotional intelligence not only directly impacts individuals' subjective well-being but also influences it indirectly through the enhancement of social capital. The findings of this study suggest that by improving emotional intelligence and social capital among students, their subjective well-being can be significantly increased.
References:
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1. Beausaert S, Froehlich DE, Riley P, Gallant A. What about school principals’ well-being? The role of social capital. Educational Management Administration & Leadership. 2023 Mar;51(2):405-21. https://doi.org/10.1177/1741143221991853
2. Xu Q, Zhang C, Cui Y, Hu X, Yu S. Career capital and well-being: the moderating role of career adaptability and identity of normal student. Social Indicators Research. 2023 Sep;169(1):235-53. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-023-03157-y
3. Duffy A, Keown-Stoneman C, Goodday S, Horrocks J, Lowe M, King N, Pickett W, McNevin SH, Cunningham S, Rivera D, Bisdounis L. Predictors of mental health and academic outcomes in first-year university students: Identifying prevention and early intervention targets. BJPsych open. 2020 May;6(3):e46. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjo.2020.24
4. Eleftheriades R, Fiala C, Pasic MD. The challenges and mental health issues of academic trainees. F1000Research. 2020;9
5. Ahmed, Syed Khalil, Muhammad Majid Khan, Rao Aamir Khan, and Bahaudin G. Mujtaba. "The relationship between social capital and psychological well-being: The mediating role of internet marketing." (2020) , 1, 40-53. https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.23184.r62801
6. Keyes CL, Wissing M, Potgieter JP, Temane M, Kruger A, Van Rooy S. Evaluation of the mental health continuum–short form (MHC–SF) in setswana‐speaking South Africans. Clinical psychology & psychotherapy. 2008 May;15(3):181-92. https://doi.org/10.1002/cpp.572
7.Diener E, Heintzelman SJ, Kushlev K, Tay L, Wirtz D, Lutes LD, Oishi S. Findings all psychologists should know from the new science on subjective well-being. Canadian Psychology/psychologie canadienne. 2017 May;58(2):87
8. Bodrogi B, Bereczkei T, Deak A. Be aware, make it clear, and take the Lead: Emotion regulation difficulties and emotional intelligence as moderators of cognitive reappraisal. Current Psychology. 2022 Oct;41(10):6795-807. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-020-01182-5
9. Mayer JD, Salovey P, Caruso DR. TARGET ARTICLES:" emotional intelligence: Theory, findings, and Implications". Psychological inquiry. 2004 Jul 1;15(3):197-215. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327965pli1503_02
10. Gholizadeh, Z., and Gharibi, H.. Investigating the relationship between emotional intelligence and social capital among students. Journal of Innovation and Creativity in the Humanities, 2019, 5(4), 53-78.
11. Shuo Z, Xuyang D, Xin Z, Xuebin C, Jie H. The relationship between postgraduates’ emotional intelligence and well-being: the chain mediating effect of social support and psychological resilience. Frontiers in psychology. 2022 Jun 14;13:865025. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.865025
12. Azpiazu L, Fernández-Zabala A, Rodríguez-Fernández A, Ramos-Díaz E. Perceived emotional intelligence and subjective well-being during adolescence: the moderating effect of age and sex. Current Psychology. 2023 Dec;42(35):31048-63. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-022-04128-1
13. Llamas-Díaz D, Cabello R, Gómez-Leal R, Gutiérrez-Cobo MJ, Megías-Robles A, Fernández-Berrocal P. Ability emotional intelligence and subjective happiness in adolescents: The role of positive and negative affect. Journal of Intelligence. 2023 Aug 16;11(8):166. https://doi.org/10.3390/jintelligence11080166
14. Antonopoulou H. The value of emotional intelligence: self-awareness, self-regulation, motivation, and empathy as key components. Technium Education and Humanities. 2024 Apr 11;8:78-92. https://doi.org/10.47577/teh.v8i.9719
15. Austin EJ, Saklofske DH, Egan V. Personality, well-being and health correlates of trait emotional intelligence. Personality and Individual differences. 2005 Feb 1;38(3):547-58. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2004.05.009
16. Berraies S, Lajili R, Chtioui R. Social capital, employees' well-being and knowledge sharing: does enterprise social networks use matter? Case of Tunisian knowledge-intensive firms. Journal of Intellectual Capital. 2020 Sep 23;21(6):1153-83. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIC-01-2020-0012
17. Cao X, Zhang H, Li P, Huang X. The influence of mental health on job satisfaction: mediating effect of psychological capital and social capital. Frontiers in Public Health. 2022 Feb 8;10:797274. https://doi:10.3389/fpubh.2022.797274
18. Carmeli A, Yitzhak‐Halevy M, Weisberg J. The relationship between emotional intelligence and psychological wellbeing. Journal of managerial psychology. 2009 Jan 16;24(1):66-78. https://doi.org/10.1108/02683940910922546
19. Augusto-Landa JM, Pulido-Martos M, Lopez-Zafra E. Does perceived emotional intelligence and optimism/pessimism predict psychological well-being?. Journal of Happiness Studies. 2011 Jun;12:463-74. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-010-9209-7
20. Liu Y, Wang Z, Lü W. Resilience and affect balance as mediators between trait emotional intelligence and life satisfaction. Personality and Individual differences. 2013 May 1;54(7):850-5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2012.12.010
21. Shahni Yilagh, Manijeh, Shojaei, Behrouzi, Naser, Maktabi. The relationship between emotional intelligence and social skills with psychological well-being in female students of Shahid Chamran University. Journal of Psychological Advances. 2011 Jun 22;18(1):73-92.
22. Azañedo CM, Sastre S, Artola T, Alvarado JM, Jiménez-Blanco A. Social intelligence and psychological distress: subjective and psychological well-being as mediators. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020 Nov;17(21):7785. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17217785
23. Drigas A, Papoutsi C. The Need for Emotional Intelligence Training Education in Critical and Stressful Situations: The Case of Covid-19. Int. J. Recent Contributions Eng. Sci. IT. 2020 Sep 30;8(3):20-36. https://doi.org/10.3991/ijes.v8i3.17235
24. Wang M, Zou H, Zhang W, Hou K. Emotional intelligence and subjective well-being in Chinese university students: the role of humor styles. Journal of Happiness Studies. 2019 Apr 15;20:1163-78. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-018-9982-2
25. Ferragut M, Fierro A. Inteligencia emocional, bienestar personal y rendimiento académico en preadolescentes. Revista latinoamericana de psicología. 2012 Dec;44(3):95-104.
26. Ruiz-Ortega AM, Berrios-Martos MP. Revisión sistemática sobre inteligencia emocional y bienestar en adolescentes: evidencias y retos. Escritos de Psicología-Psychological Writings. 2023;16(1):15-32. https://doi.org/10.24310/espsiescpsi.v16i1.16060
27. Guerra-Bustamante J, León-del-Barco B, Yuste-Tosina R, López-Ramos VM, Mendo-Lázaro S. Emotional intelligence and psychological well-being in adolescents. International journal of environmental research and public health. 2019 May;16(10):1720. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16101720
28. Alegría M, NeMoyer A, Falgàs Bagué I, Wang Y, Alvarez K. Social determinants of mental health: where we are and where we need to go. Current psychiatry reports. 2018 Nov;20:1-3. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11920-018-0969-9
29. Glăveanu V. Happiness, growth, and the life cycle. Eur J Psychol [Internet]. 2011May30 [cited 2024Dec.23];7(2):395-8.. https://doi.org/10.5964/ejop.v7i2.136
30. Avey JB, Reichard RJ, Luthans F, Mhatre KH. Meta‐analysis of the impact of positive psychological capital on employee attitudes, behaviors, and performance. Human resource development quarterly. 2011 Jun;22(2):127-52. https://doi.org/10.1002/hrdq.20070
31. Vilanova EP, Josa RT. Social capital as a managerial phenomenon. Tampere: Tampere University of Technology. 2003.
32. Lin N. Social capital: A theory of social structure and action. Cambridge university press; 2002 May 20.
33. Onyx J, Bullen P. Measuring social capital in five communities. The journal of applied behavioral science. 2000 Mar;36(1):23-42. https://doi.org/10.1177/0021886300361002
34. Jalil A, Yesi Y, Sugiyanto S, Puspitaloka D, Purnomo H. The role of social capital of Riau women farmer groups in building collective action for tropical peatland restoration. Forest and Society. 2021 Jul 13;5(2):341-51. https://doi.org/10.24259/fs.v5i2.12089
35. Putnam RD. Democracies in flux: The evolution of social capital in contemporary society. Oxford University Press; 2002.
36. Tanaka S, Tokimatsu K. Social capital, subjective well-being, and happiness: Evidence from a survey in various European and Asian countries to address the Stiglitz report. Modern Economy. 2020 Feb 3;11(2):322-48. https://doi.org/10.4236/me.2020.112026
37. Abedini Valamdehi, R., and Ravanbakhsh, F. Predicting subjective well-being based on emotional intelligence and life satisfaction among elementary school teachers in Zaveh city. Journal of Teacher Professional Development, 2014, 6(2), 21-35.
38. Ahn YJ. Do informal social ties and local festival participation relate to subjective well-being?. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021 Jan;18(1):16. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18010016
39. Imbulana Arachchi J, Managi S. The role of social capital in subjective quality of life. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications. 2023 Jan 24;10(1):1-0. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-023-01502-7
40. Bartolini S, Piekalkiewicz M, Sarracino F, Slater G. The moderation effect of social capital in the relationship between own income, social comparisons and subjective well-being: Evidence from four international datasets. Plos one. 2023 Dec 7;18(12):e0288455. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0288455
41. Bahadorikhosroshahi J, Hashemi Nosrat Abad T, Babapur Kheyroddin J. The relationship between social capital and psychological well-being among the students of Tabriz University. Social Cognition. 2015 Jan 21;3(2):44-54.
42. Nugroho TW, Hanani N, Toiba H, Sujarwo S. Promoting Subjective Well-Being among Rural and Urban Residents in Indonesia: Does Social Capital Matter?. Sustainability. 2022 Feb 18;14(4):2375. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14042375
43. Bavarsad B, Rahimi F. A study on the relationship of social capital and citizenship behavior with emotional intelligence. Entrepreneurship and Innovation Management Journal. 2016 Feb;4(1):1-4.
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