Investigating the Structural Relationship between Emotional Intelligence and Subjective Well-being with the Mediation of Social Capital
Subject Areas : Psychological Models and Methods
Alireza Tangestani
1
,
Farideh Yousefi
2
1 - M.A. in Educational Psychology, Department of Educational Psychology, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
2 - Associate Professor, Department of Educational Psychology, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology , Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
Keywords: Subjective well-being, Social capital, Emotional intelligence,
Abstract :
Background and purpose: This study aimed to examine the relationship between emotional intelligence and subjective well-being, with the mediating role of social capital among university students.
Methods: The research design was structural equation modeling, and the statistical population consists of all undergraduate students at Shiraz University in the 2023-2024 academic year. From this population, 412 individuals were selected through a multistage cluster random sampling method. Participants completed the Bradberry and Greaves Emotional Intelligence Test, the Keyes and Magyar-Moe Subjective Well-Being Questionnaire, and the Onyx and Bullen Social Capital Questionnaire. Statistical analysis of the data was conducted using SPSS and AMOS software, version 26.
Findings: Results indicated that the research model has a good fit with the data, and the variables of emotional intelligence and social capital together explain 64% of the variance in subjective well-being. Emotional intelligence has both direct and indirect effects on subjective well-being, with social capital mediating this relationship.
Conclusion: Emotional intelligence not only directly impacts individuals' subjective well-being but also influences it indirectly through the enhancement of social capital. The findings of this study suggest that by improving emotional intelligence and social capital among students, their subjective well-being can be significantly increased.
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1. Kline RB. Principles and practice of structural equation modeling. Guilford publications; 2023 May 24.
2. Beausaert S, Froehlich DE, Riley P, Gallant A. What about school principals’ well-being? The role of social capital. Educational Management Administration & Leadership. 2023 Mar;51(2):405-21. https://doi.org/10.1177/1741143221991853
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6. Ahmed, Syed Khalil, Muhammad Majid Khan, Rao Aamir Khan, and Bahaudin G. Mujtaba. "The relationship between social capital and psychological well-being: The mediating role of internet marketing." (2020) , 1, 40-53. https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.23184.r62801
7. Keyes CL, Wissing M, Potgieter JP, Temane M, Kruger A, Van Rooy S. Evaluation of the mental health continuum–short form (MHC–SF) in setswana‐speaking South Africans. Clinical psychology & psychotherapy. 2008 May;15(3):181-92. https://doi.org/10.1002/cpp.572
8.Diener E, Heintzelman SJ, Kushlev K, Tay L, Wirtz D, Lutes LD, Oishi S. Findings all psychologists should know from the new science on subjective well-being. Canadian Psychology/psychologie canadienne. 2017 May;58(2):87
9.Diener E. Subjective well-being. Psychological bulletin. 1984 May;95(3):542.
https://doi.org/10.1037/00332909.95.3.542
10. Bodrogi B, Bereczkei T, Deak A. Be aware, make it clear, and take the Lead: Emotion regulation difficulties and emotional intelligence as moderators of cognitive reappraisal. Current Psychology. 2022 Oct;41(10):6795-807. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-020-01182-5
11. Mayer JD, Salovey P, Caruso DR. TARGET ARTICLES:" emotional intelligence: Theory, findings, and Implications". Psychological inquiry. 2004 Jul 1;15(3):197-215. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327965pli1503_02
12. Gholizadeh Z, Gharibi H. Investigating the relationship between emotional intelligence and social capital among students. Journal of Innovation and Creativity in the Humanities, 2019, 5(4), 53-78.
13. Shuo Z, Xuyang D, Xin Z, Xuebin C, Jie H. The relationship between postgraduates’ emotional intelligence and well-being: the chain mediating effect of social support and psychological resilience. Frontiers in psychology. 2022 Jun 14;13:865025. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.865025
14. Azpiazu L, Fernández-Zabala A, Rodríguez-Fernández A, Ramos-Díaz E. Perceived emotional intelligence and subjective well-being during adolescence: the moderating effect of age and sex. Current Psychology. 2023 Dec;42(35):31048-63. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-022-04128-1
15. Llamas-Díaz D, Cabello R, Gómez-Leal R, Gutiérrez-Cobo MJ, Megías-Robles A, Fernández-Berrocal P. Ability emotional intelligence and subjective happiness in adolescents: The role of positive and negative affect. Journal of Intelligence. 2023 Aug 16;11(8):166. https://doi.org/10.3390/jintelligence11080166
16. Antonopoulou H. The value of emotional intelligence: self-awareness, self-regulation, motivation, and empathy as key components. Technium Education and Humanities. 2024 Apr 11;8:78-92. https://doi.org/10.47577/teh.v8i.9719
17. Austin EJ, Saklofske DH, Egan V. Personality, well-being and health correlates of trait emotional intelligence. Personality and Individual differences. 2005 Feb 1;38(3):547-58. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2004.05.009
18. Hidalgo-Fuentes S, Martínez-Álvarez I, Sospedra-Baeza MJ, Martí-Vilar M, Merino-Soto C, Toledano-Toledano F. Emotional Intelligence and Perceived Social Support: Its Relationship with Subjective Well-Being. InHealthcare 2024 Mar 12 (Vol. 12, No. 6, p. 634). MDPI. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12060634
19. Berraies S, Lajili R, Chtioui R. Social capital, employees' well-being and knowledge sharing: does enterprise social networks use matter? Case of Tunisian knowledge-intensive firms. Journal of Intellectual Capital. 2020 Sep 23;21(6):1153-83. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIC-01-2020-0012
20. Cao X, Zhang H, Li P, Huang X. The influence of mental health on job satisfaction: mediating effect of psychological capital and social capital. Frontiers in Public Health. 2022 Feb 8;10:797274. https://doi:10.3389/fpubh.2022.797274
21. Carmeli A, Yitzhak‐Halevy M, Weisberg J. The relationship between emotional intelligence and psychological wellbeing. Journal of managerial psychology. 2009 Jan 16;24(1):66-78. https://doi.org/10.1108/02683940910922546
22. Augusto-Landa JM, Pulido-Martos M, Lopez-Zafra E. Does perceived emotional intelligence and optimism/pessimism predict psychological well-being?. Journal of Happiness Studies. 2011 Jun;12:463-74. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-010-9209-7
23. Liu Y, Wang Z, Lü W. Resilience and affect balance as mediators between trait emotional intelligence and life satisfaction. Personality and Individual differences. 2013 May 1;54(7):850-5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2012.12.010
24. Shahni Yilagh, Manijeh, Shojaei, Behrouzi, Naser, Maktabi. The relationship between emotional intelligence and social skills with psychological well-being in female students of Shahid Chamran University. Journal of Psychological Advances. 2011 Jun 22;18(1):73-92.
25. Azañedo CM, Sastre S, Artola T, Alvarado JM, Jiménez-Blanco A. Social intelligence and psychological distress: subjective and psychological well-being as mediators. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020 Nov;17(21):7785. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17217785
26. Drigas A, Papoutsi C. The Need for Emotional Intelligence Training Education in Critical and Stressful Situations: The Case of Covid-19. Int. J. Recent Contributions Eng. Sci. IT. 2020 Sep 30;8(3):20-36. https://doi.org/10.3991/ijes.v8i3.17235
27. Wang M, Zou H, Zhang W, Hou K. Emotional intelligence and subjective well-being in Chinese university students: the role of humor styles. Journal of Happiness Studies. 2019 Apr 15;20:1163-78. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-018-9982-2
28. Ferragut M, Fierro A. Inteligencia emocional, bienestar personal y rendimiento académico en preadolescentes. Revista latinoamericana de psicología. 2012 Dec;44(3):95-104.
29. Ruiz-Ortega AM, Berrios-Martos MP. Revisión sistemática sobre inteligencia emocional y bienestar en adolescentes: evidencias y retos. Escritos de Psicología-Psychological Writings. 2023;16(1):15-32. https://doi.org/10.24310/espsiescpsi.v16i1.16060
30. Guerra-Bustamante J, León-del-Barco B, Yuste-Tosina R, López-Ramos VM, Mendo-Lázaro S. Emotional intelligence and psychological well-being in adolescents. International journal of environmental research and public health. 2019 May;16(10):1720. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16101720
31. Alegría M, NeMoyer A, Falgàs Bagué I, Wang Y, Alvarez K. Social determinants of mental health: where we are and where we need to go. Current psychiatry reports. 2018 Nov;20:1-3. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11920-018-0969-9
32. Glăveanu V. Happiness, growth, and the life cycle. Eur J Psychol [Internet]. 2011May30 [cited 2024Dec.23];7(2):395-8.. https://doi.org/10.5964/ejop.v7i2.136
33. Avey JB, Reichard RJ, Luthans F, Mhatre KH. Meta‐analysis of the impact of positive psychological capital on employee attitudes, behaviors, and performance. Human resource development quarterly. 2011 Jun;22(2):127-52. https://doi.org/10.1002/hrdq.20070
34. Vilanova EP, Josa RT. Social capital as a managerial phenomenon. Tampere: Tampere University of Technology. 2003.
35. Lin N. Social capital: A theory of social structure and action. Cambridge university press; 2002 May 20.
https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511815447
36. Onyx J, Bullen P. Measuring social capital in five communities. The journal of applied behavioral science. 2000 Mar;36(1):23-42. https://doi.org/10.1177/0021886300361002
37. Jalil A, Yesi Y, Sugiyanto S, Puspitaloka D, Purnomo H. The role of social capital of Riau women farmer groups in building collective action for tropical peatland restoration. Forest and Society. 2021 Jul 13;5(2):341-51. https://doi.org/10.24259/fs.v5i2.12089
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