Evaluating the Effect of Walkable Street on Traffic Volumes of Periphery Routes (Case Study: 15th Khordad WalKable Street in Tehran)
Subject Areas : environmental management
khashayar
kashanijou
1
(Assistant Prof., Department of Architecture, Shahr-e-Qods Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran *(Corresponding Author))
hamed
mohammadi
2
(M.Sc., Urban Design, Department of Art & Architecture, Islamic Azad University, Science and Technology Branch, Tehran, Iran)
Keywords: 15th Khordad Street, Traffic Evaporation, Walkable Street, Pedestrian-orientation, One-Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA),
Abstract :
Background and Objective: Walkable streets are considered as one of the most important contemporary urban spaces that there are still unknown dimensions of them due to not so long record in our country. This research seeks to discover the connection between closing the street on cars and the change in the traffic volume of automobiles in peripheral routes over time.Method: This applied research has been done by collecting theoretical information through documentary studies and local investigations using observation and interview method and is a descriptive-analytic research. The case study is 15th Khordad walkable street in Tehran.Findins: By evaluating differences in traffic volumes in 2011, 2014 and 2016 with SPSS software and based on One- Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), there was a significant difference in the average traffic volume of the vehicles in the study area and rejects the hypothesis of increasing the traffic volume of motor vehicles in the periphery area of 15th Khordad. Numerical calculations show that 15.7% of traffic jams over a three-year period, and 20.7% over a five-year period in the surrounding routes disappeared after creating 15th Khordad walkable street because of changing in citizens direction and travel time and using of multi-modal trips by business-men.Discussion & Conclusion: Therefore, it seems that a paradigm shift among urban managers about traffic effects transmission of creating walkable street to periphery areas is necessary.
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1. Pakzad, J., 2004. Urban Space Design Guide in Iran, Design Company and Sima Publication (Ministry of Housing and Urban Development), Tehran. (In Persian)
2. Knoflacher, H,. 2001, Principles of Pedestrian and Bicycle Planning, Third Edition, Fereydoun Gharib: Translator, Tehran University Press.
3. Saeidi Rezvani, N,. Sheshpari, Z,. 2013, A method for city pedestriansation (common spaces), Architectural / Utopian township, Municipalities Monthly, No. 118. (In Persian)
4. Cairns. S, Atkins. S, Goodwin. P, 2002, Disappearing traffic? The story so far, Municipal Engineer, No. 5, 13-22.
5. Beatty, J. Coletta, T. Rogan, R. 2009, Investigation of the Overall Traffic Reducing Effect of Closing Sections of Nørrebrogade, faculty of Worcester Polytechnic Institute.
6. http://www.culturechange.org/issue14/pedestrianmall.html.
7. Tibbalds, F., 2013, Human-Oriented cities: Improving urban environments in large and small cities, Jaddali, F., laghaee H A., Translators, Tehran University. (In Persian)
8. Mortazavi, S,. 2011, Recognition of pedestrian as a place for spending leisure time in the city, Monthly City and Landscape, second year, No. 12. (In Persian)
9. Moieni, S M,. 2015, Pedestrian Cities, Azarakhsh Publication, Tehran. (In Persian)
10. Hosseinion, S,. 2003, Introduction to Pedestrian pathways Design, Municipal Magazine, No.61, 6Th Year. (In Persian)
11. Ministry of Housing and Urban Development, 1996, Urban Design Guidelines (Section 10); Pedestrian routes; Center for Urban and Architecture Studies and Research, Iran, First Edition, Tehran. (In Persian)
12. American Planning Association, 2009, Planning and urban design standards,place and placemaking, (G. Etemad& M. Behzadfar& S. Milani, Trans), Iranian Society of Consulting Engineers publication, In Persian.
13. Brambilla. R, Longo. G, 1977, Pedestrian Zones: a design guide, Columbia University.
14. U.S.Department Of Transportation Federal Highway Administration, 2014, Road Diet Informational Guide, FHWA Safety Program.
15. Litman. T, 2013, SMARTER CONGESTION RELIEF IN ASIAN CITIES, Transport and Communications Bulletin for Asia and the Pacific, No. 82.
16. Melia. S, Parkhurst. G, Barton. H, 2011, The Paradox of Intensification, Transport Policy, Vol. 18, No.1, 46-52.
17. Fitzgerald & Halliday , Inc, 2008, Traffic Calming Resource Guide, South Central Regional Council of Governments.
18. Wallström. M, 2004, Reclaiming city streets for people, Chaos or quality of life? European
Commission, http://ec.europa.eu/environment/pubs/pdf/streets_people.pdf.
19. http://www.onestreet.org/resources-for-increasing-bicycling/115-traffic-evaporation.
20. Seattle Urban Mobility Plan, 2008, Best Practices in Transportation Demand Management, 7A-1.
21. Litman. T, 2015, Generated Traffic and Induced Travel, Victoria Transport Policy Institute, www.vtpi.org
22. Taghizade, M., 2007, The need to change the attitudes of traffic, Ahmadi Publication, 2nd Edition, Tehran.(In Persian)
23. Goodwin. PB, Hass-Klau. C, Cairns. S, 1998, Evidence of the effects of road capacity reduction on traffic levels, Traffic Engineering and Control.
24. Litman. T, 2001, Generated Traffic; Implications for Transport Planning, ITE Journal, Vol. 71, No. 4, 38-47, Available from www.vtpi.org/gentraf.pdf.
25. Fallah Monshadi, E,. Habibi, S,. Rouhi, A., 2012, Urban Pedestrian walkways, from idea to practice; Evaluation of the pedestrian market of Tehran. Architectural and Urban Planning, No. 9, 45-63. (In Persian)
26. Tehran Traffic Transportation Organization, 2014, Interview with the managers and relevant authorities of the 15th Khordad pedestrian walkway construction project. (In Persian)
27. Rouhi, A., Fallah Monshadi, E,. Khodaverdi, S,. 2013, Challenges and Opportunities Constructing Pedestrian Walkway in Tehran; Comparative Evaluation and Comparative Comparison of 11 Walkways in Tehran, Study and Planning of Tehran City Center. (In Persian)
28. Negin Shahr-e- Ayande Consulting Engineers, 2011, The project of pedestrian construction in the historical area of the 12th municipality of Tehran. (In Persian)
