A Comparison of Different Evapotranspiration Methods and the Result Obtained Through Calculating the Reconnaissance Drought Index (RDI) for the Tehran Province

Subject Areas : Article frome a thesis

Seyed Amir Shamsnia ¹ , Farhad Torabi Tabatabai ²

1 - Young Researchers and Elite Club, Shiraz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran
2 - دانش آموخته ی کارشناسی ارشد مهندسی منابع آب، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد شیراز

Received: 2016-04-19 Accepted : 2019-08-26 Published : 2019-08-23

Keywords: Drought, Reconnaissance Drought Index (RDI), Potential evapotranspiration,

Abstract :

Drought is one of the most common natural events that has a great negative impact on agriculture and water resources. Using the indices is necessary in order to monitor, evaluate and statistically analyze drought in each area. Recently, a powerful drought index, the Reconnaissance Drought Index (RDI), is gaining wide acceptance mainly in the arid and semiarid climatic regions. Since RDI is based both on precipitation and potential evapotranspiration (PET), it is interesting to assess the effect of the PET calculation methods on the drought severity characterization obtained by the RDI. This paper compares the results of the RDI for various reference periods using some popular empirical PET methods with minimum data requirements. The selected methods are: Hargreaves-Samani, Thornthwaite, Blaney-Criddle, Jensen-Haise and FAO Penman-Monteith. The FAO Penman-Monteith method is used as reference method. The data used are from meteorological stations in thr Tehran Province representing different climatic conditions. No significant influence on RDI was detected by using the selected PET methods. However, the Blaney-Criddle method performed relatively better. This supports the conclusion that the RDI is a robust drought index not dependent upon the PET calculation methods.

References:

1)       بری ابرقویی، ح.، بداق جمالی، ج.، و توکلی، م. 1382. کاربرد برخی از شاخص‌های آماری هواشناسی جهت ارزیابی شدت خشکسالی در مقیاس کشوری(بین استانها)، فصلنامه تحقیقات جغرافیایی، 69: 86-106.

2)       پیرمرادیان، ن.، شمس نیا، س.ا. و شاهرخ نیا، م.ع. 1387. پایش و تحلیل پراکندگی مکانی شدت خشکسالی سال زراعی 80 -1379 استان فارس با استفاده از شاخص معیار شده ی بارش در محیط سامانه اطلاعات جغرافیایی(GIS)، مجله مهندسی آب، 2: 65-74.

3)       زندی لک، ح.، فولادمند، ح.ر. و بوستانی، ف. 1393. ارزیابی دوره ی بازگشت خشکسالی کشاورزی گندم در استان فارس با استفاده از شاخص RDI. مجله مهندسی منابع آب، 7: 1-11.

4)       کوهی، م.، ثنائی نژاد، س.ح. و امینی، م. 1395. اثر روش های مختلف برآورد تبخیر-تعرق  مرجع بر محاسبه نمایه شناسایی خشکسالی در چند نمونه اقلیمی ایران. نشریه پژوهش های اقلیم شناسی، 25: 47-65.

5)       هاتفی، ع.، مساعدی، ا.، و جباری نوقابی، م. 1395. نقش تبخیر-تعرق در پایش خشکسالی هواشناسی در چند ناحیه اقلیمی کشور. نشریه پژوهشهای حفاظت آب و خاک، 23(2): 1-21.

6)       Asadi Zarch, M.A., Malekinezhad, H., Mobin, M.H., Taghi Dastorani, M. and Kousari, M.R. 2011. Drought monitoring by reconnaissance drought index (RDI) in Iran. Water Resour Manag. 25(13):3485-3504.

7)       Allen, R.G., Pereira, L.S., Raes, D., and Smith, M. 1998. Crop evapotranspiration. Irrigation and Drainage Paper. No. 56. FAO, Rome: United Nations.

8)       Doorenbos J., Pruitt, W.O. 1977. Guidelines for predicting crop water requirements. Irrigation and drainage paper. No. 24. FAO, Rome: United Nations.

9)       Fooladmand, H.R. 2011. Evaluation of some equations for estimating evapotranspiration in the south of Iran. Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science. 57(7): 741-752.

10)   Gunhan, T., Demir, V., Hancioglu, E., Hepbasli, A. 2005. Mathematical modelling of drying of bay leaves. Energy Conversion and Management. 46(11-12):1667-1679.

11)   Hargreaves, G.L., Samani, Z.A. 1985. Reference crop evapotranspiration from temperature. Appl Eng Agric. 1(2):96–99.

12)   Hayes, M., Svoboda, M.D., Wilhite, D.A. and Vanyarkho, O.V. 1999. Monitoring the 1996 drought using the standardized precipitation index. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society. 80(3): 429-438.

13)   Hayes, M. 2004. Drought indices, National Drought Mitigation Center, Available onwebsite:Http://www.drought.unl.edu/whatis/indices.htm.

14)   Jabloun, A., and Sahli, A. 2008. Evaluation of FAO-56 methodology for estimating reference evapotranspiration using limited climatic data. Agricultural Water Management. 95: 707-715. Jensen, M. E., and Haise, H. R. 1963. Estimating evapotranspiration from solar radiation. J. Irrig. Drain. ASCE. 89: 15-41.

15)   Khalili, D., Farnoud, T., Jamshidi, H., Kamgar-Haghighi, A.A., and Zand-Parsa, S. 2011. Comparability analyses of the SPI and RDI meteorological drought indices in different climatic zones. Water Resource Management. 25(6): 1737-1757.

16)   McKee, T. B., Doesken, N.J., and Kleist, J. 1993. The relationship of drought frequency and duration to time scales, Preprints, 8^th Conference on Applied Climatology. 17-22 January, Anaheim, CA, pp.179-184.

17)   Mohammed, R. and Scholz, M. 2016. Impact of evapotranspiration formulations at various elevations on the reconnaissance drought index, Water Resources Management. 31:531-548.

18)   Palmer, W.C. 1965. Meteorological drought. U.S. Department of Commerce, Weather Bureau Reasearch Paper 45, 58pp.

19)   Pashiardis, S., and Michaelides, S. 2008. Implementation of the standardized precipitation index and the reconnaissance drought index for regional drought assessment:A case study for Cyprus. European Water. 23/24:57-65.

20)   Shamsnia, S.A., Amiri, S.N., and Pirmoradian, N. 2009. Drought simulation in fars province using standardized precipitation index and time series analysis (ARIMA Model). International Journal of Applied Mathematics (IJAM). 22(6):869-878.

21)   Strzepek, K., Yates, D. 1997. Climate change impacts on the hydrologic resources of Europe: a simplified continental scale analysis. Climatic Change. 36(1): 79-92.

22)   Thornthwaite C.W. 1948. An approach toward a rational classification of climate. Geog Rev. 38:55–94.

23)   Richard, R., and Heim, J. 2002. A review of Twentieth-Century drought indices used in the United States. American Meteorological Society. 1149-1166.

24)   Tigkas, D. 2008. Drought characterisation and monitoring in regions of Greece. European Water. 23/24:29-39.

25)   Tsakiris, G., and H. Vangelis. 2004. Toward a drought watch system based on spatial SPI. Journal of Water Resources Management. 18(1): 1-12.

26)   Tsakiris, G., and Vangelis, H. 2005. Establishing a drought index incorporating evapotranspiration. European Water. 9/10: 3-11.

27)   Tsakiris, G., Pangalou, D., and Vangelis, H. 2007. Regional drought assessment based on the reconnaissance drought index (RDI). Water Resource Management. 21:821-833.

28)   Vangelis, H., Tigkas, D., and Tsakiris, G. 2013. The effect of PET method on reconnaissance drought index (RDI) calculation. Journal of Arid Environments. 88: 130-140.

29)   Wilhite, D.A. 1993. The enigma of drought in drought assessment, management and planning: Theory and case studies, ed. D.A. Wilhite. pp: 3-15. kluwer Academic Publishers,  Bosten.

30)   Zarei, A. R., Moghimi, M.M., and Mahmoudi, M.R. 2016. Parametric and non-parametric trend of drought in arid and semi-arid regions using RDI index. Water Resources Management. 30(14): 5479-5500