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Open Access Article
1 - Identifying the factors influencing the performance of employees during the Corona crisis by thematic analysis
shohreh namjouyan maysam chegin marziyeh mohammadiThe spread of Covid-19 caused a significant transformation in the way people and organizations live and work. Therefore, to stay competitive on the labor market, organizations must develop comprehensive strategies that allow them to identify their environmental opportu MoreThe spread of Covid-19 caused a significant transformation in the way people and organizations live and work. Therefore, to stay competitive on the labor market, organizations must develop comprehensive strategies that allow them to identify their environmental opportunities and threats in accordance with market conditions. In addition, they must continue their activities. Tehran has taken place. The main question of this study is: What factors affected the performance of the employees of the contracting company during the Corona crisis? To answer this question, theories and models related to the subject and previous research have been investigated. Research in the current study is based on qualitative methods and an exploratory approach. The statistical sample of this research, which was selected by the snowball method and in a targeted manner, includes 14 managers and experts of a large contracting company in the metropolis of Tehran. The requirement was extracted using thematic analysis method. The results included 60 open codes in the form of 4 main concepts and 16 sub-themes. The results of the research showed that the 4 main criteria of organizational culture, job satisfaction, leadership and management, and finally, information and communication technology have the greatest effect in modifying the negative effects of the covid-19 disease on the performance of employees. Based on the results obtained, the 4 main criteria of organizational culture (with a weight of 0.446), satisfaction Job (with a weight equal to 0.331), leadership and management (with a weight equal to 0.152) and finally technology Information and communication (with a weight equal to 0.070) respectively have the greatest effect in modifying negative effects The covid-19 disease has an effect on the performance of employees. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Survey the role of good governance in managing the water crisis of the Zayandeh Rood river
Elham KhosravipourMany countries around the world are facing important problems in the field of water resources manage-ment. Due to reasons such as corruption, lack of civil society and inefficiency of the administrative structure in developing countries, and issues such as unsustainable MoreMany countries around the world are facing important problems in the field of water resources manage-ment. Due to reasons such as corruption, lack of civil society and inefficiency of the administrative structure in developing countries, and issues such as unsustainable consumption patterns, excessive use of resources, etc., have made the water governance system face challenges in industrialized or developed countries. In Iran, the problem of water shortage has become critical, serious and widespread, which has involved many sectors, including economy, society, environment, agriculture, etc. Because water govern-ance refers to all the activities that are involved in the policy-making and decision-making process regarding the development and management of water resources, and It also represents a change in gov-ernment-society relations in countries that have fundamentally developed water-related activities, There-fore, according to the current conditions and the global water crisis, the necessity of a fundamental change in the management of water resources is inevitable. The results of the research show that the water crisis in Iran, especially in the case of the Zayandeh River, is caused by the lack of water management and neglect of the role of water governance. On the other hand, good governance, as a type of governance that guarantees public welfare and individual rights, has indicators that are considered as the basic foundations needed to evaluate the state of water governance in each region. The Zayandeh River of Isfahan, has experienced an intensification of the drying process every year more than the previous year, which has had several consequences, and the solution to the water crisis in this region is to transition to good governance, efficient and compatible with historical, cultural, social and economic conditions of the region. This article was prepared in a review method with the help of library and internet sources, and its purpose is to examine the role of good governance in manageming the water crisis of the Zayandeh Rood River in Isfahan. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - The quality of lifestyle and the drought of Zayande-Rood: Interpretive under-standing of the lived experiences of Isfahan citizens of the water
Sahar FaeghiIn recent years, Iran has grappled with escalating environmental crises, especially concerning water-related issues. This study aims to comprehensively understand the lived experiences of Isfahan citizens amid the city's water crisis. The methodology employed for this s MoreIn recent years, Iran has grappled with escalating environmental crises, especially concerning water-related issues. This study aims to comprehensively understand the lived experiences of Isfahan citizens amid the city's water crisis. The methodology employed for this study was qualitative research, utilizing thematic analysis for data interpretation. A total of 27 Interviews were conducted with Isfahan citizens, focusing on their subjective experiences regarding the water crisis in the Zayande-Rood river. Data collection utilized a non-homogeneous sampling method. Predetermined criteria concerning credibility, reliability, and objec-tivity were applied to validate the findings. Data coding and theory-based analysis were performed simul-taneously during interviews. The data interpretation comprised basic, organizing, and inclusive coding stages. Analyzing the data revealed key categories, notably the impact on citizens’ quality of life under socio-environmental conditions, considered as an inclusive category. The subjective feeling of happiness derived from environmental conditions (the sense of citizens' happiness and satisfaction through the envi-ronment) and changes in the lifestyle of citizens were reconstructed as organizing categories. The main sub-organizing categories reconstructed in this study include changes in citizens’ lifestyle, alterations in leisure activities, social interactions, extending citizens' environmental concerns, Citizens' dissatisfaction with government performance, changes in sense of emotional well-being of citizens, Citizens' dissatisfaction with weather conditions, and decreasing satisfaction with Urbanization. Primarily, citizens consider drought and water shortage to be the main reasons for the reduced quality of (socio-environmental) lifestyle in Isfahan. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - Identifying and prioritizing the components of strategic foresight capabilities, crisis management and human resource agility in the blood transfusion organization using Delphi method and AHP
Mostafa Aghahosseini Eshkavandi Hossein Rezaie Dolatabadi Sayed Akbar Nilipour TabatabaiToday, the term "strategic foresight" is widely used to describe the activities and processes that help decision-makers to guide the companies' future action plan. This study was undertaken to identify and prioritize the Components of strategic foresight capabilities, c MoreToday, the term "strategic foresight" is widely used to describe the activities and processes that help decision-makers to guide the companies' future action plan. This study was undertaken to identify and prioritize the Components of strategic foresight capabilities, crisis management and human resource agility in the blood transfusion organization using Delphi and AHP techniques during 1393.The study population consists of the managers, officials and experts in Isfahan Blood Transfusion Center and 3 accident-prone provinces with at least 10 years of experience which includes 160 people. The study utilized Delphi Technique to identify the components of strategic foresight capabilities, crisis management and human resource agility in Isfahan Blood Transfusion Center and AHP method to prioritize these components. Based on the obtained results from the Delphi method 5 components for strategic foresight capabilities, 5 components for HR Agility and 6 components for crisis management were identified that each of which has also the components which are prioritized and weighted using AHP method. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - Identifying socio-cultural indicators of interactional coaching at the Ministry of Sport and Youth
abrisham rashidzadeh davan mohamad ataei mahdi alvani naser hamidiDespite the definitions that have always shown coaching as an interactive relationship, most of the previous research in this area focuses on identifying the characteristics of the coach, and the role of coachee and the impact of coaching context and approach in this in MoreDespite the definitions that have always shown coaching as an interactive relationship, most of the previous research in this area focuses on identifying the characteristics of the coach, and the role of coachee and the impact of coaching context and approach in this interactive relationship remain unknown.the purpose of this study is to identify socio-cultural indicators of interactional coaching.The type of research is fundamental and research method is descriptive (non-experimental). In a socio-cultural context, with forward looking approach, interactional coaching is effective when coach performs a decent practice based on God's ethic and command, the coachee performs the action in accordance with the beliefs, values and culture of the community. In learning approach, the coach uses experience and training to train the individual, coachee uses applied education for the purpose of use. In crisis solving approach, the coach moves forward the concepts of conversation and discussion, making it easy for coachee to express his views and opinions.The results show that the most important socio-cultural indicators of interactional coaching in the forward looking approach is focusing on ethics, in the learning approach focusing on education, and in crisis solving is focusing on counseling. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - Presentation of a policy model for the protection of depositors' rights in banking crises in Iran
mohammad javad pourasadi kaveh timor nezhad mohammad reza rabiey mand[inBackground: Paying attention to depositors' rights and policy-making is currently ambiguous and due to the economic complexity of identifying a model in order to safeguard the rights of customers and depositors. Purpose: The present study aims to develop a policy model MoreBackground: Paying attention to depositors' rights and policy-making is currently ambiguous and due to the economic complexity of identifying a model in order to safeguard the rights of customers and depositors. Purpose: The present study aims to develop a policy model to safeguard the rights of depositors in banking crises in Iran. Methods: Factor analysis, path analysis and interpretive structural modeling were used to achieve this goal. Findings: The findings of the study, after analyzing the content of 23 concepts, 5 categories and 97 indicators in the field of policy making and then inputting them into quantitative analysis using factor analysis which is necessary; Depositors as the primary strategy to modify or improve the laws related to depositors should be considered by policymakers and policy makers as the driving force behind the implementation conditions. Finally, the concepts and categories identified should be taken into account in order to safeguard the rights of depositors. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - Designing a resilient policy model for knowledge-based businesses in the Corona era
ebrahim dousti shervedani Naser KhaniObjective: Business resilience is the structural and procedural dynamics that enable businesses to have the capacity to meet challenges. Business thinking broadly refers to an organization's capacity to perform well, regardless of its economic or organizational environm MoreObjective: Business resilience is the structural and procedural dynamics that enable businesses to have the capacity to meet challenges. Business thinking broadly refers to an organization's capacity to perform well, regardless of its economic or organizational environment. Therefore, the aim of this study is to design a resilience policy model for knowledge-based businesses in the Corona era.Method: The collected data is qualitative and based on the data theory approach. The statistical population of the study was managers and experts in the field of knowledge base, through in-depth sampling, in-depth interviews were conducted with twelve of them. Concepts and categories were then extracted using open coding. Results: Based on the data theory theory of the foundation, 52 sub-categories and 13 main categories were identified and categorized during the coding process. Then, while identifying the central category, the categories were placed within the basic components of causal, contextual, intervening, strategies and consequences conditions, and the final model was formed.Conclusion: Knowledge-based companies can withstand intelligent rotation in business model, identify new target markets, use creativity and up-to-date knowledge and benefit from the experiences of other countries against the Covid 19 crisis, and Turn the Corona crisis into an opportunity for the Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - The effect of foreign exchange policies to reduce the current account deficit (with emphasis on the financial crisis of 2008)
Samira Najafi Estamal Seyed Shamseddin Hosseini Abbas memarnejad Farhad GhaffariBackground: Exchange rate fluctuations and its deviation from the equilibrium path is one of the most important macroeconomic variables that affects different sectors of the economy from various aspects. Objective: This study was conducted with the aim of invest MoreBackground: Exchange rate fluctuations and its deviation from the equilibrium path is one of the most important macroeconomic variables that affects different sectors of the economy from various aspects. Objective: This study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of foreign exchange policies during the existence of a trade deficit in the financial crisis (crisis of 2008) on the total index of the stock exchange. Method: The present study was conducted using ARDL and VCEM approaches in terms of purpose, application and development. This study examines the relationship between exchange rates (as a control policy to reduce the current account deficit due to the 2008 crisis) and the overall index. Examines the Iranian Stock Exchange. To reduce the effect of the omitted potential variable, interest rates and external reserves are also included in this analysis. In this study, the self-return approach with distributive interrupt (Pesaran, 2001) has been used to investigate the long-run relationship between variables. Findings: Among the actions of governments in times of crises and deficits in the current account balance is the use of foreign exchange controls. Explaining the effects of the exchange rate due to the dependence of the stock market industries on the import of raw materials as well as the export of products on the overall index of the stock exchange is very important for policymakers and activists in this field. Conclusion: The results indicate that there is more compatibility between exchange rates and stock prices in critical periods than in quiet periods, in terms of integration in the long run and short-term causality. Also, the results of the implementation of foreign exchange policies, in order to improve the current account, confirm the J-curve. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - Investigating the Public Relations Function of Organizations in Natural Disaster Crisis Management A case study of the public relations performance of the Housing Foundation of Tehran Province in the reconstruction of the earthquake-stricken areas of Qasr E Shirin
Hamed Haji Afsaneh MozaffariAbstract The history of the events that took place in the vast country of Iran shows that this country is invincible, and how to deal with these disasters is very important and important. Examining the experiences gained from these events will be of great help in dealin MoreAbstract The history of the events that took place in the vast country of Iran shows that this country is invincible, and how to deal with these disasters is very important and important. Examining the experiences gained from these events will be of great help in dealing with accidents and management. Despite the fact that in our country every few years or months, it is a natural disaster and it has gained and will continue to have very bitter and useful experiences. The expansion of cities and urbanization and the gradual increase in the number of large cities in the world, especially in developing countries, including Iran, on the one hand and the growth of cities, population concentration and increase environmental and economic loads on their bed on the other hand, while Further attention to cities has led to the acceptance of multiple roles and functions. One of the issues that most major cities in the world are dealing with Unfortunately, the costs of crisis management are small, and research and scientific work has not been done as it should be, and perhaps has not been done in this case, even though this shortage is quite noticeable and worthwhile. In this regard, considering the importance of the subject of this research, the role of public relations in crisis management of natural disasters has been studied. Research shows that public relations plays an important role in preventing crisis. Keywords: Crisis Management, Public Relations, Natural Disasters Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - Review and analysis of the cultural role of the Resistance Front media in managing public opinion (Case study of the Syrian crisis)
mohammadsaleh hosseinzadehMedia as a tool to enlighten thoughts, creating a space for a healthy and constructive approach to views and appropriate information, It is one of the most important factors of progress and one of the signs of dynamism and mobility of society in today's world. But it mu MoreMedia as a tool to enlighten thoughts, creating a space for a healthy and constructive approach to views and appropriate information, It is one of the most important factors of progress and one of the signs of dynamism and mobility of society in today's world. But it must be accepted that the dual role of the media in crisis-making and crisis-solving, at least for experts in this field, is an undeniable and obvious fact. In today’s world, the media forms a large part of the nature of public opinion, and this trend is increasing. Our main question in this study is the cultural role of the Resistance Front media in managing public opinion in the Syrian crisis. The method used in this research is a combination of quantitative and qualitative consecutive methods. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by factor analysis and the reliability of the items was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha (0.997). The statistical population of this study includes officials and experts related to the media of the resistance movement and the study sample that was purposefully selected included 40 officials and experts related to the field of media in Syria who had sufficient information about this research and have been willing to cooperate. The research findings indicate that the cultural role of the media, including mentality, culture, transmitting values, etc., have an effective role in managing public opinion Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - An Analysis of the Impact of the Corona Crisis on the Performance of Iran's Non-Governmental Print Newspapers
Javad Sadeghi Jafari sepideh ashrafi Due to the intensification of the Corona crisis since the end of 2010, this study intends to use two quantitative and qualitative methods as well as a conceptual framework to gain an understanding of the impact of the Corona crisis on the performance of non-gove More Due to the intensification of the Corona crisis since the end of 2010, this study intends to use two quantitative and qualitative methods as well as a conceptual framework to gain an understanding of the impact of the Corona crisis on the performance of non-governmental newspapers. Newspaper economics, content and audience trust, journalistic workflow, and policies and strategies are four parts that are carefully evaluated in this study. In total, the researcher-made questions were sent to 40 journalists and media executives, 20 of whom answered. Findings show that 14 out of 20 newspapers that answered this question (70%) believe that the decrease in circulation was caused by the Corona crisis. At the same time, the impact of Corona on the economy of non-governmental newspapers in the two dimensions of costs and revenues and its components was discussed in the view of respondents. Given that 89.5% of the newspapers reported that their income had decreased and 60% stated that their expenses had either increased or not decreased, it can be concluded that most of the newspapers had economic problems. The researcher also examined 4 areas in the content section: content quantity, content quality, trust and competition. In the working conditions of journalists and staff of Iranian national non-governmental print newspapers, 55.5% of respondents said that Corona had no effect on the efficiency of journalists. Respondents stated that the corona had reduced field reporting and instability in their work situations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - The Survey of Press Reflection upon Crucial Condition of Drinking Water in Tehran in Widely Circulation Newspapers (Iran & Jame Jam)
Ani Mirzakhanian Zahra BakhtiariThe research is about water management of drinkable water crisis which is reflected in mass media (Iran and Jame Jam). Also the important goal is to raise public awareness through mass media. Analyzing is the method which is used in this research according to its natur MoreThe research is about water management of drinkable water crisis which is reflected in mass media (Iran and Jame Jam). Also the important goal is to raise public awareness through mass media. Analyzing is the method which is used in this research according to its nature and subject. The above mentioned subject, water .crisis is the issue that statically pointed out in Iran and Jame Jam newspapers during 3 months period in summer 2015. The software SPSS, resulting T tests and comparing were used for taking samples randomly in order to analyze them. Theories of the research refers to the essence of this crisis, also the difference functions of the two papers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - Iranian Urbanism and Architecture during Transmission Period
Somayeh Ebrahimi, Seyed Gholamreza Islami,Iran contemporary architecture is in a critical situation because our society is changing by industrialization, globalization and today by information revolution. Art and architecture have a great role to make our identity and society organization. Transmission from tra MoreIran contemporary architecture is in a critical situation because our society is changing by industrialization, globalization and today by information revolution. Art and architecture have a great role to make our identity and society organization. Transmission from traditional society to modern and then network society, have made many pleasant and unpleasant influences on our life style, behavior, collective wisdom and also on our physical world, environment, cities and buildings. Iranian society experienced transmission from traditional to modern society without any scientific, cultural, educational, artistic infrastructures. Today, emergence of network society, influenced every aspects of our life and have a great challenge by tradition and its rules. The transition term means changing from one status to another status that has been occurred during a period of time, creating new things and transforming many existent identities. Therefore, the transition era as an “indefinite period of time” is an effective and challenging period during our history. Studying this period of time can assist the societies to understand the changes in a better way and to reorganize all their infrastructures, thereby immune themselves against lack of development in all fields and its consequences. Nowadays, The Iranian society faces with another transition to the network society for which some of the initial infrastructures underpinned by telecommunication and information technologies had been established. The raise of speed reduced the required time for occurring the eventualities and in contrast to the past that transition from agriculture to industry had taken many centuries, transition to electronic world and network society occurs in a shorter period of time. These changes occur so fast that failure to detect the status will face the societies with shocks and their consequences in the future. Sufficient knowledge and good plan for the predictable future can help the society to pass through the crises of transition period in all fields and benefited from changes in favor of all fields. The first step of this research is to know about our situation and transmission era to make new sustainable structure for our societies and our physical world. In this article our focus is on Iran contemporary architecture, specially in the last decades. Technology and modernization have changed our physical world. Our cities have a great physical growth in the last three decades. Iran architecture today is suffering from abnormal, odd, unreasonable constructions which mostly have made by a confused society not architects. Illness of economy, unreasonable politics and programs make great disorders in the body of our cities. Today also we can find a few masterpieces of architecture which can make our identity in new era of modernization and globalization. the role of architecture in the world in which the borders are crossing out, traditional societies are demolishing, network societies are developing, reality and virtuality are extremely close together, collective intelligence is replacing individualism, patriarchy families are destructing, human bodies are equipping with electronic tools, environment is stepping forward toward destruction and resource depletion, information viruses are spreading, will be explained briefly in this article. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - The Necessity of Identity Crises Management in Urban Spaces
Mohammad Naghizadeh Shirin ToghianiCrisis Management is a new method of challenging the unexpected events’ consequences and crisis resulted from it, which avoids them through a scientific and systematic approach, and if the crisis happens, it efficiently tries to reduce the destructing results. Stu MoreCrisis Management is a new method of challenging the unexpected events’ consequences and crisis resulted from it, which avoids them through a scientific and systematic approach, and if the crisis happens, it efficiently tries to reduce the destructing results. Studies show that the crisis management only has been dealing with the quantitative troubles of earthquake, war, hurricane, etc. while qualitative aspects of problems such as spiritual crisis have been disregarded. One of the ignored crisis which may be an origin of some other crisis is so-called “Identity Crisis”.Low speed movement, of societies in the past and limited events of those had been led humans and societies have distinct and defined identity which infrequently faced with sudden changes. And so during time, societies identity had gradual evolution. But condition of today world and accomplished evolution in different area of sciences, technology and particulary information technology course and unlimited presence of that in contemporary human life and problems such as universalized and universalization, changed identity problem to one of biggest contemporary human problem and so identity crisis has been changed to one of most important challenges of human in modern, civilized world. on one hand , this problem challenged someone and on the other hand , this was base for challenged someone with gains. So, society can prove itself in this course which can cause to appear excellent and unique identity. Otherwise, there is no alternative except that won't obey against mentioned events. But, there is reinforced and proved relation between human identity and related effects, and on the other hand, cities hand been and will be as one of most important human societies signs during history , so , identity dimension of cities and spaces of that , are very important in this course. Because, cities identity, show (present) their natives identity and even, higher than it, will formed identity of their inhabitants. So, identity crisis of cities will affect on fate of their in habitants and even will be forming base of human identity crisis. So, attention to identity crisis of cities must be higher than turning to that only in pure theoretical subject form. And because of importance of problem, must form applied approach to this today societies problem and for that, present research has accomplished with purpose of turning to attention necessity to identity crisis of urban spaces in general management format. This research is going to define the importance of ‘identity crisis’ in urban space which is very important in the human beings’ life and on the one hand, its mutual relation between human’s identity and the resulted effects, and on other hand, the importance of cities and urban space as one of the achievements of human being which a symbol of communities’ culture and civilization. During studies, however, I initially give you definitions of ‘location identity’ and ‘location identity crisis’. Then, by defining the relation between them ,'identity' and ‘human identity crisis’, I discuss about the significance of considering the management of identity crisis in urban space. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - Evaluation of Connective Status and Accessibility of Official Buildings to Plan and Manage Urban Crisis in Isfahan
Zahra Taheri Neda Rahmani -
Open Access Article
16 - Credit Risk Test Stress Model of the Banking Industry under Macroeconomic Scenarios
mohsen Ziaee Bidhendy Mehrzad Minooee Mirfaz Fallah shamsThe main reason for conducting the present study is to design and explain the credit crunch risk test model of the banking industry under macroeconomic scenarios. In addition to the use of documents and reports related to the banking industry, the panel data related to MoreThe main reason for conducting the present study is to design and explain the credit crunch risk test model of the banking industry under macroeconomic scenarios. In addition to the use of documents and reports related to the banking industry, the panel data related to the annual reports and datasets of the banking industry were used. In the present study, in order to perform econometric analyzes, E-Views software was used and Matlab artificial intelligence environment was used to design an intelligent system. Then, based on the GARCH method, the regression statistics related to the GARCH model for the fluctuations between the research objective function and GDP growth rate, interest rate, unemployment rate, inflation rate and per capita income growth rate are calculated equal to 0.927, which indicates very high predictive power. The econometric model of research is. One of the most important results of the present study is that according to the calculations performed, the bank's credit portfolio to reduce the probability of default is exactly 91 percent (the fifth level of system output is excellent). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
17 - New terrorism: A Theoretical Framework
ابوذر Gohari moghadamInternational terrorism can be defined in the framework of international systemchanges. To do so, in this article we try to describe terrorism through theglobalizations’ different aspects. In better words, this essay is a theoreticalexplanation of the new terroris MoreInternational terrorism can be defined in the framework of international systemchanges. To do so, in this article we try to describe terrorism through theglobalizations’ different aspects. In better words, this essay is a theoreticalexplanation of the new terrorism by applying some globalization effects on theindividual especially the South people. Presenting a new framework of analysis toexplain new terrorism, this article is to mention the main globalization aspectsnaming political, economic, cultural and technological on occurring new terrorism.Globalization process has created a dozen of phenomena such as emerging newnon-governmental actors, weak states, international crimes, great immigrations,merging of different races, information & technologic revolution, distribution ofWMDs etc. These elements beside the other main factors of globalization causemeaning and identity crisis in under developing countries and specially groups andindividuals of the South. To project this crisis the individuals resort to ideology andreligion to find or redefine their identity. They try through ideology to escape fromfrustration and in this way if they access to WMDs the results of their actions is newterrorism Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
18 - Investigating the mechanism of systemic liquidity risk transmission of corporate stocks in capital market of Iran
Seyed Hamid Reza Sadat Shekarab Fraydoon Ohadi صیقلی seighaly Mirfaze Fallah ShamsThis research aims to investigate the mechanism of systemic liquidity risk transmission of corporate stocks in capital market of Iran. For this purpose, 486 listed companies in Tehran stock exchange and OTC from 2011 to 2022 were sampled and the companies were divided MoreThis research aims to investigate the mechanism of systemic liquidity risk transmission of corporate stocks in capital market of Iran. For this purpose, 486 listed companies in Tehran stock exchange and OTC from 2011 to 2022 were sampled and the companies were divided into ten deciles according to the Amihud illiquidity ratio, Then by using “Diebold & Yilmaz” approach which is based on forcast error variance decomposition in the framework of the generalized VAR model, spillover mechanism and systemic liquidity risk transmission among the formed decimals was investigatd.The preliminary results indicated the existence of spillover effect and systemic liquidity risk among all deciles, with difference intensity and weakness. In such a way that the fifth decile had the highest net transmission of liquidity risk spillover effects to other deciles, and the seventh & third deciles, respectively had the highest net effects of received spillover from other deciles. The general results of the total spillover index (TSI) indicated that risk transmission processes, change and increase after the occurrence of shocks and financial crises. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
19 - Modelling the Price bubble warning system and financial crisis in the stock market
Mahdieh Norozi Mohammadebrahim Mohammadporzarandi mehrzad minoueiThe purpose of this study is to design a warning system for price bubble and financial crisis in the Iranian stock market. In this study, the statistical information of the seasonal data of the period 1990-2019 and the MGARHC have been used to extract and identify the v MoreThe purpose of this study is to design a warning system for price bubble and financial crisis in the Iranian stock market. In this study, the statistical information of the seasonal data of the period 1990-2019 and the MGARHC have been used to extract and identify the variable of financial crisis and price bubble in the capital market. The results of this study showed that variables such as production, inflation rate, exchange rate, total stock market index, etc. have a significant impact on the occurrence of financial crisis and the possibility of price bubbles in financial markets. Based on the estimation, it can be stated that the effect of the shocks of the research variables on the occurrence of the price bubble in the stock market leads to an increase in the instability of the variables. This can be due to the dependence of the economic structure on its markets, and this can have heavy consequences due to a shock on the country's structure. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
20 - Conceptual modeling of financial resilience of the tourism industry in crisis
Seyyede Maryam Abolhasani Komle Mohammad Hassan Gholizadeh Mehdi MeshkiIn recent years, financial resilience has become significantly more important due to Existing crises, especially the Covid-19 pandemic. The purpose of this paper is to model the concept of financial resilience of the hotel industry in Gilan. In this study, using a quali MoreIn recent years, financial resilience has become significantly more important due to Existing crises, especially the Covid-19 pandemic. The purpose of this paper is to model the concept of financial resilience of the hotel industry in Gilan. In this study, using a qualitative method of grounded theory and through a semi-structured interview technique with 25 experts in the hotel industry, via theoretical sampling method, the conceptual model of financial resilience of the hotel industry is designed in crisis. In this research, 2027 primary codes are extracted and finally classified into 111 concepts, 43 sub-categories and 18 main categories. This model is in the six dimensions of the central phenomenon (revenue management, cost management, risk organization), causal conditions (political structure of the country, tourism industry infrastructure, macroeconomy), strategies (strengthening human resourse, strengthening inter-institutional cooperation, tourism industry marketing, Optimal financing, modern technology), contextual conditions (legal contexts, cultural and social considerations, geographical location and climate of the country), intervention conditions (environmental protection) and consequences (sustainable development of the country, strengthening the capacity of the tourism industry in the face with the crisis, the development of the tourism industry in the country) was presented. The results provide useful information for hotel industry players to survive in crisis, as well as policy makers and government supervisers to develop relevant regulations Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
21 - Investigate the relation of financial Distress, life cycle and restructuring Strategies of crisis companies in Tehran Stock Exchange
Abdollah Amiri Parviz Saeidi Farshid Pourshahabi Hossein Ali BahramzadehToday, corporate restructuring strategies are presented as a solution by chief executives officer and in order to exit the company from the crisis. In this regard, it is necessary to examine the impact of implementing these strategies is highlighted. The purpose of this MoreToday, corporate restructuring strategies are presented as a solution by chief executives officer and in order to exit the company from the crisis. In this regard, it is necessary to examine the impact of implementing these strategies is highlighted. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of implementation restructuring strategies in different stages of crisis life cycle companies. For this purpose, we used Z-score Toffler to select crisis companies. 406 years - Company were selected as samples. it was used to determine the stages of the company's life cycle from Dickinson's cash flow model. The Logit regression model was used to test the hypotheses. The results of the paper suggest that Toobin's Q variable only has a significant and negative relationship with the asset restructuring strategy, the total assets variable negatively correlated with the restructuring of management and financial restructuring and with the asset restructuring strategy. Financial leverage variables and institutional shareholders only have a meaningful and negative relationship with the financial restructuring strategy. The cash flow variable only has a positive and meaningful relation with the financial restructuring strategy. There was no relation between the firm's asset return variable and all three restructuring strategies. The growth stage companies use less than the asset - restructuring plan. Birth phases are less likely to be used than restructuring management structures than in other stages. In addition, the decline stage is used as compared to other stages of financial restructuring. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
22 - Investors' Overreaction in IRAN Stock Market to Global Financial Crisis News
فرشاد هیبتی وحید زندیهOver the past three decades, the Efficient Market Hypothesis (EMH) has been the foundation for financial asset pricing, and the leading hypothesis in the finance literature to explain and predict the behavior of investors. There are, however, two extensions to the EMH i MoreOver the past three decades, the Efficient Market Hypothesis (EMH) has been the foundation for financial asset pricing, and the leading hypothesis in the finance literature to explain and predict the behavior of investors. There are, however, two extensions to the EMH in the behavioral finance literature that investigate investor reaction when security prices do not adjust instantaneously, the Overreaction Hypothesis (OH) of DeBondt and Thaler (1985) and the Uncertain Information Hypothesis (UIH) of Brown, Harlow and Tinic (1988, 1993). In the other side, we know that Iran international trade volume is not expanded and direct taking impression of Iran security market to global financial recessions and expansions is in doubt. Therefore, observed investors' sentiment in Iran stock market to recent global financial crisis news has resulted in doubt on efficiency of this market, regardless of long or short term return for sensitive industries to this crisis. Thus, we felt need to recognize investors' sentiment to achieve behavioral finance patterns that would be consistent to Iran stock exchange and can be utilized to behavioral modeling of securities. We determined to evaluate and express behavior of investors in Iran stock market for the period 27 April 2008 to 25 April 2010, based on two hypotheses OH and UIH. Our findings show that shareholders' return is consistent with aforesaid two hypotheses and thereupon increase in market uncertainty in some securities, as well as investors' overreaction in some industries while issuance news of arrival and/or recovery global financial crisis. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
23 - The effect of economic uncertainty On the dynamic relationship between earnings quality and return in listed companies in Tehran stock market: exchange market pressure approach
zohre tabatabaienasab nasim shahmoradione of the basic foundations of decision making is financial statements, especially income statement, Which is the result of the performance of an entity. In times of crisis, because of low profits, Leads the Decrease of firm value and decrease Directors bonus, com Moreone of the basic foundations of decision making is financial statements, especially income statement, Which is the result of the performance of an entity. In times of crisis, because of low profits, Leads the Decrease of firm value and decrease Directors bonus, companies are more motivated to manage earnings and Analysis the quality of earnings is especially important in times of crisis. In this study, the relationship between the quality of earnings and return of companies and the impact of currency crises on this relationship was investigated. To evaluate the quality of earnings three criteria was used: gross profit Realization, cash flow of earnings and real profit management, and the exchange market pressure index is used to measure the crisis. For this purpose, a sample of 77 companies listed in the Stock market during 2008-2018 was surveyed by Systematic Removal Method. And to test the Hypothesis, Eviews software and dynamic models were used. The results indicate that there is a positive relationship between earnings quality criteria and return and The reverse effect of the currency crisis has been on this relationship. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
24 - The Designing Early Warning System of Financial Crisis Outbreak in Tehran Stock Exchange by Logit & Probit Model
alireza gholizadeh Mir Feiz Fallah Shams Mohammad Ali Afshar KazemiEncountering with financial crises of supervision and predicting such these events which are necessary to decrease their negative effects on finanicial and economical markets. The current paper is aimed to review the designing the early warning system of financial crisi MoreEncountering with financial crises of supervision and predicting such these events which are necessary to decrease their negative effects on finanicial and economical markets. The current paper is aimed to review the designing the early warning system of financial crisis outbreak in Tehran stock Exchange. Due to this purpose, it’s used the weekly datas during the years from 1997 to 2019 (1121 weeks). The mean of crises in this present papper is the falling more than 15% of price index (TEPIX) toward last three months. Hence, it’s been used the dummy variable for operating the dependent variable. It’s been used the residual of auto regressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) for measuring the shocks caused by the price of stocks, exchange rate, price of oil and gold. The result is modeled by Logit & Probit model and showed that probability of the crisis outbreak is increased by decreasing the stock price in past period as well as the outbreaking of crisis in past period after reviewing and analyzing the data. While the decreasing of exchange rate, increasing of the gold price, and decreasing of oil price don’t affect on crisis outbreak in current periods as meaningfully. Based on weekly data, 44 crisis has occurred which both models have predicted 36 crisis. The power of crisis predicting is 82% and the power of predicting for total model is about 99%. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
25 - Analyzing financial stability with emphasis on banking sector in Iran: An early warning system approach
ژاله زارعی اکبر کمیجانیIn the literature, the financial stability is defined as a condition that systematic crises do not threaten the stability of the macroeconomy. Financial instability and its great shock on real output in many countries faced with economic crisis have demonstrated the nee MoreIn the literature, the financial stability is defined as a condition that systematic crises do not threaten the stability of the macroeconomy. Financial instability and its great shock on real output in many countries faced with economic crisis have demonstrated the need and importance of developing models for prediction and prevention of crises for economic planners and make them able to investigate the causes of crisis and prevent its recurrence as well. In this study, an early warning system of bank crisis for Iran has been estimated by using probabilistic method(probit approach), for the 2002- 2011 The probable function designed in this paper shows that three variables, weight average of the real interest rate of banking deposit, weight average of the real interest rate of banking credit and the growth rate of property price, are the three predicators of probability of the banking crisis. The specified model in this study has signaled the banking crises and in 92 percent of the cases in which crises have happened the model has been able predicate it with probability of more than 40 percent and Only, 7.14 percent has been missed and 9.52 percent has signaled wrongly. Hence, it confirms the relative predictive power of our model in crises period. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
26 - Social and Familial “Generativity” in An Artist of the Floating World: An Eriksonian Approach
Morteza Jafari Naser Motalebzadeh Naser Dashtpeyma -
Open Access Article
27 - The Impact of the Yemeni Crisis on International Peace and Security
Shirin Masoudi MohammadAli Abdollahzadeh Majid Saeedi -
Open Access Article
28 - Prevention of Brand Crisis: The Brand Attachments' Role in the Mitigation of Adverse Consumer Reactions
Mohammad Kashani Karim Hamdi Mehrdad Navabakhsh -
Open Access Article
29 - Identifying the Role of Shared Leadership Competencies in Crisis Management (Case Study: Farabi Hospital)
fatemeh shamlooy baharak shirzad kebria Parinaz BanisiIntroduction: The support and participation of the managers of an organization is necessary to implement an effective crisis management. The preparation of the situation is done by clarifying the aims and objectives of the crisis management plan based on the philosophy MoreIntroduction: The support and participation of the managers of an organization is necessary to implement an effective crisis management. The preparation of the situation is done by clarifying the aims and objectives of the crisis management plan based on the philosophy and values of the organization, which is more evident in health centers. The purpose of this study was to identify the role of shared leadership competencies in crisis management (Case study: Farabi Hospital). Methods: This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive and survey method. The statistical population of the present study includes all managers, deputies and staff of Farabi Hospital, whose number is 820, so the required sample size was determined 262 people based on Cochran's formula. A questionnaire was used to examine the research variables. The reliability of the questionnaires was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha coefficient and the content validity of the questionnaires was confirmed by a group of university professors and their construct validity was confirmed by confirmatory factor analysis. The research hypotheses were tested by structural equation modeling. Results: Characteristics and skills are directly (coefficient 0.48) and indirectly involved in crisis management through task-oriented leadership (coefficient 0.80), people-oriented leadership (coefficient 0.26) and organizational leadership (coefficient 0.14). It was also found that task-oriented leadership, people-oriented leadership and organizational leadership with direct coefficients of 0.89, 0.33 and 0.79, respectively, are directly involved in crisis management. Conclusion: Based on the research findings, characteristics and skills can play a role in crisis management of Farabi Hospital. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
30 - Identifying the influencing variables on the decision of emergency evacuation of hospitals in critical conditions by thematic analysis method and using MAXQDA software
saeid amjadi saeed sayak shirkosh mina jamshidiIntroduction: Today, with the increasing development of technology and the expansion of the population, we are witnessing an increase in incidents, accidents and crises. Natural disasters have become a part of the nature of our human environment and depend on many facto MoreIntroduction: Today, with the increasing development of technology and the expansion of the population, we are witnessing an increase in incidents, accidents and crises. Natural disasters have become a part of the nature of our human environment and depend on many factors, including natural factors and human factors, and as a result, they take on a complex structure that makes combating them very difficult and complicated. The issue is what should be considered by the decision maker in hospital evacuation and what factors are effective in this decision, how these factors are affected after the decision and how these factors are involved in the decision process. Methods: The research method is placed in the developmental category. The library method was used to collect information for the background and literature of the research, after reviewing the subject literature, the interview protocol was compiled, including questions with the aim of knowing the variables influencing decision-making. Then interviews were conducted with the experts who accepted the invitation to the interview. Interviews with 7 experts continued until theoretical saturation. After that, key sentences were extracted, coded and analyzed using thematic analysis method with the 6-step approach of Brown and Clark. MAXQDA and Excel software were used for the analysis. Results: Review of studies and interviews led to the identification of 1156 codes. which was classified into 28 components and 5 dimensions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
31 - The Dynamics of Competitiveness in Creative and Manufacturing Industries in the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) of Pre and Post Crisis
Prima Naomi -
Open Access Article
32 - Global Recession and Its Impact on Telecommunication Industry: An Empirical Dissection
O. Gautam V. K. Singh R. Sharma -
Open Access Article
33 - Analyzing of financial policy triggers on how the state budget is allocated
Marzieh Afkharian Karmaleh Daneshfard Hajieh Rajabi Farjadbudget of a country reflects the position of the state in the economy, in other words, it is the extent and limits of government`s interference in society, and the proper administration of government finances plays a significant role in improving the economic system and Morebudget of a country reflects the position of the state in the economy, in other words, it is the extent and limits of government`s interference in society, and the proper administration of government finances plays a significant role in improving the economic system and the administrative and management system of the public sector. Purpose of this study was to analyze the triggers of financial policy on allocation of state budget. The research is applied one in terms of the goal, and it is descriptive survey in terms of collecting data. Statistical universe of this research includes the managers and employees of the “plan and budget” organization. They were 100, which are obtained using Cochran's formula of 80 people. Data collection tool was a questionnaire (a total of 47 questions). Its validity obtained through content and structure validity, and its reliability through Cronbach's alpha for each of the triggers of the financial policy including (natural disasters, 0.868; economic crises, 0.915; social evolution, 0.915; environmental changes, 0/922; technological advances, 0/818) and the way of state budget allocation 844/0 has been approved. Data analysis has been done using structural equation modeling and Smart PlS software. Results of the study showed that the analysis of the triggers of financial policy (natural disasters, economic crises, social evolution, environmental changes, and technological advancements) are influential on the way of allocation of public funds. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
34 - Proposing the Accounting Model of Strategic Management based on the Development of Accounting Databases In Crisis Conditions
shahram soleimani zahra moradi Abdolkarim MoghadamThe main objective of this research was to design a strategic management accounting model based on the development of accounting databases in crisis conditions and to validate the model. To achieve this objective, an exploratory sequential combination method was used, a MoreThe main objective of this research was to design a strategic management accounting model based on the development of accounting databases in crisis conditions and to validate the model. To achieve this objective, an exploratory sequential combination method was used, and the data was collected in two stages. In the qualitative part, using the Foundation's data method, through structured interviews with 20 experts who selected by theoretical sampling, data was collected and using the systematic design of Strauss and Corbin, codes and components were collected. Strategic management accounting based on the development of accounting databases was obtained in crisis conditions and compiled in the form of a conceptual data model of the foundation. Based on the findings from the qualitative stage, a questionnaire and a preliminary model were designed, and after measuring its validity and reliability, this questionnaire was implemented through the participation of 267 managers and specialists of listed companies, and the findings of the research showed The most predictive model is related to key variables including culture-building, information sharing in companies, orientation to companies' strategies through accounting information systems and trust building among different layers of the company. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
35 - Investigation of water resources threats in GIS with passive defense approach
مرضیه عبدالهی Zahra AziziWater shortage is one of the most important and fundamental crises in the country, which in addition to environmental problems, has also occurred in the social and security fields. Investigating the water crisis in different areas is necessary to predict the defensive m MoreWater shortage is one of the most important and fundamental crises in the country, which in addition to environmental problems, has also occurred in the social and security fields. Investigating the water crisis in different areas is necessary to predict the defensive measures needed in management and to prevent social consequences. The present study was conducted using GIS and participatory analysis of factors affecting the creation and intensification of water crisis in Boenzahra city. For this purpose, first information layers including drought, soil categories, rate of evapotranspiration, average annual rainfall, surface geological outcrops, distance from permanent rivers, discharge rate or discharge of deep wells The user was prepared and standardized using a triangular fuzzy function, and the final layer of water crisis areas was generated using a linear weighted integration function. The results showed that the three main components of water discharge through deep wells, evapotranspiration and population density in the city are the most important factors involved in creating and exacerbating the water shortage crisis. Also, three water crisis floors were identified in the city, the middle risk class including the northern parts of Boenzahra city (area of 1016 square kilometers and about 34% of the total area of the city), the second floor or critical areas of water resources Which covers most of the eastern and central areas of Boenzahra city (39% of the city area, which is equal to 1155 square kilometers) and the third floor or areas in crisis (its area is about 830 square kilometers and 27% of the city area). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
36 - Extracting Resilience strategy map from the perspective of Islam in crisis management of organizations using the balanced scorecard approach and fuzzy DEMATEL technique
Ahmad Ebrahimi Fatemeh Azizabadi-Farahani Minoo Laffafchi Soroor LaffafchiPurpose: Resilience as a strategy in crisis management of organizations, for this purpose, while using the lessons of Islam and Quranic teachings, as well as obtaining the opinion of experts, by extracting the map of resilience strategy from the perspective of Islam and MorePurpose: Resilience as a strategy in crisis management of organizations, for this purpose, while using the lessons of Islam and Quranic teachings, as well as obtaining the opinion of experts, by extracting the map of resilience strategy from the perspective of Islam and also prioritizing Criteria, using the balanced scorecard approach and fuzzy DEMATEL technique, provide the grounds for growth and stability of the organization in crisis situations.Research Method: This research has been done with a qualitative approach, in terms of applied purpose and in terms of analytical-explanatory nature. In this research, 20 experts from the academic, industrial and academic community of the Quranic field have been used to collect their opinions on the dimensions extracted from the literature and the Delphi method.Methods: The resilience strategy map was extracted in crisis management and criteria prioritization was performed using a balanced scorecard and fuzz DEMATEL technique.Results: In the process of extracting resilience map from the Islamic point of view, having strategy and preparedness were recognized as the most effective factors for organizations 'readiness in crises. The extracted map can be a suitable framework for developing organizations' plans for crisis management. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
37 - The identity crisis and consumerism in the younger generation Research in high school girls Arak Urban Society
farhad EmamjomeConsumerism and the identity crisis have in fact become one of the common and important components of the modern and postmodern era. This article aims to analyze and disseminate the subject and to promote the scientific knowledge of cultural activists of the society in MoreConsumerism and the identity crisis have in fact become one of the common and important components of the modern and postmodern era. This article aims to analyze and disseminate the subject and to promote the scientific knowledge of cultural activists of the society in relation to consumerism and identity crisis in high school girls. The study was conducted with brief conceptual and conceptual discussions and survey method, questionnaire and cluster sampling among 356 female high school students in Arak District in2018. Results: Among consumer goods bearing effective symbols, a positive attitude toward the use of consumer goods, and There is a significant relationship between the use of mass media, and the tendency to (non-Iranian) culture of identity crisis among female high school students in Arak. The consumption of new goods and lifestyles for the person being identified; and the performance of the media induce the audience to value the use of this and that new consumer product or product. The instability and multiplicity of consumer goods and symbols in the challenge of the hegemony of modern society has become an important ground for the identity crisis of the young generation of students. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
38 - The leadership model of the Supreme Leader in the Corona crisis
Mohsen ManteghiBackground: The Corona crisis has created widespread problems in people's current lives. The Supreme Leader of the Islamic Republic, from the beginning of the formation of this crisis, according to the views of health experts, adopted a special model for crisis manageme MoreBackground: The Corona crisis has created widespread problems in people's current lives. The Supreme Leader of the Islamic Republic, from the beginning of the formation of this crisis, according to the views of health experts, adopted a special model for crisis management. The model of corona crisis management can be identified from His Majesty's orders and actions. Research Method: This study was conducted in a qualitative manner based on content analysis method with the aim of exploring the views of the Supreme Leader in the Corona crisis. Statistical population: A collection of lectures, messages, and actions of the Supreme Leader during 1399, which has been presented regarding the corona and has been compiled in a library collection manner. Conclusion: Based on the accepted approaches in crisis management and based on the study conducted in this study, the Supreme Leader, in three areas of psychological, socio-political, and technical-structural, have used six main components for crisis management, which are: Comprehensiveness of attitude, spirituality and piety, ethics, social empathy, intelligent behavior, and organizational reform. Identifying and understanding this pattern can be a good way to manage the crises of Islamic society. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
39 - The effect of the social network Facebook on the social and cultural identity of students of Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch of Tehran
Akram Zare Ebrahim Abad Bibisadat MiresmailiVirtual social networks are a new generation of social relationships that make life so much space; they have been able to work well in living room. Many people of different ages and from different social groups have come together in social networks from great distances MoreVirtual social networks are a new generation of social relationships that make life so much space; they have been able to work well in living room. Many people of different ages and from different social groups have come together in social networks from great distances in the real world; communicate with each other through social networks. Social networks have a strong role in today's world and cannot be ignored. The sites on different aspects of individual and social life and in our country and even international influence and why are expanding and a far greater role in the future and will play an even more important in life. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the social network Facebook as the most popular social network today and its role in social change and cultural identity. The research is descriptive and correlational. The population of this research included all students of Islamic Azad University, Science and Research, is 1392 years. Stratified random sampling method is. Cochran formula was used to determine the sample size of 265 was calculated sample. The questionnaire is self-made. SPSS software is used to analyze the data and chi-square test and Friedman. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
40 - Cultural Crisis and the Study of Crisis Management Solutions: Emphasis on the Cultural Management Viewpoint of the Ministry of cultural & Islamic Guidance
Fatemeh Azizabadi FarahaniAiming at the significance of focusing on the cultural issues and the role ofthe cultural managers in the organizations, this essay studied the cultural crisisand the ways to manage it based on the Islamic Guidance and culture'smanagers' point of view. Pre-supposing tha MoreAiming at the significance of focusing on the cultural issues and the role ofthe cultural managers in the organizations, this essay studied the cultural crisisand the ways to manage it based on the Islamic Guidance and culture'smanagers' point of view. Pre-supposing that the gap between the firstgeneration and the second as well as the third, results from the fact thatIslamic values and beliefs have not been institutionalized among the thirdgeneration, the researcher designs the hypothesis that the cultural conflicts in acultural system, while cultural invasions, results in a cultural crisis in thecountry. Data, via field study and interview with forty managers from theIslamic Guidance and Cultural Ministry, was collected and after analysis,findings showed that the cultural differences among three generations werebecause of the week transfer of the values and cultural attitudes toward theyoung generation. Inappropriate cultural managers, different decision andpolicy makers, as well as the lack of coordination among cultural institutionswere the causes of the cultural disorders Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
41 - Spirituality in Crisis & the Massage of Islamic Mystics to Modern Human Beings (Based on the Viewpoints of Molavi & Hafez)
دکتر ناصر مهدویResearches done today are mostly based on the fact that spirituality in modernsocieties is in Crisis. These researches initially discuss modern human being thenstudy the changes made in Modernism period, its impact on the society (modernhuman's way of thinking about the MoreResearches done today are mostly based on the fact that spirituality in modernsocieties is in Crisis. These researches initially discuss modern human being thenstudy the changes made in Modernism period, its impact on the society (modernhuman's way of thinking about the world and their specifications) and the source ofcrisis in this period and the dimensions of crisis in the modern human being.Following the foresaid studies come the studies about Islamic societies and Muslim'sspirituality which is done based on the massages of Islamic mystics such as Molaviand Hafez. Through their point of view, new studies have tried to define how aspiritual society should be and what influences this kind of society would have onhuman's life. Finally, the researcher comes to the conclusion that human must returntoward spirituality and he must also change his point of view about God and the worldin order to emancipate from all the mental and spiritual emptiness and distraught. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
42 - Study and the role of social capital components in the crisis of Lake Urmia (Emphasizing the management of the operation and maintenance of irrigation and drainage networks in Bonab plain
Mohammad Sadeqh Oliaei Farhad Paknia somayeh aziziSocial capital is considered by researchers as an explanatory variable in various social, political and economic issues. On the other hand, the Urmia Lake crisis has become an environmental and operational challenge during the last decade. In this study, considering the MoreSocial capital is considered by researchers as an explanatory variable in various social, political and economic issues. On the other hand, the Urmia Lake crisis has become an environmental and operational challenge during the last decade. In this study, considering the importance of the issue of social capital in human and social studies, its relation with farmers' desire to revive Lake Urmia has been addressed .In order to study the various components of social capital on farmers' tendency to help restore Lake Urmia, a questionnaire related to the elements of trust, coherence, participation and tendency was designed and completed field by farmers. Data were analyzed by SPSS software. The results show that the level of social participation is more important than the other two components, although the effect of the component of trust and coherence is significant and significant. The results show that by increasing one unit to the percentage of social capital of 0.34%, it increases the willingness of people to participate in the settlement of Urumia Lake crisis. The results of the factor analysis of the component of social participation is statistically indicative of a good model (CFI=0/88). Lack of attention to social participation in solving the Urumia Lake crisis as a social, human, environmental, economic, political and climate crisis will have irreparable consequences in all human and environmental spheres of life. It is also necessary to evaluate the concept of trust and coherence of individuals and ways to increase these dimensions of social capital Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
43 - Investigating and analyzing the Role of ethnic Gaps in Post-Revolutionary geopolitical crisis in Iran in order to effect the system in border regions: A Case Study of Western borders
Ali Abdullah Nejad heidar lotfi Majid Karimpour Ali Asghar esmaeil Pour RoshanThe role of ethnic divisions in post-revolutionary geopolitical crises in Iran, especially on the western borders, has been very influential.Considering the diversity and breadth of space arrangement in the western parts of the country, surveying is the most appropriate MoreThe role of ethnic divisions in post-revolutionary geopolitical crises in Iran, especially on the western borders, has been very influential.Considering the diversity and breadth of space arrangement in the western parts of the country, surveying is the most appropriate way to investigate large-scale ethnic identity.The main purpose of this article is to explain and analyze the role of ethnic divisions in post-revolutionary geopolitical crises in Iran with emphasis on the western borders.The main question of this article is what are the opportunities and threats, as well as strengths and weaknesses, of the role of ethnic divisions in post-revolutionary geopolitical crises in Iran especially on the western borders?In this study, a cross-sectional survey with two purposes of description and explanation is used. In the field of description, the purpose is to present a picture of how the statistical population is based on the variables considered, especially in terms of the dimensions of ethnic identity and its predominant type.At the analysis or explanation scale, the purpose is to find the relationships between the independent variables and the dependent variable and to attempt to explain the changes, or better, the variance of the dependent variable based on the independent variables.In this study, a questionnaire was used to measure variables. The results of this article show that ethnic divisions apart from the crisis of separatism and independence can create other geopolitical crises including development crisis, geographic isolation crisis and participation crisis. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
44 - Study the effects of the collective identity of the Kurds (Sociological study of the effects of socio-economic development of ethnic identity in the city of Mahabad)
hassan rashidi مصطفی ازکیا منصور وثوقیThe contemporary world has created major changes in the various socio-economic fields , But occurrence of modernity, traditional and local identities elements have been continued, If coexist and continuity of the collective identity to created a new social, It can be sa MoreThe contemporary world has created major changes in the various socio-economic fields , But occurrence of modernity, traditional and local identities elements have been continued, If coexist and continuity of the collective identity to created a new social, It can be said that this situation is largely represent theories of post-development.This study seeks to answer questions related to “ The impact of development on” and Based on the nature of the methodology used ( Grounded Theory ) To explain the causes, context, strategies and deals with the consequences of the impact. And the method of grounded theory with field-depth interviews and contributions among residents of the city of Mahabad has used.It can be determined that economic and technological development projects and modernization of all aspects of individual and social life has changed, And has established crisis-Kurdish ethnic identity And "weakening of ethnic identity" in various aspects of economic, linguistic, religious, lifestyle … , Due to "the formation of false or incomplete knowledge" The elements such as: rationality, democracy, science …, It can be acknowledged that while "the emergence of some elements of modernity", "uneven and unequal development" has been created. And on the other "new opportunities for ethnic-Kurdish identity" is prepared . And "position, the Kurds" was promoted in the region The central issue revolves around research “ Creating uneven development during the crisis in ethnic-Kurdish “ It's formed. Grounded theory "uneven development, new forms of inequality and ethnic-Kurdish identity" of Kurdish. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
45 - The role of social apathy in the brand crisis caused by the food safety scandal in under development societies
sara hamidi Karim Hamdi Mohammad Hassan BehzadiDue to the high use of technology, fast delivery, meeting customer expectations in a competitive world and huge competition in the food industry, food safety scandal has become a common phenomenon (Utkal Khandelwal et al.2018). As a result, the main purpose of this arti MoreDue to the high use of technology, fast delivery, meeting customer expectations in a competitive world and huge competition in the food industry, food safety scandal has become a common phenomenon (Utkal Khandelwal et al.2018). As a result, the main purpose of this article is to identify the indicators and components of the brand crisis and its antecedents and consequences. For this purpose, interpretive paradigm, qualitative approach, and the theory of grand theory (data foundation) were used. In order to reach professors and experts in the field of marketing, especially the brand, the snowball sampling method was chosen and the tactic of hidden content analysis was used to analyze in-depth interviews and related articles of the day. Since the data format was audio and text, MAXQDA 2020 software was used for coding. Findings and results show that employer branding (employee engagement), strategic marketing management, country infrastructure are the main antecedents of the brand crisis. Indifference to brand revenge is also a major consequence under development societies. In fact, the main gap between developing societies and developed countries in the lack of employee engagement is due to the anomic situation and consumers apathetic. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
46 - Presenting the structural policy model of the country's water crisis management
Seyed hasan mahdavifar baharak shirzad Fateme hamidifar Abbas khorshidi The decrease in rainfall, increase in temperature and excessive consumption of water in 1402 has ledto the biggest crisis of the century in the field of water. This importance has increased the need to pay attentionto the policy issue of crisis management in the c More The decrease in rainfall, increase in temperature and excessive consumption of water in 1402 has ledto the biggest crisis of the century in the field of water. This importance has increased the need to pay attentionto the policy issue of crisis management in the country's water. The current research is a quantitative research interms of practical purpose and in terms of data collection method. The technique or method used in thequantitative section is survey. The statistical population of this research includes all the experts and managers ofthe water field in the country, which due to the vastness of the researched population, the size of the populationis unlimited and above one hundred thousand people. According to Morgan's table, 384 sample people arerequired, of which 397 questionnaires were returned to the researcher. Non-random sampling method isavailable. In this research, a 21-item questionnaire was used to answer the research questions. Cronbach'salpha coefficient was used to measure the reliability of the research items or measures. Cronbach's alphacoefficient above 0.70 is acceptable as an alpha coefficient and shows that there is a relationship and continuitybetween the items or questions of each variable. The results of the implementation of the research model showthat the highest coefficient of the path is related to the political dimension with a coefficient of 0.889 and thesecond place is the legal dimension with a coefficient of 0.766. And the lowest path coefficient is related to theclimatic dimension with a coefficient of 0.504. The results of the t-test show that at the 99% confidence level, themanagerial, economic, political, cultural and climatic dimensions are in a poor condition, and only two legaland social dimensions are in a favorable condition out of the total dimensions examined in terms of the researchsample. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
47 - The Assessment of the Effects of Development on the Kurds’ Collective Identity (A Sociological Study of the Impacts of Development on Ethnic identity in Mahabad city)
Hassan Rashidi Mostafa Azkia -
Open Access Article
48 - The Crisis Management in Regional Encounters (Case of Study: The Imposed War)
Abbas Mosallanezhad -
Open Access Article
49 - Study and the role of social capital components in the crisis of Lake Urmia (Emphasizing the management of the operation and maintenance of irrigation and drainage networks in Bonab plain
Mohammad Sadegh Oliaie Farhad Paknia Somayeh AziziSocial capital is considered by researchers as an explanatory variable in various social, political and economic issues. On the other hand, the Urmia Lake crisis has become an environmental and operational challenge during the last decade. In this study, considering the MoreSocial capital is considered by researchers as an explanatory variable in various social, political and economic issues. On the other hand, the Urmia Lake crisis has become an environmental and operational challenge during the last decade. In this study, considering the importance of the issue of social capital in human and social studies, its relation with farmers' desire to revive Lake Urmia has been addressed .In order to study the various components of social capital on farmers' tendency to help restore Lake Urmia, a questionnaire related to the elements of trust, coherence, participation and tendency was designed and completed field by farmers. Data were analyzed by SPSS software. The results show that the level of social participation is more important than the other two components, although the effect of the component of trust and coherence is significant and significant. The results show that by increasing one unit to the percentage of social capital of 0.34%, it increases the willingness of people to participate in the settlement of Urumia Lake crisis. The results of the factor analysis of the component of social participation is statistically indicative of a good model (CFI=0/88). Lack of attention to social participation in solving the Urumia Lake crisis as a social, human, environmental, economic, and political and climate crisis will have irreparable consequences in all human and environmental spheres of life. It is also necessary to evaluate the concept of trust and coherence of individuals and ways to increase these dimensions of social capital. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
50 - survey about socio-cultural factors influencing tendency toward western culture between students of University of Applied Science and Technology (A case study in unit- 23)
Soroush Fathi Ahmadreza Farahani Noushin Ilbeigi -
Open Access Article
51 - Physical criteria-traffic analysis and vulnerability assessment in Tehran 21 With an emphasis on crisis management
rahim gholami RAHIM SARVAR MAJID VALI SHARIAT PANAHI ZAHRA PISHGAHI FARDThe aim of this study was to analyze the vulnerability of the network in the event of accidents, with an emphasis on crisis management. Evidence suggests that in the event of accidents, the potential for insecurity, social disorder offenses and the offenders increases a MoreThe aim of this study was to analyze the vulnerability of the network in the event of accidents, with an emphasis on crisis management. Evidence suggests that in the event of accidents, the potential for insecurity, social disorder offenses and the offenders increases and the occurrence of both events and social unrest urban traffic management is difficult. In this study, 6 main criteria to determine the network's physical and spatial area 21 Tehran And using the (AHP) Was used to assess the vulnerability of the network in the event of accidents. This study cross - functional purpose Bashd.drgrdavry library and field data (questionnaire) was based on expert opinion. In this study, using some of the capabilities of GIS software to analyze several major objective in the management street networks of crisis events In the 21st District the potential vulnerability of the region based on physical conditions is shown. Based on the output maps and statistical analysis of the results، Town of North Cheetgar, town shahrdari, town Vilashahr,town Esteghlal and town 22 most risky and town Vardavard, town Darya and town Tehransar e gharbi of the safest areas of the Municipality, District21 And other vulnerabilities in the region are relatively low. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
52 - Explaining the Situation of the Syrian Alevis After the Crisis
Abu taleb Ahmadi orkomi Gholam Hassan Heidari abdolreza farajiradthe geopolitical importance of Syria and its strategic role in regional and international relations have contributed to the creation and continuation of these unrest.Although developments in Syria have partly been rooted in the dissatisfaction of the various strata and Morethe geopolitical importance of Syria and its strategic role in regional and international relations have contributed to the creation and continuation of these unrest.Although developments in Syria have partly been rooted in the dissatisfaction of the various strata and the country's tense situation, there is no doubt that the common, and sometimes contradictory, interests of foreign countries in Syria are effective in deepening the civil war and spreading the crisis.By dealing with the question: What is the position of the Syrian Alevis after the expansion of the crisis in this country?this paper attempts to explain the political situation of the Syrian Alevis government after the start of the civil war in the country using a descriptive-analytical method and with the benefit of library studies. In this regard, the following hypothesis is presented: The political power of the Alawite government in Syria has declined since the expansion of the civil war. The studies conducted to prove the above hypothesis reflect the fact that the Alawite political system in Syria has been severely damaged economically, governmentally, international recognition and demographically, after the start of the protests and the spread of the crisis in this country and does not have the previous legitimacy. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
53 - Locating Urban Vulnerable Areas Using Crisis Management Approach Using GIS and Weighted Overlapping Model (Case Study: region 17 of Tehran)
Nemat Hosseinzadeh Elham Amini Mohammadyar Kermani Sadegh Shakori Esmat KhanmohammadiRegion 17 of Tehran Municipality is the second district in terms of population density and 80% of worn and unstable tissue in terms of physical tissue type. Accordingly, the main purpose of this study is proper crisis management in Region 17 of Tehran Municipality, usin MoreRegion 17 of Tehran Municipality is the second district in terms of population density and 80% of worn and unstable tissue in terms of physical tissue type. Accordingly, the main purpose of this study is proper crisis management in Region 17 of Tehran Municipality, using a descriptive-analytical method and using a weighted overlap model in the GIS environment. To achieve this goal, the vulnerable areas in this area were first zoned and then from several layers including population density, quality of buildings, proximity to roads, proximity to open spaces, medical centers, fire stations and... was used in the study area. The results of the research show that the opportunities of the range are more than the threats and the weaknesses of the range are more than the strengths and the acceptable strategy for the optimal management of the earthquake crisis is in the range of the review strategy and then the defensive strategy. And in order to organize these contexts, all aspects of it, such as the social and cultural context formed in these contexts, must take into account the participation of the people in all stages, including planning and implementation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
54 - Spatial analysis and explain the location model of vulnerable land uses in the face of abnormal crises (Case study: Mashhad)
Mohammad Reza Akhavan Abdollahian Seyed Moslem Seyedalhoseni toktam hanaee fatemeh mohammadniay gharaeiAs human knowledge advances in various fields, the probability of their vulnerability to natural and man-made crises has increased significantly.One of the important issues from the perspective of crisis management is to identify suitable places for deploying vulnerable MoreAs human knowledge advances in various fields, the probability of their vulnerability to natural and man-made crises has increased significantly.One of the important issues from the perspective of crisis management is to identify suitable places for deploying vulnerable uses in order to provide quick assistance in times of crisis.The present article seeks to locate these uses based on efficient criteria in the city of Mashhad.The method of the present study is descriptive and location and is applied in terms of purpose. Gathering information from library sources and published documents and statistics.Numerous criteria were determined using the opinion of experts and determining the degree of importance of criteria and sub-criteria and prioritizing vulnerable users was done with the help of confirmatory factor analysis and hierarchical analysis and related software.Based on the combination of different layers of information, it was possible to determine the degree of vulnerability. Therefore, based on the analysis, some vulnerable areas are not in a good position in terms of criteria. A suitable model was proposed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
55 - Investigating the effective factors of urban crisis management against natural disasters (case study of Baqershahr city)
alireza nasripoor Azadeh Arbabi Sabzevari masomi sohrabi hamidreza joodakiNatural disasters are a phenomenon that neglecting them will lead to irreparable damage. Baqershahr as one of the important cities of Tehran province due to the presence of several active faults and seasonal and permanent rivers around and inside Venice. Behesht Zahra l MoreNatural disasters are a phenomenon that neglecting them will lead to irreparable damage. Baqershahr as one of the important cities of Tehran province due to the presence of several active faults and seasonal and permanent rivers around and inside Venice. Behesht Zahra large sanctuary has a high vulnerability to natural and physical hazards, the presence of dense urban fabric, the main fault of Rey Garmsar, rivers north of Tehran and worn texture are factors that lead to the study of effective factors in crisis management. Due to the nature of the research method, it is descriptive-analytical. First, the research findings include the criteria considered in crisis management, including the existence of storage system, specialized equipment and appropriate operational organization, specialized manpower, information system, operational effectiveness and information system for residents, infrastructure and communication facilities. These factors have been done by urban planning experts, urban planning by questionnaire information in the study area and the analysis of factors and variables has been done by multi-factor analysis, variance, regression and Pearson test. In fact, factors and coefficients in storage criteria And support equal to 16.2 percent, specialized equipment and the existence of a suitable structure of operational organization 11.65 percent, Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
56 - Prediction of Citizens' Participation in Crisis Management Based on Time Allocation Theory (Case Study of Mashhad City)
Rostam SaberifarThis research was conducted by descriptive and analytical methods in the form of classical time allocation theory. The required data were obtained from the emergency response plan of Mashhad Municipality neighborhoods. These data were analyzed using two parameters, para MoreThis research was conducted by descriptive and analytical methods in the form of classical time allocation theory. The required data were obtained from the emergency response plan of Mashhad Municipality neighborhoods. These data were analyzed using two parameters, parametric and non-parametric local logit. The results showed that age and literacy have a positive effect on the likelihood of participation. Also, non-working income and spouse income have a positive effect on the presence of participation. Men's housing status has a positive and significant effect on participation in the project. But the effect of this variable is not significant for women. The number of female children has a positive and significant effect on the presence of women in participation. But it does not make sense in men's decisions. Also, all children have a positive effect on women's participation, but this variable does not have a significant effect on men's participation decision. The results of non-parametric method such as parametric method showed that the variables of age, level of education and number of children increase the likelihood of women and men participating in participatory activities in the field of crisis management. According to these findings, in order to encourage households to participate in the project, these background features should be considered. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
57 - Effective Factors Concerning the management and building of urban accommodation
محمود RAHIMI اصغر NAZARIAN In our country, the issue of accommodation in big cities is turaning in to an unsolvable problem so thet the majority of low-income and working-class people are facing the incleasing crisis of poor housing . Housing problem inIran,especially in big cities,has wor More In our country, the issue of accommodation in big cities is turaning in to an unsolvable problem so thet the majority of low-income and working-class people are facing the incleasing crisis of poor housing . Housing problem inIran,especially in big cities,has worsened due to rise of population on one hand, and tendency towards urban life on the other hand, since 1350 (1971) . This has happened because in recent decades preparing accommodation, both in quantity and quality, has been provided less than necessary . In this essay, we will discuss and evaluate the proposed solutions by the government concerning offering subsidies to the low-income citizens. Meanwhile, we review investment policies in accommodation, and factors affecting property value. Finally, wewill analyse the role of strategic management concerning building and allocating urban accommodation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
58 - An analysis on the Existing Problems in the Area of Tea Cultivation and industry in Iran
حسن AfrakhtehThe cultivation of tea was made popular in Iran in 1899 by Kashefosaltaneh . Itis currently cultivated in an expansive area covering approximately 34000hectare inthe southern coast of the Caspian Sea and now over 107 plants are processing andproducing this crop in diffe MoreThe cultivation of tea was made popular in Iran in 1899 by Kashefosaltaneh . Itis currently cultivated in an expansive area covering approximately 34000hectare inthe southern coast of the Caspian Sea and now over 107 plants are processing andproducing this crop in different areas of tea cultivation.By recently years about 47.6 percent of national tea consumption was supplieddomestically and the rest was imported. In recent years, the NDP share in proportion towhole national consumption has degraded (decreased) to 12.5%. Now over onehundred years have passed since the earlier date of tea cultivation begun. Thisindustry, however faces its critical conditions.This crisis was intensified and accelerated in 2004 due to the refusal show by plants tobuy the green tea leaf .This research mainly aims to identity the existing problems of tea cultivation andindustry as well as the effective factors affecting it. The research is based on data thatwere obtained through field research in eleven model tea cultivation farm and throughstudying some documents extracted from archives in national tea organization andother processed sources. Additionally, the collected data were analyzed by reviewingcorrelation coefficient between the variables. Also Spearman's non-parametriccorrelation coefficient was used to investigate the linear correlation betweenqualitative variables.The result shows that the ecological condition, land ownes system, green leafpricing system and policy, method of producing tea and commercial system allconstitute interrelated collection that influence the crisis of tea cultivation and industryin Iran. As a result, Iranian tea has no suitable quality and the authorities can notsupply more qualitative tea than the competition. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
59 - CONSIDERATION OF THE GEOPOLITIC “PERSIAN GULF CONFLICT 1991-90”
معصومه Taheri-MousaviGiven new global conditions, an understanding of the Persian Gulf developmentsfamiliarity of their background. This familiarity will lead us towards the predication offeature events. Perhaps one of the most useful approaches would be to analyze theapproaches of great po MoreGiven new global conditions, an understanding of the Persian Gulf developmentsfamiliarity of their background. This familiarity will lead us towards the predication offeature events. Perhaps one of the most useful approaches would be to analyze theapproaches of great powers and their impacts on the Persian Gulf region. The aim ofthis article is to provide answers of the following questions:Does Persian Gulf conflict 1991-90 according to international crisis? How wouldbe the situation of regional countries in this crisis? Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
60 - Earthquake Crisis Management in Tehran Metropolis
Taghi kazemitariTehran city, with regard to urban making standards and geographical definitions, isidentified as a metropolis and the issue which constantly comes up in this city, isearthquake crisis management. And the main question is that whether the structure ofexisting organizatio MoreTehran city, with regard to urban making standards and geographical definitions, isidentified as a metropolis and the issue which constantly comes up in this city, isearthquake crisis management. And the main question is that whether the structure ofexisting organizations for managing the quake crisis is responsible?In this article it has been tried, to explaning crisis and crisis management, Tehransituation and quake risks, vulnerability and quake consequences and prediction offuture in Tehran. It is identified that this organism is not responsible for crisismanagement in Tehran metropolis, because the existence of 24 issues and challengestoward the management of quake crisis in Tehran. They are identified by interviewwith experts and managers and eventually to remove them and create the qualifiedmanagement, the12 items suggestions are recommended, the most important of that is:To establish an integrated urban management in a way that all sources of power,including public forces, civilian police and military forces, public institutions undermunicipality and popular institutes to be responsible before the head of crisisheadquarters(e.g. Tehran mayor), in fact, structural and legal problems to be resolvedand the powers of crisis manager to be increased. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
61 - Effectiveness of “crisis staff OJT (on the job training)” Appropriate strategies on enhancing the earthquake preparedness
دکتر اختر جمالی کیوان فاتحی منشThe purpose of this research is to investigate the effectiveness of district one of Tehran metropolitan crisis staff OJT (on the job training) for formulating the improved training strategies on enhancing the earthquake preparedness. Preface & Aims : The aims MoreThe purpose of this research is to investigate the effectiveness of district one of Tehran metropolitan crisis staff OJT (on the job training) for formulating the improved training strategies on enhancing the earthquake preparedness. Preface & Aims : The aims of this survey are: 1.Measuring the results of OJT in the field of crisis management 2.The relation between needs and OJT And Finally ,present the appropriate strategies in relation to specialized training for the members of crisis management staff of district one of Tehran (focusing on earthquake preparedness) Research method: descriptive-analytic method Findings: The results of this research shows as follows: 1-There is a significant difference between the preparedness of the members of crisis management staff of district one of Tehran who have enjoyed OJT and the others (trained and not trained target members) 2-Effectiveness of OJT for the members of crisis management staff of district one of Tehran (about earthquake crisis management preparedness) in present situation has a significant difference with desired conditions. Results: Finally , appropriate strategies in relation to specialized training for the members of crisis management staff of district one of Tehran (focusing on earthquake preparedness) suggested as follows:1-Reviewing existing curriculum regarding the weakness and the strength points of the activities and the needs resulted from the study 2-Completing crisis management related data bank of the district with respect to the present and future needs 3- Defining and conducting a expertized curriculum concentrating on earthquake preparedness of crisis management staff. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
62 - The role of social capital in social crisis management Iranian metropolis (Case study in Rasht city)
حمیده رشادت جو علی اکبر رضایی میرنوید میرحق جوntroduction: In this study of six major components of social capitalinclude social trust, social participation, social protection, socialsolidarity, sense of security, life value, and for social crisis managementof the variable, prevention, preparedness, response and re Morentroduction: In this study of six major components of social capitalinclude social trust, social participation, social protection, socialsolidarity, sense of security, life value, and for social crisis managementof the variable, prevention, preparedness, response and reconstructionwas used.Method: This research, of objective standpoint, practical and methodstandpoint is the correlation description to determine the correlationbetween citizens' social capital and social crisis management and ofRasht metropolis offers. Statistical society of men and women is 20 to60 years in Rasht. Each of the indices was assessed using aquestionnaire developed. Information collected after the initialclassification using the software SPSS, descriptive and inferentialstatistics were analyzed. Test to determine the relationship between thevariables of to examine K-square and the relationship score of the indextau - b Kendall, as well as interactions between variables resarch andvariables personal detaile way analysis of mutual variance was used.Results: The analysts suggest the results of the research questions andhypotheses were between the social crisis management and socialcapital of Rasht metropolis there is a significant relationship whateverthe level of citizens' social capital as more will be added and socialcrisis management as well as more will be added. Therefore, in order toreduce the costs of economic, social, cultural, social crisis, metropolisin Iran The results of this research is to be cited and used in all levels ofurban management. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
63 - Analyze of Crisis Management in the System Identity of Contemporary Iranian Architecture and Urban Planning
nasim ashrafiIntroduction and Purpose of the Research: Understanding the crisis requires the systematization of theories. Today, crisis management in the field of architecture and urban planning is the focus of attention of most architects and urban planners, while the cultural, eco MoreIntroduction and Purpose of the Research: Understanding the crisis requires the systematization of theories. Today, crisis management in the field of architecture and urban planning is the focus of attention of most architects and urban planners, while the cultural, economic, political and social crises in this area have been neglected. Cultural crisis as the basis of other crises is a topic that should be considered more than once, and without a systemic view of organizing architects, economists, sociologists and politicians, this crisis can not be overcome. Research method: library and analytical Results: The present study, based on a systematic approach in the cultural, social, economic, and political spheres, and by comparing three fundamental methods, spectrum and survival management in crisis management, introduced the method of research in architectural crises of a fundamental type and identified the above crises In the aftermath of the Islamic Revolution in the domain of housing, which is rooted in the paradigm of Western individualism. Conclusion: The macroeconomic attitude in the field of crisis management in architecture and urbanism is one of the issues that should be addressed. as long as the thought of the verdict as the spirit of the system in creating the structure between the components of the system (architects, economists, politicians and sociologists ); The function of the architecture system and the urbanization of the product would be dumb and useless. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
64 - The Sociological study about the relation of identity and city
دکتر مهرداد نوابخش دکتر هوشنگ ظهیریIntroduction: the Disproportionate and rapid growth of cities have accused the problems such as morphology and heterogeneity in urban life. This has led to talk of urban identity and the identity of a city considered by sociologists, urban planners and designers should MoreIntroduction: the Disproportionate and rapid growth of cities have accused the problems such as morphology and heterogeneity in urban life. This has led to talk of urban identity and the identity of a city considered by sociologists, urban planners and designers should be. This article aims to explain the city's identity, the identity of the city and the urban crisis is written from the perspective of sociology. Method: This type of study is a qualitative research method that is based document library. Results: There are two approaches to the city's identity. The first approach views the environmental, climatic, technological, economic, political, security and cultural factors are important for the making of city's identity. The second approach focuses on the identity of the residents and builders of the city's identity. This approach focuses on the urban forms in each of the glorious periods of cultural, creative visualization are the creators. The city and the urban area is an indication of the identity of its builders and inhabitants. Therefore, city and its identity is based on the identity of its the builders and residents identity. According to Heidegger, Schultz and Dariush Shayegan comments, The identity crisis of the urban is related the crisis of ideas of its builders and residents. Conclusion: The identity of the city is the sign of man's identity. If society has a specific purpose and its residents as its builders aren't confused, distracted, Mimicked. So we can say the city has a soul and identity is integrated.its no matter that this sprit represents the devotion, or land forces. The City that has identity, it has a Centre and oriented. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
65 - Urban Crisis Management and Population Emergency Evacuation in Schools of Isfahan Educational Secondary District
Masoud Taghvaei Ali Jovzi KhamesloueiIntroduction and aim of research: the aims of this paper are the assessment of Isfahan educational secondary district schools in resistance process (resilient and flexible) on probable disaster and having main managerial indicator in planning and management of disaster MoreIntroduction and aim of research: the aims of this paper are the assessment of Isfahan educational secondary district schools in resistance process (resilient and flexible) on probable disaster and having main managerial indicator in planning and management of disaster and Population Emergency Evacuation. Research method: research method in the paper is Field work and analysis. Classification, computing and charting in SPSS and by mathematical formula after the survey of statistical society and collecting data from field on five months. Finally, the analysis of data has been written and maps were prepared by Arc GIS. Results: Reviewed schools are not in suitable situation due to the fundamental indicators and therefore are very vulnerable in disaster event. In ten fundamental indicators, only population distribution and heating systems are appropriate and the eight indicators are not appropriate. Among the 121 schools, just 33 schools have management standards and 109 schools have nothing standards. Even management standards of 33 schools have not enough rates. In ten management indicators, the benefit rates of seven indicators are medium, inappropriate and critical. Conclusions: Results of research show that resilience of school in Isfahan educational secondary districts due to fundamental indicators is low. On the other hand, benefit rates of management indicators is also weak and this weakness has severely damaged them in potential disasters. Eventually, the situation of schools in statistical society isinappropriate, vulnerable and critical due to integrated indicator (two fundamental and management indicators). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
66 - Crisis management in driving accidents (Case study: Yazd City)
میرنجف موسوی حسن اسماعیل زاده علی باقری کشکولیPurpose:Todays the occurrence of accidents is increasing in the cities of our country so that the financial and economic damages on the families would be high, and considering the fact that the economic, health, mental and social damages are not somehow compensable, it MorePurpose:Todays the occurrence of accidents is increasing in the cities of our country so that the financial and economic damages on the families would be high, and considering the fact that the economic, health, mental and social damages are not somehow compensable, it is necessary to take some effective measures for prevention of such driving accidents. Methodology: Based on the components of case study the research is practical-developmental and the methodology for interpretation is descriptive. The population is the number of accidents occurred between 2006- 2007 in Yazd. Finding: The analyses of accidents in Yazd show that 11000 accidents occur in different areas of this city annually, 5 percent of which is for the passengers. In a way that in every kilometers of the Main roads Degree, two main roads and Streets together, and player, 60, 40 and 50 accidents occur per year. It should be noted that the number of accidents per 10000 vehicles/ kilometers is about 400. The examination of the transportation network of Yazd shows that although the roads of Yazd are in a good condition considering the wide network for delivering services and traffic conditions, in some main roads and streets of the city such as Imam Khomeini (between Mojahedin and Amir Chakhmaq), ImamzadeJa'far (between Rajayi and Enghelab), DahomeFarvardin and Kashani (between Imam JafareSadegh and AbouzarSq) in the peak time at mornings or evening is saturated and they are considered as the critical axis of the city. In most accidents, the driving cars and motorcycles (12%) had been the agent of the accident. the number of accidents had been more between 12 to 14. So among those passing which had more accidents we can mention Ayat Allah Kashani, JomhouriIslami Boulevard, ShahidDashti Boulevard, Imam khomeni Street, ShahidMotahari Street, SeyedMohhamadPakzadeBlv, DaneshjoBlv, ShahidSadoghi, Azad shahr and Enghelab street and among the squares with the highest number of accident we can mention Shahid Ba Honar, Imam Hossein, ShohadayeMehrab, AbouzarmAbolfazl, Homafar and Atlasi Squares. Conclusion: According the conclusion from this research, the constitution of a safety management unit and organizing center, information and accident statistic center, increasing the awareness of public for safety, the improvement of passways, the use of safe vehicles, the use of modern technologies for transportation for observing the violation of laws, the development of designing and locating signs and safety tools and equipment for roads, the improvement of the observation and execution of regulation, the improvement of public transportation systems, and the improvement of their service offering, organizing the passing of motorcycles are recommended for improving the security and safety in Yazd. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
67 - An Analysis of the Distribution of Parks in Ahwaz District in Crisis Management
ZAHRA nazari mohammadreza zandmoghadamIntroduction & Purpose: With the development of societies and the complexity of internal relations of societies, the number of crises caused by natural disasters and man-made has increased, and these crises are increasing every day. Among natural disasters, hydro-cl MoreIntroduction & Purpose: With the development of societies and the complexity of internal relations of societies, the number of crises caused by natural disasters and man-made has increased, and these crises are increasing every day. Among natural disasters, hydro-climatic disasters, including floods and geological disasters, such as earthquakes, bring more human casualties and economic losses than any other disaster, and how to respond to disasters and respond to disasters with the level of development and progress of each country. has it. This study aimed to distribute crisis management in Ahwaz District 4 parks Method:This research is descriptive-analytical based on the nature of the topic and the goals for which it is predicted. Calculated and obtained based on Cochran's formula. Data were analyzed by SPSS software using T-test and AHP model. Findings: The mean obtained from completing the questionnaire (3.46) is larger than the mean of the community (3). As a result, the hypothesis is confirmed. The result of the AHP model in this study is that it identifies the best places to create bi-purpose green space in area four in the south and southeast. Due to the high membership function of most layers in these areas and the lack of green space and the existence of adaptation applications such as waste land, this result is confirmed by the land use map. Conclusion: Parks and gardens play an important role in reducing the extent of action and the consequences of the majority of natural disasters. One of the most important functions of parks and gardens when disasters are to isolate one area is the potential for danger, thereby concentrating destructive activity and preventing the development of a chain of events. Parks and gardens can also be considered as an area of emergency, with the possibility of escaping, settling and taking refuge. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
68 - Application of Era-Based Cellular Planning for Crisis Management of Earthquake in Tehran with Emphasis on Scenario Planning
mohadeseh Azimi A. A. Pourezzat آرین Gholipour A. A. SaadabadiTehran including earthquake-prone cities in the world those Seismic scientists have repeatedly warned about the earthquake in it. Recently, scientists have considered scenario planning and comprehensive programs for disaster. Therefore, era-based cellular planning (ECP) MoreTehran including earthquake-prone cities in the world those Seismic scientists have repeatedly warned about the earthquake in it. Recently, scientists have considered scenario planning and comprehensive programs for disaster. Therefore, era-based cellular planning (ECP) which has many scenarios to confront with probability future is suggested. For investigating the possibility of using this planning was interviewed with ten experts at universities and related organizations and used thematic technique for analysis data. 6 themes- how to scenario planning, relations between scenarios, step by step scenario planning and the most important scenarios for each phase - has finally been found. Paying attention to knowledge of scenario planning based on ECP's characteristics such as dividing scenarios to sub-scenarios, creating synergetic relations between sub-scenarios and consideration to era of each scenario is the innovation of research which shows that scenario planning is possible and it is necessary for studying in infrastructures to create better crisis management. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
69 - determine the effectiveness of using the SCADA systems in Water and sewage in crisis management
Majid Kalantari Afsaneh Zamani MoghadamIntroduction and research objectives: Crisis management has many aspects, which include the need to use the new advances and technologies for collection of correct information and for appropriate and timely response to crisis creating processes. Industrial automation is MoreIntroduction and research objectives: Crisis management has many aspects, which include the need to use the new advances and technologies for collection of correct information and for appropriate and timely response to crisis creating processes. Industrial automation is the means of realizing this goal and the most comprehensive forms of these systems, which have been designed with a holistic approach to management of systems in operation during crisis and emergencies are the SCADA systems. This article has been written with the objective of reviewing the effectiveness level of SCADA systems in the crisis management of urban water and wastewater companies (case study of Alborz Provincial Water and Wastewater Company), to be able to analyze their role and impact on crisis management by monitoring the condition of installations in operation circuit equipped with SCADA as compared to those devoid of such systems. Methodology: The methodology in this research is descriptive and post event approach. The reason for this view is that given the financial weaknesses of the urban water and wastewater companies, the high costs of installing the SCADA system and the lack of proper planning (for setting up or completing the ongoing SCADA projects Findings: The results of this study demonstrate the effectiveness of SCADA system on pre and during crisis management as well as the comprehensive crisis management of the Alborz Water and Wastewater Company, while it has no impact on the post crisis management of the Company. Conclusion: Based on the research findings and the data analysis conducted, among the three stages of pre, during and post crisis management, the SCADA system leaves its greatest impact before and during the crisis. As prevention is always better than cure and since in this project in parallel to confirming the effectiveness of SCADA system in managing the crisis during its occurrence has been demonstrated, the use of such control systems appears to be an undeniable necessity, which ought to be included in the agenda of every water and wastewater company in the country. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
70 - Development of an Optimal Patern of Spatial identity in New Cities(Case Study of Parand New City)
maryam soufi ebrahim hajiani seyed reza salehi amiriIntroduction and purpose of the research : Location identity affects the quality of human-location relationship and individual identity. One of the plausible reasons for the failure of the new cities is their lack of identity. The crisis of identity will have unpleasant MoreIntroduction and purpose of the research : Location identity affects the quality of human-location relationship and individual identity. One of the plausible reasons for the failure of the new cities is their lack of identity. The crisis of identity will have unpleasant consequences. The purpose of this investigation is recognition of a desirable spatial identification pattern in the newly established city of Parandresearch method :For the purpose, the qualitative method has been basically employed and the quantitative method (using numbers and figures as descriptive to complete the qualitative information) has been also used. Studying the three components of spatial identificationResearch findings: Research has found that Parand enjoys an appropriate status in terms of the natural identity components however the city suffers from an incompatibility and heterogeneity in terms of the artificial and social identity makers and this has contributed to absence of common culture and the lack of communication with the urban environment and finally crisis of identity.Conclusion :Therefore, it is suggested to adopt a participatory and bottom-up approach and appropriate social and cultural management for expanding the social and cultural capital indicators that create common culture and communication with the urban environment Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
71 - Examining the components of urban resilience with an emphasis on natural disasters (earthquake) Case study: District 16 Tehran
Haniya Tavakkoli Ahmad Khadem Al-Hassani Iraj Khosravi HaghivandCities today extend their spatial territories, whereas they become more susceptible to natural and man-made threats. Being located in the earthquake-prone belt of Himalayas, on average every five years, Iran faces an earthquake of magnitude of seven in Richter scale. Gi MoreCities today extend their spatial territories, whereas they become more susceptible to natural and man-made threats. Being located in the earthquake-prone belt of Himalayas, on average every five years, Iran faces an earthquake of magnitude of seven in Richter scale. Given the existence of active faults, Tehran is always at risk of earthquakes and has higher probability of accidents due to socio-economic-physical risk factors like high concentration of population, weak structures, weak adaptation of public services, housing, and so on, compared to other cities in Iran. As is clear, cities are complex systems constantly exposed to various interactions. Thus, to make such a great complex with its own complexities resilient and efficient, we need to draft some principles that clarify the path to achieving this goal. The purpose of the present study was to examine the components of urban resilience (case study: District 16 Tehran) with an emphasis on the natural incident earthquake. The study was conducted using a questionnaire, determining the total volume of samples, and using Cochran method along simple random sampling formula. Thus, 200 questionnaires were analyzed according to a 5-option Likert scale and t-test using SPSS. The results showed that urban resilience components at economic level include the role of providing services and increasing incentives for housing reform with an average of 3.39 percent was the most proper and the belief in planning to reduce the devastating effects of the earthquake with the priority of increasing revenue of people with an average of 1.92 are the most improper economic components. The social level includes the participation in training courses to deal with the damage caused by an earthquake and to reduce its effect with an average of 3.38 as the most proper and transfer the experiences for reduction of the impact of earthquake with an average of 1.73% is the most improper components at social level. . Moreover, at the physical-environmental level studied, the increase in the damage caused by the lack of a prior warning system and evacuation systems with an average of 3.64 were considered the most appropriate and the trust in housing due to consulting with domestic architects and consulting engineers with an average of 2.016 was the most inappropriate case at physical-environmental level. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
72 - Evaluation of the Performance of Durable and Safe Houses Affiliated to Tehran Municipality in Order to Promote Community-Oriented Participation of Citizens in Crises
shahin Mozaffari Morteza shafiee Hamid Mamoodian AtaAbadiIntroduction and purpose: It is not possible to implement comprehensive programs in the field of crisis management without the conscious participation of citizens, and it is necessary to plan with institutional capacity building and their empowerment in crises. In this MoreIntroduction and purpose: It is not possible to implement comprehensive programs in the field of crisis management without the conscious participation of citizens, and it is necessary to plan with institutional capacity building and their empowerment in crises. In this regard, Tehran Municipality has started a popular and voluntary organization in the neighborhood house with the title of Durability and Safety House, so the purpose of this research is to provide a mathematical model to evaluate the performance of these Durability and Safety Houses affiliated with Tehran Municipality in order to promote community-oriented participation of citizens in crises. Method: The research method used in this research is applied in nature and its method is contextual-case. Also, a combination of two field and library methods has been used to collect data. In line with data analysis, the mathematical model of Rough Data Envelopment analysis has been used. Also, the statistical population of this research, in terms of examining the efficiency of durable and safe houses, includes 22 durable and safe houses, and in terms of determining the effective indicators in their selection, it includes 55 experts in crisis matters, and due to the limited nature of the society, all members of the society were considered as a statistical sample. Findings: The findings indicate that among the 22 durability and safety houses investigated, 11 areas are efficient and the rest are ineffective. Conclusion: Considering the central role of durability and safety houses and the participation of citizens in preventing the occurrence of crises, the need to stabilize and measure their performance and efficiency is of great importance. In this regard, it is necessary for the municipalities to cooperate as much as possible with the citizens and formulate coherent plans and implement them in durable and safe houses in order to reduce the scope of the crisis during and after it occurs. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
73 - Collective Management of Wells and its Challenges in Soltanieh
پریسا نجفلو jafar yaghoubi jaefar nikbahkhtThe purpose of this study was to analayze the collective management of wells and its challenges in Soltanieh County. Grounded theory methodology was used in this study.The study population consisted of activists of 533 public wells in Soltanieh county. Data in this stud MoreThe purpose of this study was to analayze the collective management of wells and its challenges in Soltanieh County. Grounded theory methodology was used in this study.The study population consisted of activists of 533 public wells in Soltanieh county. Data in this study was collected by using semi-structured interviews with a sample of activists in the collective management of wells in Soltanieh County. Content analysis of interviews showed 57 open coding and 20 subcategoris in connection with challenges of participatory management of wells. Finally, two thematic categories were identified including procedural challenges and outcomes. The procedural challenges are the five axes of social barriers, knowledge and attitude weakness, financial barriers, reduced water reserves and weaknesses in government implementation. These challenges also have negative consequences for agriculture and the rural community. These are unwilling to equipping the farm with pressurized irrigation, willingness to dig an illegal well and doing office work with bribes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
74 - Judaism and the Environment
معصومه انصاری فاطمه لاجوردیMost of the Jewish rituals have been formed in connection with naturethroughout history. Mishna and Talmud elaborated the nature-orientedteachings of the Bible in order to protect the environment. So Jews whobehave in accordance with the teachings of Torah must choose t MoreMost of the Jewish rituals have been formed in connection with naturethroughout history. Mishna and Talmud elaborated the nature-orientedteachings of the Bible in order to protect the environment. So Jews whobehave in accordance with the teachings of Torah must choose theways that are compatible with natural changes, such as the emergenceof seasons, to cause the least damage to the environment. This articletries to describe the Jews’ view on God, man and nature and explaintheir solution to the environmental crisis. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
75 - Safety and biological factor Assessment in crisis management of urban tunnel
Leila Abbaszadeh Tavassoli Azadeh Nekooei Esfahani Hasti BorgheipourBackground and Objective: Urban Expansion and problems regarding urban life raise the necessity of providing actionable strategies to improve urban inhabitants’ life. Today, with increasing tunnel constructions, safety in tunnels has been the issue for engineers, MoreBackground and Objective: Urban Expansion and problems regarding urban life raise the necessity of providing actionable strategies to improve urban inhabitants’ life. Today, with increasing tunnel constructions, safety in tunnels has been the issue for engineers, government officials and authorities. In order to standardize and safety enhancement, safety assessment is the first priority to adopt relevant measures to improve safety level in tunnels. Generally, regarding to the limited spaces in urban tunnels, accidents in tunnels may result in more critical conditions. Occurring of these accidents may disturb the tunnel’s function, which may lead to fire, respiratory problems etc. Given to critical condition after the accidents, therefore, it is required to adopt appropriates methods for safety factor assessment in crisis management of tunnels. The present study address safety and biological factor assessment in crisis management of urban tunnels after that we would investigate the differences between Tohid, Resalat and Shohadaie Qazeh tunnels. Method: To analyze data, Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) has been used. Findings: The highest level of risk associated with Tohid tunnel and the lowest level of risk associated with Shohadaie Qazeh tunnels. Discussion and Conclusion: The results of research in 1396 show that the ventilation system has the highest weight and drainage has the lowest weight and Tohid tunnel has the first rank. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
76 - Recognition and Ranking the Causes of the Outbreak Crises in Uromieh Lake Using Delphi Technique
ali reza ejazi Mahmoud Shariat Parvin FarshchiBackground and Objective: Drought is one of the natural phenomenons which have the most damages to the arid and semi-arid areas. Today the catchment of Uromieh Lake with large scale of population density is one of the most important environmental challenges, so that, be MoreBackground and Objective: Drought is one of the natural phenomenons which have the most damages to the arid and semi-arid areas. Today the catchment of Uromieh Lake with large scale of population density is one of the most important environmental challenges, so that, because of low precipitation and decrease of water flows in recent years, the life of this lake has been in serious hazard. This catchment with 52000 square kilometers, and average of 200 to 900 millimeters of rainfall, has the water volumes of 22 billion cubic meters of water in all its catchment. There has been constructed several dams with reserving volume of 3 billion cubic meters on the rivers coming to the lake, in order to providing the needs of agriculture and human fresh water. Regarding the diminish of catchment area of the lake and the amount of water flow, prefect restoration of the lake is very rare. Method: In this research, we have tried to explain the impact of the factors of the crises with recognizing the causes of outbreak of crises by using Delphi technique, in order to accession of managing priorities. Findings: In this research, four main criteria and 21 sub-criteria have been identified the causes of crisis in the lake of Uromieh. Discussion and Conclusion: According to the findings of this research, there are four main criteria and 21 sub-criteria. Construction of dams with 23 percent and changes in cropping patterns with 8 percent of impact, are the most important and effective causes of crises in the lake of Uromieh. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
77 - The Relationship between Environmental Law and the Flood Crisis: A Case Study of the Environmental Legislative Approach of the Islamic Republic of Iran
Ali mashhadi Ali BayatiAfter the flood, especially in recent years, the key question is what the relationship between environmental law system and the flood crisis?. In this regard, environmental law has been enshrined in the pre, before and after the flood, with numerous rules, laws and regu MoreAfter the flood, especially in recent years, the key question is what the relationship between environmental law system and the flood crisis?. In this regard, environmental law has been enshrined in the pre, before and after the flood, with numerous rules, laws and regulations. The importance of analyzing the relationship between floods and environmental rights goes back to the impact that environmental laws and regulations and natural resources have on each other. On the one hand, ignoring and violating preventive laws and regulations of the environment and natural resources can lead to the occurrence of this crisis. On the other hand, flooding can have a adverse effect on the environment.In Iranian environmental law, despite the adoption of numerous laws and regulations to prevent flooding, numerous deficiencies can be investigated. These deficiencies can be classified into three categories: normative, institutional, and behavioral. In this paper, the author use an analytical-descriptive approach, library resources, laws and regulations and procedures. While presenting the existing environmental law system, the environmental legal approach of the Islamic Republic of Iran during the three periods before, during and after the flood to be examined.The basic presumption of this article in response to the main question is that in order to prevent and deal with the flood crisis, there are three categories of legal deficiencies mentioned, especially in the field of laws and regulations, and environmental laws and regulations related to floods need to be amended. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
78 - Economical and Environmental Costs Analysing of Replacing Gas and Electric Water Heaters with the Solar Water Heaters
Hossein Yousefi Younes Noorollahi Somayeh ToghyaniBachground and Objective: Following the oil crisis in the seventies and the rising cost of fossil fuels, the use of renewable energies flourished. Applying of new and renewable energies, especially solar energy, the divine eternal source due to its easy availability and MoreBachground and Objective: Following the oil crisis in the seventies and the rising cost of fossil fuels, the use of renewable energies flourished. Applying of new and renewable energies, especially solar energy, the divine eternal source due to its easy availability and, in recent years more attention has been scientists and students of the energy. A variety of methods exist for the use of clean energy and eternal God, but heating water using solar water heaters, as perhaps is the easiest and most economical method. Method: In this study, environmental and economic feasibility of using solar water heater systems in residential buildings, 6 units (households with 4 or 5 persons) using real data in the environment of Retscreen software has been studied. Findings and Conclusion: Results of this research show that the replacement of gas water heaters with the solar water heaters, the annual savings in natural gas consumption to supply hot water for the entire households is consuming 5,820 cubic meters. And the rate of annual economic savings equals 6402000 rials will be replace the electric water heaters the solar water heaters, electrical energy savings of 22,995 kWh annually and annual economic savings of 120,244,000 Iranian Rials. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
79 - The clarification of Relation between Accounting conservatism and bankruptcy of accepted companies in Tehran stock exchange (TSE) using models of bankruptcy prediction
saleh asadi Fraydoon Rahnamay Roodposhti sina kherdyar fadhel mohamadi nodeThe increasing competition of firms has limited the profit gains and increased the likelihood of a corporate financial crisis. One of the main concerns of investors is the recognition of profitable companies from financially corrupt companies through their financial cha MoreThe increasing competition of firms has limited the profit gains and increased the likelihood of a corporate financial crisis. One of the main concerns of investors is the recognition of profitable companies from financially corrupt companies through their financial characteristics. On the other hand, accounting conservatism has a long history in accounting and financial management. For a long time conservatism has penetrated accounting practices and this influence has been important. Therefore, it is necessary and necessary to study the relationship between accounting conservatism and corporate financial crisis. To test the hypotheses of the research, two different statistical methods such as logistic regression and mean equality test have been used. Sample size includes 48 companies with financial crisis and 57 profitable companies in Tehran Stock Exchange. The results show that accounting conservatism index has a meaningful and direct relationship with financial crisis of companies. There is also an inverse relationship between the corporate financial crisis with the size of the company and the profitability index as well as the direct relationship with the leverage ratio. The results show that sales growth has no effect on the financial crisis of companies and has the greatest impact on the probability of a financial crisis in companies, by the index of profitability or inefficiency of management in performance improvement. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
80 - Risk Preferences and Crisis in Tehran Stock Exchange
Mehdi Aminirad Nader Mehregan Davood Jafari Seresht Abolfazl ShahabadiThe capital market plays an important role in the economy of any country and can contribute to economic growth and development by financing the capital needed by manufacturing firms. Given the importance of the capital market, stock prices as the most important componen MoreThe capital market plays an important role in the economy of any country and can contribute to economic growth and development by financing the capital needed by manufacturing firms. Given the importance of the capital market, stock prices as the most important component of this market must be closely monitored, as a steady and dramatic decline in stock prices can lead to a crisis in the capital market. One of the key tools of capital market surveillance is an early warning system that can give policymakers pre-crisis warnings to minimize the negative effects of this phenomenon by making timely and accurate decisions. The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of risk preferences in the occurrence of crises in the Tehran Stock Exchange. For this purpose, in this study, firstly, using monthly data from April 2007 to July 2019, investors' risk aversion index was estimated and then this variable, along with other control variables, was used to modeling the capital market crisis. The results showed that the research model is able to predict approximately 78% of crisis situations and 95% of non-crisis situations. Empirical evidence suggests that the key role of investors' preferences for risk in the event of a capital market crisis. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
81 - The Designing Early Warning System of Financial Crisis Outbreak in Tehran Stock Exchange by Decision Tree
Alireza Gholizadeh mirfeiz Fallahshams Mohammad Ali AfsharkazemiThe main purpose of this paper is to predict financial crisis in stock exchange market along with designing warning syetem by data analysis and then to present to financial policy makers for preventing the outbreak or decreasing the effects of crisis. Due to this purpos MoreThe main purpose of this paper is to predict financial crisis in stock exchange market along with designing warning syetem by data analysis and then to present to financial policy makers for preventing the outbreak or decreasing the effects of crisis. Due to this purpose, it’s used the weekly datas during the years from 10.03.1997 to 03.22.2019. The mean of crises in this present paper is the falling more than 15% of stock price rather to last three months. Hence, it’s been used the dummy variable for operating the dependent variable. It’s been used the residual of autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) for measuring the shocks caused by the index of stock price, exchange rate, price of oil and gold. Based on the results by the different data showed the financial crisis outbreak is the most important variable for predicting the crisis of Tehran stock exchange in weekly data in the last periods. Hence it’s claimed that falling the stock index is affected the value of index in the last periods more than external shock including shock of exchange rate as well as gold and oil. As it’s determined the detection accuracy of crisis is 81.82%, the same for all trees. It means that 36 crisises have been predicted and recognized from the 44 ocurred crisises during the mentioned periods (1121 weeks). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
82 - Providing a model of investment ethics for managers in the financial crisis with a qualitative approach
Ali Hazaveh mahdi madanchi zaj Ali Saeedi Shadi ShahverdianiThe present study aims to provide a model of managers' investment ethics in the financial crisis with a qualitative approach. This research is applied in terms of purpose and has been done with an exploratory approach and a qualitative research design. Participants cons MoreThe present study aims to provide a model of managers' investment ethics in the financial crisis with a qualitative approach. This research is applied in terms of purpose and has been done with an exploratory approach and a qualitative research design. Participants consisted of 9 academic experts and financial experts who were selected using a purposive method. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews that continued until theoretical saturation. The interviews were analyzed using the theme analysis method and using Maxiquida software. The results showed that 5 main categories, 31 sub-categories and 74 open codes were obtained from the interview. According to the findings, the model of investment ethics of managers in the financial crisis includes five main categories of ethical personality, ethical market, ethical norms, ethical motivations and ethical requirements in investing. It was also found that the category of the existence of rules (subcategory of ethical requirements) had the most repetition in interviews. Also, the categories of society values and social norms (sub-categories of moral norms) were the most frequent in the interviews. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
83 - The role of earnings management in the effect of related party transactions, financial crisis and firm size on tax avoidance
Abdolrasoul Rahmanian Koushkaki Ayesheh MasoomiThe present study investigates the effect of transactions with related parties, financial crisis and company size on tax avoidance with emphasis on the mediating role of profit management. This research is practical in terms of its purpose, and from the point of view of MoreThe present study investigates the effect of transactions with related parties, financial crisis and company size on tax avoidance with emphasis on the mediating role of profit management. This research is practical in terms of its purpose, and from the point of view of correlation methodology, it is causal type (post-event). The statistical population of the research is the companies admitted to the Tehran Stock Exchange, and using the systematic elimination sampling method, 133 companies were selected as the research sample in the 10-year period between 1391 and 1400. The results of the research show that transactions with related parties have an adverse effect on tax avoidance. However, profit management has a direct impact on tax avoidance. Also, transactions with related parties have a direct impact on profit management. Company size has a direct impact on earnings management. Transactions with related parties have an effect on tax avoidance with the mediation role of profit management. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
84 - Identify and examine the process of impact of the most important variables affecting the banking crisis over time
ghodratolah talebnia siavash malekpour Hamidreza Vakilifard Mohammad Hossein RanjbarAbstractThe study of banking crises in the world over time shows that some of them are destructive. Institutional problems, economic and financial sanctions and even the spread of the Corona virus have significantly increased the likelihood of crisis in the country's ba MoreAbstractThe study of banking crises in the world over time shows that some of them are destructive. Institutional problems, economic and financial sanctions and even the spread of the Corona virus have significantly increased the likelihood of crisis in the country's banking system. The share of more than 80% of banks in financing financing investment in the country has doubled the importance of identifying the factors affecting the banking crisis. Banks are used. The present research is applied in terms of research method. Estimation of Bayesian averaging model and TVP_FAVAR in MATLAB 2021 software in 11-year period (2008-2019); it is going to happen. The sample is 10 banks listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange. Initially, 49 variables affecting the banking crisis were entered into the model and 12 non-fragile variables affecting the financial crisis were identified using the Bayesian averaging model approach. The output of the results shows that the banking crisis index in the Iranian economy is multifaceted because the variables related to monetary and financial sector policy makers affect it; The results of the TVPFAVAR model also show that the effect of variables affecting the banking crisis is generally positive and strong, and this effect is generally stronger in the long run than in the short run; As a result, in order to reduce the banking crisis, medical and discretionary policies can not prevent the occurrence of the banking crisis, and institutional and fundamental policies and infrastructures are needed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
85 - Interpretive structural modeling to improve the financial fragility of companies listed on the Iranian Stock Exchange with a screening approach
bahman kianirad Babak Jamshidinavid Mehrdad GhanbarIFinancial fragility is one of the terms that has recently been widely used in financial and accounting issues and its improvement has become one of the important issues and challenges in various organizations in the public and private sectors. This mixed (qualitative-qu MoreFinancial fragility is one of the terms that has recently been widely used in financial and accounting issues and its improvement has become one of the important issues and challenges in various organizations in the public and private sectors. This mixed (qualitative-quantitative) research has been conducted with the aim of presenting a model for promoting financial fragility with a screening approach in companies listed on the Iranian Stock Exchange. After interviewing 19 experts, 28 components of the model were identified in the qualitative section, but fuzzy Delphi method was used to rely on very important components and screen the identified components. Then, to achieve the model in the quantitative part, based on interpretive structural modeling (ISM) and self-interaction matrix was used to collect the required data. Findings The research presents a four-level model consisting of 9 components, of which the most effective component and the only independent component of the financial fragility improvement model of this research is the amount of economic stability. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
86 - Modeling the financial behavior of momentum and random investors in crisis situations: Qualitative analysis based on grounded theory
Fatemeh Jafari Reza Aghajan Nashtaei Mohammadhasan GholizadehThe main purpose of this study is to provide a model to explain the financial behavior of momentum and random investors. The research was conducted qualitatively with grounded theory technique. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews. The statistical popu MoreThe main purpose of this study is to provide a model to explain the financial behavior of momentum and random investors. The research was conducted qualitatively with grounded theory technique. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews. The statistical population of the current research is active investors in the stock exchange in the period from 1399 to 1401. In this regard, 16 interviews with momentum investors and 8 interviews with random investors were conducted according to the research topic. Then, based on the systematic approach of Strauss and Corbin's theories, in three main steps of open coding, axial coding and selective coding, the financial behavior model of momentum and random investors was presented. The results of coding interviews with momentum investors have shown that the behavior of this group of investors has often been based on risk-return analysis and fundamental and technical analysis. Financial advisors are sometimes consulted, focusing on capital management and portfolio diversity. Although they sometimes engage in emotional behaviors, these behaviors are not predominant and they mostly try to behave rationally. While random investors, on the other hand, benefit less from these analyzes and consider only financial knowledge and investment literacy important. This group is more prone to emotional behaviors, especially mass behaviors. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
87 - Developing a strategic model for earthquake crisis management, targeting to minimize economic vulnerability; case study on district 22 of Tehran
Mehdi Ghadami Iran Ghaziحوادث غیرمترقبه ازجمله مسائلی هستند که گریبانگیر دولتها و ملتها شده، تلفات جانی و خسارات اقتصادی فراوانی بر آنها تحمیل مینمایند. در این مقاله، با رویکردی زیربنایی و نرم به رسالت مهندسی زلزله، نسبت به طراحی الگویی راهبردی برای مدیریت بحران زلزله اقدام گردیده است. در Moreحوادث غیرمترقبه ازجمله مسائلی هستند که گریبانگیر دولتها و ملتها شده، تلفات جانی و خسارات اقتصادی فراوانی بر آنها تحمیل مینمایند. در این مقاله، با رویکردی زیربنایی و نرم به رسالت مهندسی زلزله، نسبت به طراحی الگویی راهبردی برای مدیریت بحران زلزله اقدام گردیده است. در این راستا، از روش تحقیق آمیخته (ترکیبی از روشهای کمّی و کیفی) بهرهگیری شده و ضمن اخذ آراء خبرگان حوزههای مهندسی زلزله و مدیریت بحران، متغیرهای کمّی و کیفی اثرگذار بر میزان آسیبپذیری لرزهای پهنهها، شناسایی و تحلیل گردیدهاند، بهنحویکه متغیرهای دارای ماهیت کمّی و سنجهپذیر، در قالب مدل ارزیابی آسیبپذیری لرزهای، بررسی گردیده و سایر عوامل راهبردی اثرگذار که دارای ماهیت کیفی میباشند نیز با بکارگیری تکنیک تحلیل راهبردی سوآت، ارزیابی شدهاند. در بخش کیفی پژوهش، با استفاده از روش تحلیل محتوا، چارچوب مفهومی الگو و نیز معیارهای ارزیابی آسیبپذیری لرزهای استخراج شدهاند. در بخش کمّی پژوهش نیز با بهرهگیری از تکنیکهای آماری ازجمله آزمون همبستگی، الگوی موردنظر برازش گردیده و با استفاده از روش فرایند تحلیل سلسله مراتبی و بهرهگیری از نرم افزار Expert Choice، ضریب اهمیت معیارهای ارزیابی آسیبپذیری لرزهای و شاخصهای عددی شدت آسیبپذیری لرزهای تعیین شدهاند. سپس، مبتنی بر تحلیل آسیبپذیری لرزهای، راهبردهای متناسب، تدوین گردیده و با توجه به سطح اهمیت آنها، الویتبندی شدهاند. درنهایت، راهکارهای اجرایی متناسب با هر راهبرد پیشنهاد میگردند. به منظور پیادهسازی الگوی نهایی، منطقه 22 شهر تهران به عنوان مورد مطالعه انتخاب شده که وسیعترین توسعه شهری متصل به تهران و به تعبیری استانداردترین منطقه شهری در سطح کشور است. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
88 - Compilation and validation of the financial resilience model of the hotel industry in crisis conditions: a mixed approach
Seyyede Maryam Abolhasani Komle Mohammadhasan Gholizadeh Mehdi Meshki miavaghiThe purpose is to provide a model of financial resilience of the hotel industry in crisis in Iran. This research was conducted using the mixed method research of exploratory type. In the qualitative section, the grounded theory method, based on Strauss and Corbin's para MoreThe purpose is to provide a model of financial resilience of the hotel industry in crisis in Iran. This research was conducted using the mixed method research of exploratory type. In the qualitative section, the grounded theory method, based on Strauss and Corbin's paradigm model, was used. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with hotel experts and continued until theoretical saturation based on the snowball technique. From 982 key phrases obtained from the interviews, 86 concepts and 18 main categories were obtained. The qualitative evaluation of the model was carried out and confirmed according to the opinion of Strauss and Corbin in all dimensions. In the quantitative evaluation of the model, structural equation modeling and SmartPLS software were used. All significant numbers were greater than 1.96 and standard coefficients were greater than 0.4 and the model was approved. Considering that the data fitting criterion was 0.603, the fit of the final model was confirmed. The most important findings of the research were identified in the field of financial resilience strategies of the hotel industry in crisis conditions, strengthening of human resources, strengthening of inter-institutional cooperation, tourism industry marketing, optimal financing and innovation. The most important findings of the research were identified in the field of financial resilience strategies of the hotel industry in crisis conditions, including: strengthening of human resources, strengthening of inter-institutional cooperation, tourism industry marketing, optimal financing and innovation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
89 - The relationship between financing variables, the ratio of R & D to operating profit and corporate financial crisis
Reza Songhori Farzaneh HeidarpourThe main purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between financing variables, the ratio of research and development costs to operating profit and financial crisis in companies admitted to the Tehran Stock Exchange. The statistical population of the research MoreThe main purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between financing variables, the ratio of research and development costs to operating profit and financial crisis in companies admitted to the Tehran Stock Exchange. The statistical population of the research is accepted by the companies in the 5 years period from 1391 to 1395 in the Tehran Stock Exchange and the research samples are from 181 companies. The research data were compiled through the new software and financial statements of the companies. In this research, multivariate linear regression model was used to test the hypotheses. The statistical method used in this paper is the panel data method. The results of the research indicate that the ratio of financial leverage to the ratio of R & D investment to operating profit is also affected by the ratio of R & D to operating profit on the criteria of the corporate financial crisis based on Springerty model, and the ratio of the cost of research and Operational development is effective on the financial crisis criteria of the company based on the Zimsky model, as well as the impact of the cost of research and development on the operating profit on the financial crisis criteria of the company based on the Altman model of 1983 and 1986 and the modified Kurdistan model was not approved. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
90 - Environmental Behavior Approach based on Quran’s Verses and Principles of Sadra’s Wisdom to Exit Crisis of Environment
Mohammad Kazem Rezazadeh Joodi Kourosh HeidariCrisis of environment in recent decade caused re – reference to human’s status in the world and environmental behavior in all religions, philosophical and thoughtful approaches in addition to reviewing interaction of human with nature in applying science and MoreCrisis of environment in recent decade caused re – reference to human’s status in the world and environmental behavior in all religions, philosophical and thoughtful approaches in addition to reviewing interaction of human with nature in applying science and technology. Although numerous researches have been done in this field – because of the importance of the subject, the aim of the present article is to discuss the issue of the environment from ontological viewpoint of Mollasadra and Quran’s Verses to create changes in human’s behavior parallel with changing individual’s attitude. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
91 - the human crisis and the crisis of the place in Al-Alag poetry: Thematic treatment based on the sociological principle of literature
hosein elyasi mofrad zeinab ghasemiaslThe poetry of Ali Ja'far Al-Alaq is an objective subject with distinction and this strong relationship between Al-Allaq's poetry and reality is what makes Al-Allaq's poetry characterized by pessimism. The presence of pessimism also descends from the conviction of the po MoreThe poetry of Ali Ja'far Al-Alaq is an objective subject with distinction and this strong relationship between Al-Allaq's poetry and reality is what makes Al-Allaq's poetry characterized by pessimism. The presence of pessimism also descends from the conviction of the poet that poetry is the son of loss and loss and must reflect the reality of living. This study sails in the world of Ali Jafar poetic relationship to clarify the vision of the poet to the Arab reality and manifestations of the crisis of self and the plight of place in the poet's poetry The research relied on his approach to poetry of the relationship on the descriptive analytical approach and took from the groups of the poet poetic samples to address the subject The results indicate that the poetry of the relationship is linked to the reality of living in which the poet analyzes the Arab reality by taking care of the legendary, religious and historical heritage and dedicates in it a fact that he believes in, that what dragged the Arabs to defeat and the young is due to the Arabs themselves and more to the Arab daring. Slow attendance and the act of treason and non-clinging to the land and identity and the crisis of belonging an attempt to incite the building of the Arab civilized society, which In the relationship between the sexes on the basis of harmony and union. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
92 - A Study of the Sexual Crises of Women in Naguib Mahfuz's Works
Hussein Shamsabadi Gholamreza golcheenrad fereshteh afzaliLiterature plays various roles, the major function being expressing reality through the forms of the novel and the short story. Naguib Mahfuz, one of the outstanding Arab novelists, has special talents in this respect. He expresses social problems critically. The sexual MoreLiterature plays various roles, the major function being expressing reality through the forms of the novel and the short story. Naguib Mahfuz, one of the outstanding Arab novelists, has special talents in this respect. He expresses social problems critically. The sexual crisis is one of the plights which is both discussed and challenged in his novels and short stories. He investigated sexual crises, especially among women, socially, philosophically, and psychologically, and considered that problem as political symbolism and not as his main theme. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
93 - The Persian Gulf Cooperation Council and the Islamic Awakening in Bahrain
Majid Abbasi Hassan HassaniBahrain is a small country but important in regional equations. The country after the independence of Iran in 1971, have always attempted to establish an alliance with regional and extra-regional powers. Because the country has problem to protection security and its ind MoreBahrain is a small country but important in regional equations. The country after the independence of Iran in 1971, have always attempted to establish an alliance with regional and extra-regional powers. Because the country has problem to protection security and its independence. Therefore, when the Persian Gulf Cooperation Council was established in 1981, the country due to structural deficiencies and especially the lack of democracy became the membership of the council. The main purpose to joining the PGCC was to protect the country from the threats. This research by using descriptive-explanatory method to examine the causes of the internal crisis in Bahrain in 2011. The main objective of this research is to investigate the reasons of entering and the Persian Gulf Cooperation Council and its policies in this crisis. The results indicate that, since the public uprising in Bahrain started, the council has tried policies such as sent rapid reaction forces, support of government, Media campaign against opponents and alleged dependence of oppositions to Iran, support government and preserve the status quo in Bahrain. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
94 - Russia and the State-Nation Building Crisis in Modern Iraq
Mohammadreza HakakzadehWith the purpose of reviewing the policy of Russia towards the state-nation building crisis in Iraq, the present study seeks to answer what were the impacts of the state-nation building crisis in modern Iraq on the perception of Russian elites about the transformations MoreWith the purpose of reviewing the policy of Russia towards the state-nation building crisis in Iraq, the present study seeks to answer what were the impacts of the state-nation building crisis in modern Iraq on the perception of Russian elites about the transformations in this country and consequently Russian policy. The method of study is descriptive analysis and it relies on the hypothesis that state-nation building transformations in modern Iraq such as the emergence of Takfiri extremism, threatening the interests of Russian allies, and concerns over spreading instabilities to Eurasia, have led to changing the perception of Russians and as a result, adopting the policy of expanding the presence and penetration of Russia in Iraq. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
95 - The Lived Experience of the Governors of the Revolution in Stabilizing Post-Pahlavi Security in Iran
Nowruz Hashemzehi Rasoul YahaiThe purpose of the present study is to review the lived experience of the governors in stabilizing post-Pahlavi security in Iran. The approach of the research is qualitative and its strategy is phenomenology. Data collection tool was a semi-structured interview and the MoreThe purpose of the present study is to review the lived experience of the governors in stabilizing post-Pahlavi security in Iran. The approach of the research is qualitative and its strategy is phenomenology. Data collection tool was a semi-structured interview and the sample of study consisted of 10 governors from the first decade of the Islamic revolution who were selected by purposeful sampling based on theoretical saturation. In data analysis, the seven-step process of the Colaizzi method was used. The accuracy of the results was fortified by reviewing and confirming the interview texts by the participants, research colleagues, and with reference to historical documents. Based on the results, provision of machinery, equipment, preparation, emplacement of the fighters and people, accommodating rural refugees inside the cities, political , cultural, industrial, and economic measures for the development of Kurdestan, purging the administrations and selection of employees anew, compensation for the damages of crises, financing and spending excluded budget in the critical regions, and attempt to decrease ethnic conflicts were among the most important lived experiences of the governors in crisis management. The above-mentioned measures were under the influence of the revolution and the revolutionary governors directed their attention to the underprivileged groups and addressed their requests and attracted their forces from the poor neighborhood. Building power institutions from below and consolidation in the structure of power were two strategies that led to the competitor’s expulsion from power and dominance over the security crisis inside the country. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
96 - Regional trends of Iran in relation to the security crisis in Afghanistan
reza simbar danyal rezapoor ali eskandarinasabThe purpose of the present study was to investigate the factors mitigating the Afghan security crisis and the strengthening of Iran's relations with Afghanistan. The research was conducted using inferential analysis in the framework of descriptive and analytical method. MoreThe purpose of the present study was to investigate the factors mitigating the Afghan security crisis and the strengthening of Iran's relations with Afghanistan. The research was conducted using inferential analysis in the framework of descriptive and analytical method. The results show that in Afghanistan, a complex and multilayered combination of economic factors, socio-religious structures, and political and legitimacy factors has triggered a security crisis. Iran can adopt an economic and cultural approach to relations with the countries of the region to strategically align with Afghanistan and maintain its security environment while avoiding disagreements, cultural differences and economic needs of the two sides. In fact, at this point in time, Iran needs a great deal of forethought, rational planning and diplomatic skill to achieve the degree it deserves, and its exceptional advantages in the region. Iran must first seek to regionalize existing security measures. Paying attention to isolated national security on the one hand and the imposition of international security measures on the other hand does not guarantee Iran's national security and sometimes even threatens it. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
97 - A Crisis‐Centered Approach to Hassan al‐Banna’s Political Thought
Mohammad Baqeri Mohammad Javad KhaliliHassan al‐Banna is considered as one of the effective Islamic thinkers for establishing the Muslim Brotherhood of Egypt. Analyzing his thought with new approaches will open up new horizons for researchers. From MoreHassan al‐Banna is considered as one of the effective Islamic thinkers for establishing the Muslim Brotherhood of Egypt. Analyzing his thought with new approaches will open up new horizons for researchers. From the perspective of intellectual reformist movement in the Islamic world to which Hassan al‐Banna belong, the Islamic world is facing multiple crises that result from distance from the pure Islam. The advent of sociological approaches, like Sprigens’ crisis theory, will provide the opportunity to reinterpret his political thought. Based on that approach, the main research questions of this study are what the current major crisis of the Islamic world is from Hassan al‐Banna’s perspective and what solutions to resolve the crisis can be offered based on his political thought. This paper initially analyzes the subjective and objective circumstances that influenced Hassan al‐Banna’s political thought and then seeks to answer the main research question on the basis of the four stages of Sprigens’ theory of crisis. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
98 - Sociological analysis of the relationship between the education system and the war (case of study: historical experience of the role of education in the imposed war of Iraq against Iran)
Nowruz Hashem Zehi Rasool Yahi Ensyeh AsghariEvery organization is created to respond to goals and specially to redefine needs in times of war. Social subsystems must be both managed and assisted in crisis management in order to survive the crisis. The purpose of this article is to analyze the role of the Ministry MoreEvery organization is created to respond to goals and specially to redefine needs in times of war. Social subsystems must be both managed and assisted in crisis management in order to survive the crisis. The purpose of this article is to analyze the role of the Ministry of Education in helping to balance the education system during the Iraq-Iran war on the one hand and creativity in supporting the war in the historical period from 1980 to 1988 on the other hand. The research method is qualitative and of historical research type. The data collection tool is receipt and interview, which has been done by using all the documents of first- and second-hand textual sources and interviews of education directors during the imposed war. The method of analysis is thematic analysis. According to the research findings, the Ministry of Education in the field of playing a specialized role in formulating special educational rules and regulations during the war, the establishment and operation of training complexes for combatants behind the front and war zones, creating conditions for continuing education and compensatory classes and strengthening militant students, education through television has taken place during the bombing of cities. The most important public actions of this ministry were setting up a war relief and support headquarters, sending teachers and students to the front, participating in building fortifications and shelters in schools, and continuously rebuilding bombed schools. The ministry helped strengthen community support for combatants by managing moral challenges and establishing behind-the-scenes training. The relationship between education and the war greatly influenced the positive cultural values of the society and the spread of the ideology of the leaders in the first decade after the Islamic Revolution. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
99 - Analyzing the role of government in the management and planning of tourism crisis; a case study of the COVID-19 crisis
Heidar Lotfi Hamed Forouzan Ali Karami Mehdi Pezeshki -
Open Access Article
100 - Reformulation of "Akhlagh-e Naseri" and "Akhlagh-Al- Ashraf" within the framework of Spragens' Crisis Theory
Sadeq Karim hahyaAs one of the most popular methodologies in understanding political thinking, the Crisis theory of Spragens has four phases. In this framework, a theoretician first recognizes the problem in a society,then, in the second phase, he tries to analyze the problem and locate MoreAs one of the most popular methodologies in understanding political thinking, the Crisis theory of Spragens has four phases. In this framework, a theoretician first recognizes the problem in a society,then, in the second phase, he tries to analyze the problem and locate its root. In the third phase, the theoretician introduces his ideal utopian society, and in the fourth phase, he presents some guidelines to solve the problem of the society. If we investigate Akhlagh-Al-Ashraf within this framework, we will see that the boo encompasses all the four phases. The first two phases are covered in the chapter entitles "Mazhab-e Mokhtar" in which Obeid investigates the realities of his society. Then, in the third phase, he pictures his ideal utopian society with a sense of nostalgia. Now, this is the common chapter between this work and "Akhlagh-e Naseri". The utopian society pictured by Obeid is exactly the one introduced in Akhlagh-e Naseri, the only difference being that in picturing it Obeid exploits the figure of ………………………….The solution Obeid presents in the fourth phase is returning to the same society pictured in Akhlagh-e Naseri, i.e., a return to Platonic ethics and the return of morality to politics. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
101 - The Problem of Identity Crisis in the Post-Colonial Criticism: Clarifying the Constituents of Identity Crisis in the Narrative Analysis
Boshra Jazayerirad Faramarz Mirzaei Khalil Parvini Hadi Nazari MonazamIdentity and identity crisis is the basis of post-colonial critique deals with ego-other polemics or colonized-colonialist confrontation and its consequences on the colonized identity crisis. Identity and dependency are introduced widely in a post-colonial novel and sto MoreIdentity and identity crisis is the basis of post-colonial critique deals with ego-other polemics or colonized-colonialist confrontation and its consequences on the colonized identity crisis. Identity and dependency are introduced widely in a post-colonial novel and story writers raised repeatedly the consequences of east-west confrontations on post-colonial identity in their works, because communicate with 'other' awakes the sense of dependency to identity in individuals and leads them to an independent and distinct identity. The 'other' from eastern perspective is the colonialist west that tries constantly to destroy their identities. The contemporary Arab novel dealt greatly with the ideals and issues of the society including the identity. So, it deserves to mention that the identity crisis and its reflections in the modern story writing which is caused by east-west confrontations. Thus, considering the importance of the 'identity crisis' in post-colonial criticism and the frequency of its introduction in Arabic stories, the present study relied on the components of post-colonial criticism, descriptive-analytic method, as well as application of deduction, accuracy and comparative reading intended to present new indicators to the analysis and reading identity crisis in novels. The indicators consist of six components: self-abasement complex; westernization; schizophrenia; castration anxiety; alienation backwardness and violence. By application of these components and examining the amount of each one in the story, understanding the identity crisis becomes easier and more accurate. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
102 - Absolute Human Crisis and Conflict in Shahrazad by Tawfiq-al-Hakim
Hadi Shabani Hassan BahadoriShahrazad one of the subjective plays by Tawfiq-al-Hakim deals with the conflict between man and environment which ends up with the victory of environment over man. Hakim believes that a force dominates man and it is the existence of a divine power which ins MoreShahrazad one of the subjective plays by Tawfiq-al-Hakim deals with the conflict between man and environment which ends up with the victory of environment over man. Hakim believes that a force dominates man and it is the existence of a divine power which inspires and guides him. With his Oriental spirit Hakim keeps faith in occult powers depicted in Shahrazad dealing with the conflict between man and environment and the ultimate defeat of man. Hakim concludes the war of opposing forces such as conscience and mind and head and heart with the final triumph of environment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
103 - Assessment of desertification status in Sefiddasht-Boroujen (Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province) watershed using MEDALUS model
Fatemeh Nafar Ataollah Ebrahimi Ali Asghar NaghipourBackground and Objective The degradation of resources in many parts of the world is a serious threat to humanity due to its growing trend. Desertification, which is one of the manifestations of this degradation, has affected most countries and has been introduced as the MoreBackground and Objective The degradation of resources in many parts of the world is a serious threat to humanity due to its growing trend. Desertification, which is one of the manifestations of this degradation, has affected most countries and has been introduced as the third challenge of the 21st century after the two challenges of climate change and freshwater scarcity. Desertification is the degradation of land in arid, semi-arid, and semi-humid areas. This situation is caused by a series of important processes, the most important of which are the two factors of human activity and climate change. Several methods have been developed to determine the process of desertification, one of which is widely used, the Medalus method. Assessing the status of desertification processes (land degradation) in a village, region or country is important because it provides the opportunity to make informed decisions about the financial dimension and the amount of investment needed to control it. Considering the development of the desertification phenomenon in the Sefiddasht-Borujen region and the need to pay attention to the importance of the results of this destructive phenomenon in the future. The purpose of this study is to evaluate desertification using the Madalus model in the Sefiddasht-Borujen watershed with an area of 92565 hectares, located in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province.Materials and Methods Land use changes were investigated and detected using the distance measurement model. For this purpose, the images of 1998, 2009, and 2018 were used. The amount of changes during this period was determined, and the points where the most changes occurred were selected. Then using these points, in the Medalus model, the factors affecting desertification and its current situation were considered. Then, the effective parameters in desertification were studied in these points separately and the Medalus model was implemented in them. According to the Medalus method, effective factors in the desertification of the region were identified and each factor including climate, vegetation, soil, groundwater, and management and policy was considered as a criterion. Then, the characteristics of the mentioned criteria that were effective in the desertification of this region were considered as indicators. After each indicator received weight in relation to its impact on desertification and by evaluating them, their impact of them on the desertification process was determined. Finally, using the indicators of these criteria, the criteria map and finally, the desertification map were obtained from their geometric mean n order to study the climate criteria, three indices of rainfall, direction, and drought index were considered. The study of the climate was evaluated from 3 sample points in the meteorological and water weight stations of the province, which are harvested as points. To evaluate the soil condition, some physical and chemical properties such as soil texture, acidity, electrical conductivity, and the amount of organic matter were selected. To determine the soil properties, the first 170 sampling points were identified in the study area, and from 0 to 20 cm soil level, sampling was performed and transferred to the laboratory.Results and Discussion The results showed a score of climatic criteria calculated at 1.80 was determined in two classes and had the most role in desertification in the region. The score of management and policy, vegetation, and soil criteria respectively were calculated at 1.76, 1.71, and 1.55 and was determined into two classes severe and very severe. Also, water criteria were calculated at 1.33 and were determined in the middle class. Based on the Medalus model, the current desertification score was estimated to be 1.63. According to this map, the desertification situation of the region was divided into two classes, severe and very severe. Finally, it was calculated that 56% of this area is faced with severe and 44% of it very severe desertification. The result showed that the northern part of the study area is highly vulnerable, while the southern part of the region is less vulnerable to desertification. However, this region has high desertification intensity. The foretold sensitivity of this region to the phenomenon of desertification was consistent. In this model, climate, soil, vegetation, groundwater, management, and policy criteria were selected. According to the results, climate, management, policy, vegetation, soil, and groundwater criteria, respectively, had the greatest impact on desertification of this region due to the low precipitation, drought in recent years, illegal excavation of wells, and uncontrolled extractions more than the capacity of groundwater aquifers in Sefiddasht has caused the drying of most wells in this area. Also, the drying of Dehno Wetland is another reason for the intensity of desertification in the study area.Conclusion According to the obtained results, the phenomenon of desertification in this region is accelerating and would cause a destructive consequence. The study area, according to the proposed definition of desertification, has both natural and human desertification conditions. Natural factors such as unfavorable climatic conditions such as lack of rainfall, successive droughts, limited water resources, on the one hand, and destructive human factors such as traditional agricultural system, overgrazing, overexploitation of groundwater, conversion of pastures to land Agriculture, industries, mines and facilities, destruction of vegetation and shrubs, on the other hand, have led to the destruction of pastures and natural resources and accelerated desertification in the region. Evidence shows that in this region water table is lower than in other areas and as a consequence desertification is accelerated. Among the ways to deal with desertification in the region, it is possible to use the pastures and pastures in principle, according to their capacity at the right time, to permanently enclose the region under biological and mechanical desertification activities, proper exploitation of groundwater and prevents land use change. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
104 - Crisis management in sports events during the corona
Mohammad mehdi Salari Mehdi Talebpour Hojjat HajipoorObjective: The present study was conducted to find out how to manage the crisis in holding sporting events during the Corona pandemic.Methodology: This research is based on Murphy's three-stage model. In Murphy's model, crisis management is examined in three stages: pre MoreObjective: The present study was conducted to find out how to manage the crisis in holding sporting events during the Corona pandemic.Methodology: This research is based on Murphy's three-stage model. In Murphy's model, crisis management is examined in three stages: pre-crisis, syn-crisis and post-crisis. Based on this model, the basic interview questions were compiled and the qualitative data obtained from the interviews were analyzed, and finally, the qualitative data of crisis management in holding sporting events during the Corona were investigated. This framework was designed according to the crisis life cycle and for each of the pre-crisis, syn-crisis and post-crisis stages, the goals, strategies and measures necessary to face the crisis in holding sporting events during the Corona are presented.Results: According to the findings of pre-crisis research, the main goal is prevention, which is achieved through preparedness and empowerment strategies. In the second stage, the main goal of impact management is pursued through two strategies: action / reaction and harm reduction. Finally, in the post-crisis phase, the strategies were marketing recovery, financial management / operational efficiency, and business resilience.Conclusion: The results show that managers and organizers of sporting events must adopt the necessary strategies and measures in order to achieve the goals set for each of the pre-crisis, syn-crisis and post-crisis stages.The results of the present study include measures such as pre-crisis forecasting, learning, participation and adaptation to the new post-crisis system, which are important and necessary in crisis management.Therefore, in the pre-crisis stage, the following measures were identified: designing and creating a crisis management system in sports events, planning to prepare sports businesses in the face of possible crises, creating a dynamic system for predicting possible events and crises in sports events and related businesses, creating integration and coordination between internal and external elements of sporting events and related businesses, establishing a comprehensive information management system for forecasting, planning and managing the effects of sporting events, training manpower and managing sporting events and related businesses as the key to success in crisis management. Capacity building to empower actors at sporting events and related businesses, and defining financing mechanisms for businesses to empower them in the face of potential crises are suggested. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
105 - Mysticism and Preventing Crimes
علی اعظم رفیعنژادIn the past centuries, human communities utilized religious laws to purify persons and people out of deviation and to remove delinquencies and to fight against crimes. But with the latest development in technology and sciences, since laws were not renovated and didn’t g MoreIn the past centuries, human communities utilized religious laws to purify persons and people out of deviation and to remove delinquencies and to fight against crimes. But with the latest development in technology and sciences, since laws were not renovated and didn’t get along with everyday needs, the human orented materialistic and benefit-seeking viewpoints based on gaining more and further enjoyment overcome various majors of law. In today society, the one who is prone to mysticism and people are inclined toward the core and heart of religion should use the energy for different fields of law, especially preventin crime and other social vulnerabilities and offering necessary solution. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
106 - Investigation of Influential Factors in Urban Crisis Management During Floods (Case Study: Sadra City, Fars province)
Alireza ValipourCrisis management in flood has a distinctive relationship with urban planning and management subjects. Yearly, floods cause a lot of damage to public and private property as well as loss of life. Inspecting the strengths and weaknesses of crisis management is strongly f MoreCrisis management in flood has a distinctive relationship with urban planning and management subjects. Yearly, floods cause a lot of damage to public and private property as well as loss of life. Inspecting the strengths and weaknesses of crisis management is strongly felt during floods. This research aims to recognize and rank all kinds of crises and organizational strengths and weaknesses. Sadra city, an area that is very prone to floods, has been selected as a case study. Initially, data was collected via interviews, literature review, and distributing questionnaires among 150 crisis management specialists. After that, the SWARA method was used to analyze data, which is one of the most optimum multi-criteria decision-making methods. According to the attained results, 10 strong points and 13 weak points were recognized during the flood crisis. Among these points, the flooding of roads, the blocking of access roads, and the water supply network cut-off were the most significant types of crises, respectively. Likewise, separate and selective maps of the city and quick and easy access to addresses and parts with different uses in any section of the city with a score of 0.1718, the newness of water and sewerage, electricity, gas, and telecommunications networks in the city with a score of 0.1418 and the absence of urban decay in the city or unprincipled and non-technical suburbs were identified as the most important strengths with a score of 0.1183. Besides, according to the respondents, the most important weakness is the rain in a short period with a high volume of runoff with a coefficient of 0.1992, which causes severe damage to tables and urban facilities, and residential houses.Extended AbstractIntroduction: In the last few years has proved that Iran to be disaster-prone country. Annual damage to public and private property and also loss of life due to the occurrence of these events is entered. Nonetheless, it is observed that crisis management is not conducted completely in Iran. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to identify and rank all kinds of crisis and weaknesses and strengths of organization. Factors affecting the organizational communication in crisis management were identified. The occurrence of these incidents in our country has taken many victims and caused major damages to the economic and social structure of the country. Past experiences in Iran show that dealing with natural disasters and their complications is a big challenge for the authorities. The reason for choosing the city of Sadra as a case study was the existence of many crises caused by the flood. Sadra city, as one of the new cities in Fars's province, faces the dangers and problems of the natural environment today. Therefore, it is essential to know the effective factors in reducing flood damage. The most important question of the research is that how and through what process can a suitable to investigate of Influential Factors in Urban Crisis Management During Floods? This research aims to recognize and rank all kinds of crises and organizational strengths and weaknesses. Sadra city, an area that is very prone to floods, has been selected as a case study.Methodology:In terms of purpose, this research is in the field of applied research, and in terms of research method, according to the subject and purpose, it is descriptive-analytical. The method of collecting information in this research is based on library-document studies and field studies. Data was collected through interview, a literature review and a questionnaire survey distributed among 150 crisis management experts. Data analysis was performed using statistical tests and SWARA method.Results and discussion:The results showed that the flooding of roads was the most important crisis in the occurrence of floods in Sadra. The purpose of this research was to fill this research gap by identifying and ranking the strengths and weaknesses of organizations and experts of the crisis management headquarters during the flood crisis in Sadra city in Fars province. In order to achieve the objectives of the research, the desired information was obtained through interviews with experts and available documents. Finally, 10 strengths and 13 weaknesses were identified. The results showed that the top three factors in the strengths of flood crisis management in Sadra city include "the availability of all the city's segregation and classification maps and quick and easy access to addresses and parts with different uses in any part of the city" and "the newness of network facilities" "water and sewage-electricity-gas-communications in the city" and "absence of worn-out fabric in the city or unprincipled and non-technical settlements" had scores of 0.1718, 0.1408 and 0.1183, respectively. In addition to this, the results showed that three important weaknesses in crisis management include "rainfall in a short period of time with a high volume of runoff, which causes serious damage to the tables and urban facilities" and "the passage of all runoff after passing through the city's roads to the point of the city boundary line and leaving the city only from two points (Tang Jalab and Dukohak Road) which are the main access roads to the city" and "non-construction of flood dams or calm ponds or delays in the upstream points and the entry of runoff into the city during heavy rains causing stones to flow There is a lot of sand on the surface of the roads and clogging of the canals, as well as causing damage. Another goal of this research was to identify factors affecting organizational communication in crisis management. These identified factors included timely information, correct information, complete information, appropriate information, fast information, communication channels and feedback.Conclusion:It is one of the new cities of Iran and Fars province, which is located 18 kilometers northwest of Shiraz. Due to the occurrence of floods in Sadra city, it is necessary to identify and evaluate effective factors in flood control. By reviewing previous studies, it was observed that limited studies have been conducted in the field of crisis management during floods in Sadra city. The purpose of this research was to fill this research gap by identifying and ranking the strengths and weaknesses of organizations and experts of the crisis management headquarters during the flood crisis in Sadra city in Fars province. One of the goals of this research was to identify the factors affecting organizational communication in crisis management. These identified factors included timely information, correct information, complete information, appropriate information, fast information, communication channels and feedback. The meaning of timely information is that the decision maker gets the necessary information at the time of need. In fact, it should express the latest information about a phenomenon in a timely manner. Facilitate timely access to information to make decisions about how to prevent crises. Appropriate information means that the information can respond to what is requested by the recipient. In general, access to appropriate information is effective in identifying the early signs of a crisis and has helped crisis managers in emergency situations. Correct information means that there are no mistakes or errors in the information and that it provides accurate information to the decision makers. This correct information prevents the recurrence of past crises. The results of this study can be used in determining the appropriate strategy as well as covering the weak points in flood crisis management in Sadra city. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
107 - The Predictability Power of Neural Network and Genetic Algorithm from Fiems’ Financial crisis
Nader Rezaei Maryam Javaheri -
Open Access Article
108 - Providing an intelligent credit risk management system of the bank based on the macroeconomic indicators in the country's stock exchange banks
Mohsen ziaee Bidhendy Mehrzad Minooee Mirfeiz Fallahshams -
Open Access Article
109 - Investigating the Impact of the Financial Crisis on Conservative Accounting and Transparency of Banking Information
Saeideh Ghasemi Ahmad Sarlak -
Open Access Article
110 - Indicators for Adopting Management Accounting Innovations in Times of Economic Crisis
Somayeh Naeemi Hassan Yazdifar Hossein Shafiei -
Open Access Article
111 - Designing a Career Path Model Based on the Knowledge Management Model in Start-Ups
Davood Sharafizadeh Ebrahim Abbasi Javad Mehrabi -
Open Access Article
112 - Investigating the Role of Social Media in Digital Supply Chain Resilience with a Hybrid Approach
Farhad Jahangiri Abolfazl Danaei Mahsa Akbari Younes Vakil AlRaaya -
Open Access Article
113 - The Role Of Her Excellency Zeinab (SA) To Manage The Political- Religious Crisis In Captivity Period
Valiollah Naghipoorfar Mohammad Alizadeh Mohammad Javad Yavari sSartakhtiThis article with the aim to explain the role of Her Excellency Zeinab (SA) in Ashura movement and its crisis management, attempted to introduce a model of success for Muslim woman in the social and political arena. The biography case study of Her Excellency Zeinab (SA) MoreThis article with the aim to explain the role of Her Excellency Zeinab (SA) in Ashura movement and its crisis management, attempted to introduce a model of success for Muslim woman in the social and political arena. The biography case study of Her Excellency Zeinab (SA) as a woman from the prophet family during the captivity, because of the uniqueness of the event and the formation of new crisis in advancing the history of Shi'ism, along with a focusing on political and religious aspect is very important and could be a model for Muslim women. In this regard, referring to reliable sources, the required information was collected and by using descriptive-analytical way the extracted data was analyzed. Diagnosis of the crisis and its fields, underlying beliefs of crisis management, impressive characteristic features and managerial actions before, during, and after the crisis, were the four components of crisis management in the life of Her Excellency Zeinab (SA) that in this research were found and the result was that she could manage this crisis through the above four components, and turn it into an opportunity to expand Shiite political thought. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
114 - The Relations of Adherence to Islamic Beliefs and Affective Family Climate with Identity Crisis among the Female Students
Fatemeh Sadat Marashian Sahar SafarzadehThe aim of the present study was to investigate the relations of adherence to Islamic beliefs and affective family climate with identity crisis among the female students of Ahvaz Islamic Azad University. The sample of research included 200 subjects who were selected bas MoreThe aim of the present study was to investigate the relations of adherence to Islamic beliefs and affective family climate with identity crisis among the female students of Ahvaz Islamic Azad University. The sample of research included 200 subjects who were selected based on stratified random sampling. For the measurement of the variables, Adherence to Islamic Beliefs (Navidi, 1998), Affective Family Climate (Hill Burn, 1964), Identity Crisis (Ahmadi, 1998) were used. The research was correlational and data analysis by simple correlation coefficient revealed that there were significant relations between adherence to Islamic beliefs and affective family climate with identity crisis of all the subject students. The results also revealed that among the predictive variables, adherence to Islamic beliefs and affective family climate were significant predictors of the criterion variables that was identity crisis. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
115 - ارزیابی بحران منابع آب دشت مهران با مقایسه و تحلیل پارامترهای خشکسالی هواشناسی و هیدرولوژیکی
علی عباسی نیا جعفر مرشدی منیژه ظهوریان جبرئیل قربانیانکمبود آب و عدم مدیریت صحیح منابع آب قابل دسترس، بحران آبی را ایجاد میکند که وقوع خشک‎سالی‎ها باعث تشدید آن میگردد و دارای ابعاد مختلف زیست محیطی، اجتماعی و اقتصادی است. هدف از این پژوهش تحلیل و مقایسه خشک‎سالی هواشناسی و آب‎های زیرزمینی دشت مهران Moreکمبود آب و عدم مدیریت صحیح منابع آب قابل دسترس، بحران آبی را ایجاد میکند که وقوع خشک‎سالی‎ها باعث تشدید آن میگردد و دارای ابعاد مختلف زیست محیطی، اجتماعی و اقتصادی است. هدف از این پژوهش تحلیل و مقایسه خشک‎سالی هواشناسی و آب‎های زیرزمینی دشت مهران با استفاده از شاخص بارش استاندارد شده (SPI) و شاخص آب زیرزمینی (GRI) به منظور ارزیابی بحران منابع آب است. جهت بررسی خشک‎سالی هواشناسی از اطلاعات بارندگی ماهانه ایستگاه سینوپتیک مهران استفاده گردید؛ به منظور بررسی خشک‏سالی آب‎های زیرزمینی دشت مهران، تغییرات تراز آب زیرزمینی دشت مهران بر اساس داده­های سطح آب تعداد 23 حلقه چاه مشاهده‎ای مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفت. همچنین به منظور پایش خشک‎سالی هواشناسی، از شاخص SPI و پایش خشک‎سالی هیدرولوژیکی دشت مهران از شاخص GRI استفاده گردید. دوره آماری مورد نیاز جهت تحلیل خشک‎سالی یک دوره آماری 25 ساله از سال آبی 75-74 تا 97-96 انتخاب گردید. بعد از تعیین دورههای رطوبتی شاخص‎ها، اقدام به تهیه نقشه‎های پهنه‎بندی ماهانه آب‎های زیرزمینی گردید که جهت تهیه این نقشه‎ها از بین مدل‎های مختلف، مدل کریجینگ انتخاب گردید. در نهایت با اعمال مدل نیم تغییر نمای بهینه در کریجینگ و ورود داده‎های آب‎های زیرزمینی به صورت لایه نقطه‎ای، نقشه‎های رستری با استفاده از نرم‎افزار Arc GIS تهیه گردید. نتایج بررسی شاخص SPI نشان می‎دهد که طی دوره‎ای آمار مدنظر 4 دوره خشک‎سالی شدید اتفاق افتاده که شدیدترین آن سال آبی 91-90 بوده که مقدار شاخص SPI آن 73/1- می‎باشد. همچنین نتایج بدست آمده از شاخص GRI در منطقه نشان می‎دهد که یک دوره‎ی خشکسالی 11 ساله آب‎های زیرزمینی اتفاق افتاده است. یعنی از سال آبی 88-87 شروع شده و تا سال آبی 98-97 ادامه داشته است که شدیدترین آن سال 91-90 با مقدار شاخص 11/1- می‎باشد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
116 - Identify the financial crisis of enterprises based on the Z – Score Toffler Index and investigate the impact of their life - cycle on risk and performance measures Companies Listed in Tehran Stock Exchange. (With emphasis on the 2005 Dickinson model
Abdollah Amiri parviz saeidi farshid pourshahabiThe financial crisis and failure of corporate managers always have been a problem for researchers to think of finding ways to predict and improve the status of firms. The risk phenomenon is one of the most important characteristics of decision formation in the field of MoreThe financial crisis and failure of corporate managers always have been a problem for researchers to think of finding ways to predict and improve the status of firms. The risk phenomenon is one of the most important characteristics of decision formation in the field of investment, financial markets and economic activities. The statistical population of the research is the listed companies of Tehran Stock Exchange during the period of 2005-2015. In this regard, the necessity of identifying the financial crisis and examining the effect of different variables on risk and performance measures are highlighted. In this research, first, the statistical sample companies were selected from the elimination method Z - Toffler was used to identify the crisis companies then, the separation of firms to stages were performed using the model of Dickinson cash flows (2005), followed by different periods of life cycle on risk and performance measures in each stage. In order to test the hypotheses, the combination of mixed data and Logit regression method has been used. The software used in this research is Eviews9. The results of the 406 Samples test show that the impact of different periods of life cycle on risk and performance measures has significant differences with one another. The effects of birth and decay periods are higher than those of other periods. Also, the increasing explanatory power of risk measures in different stages of life cycle are significantly different. The maximum explanatory power is related to the decline period Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
117 - Financial crisis and profit smoothing technique
Behrooz Ghorbani mehrdad ghanbari babak jamshidinavid Alireza MoradiThe financial crisis is a long-term process which affects many financial and operational aspects of companiesand the financial reporting system has played a major role in this process by employing different accounting methods.The purpose of this study is to analyze the MoreThe financial crisis is a long-term process which affects many financial and operational aspects of companiesand the financial reporting system has played a major role in this process by employing different accounting methods.The purpose of this study is to analyze the financial crisis by applying the method of smoothing the profit and considering the effects of the variables of the positive accounting theory.This research is a semi-experimental analytical researchWhich is applied in terms of purpose and is classified as descriptive research. Data were analyzed using a sample of 144 listed companies in Tehran Stock Exchange,during the period of 10 years (2007 to 2016), the data were combined and the multivariate regression model was analyzed.The results of the first to third hypotheses indicate thatthere is no significant relationship between the lack of liquidity, the inability to fulfill obligations and the failure of the operation with the profit smoothingand the reason for this is that the companies did not pay much attention to the use of smoothing in the context of the financial crisis.There is also a significant and inverse relationship between bankruptcy and profit smoothingwhich shows that companies facing bankruptcy by smoothing the profits seek to improve the conditions of bankruptcy. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
118 - Combining Green Marketing and Industrial Clusters with Special Offer for Green Industrial Cluster to Exit from Environmental Crisis in Iran
Mehrdad Alipour Hossien Badieye Seyed Mehdi MonirieOne of the current issues of industrial investments in the world is the advent of various problems which the environmental catastrophe is one of the most common one triggering negative consequences and outcomes in the performance of industrial units' activities. Present MoreOne of the current issues of industrial investments in the world is the advent of various problems which the environmental catastrophe is one of the most common one triggering negative consequences and outcomes in the performance of industrial units' activities. Presenting the model of green industrial clusters, in this research, we immersed to survey the combination of green marketing with the industrial cluster to demonstrate techniques of overcoming the environmental crises of the country. Since qualitative approach seemed suitable for various questions and objectives of the research, we utilized it for selecting samples, collecting and analyzing data, reaching a conclusion and answering the research questions. The methods for collecting data were limited to discussions, documents, and interviews. Since the method of sampling was purposeful, saturation theory was utilized for defining the size of the sample. Experts from the ministry of industries, mines, and commerce, small industrial organization, and firms in industrial towns of Iran were interviewed. Therefore, the results demonstrated that all three factors, namely, green productivity, the technology of clean production, and green management, can provide a way to approach towards the green industrial cluster. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
119 - Comparative Analysis of the Relationship between the Net Assets Value and the Share Price of Investing Companies Accepted in Tehran Stock Market
Parviz Dindar FarkoushiThis study aims at informing about investing companies where the share price is considered as the most important and influential factor in investment decision making and the price expectation would play an important role in this kind of investment. So, this research aim MoreThis study aims at informing about investing companies where the share price is considered as the most important and influential factor in investment decision making and the price expectation would play an important role in this kind of investment. So, this research aims at determining the relationship between the net assets value of these companies and the value of their shares in the stock market. This paper is a library study in a review of the literature and theoretical principles of hypothesis including the study of books, articles, and journals. And, the field study is used to study the documents and the papers. Also, the statistical society for assessing the concept was studied. Accordingly, results show that there is a strong positive relationship between the average of net assets value and share prices in the financial statements of investing companies during three years period in the studied companies. However, this relationship could not be determined and noticed in the financial crises. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
120 - Reflecting on the Crisis of Today's Female Identity in the "I am probably lost" Novel (From the perspective of social semiotics)
Sepideh Seyed Faraji Farhad Tahmasebi roghoye sadraeeSome women Iranian contemporary writers at some stage of their writing deal with the nature and identity of women. The narrator of the novel, probably lost, also seeks self-awareness and the discovery of individual identity, and in this way, he suffers from an identity MoreSome women Iranian contemporary writers at some stage of their writing deal with the nature and identity of women. The narrator of the novel, probably lost, also seeks self-awareness and the discovery of individual identity, and in this way, he suffers from an identity crisis and tries to overcome this crisis. Semiotics is one of the interdisciplinary research methods that analyzes the signs and is used in reading literary texts to understand the meanings hidden in them. In this article, an attempt has been made to study and analyze the social codes in the novel "Probably Lost" by Sara Salar, using the approach of social signs. An examination of the novel Lost in Social Semiotics suggests that the author has succeeded in representing and inducing his intended concept of identity crisis. Sarah Salar portrays the presence of social cues in identity codes such as place, clothing, food, and name; It emphasizes this concept especially through the association of past places as well as the anonymity of the main character. Signs of social etiquette are also abundant in this novel. The author has used various methods of non-verbal communication (such as tone and tone) as a platform to reflect the concept of identity loss; In this way, the offensive and unemotional tone of speech in the narrator's mental dialogues also serves to instill the concept of identity crisis. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
121 - The Model of factors affecting Crisis Management in Sports Organizations: Passive Defense Approach
Mehran Seirafian Boboldashti, Rasool Nazari elham moshkelgoshaThe purpose of this study is to assess the effect of organizationa culture on knowledge sharing and agility in crisis management. The method of this study is applied in terms of purpose, and in terms of research type, a descriptive survey is carried out. The statistical MoreThe purpose of this study is to assess the effect of organizationa culture on knowledge sharing and agility in crisis management. The method of this study is applied in terms of purpose, and in terms of research type, a descriptive survey is carried out. The statistical population of this study included employees of Isfahan,s sport organization. 386 people were selected by stratified random sampling. Data were collected using questionnaire and data analysis using structural equation modeling with Smart PLS and SPSS software. The results indicate that the organizational culture is a significant predictor of knowledge sharing in employees. In other words, the organizational culture does affect the knowledge sharing. Meanwhile the results of structural equation modeling show that identifying the affecting parameters of agility in critical conditions and improving them can be constructive in encouraging employees to demonstrate agility behavior. What is more, according to the findings, organizational culture and knowledge sharing considerably affect agility in crisis management. Therefore, formulating a model for documenting experiences, applying data mining, increasing the organizational affiliation of employees and knowledge-based managers are among the practical recommendations for managers to agile organization for crisis management in sports organizations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
122 - Sociological investigation of the crisis of Khuzestan province from 1384 to 1400
atefa mosavi amirabad bahman rahimi MOHAMAD TORABIabstractKhuzestan province faced a new cultural, security, political, economic, and environmental trend since 2004. In this article, an attempt was made to examine the most important factors of the Khuzestan crisis.With a mixed approach, the researchers, while using the MoreabstractKhuzestan province faced a new cultural, security, political, economic, and environmental trend since 2004. In this article, an attempt was made to examine the most important factors of the Khuzestan crisis.With a mixed approach, the researchers, while using the opinion documents of 5 experts, counted the factors of the crisis and after compiling and distributing the questionnaire, they counted the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats and based on that, they presented coping strategies.Promoting and protecting the cultural discourse, making the economic, political and environmental system more efficient and confronting terrorist groups as a strategy, ethnic and religious convergence and water management as a solution, synergy of responsible institutions, cohesion and solidarity of ethnic groups, allocating a percentage of oil sales, monitoring the flow Anti-security as evaluation indicators and the degree of dependence on the Shiite religion, the amount of use of the provincial forces, and the reduction of terrorist acts were calculated as performance indicators.The nature of Khuzestan crisis is of a mixed nature. An issue that the effective and relevant actors have focused on soft measures with a combined design without hard measures, an issue that requires short-, medium- and long-term planning to limit and eventually stop it. Solving many of the described factors or reducing their effects and consequences, along with solving economic problems, will reduce harsh measures and ultimately reduce the phenomenon of religious changes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
123 - Politics in Suhrawardi's thought Re-readingSuhrawardi's political thought with emphasis on A. Spragens query model
Mir Jamal Al- Din Taghavi Moghadam Mohammad Agah Mohammad Kazem Kaveh PishghadamWhat shows the originality of Suhrawardi's political philosophy is his attention and determination to find a way out of the political-social crises of his era. Although some consider Suhrawardi as an idealist thinker, what makes Suhrawardi's political thought accurate i MoreWhat shows the originality of Suhrawardi's political philosophy is his attention and determination to find a way out of the political-social crises of his era. Although some consider Suhrawardi as an idealist thinker, what makes Suhrawardi's political thought accurate is the reflection on the fact that he, by drawing an accurate picture of the chaos of his time and trying to rebuild the society, seeks a realistic reading of The current state of the society is contemporary. The present article aims to raise the question of how to describe the crisis of the political system of our contemporary society, and what solution does he propose to cure it and get out of it? He had perceived the reality of his society in such a way that deep religious divisions, prejudice and religious violence have become the basis for the division of members of the society. Suhrawardi is trying to provide a cure for such a crisis-stricken society. Based on A. Spragens search method, the hypothesis of the current research is based on the opinion that Suhrawardi, by observing the disorder of the society of his era and searching for the causes of this disorder, is of the opinion that the voids and crises created in the social foundations of his era are the basis for the emergence of And there has been an epistemic gap between wisdom and government. By explaining the current situation and delineating the desired situation, Suhrawardi seeks to restore the relationship between wisdom and government in the form of giving legitimacy to the wise ruler's government, as a solution to the crisis of the political system. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
124 - The Crisis of Democracy and New Leviathan(Book Review Democracy and Moral Conflict)
Behnam JoudiThis article reviews the book Democracy and Moral Conflict Written by Robert B. Talisse. Talisse in the crisis of democracy, which is a Hobbesian natural state, offered the alternative to the standard views of democratic political philosophers who believe that the democ MoreThis article reviews the book Democracy and Moral Conflict Written by Robert B. Talisse. Talisse in the crisis of democracy, which is a Hobbesian natural state, offered the alternative to the standard views of democratic political philosophers who believe that the democracy derived from some decidedly moral commitment. But he argued, there is good reason to think that, under current conditions, these values among citizens are essentially controversial. By contrast, the case for democratic politics which he proposed in this book draws from principles that are epistemic rather than moral and he called it folk epistemology. Talisse is a liberal democratic philosopher, but his method and solution to this crisis is Hobbesian, the separation of ethics and politics. However, he did not propose 'absolute state', but 'dialogical democracy'. Hence, a dialogical democracy requires the state to pursue the cultivation of certain epistemic capabilities among its citizens. Talisse's alternative is Hobbesian: New Leviathan. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
125 - The legitimacy of The Taliban Government : viewe point of International law
Akbar saavari samane rahmatifar shahram zarneshanAbstract:The establishment of the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan by the Taliban group in this country, despite the complete occupation of the country's territory and the domination over the people and public institutions, has created many challenges for the internationa MoreAbstract:The establishment of the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan by the Taliban group in this country, despite the complete occupation of the country's territory and the domination over the people and public institutions, has created many challenges for the international community. In the new era of dominating and ruling Afghanistan (2021), this group has continued its previous methods in facing the people and neighbors, which is influenced by global public opinion and the security concerns of other governments and institutions. Internationally, it has also brought legitimacy crisis for this government. In fact, the question of what the Taliban's willingness and ability to comply with international commitments will lead to, in front of the Afghan people and the international community, has created the main question of the current research; what is the position of traditional and modern international law regarding the recognition and performance of the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan (Taliban government)? The research method of this survey is comparative-descriptive and the method of collecting data is library. The result of this research shows that: the components of the legitimacy of a state from the view point of modern international law, compared to the era before it, i.e. classical international law, have found obvious differences, and the international community, until Resolving human rights and humanitarian concerns, security concerns and fear of terrorist acts, recognizing people's right to self-determination and applying good governance practices and internationally well-known standards, will not recognize the Islamic government of Taliban. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
126 - Presentation of an Operational Budgeting Model in Crisis Management
Shohrehosadat KarimiJahromi Mohammad Sharif Malekzadeh Abbas Saleh Ardestani -
Open Access Article
127 - Assessing the risks of aqueducts in urban crisis management (Case Study of Neishabour City)
ghadir siyami mohammad golmohammadi Ali TalebiCities are considered to be one of the most sensitive geographical areas due to demographic changes and land use, which, if these changes are not explored and foreseen by the authorities and municipalities, will cause irreparable financial and human damages to the citiz MoreCities are considered to be one of the most sensitive geographical areas due to demographic changes and land use, which, if these changes are not explored and foreseen by the authorities and municipalities, will cause irreparable financial and human damages to the citizens. The lack of planning in the field of urban development and determining the proper direction of growth of the city today has caused irreparable losses and costs, such as the expansion of cities such as Neishabur on the territory of Qanat. Ghannat is one of the oldest and most economical methods for extracting groundwater and is part of Iran's national heritage. But today, with the underground water level and the drying of the aqueducts, these underground channels have become a crisis in urban areas. Dozens of buildings are damaged in Iran annually due to its collapse caused by the canals of the Qanats. The present paper uses a field-analytical method and using documentary studies, using the AHP hierarchical process model and GIS software using various indicators and valuation of land subsidence criteria to study the areas at risk in Neyshabour city. Finally, there are also strategies and policies to prevent, plan and manage crisis management in the event of a risk. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
128 - The environmental, political and security consequences of the drying up of Urmia Lake using remote sensing on the barracks of the Islamic Republic of Iran Army in the Urmia Lake basin.
vahid isazade Jvad EshaghiIn this research, the aim of this research is to the environmental, political and security consequences of the drying up of Lake Urmia using remote sensing on the barracks of the Islamic Republic of Iran Army in Lake Urmia. In terms of the purpose, the present research MoreIn this research, the aim of this research is to the environmental, political and security consequences of the drying up of Lake Urmia using remote sensing on the barracks of the Islamic Republic of Iran Army in Lake Urmia. In terms of the purpose, the present research is in the category of applied research, and in terms of the nature and method of the research, it is a descriptive survey type of research. The statistical population of the current research is the army barracks of the Islamic Republic of Iran in the area of Lake Urmia. To monitor salt particles in Urmia Lake, Sentinel 5, Madis and Landsat 8 satellite images for 2000 to 2022 from the Google Earth Engine system were used. In this research, the spatial descriptions and analyses available in the geographic information system (GEE system and Gis Arc software) have been used. According to the results of Moran's spatial autocorrelation analysis of salt dust dispersion and their impact on army barracks in Lake Urmia basin during 2010, Moran's coefficient showed 0.816328%. This percentage has reached its highest level by 2022. The highest concentration of hot spots (dispersion of salt particles) can be seen in only one high cluster in the northeastern parts of the Urmia lake basin, which includes Tabriz's 2nd Shekhari Barracks and Tabriz's 121st Brigade. In addition, the results of the research show that the security consequences of the mini-guns in the two barracks of Mahabad and Saqzaz Nazar show the defence and security aspect in 2015, which include an increase in the amount of unauthorized traffic, the creation of security loopholes, disruption in the movement of patrolling personnel, a decrease Field of vision, especially in times of wind and visibility, disturbance in standby and support, and disturbance in telecommunication networks are the most important security consequences of crisis defence. In 2022, the spatial dispersion of salt dust was not specific to one barrack, and most of the army barracks in the region were affected by the harmful dust of the lake, in this year, the highest amount of salt dust was found in the barracks of Urmia, Shekhari, Tabriz, Ghoshchi, Saqez and Mahabad is scattered. The security consequences of micro-rounds in the whole region in terms of defence, security and political dimensions, including ethnic-religious differences between the Turks and Kurds, increasing public discontent, decreasing the social solidarity of citizens with the government, increasing street protests and urban riots in the region, ethnic incitement. and more dissatisfaction, security crimes have increased. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
129 - Explaining the future scenarios of banking industry brand credit with a future research approach
Hossein Zolfaghardehnavi Mehdi Mohammadzadehvashan Hossein Hakimpour Hamid RezaeifarAs the market conditions become more competitive in the banking industry, loyal customers are considered as the main capital. The reputation of the brand and its specialization play a significant role in creating customer loyalty. In this regard, the future research was MoreAs the market conditions become more competitive in the banking industry, loyal customers are considered as the main capital. The reputation of the brand and its specialization play a significant role in creating customer loyalty. In this regard, the future research was conducted with the aim of identifying and explaining the future scenarios of brand credibility in the banking industry with a quantitative-qualitative combined approach. The methodology governing the research is descriptive-analytical. The required inputs have been collected by library and field methods and have been analyzed using Mic Mac, Scenario Wizard, Vensim and Shannon's entropy model. The results of the research showed that out of the eighteen possible situations related to five scenarios with strong compatibility, the situations that express the future scenarios of the brand credibility of the banking industry on the verge of the crisis include the most possible possible situations. Based on this, the solution of providing financial facilities according to the customer's needs by using up-to-date technologies and deeper knowledge of the customer was recognized as the most appropriate solution from the experts' point of view. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
130 - Abbasids And The Political Crisis in Khorasan
zohre alipoor avalThe importance of Great Khorasan as a strategic region and effective in the administration of the territories of the Eastern Islamic Caliphate, could never be ignored from the point of view of the caliphs. The connection of this area with Transoxiana or beyond the river MoreThe importance of Great Khorasan as a strategic region and effective in the administration of the territories of the Eastern Islamic Caliphate, could never be ignored from the point of view of the caliphs. The connection of this area with Transoxiana or beyond the river and the existence of settled cities, commercial streets and fertile lands, reminded the caliphs of the need to consider a serious and costly policy for the administration of Khorasan. However, the continuous unrest and the lack of comprehensive management in this region not only had an impact on the reduction of the Caliphate's income, but also had a direct effect on the creation of disorder in the Trans-Nahar region and the escalation of the political crisis. Based on the descriptive-analytical method, the current research tries to answer the question, what were the most important challenges of establishing the stable control of the Abbasid caliphs over Khorasan and Transoxiana? The results of the findings indicate that in the first period of the Abbasid caliphate, despite the caliphs benefiting from military authority, due to the multitude of opponents and successive changes in the balance of power, it was not possible to establish stable stability. After the killing of Abu Muslim, the conflict between the caliphs and the Khorasanis until the Taherians gained internal independence, deprived Great Khorasan of the possibility of stability and became a platform for the influence of the Turks in Transoxiana and the borders of Islam territories. key words : Khorasan. Abbasid Caliphate,Transoxiana,Political crisis Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
131 - Examine the roots of the crisis in the Cabinet of the Mashrute revolution in 1285 until 3rd of Esfand in 1299
mohammad yosofi juibari ali arastehCabinets that have reigned after Mashrute revolution faced with several problems for different reasons, such that 51 cabinets have reigned during 14 years and one in 3 months were average changes of period that indicates no good situation in early Mashrute. Several inte MoreCabinets that have reigned after Mashrute revolution faced with several problems for different reasons, such that 51 cabinets have reigned during 14 years and one in 3 months were average changes of period that indicates no good situation in early Mashrute. Several internal and external factors played role in these crisises. From external point of view, direct and unlimited involvements of colonical governments including Russia and England in all the internal issues of Iran and determining their intended prim minister in order to fulfill their profits and wants, practically, made cabinets as part of instruments of colonial authorship in Iran. Nevertheless, it should be mentioned to the internal factors like the first experience of Mashrute and parliamentary authorship, personal and familian ego- centrism, groupism, preference of private advantages to the public and disturbance as aresult, different classes and groups became pessimistic toward structure and performance of Mashrute system and prepar objective and subjective substract for emergence of a dictator. Finally Rezakhan could end the event flow infavor of himself relying on internal and external factors and partially personal abilities. In this article, it is attempted to examine internal and external crisises in Iranian Cabinets since Mashrute revolution in 1285 solar calendar to coupdetat of 3rd of Esfand in 1299 of solar calendar.the methodology is descriptive – analytic and based on library and archive method. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
132 - National identification during Reza Shah Era: styles and Methods
Amin Deilami MoezziOne of the special functioning rotes of the first pahlavi’s government as a modern absolute one was to ascertain the national the identity of people . But Reza Shah managed the social modern ascertainment in such a way that his other priorities suchas MoreOne of the special functioning rotes of the first pahlavi’s government as a modern absolute one was to ascertain the national the identity of people . But Reza Shah managed the social modern ascertainment in such a way that his other priorities suchas government appointment and his situation not to be in opposition . This project was carried on by means of a series of tools and methods. Of such instruments one con point out as the following : centrism through suppressing the autonomous forces (tribes and clans, and independence seeking provinces), country name changing, that is to say from Persia to Iran’, Arabic Turkish month name changing to Persian , and so changing lunar year to solarone, intellect training organization , high council of culture and radio, and mass media . education, four preparations , modern Justice system, and propagandizing was use of the methods, as well, which were , from his point of view, necessary in getting to modern Iran. In fact, in governing the country, he interfered the subjects’ lives and so he carried on his project of socializing the people , and resolved it as one of necessary materials of the modern government Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
133 - foreign policy of Islamic republic of Iran visavis Nagorno-Karabakh crisis
Fazel Feizy nafiseh nematzadehDevelopments in the South Caucasus region have an impact on the national interests of the Islamic Republic of Iran due to the geographical proximity and ethnic, religious and cultural affinity that the people of this region have with Iran. In this regard, Iran adopted a MoreDevelopments in the South Caucasus region have an impact on the national interests of the Islamic Republic of Iran due to the geographical proximity and ethnic, religious and cultural affinity that the people of this region have with Iran. In this regard, Iran adopted a policy of active neutrality in order to play a role in the first Nagorno-Karabakh crisis. This is while during the second crisis, Iran spoke more openly about "Karabagh" belonging to Azerbaijan. This article examines the change of Iran's foreign policy strategy in the second Nagorno-Karabakh crisis and answers the question, "What factors caused the change in the foreign policy strategy of the Islamic Republic of Iran regarding the second Nagorno-Karabakh crisis?" It seems that Iran's policy as an Islamic and Shia country and in the shadow of factors such as ethnicity and religion led to a change in Iran's foreign policy strategy in the second crisis in the form of emphasizing the territorial integrity of Azerbaijan while respecting the rights of ethnic minorities and the inviolability of international borders. The basis of descriptive-analytical methodology and library resources has been done. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
134 - The political and security approach of the Islamic Republic of Iran in the West Asian region
safar alirezaei Bashir Ismaili Gonharani Esmaeil shafiee SarvestaniWest Asia is undergoing major developments; several great revolutions have taken place in the region in the past few years, and on the other hand, war, terrorism, and the widespread involvement of international powers in it have severely challenged the independence and MoreWest Asia is undergoing major developments; several great revolutions have taken place in the region in the past few years, and on the other hand, war, terrorism, and the widespread involvement of international powers in it have severely challenged the independence and territorial integrity of the region and West Asia in full swing. Be inflammatory. The purpose of this article is to examine the political and security approach of the Islamic Republic of Iran in the crisis in the West Asian region. This article has studied this issue by collecting data through library study and citation. The purpose of national security policies is to protect the national interest, the status quo, the survival of the country and the like. The results show that in order to succeed in its international interactions in the West Asian region, both in the field of defense and in the field of foreign policy. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
135 - Shariati, Spirituality and Abandoned Men in the Age of Globalization
Khorshid Najafi Jouybari Hasan Shamsini asadolah athary maryan Samad Ghaem Panah Khorshid Najafi Jouybari[1] Hasan Shamsini[2] Asadolah Athariy Mariyan[3] Samad Ghaem Panah[4] Abstract: In his works and views, Shariati provides an overview of identity, morality, and religion for living in this world. For this reaso More Khorshid Najafi Jouybari[1] Hasan Shamsini[2] Asadolah Athariy Mariyan[3] Samad Ghaem Panah[4] Abstract: In his works and views, Shariati provides an overview of identity, morality, and religion for living in this world. For this reason, given the Muslim world, including Iran, has been affected by the crises of globalization and the media. Reconsideration on Shariati's point of views can address some of these social and ethical challenges. For this reason, in recent decades, Shariati's specific concepts and beliefs about selflessness, committed democracy, equality, justice, meaningful religion, individualism, responsibility is all greatly enhanced, because these concepts address the crisis of abandoned humanity, the crisis of identity, the rise of social strife, Citizens’ isolationism, the new lifestyle, the inefficiency of political democracy, and the challenges of modernity. In other words, current analysts and thinkers are trying to respond to Shariati's ideas and to bring them into line with the 21st century to respond to the current situation and needs of citizens in the social dimension. [1] - Ph.D. Candidate of Political Science, Islamic Azad University of Takestan, kh.najafi58@gmail.com [2]- Assistant Professor of Political Science. Department of Political Science. Azad University of Takestan Branch. Qazvin. Iran, Shamsini_h@yahoo.com [3] - Assistant Professor and Faculty Member, Department of Political Science, Takestan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qazvin, Iran, athariy.asadolah@yhoo.com [4] Assistant Professor and Faculty Member, Department of Political Science, Faculty of Law and Political Science, Takestan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qazvin, Iran, Corresponding Author, sghaempanah89@gmail.com Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
136 - Impact of Ukraine Crisis on Russia, Focusing on Ukraine's Geopolitical Importance to Russia after Soviet Collapse by 2018
Sohila Poladi Bahram Yusefi Fereydoon Akbarzadeh Hossein Karimi FardSohila Poladi[1] Bahram Yusefi[2] Fereydoon Akbarzadeh[3] Hossein Karimi Fard[4] Abstract: Ukraine is a country with a specific geopolitical position between the EU and Russia; this geopolitical situation has unintentionally engaged Ukraine in internationa MoreSohila Poladi[1] Bahram Yusefi[2] Fereydoon Akbarzadeh[3] Hossein Karimi Fard[4] Abstract: Ukraine is a country with a specific geopolitical position between the EU and Russia; this geopolitical situation has unintentionally engaged Ukraine in international disputes, which generally arise between the three powers Russia, the European Union and the United States. In this research, the research is descriptive-analytical and the data are col­le­cted using library resources. Research Question: What were the origins and effects of the Russian-Ukrainian crisis? Conclusion: Russia has felt threatened by the West's presence in Ukraine and its position on the Western Front, and with the separation of the Crimean Peninsula from Ukraine and its accession to its territory, it has sought to balance the W­est; The parties involved have argued that Ukraine's territorial integrity could be eroded, Ukraine's economic situation weakened, Ukraine's def­e­­nse capability boomed, Russia's boycott of the West and its economy we­akened, Russia's suspension of Eighth membership, NATO's sus­pe­ns­ion of cooperation. Russia, an EU boycott of EU agricultural products a­nd challenge among EU members on how to deal with Re-entry vehicle, challenged the hegemony of America and Asian countries are close to Russia. [1]- PhD in Political Science - International Relations - Khorramshahr International Branch - Persian Gulf - Islamic Azad University of Khorramshahr - Iran [2]- Assistant Professor, Department of Political Science, Khorramshahr International Branch - Persian Gulf, Khorramshahr Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran: Corresponding Author [3]- Assistant Professor, Department of Political Science, Khorramshahr International Branch - Persian Gulf, Khorramshahr Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran [4]- Associate Professor and Scientific Memberships Department of Political Science, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
137 - The effect of corporation cash holdings and financial crisis on the tail risk spillovers
Effat Ahmadizadeh Habib Alah Amirbeyki LangaroudiThis research investigated the effect of cash holdings and financial crisis on the tail risk spillovers from financial sector companies to non-financial corporations listed in Tehran stock exchange. The purpose of this study is to examine the existing empirical evidence MoreThis research investigated the effect of cash holdings and financial crisis on the tail risk spillovers from financial sector companies to non-financial corporations listed in Tehran stock exchange. The purpose of this study is to examine the existing empirical evidence and determine the degree of conformity of the existing facts with the theoretical foundations of the relationship between tail risk spillovers and cash holdings by listed companies in Tehran Stock Exchange. The design of the study is descriptive-correlational and the data was collected via archival process. In this research, a sample of 136 companies from Tehran stock exchange companies was selected through a systematic sampling method. The research timeframe is 12 years from 2005 to 2016. Selective approach is used to test hypotheses by combining combined data and the integrated least squares regression (data panel) method has been used. The results of the study indicate a significant relationship between the cash holdings and the financial crisis over tail risk spillovers from financial sector companies to non-financial sector companies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
138 - The relationship between managerial ability and audit fees
Mahtab Ebrahimkhani Mehdi BeshkohThe main purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between managers' ability and audit fees in companies admitted to the Tehran Stock Exchange. The costing of audit services has been one of the topics of interest to many researchers, and so far many studi MoreThe main purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between managers' ability and audit fees in companies admitted to the Tehran Stock Exchange. The costing of audit services has been one of the topics of interest to many researchers, and so far many studies have been done in this field. Most of them pursue a major goal, which is to identify the factors influencing audit fees. One of the most important determinants of audit fees is the concept of managerial ability. In accounting literature, the ability to manage one of the dimensions of human capital is a company that It is classified as an intangible asset. Define the management as the efficiency of managers towards competitors in the conversion of corporate resources. Findings show that management ability is a factor influencing the decisions of auditors. In order to measure the management ability, The statistical sample consists of 81 companies that have been selected by systematic elimination method, which consisted of 648 companies in total, covering the period from 2009 to 2016. This research is applied and used to test the hypothesis. By examining the research hypothesis, there was a significant negative correlation between managers' ability and audit fees. This result shows that firms that have more powerful executives than other companies pay less audit fees. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
139 - Determination of the Effect of Corporate Governance on Financial Performance and Financial Distress in Firms Listed on Tehran Stock Exchange
Shahedeh Rezaei Amir Mohammad ZadehPurpose – This paper aims to empirically examine the impact of quality of corporate governance (CG) practices on firm performance and financial distress. For this purpose, Iran country was selected as sample. Design, methodology, approach – To assess the le MorePurpose – This paper aims to empirically examine the impact of quality of corporate governance (CG) practices on firm performance and financial distress. For this purpose, Iran country was selected as sample. Design, methodology, approach – To assess the level of CG practices at a given firm, the current study constructs corporate governance index (CGI) which consists of four dimensions: disclosure and transparency, composition of the board of directors, shareholders’ rights, and ownership and control structure. Based on a sample of 102 non-financial firms listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange, from 2009 to 2015, the effects of CG on performance and financial distress are assessed. Tobin’s Q, ROA and ROE were used to assess corporate performance. At the same time, the Altman Z-score is used as a financial distress indicator, as it measures financial distress inversely. The bigger the Z-score, the smaller the risk of financial distress. Findings – The results showed that the quality of corporate governance has significant effect on ROA, ROE and Q-tobin index. Also, the results showed that the quality of corporate governance has no significant effect on the financial crisis. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
140 - Investigating the Crisis Management of the Response Phase and Reconstruction of the Plasco Building after the Fire in December 1995
Mohsen Manoujahri Amir Hossein GarkaniCrisis management is one of the significant factors in reducing the amount of damage and human casualties when accidents occur. If the necessary principles have already been considered before the crisis occurs and people have enough training, practices, and experience f MoreCrisis management is one of the significant factors in reducing the amount of damage and human casualties when accidents occur. If the necessary principles have already been considered before the crisis occurs and people have enough training, practices, and experience from past accidents, it would be a greater chance of success in a management crisis. The purpose study is to investigate (explain) the problems and obstacles and observe the crisis factors after the reconstruction of the Plasco building. The renewal of the Plasco building has been studied by three factors (structural, non-structural, and crisis management). This research is applied and descriptive-analytical research. The area under study in this research is the Plasco building which is located in Tehran, which absolutely collapsed due to a fire in 1995. The statistical population was among the people who have been playing a role in the reconstruction of the studied area, including 15 to 60 people. In this research, the sampling continued until the data reached saturation, and this research was studied with 15 people. The research results showed that the average score for the spectrum of awareness of resources and equipment is 9.7, which is higher than the average spectrum score, which is 6, that is a significant difference. The analysis on people's knowledge about warning systems showed that the proper planning or policy for renewing the Plasco building is in good condition due to the existence of warning systems. Also, the statistical findings have shown that the average score of the respondents from the dimension of response mechanism is 45, which means that in the reconstruction of the Plasko building, the way to respond to the fire crisis will be in good condition. The average score of the respondents from the spectrum existing of the necessary policy and policy to deal with fire is 32/43, the state of planning appropriate policies in structural, non-structural, crisis management, organization, preparing of organization, after the reconstruction of the Plasco building is correct. Fire has always been one of the most significant issues that has caused lots of damage to humans. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 000 00 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 000 00 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 000 00 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 000 00 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 000 00 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 000 00 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 00 0 0 Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
141 - The effectiveness of reality therapy on identity crisis and Homesickness of student’s dormitory boarding schools in Isfahan
Narges rezaei Hosein abadi Felor Khayatan The Present study aimed to examine the effectiveness of reality therapy on identity crisis and homesickness which was conducted based on a semi-experimental method in a pretest-posttest design with control group. The study population included 1500 mal More The Present study aimed to examine the effectiveness of reality therapy on identity crisis and homesickness which was conducted based on a semi-experimental method in a pretest-posttest design with control group. The study population included 1500 male high school students living in dormitories of boarding schools at academic year of 2016-17 in Isfahan, 30 of whom were selected based on availability given inclusion and exclusion criteria and using simple random selection. The participants were then divided into two groups of experiment and control (n=15). All the participants completed the research instruments including, Ahmadi’s Identity Crisis Questionnaire (1988) and Van Vliet’s Homesickness Questionnaire (2001) at pretest and posttest. The Experiment group received 10 sessions of reality therapy while the control group did not receive any treatment. The Collected data were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA. The Results indicated that reality therapy has positive effect on reduction of identity crisis and homesickness (p<0/05). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
142 - Political Consequences of Natural Disasters in Iran: The Future Research on the Political Consequences of a Possible Earthquake
hamid Mahalati Rayeni Abolfazl Delavari RezaAli MohseniIran has experienced devastating earthquakes in recent decades, each with significant damage and different socio-political consequences. What has caused public concern, especially among policymakers and managers, is the possibility of a severe earthquake in Tehran. Payi MoreIran has experienced devastating earthquakes in recent decades, each with significant damage and different socio-political consequences. What has caused public concern, especially among policymakers and managers, is the possibility of a severe earthquake in Tehran. Paying attention to the location of this city and the dimensions of the consequences of such an earthquake reveals the importance and necessity of addressing it. Many researchers, policymakers, and aid agencies believe that natural disasters strengthen alliance between groups and moderate conflict, but because they face a shortage of basic resources after people's disasters, natural disasters can provoke conflict and conflict within the country. The current study examines one of the neglected aspects of the consequences of accidents, namely political vulnerability. In this study, the future research method and a combination of Delphi technique and scenario writing, along with a questionnaire and a matrix of cross-referenced effects have been used. It has been used and referred to experts and specialists in crisis management for future research. Identification of key factors and the extent of the impact and uncertainty of the identified indicators of the political consequences of the earthquake were determined through a questionnaire compiled by experts panel. This questionnaire, which was extracted and designed based on the conceptual model and using theoretical framework, divided the influential factors into 32 factors. After summarizing the opinions of experts, a consensus was reached twice. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
143 - The role of crisis management in reducing natural disasters in the dilapidated fabric of Bandar Abbas from the perspective of urban sociology
Mohammad Reza Jaberi nasab Akbar Abdollahzadeh side Arash Saghafi Principle Hassan Sattari SarbanqoliNatural disasters are a major challenge in achieving urban resilience, sustainable development and crisis management. Crisis management is the process of preventing a crisis or minimizing its effects when it occurs. One of the cities in Iran that is involved in the prob MoreNatural disasters are a major challenge in achieving urban resilience, sustainable development and crisis management. Crisis management is the process of preventing a crisis or minimizing its effects when it occurs. One of the cities in Iran that is involved in the problem of natural disasters is Bandar Abbas. The main purpose of this study is crisis management in order to reduce accidents and natural damage in the dilapidated fabric of Bandar Abbas from the perspective of urban sociology. This research was applied based on the nature of the research. The research method was documentary-library and the analysis method was descriptive. Based on the obtained results, the suitable location of this city in relation to the coastline and the ongoing studies of reconstruction projects are among the opportunities available in the city of Bandar Abbas. In marginal and dilapidated urban contexts, lack of proper facilities, non-implementation of the administrative council at the macro level, public and non-transparent implementation of projects prepared for citizens and low level of health and lack of service facilities, important threats for accidents and the natural damages of Bandar Abbas are considered Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
144 - Identifying the effective components of social capital on the promotion of crisis management system and realization of resilience (Case study: Tabriz metropolis)
Maryam Alipour Shoari Dehghani Ali Panahi Reza ValizadehNowadays, the concept of urban resilience has become a global consensus to achieve sustainable urban development. Due to the importance of urban resilience, the purpose of this study is to identify the effective components of social capital on the promotion of crisis ma MoreNowadays, the concept of urban resilience has become a global consensus to achieve sustainable urban development. Due to the importance of urban resilience, the purpose of this study is to identify the effective components of social capital on the promotion of crisis management system and, consequently, the realization of resilience in the metropolis of Tabriz. In this regard, the research method is applied from the perspective of purpose and from the perspective of analytical-exploratory nature, which in order to analyze the information, has been used of structural equation modeling in Amos software. The statistical population of the study also includes managers, officials and experts in urban crisis management as well as academic elites, which using Cohen's formula, the statistical sample size is estimated at 200 people. Findings show that the effect of social capital variables, ie interconnected (intra-organizational), interconnected (inter-organizational) and related, on organizational promotion and realization of resilience were 0.71, 0.65 and 0.58, respectively. Also, among the sub-variables, the most influential are related to the variables of knowledge required to face crises, the degree of internalization in the face of crises and coordination between decision-making centers and executive activities, which the value of the structural model for them are calculated 0.92, 89. 0, 0.83 and 0.81. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
145 - Designing an indigenous model of crisis communication management in Tehran
Hamideh Khorsand Alireza Talkhabi AlishahStudying of sectional crises in developing countries especially Iran (that its turning point is the capital) shows communication in its various forms that has operated as an acceleration factor. Thus, this study wants to offer a model that is crisis communication manage MoreStudying of sectional crises in developing countries especially Iran (that its turning point is the capital) shows communication in its various forms that has operated as an acceleration factor. Thus, this study wants to offer a model that is crisis communication management of Tehran can have effective communication actions for audience at the time of the outbreak of the crisis. According to nature of the subject in this study, combined methods (survey and Delphi technique) are used in order to realize the objectives outlined. The field of this study includes communications professors, managers in charge of media, and headquarters officials of crisis management in Tehran. By using the second Cochran formula the sample size was 217 people. According to the Delphi Technique, viewpoints of 30 teachers expressed in this regard and senior managers of crisis management headquarters and managers in charge of media as experts are used in order to build and complete the questionnaires. According to the results of structural equation modeling, all factor loadings of measuring variables on Six-media functions in the pre-crisis management (Informing, educating, monitoring and observing the media environment, public solidarity, guided by public opinion and communication) were significant. Also, according to the information, all factor loadings of measuring variables on Six-media requirements in the effective crisis management (management requirements, media personnel requirements, structural requirements communication, audience-oriented of communication, contextual studies and accountability) were meaningful. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
146 - Examining the relationship between family function and adolescent identity crisis of Khomeini shahr in 1388.
Mohammad Reza Iravani Salimeh Yosefi HamidiIn this study, 200 teenagers of South and north Shariati streets in Khomeini shahr. The method of the study is a descriptive - co relational and therefore the researcher try to report everything without any intervention or subjective inference and reach to objective res MoreIn this study, 200 teenagers of South and north Shariati streets in Khomeini shahr. The method of the study is a descriptive - co relational and therefore the researcher try to report everything without any intervention or subjective inference and reach to objective results. Family function test and identity test tools used in this study and the students were randomly selected. The results showed that there is 95% significant relationship between identity and family function. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
147 - Jurisprudential deliberation of crisis management in natural disasters
Hasan Hasan zadeh mohammad Adiby mehrNature and the universe, which is the divine mercy of all beings, has its own system in addition to numerous benefits, sometimes has harmful effects for creatures, of which natural disasters are among them. Because of the ignorance of the wisdom of these events, human b MoreNature and the universe, which is the divine mercy of all beings, has its own system in addition to numerous benefits, sometimes has harmful effects for creatures, of which natural disasters are among them. Because of the ignorance of the wisdom of these events, human beings often consider the injustice and absolute evil to be an unreasonable look and unfair judgment and is far from the truth. Regarding to the wisdom of occurrence of the events of the The universe of nature as coming in the Quran and narratives and the necessity of having correct management of the crisis for the purpose of coping with the consciousness and turning the threat of these disasters into human opportunity, this research seeks to be descriptive and analyzing and collecting information in a library method with the use of dynamic Islamic jurisprudence and its application in solving the problems of the updates to study the strategies for preventing and confronting these incidents and expressing the jurisprudential foundations of crisis management in natural disasters. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
148 - An autopsy of Iran's decline in the views of Seyed Javad Tabatabai
majiad norozi asadollah athari حسن شمسینی غیاثوندThe issue of degeneration and crisis has been raised in the past, especially in contemporary Iran. Thinkers and intellectuals from different philosophical, political, economic and cultural dimensions have studied the decline of Iran. Most intellectuals, both religious a MoreThe issue of degeneration and crisis has been raised in the past, especially in contemporary Iran. Thinkers and intellectuals from different philosophical, political, economic and cultural dimensions have studied the decline of Iran. Most intellectuals, both religious and non-religious, have viewed the issue of Iran's decline from an ideological perspective. The central question and purpose of this research is to examine the philosophical approach of Seyed Javad Tabatabai to the decline of Iran. Tabatabai believes that the question is a philosophical decline and that the answer must be thoughtful. This intellectual has explained this issue from different historical dimensions, the West, the nature of government and tradition in Iran. Thus, modern rationality and reason itself are known as the foundation for overcoming degeneration and challenges. Of course, some thinkers have criticized this theory from different conceptual dimensions such as the definition of degeneration, the concept of Iran, being Hegelian and the idea of authoritarianism. The theory of degeneration has also been criticized in terms of the interaction of development and rationality, Westernism, the interaction of tradition and modernity, and the general culture of the Iranian people. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
149 - The Behavioral pattern of Russian foreign policy after 2000 and its future prospects
Touraj Hatami afshin zargar armin aminiResearch on Russian foreign policy in recent decades has always been a topic of interest and analytical appeal to researchers in the field of foreign policy and international relations. As the main heir to the Soviet Union, the Russian Federation still retains many of i MoreResearch on Russian foreign policy in recent decades has always been a topic of interest and analytical appeal to researchers in the field of foreign policy and international relations. As the main heir to the Soviet Union, the Russian Federation still retains many of its hardware components in a variety of forms. However, since 2000, when Putin and his entourage came to power, with the backing of his own powers (political, security, military and economic), Russia's recovery at the regional and global levels, as well as the process of Eurasianism and Neo-Eurasianism on the agenda. Russian Foreign policy was pursued, and on this basis a policy of regional balancing and appropriate countermeasures were taken against the ambitious and interventionist plans of the United States. Accordingly, the question of this research is how Russia has behaved in its foreign policy in the post-2000 period in order to achieve national goals and interests, and what are the salient features of its behavioral pattern?In this study, using the theory of neoclassical realism, the internal factors, variables of intellectual and cultural and Russian political currents, as well as the most important regional and trans-regional variables affecting the process and behavior of Russian foreign policy are examined. The findings and data used are collected on the basis of descriptive-analytical methods and on the basis of library and Internet studies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
150 - Investigating the effects of monetary policy on financial stability in 9 emerging economies of Asia
Alla Asgharzadeh Farhad Rahbar Mir-Hossein MousaviIn recent decades, the emergence and spread of financial crises on the economies of many countries has shown its direct and indirect effects. Therefore, in order to deal with this crisis, it is necessary to adopt a systematic policy in all countries that have been direc MoreIn recent decades, the emergence and spread of financial crises on the economies of many countries has shown its direct and indirect effects. Therefore, in order to deal with this crisis, it is necessary to adopt a systematic policy in all countries that have been directly or indirectly affected. Although these countries need to make financial adjustments to overcome the crisis, the severity of these adjustments depends on the specific economic conditions of the countries. In monetary policy, the central bank and financial systems play an important role in economic development. One example is the allocation of resources over time between different investments. The correct view of the financial system allows the economy to achieve a high level of growth, provided that other macroeconomic conditions are stable. This study, in the form of method innovation, has proposed an alternative method for measuring financial instability, which is based on factor analysis of various indicators.Accordingly,using statistical methods and econometric models, including the "dynamic panel model", the relationship between monetary policy and the index of financial instability in some emerging Asian countries during the period 2018-2007 has been evaluated. The results of this evaluation and pattern fit show a negative relationship between central bank monetary policy and financial instability. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
151 - The Impact of the Ukraine Crisis on Nuclear Negotiations: Perspectives and Perspectives
Jahanbakhsh Moradi Mehrbod Moradi Hossein Karimifard majid rouhiAfter Russia's military invasion of Ukraine and the deepening of the gap between Russia and the Western world, many concerns arose about the consequences and impact of these developments on the process of Iran's nuclear negotiations. And the tension that has arisen amon MoreAfter Russia's military invasion of Ukraine and the deepening of the gap between Russia and the Western world, many concerns arose about the consequences and impact of these developments on the process of Iran's nuclear negotiations. And the tension that has arisen among the countries involved in Iran's nuclear case, what path will Iran's nuclear negotiations take? In this regard, 5 views have been formed among analysts, which show a spectrum from the ineffectiveness of the Ukraine crisis on Iran's nuclear negotiations to its maximum effectiveness. Based on this, the main question here is what effect does the Ukraine crisis have on the nuclear negotiations of the Islamic Republic of Iran? This article has been written with a descriptive and analytical approach and tries to investigate this issue and by considering the available evidence and by adhering to the theory of chaos and the butterfly effect, the result obtained is that despite the existence of different views and perspectives. and sometimes contradictory; The crisis in Ukraine has affected Iran's nuclear negotiations, and this effect has led to the pursuit of de-escalation policies by the majority of countries involved in this issue. Therefore, the Islamic Republic of Iran can continue its strengthening process in the region by taking advantage of this policy and complete the nuclear negotiations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
152 - National Identity and the Right of Citizens in Iran: Bilateral and Multilateral Dialogue of Nation-State
سیدحسین سیف زاده احد نوری اصلAlong the line of changes in the internal order and the globalized environment, the need for conceptual framework for understanding pluralistic identity of Iranian society is felt. In spite of this civic need, neither the past order due to the ethnic integration could h MoreAlong the line of changes in the internal order and the globalized environment, the need for conceptual framework for understanding pluralistic identity of Iranian society is felt. In spite of this civic need, neither the past order due to the ethnic integration could have preserved the Iranian identity prior to the modernity nor is the attempt for replacing the national identity with other identity could be internalized. In this article, the capability of the model” identity discourse’ in materialization of ideals in constitutions and the realization of the rights of citizens is examined. So, the hypothesis presented is that with the model of “identity discourse” the harmony of Iranian national identity in a changing environment of the new order could be preserved. Social harmony is obtained on the base of the role played by the institutions of nation-state. However, in spite of modernity outlook, the identity of other layers of society is not going to be seriously threatened or ruined. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
153 - Providing Organizational Leadership Model in Response to Issues and Crises of Iran Social Security Organization
Gholam Hosein Agahi Ali Jafari Ashab Habibzadeh Mohammad Rahimi -
Open Access Article
154 - The Relationship between Avoidance and Social Pressure and Prosocial Personality with Identity Crisis in Youth
Sahar Mahdavi Jamal Sadeghi -
Open Access Article
155 - The Impact of Youth Identity Crisis on National Security of the Islamic Republic of Iran
Yousef Khan Mohammadi Masoud Kaveh -
Open Access Article
156 - َSociological Study of Effective Factors on Forming Iranian Cohesive Identity(A Case study of Bukan’s Youth)
Qafor Shaykhi Adel Abdollahi -
Open Access Article
157 - Evaluation of the institutional dimension of urban resilience in dealing with earthquakes (case example of Bandar Abbas city)
MOHAMMAD REZA JABERINASAB Akbar AbdollahzadehTaraf Arash Saghafi Hasan SattariNatural disasters such as floods, earthquakes, and tornadoes have always existed and will continue to exist throughout the life of the planet, but the noteworthy point is that the effects of these natural disasters do not disappear completely and their effects can only MoreNatural disasters such as floods, earthquakes, and tornadoes have always existed and will continue to exist throughout the life of the planet, but the noteworthy point is that the effects of these natural disasters do not disappear completely and their effects can only be balanced. Urban tissues and man-made elements of urban spaces are worn out and destroyed over time, and for this reason, keeping urban bodies stable requires interventions to improve and improve the existing situation, and this shows the necessity of physical interventions in the tissue. Uneven urban spaces are a reflection of the social and economic inequalities of their residents, although natural disasters and events threaten most cities, but the poor who live in informal settlements and dilapidated structures face greater human and financial losses when natural disasters occur. be. The main goal of this research is to evaluate the institutional dimension of urban resilience in dealing with earthquakes, focusing on the city of Bandar Abbas. The present research method was a descriptive-analytical method. The statistical population included all the expert employees of the Crisis Management Organization of Bandar Abbas Governorate and other agents of the Crisis Headquarters, which was determined by using the Cochran sample size formula to determine the number of 35 people as the sample size. The research tool was a researcher-made questionnaire based on the theoretical framework of the research. The reliability of the tool was confirmed using Cronbach's alpha test above 0.65. According to the research results, the level of institutional resilience has not been at an acceptable level.Natural hazards have been with humans since the beginning of time, and humans have always sought a way to deal with them. Disasters are events that occur unexpectedly and sometimes inevitably, and due to the spread over material and human resources and interruption of the natural process of life, they are beyond the capacity of societies to adapt. The effects and consequences of a natural disaster, regardless of its type, can remain for a long time after the incident (Fali, 2014). On the other hand, population growth, increase in urban population and population density in a specific area have doubled the risk of these accidents. The lack of preparation for such incidents increases the losses and sometimes causes huge disasters (Noorian and Esfandi, 2014: 56). At the beginning of the 20th century, crisis management initially only had the ability to respond and react immediately after the incident and the occurrence of the crisis (Davis, 2011). After the inefficiency of this system showed itself in many situations, the attention of urban planners and managers was drawn to its resilience and increase (Coppola, 2007). Resilience has been discussed since the 1970s, which was first about ecological systems in the sense that resilience determines the continuity of relationships and links within a system and is a measure of the system's ability to absorb changes in parameters and stable variables. And moving and maintaining survival. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
158 - Assessment of Healthy City Components in the Face of Pandemic Diseases Case Study: A Comparative Analysis of the Five Areas of Urmia City
Meysam Saket Hasanlouei Shahin Agabgloo Atefe Ghanbari Ali RezaeiExtended AbstractIntroduction The emergence and spread of pandemic diseases on a global scale and in the field of health and hygiene has challenged order, balance, adaptability, coordination, flexibility and resilience in various managerial, economic, social, cultural a MoreExtended AbstractIntroduction The emergence and spread of pandemic diseases on a global scale and in the field of health and hygiene has challenged order, balance, adaptability, coordination, flexibility and resilience in various managerial, economic, social, cultural and behavioral dimensions. And it has plunged the cities and countries of the world into crisis. In the current research, five areas of Urmia city have been selected as a study case. The present research tries to compare the status of the components of a healthy city in the face of pandemic diseases by explaining the principles, concepts and perspectives of a healthy city and evaluating the strengths and weaknesses of urban spaces and the facilities and facilities available in it (with emphasis on Covid-19) in each of the five areas of Urmia city. Therefore, it seeks to answer the following questions.- Which of the proposed components of the healthy city concept is more important and prioritized in terms of quality?- Which of the study areas of the current research is in a favorable situation in terms of the realization of the components of a healthy city and the level of sustainability and desirability in dealing with pandemic diseases?MethodologyThe statistical population and sample size of the research is based on two groups of experts and urban managers and citizens living in the city, which collected the required data by using the questionnaire tool. The resulting data have been implemented for analysis in the quantitative methods and tests of Swara and Cocoso, in order to determine the importance and priority of each of the proposed components and the ranking of research study options.Results and Discussion The findings indicate that the performance components of the institutions and subordinate bodies in the field of health and health and the degree of desirability of job security of the residents have gained the highest and lowest levels of importance and value, respectively. Also, five regions and two cities of Urmia are located in the most favorable and unfavorable environmental conditions, respectively, in relation to the quality levels of the components of the concept of a healthy city.ConclusionIn this section, based on the findings, some targeted and effective proposals and policies are presented.- Emphasis on holding sports and mass gatherings in green and open public spaces- Improving the quality levels of domestic sewage and surface water disposal- Emphasis on planning based on pedestrians- Emphasis on establishing equality and creating justice and balance between settlements- Emphasizing and paying attention to strengthening cooperation and coordination between organizations- Improving the efficiency of the waste collection system- Adopting policies and measures in order to improve the social security situation in the unusual neighborhoods of Region Two by creating coherent changes and developments in different social and physical dimensions.- Emphasis on improving the quality of drinking water- Planning, creating and developing recreational and sports functions- Improving the efficiency of the public transportation system- and - and emphasizing on the safety and legal construction of buildings in order to increase the level of safety against various natural and man-made disasters, as well as improving the environmental condition of the city and urban landscape (visual quality of the city) Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
159 - Seismic Risk Analysis with a Probabilistic Approach Using the CRISIS Model for Zarinshahr City
amin eidivandi Ghasem Khosravi Abdollah Vaez ShooshtariEarthquake as one of the most significant environmental hazards of the earth, threatens most regions of Iran. in recent years the importance of earthquake hazards in the country has increased due to the rapid expansion of cities and the population and capital concentrat MoreEarthquake as one of the most significant environmental hazards of the earth, threatens most regions of Iran. in recent years the importance of earthquake hazards in the country has increased due to the rapid expansion of cities and the population and capital concentration. Zarin Shahr City as the center of Lenjan city in Isfahan province has a high risk of seismic hazard, in terms of population, socioeconomic infrastructure, and on the other hand, due to the presence of several active faults in and around of it. Accordingly, studies on seismic risk analysis of this city and recognizing high risk areas are one of the requirements of urban management. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to use a probabilistic method for analyzing and zoning the earthquake hazard in Zarrin Shahr city by using the Crisis model. The research method was descriptive-analytical and it has been analyzed by using library studies (documents, geological and topographic maps, digital elevation model, seismic data catalog, genealogy images). The results of this study show that more than 17,000 hectares of urban land are in high-risk areas and therefore, considering to the fifteen thousand of population which are inhabitants in this area, attention to the design and implementation of resistant structures to seismic hazard and also the strengthening of the worse parts will significantly help to reduce the possible damage which is caused by the earthquake. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
160 - Accounting spatial distribution (physical) temporary evacuation centers in disaster management (Case Study: District 7 of Tehran)
Ali Alavi Zeinab Shahrokhifar Alireza GaroosiOne of the most important issues in the field of urban planning and strategic issues in large cities, the issue of location, layout and spatial organization has temporary accommodation centers. The study accident-prone accept the reality of homelessness in Tehran and th MoreOne of the most important issues in the field of urban planning and strategic issues in large cities, the issue of location, layout and spatial organization has temporary accommodation centers. The study accident-prone accept the reality of homelessness in Tehran and the possibility of a large number of citizens, scientific search for the selection of suitable areas for temporary deployment of damage taken before the accident took place. Therefore, effective measures for the identification and selection is sent. This research is descriptive and analytical. And using a combination of techniques, geographical information systems (GIS) survey and multi criteria evaluation (MCE) and the hierarchical model (AHP), analysis and spatial analysis of various factors affecting the optimal deployment of temporary accommodation centers in the study area for is.very good show. So that areas with a darker color and more capable to accept the establishment of temporary settlement sites are significant. And areas with lighter colors because of the lack of appropriate criteria for the establishment of these places are not suitable for the establishment of temporary accommodation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
161 - Application of fuzzy Gamma operator optimization temporary accommodation in GIS (Case Study of four Ahwaz)
Saaeid maleki Mahnaz Hosseini esmail solaimaniOne of the main issues considered by organizations in crisis management is responsible for selection of suitable sites for temporary accommodation of the population is affected by the accident. So this place as a safe place for community living conditions for people aff MoreOne of the main issues considered by organizations in crisis management is responsible for selection of suitable sites for temporary accommodation of the population is affected by the accident. So this place as a safe place for community living conditions for people affected must have a different aspect of infrastructural, cultural, social, security, and law enforcement to the National Disaster Management program, could then reconstruction of affected areas , that location to easily exhaust, or used for other materials. The dominant approach in this research is descriptive - analytic and what it can be applied. So, for weighting and weighted analysis of experts and scholars and professionals are experts in the field. The method used to analyze the data, was also of gamma phase. With regard to the use of human and natural factors used in this study. To achieve optimal model to determine the necessary accommodation of 12 land use With regard to the the land use map Ahvaz has been utilized to analyze the optimal deployment location Its purpose is to analyze the subject in the form of gamma operator with a threshold of 0.7, 0.8 and 0.9 for the final analysis was used to compare results For the final analysis with respect to these indices, the city and the justification of their actual output was detected Gamma fuzzy operator 0/7 threshold has been better than the other threshold of the optimal analysis. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
162 - The evaluation of urban resilience components (Case Study: Kermanshah Metropolis)
Mohammad Rauf Heidarifar Mahnaz Siahgoli ismail soleimaniradToday achievement to the conditions, being adaptable to getting pre-crisis situation quickly after the crisis, is very important for the societies. Hence, resilience is preferred rather than vulnerability recently. Since, strategically border region, Kermanshah requires MoreToday achievement to the conditions, being adaptable to getting pre-crisis situation quickly after the crisis, is very important for the societies. Hence, resilience is preferred rather than vulnerability recently. Since, strategically border region, Kermanshah requires more consideration in the urban resilience. Hence, Present study considers the components of the urban resilience in Kermanshah. Using the “Documentary-Survey” method, significant and effective components have evaluated and investigated. Viewpoints of 42 experts of this field have been used for collecting the research data. The statistical one sample-T test and the Friedman test have been used for the data analytics. Results show that Physical-managerial factor based on the experts' opinion has a maximum effect on the urban resilience, as it has the lowest amount of the difference from the mean value. The Wilcoxon test has been used to examine the areas and the results have been analyzed as maps in the GIS. In the end, we have made some suggestions that require the attention of managers and urban planners to make it possible to organize the challenges of the urban resilience of the metropolis of Kermanshah. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
163 - Urban Paneling based on the Level of Vulnerability Against Natural Disasters (Crisis Management): A Case Study on Nasimshahr
Mohammad Reza Zand MoghadamHigh construction and demographic congestions, low quality of buildings in the body of communication networks and high degree of surrounding and so on lead to loss of sustainability of living environments and an increase in the number of human waste and financial damage MoreHigh construction and demographic congestions, low quality of buildings in the body of communication networks and high degree of surrounding and so on lead to loss of sustainability of living environments and an increase in the number of human waste and financial damages in cases of crisis, especially earthquakes. This thesis is basically aimed at identifying the vulnerable places toward natural disasters as well as safe places at the time of occurrence of crisis for temporary residence and analyzing the role of effective factors in vulnerability of urban zones against earthquake.In this study, 7 indices, namely access to healthcare centers, degree of surrounding, construction congestion, demographic congestion, land usage, building longevity and building quality have been adopted, and vulnerability of the zones against earthquake was examined by means of GIS. Results suggest that old textures of Nasimshahr and body of the passages with high construction and demographic congestions, building low quality, too much distance from relief centers vis-à-vis other bodies and high degree of surrounding are highly vulnerable and will therefore have worse condition in crises. Among the zones, initial core of formation of Nasimshahr is the worst in terms of vulnerability and should be prioritized for crisis management in planning.Thus, 70% of residential textures of Nasimshahr are severely vulnerable; almost 20% of them lies within vulnerable limit, and only 10% lies within the less vulnerable limit. Therefore, the research hypothesis concerning vulnerability of the residential textures and variation of the regional vulnerability due to such characteristics as passage width,congestion,material applied in the buildings,against natural disasters is verified. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
164 - Earthquake vulnerability Zonation in Ilam city
Syed Jahangir Musavi Nasab Abbas malekhoseini Majid Shamsthe current research with a descriptive-analytical approach is aimed at zoning the vulnerability of Ilam city against earthquakes.In this research, at first, the variables affecting the zoning of earthquake vulnerability were identified based on various studies, then us Morethe current research with a descriptive-analytical approach is aimed at zoning the vulnerability of Ilam city against earthquakes.In this research, at first, the variables affecting the zoning of earthquake vulnerability were identified based on various studies, then using the AHP method and the opinions of 73 experts and weight experts related to each of the variables in the Export Choice environment, and finally, using the FAHP method and in the GIS environment, a map related to the zoning of Ilam city's vulnerability to earthquake risk was drawn. Based on this, at first 10 variables: slope of land, distance from fault, number of building floors, age of building, quality of building, area of parts, durability of construction materials, distance from roads, distance from medical centers and distance from green and open space were identified as influencing variables, based on the AHP method; 3 variables, the distance from the fault, the slope of the area and the distance from the roads were identified as the most important and effective variables with weights of 0.184, 0.147 and 0.121 respectively. Also, the results related to the zoning status of the vulnerability of Ilam city against earthquakes indicate that more than 600 hectares of the area of Ilam city are in a high and very high vulnerability state in the event of an earthquake. Also, 580 hectares of Ilam city are in a low and very low vulnerability state. Finally, 299 hectares of Ilam city is in a medium vulnerability state Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
165 - Designation of decision support systems for crisis management (Case study: Tehran water crisis management with use “Vensim” software)
marzieh mogholi Amirhooshang Khadem Daghigh Hasan Hoseini AminiAt the future, certainly one of important problem in geopolitics aboutTerritorial planning Of country is water geography. Water waste has two parts: an actual part and a false part.The actual part includes waste of water from joints, transmission lines, and supply lines MoreAt the future, certainly one of important problem in geopolitics aboutTerritorial planning Of country is water geography. Water waste has two parts: an actual part and a false part.The actual part includes waste of water from joints, transmission lines, and supply lines.The false part includes calculating process and unfair usage. For optimum management of water resources, and to decrease water waste, using of decision support systems &softwarecan considerable help in studying and recognition of supply & demand of drinking water about decrease appearance losses for control and management of water crisis. Problem in this research, knowledge about decision support systems & designation of crisis management that etude “Vensim” software for Tehran water crisis that resulted of analysis chart, define without accommodating plan, after 2020, accidence calamitous & critical water crisis. Finally, it should be mentioned that to have a proper management of drinking water in Tehran city, the monitoring of water waste and its control, also having a consumption criteria accepted and followed by the people are really necessary. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
166 - Evaluation of Ahar city's physical vulnerability against earthquake crisis
هوشنگ سرور امیر کاشانی اصلAlong with explosive growth of cities and complication of inner-city processes, the number of crisis and urban complication increases and as a consequence vulnerability increases too. Considering that the man is in the center of the vulnerability and encounter with cris MoreAlong with explosive growth of cities and complication of inner-city processes, the number of crisis and urban complication increases and as a consequence vulnerability increases too. Considering that the man is in the center of the vulnerability and encounter with crisis, and also urban spaces contain most of the population, noticing these spaces is of urgent importance. In this respect, making policies to reduce vulnerability of urban spaces against natural disasters, considering their accidental nature and the necessity of adopting right decisions and development of human knowledge and technology, analysis of vulnerable areas in cities are essential to present a vivid picture of consequences of disasters. The analysis and planning is the most effective and perhaps the best choice of management and urban planners to counter natural disasters, especially earthquakes. Thus, considering vulnerability of Ahar city because of its geographical position, the aim of the present study is to investigate and evaluate vulnerability of Ahar urban spaces in facing earthquake crisis. The study is applied and descriptive-analytic method was used. To measure the vulnerability of urban spaces against earthquake, 15 scales were used in three constructive, planning, and natural types. Having measured scale’s weight using multivariate analysis, the study tried to use AHP model . The results of the study showed that 30% of urban spaces made in Ahar city to counter earthquake, are increasingly vulnerable to it and they lack structural framework to manage earthquake crisis Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
167 - An Assessment of Vulnerability and Resilience of Urban Land Use in Crisis and Emergency Evacuation (A Case Study of Secondary Education District of Isfahan)
Masoud Taghvaei Ali Jovzi KhamesloueiAssessment of resilience rate in urban land uses and survey of their vulnerability situation in probable disasters is very prominent and has a special necessity in urban crisis management plans. Moreover, among urban land uses, educational land use has a singular signif MoreAssessment of resilience rate in urban land uses and survey of their vulnerability situation in probable disasters is very prominent and has a special necessity in urban crisis management plans. Moreover, among urban land uses, educational land use has a singular significance because of the concentration of potential human resources in the future and the priority of rescue. The aim of this study is an assessment of the vulnerability rate in probable crises and also the availability of main management indicators in crisis planning and emergency evacuation of the population in the second education district of Isfahan. The case of this study is all schools in the secondary education district of Isfahan which is located in the third and fourth urban districts. The 142 participants of the study were selected from among the primary, secondary, high school, technical, and centers of special needs. The research method in this study is applied and descriptive. The schools in the study area have been evaluated and reviewed using two special indicator groups: basic and management indicators. The indicators are combined and new and are the latest ones in applied methods used by researchers and research institutes in the field of crisis management. The results show that schools in the secondary education district of Isfahan are weak in terms of fundamental structures and their resilience in probable crises such as earthquakes. On the other hand, the crisis management situation in these schools is undesirable based on their advantages. Therefore, these schools are extremely weak in crisis management and evacuation. In general, the situation of the schools studied in probable events is considered unsuitable, vulnerable, and critical, taking into account integrated indicators and requires strengthening of infrastructure and management approaches. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
168 - Identifying the Components Affecting the Increase of Urban Economic and Social Resilience while Facing with Earthquake Crisis (A Case Study of Boroujerd)
ali amiri hosein zareei mandana masoudy rad hosein hataminejadResilience is one of the most effective ways in achieving sustainability at the time of earthquakes. So it can be used as a way to strengthen the communities. This study aims to identify the effective dimensions in increasing urban resilience while confronting with eart MoreResilience is one of the most effective ways in achieving sustainability at the time of earthquakes. So it can be used as a way to strengthen the communities. This study aims to identify the effective dimensions in increasing urban resilience while confronting with earthquake crisis in Boroujerd. The research method is descriptive-analytical. We used a questionnaire to obtain the necessary data. The sample size was 330 based on Cochran's formula. We analyzed the data by a single-sample T-test, multiple regression analysis models, and an independent t-test. The findings show that among the sub-indices related to the dimensions of social resilience, the sub-index of access to welfare facilities has the lowest average (3.02) and the social capital sub-index has the highest average (3.49). Also, among the sub-indices related to economic resilience, the sub-indicator of the ability to compensate for damage has the lowest average of 2.83 and the ability to return to suitable conditions has the highest average (3.97). The results of the regression analysis are also significant due to the high level of F (91.03) and the significance level below 0.05%. Also, the T results of two independent samples for comparing the opinions of experts and people about the dimensions of social resilience indicate that there is no difference between the opinions of these two groups. However, regarding some economic sub-variables (the amount or severity of damage, the ability to compensate) and the general component of the economic resilience dimension, the opinions of experts and people are different. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
169 - Evaluation of urban crisis management (Case study: Sarpol-e-Zahab earthquake in 2016)
payman karimi Abbas MalekHoseiniEarthquake is always one of the most important Hazardsin the country, which imposes a lot of human and financial losses annually. The results showed that the most important strengths of crisis management include the assistance of non-governmental organizations with a we MoreEarthquake is always one of the most important Hazardsin the country, which imposes a lot of human and financial losses annually. The results showed that the most important strengths of crisis management include the assistance of non-governmental organizations with a weight of 0.883 and the participation of citizens with problems weighing 0.846. Also, the most important weaknesses were the lack of integrated urban management with a weight of 0.929, the lack of sufficient operational force to respond to the earthquake with a weight of 0.923 and the low awareness and knowledge of the people in the face of crisis with a weight of 0.901. At the level of opportunities, the allocation of financial resources to worn-out fabric with a weight of 0.883 and continuous monitoring of the full implementation of the building regulations with a weight of 0.863 and in the field of threats, the reduction of the motivation and interest of volunteer and public forces with a weight of 0.899, and The prevalence and increase of urban crimes with a weight of 0.853 have been ranked first and second. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
170 - A case study about social crises of Mozafari 's era described in Merat Al-vagaea Mozafari
Shahla mansori Soheila torabi farsani feisollah boushasb gosheAbstractThe crise that shook the country from the Nazarite era ,due to the lack ofattention to reforms and modernization in the structure of government,increased in the period of hardship and made the government messy. Thefinancial system of the state collapsed and the MoreAbstractThe crise that shook the country from the Nazarite era ,due to the lack ofattention to reforms and modernization in the structure of government,increased in the period of hardship and made the government messy. Thefinancial system of the state collapsed and the economic pressure on thepeople doubled ,causing insurrection and social crises throughout the state.Malek Al-Mukherin,one of the official historians of Mozafari 's court in MeratAl-Dawkh, has well described all the riots and crises.This article tries to use the descriptive –analytical method to examine the kindof official historian's look at people's protests and revolts and the level ofattention and attention to people and their problems. He is trying to answerthe following question: What was the kind of view of Abdul Hussein KhanSehpehr as official historian for the riots and social protests? Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
171 - Identification of Contagion Path of currency Crises in Industries of Tehran Stock Exchange
Maryam Bazrayi Saleh Ghavidel Ghodratollah EmamverdiThis study aims to detect path of currency crisis in different listed industries, in order to manage risk of shareholders in stock market. For this purpose, joint Contagion Test, Joint Coskewness Contagion Test and the Ornstein – Uhlenbeck Process are used. The da MoreThis study aims to detect path of currency crisis in different listed industries, in order to manage risk of shareholders in stock market. For this purpose, joint Contagion Test, Joint Coskewness Contagion Test and the Ornstein – Uhlenbeck Process are used. The data used in this study include: stock return of the listed industries and daily exchange rate during 2008 to 2020. The results suggest that currency crises of 2011 and 2018 have transmitted to all export- oriented import- oriented and neutral industries (except mass construction). Moreover, the findings support the fact that starting point of crisis contagion in both currency crises is pharmaceutical industry that attracted currency crises due to its strong correlation with exchange market. The next point of contagion in the first currency crisis is investment industry, and in the second currency crisis, basic metals and oil products. It is suggested that when currency crisis occurred, investors increase weight of basic metals stocks and decrease share of pharmaceutical and computers in their portfolio. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
172 - Identification and Prediction of Banking Crisis in Iran
Z. Zarei A. KomijaniAbstract This study uses the early warning system approach to predict banking crisis in Iran during 1990Q1– 2013Q4. To achieve the goal, Money Market Pressure index approach will be used by Markov Switching Model. The results indicate that, although, based on gov MoreAbstract This study uses the early warning system approach to predict banking crisis in Iran during 1990Q1– 2013Q4. To achieve the goal, Money Market Pressure index approach will be used by Markov Switching Model. The results indicate that, although, based on governmental supporting, the banking section in Iran has never encountered the phenomena such as bank run and bankruptcy, but it has also experienced banking crisis. Likewise, the assessment of probit model suggests that some indexes are leading banking crisis probability. These indicators include the variables of real exchange rate growth, the growth rate of credit endowed to private sector, real GDP, housing price, and real interest rate. Furthermore, the measures of expectation-prediction represent that the model developed has considerable potential to predict in sample banking crisis. Also, this model is unsuccessful in the prediction of the crisis in only 12 percent, but capable of predicting crisis in 77 percent of cases, where the crisis has occurred with probability of more than 40 percent. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
173 - Effect of Shock Factors Affecting Financial Crises in Iran's Economy: Autoregressive Vector Models Variable-Time Parameters
ozra bayani teimur mohammadi javid bahrami Hossein TavakolianThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of shocks on factors affecting financial crises in Iran's economy. In this study 62 explanatory variables were introduced into the model between 1370: 1 and 1395: 4 and, using the Bayesian averaging model approach MoreThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of shocks on factors affecting financial crises in Iran's economy. In this study 62 explanatory variables were introduced into the model between 1370: 1 and 1395: 4 and, using the Bayesian averaging model approach, 12 non-critical variables that were effective on the financial crisis were identified. According to the results of the results, it can be stated that the financial crisis index in Iran's economy is a multi-dimensional problem, as variables related to fiscal policy; monetary policy and foreign exchange policy affect this index. Based on the results of the Autoregressive Vector Models Variable-Time Parameters, it was also observed that the effect of selected variables on financial crises in Iran over the course of time has had different effects and in recent years the intensity of the effect of selected variables has been strengthened. One of the fundamental solutions is that policies that reduce inflation uncertainty, such as the fiscal and monetary discipline of the government and the central bank, reduce crisis expectations by stabilizing the currency and currency markets can reduce crisis uncertainty. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
174 - Investigating the relationship between physical activity and psychological well-being of women in the post-coronary period (Case study: Golestan province)
MAHBOUBEH NaghaviThe aim of this study was to investigate the role of physical activity on the psychological well-being of women in Golestan province in the post-corona period. The research was descriptive-correlational according to the data collection method. The statistical population MoreThe aim of this study was to investigate the role of physical activity on the psychological well-being of women in Golestan province in the post-corona period. The research was descriptive-correlational according to the data collection method. The statistical population of the study is all women over 18 years of age in Golestan province. 384 people were selected based on Morgan and Adonsky table by stratified random sampling method. The research tool, in terms of physical activity evaluation, is the Physical Activity Questionnaire taken from Chou (2014) studies. The face and content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed, the reliability of the questionnaire was calculated through Cronbach's alpha coefficient and (α = 0.803) was reported. Psychological well-being was measured using a 18-item Reef psychological well-being questionnaire. In order to analyze the data, Spss 20 software was used. The results showed; The activity level of 57% of adult women in Golestan province is low. There is also a positive and significant relationship between the level of physical activity and psychological well-being (P = 0.643). According to the results, physical activity in the post-coronary period can help reduce the negative psychological effects associated with social distancing and adherence to quarantine during the coronation period. Also recommended; Organizations active in the field of public sports in Golestan province should design and implement a comprehensive program with the aim of developing independent mobility and increasing the level of physical activity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
175 - The Role of National Media in Crisis Management and Maintaining Peace of the Citizens (Case Study: Citizens of District 22 of Tehran)
Fatemeh Hashemnejad Mohammad Sadegh BidakiThe purpose of this study was to investigate the role of the national media in managing the crisis and maintaining the peace of the citizens in the district 22 of Tehran. In this study, a descriptive survey method was used. The statistical population consisted of the ci MoreThe purpose of this study was to investigate the role of the national media in managing the crisis and maintaining the peace of the citizens in the district 22 of Tehran. In this study, a descriptive survey method was used. The statistical population consisted of the citizens of Tehran in the district 22 in 2017 that was 129 thousand people. Based on the available sampling method, 384 people were selected as sample using the Cochran sampling formula. The data gathering tool was a questionnaire in this research. The questionnaire used was regulated by combining models on the role of national media in crisis management and maintaining peace between citizens. Reliability of the questionnaires was measured and confirmed by Cronbach's alpha test. The data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical methods including Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and binomial test using SPSS software.The research results showed that national media included cultural-social conferences, films and television series, children's and adolescents' programs, television animations, news and training programs, has role on crisis management and maintaining the peace of the citizens. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
176 - Structured Analysis of E-Learning Culture in Educational Systems: An Approach to the Covid Crisis 19 (Review)
maryam taghvaeeyazdiAlong with the rapid changes in techniques and skills and the emergence of new phenomena of information technology and their impact on lifestyles, the educational process has also changed. The globalization and advancement of information and communication technology, al MoreAlong with the rapid changes in techniques and skills and the emergence of new phenomena of information technology and their impact on lifestyles, the educational process has also changed. The globalization and advancement of information and communication technology, along with the increasing diversity of student characteristics and cultural diversity of users, has challenged educational institutions. E-learning culture refers to the use of new information and communication technologies in the organization, which in the form of a set of values, systems and organizational habits of the entire organization and individuals to continuously improve the rate. Supports and encourages knowledge, competence and performance. Success in e-learning requires a change in learners' perceptions and behaviors to change the development of the curriculum. The role of educational-cultural factors in designing and creating a learning environment, especially e-learning, should be considered; Accordingly, and considering the changes in educational systems in the 21st century and the emergence of crises affecting educational systems, including the crisis of Covid 19 disease, which has made e-learning an indispensable requirement in the educational system. This study was conducted to structurally analyze the culture of e-learning in educational systems with an approach to the Covid 19 crisis. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
177 - Ethnic and Religious Differences and its Impact on the Formation and Growth of Radicalism in Syria
Yadollah Dehghan Mahmood Ketabi Masoud JaafarinejadAbstract: The Syria crisis is passing through its sixth year and during these years several theories have been given to explain the causes of this crisis. One of these theories considers the existence of wide and extensive ethnic and religious differences and conflicts MoreAbstract: The Syria crisis is passing through its sixth year and during these years several theories have been given to explain the causes of this crisis. One of these theories considers the existence of wide and extensive ethnic and religious differences and conflicts which shows itself in intergroup (Shiite-Sunni) and outer group (Kurdish-Arabic) differences. The present paper wants to examine how the existence of ethnic and religious differences has led to the growth of radicalism in Syria? The underlying hypothesis is that the existence of extensive ethnic and religious differences in Syria and the inability of the government to manage them have led to an increase in the level of conflict and social discontent. These differences and conflicts have become sharper and deeper after Syria got its independence from France (1946) and then the rise of Baath Party (1963) and subsequently the domination of Alawites on the Syrian government (1970). Eventually these ethnic and religious differences led to hostility and formation of radical groups against the government in Syria. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
178 - Crisis of Decision Making in North Korea Nuclear Crisis
Saeed EslameeAbstract The aim of the present article is to examine the strategies and decisions taken by the United States and North Korea and their outcome during North Korea nuclear crisis. In this direction the article has made use of John Bram’s Theory of Moves. From 1993 MoreAbstract The aim of the present article is to examine the strategies and decisions taken by the United States and North Korea and their outcome during North Korea nuclear crisis. In this direction the article has made use of John Bram’s Theory of Moves. From 1993 when the issue of North Korea nuclear program was considered as a crisis for world community, strategies and counter strategies were made by the United States and North Korea. These moves eventually led to production of nuclear weapon and nuclear tests by North Korea in the years of 2006 and 2009. Consequently the United States cut its economic aid to North Korea and imposed extensive economic sanctions against North Korea within the framework of the security council of the United Nations. From the viewpoint of the article each decision (move) taken by each side was for maximizing of interests and minimizing the threat. Of course these decisions had a close relation with the decision taken by the opposite party. Therefore, the strategies of the two countries were fluctuating within the framework of compromise or hardline position. The finding of the study shows that initially the aim of North Korea by producing nuclear weapon was not deterrence but, taking some concessions (security guarantees, fuel, and food) but taking into consideration what North Korea was considering as the United States obstructionism, led to hard decision of making nuclear weapon. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
179 - The Pattern of Great Powers' Behavior in Management of Syria International Crisis in a Uni-Multipolar System
محمد رضا دهشیری Moslem GolestanAbstract The study of the pattern of great powers' behavior in international crises management is worth attention for researchers specially when in the post-Cold War era the structure of international system has undergone change and has become complicated. In the prese MoreAbstract The study of the pattern of great powers' behavior in international crises management is worth attention for researchers specially when in the post-Cold War era the structure of international system has undergone change and has become complicated. In the present article the authors want to apply structural realism theory for analyzing the pattern of Syrian crises management by the great powers in the uni-multipolar system. According to structural realism, the change in the structure of international system from bipolar in the Cold War era to unipolar, and after that to uni-multipolar has led to the change of processes of international system and as a result of these changes (structure and process) of the pattern of great powers behavior and crisis management would be different. The main question of this article is that how the characteristic of the uni-multipolar system have affected the great power's behavior pattern in dealing with the management of the Syria's crisis? On this basis, the article by adopting explanatory-analytical approach and with the library based methodology wants to examine the hypothesis that the constraints of the uni-multipolar system has turned the great powers' pattern of behavior into asymmetrical balance of power in the sphere of international politics and specially in dealing with Syria's crisis management. The asymmetrical balance of power as a pattern of behavior makes use of different tools like institutional tool, coalition, aggression and sanction to manage the crises. The level of research analysis in the article according to structural realism theory is the third image or international system level. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
180 - The Role of Preventive Diplomacy in International Control of Arms and Promoting Peace
احسان یاریAbstract: While in the political and legal regimes and doctrines, there is much emphasis on international agreements and conventions for international arms control and promoting peace, yet since the beginning of the third millennium the role of preventive diplomacy has MoreAbstract: While in the political and legal regimes and doctrines, there is much emphasis on international agreements and conventions for international arms control and promoting peace, yet since the beginning of the third millennium the role of preventive diplomacy has become more important in this regard. The question raised by this paper is that" what are the achievements and role of preventive diplomacy in international arms control and what are the mechanism and solutions for promoting peace?" The underlying hypothesis is that the role of preventive diplomacy in international arms control can be evaluated in peace time, time of crisis and time of outbreak of armed conflicts. In peace time functions of preventive diplomacy are in the fields of confidence building, institution building and early warning, in the time of crisis, fact finding, crisis management and preventive deployment of force and in the time of armed conflicts, disarmament of both sides of conflicts and their destruction of weapons and economic recovery of the country or the region affected by war to prevent them reentering armed conflicts and increase use of weapons. The methodology used in this paper is descriptive-analytical and the necessary data have been collected on the basis of library sources. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
181 - The Geopolitics of Ukraine and its Role in the Competition of Russia and the United States of America
Asghar Safari Saeed VosoghiAbstract On 21st November 2013 the Ukrainian president Victor Yanukovych in a meeting in Lithuania cancelled the agreement on trade and cooperation with European Union and refused to sign it. This led to widespread protest in Ukraine and five people were killed in the MoreAbstract On 21st November 2013 the Ukrainian president Victor Yanukovych in a meeting in Lithuania cancelled the agreement on trade and cooperation with European Union and refused to sign it. This led to widespread protest in Ukraine and five people were killed in the ensuing unrest. After this incident Ukraine entered one of its most serious political turmoil after Orange revolution in 2004. As in similar crisis like Syrian crisis in 2011, Russia and the United States took side in favor of the government and protesters and this led to the confrontation of the two. The question raised here is what is the importance of Ukraine for Russia and the United States? The present article argues that the main root cause of confrontation of Russia and the United States in Ukraine is geopolitical importance of Ukraine and geopolitical competition of Russia and the United States in post-Cold War era. Ukraine is one of the most important strategic regions of Eurasia and Eastern Europe. The purpose of the present research is to examine the most important determinants affecting the attitude of Russia and West in Ukraine crisis. For analyzing the above issue, geopolitics theory has been used and the research methodology is descriptive-analytical. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
182 - Syrian Crisis and Iran's National Security
حسین ربیعی جعفر نقدی سجاد نجفیAbstract: The Syrian crisis is one of the most important event that has influenced Iran’s foreign policy and also national security in a way that the situation in Syria has become a zero sum game for Iran. Any development in the political structure of Syria can af MoreAbstract: The Syrian crisis is one of the most important event that has influenced Iran’s foreign policy and also national security in a way that the situation in Syria has become a zero sum game for Iran. Any development in the political structure of Syria can affect the security of Iran. For years Syria has been the gateway for Iran’s presence in the Arab world. The weakening and fall of the position of President Bashar Assad would undermine Iran’s influence in the Arab world. Taking into consideration the above situation, the present article pursues the following objectives: 1. Explaining the strategic importance of Syria for Iran, 2. Explaining the impact of Syrian crisis on national security of Iran in different areas, 3. Explaining Iran’s competition with regional and extra- regional powers in Syria, 4. Explaining the security strategy of Iran vis-à-vis the Syrian crisis. The paper also examines this hypothesis that the national security of Iran will decline with the continuation of Syrian crisis by the threats of regional and extra-regional powers. The paper makes use of the theory of balance of threat to evaluate the hypothesis which can explain the threats to Iran in Syria. The methodology used in the paper is historical, descriptive and analytical. The finding of the study shows that the continuation of Syrian crisis has led to change of balance of threat against Iran and that is why Iran intervened to balance the situation. Therefore Iran’s strategy for ending the crisis in Syria is full-fledged support for Bashar Assad’s regime. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
183 - The roots of the Iraq geopolitical crisis and the persistence of anti-geopolitical resistance
zohre heidari beni ezatollah ezati mohammadreza hafeznia haydar lotfiAfter founding of a new Iraq in the post-World War I age, geopolitical crises have been the main indicator of political dynamics in the country, which has been featured in the Kurdish anti-geopolitical process over the past decades. In this regard, the aim of this resea MoreAfter founding of a new Iraq in the post-World War I age, geopolitical crises have been the main indicator of political dynamics in the country, which has been featured in the Kurdish anti-geopolitical process over the past decades. In this regard, the aim of this research is answering this fundamental question that, what are the roots of geopolitical crises in Iraq and in particular, anti-geopolitical Kurds, and what factors have contributed to the continuation of this crisis? The findings of this study show that the geopolitics imposed by the great winners of the World War I, especially Britain, in shaping the post-World War I regional order, led to the formation and continuation of the geopolitical crisis in Iraq, and in particular the Kurdish anti-geopolitical resistance. On the other hand, the humanitarian intervention of the Security Council, and in particular the issuance of Security Council resolution 688, and ultimately the US invasion of Iraq in 2003, have led to the opening of the geopolitical blockade and the strengthening of the anti-geopolitical Kurdish resistance in Iraq. The research method is descriptive-analytic and the method of data collection is library and internet resources. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
184 - The effect of Western media propaganda on the national security of the Islamic Republic of Iran through identity crisis
masoud kaveh yusof khanmohammadiThe effect of Western media propaganda on the national security of the Islamic Republic of Iran through identity crisisIn this study, the impact of Western media propaganda on the national security of the Islamic Republic of Iran through identity crisis is investigated MoreThe effect of Western media propaganda on the national security of the Islamic Republic of Iran through identity crisisIn this study, the impact of Western media propaganda on the national security of the Islamic Republic of Iran through identity crisis is investigated and emphasis is placed on the temporal realm of 2009-2017.The research method was qualitative and the data collection method was library and data analysis was done by descriptive-analytic method.The main question of the research is how the impact of foreign media on Iran's national security during 2009-2017?To this question, the hypothesis was designed that the foreign media had exposed national security to targeting popular values and beliefs as the most important components of identity.The findings of the study suggest that the Western media is causing an identity crisis by instilling values contrary to Islamic and revolutionary values At the individual, social and power levels, it has threatened Iran's national security. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
185 - "The Yemeni crisis and the international responsibility of the United Nations"
elham karimi sohrab salahi Abomohammad AsgarkhaniThe purpose of this paper is to examine and assess the UN's international responsibility in the Yemeni crisis, which has been carried out through library methods. The main question of the article is how to explain the responsibility of the United Nations on the issue of MoreThe purpose of this paper is to examine and assess the UN's international responsibility in the Yemeni crisis, which has been carried out through library methods. The main question of the article is how to explain the responsibility of the United Nations on the issue of Yemen in accordance with the rules of international law and the regulations related to the international responsibility of international organizations? The findings show that in the Yemeni war, Saudi Arabia and its allies have committed war crimes, crimes against humanity and genocide. Crimes other than those of the United Nations. The United Nations Security Council has not taken the necessary steps to end the war and immediately stop the violence in Yemen, to act in support of the attackers on Yemen and violators of international law, and to impose comprehensive sanctions on Yemen. It has issued a resolution, which, due to the siege and widespread sanctions, has led to horrific international crimes as well as widespread famine. In addition to maintaining international peace and security, the United Nations has a responsibility to determine the fate of the nation in Yemen, given the sensitive situation in Yemen Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
186 - Analysis of the Corona crisis in the United States with emphasis on the crisis of legitimacy of the Donald Trump administration
sayed ghasem zamani Ali MohammaddoustThe main issue in this regard has been Trump's policies and approaches to the fight against and control of the coronavirus on the one hand, and the support of various sections and classes of the American society, including medical, economic, and so on. An issue that did MoreThe main issue in this regard has been Trump's policies and approaches to the fight against and control of the coronavirus on the one hand, and the support of various sections and classes of the American society, including medical, economic, and so on. An issue that did not materialize in practice and led to protests from a wide range of people, giving him a broad functional legitimacy for Trump and the neoconservative administration. In this article, the authors attempt to answer the question: what impact the Corona crisis has had on the functioning and legitimacy of the Trump administration, and what is the possible future for the US socio-political system? The authors' hypothesis in this article indicates the intensification of the Trump administration's crisis of legitimacy during the outbreak of the Coronavirus in this country, and the findings of the article show that the use of written descriptive and analytical methods, the use of written and library resources indicate the possible occurrence of three It will be a major consequence for Trump. First; Defeat in the upcoming US presidential election; Second, the deepening of bipolarity in the United States and, ultimately, the emergence of security crises in the United States Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
187 - Explaining the Impact of Neo-Ottomanism on Changing the Nature of Turkish-Saudi Relations from Cooperation to Conflict in the Syrian Crisis (2019-2011)
Mohsen Yousefi Rahmat Hajimineh mohammadreza dehshiriTurkey-Saudi Arabia relations between the AKP and the establishment of theAKPin2002,and the adoption of a new foreign policy known as"neo-Ottomanism",have always fluctuated between competition and cooperation.From the beginning of the party's effectiveness and the adopt MoreTurkey-Saudi Arabia relations between the AKP and the establishment of theAKPin2002,and the adoption of a new foreign policy known as"neo-Ottomanism",have always fluctuated between competition and cooperation.From the beginning of the party's effectiveness and the adoption of a new foreign policy by Ankara, and the beginning of the crisis in Syria,the nature of bilateral relations was cooperative,but as the crisis continued and intensified,Turkey preferred a direct military presence in Syria.The conflict changed and paved the way for a confrontation with Riyadh.TheTurkish military presence itself changed many of the equations in the region and the calculations of the countries,and Saudi Arabia also sought to reduce Iran's influence in the region and Syria.In this article,with an analytical-descriptive method, we seek to explain and answer the question of how neo-Ottomanism has changed the nature of relations between the two countries in the new foreign policy of Turkey and in relations with other countries,especially Saudi Arabia.In the Syrian crisis,the country has competed and fought in the form of cooperation.In answer to this question,we will use the hypothesis that neo-Ottomanism in the Syrian crisis,by creating a conflict of interests and goals,changed the nature of relations between Riyadh and Ankara from the form of cooperation to conflict. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
188 - The Study of expanding technological and knowledge-based activities on fortifying the national security of the Islamic Republic of Iran (with emphasising on water and agricultural inputs )
Ali Ansari mohammad ali basiri payam najafiThe issue of agriculture in Iran, especially in recent years, has been linked to the national security of the Islamic Republic of Iran under the influence of issues such as international sanctions, successive droughts, transgenics, mismanagement and the like.This study MoreThe issue of agriculture in Iran, especially in recent years, has been linked to the national security of the Islamic Republic of Iran under the influence of issues such as international sanctions, successive droughts, transgenics, mismanagement and the like.This study examines national security based on the theories of the Copenhagen School and the theory of resistance economics. The research method is a cross-sectional survey method with two purposes of description and explanation. The study population is the managers and experts of knowledge-based and technology companies in the field. The sample size was selected according to Cochran's formula of 384 people. The measurement tools in this research included a researcher-made questionnaire to measure the formation of research variables.The results of the hypotheses showed that eliminating the security consequences of the water crisis in Iran by relying on the expansion of technological and knowledge-based activities will improve the security of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Also, self-sufficiency in agriculture and increasing the coefficient of food security by relying on the expansion of technological and knowledge-based activities will improve the security of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
189 - Investigating Iran's foreign policy in the post-ISIS period
hamid shayanpour Hossein Masoudnia Nafiseh VaezDespite the unprecedented ups and downs experienced by Iran and Syria in recent years, the strategic relations between Iran and Syria are considered to be a perfect example of the most unbreakable bilateral relations in the security environment of West Asia, which in th MoreDespite the unprecedented ups and downs experienced by Iran and Syria in recent years, the strategic relations between Iran and Syria are considered to be a perfect example of the most unbreakable bilateral relations in the security environment of West Asia, which in the post-crisis environment requires more special role-playing, management and engineering than before in order to consolidate the achievements. . The current research aims to investigate and analyze the foreign policy of the Republic of Iran in Syria in the post-ISIS era, and has raised the question, "How are Iran's behavioral requirements for the post-crisis management of Syria evaluated?" Using the method of descriptive and library study and as a possible answer, the present research proposes the hypothesis that despite the success of the Islamic Republic of Iran in preventing the fall of the political system under the guidance of " Bashar Assad", the continuation of the obtained political-military achievements requires a comprehensive strategy based on the internal considerations of the Syrian society based on common cultural, religious and geopolitical interests and characteristics. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
190 - Autopsy of Afghanistan's Political-Security Crisis from Occupation to Insecurity (2021)And its impact on the security of the Islamic Republic of Iran
rashid rekabianAffected by the recent developments in Afghanistan, which led to the fall of Ashraf Ghani's government, the Afghan people and their military forces saw the government occupy the Taliban without any resistance, and other conditions of insecurity prevailed for the country MoreAffected by the recent developments in Afghanistan, which led to the fall of Ashraf Ghani's government, the Afghan people and their military forces saw the government occupy the Taliban without any resistance, and other conditions of insecurity prevailed for the country. In this country, he added, and at present, the country is living without government and in insecurity conflicts. What are the factors affecting the new political life of Afghanistan and what is its impact on the Islamic Republic of Iran?The hypothesis that can be put forward as a research finding is that the accumulation of barriers and factors in state-building has led to today's Afghanistan as a disintegrated, fragmented and divergent society, which is in the degenerative spiral of conflict, insecurity and poverty from modernity to poverty. Become the Taliban and ISIS; Relying on the element of religion and with the aim of gaining political power, the groups have not only been institutionalized within the framework of preventing the establishment of any democracy, but have also targeted the security of the Islamic Republic of Iran, the region and even the international system. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
191 - The Consequences of Identity Crisis in Ontological Insecurity and Foreign Policy Strategies of Israel
Mustafa Tarin Ahmad Jansiz Reza SimbarThe increasing spread of social gaps in the heterogeneous society of Israel and casting doubts on identity symbols of Zionism have challenged the ontological security of this regime. By applying racial discrimination policies, Zionism has faced social elements with stru MoreThe increasing spread of social gaps in the heterogeneous society of Israel and casting doubts on identity symbols of Zionism have challenged the ontological security of this regime. By applying racial discrimination policies, Zionism has faced social elements with structural separation, it has reduced the desires of social forces to support this regime. Assuming various gaps in Israel and with a descriptive-analytical method, the present article answers the question, in Constructivism theoretical framework, that what is the role of identity crisis in formation of the Israelite ontological insecurity? According to the findings, inability to resolve the problems and gaps resulting from internal, have led to make the structure of this regime security-oriented. The formation of this securitized environment along with the use of violence emanating from the Zionist ideology has caused Israel to have a strong tendency to belligerence in such a way that threats and tension have become a part of the ontological security of this government, and the efforts to security been included in Israel's foreign policy. Solving the crisis of ontological insecurity requires a change in the rigid Zionist approach to a soft approach, as well as going through the process of making the government non-security-oriented. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
192 - Assessing the Barriers to Convergence of Iran-Turkey Relations in the AKP Period
reza hamadanchiAfter the military presence in Turkish politics ended, the AKP gained the opportunity to gain public trust in Turkey for nearly two decades. The history of Iran-Turkey relations as two effective neighbors in the Middle East shows that the relations between the two count MoreAfter the military presence in Turkish politics ended, the AKP gained the opportunity to gain public trust in Turkey for nearly two decades. The history of Iran-Turkey relations as two effective neighbors in the Middle East shows that the relations between the two countries have always been up and down. So the question is, what are the main obstacles to the integration of Iran and Turkey in the AKP era? This descriptive-analytical study seeks to answer this question by pointing out that Turkey's relations with Israel, the difference between the attitude of Iran and Turkey to the Syrian crisis, and the regional rivalry of the two countries in the Middle East are leading the way in the integration of the two countries. To explain this research, a theoretical framework of pragmatism with adherence to modernism in Turkish foreign policy is considered. The AKP's pragmatism in foreign policy has played a decisive role in Turkey's strategies and goals. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
193 - Globalization and the North-South Relations (Text in Persian)
Samad Kalantari Abdolrassuoul KhaliliGlobalization is a process which has taken place in the past decade and the world community is moving in that direction. This process is taking place in social، political، cultural and technological arena particularly it is expanding in the field of economy. Many thinke MoreGlobalization is a process which has taken place in the past decade and the world community is moving in that direction. This process is taking place in social، political، cultural and technological arena particularly it is expanding in the field of economy. Many thinkers believe that the first move for globalization started in nineteen century. There was considerable increase in the volume of trade during 1870 till 1914 and some called this period the "golden period of economic integration" but later development slowed down this process. These developments were opposition to free trade by national producers، First World War، the Great Recession of 1929-1934 and the tendency of the governments to have independent economic policies. The main aspect of globalization of economy is the process of integration and dependence in different countries. It is in this framework that the North-South relations are discussed. Two important factors of globalization which have direct relations with each other are world target market and the problem of nation-states. The international competition transcends the national boundaries and they become like glass walls which one can see through them. In other words the advances in information technology and communication lead to integration and similarity of pattern of behavior، consumption، way of life and culture among the people of the world. Globalization also includes and affects the relations among political، economic and social units and wide range of interaction among them. Thus the process of globalization of economy has directed the orientation of national economies towards world economy and the activities which were formulated within national framework now are decided on world basis according to need of world markets. It is in this process that the future and the fate of the North and the South countries are tied together. The present article in the light of theoretical framework of globalization and with emphasis on globalization of political economy identifies the opportunities، the deterrent factors and the threats to the growth and development of the world. A world which is called the North-South. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
194 - Crisis Recreation in the Middle East SecurityStructure: Towards Identifying a Super Crisis
Mehdi AbediThis article points to a permanent concern in ME's security which is called 'crisis recreation' and emphasizes on that as a central nucleus.The major focus of this study is to understand the nature of this super crisis and its recreation in other critical ME'S condition MoreThis article points to a permanent concern in ME's security which is called 'crisis recreation' and emphasizes on that as a central nucleus.The major focus of this study is to understand the nature of this super crisis and its recreation in other critical ME'S conditions. In Contrast to common approaches namely International Society the or British School of International Relations in which in spite of structural obstacles, convergence and public discipline are attainable, this article proposes a neorealistic approach within the conceptual framework of anarchy in international system. In this way, although, there are a series the common cultural-historical values and geopolitical-economic interests among ME states to materialize convergence and public discipline, the ME structure seems to be conflicting and anarchic. The theoretical approach of this study considers this anarchic structure as the consequence of the Zionist's incomplete forming regime, and categorizes the main origin of all these disputes on this political fact. It is supposed that this phenomenon in other levels of governmental and non-governmental performers is recreated and caused the genesis of disordered structures. The concept of super crisis implies realigod a central point which has a feature and can recreate other forms of challenges in the ME. The the Greater Middle East plan can not be reveals in the presence of this crisis. [Adopting a reductionist approach towards this critical structure in the region helps to understand the reasons of unfulfilled great ME project.] Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
195 - The Security Regime of the Caspian Sea after the Disintegration of the Soviet Union till 2009: The Obstacles and the Challenges
Hossein Ahmadi Darab Jalil PiranWith the disintegration of the Soviet Union in 1991 the littoral states of the Caspian Sea got independence. These countries got a new and special geopolitics، economic، security and cultural position. The birth of the new states brought a change in international system MoreWith the disintegration of the Soviet Union in 1991 the littoral states of the Caspian Sea got independence. These countries got a new and special geopolitics، economic، security and cultural position. The birth of the new states brought a change in international system. The big powers and the littoral and contagious states also faced new problems. The presence of extra-regional powers like the United States and its allies like Israel، Turkey and Azerbaijan added to the complicacy of the problems. There are international issues which have its impact on the Caspian Sea region. These issues are the expansion of NATO towards east، the installation of missile defence shield in Eastern Europe with the aim of extension of their influence to the Caspian Sea region. The attitudes of Iran، Russia and China towards the developments of this region are among the important developments which have so far taken place. Some of the observers believe that a new cold war has started. The main question which the present article is raising is what are the obstacles and challenges before the security regime of the Caspian Sea region? The hypothesis of the article emphasizes on the point that the competition of the United States، Russia، China and Iran has created obstacles and challenge for the formation of security regime of the Caspian Sea security regime. The article is also examining the repercussions of these competitions on the process of formation of security regime of the Caspian Sea region. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
196 - Media War: The Challenge of Political Islam Based on Iranian Shia and Saudi Wahhabi Based Model of Bahrain
Karamreza Karamian Hengameh AlborziAbstract Nowadays one of the important international discussions is the developments that have occurred in the Middle East region. Movements that are called Arab Spring which have emerged from the awakening of the nations for achieving their due rights and demand for i MoreAbstract Nowadays one of the important international discussions is the developments that have occurred in the Middle East region. Movements that are called Arab Spring which have emerged from the awakening of the nations for achieving their due rights and demand for implementing reforms in dictatorial regimes of the Middle East region. One of these developments that has affected Bahrain, is the wave of Islamic awakening and extension of its reach to Kingdom of Bahrain. This development in Bahrain has led to a competition between two models of Shia Iran and Wahhabi Saudi Arabia. The lack of agreement between the two countries on question of Bahrain uprising has brought the two on the threshold of a proxy war in the field of Media. The present article by making use of politics of representation approach wants to examine the media diplomacy of the two countries vis-à-vis Bahrain crisis. The article also wants to answer a question that what role Bahrain crisis plays in the foreign policy of the two countries? What media diplomacy the two countries pursue vis-à-vis Bahrain? The underlying hypothesis is that the assumption of the Islamic Republic of Iran is that Bahrain developments is an Islamic awakening movement influenced and inspired by Islamic revolution of Iran and the assumption and representation of Saudi Arabia is that Bahrain uprising is merely an Arabic problem. These two conflicting outlook of the two countries had led to the confrontation of their viewpoints Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
197 - The Possible Crises in the United States Relations with China
Hamed Mohagheghnia Jahanbakhsh MoradiThe foreign relations of countries always depend on a set of intentions, objectives, interests, interpretations and interactions which are the outcome of decision making centre in internal structures and international limitations and its repercussions are also seen in d MoreThe foreign relations of countries always depend on a set of intentions, objectives, interests, interpretations and interactions which are the outcome of decision making centre in internal structures and international limitations and its repercussions are also seen in domestic and external sphere. The bilateral relations of the United States and China are not an exception to this rule. The United States and China expanded their relations from 1971. They had a successful record in interaction with each other in many field especially in economic field but this does not mean that there are no differences between the two. There are always threat and danger of tension and crisis in relations of the two world powers. The most important possible crises in relations of the United States and China are the problem of Taiwan and also the presence of the United States of other powers in sphere of influence of China and the ensuing tensions in that direction. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
198 - Evaluation of environmental aesthetics perception evolution in the transition from traditional to modern society with emphasis on identity crisis in contemporary city image
mohadese seyhani hossein safari amirreza karimiazeri seyedeh mamak salavatianThe transformations and developments in the field of art and the variations of art definition boundaries since the twentieth century have also had a significant impact on the aesthetic view of modern human beings. But these changes in aesthetics criteria and architectur MoreThe transformations and developments in the field of art and the variations of art definition boundaries since the twentieth century have also had a significant impact on the aesthetic view of modern human beings. But these changes in aesthetics criteria and architectural components are rooted in which fundamental changes in the aesthetic approach to accelerate the transition from past traditional society toward today's modern society? The present study tries to, using an analytical-comparative method based on documentary and library information with the sociological approach and the analysis of the creation process and the transition of art from traditional society to modern society, with the aim of identify the relative causes of the decline in the nature of art in present aesthetics and reducing the longevity of contemporary art experience especially in architecture. The findings of the study indicate that aesthetics in art including Iranian art, shifting from the traditional society to today’s modern society, has gradually departed from the qualitative symbolic and conceptual aesthetics and is tending towards a formal aesthetics with individualistic character which lacks referential concepts and having a more superficial perception which consequently leads to a shorter lifetime Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
199 - An Evaluation of environmental aesthetics perception in the transition from traditional to modern society with an emphasis on identity crisis in contemporary city
Mohadese Seyhani hossein safari amirreza karimiazeri seyedeh mamak salavatianThe transformations and developments in the field of art and the variations in definitions of art since the beginings of twentieth century have had a significant impact on the aesthetic views of modern human beings. But which fundamental changes in aesthetic approach ar MoreThe transformations and developments in the field of art and the variations in definitions of art since the beginings of twentieth century have had a significant impact on the aesthetic views of modern human beings. But which fundamental changes in aesthetic approach are at the roots of the transition from past traditional society to today's modern society? The present study, using an analytical-comparative method based on documentary and library information with a sociological approach and the analysis of the creation process and the transition of art from traditional society to modern society, aims to identify the relative causes of the decline of arts in present aesthetics and the reduction of longevity of contemporary art experience especially in architecture. The findings of the study indicate that aesthetics in arts including Iranian art, has gradually departed from the qualitative symbolic and conceptual aesthetics and tends towards a formal aesthetics with individualistic character which lacks referential concepts and has a more superficial perception which consequently leads to a shorter lifetime. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
200 - An Exploratory Perspective of Systematic Decision Making in Corona Crisis for SME Corporation Based on Grounded Theory and System Dynamics
Masoud Borhani Alireza Shirvani Zahra Alipoor Darvishi Roya M. Ahari In spite of the sufferings and problems that Corona crisis created for people all around the world it has had the advantage that the decision-making process needed to be reviewed it through institutions , organizations and More In spite of the sufferings and problems that Corona crisis created for people all around the world it has had the advantage that the decision-making process needed to be reviewed it through institutions , organizations and companies. It is helpful in order to reduce the risk of decision-making error for the public interest and the sustainability of organizations by maintaining human resources, providing financial resources , upgrading knowledge and the ability of the organization. To manage the crisis situations, at first it requires to know the complexity and level of crisis, then understanding the environmental conditions and finally the speed of changes and the uncertainty that caused by crisis. In order to make a decision – making model in this condition we require basic theory for answering the research questions and this will be done by grounded theory process after creation the theory and trying to improve that by secondary data analysis. In this paper , we explain how to develop basic theory to know decision making process in Corona crisis for SME’s that in line with qualitative goals of research. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
201 - Analysis of Social Capital Effects on Improvement of Villagers Resiliency in the Management of Earthquake Crisis, (Case Study: North Ozomdul, Varzeghan County)
Vakil Heidari SarbanThe purpose of the present was to study and analysis of social capital effects on improvement of villager’s resiliency in the management of earthquake crisis in the rural areas of Varzeghan County. It can be said that studied population in this study consists of a MoreThe purpose of the present was to study and analysis of social capital effects on improvement of villager’s resiliency in the management of earthquake crisis in the rural areas of Varzeghan County. It can be said that studied population in this study consists of all damaged villages of north Ozomdul Dehstan and households residing in this villages (N=398) among which 196 persons were selected as statistical sample using Cochran formula. Sample size was determined based on the Cochran’s formula and the required data were collected through questionnaires. Content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by professors and experts and its reliability was determined based on Cronbach's alpha (0.80-0.86).Moreover, as shown by the results of Pearson test, there are significant relation between the variables of awareness, social confidence, social participation, social communication, knowledge and information exchange and horizontal relations and improvement of villager’s resiliency in the rural areas of Varzeghan County. Finally, according to the study results, a number of recommendations also presented Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
202 - Comparison of Two Urban Governance Theories and Institutional Resilience in Urban Management System Using Content Analysis and Presentation of Upgraded Model (Case Study: Qazvin City)
Daryoush Ardalan zohreh davoudpour keramatolah ziariChallenges in the urban management system have led to the emergence of different theories in this regard, each of which attempts to suggest a suitable model by taking into account a series of variables and criteria. The 1970s was a turning point in the theorizing. Among MoreChallenges in the urban management system have led to the emergence of different theories in this regard, each of which attempts to suggest a suitable model by taking into account a series of variables and criteria. The 1970s was a turning point in the theorizing. Among these, one can mention two urban governance and urban resilience theories. Almost both theories were raised at one time, but several decades of time were needed to develop by the experts, until take a more complete form. Each of these theories will try to provide appropriate solutions to the challenges of urban management and to come up with a suitable model in this regard. The purpose of this study is to identify effective variables and criteria in these two theories and compare them with each other in order to better understand the subject and provide a more efficient model for urban management in Qazvin.In this research, content analysis methodology has been used, Recent researches on resilience and governance has been investigated, and greater recognition is made, using the differences existing therein. In this way, a comprehensive and transparent picture of the subject is obtained. To come Based on the findings of the present study, institutional resilience with a wider view of the influential factors in urban management has looked, to the variables that are involved in promoting the efficiency and function of this system. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
203 - Measuring the Vulnerability of Urban Structures from the Point of View of Passive Defense during the Crisis (Case Study: Gomishan City)
Hassan Hosseini Amini Hossein Mousazadeh Amir Bakhshi Reza SarliThroughout history, human beings have experienced the scenes of war and military adventures, and less land has survived from this pest. It is imperative and inevitable to strengthen the urban defense facilities, to set up risk aversion routes, to improve the status of s MoreThroughout history, human beings have experienced the scenes of war and military adventures, and less land has survived from this pest. It is imperative and inevitable to strengthen the urban defense facilities, to set up risk aversion routes, to improve the status of services that are necessary at the time of defense. In this perspective, the human effort to survive has to be equipped with threats. The city is a dense human habitat, which, due to human presence, needs security and safety in all its physical, social, economic, and cultural dimensions. Based on the importance of the subject, the present study is based on the developmental-applied approach and a combination of research methods A descriptive-analytical study of the subject in Gomishan city has been analyzed by providing a city method and effective urban elements in the field of passive defense from the perspective of distance from the center of the city of Gomishan, which seeks to reduce the potential damage caused by human hazards. And natural in the city. The occurrence of natural and human events will cause heavy casualties in the cities. The issue of paying attention to the dimensions of harm and the disassembly of standards will inevitably make the city more comfortable from the perspective of passive defense in order to identify vulnerable elements with a passive defense approach. The city of Gomishan, according to previous studies in this field Neither hierarchical method was used. In this regard, after the identification of the criteria Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
204 - Evaluation of the flexibility of open spaces in urban neighborhoods in terms of passive defense (Case study: District 1 in Tabriz)
Yousef Darvishi Vahid SamadzadehOpen spaces located in the central cities of the cities can be the most unprogrammable spaces from the standpoint of non-operational defense, because these spaces can play a role in critical situations because of their private ownership and belonging to the general publ MoreOpen spaces located in the central cities of the cities can be the most unprogrammable spaces from the standpoint of non-operational defense, because these spaces can play a role in critical situations because of their private ownership and belonging to the general public or public bodies. It's very important to reduce the vulnerabilityAccordingly, the present study aims to investigate and identify the limitations and ability of open spaces in Tabriz 1 in terms of mass and space combination, functional variation for critical situations as well as global coverage and appropriate access to spaces suitable for non-defense purposes. Agent works. For this purpose, in this research, various software applications such as ARC GIS 10 and Auto cad and Excel software have been used for zoning different vulnerabilities and analyzing data.The results of the research indicate that most of the old neighborhoods of Tabriz 1 have been vulnerable to non-operating defenses, as well as the structure of open spaces in the studied area based on the composition of mass and space, more than 11.7of the region's surface area for situations An inappropriate crisis indicates that there is a meaningful relationship between the degree of flexibility of open spaces and their vulnerability, in the sense that the greater the flexibility of open spaces is greater, as much as reducing the vulnerability of the area and In return, finally, surveys show that 58 of Tabriz 1 has an appropriate access to open spaces. There could be improvements in terms of civil defense. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
205 - Analysis of Urban Vulnerability Indexes with the Approach Seismic Disaster Management Using Fuzzy Network Analysis Process (FANP) (Case study: Urmia city)
ALI khedmatzadeh Mirnajaf Mousavi Ardashir YousefzadehIntroduction The occurrence of natural disasters such as earthquakes, in urban texture and in population density region has caused hard damage. Regarding the country’s location on the earthquake zone, the current study has studied Urmia city due to natural feature MoreIntroduction The occurrence of natural disasters such as earthquakes, in urban texture and in population density region has caused hard damage. Regarding the country’s location on the earthquake zone, the current study has studied Urmia city due to natural features and the risk of seismicity in order to identify the most important damaging factors in order to manage the urban disaster caused by an earthquake.Methodology This research is descriptive and analytical in method and applied in purpose. In the descriptive section, the results of the general census of population and housing in 1395, documents and library studies have been used, and in the Analytical section, the Network Analysis process (ANP) and fuzzy operators in ARC GIS software have been applied.Geographical area of research The study area (statistical blocks) with an area of 4854.91 ha contains 91% of the total area of Urmia city, which has a population of 727066 people (other than Golmankhaneh Town). Based on the 2016 census and based on the information obtained from statistical blocks, the rate of population and the number of families in the area were 727066 people and 222737 families, respectively. The study area includes 97.83% of the population of Urmia city.Results and discussion The highest vulnerability is in areas with a slope of more than 20% and areas with high population density are observed. Areas with very high vulnerability with 34.12%, high with 11.81%, medium with 30.47%, low with 20.89% and very low with 2.7% accounted for the area of statistical blocks. In general, it can be said that 45.93% of the study area is vulnerable based on the criteria used in the analysis.Conclusion In vulnerable earthquake zoning in Urmia, 5 vulnerable classes were obtained. The very high vulnerability class in the Zone 2 urban area with an area of 341.09 hectares (13.19%) has the most vulnerable uses, Zone 3 with 8.24%, Zone 1 with 7.57%, Zone 4 with 2.76% and Zone 5 with 1.92% have the most uses with very high vulnerabilities, respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
206 - Analysis of Scientific–Executive Capability and Up-to-date of Iran's Parliament Approvals in Drought Crisis Management
جلال محمودزاده محمدصادق صبوری مهرداد نیکنامی الهام داناییخشکسالی به عنوان یکی از پیچیدهترین و در عین حال با کمترین میزان شناخت یا درک نسبت به سایر بلایای طبیعی از آغاز تمدن بشر تاثیراتی شدید و گاهی اوقات فاجعه آمیز بر فعالیتهای حیاتی انسان در سراسر جهان داشته است. در مقایسه با دیگر بلایای طبیعی، خشکسالی تعداد افراد بیشتر و Moreخشکسالی به عنوان یکی از پیچیدهترین و در عین حال با کمترین میزان شناخت یا درک نسبت به سایر بلایای طبیعی از آغاز تمدن بشر تاثیراتی شدید و گاهی اوقات فاجعه آمیز بر فعالیتهای حیاتی انسان در سراسر جهان داشته است. در مقایسه با دیگر بلایای طبیعی، خشکسالی تعداد افراد بیشتر و مناطق گستردهتری را تحت تأثیر قرار میدهد. خشکسالی یک فاجعه آهسته است که عواقب زیست محیطی، اجتماعی و زیست محیطی دارد. مدیریت بحران بخشی از چرخه مدیریت خشکسالی است در ایران مدیریت بحران، استراتژی محوری در مقابله با این پدیده می باشد قوانین و مقررات مربوط به مدیریت بحران بخشی اساسی از مدیریت بحران است که نقش هر یک سازمانها ، نهاد ، و آحاد جامعه را در بر خورد با پدیده خشکسالی مشخص می کند. یکی از مهمترین ایرادات در مدیریت بحران، فقدان قوانین و مقررات مناسب و اجرای آنها است. این مطالعه با هدف مرور مدیریت بحران خشکسالی با تاکید بر قوانین مصوب پارلمانی انجام گردید. این مطالعه نشان داد که قانونی جامع و مانعی برای خشکسالی در کشور وجود ندارد. اجرای قوانین موجود نیز با چالش هایی همراه بوده است .این مطالعه ممکن است به کاهش آسیب پذیری ها و تقویت هماهنگی در مدیریت بحران خشکسالی کمک کند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
207 - The Impact of Bio-Ethanol Conversion and Global Climate Change on Corn Economic Performanve of Indonesia
Yudi Ferrianta Nuhfil Hanani Budi Setiawan Wahib MuhaiminMany studies conclude that the rise in global food prices due to higher demand from the development of biofuels, climate anomalies, and increased of oil prices. Not only the food commodity index rose more than 60 percent, nonfood commodity price index also rose over 60 MoreMany studies conclude that the rise in global food prices due to higher demand from the development of biofuels, climate anomalies, and increased of oil prices. Not only the food commodity index rose more than 60 percent, nonfood commodity price index also rose over 60 percent and crude oil price index has increased even further above 60 percent. The purpose of this study is to analyze the impact of bio-ethanol conversion and global climate change on corn economic performance of Indonesia. The results showed that the food crisis caused by climate anomalies lead the world corn prices rose 50 percent, impact on Indonesia corn imports fell by 11.86 percent. And the other hand, the energy crisis that caused the corn used as feedstock for ethanol that caused U.S. corn exports only 20 percent of their products have an impact on Indonesia on maize imports fell 32.4 percent. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
208 - Prescriptive model of governance in human resource management after the crisis of corona outbreak
ali tayyebi rahani Youssef Mohammadi MoghadamBackground and purpose: One of the essentials of crisis management is the high level of preparedness and capability of the human force in these conditions. As a crisis, the spread of the corona disease stopped the wheels of industry and trade, and undoubtedly brought ch MoreBackground and purpose: One of the essentials of crisis management is the high level of preparedness and capability of the human force in these conditions. As a crisis, the spread of the corona disease stopped the wheels of industry and trade, and undoubtedly brought changes to the organizational approaches after the outbreak. Therefore, the role of human resources management in facing these damages was highlighted. The purpose of this research is to design a prescriptive model of governance in human resource management after the crisis of the Corona outbreak. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
209 - Identifying the factors of the financial crisis and presenting a model in the hotel industry in the critical conditions of Covid-19 (5 and 4 star hotels in Iran)
Fatemeh Dekamini Habibollah Javanmard Mohammad EhsanifarAbstract Background and Objective: The lack of a comprehensive classification of financial crisis management complications in the hotel industry causes financial losses during the crisis. The purpose of this research is to identify the factors of the financial crisis a MoreAbstract Background and Objective: The lack of a comprehensive classification of financial crisis management complications in the hotel industry causes financial losses during the crisis. The purpose of this research is to identify the factors of the financial crisis and provide a model in the hotel industry in the critical conditions of Covid-19. Research method: The research method was qualitative-quantitative. The tool for collecting information in the qualitative part was an in-depth interview with 18 managers and academic experts until theoretical saturation was reached. In a quantitative part, structural modeling was used and the statistical population included 4 and 5 star hotels in every province in the country, and 180 questionnaires were distributed. Interviews were coded with MAXQDA software. Findings: According to the findings of the research, 11 dimensions were obtained as financial crisis control dimensions, including 6 internal dimensions and 5 external dimensions, among which, income phase, facilitating conditions and support policies of The dimensions and components affecting the financial crisis of the hotel industry in the critical conditions of Covid-19 were known. Conclusion: The internal and external dimensions identified in the final model can help the hotel industry in times of crisis. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
210 - Investigating the effect of Islamic moral intelligence on the organizational indifference of the employees of the General Department of Environmental Protection, Khorasan Razavi, using the structural equation model approach
Laleh Masoomian Davod Kaveh Yaser Salary Zahra AnjomshoaeThe purpose of the study is to investigate the effect of Islamic moral intelligence on the organizational indifference of employees of the General Department of Environmental Protection of Khorasan Razavi. Organizational indifference is a silent crisis that leads to the MoreThe purpose of the study is to investigate the effect of Islamic moral intelligence on the organizational indifference of employees of the General Department of Environmental Protection of Khorasan Razavi. Organizational indifference is a silent crisis that leads to the destruction of the organization.This research is applied in terms of purpose and survey in terms of nature and method. The statistical population includes all the employees of this Department , in the number of 450 people, and based on the sampling table of Karjesi and Morgan, 207 of them were selected by simple random sampling. The research tool is researcher-made questionnaires, which were determined using content validity using face validity method, and reliability was determined using internal consistency using Cronbach's alpha method. The method of data analysis was structural equation model using Amos modeling software. The findings showed that the variable of Islamic moral intelligence had the greatest effect with a coefficient of -0.96 on the organizational indifference of employees and Islamic moral intelligence with a coefficient of -0.91 on indifference to clients, with a coefficient of -0.903 on indifference to colleagues, with a coefficient of -0.902 on indifference to work and with a coefficient of -0.85 on indifference It has had a significant impact on the manager. As a result, the higher the Islamic moral intelligence of the employees , the less indifference to the manager, organization, clients, colleagues and their work. This research will be the beginning to manage indifference of employee to the fate of organization. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
211 - An explanation of the phenomenon of generation recognition: Corona generation
shabnam Afarin Abadeh Farzin Farahbod mohammad reza azadehdel saeed Baghersalimi Hamidreza Rezaee kelidbariwith studies conducted on more than 40 domestic and foreign articles during the years 2020-2023 in related databases that dealt with various dimensions of the impact of the Covid-19 virus, it is possible to identify the generational object of Corona among teenagers. And Morewith studies conducted on more than 40 domestic and foreign articles during the years 2020-2023 in related databases that dealt with various dimensions of the impact of the Covid-19 virus, it is possible to identify the generational object of Corona among teenagers. And the youth, in whom the formation of a generation takes place, because they have experienced a huge inequality between generations, and considering its impact on indicators such as education, economy, social and cultural relations, the impact of this crisis on their generational life. It was seen more than others.Based on this, the pattern of the pandemic generation can be recognized according to the index of the impact of an omnipresent deadly disease in the world. That entity of a new generation was proposed as the Corona generation. The findings showed that by recognizing this generation, the challenges facing them can be examined and better plans can be made for their future. The research method is descriptive-analytical and has been done with a survey tool. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
212 - Providing a Management Model to Deal with the Corona Crisis
ٰVahid PourshahabiIn recent years, the Covid-19 pandemic was one of the crises affecting human society. The purpose of this research is to provide a management model to deal with the Corona crisis. In terms of the nature of the data, this research is mixed research, and library studies a MoreIn recent years, the Covid-19 pandemic was one of the crises affecting human society. The purpose of this research is to provide a management model to deal with the Corona crisis. In terms of the nature of the data, this research is mixed research, and library studies and a researcher-made questionnaire were used to collect the data, and the validity and reliability of the questionnaire were checked and confirmed. The statistical population of this research included all experts in economic, social welfare, law, and governance in unlimited numbers. The statistical sample of this research in the qualitative part included 20 people who were selected by snowball method and in the quantitative part 384 people were determined by systematic random method from the statistical population. In this research, the Delphi method, structural equations, and partial least squares method with the help of Smart-PLS software were used for data analysis. The results of this research show that the economic response, welfare response, and governance response have a positive effect on the management of the Corona crisis. But the reaction of democracy has a negative effect on the management of the Covid-19 crisis. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
213 - Crisis management in the libraries Case Study: The Libraries of affiliated of agricultural research, education and extension organization
Javad Bashiri Fatemeh Zabihi FaridianPurpose: The main purpose of this research is the determining safety and crisis management in the libraries of institutes and research centers affiliated of agricultural research, education and extension organization. Methodology: In This study descriptive survey met MorePurpose: The main purpose of this research is the determining safety and crisis management in the libraries of institutes and research centers affiliated of agricultural research, education and extension organization. Methodology: In This study descriptive survey method was used. Data collected from the questionnaire and descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data. The population consisted of 104 special libraries of institutes and research centers affiliated of AREEO. Due to the nature of the study, data analysis and descriptive statistics were used to design charts from Excel. In this study due to the limited population of the sample is not used. Findings: According to the results, 44 percent of the libraries’ buildings in the affiliated of AREEO against of the natural disasters have appropriate conditions. 54 percent of libraries are strength against the earthquake and 68 percent against to hurricane. 86% of libraries are not equipped with any alarm system. More than 90 percent of the libraries lacked emergency exits and over 92 percent have no insurance coverage. 35 percent of staff completed primary fire training and 65 percent of staff had not any education. 94 percent of libraries do not have any plan to deal with the crisis. Conclusion: The results showed that the theory of planned behavior has been effective regarding the Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
214 - The effects of demographic characteristics of managers in compliance with crisis management of University Libraries of Iran
Faezeh FarhoodiPurpose: The purpose of this research is determination of effects of demographic characteristics (organizational position, level of education and years of service) of managers on compliance with local crisis management in university libraries affiliated to the Ministry MorePurpose: The purpose of this research is determination of effects of demographic characteristics (organizational position, level of education and years of service) of managers on compliance with local crisis management in university libraries affiliated to the Ministry of Science, Research and Technology of Iran. Method: Analytical survey research is method and research tool is a questionnaire. The study population, 167 executives and managers of universities that 118 people have completed the questionnaire. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (correlation coefficient regression, comparing means for independent groups and Tukey test). Findings: The mean compliance with the internal crisis management in staff is 147 and in faculty managers is 159. Managers who have MS, 11/44 compared who have Ph.D more respect for crisis management within the organization. The correlation of experience with internal crisis management 0/24 and is significant. None of the demographic characteristics of managers on compliance with external dimensions of crisis management is ineffective and only demographic characteristic that affects the observance of crisis management and external operating environment, experience. Conclusion: the results of this research showed that Experience and Years of services have the most influence to Managing indicator (That's one of the indicators of internal crisis management). The other result showed that Level of education have the least influence to Security anticipate but have the most influence to the other indicators of internal crisis management. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
215 - Rouhani Foreign Policy and International Crisis Management (JCPOA and U.S Domestic Factors )
عیسی کاملی Garineh keshishyan Hassan Khodaverdi Mohammadkazem Sajjadpour -
Open Access Article
216 - The Role of the Europeans in the Midst of the US-Iran Crisis in January 2020: the Dilemma of being a Normative Power in an Amoral World
سزار کاستیا سمانه کچوئیAbstract: EU's foreign policy instruments have been mainly designed with a normative approach to contribute to stability and peace in a changing political landscape. However, EU foreign policy faces different challenges that constantly test its ability related to confli MoreAbstract: EU's foreign policy instruments have been mainly designed with a normative approach to contribute to stability and peace in a changing political landscape. However, EU foreign policy faces different challenges that constantly test its ability related to conflict resolution, international understanding, and the defence of its Interests, such as the crisis between the US and Iran in January 2020. This research will answer the following question: What were the failures of the EU's foreign policy in the middle of the crisis between the US and Iran in January 2020? This paper aims to determine the shortcoming of the EU foreign policy affecting its role as a Global Power during the US-Iran crisis in January 2020. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
217 - International Security, Covid Crisis, Copenhagen Security Theory, Extended Security, Post-Covid
Hassan Yousefi Jahangir Karami -
Open Access Article
218 - Geopolitical Changes and Crises in The Caucasus
Parvin Dadandish Mohmood VaeziThe Caucasus has seen numerous crises since the region gained independence following the collapse of the Soviet Union. Some of these crises have not been resolved yet as evidenced by recent Russia-Georgia conflict. This paper seeks to analyze such crises within the fram MoreThe Caucasus has seen numerous crises since the region gained independence following the collapse of the Soviet Union. Some of these crises have not been resolved yet as evidenced by recent Russia-Georgia conflict. This paper seeks to analyze such crises within the framework of significant geopolitical changes unfolded by the collapse of the Soviet Union. The author argues that in the post-Soviet era, the Russians lost much of their control over the region due to their own domestic problems, but it seems that Moscow is not interested in withdrawing further from the region. The author concludes that under current conditions, it seems that as long as all regional and trans-regional powers fail to consider the interests of other powers or try to pose threats to them, the crises will continue to unfold in the Caucasus, while there is no agreed dispute settlement mechanism in the region as well. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
219 - Crisis in Venezuela: A Politico Economic Understanding
Peu Gosh -
Open Access Article
220 - Ukraine crisis: Trends and Perspectives
Majid Divsalar -
Open Access Article
221 - Political Cooperation between Iran and Russia in the Syrian Crisis (2010-2017)
Mohammad Mosaddegh Garineh Keshishyan Siraki Hassan KhodaverdiIran and Russia have been in contact with each other for more than a thousand years, of course, these relations were more social and commercial until the Safavid era, but gradually it took a political and military form, and in the Qajar period, the two countries became MoreIran and Russia have been in contact with each other for more than a thousand years, of course, these relations were more social and commercial until the Safavid era, but gradually it took a political and military form, and in the Qajar period, the two countries became neighbors and the period A war and threat emerged between them that made Russia the most important element in Iran's international political life for two centuries. The existence of peaceful relations between the two countries in different periods, the general atmosphere of these interactions was based on the threat element of Russia and the vulnerability of Iran, seeking a third power to create balance. The two phenomena of Iran's Islamic Revolution and the collapse of the Soviet Union brought about the fundamental transformation of the two countries, especially the departure from the neighboring status. Along with the deterioration of Russia's relations with the United States and the West since the beginning of the Ukraine crisis in 2014, Moscow has increased its efforts to expand its relations with Iran. Of course, Iran (especially after the 1979 revolution) has not had friendly relations with the United States; Therefore, having common objections to the foreign policy of the United States has been a factor for cooperation between Iran and Russia. The rapid developments in the Middle East, especially in Syria, Iraq and Yemen, are among the historical milestones in Tehran-Moscow relations. The scene of the developments in Syria has provided a favorable background for the objective prominence of the points of commonality between Iran and Russia regarding international developments and the Middle East region. What is certain is that both countries are against the expansion of the western world's political, economic and military influence in their surrounding areas due to various geopolitical historical reasons and to protect their national interests and security. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
222 - The Effect of BARJAM on the Revision of the Military policies of the members of the Persian Gulf Cooperative Council
Saeid Jamshidi Reza AliAkbarpour -
Open Access Article
223 - The effect of BARJAM on the revision of the military policies in the members of the Persian Gulf cooperative council
Saeid Jamshidi Reza Ali Akbarpour -
Open Access Article
224 - The Political Thought of Darius the Great (522- 486 B.C.), the Legislator of Achaemenid Empire (A Study Based on Achaemenid Inscriptions in Old Persian)
Awat Abbasi -
Open Access Article
225 - Investigating the Impact of President Joe Biden’s Government on the Relations between Saudi Arabia and Qatar, Emphasizing the Role of Iran
Khalill Janami Hamed Mohagheghnia Hossein Karimifard Hamed Ameri GolestaniThe crisis in Qatar's political relations with Saudi Arabia and other Arab countries took place on June 5, 2017, which followed the talks of the Emir of Qatar regarding the importance of Iran and interaction with it, and the severance of diplomatic relations between Qat MoreThe crisis in Qatar's political relations with Saudi Arabia and other Arab countries took place on June 5, 2017, which followed the talks of the Emir of Qatar regarding the importance of Iran and interaction with it, and the severance of diplomatic relations between Qatar and the four Arab countries led by Saudi Arabia. In the wake of this crisis, the Trump administration took a middle position and encouraging Qatar to accept Saudi’s conditions, especially regarding relations and interactions with Iran. It also undertook a wide diplomatic effort to reduce the crisis, but the differences in the positions of American officials such as Trump, Tillerson, Pompeo and other officials of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs brings to mind a kind of passivity and lack of determination in order to secure the strategic interests of the United States in the region. With the defeat of Trump in the 2020 presidential elections and the ascension of the Democrats to power and the change of priorities in the Persian Gulf region, especially in relation to Iran, it seems that the performance of the Biden administration regarding the crisis in the relations between Saudi Arabia and Qatar is different from that of the Trump administration. The signs of this change can be seen in the change of crisis level and reduction of tensions. This article aims to examine the diplomatic crisis between Saudi Arabia and Qatar from the perspective of the role of Iran and the view of the new administration of the United States of America and Joe Biden himself on this issue and to answer the basic question of how the variable of Iran can affect the role of the United States of America, Saudi Arabia, and Qatar have an impact on the diplomatic crisis that began between Qatar and Saudi Arabia in 2017, and what direction will the future crisis between the two countries go in the Biden administration, and what will be the impact of other influential factors in the Persian Gulf region? In this article, using the analytical-explanatory method and using library sources, it shows that the change in the approach of the Biden administration towards Iran will cause the position of Saudi Arabia to become softer towards Qatar, and accordingly, the tension between Saudi Arabia and Qatar, one of the main parts of which was Qatar's relations with Iran, to move towards the mitigation of the crisis and the resumption of relations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
226 - Designing a systemic model for promoting social capital in influential government organizations with emphasis on the Corona crisis
فرهاد بابانژاد برسمنانی Mojtaba Tabari Yousof Gholi Pourkanani -
Open Access Article
227 - The Qur'an's view of crisis management in early Islamic wars with an emphasis on Surah Al-Imran and Anfal
ahmadreza tavousi Amir Ahmadnezhadcrisis management is one of the most important issues in political and managerial sciences. After the departure of the Holy Prophet (PBUH) to Medina and forming an Islamic state, the infidels and pagans of Mecca continued to threaten the Muslims and caused several great Morecrisis management is one of the most important issues in political and managerial sciences. After the departure of the Holy Prophet (PBUH) to Medina and forming an Islamic state, the infidels and pagans of Mecca continued to threaten the Muslims and caused several great wars. Scrutiny in the verses of the koran indicates that God has supported the islamic corps during the confrontation of muslims with these crises.In the present study, based on the study of the subject literature and with a descriptive, analytical approach and focusing on medenian surahs of the Quran (Al Imran and Anfal) and based on the division of The famous triple stages in crisis management, the most important principles of crisis management in the early Islamic wars are examined And this analysis model can be counted among the achievements of the present article.The result of the analysis of the related verses is a graph whose salient points can be summarized in an effort to establish peace, Observance of justice, even in the midst of war and acceptance of Repentant Of remorses.Key words: crisis management, Quran, war, infidels, polytheists Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
228 - Human resource management measures of the country's health sector in the pre-health crisis
آزاده اشرفی محمودرضا محقق دولت آبادی جواد فقیهیپور فاطمه دربندی کبری مافیThe main purpose of this study was to identify the strategic measures of human resource management in the health and medical care section in a health crisis situation and emphatically on Epidemic coronavirus. The study was considered in the time domain of 2020 and the s MoreThe main purpose of this study was to identify the strategic measures of human resource management in the health and medical care section in a health crisis situation and emphatically on Epidemic coronavirus. The study was considered in the time domain of 2020 and the spatial domain of all staff and managers of Iran University of Medical Sciences who have participated effectively in controlling the corona crisis (2019-2020). The research method was qualitative which was done based on Grounded theory method (without structure). Semi-structured interviews were used to collect data and snowball method was used for sampling. Finally, the data analysis method was performed using triple coding in MAXQDA software environment. The results showed that the strategic measures of human resource management measures in the health and medical care section before the health crisis can be considered in six functions. The six functions of the human resources unit of the health and medical care section before the health crisis are: Employee recruitment; Improving and educating employees ; Service compensation system; Employee relations; Employee maintenance; Separation of employees from the organization . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
229 - The effect of exchange rate fluctuations and oil prices on the stock index of companies during the corona conflict
mozhgan khodaverdi amirreza keyghobadihe spread of the virus (Quid 19) since January 2017 in Wuhan, China has caused many diseases and deaths in the world. The consequences of this virus have caused recession and other global problems so that even developed countries claim to have social health systems. Adv Morehe spread of the virus (Quid 19) since January 2017 in Wuhan, China has caused many diseases and deaths in the world. The consequences of this virus have caused recession and other global problems so that even developed countries claim to have social health systems. Advanced were in trouble. Questions or hypotheses including: a) The main questions of the research: Does the financial crisis of Corona have a significant impact on the stock index of selected listed companies? Model sub-questions: Do currency crises have a significant effect on the stock index of selected stock exchange companies? Do oil crises have a significant effect on the stock index of selected stock exchange companies? Sub-hypotheses of the research: Currency crises have a significant effect on the stock index of selected listed companies. Oil crises have a significant impact on the stock index of selected listed companies. The statistical population is all companies listed in the Tehran Stock Exchange Organization that the research return time period is seven years between 1392 and 1399. The method used in the present study is descriptive-analytical, which in order to adapt economic theories to the realities of society, the relationships between variables are examined using statistics and after matching the theories, using From the inferential statistics and econometric method of the panel in Iveys software, the rejection or proof of the presented hypotheses is tested. All three models were accepted. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
230 - The Role of Financial crises in the impact of Liquidity on Stock Returns: Empirical evidence from Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE)
Ehsan RajabiThe possibility of financial crises in the recent years is more than ever during the development of financial markets. In the last two decades, economic figures and financial statements show an unprecedented increase in corporate bankruptcies. The financial crisis can s MoreThe possibility of financial crises in the recent years is more than ever during the development of financial markets. In the last two decades, economic figures and financial statements show an unprecedented increase in corporate bankruptcies. The financial crisis can spread to financial markets and play role for impact of liquidity on stock. In this paper, we investigate the effect of liquidity on stock returns by using panel data method for 177 listed companies on the Tehran Stock Exchange in the period of 2007-2020.The results indicate that liquidity during the global financial crisis does not have a significant effect on share returns. In bankrupt companies, share returns have also increased by liquidity has increased. In other words, by increasing the share liquidity of the bankrupt companies, share returns will be increased. All so, when economic growth (year 2007, 2012, 2013, 2015, 2018, 2019) is negative, liquidity affect returns pasetively. The development of new financial instruments such as investment funds will increase the liquidity of stocks and, of course, increase stock returns, which will ultimately improve the development of the capital market for attracting liquidity and micro-capital of society to this financial market. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
231 - Provide modeling strategies for creating resilience of sports businesses in Corona
کاظم چراغ بیرجندی مهلا مویدی مقدمThe purpose of this study was to present a model of strategies for creating resilience of sports businesses in corona. The approach of the present study is qualitative and theme analysis was used to design the model and exploratory interview was used to collect data. Th MoreThe purpose of this study was to present a model of strategies for creating resilience of sports businesses in corona. The approach of the present study is qualitative and theme analysis was used to design the model and exploratory interview was used to collect data. The statistical population consists of sports business owners (sports clubs). Due to the importance of the research topic, sampling of snowball chains has been used and the number of samples for interviewing is 10. To determine the validity of the study, acceptability, transferability and verifiability were used and its reliability was determined by agreement between the two coders as 0.88.The results show that strategies such as, innovation and continuous learning, for the resilience of sports businesses. Networking, marketing, crisis management, behavioral skills, and strategic and entrepreneurial thinking are effective, which can be examined in two macro dimensions: empowerment and entrepreneurial capacity building, so it is recommended that sports club owners be able to Coronas will survive and even become profitable as a result of the above factors will see the business boom. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
232 - Basic religious beliefs,identity crisis,and general health in young adults
Ali Reza Rajaee Mohammad Hossein Bayazi Hamid Habibipoursample of 440 students in Mashhad Islamic Azad University completed the Basic Religious Beliefs Questionnaire (Rajaee et al., 2008), Identity Crisis Questionnaire (Rajaee et al., 2008), and the General Health Questionnaire (Goldberg, 1972). The results showed the person Moresample of 440 students in Mashhad Islamic Azad University completed the Basic Religious Beliefs Questionnaire (Rajaee et al., 2008), Identity Crisis Questionnaire (Rajaee et al., 2008), and the General Health Questionnaire (Goldberg, 1972). The results showed the persons with high scores on basic religious beliefs had low scores in identity crisis and more general health. A significant negative correlation was found between the identity crisis and general health. Multiple regression ana- lysis showed that basic religious beliefs explained variance of identity crisis (R2 =0.094) and general health (R2 =0.023) among young adults. The results were discussed based on cognitive and emotional theories. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
233 - Explaining Strategies for Passing Through Midlife Crisis: A Qualitative Study
Masumeh Esmaeili Fatemeh Ghaseminiaii Kosar Dehdasthe aim of this study was to explore strategies for passing through midlife crisis. Based on a qualitative approach and grounded theory methodology, the data were collected using theoretical sampling. In each step, according to the analysis of previous data, twenty middl Morehe aim of this study was to explore strategies for passing through midlife crisis. Based on a qualitative approach and grounded theory methodology, the data were collected using theoretical sampling. In each step, according to the analysis of previous data, twenty middle-aged females and males who were volunteer to interview were selected. The results were presented based on coding, including “the core of the middle-aged crisis process formation” which involves assessing the life process and comparing it with personal and social standards. The consequences of midlife crisis were studied in three sections: Behavioral, cognitive and emotional. Passing through midlife crisis components were discussed with three strategies: effective personal constructs, kind of human look about individual capabilities, and achievements of life and midlife period. Eventually, underlying factors in the formation of efficient personal structures and the kind of human look in the process of passing the midlife crisis were explained in two categories: Religious coping strategies and selective and practical personality. Given the problems of middle-aged people, midlife period needs more attention from therapists and consultants. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
234 - Design a Model to Predict the Financial Crisis of the Iranian Capital market Using Smart Web Models
Maryam Roohisara masoud taherinia Hassan Zalaqi Ahmed SarlakAbstract As the managers due to decision-making and stakeholders, namely investors, tend to predict the occurrence or non-occurrence of financial crisis in the organization under their management, so the present study is aimed to provide a model for predicting this cri MoreAbstract As the managers due to decision-making and stakeholders, namely investors, tend to predict the occurrence or non-occurrence of financial crisis in the organization under their management, so the present study is aimed to provide a model for predicting this crisis. To achieve the research purpose, smart web models including grey wolf, ant colony optimization, particle swarm optimization and genetics algorithms were used. For this purpose, the data obtained from the questionnaire completed by 20 experts in the quality section and the data obtained from 173 companies from 2009 to 2019 listed in the Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE) were used. 38 indices from the categories of macroeconomic indicators, industry factors, corporate characteristics, political, cultural and behavioral events were identified using the review of the theoretical basics. Then, 25 indicators with high impact on the financial crisis were selected using expert opinion and MICMAC analysis. Then, by reviewing the financial statements of 173 companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE) and using Rahavard Novin software, the data were collected from 25 selected indicators and their impact on the financial crisis was examined using gray wolf, ant colony, particle swarm and genetics algorithm to determine the final model of the research. It was found that in terms of efficiency, the ant colony optimization method is the most efficient and the gray wolf method is the least efficient in predicting the financial crisis. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
235 - ارزیابی ، علل و پیامدهای عمده بحران اقتصادی در ایران
محسن رضایی -
Open Access Article
236 - The economic situation of Kurdistan during the First World War (Grain hoarding and crisis)
Kihan Moshir Panahi Mohammad Sheikh Ahmadi Osman Yousefi Mohammad Gurban KianiAbstract With the start of the First World War and the entry of the Ottomans into the battlefield, the scope of the war was also extended to Kurdistan. The presence of the armies of the warring governments in Kurdistan, the personal interests of the local rulers by hoa MoreAbstract With the start of the First World War and the entry of the Ottomans into the battlefield, the scope of the war was also extended to Kurdistan. The presence of the armies of the warring governments in Kurdistan, the personal interests of the local rulers by hoarding grains caused a grain the crisis in Kurdistan and social consequences such as poverty, hunger, corruption, prostitution, in the migration of people from cities and the destruction of villages followed. Research method/approach: The current research is based on historical sources, such as books, documents and press, using a descriptive-analytical approach. Objective: To investigate the grain hoarding and crisis in Kurdistan, the activities and performance of local rulers in the First World War. Findings and conclusions: The presence of the forces involved in the First World War in Kurdistan has disturbed the economic order of the region, the provision of food for these forces from local products, the decrease in the essential food of the people, as well as the hoarding of grains by the owners, the negative and inappropriate performance of the local rulers, and in addition to the problems and the many problems caused by the military forces involved in the war in the Kurdistan region due to their own benefit and the survival of their power have become a factor for increasing the economic and social damage of the region and finally led to hoarding and grain crisis in Kurdistan and caused poverty, hunger, famine and other unfortunate repercussions in Kurdistan. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
237 - A Comparative Study of Iranian-Saudi Foreign Policy in Yemen and Syria Crisis Based on Cubic Crisis Model
farzad jahanbein محمدجواد javadSyria and Yemen are now active focal points of unrest in the West Asian region, and Iran and Saudi Arabia are the most prominent actors in the crisis. An important issue for understanding and managing these two models. The country is in control of developments. The pres MoreSyria and Yemen are now active focal points of unrest in the West Asian region, and Iran and Saudi Arabia are the most prominent actors in the crisis. An important issue for understanding and managing these two models. The country is in control of developments. The present study seeks to answer the question of how the crisis in Iran and Saudi Arabia is perceived in terms of the crisis in Syria and Yemen and how they have managed the developments in these countries. The region is Iran's influence and Yemen is Saudi Arabia's backyard, so according to the three main components of the crisis, namely threat, time and awareness, the two countries differ in their perceptions of these crises. Iran is in an acute and threatening situation at point 'A', but the Yemeni crisis is due to the geographical distance from the direct line. The axis of resistance and the lower threat level for Iran is at the "C" point of the cube. On the other hand, Saudi Arabia considers the Syrian crisis an opportunity, so it is at the "C" point, the Yemeni crisis One of the most acute and threatening issues for Saudi Arabia is at point "A". Research findings indicate that Saudi Arabia and Iran's foreign policy is in sharp conflict with the Syrian and Yemeni crises; . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
238 - The Pan-Americanism of Donald Trump and the growing black's deprivation in the United States; Consequences of racism on micro and macro levels
Abdolreza Alishahi Ali Mohammaddoust Zahra Khodayari AghmiounThe concept of racism can be considered one of the pervasive crises among most societies, both industrial and developing. This concept is basically more tangible among immigrant communities and has had many consequences for their communities meanwhile, The United States MoreThe concept of racism can be considered one of the pervasive crises among most societies, both industrial and developing. This concept is basically more tangible among immigrant communities and has had many consequences for their communities meanwhile, The United States, has faced special challenges with racism throughout its history. Blacks, who were considered complete subjugation of whites and slaves during the 17th and 19th centuries, were able to exercise some of their citizenship rights by repealing the law, but challenges between whites and blacks remain an unresolved dilemma. The US system has remained so much that at times, such a rift has turned into a social and even security crisis. In this article, the authors try to answer to this question: What were the most important actions of Trump against the blacks of this country? And what feedback has these actions had on his government's performance? The authors hypothesize that Trump's actions against blacks during his four-year presidency have led to an escalation of racist actions against them, which has provided important feedback to Trump in the name of the crisis of legitimacy. Feedback on this issue has also been reflected in cultural, social, political and economic issues. The method of the present article is to use the descriptive analytical method and the use of documentary sources. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
239 - Investigating the alignment of the political behavior of the Rouhani government with the mechanisms of the International Crisis Group
Mohamed-Ali Raafat Parvizreza Mirlotfi Ahmadreza TaheriAs the Rouhani administration began its nuclear negotiations with the P5+1, disagreements against various issues, in addition to making it difficult to reach an agreement, prolonged the process. Many NGOs and think tanks offered suggestions on nuclear negotiations and r MoreAs the Rouhani administration began its nuclear negotiations with the P5+1, disagreements against various issues, in addition to making it difficult to reach an agreement, prolonged the process. Many NGOs and think tanks offered suggestions on nuclear negotiations and resolving these differences. The International Crisis Group was one of these NGOs that was able to mediate and make recommendations to the parties to the negotiation process and, in the event of a failure of the negotiations, make recommendations that would be reviewed and sometimes accepted by governments, especially the Rouhani administration. Nin Process ultimately led to the Joint Action Plan Agreement (JCPOA) between the parties.This descriptive-explanatory study seeks to answer the question whether there has been coordination with the mechanisms of the International Crisis Group in some strategic decisions of rouhani's government in the domestic and foreign spheres. The resources of this study have been collected in a library. The results show that there is a consistency between the mechanisms and proposals presented by the International Crisis Group and some of the policies and decisions made by rouhani's government. Insistence on accepting some of the JCPOA provisions, such as reducing enrichment volumes, accepting agency inspectors' oversight of nuclear facilities, and some post-JCPOA proposals such as the approval of the F.A.T.F. or prisoner exchanges, etc. This has been in line with the group's recommendations to Rouhani's government. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
240 - Russia's balancing acts in the 2014 Ukraine crisis
Ali Mousaei Enayatollah Yazdani Mohammadali basiriSince the collapse of the Soviet Union, Ukraine has always been the scene of Russia-West competition due to its identity, geopolitical, geo-economic and economic importance, and has witnessed serious conflicts and various political-security crises. The 2014 Ukraine cris MoreSince the collapse of the Soviet Union, Ukraine has always been the scene of Russia-West competition due to its identity, geopolitical, geo-economic and economic importance, and has witnessed serious conflicts and various political-security crises. The 2014 Ukraine crisis, which began with Russia’s pressure on Ukraine to refuse to join a free trade agreement with the European Union, eventually led to the annexation of the Crimean peninsula to the Russian Federation could also be considered in the context of the same competitions between Russia and the West. A competition that not only started the crisis and annexed Crimea to Russia; Rather, it sharply increased tensions between Russia and the West. Therefore, the main purpose of this article is to answer the questions that why did Russia decide to annex the Crimean peninsula to the Russian Federation, and what effect did this annexation have on the balance of power in the Black Sea region? In this article, with a qualitative method and analytical approach, the research questions in the conceptual context of the balance of threat theory have been examined using library resources. The findings of the article show that the elimination of threats from Ukraine's possible membership in the European Union against Russia's security and national interests has been the reason for Russia's decision to annex Crimea to the Russian Federation. This annexation has also changed the balance of power in favor of Russia vis a vis the West in the Black Sea region. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
241 - Diplomacy of the Resistance of the Islamic Republic of Iran in the Syrian crisis; Dimensions and results
Hossein Mohammadi Sirat Younos KolivandWar and diplomacy are two tools of power management in the international arena. It is clear that diplomacy is a tool that, with the support of the components of power, can lead to the consolidation and education of national interests. One of the most important sources o MoreWar and diplomacy are two tools of power management in the international arena. It is clear that diplomacy is a tool that, with the support of the components of power, can lead to the consolidation and education of national interests. One of the most important sources of power behind diplomacy is semantic and discourse power. Resistance is the main discourse of the Islamic Republic of Iran at the regional and supra-regional level, and the diplomacy of the resistance, backed by the power of this discourse, seeks to ensure the national interests of the Islamic Republic in various international developments, including the Syrian crisis. Explaining the dimensions and results of diplomacy of the resistance of the Islamic Republic of Iran in the Syrian crisis is the main question of the present study. The findings of this study indicate that resistance diplomacy in the Syrian crisis has theoretical and practical dimensions and with the support of field power has established and studied the national interests of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Documentary method and in-depth interviews with the executive elites of the foreign policy of the country have been used to collect the data of this research and descriptive-analytical method has been used to analyze the data. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
242 - track two diplomacy solution for managing international crises
leyli malekmohamadi reza simbar Ahmad JansizDiplomacy has a special place in solving international conflicts. Rather than looking for military solutions in conflict zones, countries will look for less expensive ways. Official diplomacy generally plays the role of promoting peace in the situation of disputes, conf MoreDiplomacy has a special place in solving international conflicts. Rather than looking for military solutions in conflict zones, countries will look for less expensive ways. Official diplomacy generally plays the role of promoting peace in the situation of disputes, conflict and war, but countries in conflict, where there is no way to promote official diplomacy between them, choose another path of diplomacy, which is called path two diplomacy. This type of diplomacy is used for countries in conflict in areas where formal diplomacy becomes virtually impossible due to the high degree of sensitivity resulting from a worldview different from the other's ontological security and lack of trust. Diplomacy is the path of two titles that has been known in the last few decades and has been used with positive results in some regions and countries involved in conflict. In this article, while defining and explaining the meaning of track two diplomacy, we examine its function as well as its opportunities and limitations in international crises. The hypothesis of this research is based on the fact that the use of two-way diplomacy will be the best form of diplomacy to resolve disputes between governments involved in crisis. This is a research-theoretical article, and for this reason, it will be a guide for researchers' case studies. The research method in this article is explanatory and analytical. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
243 - The Feasibility of the Theory of Integration in the Analysis of European Crisis
Ebrahim AghamohammadiAbstract Since the Europe Union, various theories have tried to why, how, and to examine the results of the integration process. Neo functionalists on the spread, inter governmentalizes on talks between the governments and the role of consensus, constructivists on iden MoreAbstract Since the Europe Union, various theories have tried to why, how, and to examine the results of the integration process. Neo functionalists on the spread, inter governmentalizes on talks between the governments and the role of consensus, constructivists on identity issues and intersubjective interaction, institutionalizes on the formation of supranational institutions and the new realists emphasize the balance of power in the international system. After the events of the crisis in Europe are again important to analyze this process thinkers have focused on this area. The question that arises here is whether any of these views can the current situation (crisis) to analyze Europe Union? In other words, which of them can be a good theoretical basis for the analysis of the Europe Union is a crisis situation? In response to this question can be said that more theories can analyze the conditions of the growing Integration. But among them the theories of Inter governmentalize can better analyze the current situation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
244 - European Economic and Social Crisis in the Third Era:England, France, Germany
Habibollah Abolhassan Shirazi Zahra SadeghiAbstract The financial crisis occurred in late 2007 in the United States of America and quickly spread to other parts of the world especially Europe and due to the communication and huge exchange of economic, financial and trade markets of the Europe with the United S MoreAbstract The financial crisis occurred in late 2007 in the United States of America and quickly spread to other parts of the world especially Europe and due to the communication and huge exchange of economic, financial and trade markets of the Europe with the United States of America, it had a great direct effects on the economics of European countries. This crisis in the Europe since the last major economic crisis (1929) has had the greatest economic and social problems and led to the budget deficit, rising unemployment, a sharp decline in GDP, rising debt, the devaluation of the euro and the social unrests in Europe and especially in the three major European countries. England, France and Germany are countries that have better economic conditions of other European countries. Given the fact that the size of relations with America, which had consequently adopted many influences. However from the beginning of the crises, these countries tried to control the policies separately or jointly in groups of 20 industrialized nations, and even implemented. The positive effects will occur and the relative economic recovery continues. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
245 - Russia's Smart Power Policy in Syria, with an emphasis on dealing with America 2011-2023
Habib Allah Abul Hasan Shirazi Ehsan Jafari Far Arsalan Ghorbani SheikhneshinTheSyrian crisis is one of the most complex international crises in terms of the multiplicity of regional and extra-regional actors and the presence of conflicting interests in it. Russia and the United States are trans-regional players in this crisis who, with conflict MoreTheSyrian crisis is one of the most complex international crises in terms of the multiplicity of regional and extra-regional actors and the presence of conflicting interests in it. Russia and the United States are trans-regional players in this crisis who, with conflicting approaches and conflicting interests,seek greater influence in the West Asian region through intervention in the Syrian crisis. In this regard, thetwo countries are seeking to take advantageof this crisis with hard and soft policies and strategies.he conflicting interestsof the two actors have made them try to make the most profit by considering the resources and costs and benefits. In this paper, an attempt will be made to deal with the strategic and intelligent combinationof Russia's soft and hard power against the United States, focusing on the Syrian crisis. The main questionishowRussia asused smart power against American intervention in the Syrian crisis (2011-2023)? In order to examine the issue in the framework of the intelligent power point of view, from Joseph Nye's point of view, the soft power of Russia in the dimensionsofculture,valueandforeignpolicyand thehard powerinthemilitaryand economic dimensions have been discussedThe outcomesof thisresearchshows that in the Syrian field,Russiassoft power has been discussedindimensionsofculture,valueand foreignpolicyand hard powerinthemilitary and economic dimensions.Russia's smart power ha beenusedwithmoreemphasis on soft power to restrain America, and the most important achievement of Russia fromtheuse of smart power, without serious military involvement withAmerica, isto preserve Basharal-Assad'sregime and prevent extensive military action. America against Syriahasbeen taking the initiativeofpeacenegotiations and gaining strategic advantage by signing militaryand conomic contracts Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
246 - Russia and America's Foreign Policy toward the Syrian Crisis
Akbar Ashrafi Amirsaeid Babazadeh JudiWith the passage of time, the Syrian crisis has become one of the most complex political and security challenges in the Middle East. The political development in the region and trans-regional powers provide an arena for Syria to follow in your equations and competition. MoreWith the passage of time, the Syrian crisis has become one of the most complex political and security challenges in the Middle East. The political development in the region and trans-regional powers provide an arena for Syria to follow in your equations and competition. Each of these powers has taken different approaches toward Syria that America and Russia approach as the global superpower is very important. In the views of most analysts, America's foreign policy against the Syrian civil war has been very passive and obscure. The root of the confusion has created an ambiguous foreign policy for the American Strategy dealing with the Islamic awakening in relation to the overall result of confusion on foreign policy, regional and international levels. Russia has supported the Assad government in Syria and almost with a little swing trajectory has followed its position. Russia's position regarding the political developments in the Arabic region has been kind of doubt and the replacement of governments in the region in the current situation is not in favor of his Middle Eastern policy and considers it destabilizing the region. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
247 - The Origins of Ukraine Crisis and Its Impact on Islamic Republic of Iran’s National Interest
Ehsan Fallahi Asdollah AmeriAbstract In the age of globalization, political, economic and military issues have intertwined. So crisis in one region affects the interests of actors in the other regions. Ukraine as one of the Soviet Republics survivors had been faced with multiple crises, which Zen MoreAbstract In the age of globalization, political, economic and military issues have intertwined. So crisis in one region affects the interests of actors in the other regions. Ukraine as one of the Soviet Republics survivors had been faced with multiple crises, which Zenith of it was United States and Russia Confrontation about Crimea Peninsula. This article tries to answer the following question: what are the origins of Ukraine Crisis in 2014? And what is the impact of Russia and United states confrontations in Ukraine crisis on Iran national interest? “Ukraine crisis has origin in Competition of U.S.A and Russia that has emerged in Orange and Blue Revaluation. This crisis has strengthened the relations between Tehran- Moscow, in order to fulfill Iran's national interests. To test this claim, Iran’s National interests have been investigated in local, regional and international level. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
248 - Trump's Middle East Policy; A Case Study: the Syrian crisis and American missile attack
Amir sajediThe Trump's foreign policy towards the Middle East has been criticized by many governments over the past year. The Trump's racist policies, the removal of the United States from the Paris pact, the missile attack on the Syrian air base, the threat of getting out from Co MoreThe Trump's foreign policy towards the Middle East has been criticized by many governments over the past year. The Trump's racist policies, the removal of the United States from the Paris pact, the missile attack on the Syrian air base, the threat of getting out from Comprehensive Joint Action Program , the transfer of the US embassy to Jerusalem, all reflect his different foreign policy from its predecessor (Obama). This kind of Trump foreign policy is due to his unusual behavior and personality. Six years after the onset of the conflict in Syria with the ensuing stalemate we had slowly moved to a possibility of a negotiated settlement through discussions which were inconclusive but however ongoing. The unilateral missile attack order by President Trump on the Al-Shaeirat airbase, led the armed group opposing the Assad regime to show less desire to engage in peace discussion. Our main concern in this paper is to analysis the change of tactics by the new U.S. president and there cause thereof. We hold that the private lives of the politicians, their education, their political history, the formative experiences of their public life, their physical, and mental health affects their personal and public decisions. The changed positions of Trump and his ensuing policy show the desire of his administration to rest on the American military superiority and its will to renew the era of the US adventurism in hot spot such as the Middle East. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
249 - Russia's Policy in the Syrian Crisis and Its Consequences on Iran's National Interests
Rouhollah Darayandeh hamid ahmadiAbstract In the past few years, the Syrian crisis has become one of the most important issues in the international system and has attracted worldwide attention. Syria has become competition field for the regional and international powers which each plays a role accordin MoreAbstract In the past few years, the Syrian crisis has become one of the most important issues in the international system and has attracted worldwide attention. Syria has become competition field for the regional and international powers which each plays a role according to their goals and interests. Meanwhile, the Russian Federation has always been one of the most influential international players which has played a decisive role in this field. Hence, In this article the cause and manners of Russia's policies and actions toward the Syrian crisis have been studied. Besides, knowing the fact that developments in Syria and the Russian's approach to it, has direct and indirect implications for the national interests of the Islamic Republic of Iran, a comprehensive review of this topic has also been made. Anyway, the main issue is that what’s Russia's policy on the Syrian crisis and its consequences for Iran's national interests? The hypothesis suggests that Russia's policy in the Syrian crisis is an attempt to create a balance in the international system and confronting existing threats posed by the United States over the security and national interests of the country which is in line with Iranian policies that provide its national interests. Nevertheless, differences in the attitudes of the two countries and their types of activism can create challenges. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
250 - European Union's Relations with Emerging Powers, Challenges and Conflicts
Mohammadreza majidi Alireza SamudiAbstract BRIC (consisting of Brazil, Russia, India, China) was first introduced in 2001 by Jim O'Neill. The purpose of this action also refer to existing capabilities in economies such as Brazil, Russia, India and China will play a role in the global arena, because the MoreAbstract BRIC (consisting of Brazil, Russia, India, China) was first introduced in 2001 by Jim O'Neill. The purpose of this action also refer to existing capabilities in economies such as Brazil, Russia, India and China will play a role in the global arena, because these states had been successful in recent years with the organization closer to its positions and views on the successes achieved in the international arena and its economic power to the political lever. In the past decade, these powers has relied on their economic powers in calling for stronger and more influential role in the international financial and monetary policy. On the other hand, the European Uunion as the second economic power due to economic crisis involved with a wide range of challenges and attempted to maintain its position in the international arena to face the emerging powers. Indeed, Brussels is in competition with members of Brix in areas such as global governance and the role of the international system. This paper attempts to analyze European Union's relations with emerging powers of BRIC. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
251 - Impact of Barjam on Iran's Position in West Asian Equations
Kabak Khabiri Manouchehr MohammadiMultilateral agreements among countries of the world relating to challenging issues it usually leads to the role of the parties in the developments after such agreements. A comprehensive joint action plan had for Iran such a tool decree as long as Iran will be Isolated MoreMultilateral agreements among countries of the world relating to challenging issues it usually leads to the role of the parties in the developments after such agreements. A comprehensive joint action plan had for Iran such a tool decree as long as Iran will be Isolated with effort plan to build nuclear weapons, with this agreement, it became an effective player in international bargaining. The Barjam was more than a decade of tension and ineffective negotiations with the Western side. In the atmosphere of post Barjam, Iran officially entered the economic club and regional and world politics. This article seeks to answer this question that Iran's engagement with the international community in the post Barjam what has influenced the role of the country in West Asia and the world? This paper examines the hypothesis that Iran is in the aftermath of the Barjam exit from a previously controlled position and play as an active actor in regional crisis management and this has led to a shift in the balance of power in the region to the detriment of Saudi Arabia and Turkey. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
252 - The Paradox of America's Foreign Policy in Syrian Crises
Mohammad sadegh Kooshki Mahjobeh KarimiIn the view of most analysts, the US foreign policy in the Syrian civil war has been very passive and ambiguous. Over the four years of civil war in Syria passed and the US has failed to adopt a firm stance against the crisis and arming the opposition, or full-scale mil MoreIn the view of most analysts, the US foreign policy in the Syrian civil war has been very passive and ambiguous. Over the four years of civil war in Syria passed and the US has failed to adopt a firm stance against the crisis and arming the opposition, or full-scale military attack on Syria remains uncertain. The resulting discontent among some American allies like Saudi Arabia and passive policies of Washington was considered. The root of this confusion was the ambiguous foreign policy strategy in relation to the confrontation with the Islamic awakening and overall outcome of US confusion in foreign policy at regional and international levels was evident. America’s credibility and global power relations on the one hand and undermine Washington's allies like Saudi Arabia and Israel in this regard can be summarized Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
253 - EU financial and Economic Crisis and European Political and Security Integration
Alireza Ghorbanpour Najafabadi Mahnaz GudarziAbstract 2007 can be considered as the beginning of one of the deepest and most influential global crisis. The financial and economic crisis that hit keys from the States of America spread among the other member countries of the capitalist system. European Union as one MoreAbstract 2007 can be considered as the beginning of one of the deepest and most influential global crisis. The financial and economic crisis that hit keys from the States of America spread among the other member countries of the capitalist system. European Union as one of the most important actors in the international system with the liberal democratic foundation was not an exception to this. But what makes it different for prominent analysts is the impact of the crisis on the process of political and security integration of European Union. Since the beginning of formation of the crisis, the impact of that on the political and security integration was the major question for analysts. This article seeks to answer this question with the analytical methods. This article believes that given the economic foundation of European integration -despite the EU's success in managing the crisis- financial and economic crisis has hurt the political and security integration of Europe and due to the slow pace of economic recovery and the fragility of Europe's economy, its threatening shadow over the political and security integration is maintained. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
254 - The opposition between Russia and the United States in Ukraine and its impact on the national interests of Iran
Mohammad Nonejad Morteza KarimiRelations between Russia and the United States have been accompanied by ups and downs in recent years, and issues such as maintaining and expanding influence in the periphery of Russia, geopolitical energy transmission lines, the deployment of the US missile defense sys MoreRelations between Russia and the United States have been accompanied by ups and downs in recent years, and issues such as maintaining and expanding influence in the periphery of Russia, geopolitical energy transmission lines, the deployment of the US missile defense system and NATO in Eastern Europe, the nuclear issue of Iran, and North Korea has had a great deal of influence on these relationships. In the meantime, the crisis in Ukraine can be regarded as a turning point in the development of relations between Russia and the United States, indicating a peak of disagreements and geopolitical rivalries on both sides. Given that the international nature of the crisis in Ukraine will have profound consequences on international relations. In the era of globalization, regional and global conditions have been interwoven. Therefore, the crisis in one region affects the interests of actors in other areas. Ukraine has faced several crises since its independence, with its peak in 2014 and the US-Russian opposition to it. Accordingly, the previous article seeks to answer these questions, which is the origins of the 2014 crisis in Ukraine. What has the Russian-American opposition to the crisis in Ukraine affected the national interests of the Islamic Republic of Iran? The hypothesis of this study is that the crisis in Ukraine was rooted in the Russian-American rivalry that appeared in the Orange, Blue and the Crisis of 2014, so that the crisis would strengthen the Moscow-Tehran relationship in line with Realization of national interests of Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
255 - A Comparative Study to Iran - Turkey's Foreign Policy toward Syrian Crisis base on Constructivism Theory
mohammad mahmoodikia Abbas Farhadi Abstract: The Syrian crisis has been one of the most devastating and the most complicated issues of international concerns over the past decades. A crisis that, due to the prolonged time, multiplicity of actors in it, as well as a conflict of interests has conver More Abstract: The Syrian crisis has been one of the most devastating and the most complicated issues of international concerns over the past decades. A crisis that, due to the prolonged time, multiplicity of actors in it, as well as a conflict of interests has converted to an arena for rivalry of the regional and world powers. In this regard, Iran and Turkey, as two powerful regional actors, have a great influence on the political and political developments in the crisis. Iran seeks to ensure the survival of resistance in the region, to increase its credibility and influence in the region and the Islamic world, and to promote its international standing, while Turkey, due to some geopolitical concerns, has pursued its strategic depth of policy and its promotion as the leadership of the Islamic world within the framework of Revives the glory of the Ottoman Empire. Given the high role played by normative components in defining the foreign policy behavior of these two influential actors, this study is due to constructive analysis of the foreign-policy action of Iran and Turkey towards the Syrian crisis in 2011-2017. The question posed in this regard relies on the proposition that due to the different construction of the identities and interests of these two actors, we see different patterns of behavior in this case, which witnesses, through common security threats, some effects of cooperation and, as a result of the basic identity issues, witnessed effects of oppression And compete. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
256 - The role of identity in shaping and guiding the policies of the Islamic Republic of Iran in response to the Syrian crisis
saman mohammadi mahdi zakerianThe wave of revolutions in Arab countries has had a great impact on the strategic position and interests of Iran's regions. The most important of these waves is the arrival of its regional ally, Syria, led by Bashar al-Assad. From the beginning of the unrest, Iran's sup MoreThe wave of revolutions in Arab countries has had a great impact on the strategic position and interests of Iran's regions. The most important of these waves is the arrival of its regional ally, Syria, led by Bashar al-Assad. From the beginning of the unrest, Iran's support for the Syrian regime was clear. The Islamic Republic of Iran followed the developments in Syria with special care and sensitivity, and as an important regional actor and power, tried to take action in order to maintain strategic relations with this country and also to protect its national and regional interests. To take positions in support of the government of Bashar al-Assad in Syria. Therefore, the present article seeks to answer the question of what factors and requirements have influenced the policy and stance of the Islamic Republic of Iran towards the Syrian crisis? The present article, while pointing to the realistic dimensions of Iran's foreign policy, based on the identity components of the Islamic Republic of Iran, analyzes the country's positions on the Syrian crisis. In general, the present study suggests that Iran's foreign policy, and in particular its participation in the Syrian civil war, reflects pragmatism aimed at maintaining the balance of power and maximizing its security while maintaining and expanding revolutionary identity (including religious ethics and normative values). ) have been. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
257 - The Role of Ethnicities in Search of Political New Federalism of Iraq
Bijan Nayeri Mohamadamin AnsariAbstract Iraq after the overturn of Saddam and formation of new political institutions and recognition of all ethnicities and religions in the Constitution was affected by a dramatic social revolution. The features of political geography in Iraq led to its breakdown in MoreAbstract Iraq after the overturn of Saddam and formation of new political institutions and recognition of all ethnicities and religions in the Constitution was affected by a dramatic social revolution. The features of political geography in Iraq led to its breakdown into north, center and south, each with its own origin. In northern and Kurd-residing regions, their main concern is to establish federalism and adding Kirkuk (the area in conflict between Kurds, Sunni Arabs, and Turkmens, with 40% of Iraqi oil) Of course, making such a claim has led to riffles between Kurds and Arabs (Shiite and Sunni) and in these areas, Kurds are placed against Arabs. In southern mainly Shiite areas (60% of Iraq oil), affected somehow by Shiites in neighboring countries (mainly Islamic Republic of Iran), this has led to Conflicts between Sunni Arabs and Kurds against Shiite in charge of government. But in the central area which is host of Sunni Arabs, reasons such as bad climate and lack of appropriate soil for agriculture and lack of oil causes that whenever Kurdish federalism and Shiite federalism is proposed, Sunni Arabs against Kurds and Shiites. In Iraqi administrative system, undesirable management quality makes mangers be interested in their ethnic interests instead of seeking administrative system efficiency, and this creates hater in other groups and ethnicities. Another barrier against national unity, is the paradox in creating national government, as a barrier against security and democracy and makes governance patterns in the region affect that and add to this paradox. In this article, the inside of Iraqi society and the relationship between ethnicities and competitions inside the government to attain political power and seize governmental posts are studied. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
258 - South Caucasia Regional Integration: Obstacles and Challenges from the viewpoint of the Islamic Republic of Iran
Jamshid SorayaAbstract The fall of the U.S.S.R. and the establishment of the Commonwealth of Independent States (C.I.S), created a new situation in the northern borders of the Islamic Republic of Iran. This article intends to study the regional integration in the South Caucasia, bas MoreAbstract The fall of the U.S.S.R. and the establishment of the Commonwealth of Independent States (C.I.S), created a new situation in the northern borders of the Islamic Republic of Iran. This article intends to study the regional integration in the South Caucasia, based on integrative approaches. The objective of this paper is in fact to analyze the possibility of integration of the Azerbaijan republics with those of Armenia and Georgia, drawing on Cantori and Spiegel theories of integration, and the effect of this integration on the interests of the Islamic Republic of Iran. At the end, the author aims to examine the obstacles in the development of relation between the Islamic Republic of Iran and the South Caucasian states. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
259 - Identity Crisis and nation, State Cleavage in Globalization Era: Language & Religion consequences on national Identity in Tajikistan and Kazakhstan
Abdulali Ghavam Neda MohamadAbstract Identity is one of the basic concepts in humankind's life and in addition, is one of the most important changed concepts in Globalization era and Post modernism ideas. Although, Identities will lose their past functions and this may cause identity crisis. Mean MoreAbstract Identity is one of the basic concepts in humankind's life and in addition, is one of the most important changed concepts in Globalization era and Post modernism ideas. Although, Identities will lose their past functions and this may cause identity crisis. Meanwhile, states that have powerful and effective functions in the past are losing their power and function, subsequently try to keep their power by a kind of limited meaning system to describe their own constructed identity and make this kind of identity as a symbol of national identity by using of force, threatening, pressure, censorship and so on. As a result, this could cause the division of state and nation, increasing state's independence and finally nation and state cleavage. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
260 - Analyzing the approach of the Islamic Republic of Iran in the Syrian crisis using the theory of resistance
Hasan Larti Hamed Mohagheghnia Rohollah Shahabinia Lena AbdolkhaniThe conflict in Syria, which first started with popular protests and then led to a civil war and the confrontation of armed opposition and terrorist groups with Bashar al-Assad's government, involved many actors in this conflict. Some countries supported the opposition MoreThe conflict in Syria, which first started with popular protests and then led to a civil war and the confrontation of armed opposition and terrorist groups with Bashar al-Assad's government, involved many actors in this conflict. Some countries supported the opposition of Bashar al-Assad and made every effort to overthrow the ruling system. There were actors who took a step towards the support and survival of Bashar al-Assad's government. The Islamic Republic of Iran was one of the leading actors of this front, which, upon entering the conflict scene, played a key and undeniable role in changing the conditions of the war. This research is based on the basis of why the Islamic Republic of Iran had a direct participation in the Syrian war and what theory can explain and analyze this participation? To answer these questions, Iran's approach after the Islamic Revolution should be examined. An approach that is based on resistance, negation of the domination system, deterrence, fighting against the Zionist regime, supporting liberation movements and increasing regional influence and power. Therefore, with the escalation of the conflict and war in Syria, the Islamic Republic of Iran, which considered the destruction of the Syrian regime to mean the weakening and disintegration of the axis of resistance, the reduction of its deterrent power and regional power, by calculating the ideological, geopolitical and strategic commonalities between itself and the regime Syria had an active and decisive participation in the crisis and provided the basis for the survival of the Assad regime and its strategic alliance with Syria. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
261 - Applying the political economy approach to analyze geopolitical crises and achieve regional convergence in the Middle East
Ismail Makrami Haider Lotfi Majid Wali Shariat Panahi Ali Asghar Ismailpour RoshanThe Middle East is a crisis-prone region in various political, military, social, cultural and, of course, economic dimensions. Naturally, many researches have been done on these crises and their explanations from different angles. The main goal of the current research i MoreThe Middle East is a crisis-prone region in various political, military, social, cultural and, of course, economic dimensions. Naturally, many researches have been done on these crises and their explanations from different angles. The main goal of the current research is to analyze and investigate the economic and political characteristics of geopolitical crises in the Middle East from the point of view of political geography experts. The research question is, what are the most important political economic characteristics of geopolitical crises in the Middle East from the point of view of political geography experts? This research is applied in terms of purpose and exploratory in terms of nature, and in terms of results, it is developmental research. In order to identify the characteristics of geopolitical crises in the Middle East, the meta-analysis method will be used from the results of 13 researches identified in Iran. The meta-analysis results of these researches will lead to the identification of geopolitical crises in the Middle East. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
262 - بحران مالی جهانی و مدیریت سود در شرکتهای پذیرفته شده در بورس اوراق بهادار تهران
مهدی عرب صالحی سمانه باری اسحاق بهشور -
Open Access Article
263 - The Survey of Operating Cash Flows’ Ability to Meature Firm Performance during Periods of Financial Crises with Emphasis on Disclosure Qualification
رضا صید خانی عطاالله محمدی ملقرنی پیمان امینیAbstractChoosing the right index to evaluate performance has always been one of the ‎most challenging topics in the field of capital market studies. Proving the ‎ability of accounting profits or its derivatives to evaluate corporate ‎performance and excellen MoreAbstractChoosing the right index to evaluate performance has always been one of the ‎most challenging topics in the field of capital market studies. Proving the ‎ability of accounting profits or its derivatives to evaluate corporate ‎performance and excellence in competing with other criteria is one of the ‎major concerns of accounting researchers and investors. While profits are a ‎major source of cash flow and wealth generation, the results of many studies ‎have shown that operating cash flows seem to be more important in valuations ‎apparently. Therefore, the main purpose of this study is to investigate the ‎capability and superiority of operating cash flow (OCF) in performance ‎appraisal on earning per share (EPS). The statistical population of the present ‎study includes all non-financial corporations listed in Tehran Stock Exchange ‎. According to ‎Zmijewski’s bankruptcy model, the firms of ‎the sample are divided into two groups: safety (healthy) and financial ‎distressed companies and research’s time period is divided into two parts as ‎normal and crises period. Based on the selected sample and the use of multiple ‎regression tests, the research findings show that before disclosure quality ‎index, the EPS criterion outperforms the OCF criterion. However, in the ‎absence of disclosure quality, naturally due to uncertainty, performance ‎measurement based on operating cash flows becomes more important than the ‎EP Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
264 - Designing Social Policy Strategies in Issues and Crises of the Social Security Organization of Iran
gholam hossein agahi ali jafari ashab habib zadeh Mohammad RahimiSocial policy is a set of actions that governments put on the agenda to deal with social crises, especially in the areas of hygiene, education, housing, welfare and social security, which has an effective role in improving the functions of the Social Security Organizati MoreSocial policy is a set of actions that governments put on the agenda to deal with social crises, especially in the areas of hygiene, education, housing, welfare and social security, which has an effective role in improving the functions of the Social Security Organization. Accordingly, the purpose of this article is to design a social policy model for the issues and crises of the Social Security Organization. In order to achieve the social policy model, using purposive sampling method and due to theoretical saturation, eleven professors, experts and people with work experience in the field of Social Security Organization were interviewed in-depth semi-structured and then the resulting data were analyzed through open, axial and selective coding. Research findings show that the government and the Social Security Organization should apply the four strategies of education, propaganda and promotion of insurance culture to citizens, emphasis on research and futures studies, land planning and codified planning and convergence of economic partners, government, the parliament and the organization should implement appropriate policies in the field of social security issues and crises. In other words, it is through the presentation of this policy and attention to these strategies that in the interaction of the Social Security Organization and government institutions, the independence of the organization and crisis management will emerge. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
265 - Effect of Financial Health Indicators as Symbols of Bank Financial Crisis Using Logit Model Multivariate (A Case Study of Banks Accepted in Exchange)
alireza atefifar zadollah fathiThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of financial health indicators as indicators of banking financial crisis by applying multivariate logit models (case study of banks accepted in the stock exchange). For this purpose, among the banks accepted MoreThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of financial health indicators as indicators of banking financial crisis by applying multivariate logit models (case study of banks accepted in the stock exchange). For this purpose, among the banks accepted in the exchange, 9 banks were selected for sample. This research is a correlation research and the methodology of the present research is post-event type. A combination of two methods of field and library was used for collecting data. We used logistic regression to analyze the findings. We also used the fuzzy technique for the AHP technique to prioritize the main criteria. According to the findings of the research, according to the choice of the Enter method for data entry, based on the sig statistic, the 4 variable variables (LQ4, LQ1, CA1 and LQ2) were significant. Based on the results of the Logit model, only four financial ratios among the ratios of Kaml introduced in the correct ranking of the banks studied are based on Camel's combined value. Also, according to Delphi technique, the quality of management with the normal weight of 0.221 is the highest priority. The asset quality with a normal weight of 0.104 in the second priority, a confidence with a normal weight of 0.085 in the third priority, capital adequacy with a normal weight of 0.075 in the fourth priority and profitability with The normal weight of 0.070 was in the top priority. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
266 - The Investigation of Contagion Unanticipated Shocks in Iranian Financial Markets by DFGM Approach
Boshra Tiemoori Ghodratollah Emamverdi Aliasghar Esmaeeilniya ktabi Shahriar NessabianIn this study, we investigated of contagion unanticipated shocks of oil price, exchange rate and gold price on the stock market in Iran using DFGM model, aiming to explain the dependence of financial markets in times of fluctuation financial markets in times of volatili MoreIn this study, we investigated of contagion unanticipated shocks of oil price, exchange rate and gold price on the stock market in Iran using DFGM model, aiming to explain the dependence of financial markets in times of fluctuation financial markets in times of volatility. The data includes weekly Tehran Price Index, gold price, oil price and exchange rate from November 2008 to August 2019. The results show that about 99% of the exchange rate fluctuations and the total stock price index in the pre-crisis period are explained by the specific factor. But after the currency shock in January 2018, it was observed that at the end of the year 2018, 88 and 63 percent of the exchange rate fluctuations and the total price index of Tehran Stock, were explained by contagion factor, respectively. The results also show that the currency crisis (currency fluctuations), it has contagioned to the stock market. In addition, evidence of the impact of oil and gold price shocks on the Tehran Stock Total Price Index and the exchange rate was obtained. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
267 - Measuring the severity size and direction of fluctuations or exchange rate shocks in the money, capital and insurance markets
Sara Vahabzadeh Mir Feiz Fallah Amirreza Keyghobadi Mehdi MaadanchiIn the past years, financial markets have faced uncertainties such as financial crises, oil shocks, changes in currency policies and similar cases. The statistical population in the current research are financial intermediaries such as insurance, banks, active investmen MoreIn the past years, financial markets have faced uncertainties such as financial crises, oil shocks, changes in currency policies and similar cases. The statistical population in the current research are financial intermediaries such as insurance, banks, active investment companies (PGPIC) in the stock market on a daily basis in 1990-98. For the insurance market, by increasing one unit of its efficiency, the value at risk of the whole system decreases by 0.016. With the increase of one unit of its yield, the value at risk decreases by 0.051. With an increase of a unit or one percent of profit in the banking sector, the efficiency of the whole system increases by 0.0014. The results of estimating the value exposed to conditional differential risk indicate that the share of value exposed to conditional risk of capital is equal to 0.045, bank 0.026 and insurance 0.037, and the value exposed to conditional risk of capital and insurance sector is more and bank is less, and the share of value exposed to conditional risk of capital equals 0.045, bank 0.026 and insurance 0.037, which means the value exposed to conditional risk of capital and insurance sector is more and bank is less. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
268 - Modelling of appropriate pattern in order to forecast systemic liquidity risk of corporate stocks in capital market of Iran, by using multivariate GARCH models and Markov switching approach
Seied Hamid Reza Sadat Shekarab Fereydon Ohadi mohsen Seighaly Mirfaze FallahThis research aims to model and present an appropriate pattern in order to forecast systemic liquidity risk of corporate stocks in capital market of Iran. For this purpose, 486 listed companies in Tehran stock exchange and OTC from 2011 to 2020 were sampled and then the MoreThis research aims to model and present an appropriate pattern in order to forecast systemic liquidity risk of corporate stocks in capital market of Iran. For this purpose, 486 listed companies in Tehran stock exchange and OTC from 2011 to 2020 were sampled and then the companies were divided into four groups (portfolios) according to combination of indicators and types of activites of companies. Then by using types of multivariate GARCH models and comparing them, finanlly the VAR(1)-DBEKK(1,2) was selected as an optimum pattern . The results of research showed significant relationships among of liquidity shocks and volatilities with all of subsections, and consequently the main hypothesis based on “presence of systemic liquidity risk of corporate stocks in capital market of Iran” was accepted. In a way that the portfolios of company stocks with a “low level of liquidity- industry section” and “low level of liquidity- financial section” respectively had maximum and minimum liquidity shocks transmission of effects on future returns of the other portfolios, as well as the portfolio with a “high level of liquidity- financial section” had maximum volatility persistence and liquidity risk transmission to other portfolios. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
269 - Role of Rural Organizations in Water Resources Management: A Case Study in Pistachio Producing Areas in Kerman Province, Iran
Mohammad Abdolahi Ezzatabadi Reza Sedaghat -
Open Access Article
270 - Providing Logistic Model for Decision-Making in Times of Crisis
Amirhossein AbdolalipourThe aim of this research is to find an optimum way for the movement of manpower and military equipment in times of crisis by spending the possible least time. To this end, beginning with a review of existing studies in the field of moving troops which were effective fac MoreThe aim of this research is to find an optimum way for the movement of manpower and military equipment in times of crisis by spending the possible least time. To this end, beginning with a review of existing studies in the field of moving troops which were effective factors in the modeling were extracted. Prioritization and selection of units deployable to crisis point, with the design of a fuzzy multi-criteria decision-making models is done according to metrics such as customer orientation, fast response, records of performance, flexibility, and distance technology to improve the ranking and fuzzy weights of the units. Considering opinions of military experts, to determine the nearest route ground transport logistics in military operations using geographic information system was implemented. By designing a linear allocation programming model, every unit of available transport facilities allocated in such a way that opportunity - cost become minimal. Finally, network of deployment projects and people and equipment unit or units selected by the related time of transportation facilities allocated was designed that enables the total deployable forces and equipment of the unit or units and calculation of the critical path of the project identifyable, control and management. The results showed that for selected units to move and logistics units to the hypothetical assumption of the origin of the crisis, regarding to taking time out of vehicle trips on the shortest route and times, 60 hours will take from the moment of notification of the order for handling and logistics of the entire selected units. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
271 - Predicting systematic banking crisis in selected developed countries by multiple logit method
Mohammad Reza Asgarian Saeed Daei Karimzadeh Hossein Sharifi RenaniIn this paper, in order to deal with systematic banking crises that lead to turmoil in various economic sectors, using the multiple logit method, the factors affecting the probability of banking crises in 27 selected developed countries during the period 1994-2018 were MoreIn this paper, in order to deal with systematic banking crises that lead to turmoil in various economic sectors, using the multiple logit method, the factors affecting the probability of banking crises in 27 selected developed countries during the period 1994-2018 were predicted. The results indicate the positive effect of inflation rate variables in the pre- and post-crisis period and the positive effect of the percentage of real interest rate changes in the post-crisis period on the probability of banking crisis. Economic growth rate and per capita production had a positive effect on the likelihood of a banking crisis in the pre-crisis period, but given the negative effect of these two variables in the post-crisis period, Granting bank loans to the private sector in the pre-crisis period had a negative effect on the likelihood of a banking crisis and doing it in the post-crisis period had a positive effect on it. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
272 - A review of investment ethics with the approach of financial crises
Ali Hazaveh Mahdi Madanchi ZajPurpose: The purpose of this research is to create a model of ethical decision-making that applies to accountants and the accounting profession. In this research, an integrated pattern of five factors affecting ethical decision-making by accountants was identified, whic MorePurpose: The purpose of this research is to create a model of ethical decision-making that applies to accountants and the accounting profession. In this research, an integrated pattern of five factors affecting ethical decision-making by accountants was identified, which include professional codes of conduct, philosophical orientation, religious orientation, values derived from culture, and moral maturity.Research Methodology: The present study is a review study in which the articles indexed in scientific databases such as Academic Jihad Scientific Information Center, Marja Danesh, Noor specialized magazines database and financial analysis publication were made. Research texts from 1992 to the end of 2023 have been examined. In this study, the researchers searched and extracted the valid English articles from the valid electronic sources by using the determined keywords, and by examining the full texts of these articles, they described the obtained data in a classified manner.Findings: According to the findings of the research, most of the financial crises are caused by the non-observance of ethics in decision-making processes, and following ethical principles in decisions and professional behavior can prevent society from moving towards financial crises in the long term.Originality / Value: Based on the findings of the research, it was finally determined that the ethical requirements in investment is one of the categories of the model of ethics in investing in the financial crisis. The organization and development of the capital market depends on the regulation of the structure of the financial market in accordance with the macroeconomic characteristics and the coordinates of the companies active in the country's economy. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
273 - Designing a Crisis Management Model with a Human Resources Approach (Case Study: Kermanshah Province Earthquake)
shahram kahrizi HASAN alodariWhat turns an earthquake into a devastating catastrophe is the confrontation of human phenomena and anthropogenic factors with this natural phenomenon. One of the most important factors that increase or decrease the amount of damage and human casualties in the event of MoreWhat turns an earthquake into a devastating catastrophe is the confrontation of human phenomena and anthropogenic factors with this natural phenomenon. One of the most important factors that increase or decrease the amount of damage and human casualties in the event of natural disasters, including earthquakes, is crisis management. The purpose of this study is to design a crisis management model with emphasis on human resources in Kermanshah earthquake. The method of this research is a qualitative approach with theme analysis. The statistical population of this study was all the literature in the field of crisis management models with a focus on human resources. The sample of this study included 11 related theories in the field of crisis management models based on focus on human resources. Library method was used to collect research data. Data analysis of this study was performed using Nvivo software. The results showed that the crisis management model with the human resources approach can be examined in three main stages: pre-crisis measures, crisis measures and post-crisis measures. Pre-crisis measures included themes to strengthen human resource efficiency, preventive measures, human resource training, and identification of early signs. Crisis measures included human resource preparedness. Post-crisis measures also included themes, identification and evaluation, limiting losses, and the ability to rebuild Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
274 - Design strategic model for crisis management in the petrochemical industry
ebrahim rahimi habibolah javanmard seyedakbar nili pourtabatabaiAlways, in real mode there is the possibility of events that can Organizations and industries the casing of crisis. To avoid severe crisis and is immune against threats and disasters is essential crisis management. It seems, investigate the important factors before the MoreAlways, in real mode there is the possibility of events that can Organizations and industries the casing of crisis. To avoid severe crisis and is immune against threats and disasters is essential crisis management. It seems, investigate the important factors before the crisis, during and after the crisis, allowing to managers to make decisions and take appropriate action at each step. The main objective of this paper is to explain the indicators of crisis management in the petrochemical industry by using factor analysis. To achieve this purpose, first identify the indicators of crisis management. Then a questionnaire with 96 items was designed and by 60 managers and experts familiar with the issue of crisis management in the Shahzand petrochemical industry was completed. Data analyzed using factor analysis and using SPSS software. Factor analysis, 2 factors for the prevention and for the preparation of pre-crisis 8 factors extracted. To respond dimension during a crisis stage, 4 factors and for post-reaction dimension at a stage later the crisis 11 factor have been extracted. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
275 - Analysis of Research literature's Discourse of the Iranian Cultural Identity
alireza hosainipakdehi arash heydari yaghobi moradianThis paper aims to study the cultural identity and its crisis-construction in research literature of Iran. For this purpose, reviewing published research text in domestic journal, we analyze the mechanism of their dominant discourse in crisis-construction the concept of MoreThis paper aims to study the cultural identity and its crisis-construction in research literature of Iran. For this purpose, reviewing published research text in domestic journal, we analyze the mechanism of their dominant discourse in crisis-construction the concept of Iranian cultural identity. Studying the relation between cultural identity with globalization, this paper pursue the general solidarity, knotting, text spaces, positive and negative points throughout the text, abstruseness, defaults and tacit meanings of these texts. In second phase, for determining the situation related to existence of crisis in cultural identity, a grounded research is done among 75 students abroad and 75 student inside. The finding show that the cultural identity status inside and outside is against claims based on crisis. The perception about it is resulted from meta-historical and strict approach. The other point illustrates that the domestic pattern is more religious and Islamic than abroad one. Also, there is not a meaningful difference between cultural identities in two sides. But the cultural identity of abroad student is more than domestic one in terms of Iranian elements. Another finding shows that there is not any meaningful difference in the general mark of cultural identity. Finally the quantity finding has been analyzed related to findings of discourse analysis. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
276 - Cultural Crisisology of International Relations in 2016 Based on Herman’s Crisis Cube Model
Ehsan Taheri Hajivand Although the long-lasting hegemony of realism school on the theoretical part of international relations and existence of permanent gloomy shadow of war on human life which has led to World War, Cold War and at the present time, vicarious wars and terrori More Although the long-lasting hegemony of realism school on the theoretical part of international relations and existence of permanent gloomy shadow of war on human life which has led to World War, Cold War and at the present time, vicarious wars and terrorism and although it has allocated no place for non-political, non-military, and insecurity problems in international relations, this problem does not deny the role and significance of culture and cultural crises in international relations; therefore, it is inevitable for international relations to study and analyze the same. By posing the question “how are cultural crises in international relations in 2016 analyzed and interpreted based on Herman Crisis Cube Model?” and adopting qualitative content analysis based on the said model, the present study deals with the hypothesis that “destructions of Sa’a Qadima Church, Assyrian Ancient Wall, and some parts of Palmyra Castle have been among the previously planned and predictable crises containing severe threats with long-term effect that lead to cultural and identity clearing. In this regard, the destructions of New Delhi’s National Museum of Natural History, Puttingal Temple, Church of Sant'Agostino, and as well as demolition of Rotbav Tower have been among the newly-emerged and shocking crises which have severe threats and long-term effect causing identity clearance. On the other hand, religious impatience in Myanmar and Bahrain are among the reflective and predictable crises with severe threats and short-term effects leading to religious clearings. Finally, the globalization project or process, refugees’ crisis and cultural invasion are among the planned and predictable crises with severe threats and long-term effect times which lead to destruction of cultural variety, violation of cultural security in Europe, and identity clearing. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
277 - Site Selection for Temporary Housing after Earthquake in Kerman City Using Multi-Criteria Decision Making Methods
Shahram Ariafar Fatemeh ShojaeiWorldwide every year, many people lose their lives and their homes due to natural disasters. Providing appropriate places for establishment of relief centers and resettling displaced people after an earthquake is one of the most important things in planning and crisis m MoreWorldwide every year, many people lose their lives and their homes due to natural disasters. Providing appropriate places for establishment of relief centers and resettling displaced people after an earthquake is one of the most important things in planning and crisis management. In this article, the city of Kerman has been selected and studied due to its high earthquake potential, in order to locate temporary settlements for the population affected by a possible earthquake. To do so, initially, three potential sites for temporary accommodation and effective criteria to rank them were identified. Afterward, the weights of the criterion were determined using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), and finally, sites were prioritized using TOPSIS and VIKOR methods. Based on the results access to main routes, access to rescue centers, the possibility of installing infrastructure facilities, and the size of the selected site gained respectively the most to least weights. Further, among suggested locations, Madar Park was ranked first. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
278 - Determining the location of Temporary Housing for Earthquake Victims in Kerman City Using Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Methods
Shahram Ariafar Fatemeh ShojaeiWorldwide every year, many people lose their lives and their homes due to natural disasters. Providing appropriate places for the establishment of relief centers and resettling displaced people after an earthquake is one of the most important things in planning and cris MoreWorldwide every year, many people lose their lives and their homes due to natural disasters. Providing appropriate places for the establishment of relief centers and resettling displaced people after an earthquake is one of the most important things in planning and crisis management. In this article, the city of Kerman has been selected and studied due to its high earthquake potential, in order to locate temporary settlements for the population affected by a possible earthquake. To do so, initially, three potential sites for temporary accommodation and effective criteria to rank them were identified. Afterward, the weights of the criterion were determined using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), and finally, sites were prioritized using TOPSIS and VIKOR methods. Based on the results access to main routes, access to rescue centers, the possibility of installing infrastructure facilities, and the size of the selected site gained respectively the most to least weights. Further, among suggested locations, Madar Park was ranked first. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
279 - The Effect of Crisis Management on the Resilience of Swimming Coaches
mohammadreza zolhayat Parivash Nourbakhsh ali zarei abbas khodayariThe aim of this study was to investigate the effect of crisis management on the resilience of swimming Coaches. The research method is correlational which is of the structural equations type, is current-looking based on time, is applied in terms of purpose, and is field MoreThe aim of this study was to investigate the effect of crisis management on the resilience of swimming Coaches. The research method is correlational which is of the structural equations type, is current-looking based on time, is applied in terms of purpose, and is field –study in terms of data-collection. The statistical population includes active Coaches in Tehran, whose number was 2000 people. In order to select a statistical sample, the city of Tehran was firstly divided into 5 geographical regions of north, center, east, west and south and 322 samples were selected of relative class type, according to the gender of trainers based on random sampling. The measurement tools of this study were two questionnaires of Zol-Hayat (2020) crisis management with 41 questions, and McManus et al. (2007) resilience with 67 questions. The results of structural equations showed that the effect of crisis management on resilience (t = 6.174 and = = 0.372) is positive and significant. Therefore, crisis managem to be able to increase response to crisis by resilience increasing.ent affects the resilience of swimming Coaches. Crisis management with a value of 0.372 in terms of importance, and with a value of 60.486 in terms of performance has shown its role on resilience as well. Therefore, the swimming federation should try to achieve maximum accuracy in predicting the crisis by using the resilience of Coaches, Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
280 - Translate دگردیسی در ساختار نظام بین الملل و تحلیل مناقشات خاورمیانه 60/5000 Transformation in the structure of international and analysis of Middle East conflicts
sohrab enami alamdariOne of the main factors affecting the structure of the international system and influence the behavior of governments and indeed understand the evolution of international politics is the main focus. Because with the change in the shapes and forms of the international sy MoreOne of the main factors affecting the structure of the international system and influence the behavior of governments and indeed understand the evolution of international politics is the main focus. Because with the change in the shapes and forms of the international system requirements and possible disadvantages of the new that can impact the behavior of States other hand, the Middle East due to its diverse structure, identity and the complex has always been one of the international sub-systems influenced the international system. in this sense, trends, processes, cooperation, competition and conflict in this complex area also influenced the structure. In this format, the main question of the paper on which are formed, what effect on the structure of international conflicts in the Middle East? that in this area because of the different configuration of power, [22] Brzezinski, Zbigniew, (2012), Strategic Vision: America and the Crisis of Global Power, Basic Books [23] Haass, Richard N.(May/June2008), ”The Age of Nonpolarity: What will Follow U.S Dominance”, Foreign Affairs, Vol.87, No.3, [24] Rosecrance. Richard N. (1969),“Bipolarity, Multipolarity and the Future” In James N. Rosenau (ed.). International Politics and Foreign Policy: A Reader in Research and Theory. (New York: The Free Press [25] Zakaria, Fareed, (2008), "The Post-American World", New York: Norton Company Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
281 - Russia's ethics for the Syrian civil war and the US response
fatemeh sadat maloomi afshin zargarThe Syrian civil war, which has been the most important crisis in the Middle East over the past seven years, has turned the region into a rivalry and rivalry between regional and trans-national powers. The geographic extent of the conflict, the high volume of damage, th MoreThe Syrian civil war, which has been the most important crisis in the Middle East over the past seven years, has turned the region into a rivalry and rivalry between regional and trans-national powers. The geographic extent of the conflict, the high volume of damage, the occurrence of extreme violence and the direct and indirect presence The numerous international actors on the scene of operational battles have made the crisis one of the most unique examples of the past decade. The nature of international phenomena has shown that great powers in a multilateral structure, along with co-operation and competition, seek to stabilize the power equivalence in the international environment. Russia has been the main actor in Syria in recent years and has been the strongest player among foreign actors in Syria, but on the other side of the United States, with multiple instruments under the pretext of confronting ISIL's threat and preventing Iran from penetrating Syria in this crisis-affected country. Has played a role that has not been in line with the interests of Russia. In this way, there is a clear and secret opposition between Russia and the United States in Syria. In this article, we examine this contradiction. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
282 - Analysis of Israeli diplomatic influence in the Middle East after the Arab Spring based on the swot model
maryam hatefi mohammad hassan nami ezatoolah ezzattiThe nature of the Arab Spring can not be summed up only in the economic poverty and unemployment of Arab youth. The basic factor behind the uprising of the Arab people is the sense of discrimination and humiliation caused by the repression of the Arab nation over the pa MoreThe nature of the Arab Spring can not be summed up only in the economic poverty and unemployment of Arab youth. The basic factor behind the uprising of the Arab people is the sense of discrimination and humiliation caused by the repression of the Arab nation over the past decades by the occupying Israeli regime and the alignment of the dictatorial regimes of these nations with this regime, the Arab nation of kinship, corrupt governance and reliance on Israel Tired of it; the thing that dictators do not really understand is its meaning. In this context, radical Islamists have limited the diplomatic influence of the occupation regime in the Middle East, in order to achieve hegemony in the Middle East region and to increase their popularity among the Arab nation through oral criticism against the Israeli government. Israel does not exclude the fact that political developments in the Middle East after the Arab Spring have led to the formation of strategic complexities in this region, and Israel's efforts in foreign policy to regional powers will not be the same as in the past. Therefore, the present article attempts to discuss the decline of the diplomatic influence of Israel in the Middle East after the Arab Spring by means of a descriptive-analytical method and using the internal and external factors assessment matrices based on the SWOT model. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
283 - A Survey of the Yemeni Crisis: Developments, Roots, Actors and Strategies for the End of the Crisis
Garineh Keshishyan Siraki soheil soheiy najafabadiThe Yemeni crisis is the result of inefficient political structures and the lack of a fair distribution of power and resources at the social level, and adds to this the involvement of foreign powers such as Saudi Arabia, The United States, Russia, Britain, Israel, the P MoreThe Yemeni crisis is the result of inefficient political structures and the lack of a fair distribution of power and resources at the social level, and adds to this the involvement of foreign powers such as Saudi Arabia, The United States, Russia, Britain, Israel, the Persian Gulf Cooperation Council, Egypt and Islamic Republic of Iran. In general, they can be identified at two levels of internal and external crisis factors. Accordingly, the main question of the paper is that "the factors involved in the Yemeni crisis, including the process of transformation, the roots of the crisis and its actors, and what are the solutions to this crisis coming out of the future?" As a result of the whole article, it is concluded that due to the problems of the internal structure of Yemen, such as tribalism and the failure of the process of nation-state building in this country, as well as the competition between Saudi Arabia and Iran, as well as other regional powers of the Middle East and major powers in this country; The Yemeni crisis may end in one of the following four situations: Establishing a balance of power between the groups and their supporting countries, the victory of one of the forces and its supporting states, namely the Yemeni government or the victory of Ansarullah, the intervention of the UN Security Council to establish a temporary ceasefire to begin the process of peace negotiations and national reconciliation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
284 - Analysis of the Crisis Management Practices of the Russian Federation in relation to Ukraine
Mohsen Habibi Ahmad Bakhshayeshi Ardestani Seyyed Ali Tabatabaei PanahRelations with Ukraine in Russian foreign policy became, not only geopolitically and geo-strategically, important after the collapse of the Soviet Union. Russia's relations with Ukraine as a neighbor country in the region have embraced a painful separation and reflects MoreRelations with Ukraine in Russian foreign policy became, not only geopolitically and geo-strategically, important after the collapse of the Soviet Union. Russia's relations with Ukraine as a neighbor country in the region have embraced a painful separation and reflects the complex process of mutual identification in both countries. Hence, the Ukrainian crisis has always been responded to by Russian hardware power, the latest of which was the crisis in the Kerch Strait and the Sea of Azov, which has faced Russia's strict response to the Poroshenko’s sabotages. The present article seeks to answer the question of how Russia has managed the Ukrainian crisis and what techniques and tools have been used? The answer to this question is that the logic of the Russian approach to managing international crises suggests that, because of the importance of Ukraine for this country, Russia has managed the crisis in Ukraine in the form of crisis management models based on asymmetric, single line and single-multi-polar balance of powers, using hardware and software levers. The research methodology is based on a descriptive-analytical strategy. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
285 - The role of Route 2 Diplomacy in Reducing International Conflicts (Case Study: Islamic Republic of Iran and the United States of America)
Hassan Khodaverdi Eisa KameliMultiplicity and diversity of challenges, crises, and conflicts among non-state and state actors have given rise to different shapes of diplomacy due to the nature of relationships among the parties. While the efficiency of formal diplomacy is under question particularl MoreMultiplicity and diversity of challenges, crises, and conflicts among non-state and state actors have given rise to different shapes of diplomacy due to the nature of relationships among the parties. While the efficiency of formal diplomacy is under question particularly for those parties who face a lack of communications and formal relations, a two-track diplomacy will be a suitable alternative. Such technique requires the approval and sufficient support of all parties involved in order to overcome its challenges and unavoidable limitations and achieve the desirable results. The current research intends to answer the following question: what is the correlation between the use of two-track diplomacy and decrease in conflicts? The reason for selecting this issue is to analyze the role of two-track diplomacy in the context of the U.S.-Iran conflict seeing as there has been a scarcity of focus on this issue in past scholarships.The current research intends to articulate the hypothesis that two-track diplomacy has played a key role in decreasing conflicts within its capacity. This form of diplomacy has proven successful, on occasions, namely in bringing about the Iran nuclear deal and contributed to the change in atmosphere of bilateral conflicts. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
286 - The Importance of Central Eurasia in Geopolitical Competition among Great Powers
Afshin Zargar Sina SayadThis article is seeking to answer this question that why the central Eurasian region is important in geopolitical competition among major powers? Many of scientists believe that with the collapse of the Soviet Union and the end of Cold War, the era of geopolitical theor MoreThis article is seeking to answer this question that why the central Eurasian region is important in geopolitical competition among major powers? Many of scientists believe that with the collapse of the Soviet Union and the end of Cold War, the era of geopolitical theories and competition Great Powers in Eurasia has ended. But in 1990s that weakened Russia improved its peaceful relations with the west, west expanded its borders toward east and central Asia in form of NATO. The beginning of 2000 and September 11 led to west under the excuse of fighting with terrorism increase its presence more than ever in central Asia. Russia was being restored its former power, act of west is regarded as a threat for Russia, and this is the beginning of the confrontation between two rival in the Central Eurasia. On the other hand, power vacuum that arose after the collapse of the Soviet Union in Central Eurasia, draw attention of many powers in to this geopolitics and geostrategic area. This paper explains the competition among regional and extra-regional powers with the aim of geopolitical advantage in Central Eurasia. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
287 - Ethno-cultural Crises: Constructing and Re-constructing Identities in Zadie Smith’s White Teeth
Faranak Shahmoradi Bahman Zaarinjooee Leila Baradaran JamiliThe cultural diversity of the city of London is the result of the clash of various cultures of immigrants to this land from all over the world and the hegemony of the dominant native culture, which confronts the immigrant and his family with serious crises. This researc MoreThe cultural diversity of the city of London is the result of the clash of various cultures of immigrants to this land from all over the world and the hegemony of the dominant native culture, which confronts the immigrant and his family with serious crises. This research is a theoretical study done as library research and using an analytical-descriptive approach. In doing so, the role of cultures in constructing and re-constructing the identity of people in multicultural Britain in White Teeth (2000) and the effects caused by the crisis between diverse cultures and ethnicities have been investigated. In this article, Stuart Hall’s perspective of cultural studies, Chris Barker’s interpretations of the process of cultural pluralism, and its problems are used in the analysis of Zadie Smith’s White Teeth. Smith, in most of her works, deals with the problems of multiculturalism especially in London, which is often influenced by her personal experiences as a Jamaican-English immigrant. This research seeks to answer the fundamental questions: What is this crisis, in what areas has it occurred, and how has it challenged these cultural problems in London society? The answer to these questions is a useful help for ethno-cultural problems in multicultural societies. Smith has depicted the internal and external challenges of immigrants in the modernized world of the 21st century. A careful reading of Smith’s works, especially White Teeth, shows that this author touches on the most sensitive cultural issues, marks and challenges them. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
288 - The Social Effect of Crisis Management on Decision-Making of Managers in Region Eight of Islamic Azad University
GHolamreza Azadian Mohammad rahim Rasooli-Azad Tahereh HasoomiAbstract The purpose of this study is to investigate the social effect of crisis management on decision-making of managers in IAU, region 8. It is believed that this way can provide managers with better strategies to improve both the quality of their work and their deci MoreAbstract The purpose of this study is to investigate the social effect of crisis management on decision-making of managers in IAU, region 8. It is believed that this way can provide managers with better strategies to improve both the quality of their work and their decision-making in social crisis. The method of this research is descriptive surveying. 110 out of all 146 managers in region 8 of IAU were randomly selected, and a researcher-made questionnaire with two sections was used for the purpose of data collection. The first section included general information about managers, such as their gender, marital status, educational degree, job background, and management experience. The second section included 33 researcher-made questions. The results of data analysis revealed that there was a significant relationship between identifying (and controlling) social crises and decision-making by managers. Also, there is a meaningful relationship between decision-making and preventing crisis. Accordingly, it has been suggested that managers can be prepared to cope with social crisis through following ways: increasing their social information, raising their management awareness, attending scientific seminars about crisis management, appropriate use of instructional technology, employing experienced managers with certificates in the fields of identifying and managing crises, using the social experience of well-experienced managers, and improving the social conditions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
289 - This work aims to search for the origin of political and social protests within this event in Iran.
سید ایمان قربانی طهمورث شیریProtests over the economic conditions in December 2017 (1396) constitute the most significant social crisis in Iran in current decade. This work aims to search for the origin of political and social protests within this event in Iran. The research method is based on e MoreProtests over the economic conditions in December 2017 (1396) constitute the most significant social crisis in Iran in current decade. This work aims to search for the origin of political and social protests within this event in Iran. The research method is based on explanation and study of genesis and origins of shaping of the protests of different classes in December 2017 with a focus on relative deprivation theory, especially the ideas of Ted Robert Gurr as the base theory as well as theories of social alienation. In this research, by sending a questionnaire to 250 faculty members and professors as statistical population, in order to study the results, the original weighting method (cardinal) and paired comparisons were used. The results of this study showed that the comparison of social indices under study shows public discontent with its most important social rights. The most important and effective factors are economic corruption, discrimination and social inequality resulting from judiciary injustice, poverty and deprivation of most of Iranian population which results in a feeling of relative deprivation and a feeling of self-alienation and consequently leads to political and social protests. The difference between the legitimate expectations and the realities of the outside world and lack of attention to value and political changes along with economic demands and creation of equality and social justice are the main sources of political and social protests in the past two decades. As a result, a feeling of relative deprivation and a feeling of self-alienation are the most important factors in protests and unrest in this year in Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
290 - The mediating role of hopefulness in the relationship between time perspective and psychological crisis
Sadegh Taghilo Hamideh LatifiIn the study of individual psychological crisis, the perspective towards time is significantly important when facing adverse situations. This perception of time consists of five dimensions including; positive past, negative past, present self-indulgence, fatalistic pres MoreIn the study of individual psychological crisis, the perspective towards time is significantly important when facing adverse situations. This perception of time consists of five dimensions including; positive past, negative past, present self-indulgence, fatalistic present, and future. The aim of this study is to determine the mediating role of hopefulness in the relationship between time perspective and the psychological crisis. Therefore, in a descriptive study, 296 students of Islamic Azad University, Karaj branch, were selected through multi-stage random sampling method and tested for their perspective of time, symptoms of mental health problems and hopefulness. Analysis and structural equation modeling showed that hopefulness mediates in the relationship between both fatalistic present and future and psychological crisis. Fatalistic time perspective view the present with a sense of failure, frustration and desperateness. Individuals with future time perspective have tendency towards long-term goals and prospects. Possessing an optimistic view, having access to adequate resources on goal-oriented philosophy, and familiarity with the essential methods to achieve the objectives, all promote individuals’ well being. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
291 - Causes and challenges of women’s religious identity
Afsane Ghazi karbasiWomen play a crucial and important role in growth and prosperity of family and hence, of society. Therefore, women identity crisis which affect the well-being of the family foundation is a concerning issue in every modern society. In fact, in religious societies, the wo MoreWomen play a crucial and important role in growth and prosperity of family and hence, of society. Therefore, women identity crisis which affect the well-being of the family foundation is a concerning issue in every modern society. In fact, in religious societies, the women identity and its challenges are specially regarded. Globalization, emerging of new technologies, social media, broadcasting channels, cyber space, women employment and modern life styles are among the most influencing factors. Being inevitable to face identity crisis by Muslim women, identifying the cause(s) comprises vital part of the counter-solution. In this study, we used analytical approach to analyze biological data concerning the women’s religious identity crisis. The results suggest globalization and fading of temporal and physical barriers of culture are the main parameters of such crisis in general, so to minimize women’s religious identity crisis, one should think of solution at family, society and international levels all together. Manuscript profile
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