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Open Access Article
1 - Examine the relationship between self-esteem and depression with satisfaction of body image in adolescent girls.
Rghaye assady gandomani Latifeh teymourzadehThe aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between depression and self-esteem with satisfaction of body image in female students of high schools in the Bojnord city in 93-94 academic year. The research was correlation and The samples were selected with us MoreThe aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between depression and self-esteem with satisfaction of body image in female students of high schools in the Bojnord city in 93-94 academic year. The research was correlation and The samples were selected with using of Morgan table and cluster sampling method . The number of participants was 300 persons. ParticipantsWere tested with three questionnaire contains ,satisfaction of body image scale, Rosenberg self-esteem and Beck depression short form. Research findings Were analyzed with SPSS software, Multivariate regression and stepwise method. Results showed that between self-esteem and depression are related to satisfaction of body image. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Relationship between depression, stress and anxiety with anthropometric indices using Bio-Impedance Measure, among overweight/obese and normal subjects
Maryam Moussavi Majid Karandish Ariyo Movahedi Behnood Abbasi -
Open Access Article
3 - Association of depression with malnutrition in hemodialysis patients
Mohsen Taghavi Seyyed Ali Keshavarz Alireza Hoveyda Asal Ataie-Jafari -
Open Access Article
4 - Comparison of the Efficiency of Technical Analysis Indicators in in the capital market periods of the boom and depression in the active Manufacturing companies at the Tehran Stock Exchange
R. Bashir Khodaparasti Khalil Jahangardi Hosein Boroomandzadeh Mina SabaInvestors in the capital market are looking for a way to predict stock prices for more profit. One of these methods is a technical analysis. The aim of this research is to compare the efficiency of technical analysis indicators in the period of boom and depression in mo MoreInvestors in the capital market are looking for a way to predict stock prices for more profit. One of these methods is a technical analysis. The aim of this research is to compare the efficiency of technical analysis indicators in the period of boom and depression in more active manufacturing companies. In this reserch, the capital market period of boom and depression was estimated by Non-linear Markov regime-change approach. Time (rang) has been identified in the capital market 2013/4/1 to 2014/10/1 the boom period and 2014/10/1 to 2015/10/1 Period of depression. By using filters, a sample of 11 active firms was selected and identification the buying and selling signals of shares by using indicators in the software environment, an independent t-test was used to compare the indicators. The results of the research show The average returns from the relative strength index during the period of recession with other indicators in the capital market boom period is not significantly different But there is a significant difference between the average returns of moving average, average and moving average of convergence-divergence of period the period of boom and depression. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - A Sociological Study of the Joint Effect of Work Alienation and Job Satisfaction on Workers Depression in Industrial and Service Sectors of the City of Tehran
Alireza Mohseni Tabrizi -
Open Access Article
6 - Structural Model of Somatic Symptoms based on Perceived Social Support and Childhood Trauma in Patients with Epilepsy: Mediating Role of Depression, Anxiety and Stress
Masoumeh Mohammadbeigi Afsaneh Taheri Khadijeh Abolmaali Koroush GharergozliIntroduction: Considering the importance of examining somatic symptoms in patients with epilepsy, the present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the structural model of somatic symptoms based on perceived social support and childhood trauma with the media MoreIntroduction: Considering the importance of examining somatic symptoms in patients with epilepsy, the present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the structural model of somatic symptoms based on perceived social support and childhood trauma with the mediating of depression, anxiety and stress in patients with epilepsy. Methods: This study in terms of purpose was applied and in terms of implementation method was descriptive from type of correlation. The research population was the patients with epilepsy of Iran in the 2021 year, which number of 260 people of them were selected as a sample by simple random sampling method. The research tools were included somatic symptoms questionnaire (Kroenke et al., 2002), perceived social support scale (Zimet et al., 1988), childhood trauma questionnaire (Bernstein et al., 2003) and depression, anxiety and stress scale (Lovibond and Lovibond, 1995). Data were analyzed by structural equation modeling in SPSS-24 and AMOS-26 software. Results: The findings showed that the model of somatic symptoms based on perceived social support and childhood trauma with the mediating of depression, anxiety and stress in patients with epilepsy had a good fit. Also, social support had a significant negative effect on depression, anxiety and stress and somatic symptoms, childhood trauma had a significant positive effect on depression, anxiety and stress, and depression, anxiety and stress had a significant positive effect on somatic symptoms (P<0.05), but trauma childhood had no significant effect on somatic symptoms (P>0.05). In addition, social support with the mediating of depression, anxiety and stress had a significant negative effect on somatic symptoms and childhood trauma with the mediation of depression, anxiety and stress had a significant positive effect on somatic symptoms (P<0.05). Conclusion: According to the results of this study, it is necessary to plan to reduce somatic symptoms in patients with epilepsy by increasing social support and reducing depression, anxiety and stress. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - Treatment of depression from the point of view of the Holy Quran
Hussain Taj Abadi Azam Tahari Alenjareghiدرمان افسردگی از منظر قرآن کریم پس از پژوهشهای تکمیلی در حوزه درمان افسردگی و پیگیری نتایج در افراد دارای این اختلال، قصد دارد این نتایج را به رواندرمانگران علاقمند این حوزه به صورت کاربردیتر انتقال یابد.رواندرمانی اکنون عمری بیش از 100 سال دارد و هر روز یافتههای ج Moreدرمان افسردگی از منظر قرآن کریم پس از پژوهشهای تکمیلی در حوزه درمان افسردگی و پیگیری نتایج در افراد دارای این اختلال، قصد دارد این نتایج را به رواندرمانگران علاقمند این حوزه به صورت کاربردیتر انتقال یابد.رواندرمانی اکنون عمری بیش از 100 سال دارد و هر روز یافتههای جدید مربوط به انواع رویکردهای درمانی، شاخ و برگهای این علم را پربارتر میکنند. اما، هنوز رواندرمانی فضای بی ثباتی دارد. برخی از مطالعات جدید فراتحلیلی ، بر نقش مهمتر عوامل غیراختصاصی مانند رابطه درمانی نسبت به عوامل اختصاصی درمان تاکید دارند و اثرات انواع رویکردها را بر این اختلال یکسان میدانند.سیر این مقاله نشان میدهد که چطور میتوان از چیستی یک اختلال و مفاهیم بنیادین آن به مرحله درمان آن در زندگی و در جلسات درمانی رسید.آنچه امروز در درمان یک اختلال اهمیت دارد، کوتاهتر کردن مسیرروند درمان و در عین حال افزودن اثرات دراز مدت درمانی بر فرد است. هدف این مقاله، بررسی راه هایی موثر برای درمان افسردگی از قرآن بوده است که از طریق ارزیابی اثربخشی به صورت کمی نیز مورد تایید قرار گرفته است؛ و همچنین پیشنهاد فرهنگ علمی و عملی درمان افسردگی با توجه به آیات قرآن را دارد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - The Role of the American Economic Crisis in 1929 on the Development of the State Economy in Iran during the First Pahlavi Era
Sina ForoozeshThe decline in industrial manufacturing of advanced countries led to the U.S. Great Depression of 1929 that spilled over to many other countries as well. The capitalist countries, as the main manufacturers, saw a decline in their demand of raw materials purchased from u MoreThe decline in industrial manufacturing of advanced countries led to the U.S. Great Depression of 1929 that spilled over to many other countries as well. The capitalist countries, as the main manufacturers, saw a decline in their demand of raw materials purchased from underdeveloped countries. The Depression made the Iranian Government and parliament to adopt measures to grapple with it. At this point, the main Q.S of present research is how did the above-mentioned crisis lead to the development of the state economy in Iran during the first Pahlavi era? The research method in the current study is Documentary, based on the qualitative study of data analysis and gathered documents of Iranian economic variables during the Depression. The result of this research is indicating the measures adopted by the government led to a monopoly and state-controlled economy in Iran for cover financial crisis 1929. The measures increased the authority and control of the government over the economy, ultimately, the economy was totally at the disposal of the government. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - Study of anaesthetic effect of ketamine and midazolam as separate and concomitant sublingual administration in animal model
محسن علیلو ایلیاد عیسی بیگلو حمید میرزائیKetamine is a suitable injectable anesthetic in human and animal that has a low intestinalabsorption rate. It's bioavailability in human with oral administration is %207 and with rectaladministration in cat is %43.56.1 .this drug has some side effects such as hyperten MoreKetamine is a suitable injectable anesthetic in human and animal that has a low intestinalabsorption rate. It's bioavailability in human with oral administration is %207 and with rectaladministration in cat is %43.56.1 .this drug has some side effects such as hypertension,histamine releasing effects , hallucination , hyper salivation (specially with oral administration)and etc. Midazolam is a short acting benzodiazepine that can pass trough blood-brain barrier andcauses CNS suppression. Then it seems that co administration of Midazolam and ketaminecause more effective & deep CNS depression effects.The aim of this study was evaluation of ketamine and Midazolam CNS suppression effects inthe manner of single and together in cat. Ten free roaming male & mature cats received drugs[ketamine (20, 40, 80mg/kg) & Midazolam (0.3, 0.6, 1.2mg/kg)] first in mixture of milk (40ml)or meat (30g) or sublingual spray rout. In 2nd stage they received concomitant doses ofMidazolam & ketamine by the method mentioned above. Each animal was observed continuallyby educated observer for CNS depression as graded on the behavioral scales.Almost all of the animals rejected receiving drugs in mixture of milk and meat. So subligualspray rout used for oral administration of drugs. Ketamine & Midazolam showed a dosedependent effect in different administered doses. Concomitant use of Midazolam with ketamineimproved ketamine's CNS depression effects. Also duration of CNS depression was longer withco administration of these two drugs. Results showed that administration of ketamine &Midazolam in mixture of milk & meat is not a suitable method in cats. But a strong and longtime CNS depression is achieved when ketamine sprayed in mouth (as sublingual form). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - Awareness and attitude of the companions of mothers hospitalized in the post-partum department of Valiasr Hospital(Aj) in Qom city towards post-partum depression
Malihe MehrmaneshObjective: Postpartum depression may have irreparable consequences for the mother, child and her family. The awareness and attitude of family members plays a very important role in early diagnosis and treatment of the disease as quickly as possible. Therefore, this rese MoreObjective: Postpartum depression may have irreparable consequences for the mother, child and her family. The awareness and attitude of family members plays a very important role in early diagnosis and treatment of the disease as quickly as possible. Therefore, this research was conducted with the aim of determining the level of awareness and attitude of the companions of mothers hospitalized in the post-partum department of Valiasr(Aj) Hospital, Qom.Materials and methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on 100 companions of mothers hospitalized in the post-partum department of Valiasr Hospital(Aj) Qom, using available sampling method. The data collection tool was a three-part questionnaire including personal information, awareness and attitude measurement. The data were analyzed with the help of descriptive and inferential tests by SPSS version 16 software.Findings: The results showed that 70% of the studied people had moderate knowledge about postpartum depression. There is a statistically significant relationship between the level of awareness of postpartum depression with the variables of age, level of education, spouse's education, number of pregnancies, occupation and type of delivery. 85% of people had a negative attitude towards postpartum depression. The relationship between education level, spouse's education, number of pregnancies and occupation, with attitude was statistically significant. But the relationship between attitude with age and type of delivery was not statistically significant.Conclusion: Considering the importance of family members in supporting and diagnosing postpartum depression as quickly as possible, it is necessary to increase the awareness and attitude of those around pregnant mothers with different educational methods. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - A Comparative Study of Public Health and Well-Being of Active and Nonactive People in Morning Workout Routines in Tehran
Mohsen TavakoliThe purpose of the present study is to compare public health and well-being of the participants in morning workout routines compared to nonactive people. Statistical population of the research consisted of the participants in morning workout stations as well as those wh MoreThe purpose of the present study is to compare public health and well-being of the participants in morning workout routines compared to nonactive people. Statistical population of the research consisted of the participants in morning workout stations as well as those who were not active in the city of Tehran. Using random sampling, 200 participants active in morning workout routines and 200 people who were not active were chosen as the sample of study. Standard questionnaire of public health (GHQ-28) was used to measure four microscales (physical health, anxiety and sleep disorder, social function, and depression). Validity of the questionnaire has already been assessed in more than 70 countries in the world (R=0.82 -0.92). For research hypothesis testing, Mann-Whitney U test and Spearman correlation coefficient test (p≤0.05) were used. The research results showed that physical health condition of those participating in morning workout routines (M=2.8±2.2) outperforms those who are nonactive (M=5.3±3.6) and they have less anxiety and sleep disorder (M=3.4±2.3) than those who are not active (M=8.6±3.7). Social function condition of those participating in morning workout routines ((M=3.3±2.9) was better than nonactive people (M=6.3±3); depression condition of those participating in morning workout routines (M=1.5±1.2) was also less than those who were nonactive (M=5.4±3.3) and all these results were meaningful at P≤0.01. There was a significant relation between public health and well-being of those participating in morning workout and the time duration of their exercise (r=0.64). Therefore, it can be said that the public health condition (all indices) of those who are active in morning workout routines is better than that of nonactive people and whatever the time duration of exercising increases, there is a more chance of people’s public health and well-being. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - Comparison of the effect of family resiliency training and selected sports exercises (Qigong exercises) on depression of mothers of children with cancer
Omm-e Leyli SaeedpanahAbstractDiagnosis of cancer in children is considered as a psychological and emotional crisis for parents, especially mothers, as the main elements in providing services and care. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the effect of family resilience education MoreAbstractDiagnosis of cancer in children is considered as a psychological and emotional crisis for parents, especially mothers, as the main elements in providing services and care. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the effect of family resilience education and selected sports exercises qigong) on mothers of cancer child due to depression.The present research method was quasi-experimental (pre-test-post-test) using two experimental groups and a control group. 45 mothers with cancer children in Tabriz Children's Hospital in April 2022 who had 1 standard deviation above the average in the Beck Depression Inventory were selected by convenience sampling method and randomly divided into two experimental groups (15 people) and a control group (15 people). For the first group of family resilience training) 9 sessions; One-hour sessions per week) and for the second group qigong exercises (9 sessions; one-week sessions, 30 to 40 minutes) were performed, and the control group did not receive any training. All subjects filled out the Beck Depression Inventory (short form) before and after the training. Univariate analysis of covariance was used to analyze the data.The results showed that the mean scores of depression of mothers with cancer children in the family resilience training group compared to the qigong training group and in the qigong training group compared to the control group in the post-test decreased significantly (p <0.05).The results showed that family resilience education is more effective in reducing depression in mothers with children with cancer than qigong exercises. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - The Effect of Child-based Attachment Therapy Approach on Depressive Symptoms and Quality of Attachment of Primary School Boys
farhnaz shakehnya Behzad Behrouz Behrouz Behrouz Mohammad Bagher Kajbaf Ghobad Behaminhe purpose of this paper was to determine the effectiveness of child- based attachment therapy approach on the amount of depression systems and quality of attachment of primary school boys. The research type is quasi -experimental with control and experimental group Morehe purpose of this paper was to determine the effectiveness of child- based attachment therapy approach on the amount of depression systems and quality of attachment of primary school boys. The research type is quasi -experimental with control and experimental groups. Population included all fourth and fifth grade primary school boys in the city of Isfahan in 2011 (1390s.c.). the sample under study here were 30 depressed students of fourth and fifth grades chosen by random multi-stapec stage sampling who were assigned randomly to control and experimental groups. To measure children depression rate, the tool used in this study was Child Depression Inventory (CDI ( (Kovacs , 1981 ) . Also, children attachment rate was measured through inventory of parent and Peer Attachment Revised for children (IPPA-R)(Gullon & Robinson, 2005 ( . The interventions induded 6 sessions which were based on child–oriented attachment therapy for the experimental group, while the control group did not receive any treatment. The results of descriptive statistics and analysis of covariance showed, that child based attachment therapy significantly reduces depression and its dimensions (interpersonal problems, ineffectiveness, anhedonia, negative mood, negative self-esteem) (P < 0 . 0 5 ( and also increases quality of attachment and its dimensions (trust, relationship, self-alienation) (P < 0 . 0 5 ( in the experimental group. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - The Study of Comparetive Efficacy of Group Cognitive Therapy Based on Rational Emotive Behavior Technique With Homeopathy Method on Women's Depression Disoreler
فرناز نوابیفر اصغر آقایی ویکتوریا عمرانیفرد حمید افشار زنجانی پدرام معینیThe aim of this study was to examine the efficacy of Cognitive Group Therapy based on Rational– Emotive Behaviour Techniques and Homeopathy in the treatment of Depression. For this reason, among the patients consulting to Isfahan psychiatric clinic (Noor), having obta MoreThe aim of this study was to examine the efficacy of Cognitive Group Therapy based on Rational– Emotive Behaviour Techniques and Homeopathy in the treatment of Depression. For this reason, among the patients consulting to Isfahan psychiatric clinic (Noor), having obtained a score between to on the Beck' s Depression Inventory, and further diagnosed by a psychiatrist assessment to have been suffering from Depression, female patients were selected and assigned to experimental groups randomly. weekly sessions of Cognitive Group Therapy based on Rational– Emotive Behavioral techniques was administered to the experimental group . The subjects of Homeopathy group by kind permission of the psychiatrist were referred to the homeopath and treated by the homeopathic remedies for months ,individually. At the end of interventions, the Beck's Depression Inventory was administered to both experimental groups as post-test for the second time. The measuring instruments were: Psychiatric assessment, Demographic questionnaire and Beck's Depression Inventory. Data analysis involved both descriptive and inferential statistics including: Frequency, Frequency percentage, Covariance and dependent T- test. The results of data analysis revealed that both therapeutic methods were effective in the treatment of Depression (P ≥ ). No differences among treatment conditions at post-test were observed (P ≥ ). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - Effect of Instructing the Spivak & Shure Problem Solving Procedure on Decreasing Depression Level of Moto-Somatic Disabled Students in
آذر نصیری پرویز شریفی درآمدی سیدرضا میر مهدیAbstract: Present study was conducted with the objective of investigating effect of problem solving employing Spivak & Shure procedure on reducing depression level of motor-somatic disabled students in Junior High school lvel. Statistical population included all somatom MoreAbstract: Present study was conducted with the objective of investigating effect of problem solving employing Spivak & Shure procedure on reducing depression level of motor-somatic disabled students in Junior High school lvel. Statistical population included all somatomotor disabled students of Isfahan city guidance schools. In this research, using bech Depression Inventory individuals were diagnosed as depressed students who were randomly divided into two groups of individuals each, individuals as test group and others as controls. Research plan is of experimented "Pre-test-post-test" with control group. Following providing the problem-solving education tried, during a period of seven weeks to the test group, once again the bech depression inventory was conducted on both depressive groups test and the results were studies and compared. Obtained data using independent and covariance analysis tests showed a significant difference between mean depression scores in the test and control groups. In Other words, individuals differences in variance of scores of the two groups were due to education . Results obtained from the other hypothesis of research indicated that differences between the effect of problem solving education on reducing level of depression based on gender was not significant, therefore, effect of education on reducing depression level of boys and girls has been similar . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
16 - Studying the Role of Personality Traits in Predicting Imposter and Depression Symptoms Among Delinquent High School Girls
masoud heidari Abolghasem NouriThe aim of this study was to predict the role of personality traits in predicting imposter and depression symptoms among delinquent high school girls. The sample consisted of 220 girls who were selected by available random sampling from among delinquent high school girl MoreThe aim of this study was to predict the role of personality traits in predicting imposter and depression symptoms among delinquent high school girls. The sample consisted of 220 girls who were selected by available random sampling from among delinquent high school girls in Isfahan Juvenile Detention Centers in 2014-15. The data collection tools were Costa and McCrea Big Five-Factor Personality Inventory (1992), Clans Imposter Phenomenon Scale (1978) and Beck's Depression Questionnaire (1990). Data were analyzed through step regression at p< .001 level of significance. The results by step regression analysis indicated the role of neuroticism, extraversion and conscientiousness in the prediction of imposter; and neuroticism and extraversion in the prediction of depression. By using the personality traits of delinquent juveniles it's possible to predict their imposter and depression and prevent them from being affected by these conditions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
17 - The Effectiveness of Specific Recall Training on Symptoms Recovery of Postpartum Depression of Women in Tehran
Eftekhar Hamidi Hamid Taher Neshat Doost Hooshang TalebiThis study aimed to investigate the effect of specific recall training on recovery of symptoms of postpartum depression of women in Tehran. The research used a quasi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest design with the control group. The population consisted of 31 MoreThis study aimed to investigate the effect of specific recall training on recovery of symptoms of postpartum depression of women in Tehran. The research used a quasi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest design with the control group. The population consisted of 315 women seeking postpartum care in Tehran. Non-probability sampling was used to select the participants. The sample, then, included 30 women of whom 15 received 7 sessions of specific recall training and 15 were in the control group. The Edinburgh Depression Scale Questionnaire (1987) was administered. To analyze the data, analysis of covariance was applied. The results showed that treatment based on the specific recall training has significant effect on recovery of symptoms of postpartum depression (P<0.005). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
18 - Formulating the psychosocial vulnerability model of chronic depression: The grounded theory
Seyed Mohammad Reza Samsam Shariat Hamid Taher Neshat Doost Mehrdad Kalantari seyed hamid reza oreyzi samaniThe aim of this study was. This exploratory qualitative study was carried out using grounded theory method. Data were collected via semistructured in-depth interviews and field notes. We interviewed with 12patients with chronic depression.Participants were selected from MoreThe aim of this study was. This exploratory qualitative study was carried out using grounded theory method. Data were collected via semistructured in-depth interviews and field notes. We interviewed with 12patients with chronic depression.Participants were selected from two psychotherapy clinics. The survey instrument included; structured Clinical Interview for DSM5 criteria and 24-item Hamilton depression scale (HRSD24). Data were analyzed using the NVIVO software. The results showed as a result of these factors caused chronic depression terms of the previous treatment failure and multiple courses prior history of depression and a sense of disability of physical problems and chronic pain. This disorder has been achieved in the context of the problem in terms of social / familial and financial / employment / education. The results showed that the basic conditions to depression include cognitive and behavioral factors which are influenced by mood and emotion regulation. The continuation of this disorder is the result of factors and physical health as well as social and family factors and occupational, academic and financial factors, which leads to the symptoms of chronic depression. Based on the grounded theory method of this study, Since most psychotherapy processes have been emphasized on aspects of cognitive / behavioral, at the time of the chronicity of the disorder, better health priority, according to maintaining these categories: health problems and physical and fields family / social and jobs / education /financial. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
19 - The Role of Cognitive Emotion Regulation Strategies in the Prediction of Depression
azam salehiThe goal of the present study was to determine the role of cognitive emotion regulation strategies in predicting depression. In this correlation study, 262 Isfahan Payame noor University students from different fields were selected by multi-stage random sampling method. MoreThe goal of the present study was to determine the role of cognitive emotion regulation strategies in predicting depression. In this correlation study, 262 Isfahan Payame noor University students from different fields were selected by multi-stage random sampling method. Cognitive Emotion Regulation Strategies Questionaire (Garnefski et al., 2002) and SCL-90 (Derogatis et al., 1973), Were administered. Research data were analyzed by Pearson correlation coefficient and stepwise regression. The results of stepwise regression analysis showed that from among of the nine scales of cognitive emotion regulation strategies scale, catastrophizing, acceptance, refocusing on planning, rumination, and recent stress, respectively, influence and significantly predict depression (P < 0.001). But, self-blame, blaming others, positive reappraisal, positive refocusing and putting into perspective strategies had no effect on depression and were removed from the equation. These results provide guidelines for the prevention of depression through modification of cognitive emotion regulation strategies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
20 - The Effectiveness of Muscular Relaxation on Depression, Anxiety and blood glucose in Type I diabetic women
Farah NaderiThis study aimed to assess the effect of relaxation on depression, anxiety and HbA1c in type I diabetic women. In this study which was a quasi-experimental with pre-test, post-test and control group, the population was all type I diabetic women which referred to the Dia MoreThis study aimed to assess the effect of relaxation on depression, anxiety and HbA1c in type I diabetic women. In this study which was a quasi-experimental with pre-test, post-test and control group, the population was all type I diabetic women which referred to the Diabetes Clinic in Kermanshah. The 24 of patients were selected by available sampling method and randomly divided into experimental and control groups. For pre-test the scores of Beck Depression Inventory, Spielberger anxiety and HbA1c tests were recorded. Then the experimental group during a nine-week (twice a week) participated in relaxation session and after three month subjects in both groups were post-tested. For data analysis, descriptive statistics, Levene Test, analysis of covariance were used. In the post test there was no significant difference in average depression scores of two groups (p= 3.07) but, trait anxiety average, state anxiety average and blood glucose of experimental group were decreased significantly in comparison to pre-test (p= 34.14, p= 11.16, p= 10.8). So, it concluded that relaxation decreases anxiety and helps to better control of blood glucose in type I diabetic women but, this technique which has been used in this study was not effective in reducing depression in these patients. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
21 - The Role of Perfectionism Dimensions and Defensive Styles in Depression-Among University Students
masumeh ghasemipoor kordmahale mojtaba amirimajdThe purpose of this study was to investigate the role of perfectionism dimensions and defensive styles in depression among Rasht Islamic Azad University student’s. 300 undergraduate university students were selected by cluster sampling and completed Multidimension MoreThe purpose of this study was to investigate the role of perfectionism dimensions and defensive styles in depression among Rasht Islamic Azad University student’s. 300 undergraduate university students were selected by cluster sampling and completed Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale (MPS, Hewitt & Felt, 1991) and Defense Style Questionnaire (DSQ-40, Andrews, Singh, & Bond, 1993) and Beck Depression Inventory (BDL-II, Beck, 1961). Data were analysis using regression analysis. The results showed that the three dimensions of perfectionism {egocentric, other-oriented, community-oriented} had a significant effect on symptoms of depression. Also, the three dimensions of perfectionism had a significant effect on defense style (mature defense mechanism, immature defense mechanism, neurotic defense mechanism) (p≤.0.05). Results of regression analyzes revealed that mature defense style, immature and neuroticism could predict depression level in university students (p≤.0.05). It can be concluded that dimensions of perfectionism and defense style predict depression severity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
22 - The Effectiveness Of Positive Thinking And Praying On Anxiety And Depression among 17-19 Year Olds
معصومه Fallahi elahe asadiThis study examined the effectiveness of positive thinking and prayer on anxiety and depression among 17-19 year olds from families supported by Imam Khomeini Relief Foundation in Shiraz. It was a semi-experimental research using a pretest - posttest method with control MoreThis study examined the effectiveness of positive thinking and prayer on anxiety and depression among 17-19 year olds from families supported by Imam Khomeini Relief Foundation in Shiraz. It was a semi-experimental research using a pretest - posttest method with control group. In so doing, from the population 30 available samples were selected to complete the questionnaires. They were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups (15 each). The experimental group received 8 ninety-minute sessions of positive thinking and prayer education. The instruments were Positive Thinking and Prayer Package (Mohammadi, 2014), Depression Questionnaire (Beck, 1988) and Anxiety Questionnaire (Beck, 1990). The data from the questionnaires were analyzed using ANCOVA. The results showed that positive thinking and prayer education decreased anxiety and depression. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
23 - The Effectiveness of Compassion Focused Therapy on Depression and Self Criticism of Female University Students
maryam shariati najmeh Hamid Esmaeel Hashemi ShaykhShabani Kiumars beshlideh Ali MarashiThe aim of this study was to investigate the effect of compassion-based therapy on depression and self criticism of female students. This study employed a semi-experimental method and used a pre-test, post-test and follow up design with experimental and control groups. MoreThe aim of this study was to investigate the effect of compassion-based therapy on depression and self criticism of female students. This study employed a semi-experimental method and used a pre-test, post-test and follow up design with experimental and control groups. The population included all female students of university of Farhangian in Ahvaz in 2014 (1393-94s.c.). From among 200 students who were registered to participate in the study, 40 students who had received one standard deviation above the mean in the test of depression, were selected randomly and assigned in the experimental (20 students) and control (students) groups. The tools of this study were Beck Depression Inventory (Beck, et al, 1996) and Levels of Self-Criticism Scale (Thompson, 2004). The experimental group received 8 sessions of the compassion-based therapy. The analysis of covariance showed that compassion-based therapy decreased students’ depression and self criticism (internalizing self-criticism and comparative self-criticism). (P<0.0001). These results significantly persisted after follow-up period. It was then concluded that compassion-based therapy can be used by psychologist as a new and effective method to decrease depression and female students’ self-criticism. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
24 - The Effect of Group Logotherapy on Depression and Hope in University Students
سمیه رباط میلی مهناز مهرابی زاده هنرمند یداله زرگر روح اله کریمی خویگانیThe purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of group logotherapy on depression and hope on the statistical population of Shahid Chamran University students. The research was a semi-experimental, pretest- posttest- follow up with control group . 40 stude MoreThe purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of group logotherapy on depression and hope on the statistical population of Shahid Chamran University students. The research was a semi-experimental, pretest- posttest- follow up with control group . 40 students with high depression in Beck Depression Inventory (1972) and low hope in Miller Hope Scale (1988) were selected by multistage sampling and assigned randomly to two experimental (n=20) and control (n=20) group s . The experimental group participated in 10 sessions of group logotherapy. Then, inventories were administrated again as the post-test and 1 month follow up to both groups . The results of analysis of covariance showed that the mean of depression in the experimental group was significantly less and the mean of hope was significantly more than those of the control group both at the post- and follow-up tests (P < 0.01). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
25 - Comparison of spirituality in women with depression, anxiety and normal people
fereshteh hajmohammadi hamid taher neshat doostThe present study compared the spirituality of three group of women with depression, anxiety and normal control. The subjects consisted of women with depression, anxiety and normal. With the use of available sampling30 depressed women and 30 anxious women who referred t MoreThe present study compared the spirituality of three group of women with depression, anxiety and normal control. The subjects consisted of women with depression, anxiety and normal. With the use of available sampling30 depressed women and 30 anxious women who referred to consulting centers in Isfahan in year 2014, were referred to the researchers; Also 30 normal women without the history of psychiatric disorders were selected. The questions were consisted of the Beck Depression Inventory, Beck Anxiety Inventory and the Spirituality tendency inventory. Results of analysis of variance showed the difference between the three groups of depressed, anxious and normal people was significant in spirituality(p<0.01). Also, the spirituality of normal women were higher than women with depression or anxiety (p<0/04). But there was no significant difference between the two group depressed and anxious (p<0.01). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
26 - A Comparison of Three Methods of Drug, Cognitive and Behavior Therapy in Reducing Depression Among Adolescents
اصغر آقایی مرضیه رفیعیان اصفهانی حمیدرضا نیکیار ایران مهدیزادگانThis study was quasi-exprerimental and the purpose was to compare the effectiveness of three methods of drug, cognitive, and behavior therapy in the reduction of depression in adolescents. The subjects in this research were depressed adolescents aged to referred to MoreThis study was quasi-exprerimental and the purpose was to compare the effectiveness of three methods of drug, cognitive, and behavior therapy in the reduction of depression in adolescents. The subjects in this research were depressed adolescents aged to referred to two counseling centers in Isfahan. The depressed were those who had acquired a score of or more on Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and diagnosed as depressed by psychologists and psychiatrists according to DSM-IV-IR criteria. Sixty of the above-mentioned subjects were randomly assigned to four groups of drug, cognitive, behavior therapy and control. The instruments for this research were psychological assessment, beck's Depression Inventory and Demography Questionnaire. Beck's Depression Inventory was used as the pre and post-test. The drug group received anti-depression drugs such as SSRIs (Fluoxetine, Fluvoxamine, Sertraline) or other drug combinations with increased Lithium with effective doses. The two of cognitive and behavior groups therapy took part in seven sessions of hours structured instruction and practice. The control group received no treatment. The variables, age, sex, education and economic status of the subjects were controlled. To analyze the data, percentages, mean, standard deviation and distribution tables were used. As for inferential statistics, covariance analysis and LSD follow-up test were used to compare the groups in pairs. The results indicated that the post-test of depression showed a significant difference between the four groups (P = ). However, there was a significant difference between the means depression of each group and the control group (P = ). The effect of each therapy was as follows: drug therapy percent, cognitive therapy percent, and behavior therapy percent. Finally, the results showod that drug, cognitive and behavior therapy were-effective in the reduction-of depressionin adolescents. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
27 - Relationship Between Aggression, Assertiveness, Depression and Addiction Potential In Female Students of Allameh Tabbatabai
mehrdad hajihasani abdollah shafiabadi fahime PIRSAGHI Omar Kiyani pourThe purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between aggression, assertiveness, depression and addiction potential in female students of Allameh Tabbatabai. The research method was correlational-survey and a total of 150 girls were chosen by available s MoreThe purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between aggression, assertiveness, depression and addiction potential in female students of Allameh Tabbatabai. The research method was correlational-survey and a total of 150 girls were chosen by available sampling. Data was collected by Ahvaz Aggression Questionnaire (AGQ), Gambril & Rigy Assertiveness questionnaire , Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and Zargari Addiction Potential Questionnaire. Then, data was analyzed via correlation , SD, frequency, mode and regression analysis. Results showed that the relationship between aggression, assertiveness, depression and addiction potential was significant . (P < 0.01) . The results of the multivariate regression analysis showed that linear combination of aggression, assertiveness and depression can predict the Addiction Potential (P < 0.01). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
28 - Relationship between Overweight with Self â Esteem Depression, Life Style and Body â Self in Self â Referred Woman to Weight Decrease Centers
محسن گلپرور محسن گلپرور منوچهر کامکار منوچهر کامکار بیتا ریسمانچیانAbstract :This research administered with the aim of investigate relation between overweight in self–referred woman to weight decrease centers with self– esteem, depression, life style and body–self in Isfahan city. For reach to research aims, in spring mounts of year, MoreAbstract :This research administered with the aim of investigate relation between overweight in self–referred woman to weight decrease centers with self– esteem, depression, life style and body–self in Isfahan city. For reach to research aims, in spring mounts of year, persons of self– referred woman to decrease or control weight centers (from three private doctor's office) selected with the use of simple random sampling. The questionnaires which used in this research were: Cooper Smit's self esteem questionnaire, Tam Cash's body–self questionnaire, Beck s depression questionnaire and life style questionnaire. The overweight measured with using difference between ideal weight and current weight (that is, the time of refer to decrease weight center). The cronbach s alpha for the research instruments were (for self – esteem), (for depression), (for life style) and (for body–self) respectively. The data analyzed with using Pearson's correlation coefficient, enter and stepwise regression analysis. The results of data analysis revealed that overweight only have significant relation with depression (r = , P < ) , with subjective weight (r = , P < ) and with appearance evaluation (r = , P < ). In enter regression, subjective weight and fitness orientation (two subscale of body–self questionnaire) have significant predictive power for prediction of overweight and stepwise regression analysis showed that subjective weight, fitness orientation and appearance evaluation, respectively have significant predictive power for prediction of overweight. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
29 - Ù ÙاÛس٠ÙÙØ´ ÙÛØاÙÛ Ù Ø³Ø¨Ú©âÙØ§Û ÙÙÛت در زÙا٠٠بتÙا ب٠اÙØ³Ø±Ø¯Ú¯Û Ø§Ø³Ø§Ø³Û Ù Ø²Ùا٠عادÛ
homa askarian moghadan zanjani Friborze Bagheri Mojtaba Jazayeri Mohammad Torkaman Hamid AmiriThis study compared emotional intelligence and identity styles of women with major depression disorder and normal women. Therefore 60 women who were diagnosed as major depression were selected from clients of a consultancy center in 2011 (1390s.c.) and also 60 female MoreThis study compared emotional intelligence and identity styles of women with major depression disorder and normal women. Therefore 60 women who were diagnosed as major depression were selected from clients of a consultancy center in 2011 (1390s.c.) and also 60 female students of "Islamic Azad University, science and research branch of Tehran" who were not so diagnosed were conveniently selected. Measurement tools consisted of Emotional Intelligence Scale (Bar-On, 1997) and Extended Objective Measure of Ego Identity Status (Bennion & Adams, 1986). Results of Pearson correlation coefficient and MANOVA showed significant differences between depressed and normal women in the levels of emotional intelligence (P < 0.001) and identity styles (P < 0.001). Also, the relationship between emotional intelligence and identity status of each group, separately was significant (P < 0.001). This study suggests the importance and significance of the relationship between emotional intelligence and identity style in explaining depression. The results may be used in prevention and treatment programs. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
30 - The Effectiveness of Spiritual and Existential Group Therapy on the Rates of Depression, Death anxiety and Afterlife Belief among Students: A Study Based on the Reports of People with Death Experience
Mohamad Bagher Kajbaf Alinaghi Ghasemiannejad Jahromi Seyed Habibolah Ahmadi ForushaniThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of spiritual and existential group therapy on depression, death anxiety and belief in afterlife. The research was a quasi-experimental study with pretest-posttest design and a control group. The population cons MoreThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of spiritual and existential group therapy on depression, death anxiety and belief in afterlife. The research was a quasi-experimental study with pretest-posttest design and a control group. The population consisted of all undergraduates in the University of Isfahan in 2014. Then, 16 students with high depression scores from the Beck Depression Inventory (Beck et al, 1961), high death anxiety scores from the Death Anxiety Scale (Templer, 1970) and low scores of afterlife belief from Islamic Belief about Fairly Afterlife (Golparvar et al, 2011) were selected via convenience sampling method. Then they were randomly assigned into an experimental and a control group. The experimental group participated in six sessions of group therapy while the control group did not receive any therapy. After post-test administration, the results of the covariance analysis showed a significant difference between post-test scores of the experimental and control groups on death anxiety (P<0.05). According to the results, it was concluded that combining existential and spiritual therapies along with descriptions of near-death experiences can have a significant impact on reducing death anxiety. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
31 - The Effect of Fordyce Happiness Training on Depression of Sponsorless Women in Isfahan
monir farzadfar hosin molavi hamid atashporAbstract: The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of Fordyce happiness training on the extent of depression in women without sponsors. Therefore, sponsorless women diagnosed as depressed by the physician and those pretested were randomly selected fr MoreAbstract: The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of Fordyce happiness training on the extent of depression in women without sponsors. Therefore, sponsorless women diagnosed as depressed by the physician and those pretested were randomly selected from among all the depressed women and assigned to two groups Training and Control. The Beck Depression Inventory and Oxford Happiness Scale were administered to all the subjects as the pre- and post-tests. A demographic questionnaire was also given to the subjects. Seven weekly sessions of happiness training, minutes each, were given to the training group. The control group did not receive training. The results of analysis of covariance showed that there was significantly more reduction in the mean depression scores of the training group than in the control group (P≤ ). Also there was significantly more increase in the mean happiness scores of the training group than in the control group (P≤ ). Therefore, the hypotheses of the research were confirmed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
32 - A Study of Reliability and Validity of Depression-Happiness Scale (DHS)
علیاصغر بیانیThe main objective in this study was to examine the reliability and validity of Depression-Happiness Scale (DHS). Therefore, a sample of students from Islamic Azad University of Azadshahr was randomly chosen. The reliability of DHS was tested through three methods of MoreThe main objective in this study was to examine the reliability and validity of Depression-Happiness Scale (DHS). Therefore, a sample of students from Islamic Azad University of Azadshahr was randomly chosen. The reliability of DHS was tested through three methods of Cronbach's alpha, test-retest. The correlation coefficients were and respectively. The validity of DHS was evaluated through construct validity and administration of both Oxford Happiness Inventory (OHI) and Beck depressing Inventory (BDI). A significant positive correlation coefficient of emerged between DHS and OHI this correlation for BDI was with . In general, The Persian Version of Depressing-Happiness Scale showed to have fairly acceptable level of reliability and validity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
33 - The Effect of A Course of Selected Aerobic Exercises on the Mood Disorders in Students Aged
قاسم رحیمی محمد کارگر اصغر آقاییThe main purpose of the present research is to investigate the impact of a certain exposure of aerobic exercises and movements on the subjects with modal disorders (depression and mania). The subjects were years old male students in the city of Shiraz in the Province MoreThe main purpose of the present research is to investigate the impact of a certain exposure of aerobic exercises and movements on the subjects with modal disorders (depression and mania). The subjects were years old male students in the city of Shiraz in the Province of Fars, Iran. Shiraz is divided into four educational areas. In this investigation, the researcher randomly took four schools each of which is located in one of the four areas. Then, from each school three classes were randomly chosen. Thus, we had classes with subjects who were given the pretest of MMPI personal questionnaires. Then their reactions were evaluated and graded, and those who had answered over average on the test of depression and the test of mania, being exactly , were marked as the trial subjects. Then, from each group with any of the disorders, the researcher chose subjects randomly, and each group of was divided into two subgroups of ten, regarding their prestest scores, to be as the experimental groups were exposed to the treatment, ie, the defined aerobic movements and exercises given in three sessions per week for about two months ( weeks) and each session lasted forty-five minutes and the treatment matched tension of vo max , and of course the control group during the period of treatment did not receive any regular sport program and activity. At the end, the groups were given their post-test to see if there was any important change in their reactions to the test. The results were analyzed by comparing their co-variances which led to the following findings: a. A significant difference was observed in the averge of the testees' scores of the subjects with the depression problem regarding their post and pre reactions. b. There was also a significant difference between the average scores of mania subjects comparing their post-and pre-test scores. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
34 - The Influence of Rehabilitation Course of Psychological Services in Addicts Negative Self Concept, Anxiety, Depression and Self-Esteem in The Rapeutic Communing Center of Ahwaz
ساسان باوی محمد رضا برناThe purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of rehabilitation course of Psycho-logical services in negative self concept , anxie-ty, epression and self esteem addicted men in therapeutic community center of Ahwaz in 2007-2008. esearch plan is of quasiexp MoreThe purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of rehabilitation course of Psycho-logical services in negative self concept , anxie-ty, epression and self esteem addicted men in therapeutic community center of Ahwaz in 2007-2008. esearch plan is of quasiexperimen-tal "pretest- posttest" with one group. The sam-ple of the research were 50 men from the well being – volantry in therapeutic community cen-ter in Ahvwaz.the tools of the research are Rogers's self concept test, Cattel's anxiety test, Beck's depression test and Copper Smith's self esteem test .the results show that the presenta-tion of the psychological services in therapeutic community center of Ahwaz reduced the mean of negative self oncept, depression, an-xiety and increased the mean of selt esteem in the addicted men. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
35 - The Relation Between Alexithymia with Emotional Intelligence, Anxiety and Depression in boys students of Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz Branch
Behnam Makvandi A.R Heidarei منیجه shehni yailagh بهمن Najarian پرویز AsgariThe purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation among alexithymia with emotional intelligence, anxiety and depression male students of Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz Branch. Statistical population included male students of Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz b MoreThe purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation among alexithymia with emotional intelligence, anxiety and depression male students of Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz Branch. Statistical population included male students of Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz branch. 215 students were selected through stratified random sampling and assessed using Ahvaz Alexithymia Scale (AAS-26), Makvandi, Haydarei, Shehni Yailagh, Najarian & Askery, 2011). Petrides and Furnham Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire (2001), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI, 1990) and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI, 1997). In order to analysis the data, simple correlation and regression analysis method were used. The results indicated that there was a correlation between alexithymia with emotional intelligence, anxiety and depression (P < 0.01). Finally a multiple regression analysis showed that depression and social skills in emotional intelligence were significant predictors of alexithymia. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
36 - The Clarification of Contribution of Meta-Cognitive BelieFs in Explaining the Symptoms of Depression, Anxiety and Stress in Nurses
sepideh purnamdarian behrooz birashk ali asghar asghar nejad faridThe purpose of this study was to clarify the contribution of meta-cognitive beliefs in explaining the symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress. Method of research was correlation, and the research population consisted of nurses who were employed by and working for B MoreThe purpose of this study was to clarify the contribution of meta-cognitive beliefs in explaining the symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress. Method of research was correlation, and the research population consisted of nurses who were employed by and working for Be’sat hospital in Hamadan. Therefore 120 nurses of this hospital were selected by the help of the method of Random sampling . Participants are surveyed using a short meta-cognitive questionnaire (MCQ-30) (Wells and Cartwright - Hutton, 2004) and a short form of depression, anxiety and stress scales (DASS-21), (Anthony et al, 1998). In order to predict the contribution of meta-cognitive beliefs, Multivariate regression analysis was applied using stepwise and using the software SPSS 16 analysis. Results show that, among the subscales of meta-cognitive beliefs, variable of uncontrollability has a major part in explaining the symptoms of depression. Thereafter, it was needed to control the thoughts and Cognitive confidence which had the most contribution in predicting symptoms of depression . Concerning the anxiety and stress variables, uncontrollability had the most effective role in predicting the symptoms of anxiety and stress (P < 0.01). Findings of this study show that meta cognitive beliefs, especially negative beliefs associated with the uncontrollable and the need to control thoughts, are the best predictor for depression, anxiety and stress. Also, the approaches of this study support the meta-cognitive model of depression and anxiety and its role in reducing symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
37 - Comparison of Temperament- character Personality Characteristics among Addicted, Depressed, Anxious and Normal People
امیرحسین علی محمدی فرشاد شیبانی نوقابی کمیل زاهدی تجریشیThe current study aimed to compare the personality characteristics (temperament and character) of addicted, depressed, anxious and normal people. In this cross- sectional causal- comparative study ,120 participants consisting of 90 mental patients: 30 addicted,30 depres MoreThe current study aimed to compare the personality characteristics (temperament and character) of addicted, depressed, anxious and normal people. In this cross- sectional causal- comparative study ,120 participants consisting of 90 mental patients: 30 addicted,30 depressed and 30 anxious patients referred to therapeutic centers of Bojnord and normal people subjects of same city in 2011(1389.s.c) were selected. All participants were asked to complete the Cloninger et al. Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI),(1991) and data were analyzed using two- way ANOVA,MANOVA and Tukey post-hoc test. The results showed that in perseverance temperamental dimension, anxious patients and normal group had higher scores respectively which were significant in comparison with addicted patients(p < 0.01).On the other hand , addicted and anxious patients significant had the highest mean scores in novelty- seeking and harm-avoidance temperamental dimensions respectively (p < 0.01).The normal group had the highest scores on reward-dependence temperamental dimension which was significant in comparison with addicted patients(p < 0.01).However, in self- leadership characteristic dimension no significant difference was found. Also significant difference were found in self- leadership between the addicted and the normal groups as well as between the two groups of anxious and depressed patients and the normal group (p < 0.05) , and in cooperation dimension, between the two groups of addicted and depressed persons and the normal group(p < 0.01).The results of the current study showed that besides paying attention to biological factor among drug users ,depressed and anxious patients , the role of emotional and cognitive factor should be assessed ,to provide more suitable solutions and therapy. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
38 - Comparison of the Effectiveness of Cognitive â behavior Therapy, Methadone Therapy, and the Combination Method on Reducing Depression in Addicts
farah lotfi kashani mina mojtabai mansour alimehdiThe aim of the present research was to compare the effectiveness of cognitive–behavior therapy, methadone therapy and combination therapy method on reducing depression in addicts. The design of the study was quasi-experimental with pretest –posttest and control group MoreThe aim of the present research was to compare the effectiveness of cognitive–behavior therapy, methadone therapy and combination therapy method on reducing depression in addicts. The design of the study was quasi-experimental with pretest –posttest and control group .The statistical population were all persons who referred to therapeutic centers of two cities of Tehran province in 2013 (1391c.s). The research sample included 40 subjects (male) who were selected by purposeful sampling and placed in the following four groups randomly: cognitive behavior therapy, methadone treatment, and combination therapy, but the control group did not receive any therapy. All participants were tested before and after twelve weeks treatment with the Beck Depression Inventory (Beck, 2000) and clinical interviews were done. The results of analysis of covariance showed that all three treatments, cognitive behavioral therapy, methadone therapy and combination method, as compared with the control group, were effective in improving depression (P < 0.001). Also, results showed that there is not significant difference in the effectiveness of methadone therapy and combination method. Therefore, the two methods of therapy are effective on the rate of depression. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
39 - Prediction of depression based on cognitive emotion regulation strategies and marital satisfaction in women
somayeh mardani hoseinali mehrabiThe study aimed to predict depression by cognitive emotion regulation strategies and marital satisfaction in women. The study population consisted of all married women in Isfahan, from among them 400 persons were selected by simple random sampling.. Data were collected MoreThe study aimed to predict depression by cognitive emotion regulation strategies and marital satisfaction in women. The study population consisted of all married women in Isfahan, from among them 400 persons were selected by simple random sampling.. Data were collected through a four questionnaire including Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (Garnefski, 2001), Enrich Marital Satisfaction (Fowers & Olson, 1989), DASS-21 Questionnaire (Lovibond & Lovibond, 1995) and demographic characteristics. - Results of regression analysis showed marital relatives 17.7%, Catastrophizing 11.6%, other blame 4.4%, positive refocusing 3.5%, education 1.6%, self-blame 1.2%, friends 0.9% and these seven variables anticipated 40.9% of depression. According to the results, Catastrophizing, other blame, positive refocusing and self-blame among cognitive emotion regulation strategies and marital relatives and friends among levels of marital satisfaction can be assumed as structures that are related to depression symptoms in married women and study them as an important factor in relation to prevention and treatment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
40 - Comparison Between Empty Nest Syndrome in Parents, Before and After Their Child(ren) Left Home
Fatemeh Mahdiyar Mohammad Khayyer Seyedeh Maryam HosseiniThe aim of the present research was to study the empty nest syndrome among parents before and after their youth(s) left home.The study was a causal-comparative research. Statistical population was all the family in the city of Shiraz that at least one of their child MoreThe aim of the present research was to study the empty nest syndrome among parents before and after their youth(s) left home.The study was a causal-comparative research. Statistical population was all the family in the city of Shiraz that at least one of their children, left home in the year 2012-2013. A sample of 75 urban families were selected by simple random sampling. (GHQ, Goldberg, 1972) For gathering the data, Loneliness Scale (UCLA, Russell, 1980) and General Health Questionnaire level of were used. The data were analyzed by dependent and independent t-test. anxiety, depression and sense of loneliness were higher in both parents and anxiety, depression and sense of loneliness in mothers were higher compared to fathers and also parents with higher level of education had better psychological conditions and lower level of loneliness than parents with lower level of education after the youth(s) left home (P < 0.05). In addition, positive relationship was observed between the number of child(ren) moving out from parent’s house and the level of experienced depression, anxiety and sense of loneliness in mothers (P < 0.01). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
41 - Prediction of love trauma and depression based on attachment styles of university students with emotional breakdown
Naser Yoosefi Ahmad Amani Rasoul Asgari Majid SoleymaniThe aim of this study was to predict love trauma and depression based on attachment styles of university students with emotional breakdown. The conducted study is descriptive and correlation, and the population consisted of all Qom University students with emotional bre MoreThe aim of this study was to predict love trauma and depression based on attachment styles of university students with emotional breakdown. The conducted study is descriptive and correlation, and the population consisted of all Qom University students with emotional breakdown who studied in the academic years of 2015-16. 200 students were selected by purposive sampling method. For data collection, Attachment Style(Collins and Reid, 1990), Beck Depression(Beck, 1961) and Love Trauma(Ross, 1999) Inventories were used. To test the hypotheses, software spss was used that the results showed from attachment styles only avoidant style is able to predict love trauma(p>0/001) and depression(p>0/006) significantly. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
42 - The moderating role of depression and procrastination in the effects of self-compassion on adaptive social functioning in high school students
reza golpoor morteza tarkhanThe main purpose of this research was to study the moderating role of depression and procrastination in the effects OF self-compassion on adaptive social functioning in high school students. The research method was descriptive correlational and the sample of the researc MoreThe main purpose of this research was to study the moderating role of depression and procrastination in the effects OF self-compassion on adaptive social functioning in high school students. The research method was descriptive correlational and the sample of the research included 288High school boy students of Nowshahr City who were selected by Multistage cluster sampling method. In this research a set of questionnaires were used namely, Inventory of self compassion, depression, procrastination and adaptive and social performance. The results showed that Self-compassion was not significant effect on social-adaptive performance. Depression was a significant effect on social-adaptive performance and procrastination was a significant effect on social-adaptive performance(P≤0.01). Results of hierarchical regression showed that Depression and procrastination had a moderating role in the effect of self-compassion on social-adaptive performance. So it can be expressed that by reducing symptoms of depression and procrastination can be improve adaptive social performance in students. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
43 - The effect of self-perception on mental vulnerability mediated by emotional distress tolerance in people with depressive disorder
faezeh noroozi Mahbobeh Zare MarzoniThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of self-perception on mental vulnerability mediated by emotional distress tolerance in people with depressive disorder. The research was a descriptive correlation based on Path analysis. The statistical population MoreThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of self-perception on mental vulnerability mediated by emotional distress tolerance in people with depressive disorder. The research was a descriptive correlation based on Path analysis. The statistical population of the present study consisted of all women with depressive disorder with a record in 27 counseling and treatment centers for psychological disorders under the supervision of the Welfare Organization in Gorgan in 2020. In this study, 260 women with depressive disorder were selected as the sample size available. The research instruments included Mental Vulnerability Questionnaire of Najarian and Davoodi (2001), Self-Perception Questionnaire of Pourhossein (2009) and Emotional Distress Tolerance Questionnaire Simmons and Gahr (2005). Data analysis was performed by structural equation modeling based on multivariate regression and 18SPSS software, 23 Amos. Findings showed that self-perception of -0.32 and emotional distress tolerance -0.23 had a direct effect on mental vulnerability (P<0/001). The indirect effect of self-perception on the mediation of emotional distress tolerance on mental vulnerability was confirmed (P<0/001). In general, 0.38 of the mental vulnerability variable can be explained by self-perception through the mediation of emotional distress tolerance. The results of this study provide practical implications for reducing psychological harm with respect to the components of emotional distress tolerance and self-perception in depressed people. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
44 - Effect of treatment based on Olson’s Circumplex Model on emotional divorce, relationship beliefs, Stress- Anxiety- Depression among couples exposed to emotional divorce
sanaz khodadust hossein ebrahimi moghaddam khadije abolmaaliThis research was conducted aiming at determining the effect of Olson’s Circumplex Model onemotional divorce, relational beliefs, Stress- Anxiety- Depressionamong couples exposed to emotional divorce. The study was a semi-experimental research of pretest-posttest MoreThis research was conducted aiming at determining the effect of Olson’s Circumplex Model onemotional divorce, relational beliefs, Stress- Anxiety- Depressionamong couples exposed to emotional divorce. The study was a semi-experimental research of pretest-posttest type with a control group. 16 couples were selected among all couples with irrational relation that seeking a couple’s therapy reffered to Dr. Hosein Ebrahimi Moghaddam's clinic in the year 95-96, they were selected by using available sampling method. After the interview, they were assigned to two experimental and control groups (two groups of 8couples). The intervention based on Olson Model was held at 10 sessions of 90 minutes. Before and after training, Emotional Divorce scale (Gottman, 2000), Relational Beliefs inventory Eidelson& Epstein, (1982) and Depression- Anxiety- Stress Scale (Lovibond& Lovibond, 1995) were used and data were analyzed by covariance analysis. The results showed a significant difference in emotional separation, dysfunctional components of Disagreement is destructive, Mind reding is expected, Partner can not change also anxiety and depression (P <0.05). There was no significant difference in Sexual perfectionism, the sexual are different and stress variable. The findings showed this method has improved relationships between couples, a sense of intimacy and satisfaction, and reduced psychological stress. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
45 - The effect of stress and egocentricity on depression and aggression of adults: mediated by the emotion regulation difficulties
Neda Mellat Soqra Ebrahimi Qavam Masoud Gholamali Lavasani Esmaeil SadipourThe main purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of stress and egocentricity on depression and aggression mediated by emotion regulation difficulties. The statistical population of this study was adults (20-60 years old) in Isfahan in 2017 and 700 participan MoreThe main purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of stress and egocentricity on depression and aggression mediated by emotion regulation difficulties. The statistical population of this study was adults (20-60 years old) in Isfahan in 2017 and 700 participants were selected by convenience sampling method. The measures consisted of Aggression questionnaire (Bryant & Smith, 2001), the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (Gratz & Roemer, 2004), the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scales (Lovibond & Lovibond, 1995), Psychopathic Personality Inventory-Revised (Sörman, 2016), Symptom Checklist-90- Revised (Derogatis, 1997). The structural equations modeling, Bootstrapping, and analysis of variance method have been used for data analysis.The results confirmed the direct effect of egocentricity on difficulties in Emotion Regulation and aggression. The results showed the direct effect of stress on Emotion Regulation difficulties and depression. Emotion Regulation difficulties have a direct effect on depression and aggression. The mediating analysis showed that stress has an indirect effect on depression mediated by difficulty in emotion regulation. Results highlight the role of emotion regulation difficulties and poverty in the prevalence and persistence of depression and aggression. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
46 - Depression in the elderly: Investigating the role of self-compassion and wisdom
Niloofar Mikaeili Saeede hedayatThe purpose of this study was to determine the role of self-compassion and wisdom in anticipating depression in the elderly. The statistical population of the study consisted of all elderly people over 60 years of age in Kermanshah in 2019. A total of 200 elderly member MoreThe purpose of this study was to determine the role of self-compassion and wisdom in anticipating depression in the elderly. The statistical population of the study consisted of all elderly people over 60 years of age in Kermanshah in 2019. A total of 200 elderly members of the Association of retired persons were selected through accessible sampling. In this research the Self-Compassion Scale (Neff, 2003), The 3D Wisdom Model (Ardelt, 2003) and Geriatric Depression Scale (Yesavage, 1982) were used to collect information.Data were analyzed by Pearson correlation and multiple stepwise regressionanalysis and via SPSS25 software. Findings show that self-compassion and wisdom are correlated with depression. Also, the results of regression coefficients showed that%25 of variance of depression was predicted by self-compassion and%19 of variance by wisdom. Therefore, the high level of self-compassion and wisdom as important factors in improving mental health reduces the risk of depression in the elderly. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
47 - The effect of positive psychotherapy (PPT) on Signs of depression and self steem of obese women
fatemeh saadatbin javaheri mansor hakim javadi Reza soltani shalObesity as an epidemic disease plays an important role in the development of several Psychological disorders in obese people. In the same vein the main purpose of­this article is determining the effectiveness of positive­­-psychotherapy in­the reduction MoreObesity as an epidemic disease plays an important role in the development of several Psychological disorders in obese people. In the same vein the main purpose of­this article is determining the effectiveness of positive­­-psychotherapy in­the reduction of sings of depression and self-steem in obese ­women. For this­ aim, a single-case experimental trial of multiple-baseline type was carried out. To conduct the study,4 people with symptoms of depression and low self-esteem were selected from among the applicants who had contacted following an announcement in cyberspace about holding positive­ psycho therapy sessions to reduce the psychological damage caused by obesity. 3 participants cooperated until the end. First, for each participant, between 2 and4 baseline sessions were held at random. Assessments were performed using the Depression (Goldberg, 1972) and Self-Esteem (Cooper Smith, 1967) Questionnaires of the intervention and follow-up sessions. Data were presented using visual analysis, charting, descriptive statistics index and calculation of recovery percentage. The results showed that positive-psychotherapy was effective in reducing depressive symptoms and increasing self-esteem in obese­­women. Positive­psychotherapy interventions can replace positive­ thoughts with negative ones in­obese­people, which­can improve depression and increase self-esteem. The results of a three-month follow-up period also showed that positive-psychotherapy for depression was still present while Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
48 - Predicting social media addiction in adolescent student based on depression and narcissistic personality considering the mediating role of self-disclosure
Haydeh Haeri simin bashardoust Hayede SaberiThe aim of this study was to predict social media addiction in adolescent student based on depression and narcissistic personality by considering the mediating role of self-disclosure. The study was descriptive and correlational design and from the sample of correlation MoreThe aim of this study was to predict social media addiction in adolescent student based on depression and narcissistic personality by considering the mediating role of self-disclosure. The study was descriptive and correlational design and from the sample of correlation schemes and the statistical population included all male and female high school students in Tehran, from which 300 students were selected using multi-stage cluster method. Data were obtained through questionnaires of Social Network Orientation and Use (Momeni and Taghilo, 2016), Beck Depression Inventory (1978), Narcissistic Personality (Raskin & Terry, 1988) and Virtual Self-Disclosure (Chelon, 1978). Data were analyzed by multivariate regression analysis in SPSS-20 statistical software. The findings showed that there is a significant effect between depression, narcissistic personality and self-disclosure with social media addiction (p=0/01). Also, the proposed model had a good fit (c2/df=3/09, CFI=0/971, AGFI=0/926, GFI=0/973, RMSEA=0/083) and the results support the mediating role of self-disclosure in relation to narcissistic personality and self-disclosure and social media addiction. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
49 - Develop a training package of Coping with Job Stress and Comparing the Effect of this Model and Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy on Anxiety and Depression in Tam Kar’s employees
somayeh GORJI اصغر آقایی mohsen golparvarThe aim of this study was develop a training package of coping with job stress and compare its effec with mindfulness-based cognitive therapy on anxiety and depression of Tam Kar’s employees.This research was a combination of exploratory research projects. The phe MoreThe aim of this study was develop a training package of coping with job stress and compare its effec with mindfulness-based cognitive therapy on anxiety and depression of Tam Kar’s employees.This research was a combination of exploratory research projects. The phenomenological qualitative method- content analysis was used to develop a training package to coping with job stress that 7 main codes (anxiety,depression,low emotional intelligence, ineffective coping strategies, cognitive problems,weakness of social skills and weakness of religious beliefs) were obtained And the coping with stress training package was adjusted based on these dimensions. The quantitative research method was a three-stage three-group pilot project in which the statistical population included all employees working in the technical departments of Tam Kar’s Company in Isfahan city Which the use ofpurposeful sampling, 45 employees were selected and randomly assigned to three groups (15 for each group). The Beck's Anxiety Inventory, and Beck's Depression Inventory were used to gather information. Experimental group 1 under the knowledge of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy 8 sessions of 90 minutes and experimental group 2 was trained to coping with job stress in 10 sessions 90-minute. Analysis of covariance was used to analyze the research findings. The results showed that both trainings made significant changes in depression and anxiety in the post-test and follow-up stages (p≤0.05). Further, the results of Bonferroni’s follow-up test implied that there is effectiveness of package of Coping with Job Stress was higher than cognitive therapy based on mindfulness. Therefore, the result of this study provide experimental support for both training to improve depression and anxiety in industry employees. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
50 - Role of discrepancy between explicit and implicit self-esteem in prediction of depression symptoms in students of University
Bahram MalekiThe purpose of this study was to investigate the role of discrepancy between explicit and implicit self-esteem, with depression symptoms. The research method was descriptive and the statistical population was all of the undergraduate students at Farhangian University of MoreThe purpose of this study was to investigate the role of discrepancy between explicit and implicit self-esteem, with depression symptoms. The research method was descriptive and the statistical population was all of the undergraduate students at Farhangian University of Kurdistan in the academic year 2018-2019 with the quantity of 956 students. Among them, using systematic random sampling, 274 subjects were randomly selected and responded to Beck, Steer & Brown Depression Inventory (1996), Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (1965), and Name Initial Preferences Task Nuttin (1987). The data of 253 subjects were analyzed using hierarchical multivariate regression analysis. The results showed that multivariate correlation coefficient for predictor variable of explicit self-esteem was -0.63 which is significant at (P <0.001, β= 0.58), but this prediction does not significant for implicit self-esteem. also, multivariate correlation coefficient for direction and magnitude of discrepancy between explicit and implicit self-esteem with depression symptoms was 0.93 which is significant at (P <0.001, β= 0.51). Based on these findings, those who have damaged self-esteem; show a higher level of depression symptoms and those with defense self-esteem; show a lower level of depression symptoms. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
51 - The prediction of rumination and worry based on the ability to control thought and cognitive behavioral avoidance in students university with clinical depression
raziyeh ahmadpour hajar torkanThe purpose of this study was to predict rumination and worry based on the ability to control thought and cognitive behavioral avoidance in students with clinical depression. For this purpose, a sample of 150 students with clinical depression (100 women and 50 men) were MoreThe purpose of this study was to predict rumination and worry based on the ability to control thought and cognitive behavioral avoidance in students with clinical depression. For this purpose, a sample of 150 students with clinical depression (100 women and 50 men) were selected using multi-stage random sampling. In order to collect information from the Thought Control Ability Questionnaire (TCAQ, Luchiano, 2005), Cognitive Behavioral Avoidance Scale (CBAS, Ottenbreit, 2004), rumination scale (Nolen-Hoeksema, 1991), Penn State Worry Questionnaire (PSWQ, Meyer, 1990) and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II, Beck, 1996) and demographic characteristics. The results of regression analysis showed that the ability of thought control and behavioral cognitive avoidance together significantly predict 32.5% of rumination variance and 28.9% of worry variance in students suffering from clinical depression which these values are reliable at the level (p < 0.5). The findings of this study indicate that behavioral avoidance is more predictive than cognitive avoidance of anxiety. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
52 - The effect of rumination-focused cognitive behavior therapy on negative self-evaluation and suicidal ideation, versus mindfulness-based cognitive therapy in depressed adolescent girls aged 14 to 19 committing suicide: two-month follow up
Hadi Izanloo Fatemeh Shahabizadeh Seyed Kaveh Hojjat Seyed Abdolmajid BahrainianSuicide attempt is on the rise among adolescent girls due to negative cognitions, so the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Rumination-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (RFCBT) versus Mindfulness Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) on negative self-evaluat MoreSuicide attempt is on the rise among adolescent girls due to negative cognitions, so the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Rumination-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (RFCBT) versus Mindfulness Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) on negative self-evaluation, and suicidal ideation among depressed girls adolescents aged 14 to 19 attempting suicide. This study was a quasi-experimental design with pre-test and post-test with a control group. Thirty-three depressed adolescent girls attempting suicide who were referred to the emergency department of Samen Al-Aeme and Imam Hassan Hospitals in Bojnourd from October 23, 2019 to March 5, 2020, after having the inclusion criteria, were selected with targeted sampling method, then randomly divided into three groups of rumination-focused cognitive behavioral therapy, mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (10 individual sessions) and control. The research tools included Depression Inventory-2 (Beck & Steer, 1993) and Suicide Probability Scale (Cull & Gill, 1989). Findings obtained from Analysis of covariance showed that both interventions had a significant effect on reducing negative self-evaluation and suicidal ideation at the time of post-test (p <0.001) and follow-up (p <0.05), and this effect was stable during the two-month follow-up period. Therefore, both interventions can reduce negative self-evaluation and suicidal ideation in different ways (decreased rumination and increased mindfulness) but without superiority, so it is recommended to use these two interventions in times of depression and in times of suicidal crisis. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
53 - The Effectiveness of Emotion focused Therapy by Group Training on Depression and Social Well-being of Women Affected by Marital Infidelity
Monirosadat seyedkarimi Karim Afsharriniya Mokhtar ArefiThis study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of training of emotionally focused Therapy in a group way on depression and social well-being of women affected by marital infidelity. The method of this study was quasi-experimental with pretest-posttest& MoreThis study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of training of emotionally focused Therapy in a group way on depression and social well-being of women affected by marital infidelity. The method of this study was quasi-experimental with pretest-posttest design with a control group. The statistical population of this study was "all women referring to counseling centers in 17th district of Tehran in2019 with problem of social well-being and depression due to infidelity". The study sample consisted of 20 participants divided into two groups (experimental and control). Both groups completed Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-I I) (1961), and Keys Social Welfare Questionnaire (1998). Subjects in the experimental group were then trained for ten sessions according to the Emotional Approach Protocol (Ranjbar, 1393). After training, both groups were re-evaluated. Data were analyzed using analysis of covariance through SPSS software. The findings of the study showed that the training of emotionally focused approach significantly reduced depression (p=0/000) and increased social well-being (p=0/000) of women affected by marital infidelity. Describing primary and secondary emotions and paying attention to emotions, were reasons to reduce negative emotions and overcome stressful relationships. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
54 - Effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy on depression, rumination and self – efficacy of depressed female high school students
marzieh abootrabian ilnaz sajadiyanThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment based therapy on rumination, depression and self-efficacy of high school girls in Isfahan. The research method was quasi-experimental pre-test-post-test with control group. Thirty femal MoreThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment based therapy on rumination, depression and self-efficacy of high school girls in Isfahan. The research method was quasi-experimental pre-test-post-test with control group. Thirty female students were randomly selected from a group of female high school students in Khomeini Shahr by screening method and were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups (15 in each group). Subjects in each group answered adolescent depression questionnaires (Kutcher, 2002), rumination answers (Yousefi, 2009) and self-efficacy (Sherrer, 2002) before, after and three months after the intervention. Experimental group 10 sessions, treatment based on acceptance and commitment (Hayes & Strosahl, 2010) but no intervention was performed in the control group. The results of multivariate analysis of covariance showed that the mean scores of depression and rumination of students after treatment decreased in the post-test and follow-up phase and their self-efficacy increased. According to the results of this study, acceptance and commitment-based therapy significantly reduced rumination and depression in the experimental group compared to the control group (P<0.001) and increased the self-efficacy of the experimental group compeared to the control group (P<0.001). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
55 - The relationship of love and belief in vilayat-e-faqih with psychological well-being, psychological distress, anxiety and depression during the Corona pandemic among the general population of Iran
Seyedeh Asma HosseiniThe main purpose of this research was to investigate the relationship between love and belief in vilayat-e-faqih with psychological well-being, psychological distress, anxiety and depression during the Corona pandemic. The statistical population included all Iranian peo MoreThe main purpose of this research was to investigate the relationship between love and belief in vilayat-e-faqih with psychological well-being, psychological distress, anxiety and depression during the Corona pandemic. The statistical population included all Iranian people in the age range of 18 to 65 years, and finally, 847 volunteers from the general population of the country who were randomly selected were included in the study and completed questionnaires of Love and Belief in the leader (Hosseini, 2022) the Mental Health Scale (Besharat, 2009), the Patient Health Questionnaire (Kroenke & et al., 2001) and the General Anxiety Questionnaire (Spitzer & et al., 2006). To analyze the data, Spearman's correlation coefficient was used with the help of SPSS version 26. The results of the research showed that love and belief in vilayat-e-faqih had a negative and significant relationship with anxiety, depression and psychological distress. Also, the relationship between love and belief in vilayat-e-faqih and psychological well-being was positive and significant. Considering the high and deep effects of vilayat-e-faqih on people's psychological life and beneficial effects which can increase psychological well-being, it is necessary to pay more attention to this variable in psychological researches and to use its effects and blessings as a component to improve mental health and prevent mental problems in educational programs and interventions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
56 - Smartphones, investigating the effect of depression and social anxiety on the quality of friendship and the mediating role of fobbing behavior in the use of mobile phones in young sportsmen of the country
sajad Edalatpour Kazem cheragh birkandiObjective: Having friends is an important aspect of our life. There are ideal expectations for maintaining and strengthening friendships. People expect their friends to spend a lot of time together by engaging in mutual activities and sharing interests, and to engage MoreObjective: Having friends is an important aspect of our life. There are ideal expectations for maintaining and strengthening friendships. People expect their friends to spend a lot of time together by engaging in mutual activities and sharing interests, and to engage in more conventional morality, loyalty, and emphatic understanding. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of depression and social anxiety on the quality of friendship and the mediating role of fobbing behavior in the use of mobile phones in young athletes of the country Methodology: The research method is descriptive and was conducted in the field. The statistical population of the research included all the young athletes of the country. Due to the unlimited statistical population, 384 people were selected according to Morgan's table, and multi-stage cluster sampling method was used. The research tools include Goldberg's standard depression questionnaire (2007), Jarbak's standard social anxiety questionnaire (1996), Hejazi and Zahrawand's standard friendship quality questionnaire (2013), and Sun et al. they got. To ensure the validity of the questionnaires, after compiling them, the opinions and guidance of expert professors in the science of sports management were used and their opinions were included in the final questionnaire. To ensure the reliability of the questionnaires, 30 copies were distributed in a preliminary study on a sample that was completely randomly selected, and Cronbach's alpha coefficient for depression (α=0.89), social anxiety (α=0.91), friendship quality ( α = 0.93) and for the behavior of fobbing in the use of mobile phones (α = 0.85) was obtained. Descriptive and inferential statistical methods, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and structural equation modeling were used to analyze the data results using SPSS version 22 and Smart Plus version 3 software. Results: The results of the research showed that depression and social anxiety have a significant inverse effect on the quality of friendship in young sportsmen of the country. On the other hand, the effect of fobbing behavior on the quality of friendship was also significant and in the opposite direction. Also, the structural model of the research showed a good fit according to the value of GOF = 0.63. Conclusion: Therefore, it is recommended; Fobbing behaviors should be taken seriously, and group sports activities should be used in the daily schedule to create quality friendships and avoid any depression and anxiety. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
57 - Resistance training improves depression in female patients with multiple sclerosis
Aida Moeini Fariba Alipour Amir Rahimi Marzieh Noruzpour Somayeh Rashidfard -
Open Access Article
58 - The effect of aerobic training and its combination with acceptance and commitment therapy on insulin sensitivity, C-reactive protein and depressive symptoms in women with type 2 diabetes
Nader Moghaddam Dizaj Herik Naimeh Moheb Abdol Ali Banaeifar Nasser Agha Mohammadzadeh -
Open Access Article
59 - The effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral stress management on depression and social adjustment of mothers of mentally retarded children
Shahram Mami Kamran AminianThis study aimed to determine the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral stress management on depression and social adjustment of mothers of mentally retarded children was. This experimental study with pretest-posttest control group design is the follow-up period; mother MoreThis study aimed to determine the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral stress management on depression and social adjustment of mothers of mentally retarded children was. This experimental study with pretest-posttest control group design is the follow-up period; mothers of children with mental retardation mentally retarded schools in Ilam, Beck Depression Inventory (1996) and social adjustment Bell (1961) were completed. Of those who had a score higher than 60 mothers randomly selected and randomly divided into two experimental and control groups.The experimental group received training in 10 sessions of 90 minutes. After the sessions the treatment of both groups was tested and was followed a month later stage. Results obtained using analysis of variance with repeated measures and Bonferroni post hoc test were analyzed.The results show the average depression score in pretest and posttest in the experimental group had a significant difference, but the score was no significant difference in post-test and follow-up. The difference between mean scores of social adjustment in the pre-test and post-test in the experimental group was significant, but the score was no significant difference in post-test and follow-up. The results showed that cognitive-behavioral stress management training in reducing depression and increasing social adjustment of mothers of mentally retarded children have been effective. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
60 - Depression and Obsessive -Compulsive as Antecedent of Guilt Feeling and Anxiety as Consequences of it in University Girl Students
فرنگیس Demehri مهناز Mehrabizadeh Honarmand A. H. YavariThe purpose of this study was to examine depression and obsessive -compulsive as antecedent of guilt feeling and anxiety as consequence of it in Shahid Chamran University Girl Students. The sample consisted of 100 girl students that were selected by multistage random sa MoreThe purpose of this study was to examine depression and obsessive -compulsive as antecedent of guilt feeling and anxiety as consequence of it in Shahid Chamran University Girl Students. The sample consisted of 100 girl students that were selected by multistage random sampling method. The instruments used in this study were Beck Depression Inventory, Obsessive-Compulsive Subscale of SCL-90-R, Beck Anxiety Inventory and Guilt Feeling from Kogler and Jones. Simple and multiple correlations were used to analysis the data. The results of this study showed that depression and obsessive had significant positive correlation with guilt feeling. Also guilt feeling had significant positive correlation with anxiety. The result of multiple regression analysis indicated that %16 of guilt feeling variance was explained by obsessive-compulsive. Finally, the result of this study showed that depression and obsessive -compulsive can be antecedent of guilt feeling and anxiety as consequences of it. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
61 - Relationship Of Religious Beliefs, Identity Styles And Personality Traits With Depression Among Female Students
Iran Mehdizadegan Narges RaeesiThe main purpose of this study was to study the relationship between religious beliefs, identity styles and personality traits with depression among female students of Islamic Azad University of Isfahan (Khorasgan). The research method was correlation, and research stat MoreThe main purpose of this study was to study the relationship between religious beliefs, identity styles and personality traits with depression among female students of Islamic Azad University of Isfahan (Khorasgan). The research method was correlation, and research statistical population included all students of the mentioned population, among them 370 person were selected via multi-stage random cluster sampling and participated in this study. A set of questionnaires included Muslims Religious Beliefs (Serajzadeh, 1377), Identity Style (Berzonsky, 1989), Big Five Factors Personality Traits (NEO-FFI) by Costa and McCrae (1985) and Beck Depression Questionnaire (BDI-II), were used in current study. Data were analyzed by use of Pearson correlation coefficient and multivariable regression analysis . The results showed that there were significant negative relationship between depression and total religious beliefs and its dimensions( faith, religious emotions, consequence and ritual (P≤0/01)). There were also significant negative relationship between depression and informational identity, normative identity and significant positive relationship with disoriented - avoidance identity (P≤0/01). Moreover, Depression had a significant positive relationship with neuroticism and had significant negative relationship with extroversion, agreeableness, openness to experience and conscientiousness (P≤0/01) as well. Furthermore, results of multivariable regression analysis showed that extraversion, commitment, agreeableness, avoidance, informational and neuroticism were able to predict 91% of depression variance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
62 - The Correlation of Alexithymia with Anxiety and Depression in Girl Students of Ahwaz Branch Islamic Azad University
بهنام Makvandi منیژه Shehni Yailagh بهمن NajarianThe purpose of this study was to investigate the correlations of alexithymia with anxiety and depression in girl students of Ahvaz Branch Islamic Azad University. 185 female students were selected through stratified random sampling. Instruments were Ahwaz Alexithymia Sc MoreThe purpose of this study was to investigate the correlations of alexithymia with anxiety and depression in girl students of Ahvaz Branch Islamic Azad University. 185 female students were selected through stratified random sampling. Instruments were Ahwaz Alexithymia Scale (AAS – 26), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Present research was a correlation type and the results indicated that alexithmia had positive correlation with and anyiety and depression. Finally a multiple regression analysis showed that anxiety and depression had multiple correlations with alexithymia. The results also revealed that anxiety and depression were significant predictors of alexithymia. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
63 - The Effect Mental Imagery and Relaxation on Rate of Anxiety, Depression and Hopefulness in Women Suffering from Breast Cancer of Ahwaz Golestan Hopsital
A. R. Haidari پرویز Askary حشمت الله Darvishi The target of the present research was to of , depression and hopefulness according to medicine therapy , medicine with mental imagery and relaxation in women suffering from breast cancer of Ahwaz Golestan Hospital.For this  More The target of the present research was to of , depression and hopefulness according to medicine therapy , medicine with mental imagery and relaxation in women suffering from breast cancer of Ahwaz Golestan Hospital.For this purpose, the subjects were 40 women who suffering from breast cancer patients that were selected by random sampling and were divided into two 20 person groups of experimental and control. The measurement instrument of this research are Cattel Anxiety Questionnaire (CAQ), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Miller Hopefulness scale (MHS) that pretest was performed for both groups. Then, the experimental group underwent training ways and techniques of mental imagery and relaxation for one month(4 week), and 4 session per week for 45 minutes moorings and afternoons. After applying intervention, the two groups were tested again. For analyzing the data calculation of mean, standard deviation, multivariate analysis of variance(MANOVA) were used. Results indicated that mental imagery and relaxation are effective I mitigation of anxiety, depression and interment of hopefulness in women suffering from cancer of breast. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
64 - The relationship between depression and aggression of mothers with hyperactivity and aggression of female students
Eshrat Karimi Reza J Afshar ahanshahi Mehri Mandage Narges Moosavi Karani Aim: The family is known as the most important element of the society, and among the family members, the mother has the greatest influence on the child, so the present study was conducted with the aim of determining the relationship between depression and aggressi More Aim: The family is known as the most important element of the society, and among the family members, the mother has the greatest influence on the child, so the present study was conducted with the aim of determining the relationship between depression and aggression of mothers with hyperactivity and aggression of female students of elementary school in Sirjan city.Method: The research method was descriptive and correlational. The statistical population was all the girls of public primary schools in Sirjan city and their mothers. A sample of 150 students and their mothers was selected from these schools using cluster sampling method. The data were obtained by Beck Depression Questionnaire (1961), Eysenck and Glenn Wilson Aggression Questionnaire (1975), Children's Aggression Test-Conners Rating Scale (1999), Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire (1992) and were analyzed with statistical method of Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression.Results: The results indicated that there is a significant relationship between mothers' depression with students' hyperactivity (r=0/471) and aggression (r=0/408) (P<0.01). Also, there is a significant relationship between mothers' aggression with students' hyperactivity (r=0/694) and aggression (r=0/507).Conclusion: The special conditions of a child with hyperactivity disorder have a significant relationship with the mental health of mothers, and the mental conditions of mothers can also affect the mental states of children. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
65 - The effect of behavioral activation therapy on learned helplessness and psychological toughness in depressed women
Seyyedehfarnaz Kiaeian Moosavi Abdollah Mafakheri Ali MohammadzadehAim: Depressed women have psychological problems that require interventions such as behavioral activation to reduce them. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of behavioral activation therapy on learned helplessness and psychological toughness in depr MoreAim: Depressed women have psychological problems that require interventions such as behavioral activation to reduce them. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of behavioral activation therapy on learned helplessness and psychological toughness in depressed women. Methodology: The research design was a semi-experimental pre-test post-test with a control group. The statistical population of the research included all the people suffering from depression in Babol city who had referred to psychotherapy clinics in Babol city in 2019. Thirty people who scored medium to high in the Beck Depression Questionnaire were randomly selected and assigned into two groups (15 people in the experimental group and 15 people in the control group). The intervention group underwent 90-minute behavioral activation therapy from Leahy, Holland & McGinn (2002) in 8 sessions once a week in groups, but no action was taken in the control group. Quinles and Nelson's (1988) learned helplessness questionnaire and Ahvaz Kiamarthi, Najarian and Mehrabizadeh's (1999) psychological toughness questionnaire were applied to them. Data analysis was done with descriptive tests (mean and standard deviation) and covariance analysis using SPSS version 23 software. P value less than 0.05 was considered significant. Results: The results of covariance analysis indicated that behavioral activation treatment had an effect on learned helplessness (F = 49.24) and psychological toughness (F = 17.58) in depressed women (P<0.001). The amount of this effect in the variable of learned helplessness based on the square of the eta coefficient was equal to 52% and in the variable of psychological toughness, it was equal to 37%. Conclusion: According to the results of this research, behavioral activation can be used to reduce the psychological problems of depressed women and increase their toughness. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
66 - A Comparison of the Effectiveness of Mindful Acceptance of Self Therapy and Positive Psychotherapy on Perceived Stress of Female Students with Depression
Mohsen Golparvar Azar Kazemi Hamid AtashpourThis study was conducted with the aim of comparing the effectiveness of mindful acceptance of self-therapy and positive psychotherapy on perceived stress of female students with depression. The study was semi-experimental and research design was three groups with three MoreThis study was conducted with the aim of comparing the effectiveness of mindful acceptance of self-therapy and positive psychotherapy on perceived stress of female students with depression. The study was semi-experimental and research design was three groups with three stages of pre-test, post-test and follow-up. The statistical population of the study was depressed female students in Isfahan city in the fall of 2019. From the mentioned statistical population, 54 female students were selected purposefully based on the inclusion criteria, and then 18 people were randomly assigned in two experimental-groups and one control group. Cohen et al.’s perceived stress scale (1983) was used to measure dependent variable in pre-test, post-test and follow-up. The experimental groups received mindful acceptance of self-therapy and positive psychotherapy during ten 90-minute sessions. The data was analyzed through repeated measure variance analysis and Bonferroni post hoc test. The results showed that there was a significant difference in perceived stress between mindful acceptance of self-therapy and positive psychotherapy with the control group in post-test and follow-up (p<0.01). There was no significant difference between the two treatments in perceived stress (p>0.05). Given that both mindful acceptance of self-therapy and positive psychotherapy are effective treatments for reducing perceived stress in female students, these two therapies can reduce the symptoms associated with depression that result from perceived stress. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
67 - Effectiveness of imagery on depression, social anxiety and sleep quality of students
Reyhaneh Moghaddasi Mohsen Gholparvar Hosein HasanabadiThe imagery can improve the very psychological characteristics, therefore this research aimed to determine the effectiveness of imagery on depression, social anxiety and sleep quality of students. Present research was a semi-experimental with a pre-test and post-test de MoreThe imagery can improve the very psychological characteristics, therefore this research aimed to determine the effectiveness of imagery on depression, social anxiety and sleep quality of students. Present research was a semi-experimental with a pre-test and post-test design and with an experimental and control groups. Research population was included students referring to the counseling center of Ferdoosi University of Mashhad in 2015-16 academic years. Research sample was 40 people which selected by available sampling method and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. The experimental group trained 12 sessions of 30 minutes by imagery and the control group doesn’t receive any training. Research instruments were the questionnaires of depression, social anxiety and sleep quality which completed by students in the pre-test and post-test stages. Data was analyzed with multivariate analysis of covariance method. The findings showed that there were a significant difference between the experimental and control groups in variables of depression, social anxiety and sleep quality. In the other words imagery led to improve the depression, social anxiety and sleep quality of students (P<0/001). The results indicate the importance of imagery on the improve depression, social anxiety and sleep quality of students. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
68 - Effectiveness of logo therapy on components of general health (anxiety, depression, somatic symptoms and social function disorder) of women with postpartum depression in Tehran city
eftekhar hamidi Hamid Taher Neshat Doost Hooshang TalebiThis research aimed to investigate the effectiveness of logo therapy on components of general health means anxiety, depression, somatic symptoms and social function disorder of women with postpartum depression. This was a quasi-experimental with a pre-test and post-test MoreThis research aimed to investigate the effectiveness of logo therapy on components of general health means anxiety, depression, somatic symptoms and social function disorder of women with postpartum depression. This was a quasi-experimental with a pre-test and post-test design. The statistical population of research were included all women with postpartum depression that referring to the part of obstetrics and gynecology in Tehran city in 2014 year, that from them 30 person were selected through available sampling method and randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups (each group 15 person). The experimental group trained 7 sessions of 90 minutes by logo therapy method. Groups completed the questionnaire of general health (Goldberg & Hillier, 1979) in the pre-test and post-test stages. Data was analyzed with multivariate analysis of covariance method and with using SPSS-21 software. The findings showed there is a significant difference between the experimental and control groups in all four components of general health. In the other words logo therapy significantly led to decrease anxiety, depression, somatic symptoms and social function disorder of women with postpartum depression (P<0/01). Therefore, counselors and therapists can use the method of logo therapy to improve the general health of women with postpartum depression. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
69 - The effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy on dimensions of mental health (anxiety, depression, somatic symptoms and social function disorder) in women with obesity
Fatemeh Hedayatzadeh Hasan Ahadi Soheila KhodaverdianThe aim of present research was determine the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy on dimensions of mental health (anxiety, depression, somatic symptoms and social function disorder) in women with obesity. The method of study was a semi-experimental with a MoreThe aim of present research was determine the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy on dimensions of mental health (anxiety, depression, somatic symptoms and social function disorder) in women with obesity. The method of study was a semi-experimental with a pre-test and post-test design with an experimental and control groups. The research population was women with obesity referring to nutritional clinics of Babol city in 2018 year. Totally 30 people were selected by available sampling method and randomly divided into two groups (15 people in each group). The experimental group trained 8 sessions with the method of acceptance and commitment therapy (weekly one session) and the control group didn’t received training. The research instrument was mental health questionnaire (Goldberg & Hillier, 1979). Data were analyzed by multivariate analysis of covariance method and with using SPSS-21 software. The Findings showed that acceptance and commitment therapy led to decrease the anxiety, depression, somatic symptoms and social function disorder in women with obesity (P<0/001). The results indicated importance of acceptance and commitment therapy on decreasing the anxiety, depression, somatic symptoms and social function disorder in women with obesity. Therefore, therapists can use mention method to promote mental health in women with obesity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
70 - The effect of education on depression attribution retraining primary school students
saeedeh sadeghinezhad saeed bakhtiarpoor alireza heydari behnam makvandiThe purpose of this study was attribution retraining on depression in primary school students. Methods: This research is a field-tested method of pretest - posttest, and follow-up with the control group. The research tools Children's Depression Inventory (CDI) Maria Kov MoreThe purpose of this study was attribution retraining on depression in primary school students. Methods: This research is a field-tested method of pretest - posttest, and follow-up with the control group. The research tools Children's Depression Inventory (CDI) Maria Kovacs (1981), The population included all female students (n = 3672) were the sixth grade of elementary schools in Dezful, that between them 300 persons for the academic year 95-1394 depression were referred to the school counselor, And after the review and implementation on this group depression questionnaire, results showed that 30 of their depression score one standard deviation above the mean Which were sampled by purposive sampling and randomly assigned 15 patients in the experimental group and 15 in the control group were assigned Results: The results showed that determination casting skills on the depression test (p = 0/033 and df = 21/65 and t = -5/93) in (p<0.01) is significant. attribution retraining as well as skills training on depression at follow-up (p = 0.039 and df = 22/25 and t = -4/70) in (p < 0.01) is significant. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
71 - The Effect of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Group, Mediated by Social Problem Solving, on Depression in High School Girl Adolescents
behnaz ertezaee abdulzahra naamiThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral group therapy in the treatment of adolescent depression mediated by social problem solving training. Accordingly, in an experimental study with control and experimental groups and wit MoreThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral group therapy in the treatment of adolescent depression mediated by social problem solving training. Accordingly, in an experimental study with control and experimental groups and with pre-test, post-test evaluation, 60 adolescent girls with depression were selected and randomly divided into two groups. Subjects were screened using a Beck Depression Inventory and Hamilton Depression Inventory Structured Clinical Interview for Disorders. Data were analyzed using R software. Results from path analysis showed that cognitive behavioral therapy had an effect on increasing problem solving ability (path coefficient: 0.21). Decreasing social problem solving ability has an effect on decreasing depression scores (path coefficient: 0.38). Cognitive-behavioral therapy with social problem-solving mediation has an effect on adolescent depression scores (path coefficient: 0.33); therefore, social problem-solving training can be introduced as a mediator variable in adolescent cognitive-behavioral therapy. Keywords: Depression, Adolescence, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Social Problem Solving. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
72 - Comparison of the Effectiveness of Positive Behavioral Cognitive Therapy and Teaching Cognitive Emotion Regulation Strategies on Resilience and Self-efficacy of Female Students with Nonclinical Depression
Seyedeh Narges Salehi Zahra Eftekhar saadi Mohamad Reza BornaThe aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of positive cognitive behavioral therapy and Teaching cognitive emotion regulation strategies for resilience and self-efficacy of female students with nonclinical depression. This research is applied in terms of pur MoreThe aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of positive cognitive behavioral therapy and Teaching cognitive emotion regulation strategies for resilience and self-efficacy of female students with nonclinical depression. This research is applied in terms of purpose; For data collection, field and experimental research methods were pre-test and post-test with control group. The statistical population of this study includes all female high school students with non-clinical depression in Ahvaz who were studying in the academic year 2019-2020, from which a sample of 45 people was selected by purposive sampling. The experimental and control groups were randomly equated . Positive Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Based on Regulatory Intervention Based on Positive Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (Bennink, 2014) in ten 90-minute sessions and Emotional Cognitive Regulation Cognitive Training Protocol in 8 90-minute sessions in experimental groups 1 and 2, respectively. The control group did not receive any training. Data were collected using Beck et al.'s (1996) Depression Inventory, Connor & Davidson Resistance Scale (2003) and Scherer et al.'s (1982) General Self-Efficacy Scale using univariate and Analysis of covariance of one variable (ANKOVA) and multivariate (MANCOVA). Were analyzed in SPSS-24 software. The results showed that the experimental and control groups in the post-test stage were significantly different in terms of self-efficacy and resilience (P <0.001). That is, positive cognitive-behavioral therapy and teaching cognitive emotion regulation strategies increased resilience and self-efficacy in female students with nonclinical depression. Also, the scores of positive cognitive behavioral therapy in both variables were significantly higher compared to cognitive emotion regulation strategies. Keywords: Positive Behavioral Cognitive Therapy, Cognitive Emotion Regulation Strategies, Resilience , Self-Efficacy, Students, Nonclinical Depression Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
73 - The Relationship between Practice Deprivation in Covid-19 Pandemic, Attitudes toward Sport, Socioeconomic Status and Level of Activity with Depression, Vitality and Happiness among Bodybuilders
Mohsen Golparvar Alireza SalehpourThe Covid-19 pandemic deprives a wide range of athletes from engaging in sports activities and thus creates problems for them. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between sports deprivation in the corona pandemic period, attitudes toward sports, soci MoreThe Covid-19 pandemic deprives a wide range of athletes from engaging in sports activities and thus creates problems for them. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between sports deprivation in the corona pandemic period, attitudes toward sports, socio-economic status and level of activity with depression, vitality and happiness among bodybuilders. The research method was correlation in the framework of canonical correlation analysis and the statistical population of the study was the bodybuilders in Isfahan city in spring 2021. Among them, 211 persons were selected trough accessible sampling manner. Attitudes toward sports questionnaire (2021), socio-economic status questionnaire (Ghodratnema et al, 2012), a question to measure exercise deprivation, a question to measure activity level, depression questionnaire (Beck, 1961), vitality questionnaire (Rayan & Fredrick, 1997) and Oxford happiness questionnaire (Argyle & Lu, 1990) were used to measure the variables. Data were analyzed using Pearson’s correlation and canonical correlation analysis by SPSS version 25. The results of canonical correlation analysis showed that among the four predictor variables, socio-economic status with a canonical standard coefficient of 0.72, attitudes toward sport with a canonical standard coefficient of -0.55, and sports deprivation in the corona pandemic period with canonical standard coefficient of 0.39 can predict depression, vitality and happiness. Overall, the findings of this study showed that deprivation of sports due to corona pandemic has been able to play a role along with socio-economic status and attitude to sports for depression, vitality and happiness of bodybuilders. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
74 - The effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy on distress tolerance, rumination and experiential avoidance in adolescents with depression
maryam mosaporDepression is one of the most common psychological disorders that many psychotherapists have paid special attention to, and its treatment is one of the most challenging clinical issues. Therefore, this research was conducted with the aim of determining the effectiveness MoreDepression is one of the most common psychological disorders that many psychotherapists have paid special attention to, and its treatment is one of the most challenging clinical issues. Therefore, this research was conducted with the aim of determining the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy on distress tolerance, rumination and experiential avoidance in depressed adolescents. The research was semi-experimental with pre-test, post-test and control group. All the female students of the first secondary school in the 18th district of Tehran formed the statistical population of this study. 30 people were selected through available sampling and were placed in the experimental (15 people) and control (15 people) groups, and the research tools included depression questionnaire-short form, distress tolerance questionnaire, rumination questionnaire and acceptance questionnaire and They completed the operation. The data were analyzed with descriptive statistics and multivariate covariance analysis. The results showed that there was a significant change in distress tolerance between the experimental and control groups (F=44.56, P=0.004 and η=0.60). and rumination (F = 9.32, P = 0.013 and η = 0.57) from pre-test to post-test and as a result of the intervention with the method of acceptance and commitment, distress tolerance and rumination in the experimental group improved (P<0.05). Also, between the subjects of the two groups, there is a significant change in the experiential avoidance score from the pre-test to the post-test, and due to the intervention, the experiential avoidance of the girls in the experimental group has decreased (F=15.26, P=0.009 and η = 0.61). According to the results of the research, the treatment based on acceptance and commitment can be used as a key intervention in the field of prevention of emotional and cognitive damage in teenagers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
75 - The effectiveness of time perspective treatment in reducing anxiety, depression and work-family conflicts of female education managers
vajiheh zohoorparvandeh elaheh seddighiThe present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effectiveness of time perspective therapy on reducing anxiety, depression and work-family conflicts of managers. The research method was semi-experimental in terms of practical purpose and research design MoreThe present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effectiveness of time perspective therapy on reducing anxiety, depression and work-family conflicts of managers. The research method was semi-experimental in terms of practical purpose and research design with pre-test-post-test with control group. The socio-statistics of the research included the education managers of Mashhad in the academic year of 2022. In this research, 30 managers were selected by cluster sampling and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups (15 managers in the experimental group and 15 managers in the control group). The experimental group received the training intervention in 8 sessions of 60 minutes during one month. The questionnaires used in this research included Beck's anxiety (1988), Beck's depression (1974) and work-family conflicts by Carlson et al. (2000). The data obtained from the research were analyzed by analysis of covariance using SPSS version 23 statistical software. The results showed that treatment based on time perspective has an effect on reducing anxiety, depression and work-family conflicts of female managers working in education and training (p<0.05). On the other hand, according to the effect size for the post-test anxiety variable in the group, the results showed that 25% of the variance in the anxiety variable is explained by the treatment based on time perspective, as well as 29% for the depression variable and 29% for the work-family conflict variable. 44% is explained. In fact, due to the stressfulness of the management job and according to the results of this research, it is possible to benefit from time perspective therapy as an effective method in strengthening psychological resources and improving the psyche of managers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
76 - The relationship betweensocial anxiety, perceivedbody image, perfectionism, depression and eating disordersinyoung
marzieh mashalpour فرح نادری علیرضا حیدرئی مهناز مهرابی زاده هنرمندThe aim of this study was to examine the relationship between social anxiety , perceived body image , perfectionism , depression and eating disorders in youth . Given the number of parameters , each parameter 30 , the optimal number of participants was 200 Nfrbdst Khuze MoreThe aim of this study was to examine the relationship between social anxiety , perceived body image , perfectionism , depression and eating disorders in youth . Given the number of parameters , each parameter 30 , the optimal number of participants was 200 Nfrbdst Khuzestan Science and Research Students were selected by multistage random sampling . Instruments included :Lbvys Social Anxiety Inventory , Inventory Picture of Fisher, Ahvaz Perfectionism Scale (APS), measured by the Beck Depression Inventory (BDS) and eating disorder AEDI Coker and Rogers. Of research is correlational and multiple regression were used for statistical analysis.The results showedthatthecombination of the threevariables,depression,anxietyandsocialperceptionofbody image, eating disordershavethestrongestcombinationPredictingfactorstoexplainthe variance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
77 - Therapy, Different Function for poetry
Shabnam HatampourPoetry is seven arts and critics always notice position aesthetics. Man in current age both request's visual interest and mental pleasure of art both expects scientific approach of that. In the field of poetry, therapy, is greatest scientific achievements of literature MorePoetry is seven arts and critics always notice position aesthetics. Man in current age both request's visual interest and mental pleasure of art both expects scientific approach of that. In the field of poetry, therapy, is greatest scientific achievements of literature in the new era. Poetry therapy begin as new treatment for depressed patients in America, and find benefit results. Statistical society is 30 person of adult's that joined in 8 session selection of poems fare mindfully contents challenge. After doing pretest and posttest determine that: 1- depress men and women express effective behavior than poem. 2- Poem with themes challenge can détente out of depress individuals. 3- Men than women express better reaction than therapy with poem. 4- Poem avgmentsoptimism of men and women. It seems that more research about content of Persian poem that ability to therapy, introduction this therapy and proposed species in world and that institutionalize in health care centers of country. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
78 - The Effectiveness of Compassion-Focused Therapy on Reducing Stress, Anxiety, Depression and Symptoms of Patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome
Javad Seyyedjafari Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of compassion-focused therapy on reducing stress, anxiety, depression and symptoms of patients with irritable bowel syndrome. Methodology: The present study was a quasi-experimental study More Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of compassion-focused therapy on reducing stress, anxiety, depression and symptoms of patients with irritable bowel syndrome. Methodology: The present study was a quasi-experimental study with pre-test and post-test with control group. The study population consisted of all patients with irritable bowel syndrome referred to psychiatric psychiatric clinic. Thirty patients were selected by convenience sampling and were randomly assigned into two groups of 15 individuals. The data were analyzed using SPSS 18 software. At first, descriptive statistics, mediation and standard deviation were calculated. Also to evaluate the effectiveness of focused self-care therapy on reducing stress, anxiety, depression and symptoms. Covariance analysis test was used for patients with irritable bowel syndrome. Findings: The results showed that by adjusting pre-test scores, there was a significant difference between the experimental and control groups in the post-test in all research variables (p <0.05). Conclusion: Based on the results, it can be said that compassionate treatment has reduced stress, anxiety and depression in people with irritable bowel syndrome. In future research, it is suggested that the impact of compassion-focused treatment on other psychosomatic diseases, especially Multiple Sclerosis, be compared. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
79 - The Effectiveness of Cognitive-Behavioral Group Therapy (CBT) on Psychological Symptoms (Depression and Psychological Well-Being) in the Elderly
Nazanin Asghari Mohamad Ebrahim Madahi Addis Kraskian Mojamnari Robab SahafPurpose: Elderly is a critical period of human life and awareness of the mental status of the elderly and effective psychological interventions can lead to the attainment of this period's mental health. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of cog MorePurpose: Elderly is a critical period of human life and awareness of the mental status of the elderly and effective psychological interventions can lead to the attainment of this period's mental health. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral group therapy on psychological symptoms (depression and psychological well-being) in the elderly. Methodology: This study was a quasi-experimental study with pre-test and post-test design with experimental and control group. In a quasi-experimental study, 24 elderly women referred to Yas and Arman Shayan home rehabilitation centers in Tehran in 1396 were selected by convenience sampling method and randomly divided into two equal groups (12 patients each). Were. The intervention group received training in cognitive behavioral group therapy and the control group did not receive any training. The research tools were Elderly depression questionnaires and psychological well-being. Data were analyzed by SPSS-22 software using multivariate analysis of covariance. Findings: The findings showed that CBT improved depression and psychological well-being in older women (P <0.05). This finding meant that the intervention led to an increase in psychological well-being in older women. On the other hand, a look at the values of significance level, chi square and test power showed that the intervention was effective and meaningful in the experimental group and its effectiveness was 0.43%. Conclusion: According to the findings of the study, CBT can improve hopefulness, lack of meaning, and decrease in elderly women by improving symptoms and negative psychological reactions such as depression, feelings of loss and loneliness. Anxiety of death and improving their attitude towards the future and themselves. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
80 - The Effectiveness of Well-Being Therapy on Quality of Life in Older Adults with Non-Clinical Depression
mostafa ramezani aval hassan ahadi parviz asgari Hamid NejatPurpose: Aging is a sensitive period of human being's life which requires substantial attention toward the related needs and concerns. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of well-being therapy on the quality of life of the elderly with non MorePurpose: Aging is a sensitive period of human being's life which requires substantial attention toward the related needs and concerns. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of well-being therapy on the quality of life of the elderly with non-clinical depression. Methodology: The research method was quasi-experimental with pre-test, post-test and follow-up with control group. The present study population consisted of the elderly living in Neshat nursing home in Mashhad in 2019. 28 of them were selected by convenience sampling method and after controlling the inclusion and exclusion criteria, they were randomly assigned to two groups of 14 (experimental and control). Measurement tools were the GDS (Yesavage et al, 1982), AMTS (Hodgkinson, 1972), and the CASP-19 (Hyde et al, 2003). Welfare therapy sessions were also provided to the experimental group in 8 sessions of 90 minutes. In order to test the research hypothesis, descriptive statistics and repeated measures analysis of variance were used in SPSS/24 software. Findings: The results showed that both in the post-test and in the follow-up phase, there was a significant difference between the two groups in terms of total quality of life score (Eta=0.43, P=0.001 & F=14.03), and control component (Eta=0.15, P=0.041 & f=4.67). But in the component of selfrealization, autonomy and i pleasure, there was no significant difference between the mean scores of the two groups in post-test and follow-up. Conclusion: The findings of this study can provide a promising perspective on the effectiveness of positive therapies on the quality of life of the elderly living in nursing homes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
81 - The Effectiveness of Positive Psychology Treatment on Depression and Migraine Headaches in People with Migraine
Najmeh Anvari Samira Saeedi Solmaz Dehghani Dolatabadi Shabnam Moghtadei EsfahaniPurpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of positive psychology treatment on depression and migraine headaches in people with migraine. Methodology: The statistical population included all students of the Islamic Azad University of Keraj in MorePurpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of positive psychology treatment on depression and migraine headaches in people with migraine. Methodology: The statistical population included all students of the Islamic Azad University of Keraj in 1400, of which 30 students who met the inclusion criteria were selected by purposive sampling method, which was randomly assigned to two groups of 15 people tested and controlled. The experimental group received 6 sessions of positive psychology training and the control group did not receive any intervention. Participants were assessed using the Beck Depression Inventory (1996) and the Ahwaz Migraine Headache Symptom Scale (1997). Data were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance using SPSS23 software. Findings: The results showed that 36.6% of the changes in depression and 29.5% of the changes in migraine headaches are due to the intervention method, ie positive psychology treatment. Therefore, the effectiveness of positive psychology treatment on depression and migraine headaches in people with migraine after Six weeks of treatment and follow-up is consistent over time.Conclusion: Based on the results, the need to pay attention to positive psychology plays an important role in increasing the mental and physical health of students with migraines. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
82 - Effectiveness of Behavioral Activation Therapy on Depression and Sexual Satisfaction in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes
Mohsen Rahjerdi Mansour Sodani Maryam Gholamzadeh jofre Parviz AsgariPurpose: This research was conducted with the aim to determine the effectiveness of behavioral activation therapy on depression and sexual satisfaction in patients with type 2 diabetes.Methodology: This study in terms of purpose was applied and in terms of implementatio MorePurpose: This research was conducted with the aim to determine the effectiveness of behavioral activation therapy on depression and sexual satisfaction in patients with type 2 diabetes.Methodology: This study in terms of purpose was applied and in terms of implementation method was a single case experimental from type of non-concurrent multiple baseline design. The research population was patients with type 2 diabetes of Mashhad city in 2019 year, which from them 4 people were selected by purposive sampling method. All four people individually underwent 6 sessions of 90-minute behavioral activation therapy. The research instruments were scales of Beck depression (1967) and Hudson et al sexual satisfaction (1981). Data were analyzed using reliable change index (RCI) and maximum percentage of improvement (MPI).Findings: The results showed that behavioral activation therapy significantly led to decreased depression and increased sexual satisfaction in all four patients with type 2 diabetes.Conclusion: Regarded to results, planning to use this therapy method is necessary. As a result, counselors and therapists can use behavioral activation therapy along with other therapies methods to improve psychological characteristics, especially decrease depression and increase sexual satisfaction. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
83 - Comparison of the Effectiveness of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) with Acceptance and Commitment-Based Therapy (ACT) on Reducing Depression and Life Expectancy in the Elderly with Empty Nest Syndrome
Mojdeh Sadat Hamidian Ahmad Torabie Soodabeh Kaviani Cherati Soheila Haji Esfandiari Mahsa Rohani OtaghsaraPurpose: Children leave home and suddenly feel empty at home leads to some discomfort and stress in the elderly, which is very frightening for them and it is called empty nest syndrome. The aim of the present study was to compare the effectiveness of Cognitive Behaviora MorePurpose: Children leave home and suddenly feel empty at home leads to some discomfort and stress in the elderly, which is very frightening for them and it is called empty nest syndrome. The aim of the present study was to compare the effectiveness of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (Cbt) with Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (Act) on reducing depression and life expectancy in the elderly with empty nest syndrome.Methodology: The research method is applied in terms of purpose and quasi-experimental in terms of data collection method. The statistical population of this study includes the elderly present in the nursing home of Kola area of Sari. The statistical sample size of this part of the study was 30 according to the nature of the study method. The research instruments are Beck Depression Inventory, Schneider et al.'s Life Exam Questionnaire, Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy, and Acceptance and Commitment Based Therapy.Findings: Based on the findings of the present study, it was found that cognitive-behavioral therapy has been effective on depression in the elderly with empty nest syndrome. Cognitive-behavioral therapy has been effective on life expectancy of the elderly with empty nest syndrome. Empty Nest Syndrome has been effective, treatment based on acceptance and commitment to life expectancy of the elderly has been effective Empty Nest Syndrome.Conclusion: It was found that acceptance and commitment therapy was more effective than cognitive-behavioral therapy. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
84 - The Relationship Between Parental Mental Health and Adolescents of Elementary Schoolchildren in District 17 of Tehran
mehrdad mahmoudi Seyyed Mahmoud Mir Zamani Rozita ZabihiPurpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between parents' mental health and their male offspring. Method: The research method was correlation and the statistical population was all the male students of the elementary school district of Tehr MorePurpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between parents' mental health and their male offspring. Method: The research method was correlation and the statistical population was all the male students of the elementary school district of Tehran district 17. The sample size consisted of 375 parents (parents and children) selected by multistage cluster sampling method. Six primary schools of Tehran district of Tehran, 6 schools, and 4 schools of each school and 16 randomly selected from each class. They were The parents' mental health questionnaire (GHQ) was Goldberg (1986) with a reliability of 0.93, and for the adjustment of children, the 37-item questionnaire of the McDonough's (2008) compatibility questionnaire (2008) with a reliability of 0.81 was used. Finding: The results of Pearson correlation coefficient and multivariate regression showed that there is a significant relationship between parent's mental health and their son's consistency. Also, there is a significant negative correlation between parental anxiety and parental depression with their son's consistency and there is a significant positive correlation between physical health and social relation and adjustment of their offspring. Conclusion: The results showed that the mental health of the parents can be predicted by the adjustment of their son's children. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
85 - The Effectiveness of Emotion-Focused Couple Therapy on Increasing Emotional Regulation and Depression in Couples Seeking Divorce
Laden Goran Savadkoohi Ali GhorbannejadPurpouse: The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of emotion-based couple therapy on increasing the emotional regulation of couples seeking divorce. Method: The present study in terms of applied purpose in terms of quantitative method and in terms of data MorePurpouse: The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of emotion-based couple therapy on increasing the emotional regulation of couples seeking divorce. Method: The present study in terms of applied purpose in terms of quantitative method and in terms of data collection was a quasi-experimental method that was performed with a pre-test post-test design with a control group. The statistical population was all couples seeking divorce who referred to Nima Counseling Center in Tehran, District 3, in 2017. Of these, 18 couples were selected by available sampling method and based on a score below the average on the Depression Scale (Beck, 1976). They were matched and randomly replaced in the experimental and control groups and answered the Emotion Regulation Difficulty Scale (DERS; Gertz and Roemer, 2004) and the Depression Inventory (Beck, 1976) in the pre-test and post-test stages. The experimental group then received emotion-based couple therapy for 9 weeks. [1]Findings: Multivariate analysis of covariance, univariate and Tukey post hoc tests were used to analyze the data. The results showed that emotion-focused couple therapy has a significant effect on increasing emotional regulation and depression in couples seeking divorce. Conclusion: Emotional couple therapy causes awareness, experience and acceptance of normal emotions in couples seeking divorce and brings them to a level of security, after which they express their attachment needs and desires with more confidence and in At the same time, they will be more responsive to each other and will eventually have a greater ability to regulate emotions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
86 - The Effect of Teaching Mindfulness Skills Based on Cognitive-Behavioral Approach Based on Depression and Communication Skills of High School Male Students
Zahra Baran Cheshmeh aboutaleb seadatee shamirPurpose: The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of mindfulness skills training based on cognitive-behavioral approach on reducing depression in male students. Methodology: The present study was non-descriptive in terms of data collection and its desig MorePurpose: The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of mindfulness skills training based on cognitive-behavioral approach on reducing depression in male students. Methodology: The present study was non-descriptive in terms of data collection and its design was pretest-posttest with a control group and quantitative in terms of method. The present study population included all high school male students in District 5 of Tehran. To select the sample, based on previous studies, purposive non-random sampling method was used. Thus, in the screening stage, 30 who had the lowest score in the research tools were selected based on the level of education and financial status of the parents and were matched in two experimental and control groups and were replaced in two groups of 15 people. The experimental group was trained in a cognitive-behavioral mindfulness program for 8 sessions. Data collection tools Beck Depression Inventory (1989) was used. Findings: The results showed that there was a significant difference between the two groups (experimental and control) in the variables of depression and communication skills. Cognitive-behavioral mindfulness program significantly reduced depression in students. Conclusion: Considering the effectiveness of mindfulness training based on cognitive-behavioral approach in reducing depression and improving communication skills, to promote and reflect methods and teach these methods and also increase the level of mental health of students, relevant officials and school counselors can implement comprehensive and preventive program formats to implement them at the school level. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
87 - The Effectiveness of Teaching Mindfulness Strategies on Increasing Failure Tolerance and Depression in Women with Adolescents
Narges Saremipour Parinaz Banisi Saeedeh ZomorodiPurpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of teaching mindfulness skills on increasing failure tolerance and reducing depression in women with addicted spouse referred to the counseling center in Karaj. Method: This study was a semi-experim MorePurpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of teaching mindfulness skills on increasing failure tolerance and reducing depression in women with addicted spouse referred to the counseling center in Karaj. Method: This study was a semi-experimental design with pretest-posttest design with control group. The statistical population of this study was the wives of addicts who referred to the counseling center in Karaj, which included 100 people. According to the semi-experimental research, 30 samples were selected by sampling method and were randomly divided into two experimental (15 subjects) and control (n = 15) groups. The experimental group participated in mindfulness training sessions and the control group did not receive any intervention. To collect the data, the Herington Failure Scale (2005) and the Beck Depression Test were used. SPSS software was used to analyze the data. In addition to descriptive statistics, the covariance statistical method was used to analyze the research hypotheses. Findings: The results indicated that Mindfulness-based education was effective in relieving the failure and depression of the wives of the addicts referred to. Also, the results showed that Mindfulness-based education is effective in relieving failure and reducing the depression of spouses of addicts who are referred. Also, the results showed that Mindfulness Education is effective in the development of addicted spouses. Other results indicated that Mindfulness-based education is effective in the competence of addicted wives. Discussion and Conclusion: The findings generally indicate that Mindfulness-based education is effective in reducing failure and reducing the depression of addicts' wives referring to the counseling center in Karaj. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
88 - The effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy on the executive functions of the prefrontal lobe, emotional regulation and cognitive impairment in depressed patients in ahvaz
Alireza Balooti Zahra BostangarThe aim of the current research was to determine the effectiveness of mindfulness based on cognitive therapy on executive functions (error in remaining), emotional regulation and cognitive deficits of depressed patients in Ahvaz counseling centers. The statistical popu MoreThe aim of the current research was to determine the effectiveness of mindfulness based on cognitive therapy on executive functions (error in remaining), emotional regulation and cognitive deficits of depressed patients in Ahvaz counseling centers. The statistical population of the present study consisted of all depressed patients of counseling centers in Ahvaz. Among the depressed patients eligible for the study, 30 patients were first selected as available, and then 15 were randomly assigned to the experimental group and 15 to the control group. The quasi-experimental research method was based on pre-test and post-test with control group. Cognitive impairment scale (Broadbent), emotion regulation questionnaire (Garnefsky), Wisconsin card sorting test (Grant and Berg, 1993) and working memory test (Damin and Carpenter) were used to collect data. A mindfulness based cognitive therapy plan was implemented on mean and standard deviation and inferential statistics univariate and multivariate covariance analysis. According to the results of univariate and multivariate analysis of covariance, mindfulness based cognitive therapy on executive functions, cognitive regulation and cognitive impairment and of depressed patients were effective. The results of the research showed that cognitive therapy based on mindfulness improves executive functions (residual error), emotional regulation and cognitive impairment of depressed patients. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
89 - The Effectiveness of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy on Executive Functions, Emotional Regulation, and Cognitive Impairment in Depressed Patients
Zahra Bostangar Alireza BalootiThis research aimed to assess the impact of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy on executive functions (residual error), emotional regulation, and cognitive deficits in depressed patients attending counseling centers in Ahvaz. The statistical population included all dep MoreThis research aimed to assess the impact of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy on executive functions (residual error), emotional regulation, and cognitive deficits in depressed patients attending counseling centers in Ahvaz. The statistical population included all depressed patients in Ahvaz counseling centers. Thirty eligible patients were initially selected, with 15 randomly assigned to the experimental group and 15 to the control group. The quasi-experimental research method involved a pre-test and post-test with a control group. Data were collected using the Cognitive Impairment Scale (Broadbent), Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (Garnefsky), Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (Grant and Berg, 1993), and Working Memory Test (Damin and Carpenter). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy was implemented, and data were analyzed using mean, standard deviation, and inferential statistics through univariate and multivariate covariance analysis. Results from univariate and multivariate analyses of covariance indicated the effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy on executive functions, emotional regulation, and cognitive impairment in depressed patients. The findings highlight the positive impact of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy in improving executive functions, emotional regulation, and cognitive impairment among depressed patients.Keywords: Depression, Cognitive Impairment, Emotional Regulation, Executive Functions, Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
90 - Prediction of depression based on Cognitive Emotion Regulation Strategies among Female Students in the Fifth and Sixth Grade of Elementary School
farzaneh salimi ilnaz sajjadianThe purpose of the current study is to identifying the correlation between cognitive emotion regulation strategies with depression among female students in the fifth and sixth grade of elementary school in Isfahan during the educational year of 2014-2015. The research m MoreThe purpose of the current study is to identifying the correlation between cognitive emotion regulation strategies with depression among female students in the fifth and sixth grade of elementary school in Isfahan during the educational year of 2014-2015. The research method was descriptive-correlational and the participants were included the fifth and sixth grade students of elementary school in Isfahan city and among whom 380 female students were selected based on Cohen et al. (2000) by using clustering sampling. The data were gathered by distributing questionnaires of Garnefski & Kraaij's cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire (2006), and Kovacs's depression inventory (1992). The data were analyzed by using Pearson Coefficient Correlation and Step wise Regression. The results showed that there was a significant negative correlation between cognitive emotion regulation strategies (acceptance, positive refocusing, refocusing on planning, positive reappraisal, and putting into the perspective) with depression. Also, there was a positive significant correlation between depression and negative cognitive emotion regulation strategies (blaming, focus on thought and catastrophic)(p<0.05). The multiple regression analysis by using stepwise regression has showed that positive reappraisal explains 10 percentage of variation of depression (R2=0.10) and Focus on thought explains 9/6 percentage of variation of depression (R2=9.6), and acceptance explains 2/2 percentage of variation of depression(R2= 0.038). The findings have showed that attachment and cognitive emotion regulation strategies are the effective factors in depression and should be noticed in preventive planning and therapy interferences. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
91 - The relationship between readiness to addiction, self-aggression, depression and stress boy and girl students of Islamic Azad University of Mahabad
آراس رسولیThis study examined the relationship between readiness to addiction, self-aggression, depression and stress among female students of Islamic Azad University of Mahabad were boys.The research is descriptive and correlational.The population consisted of all male and femal MoreThis study examined the relationship between readiness to addiction, self-aggression, depression and stress among female students of Islamic Azad University of Mahabad were boys.The research is descriptive and correlational.The population consisted of all male and female students studying at Islamic Azad University of Mahabad in 2014 to Bashdaz target population of 120 people were chosen as samples.Were selected by simple random sampling. Was used to collect data from five Prssnamh include:Preparation questionnaire to addiction, self Chinese, Ahvaz Aggression (1379), Beck Depression, Stress.Haaztryq data descriptive statistics (frequency, graph, etc.) Vamarastnbaty (t-test and correlation coefficient) were analyzed.The findings showed that there is a significant difference between the sexes in readiness to addiction.The results showed that between aggression and readiness to addiction in male and female students there, between self-efficacy and readiness to addiction in male and female students there is a relationship between depression and addiction potential of male and female students there, between stress and addiction potential is there male and female students, between gender and ready to addiction in male and female students there. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
92 - Comparision of the effectiveness of logotherapy and Fordyce Happiness on reduction of elderly women’s depression in Tehran
zahra kashani Abdullah shafe abadi aboalfazl karamiThe aim of this research was to compare the effectiveness of logo-therapy and Fordyce Happiness on reduction of elderly women’s depression in Tehran. For this reason elderly women who came to the Salamat House in region 1 and 12 of Tehran were chosen and tes MoreThe aim of this research was to compare the effectiveness of logo-therapy and Fordyce Happiness on reduction of elderly women’s depression in Tehran. For this reason elderly women who came to the Salamat House in region 1 and 12 of Tehran were chosen and tested by Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), they were 74 persons.Then 42 women were selected and placed randomly into tow experimental groups and one control group.One of the experimental groups was given 10 sessions logotherapy counseling and another experimental group was given 8 sessions Fordyce happiness training. The research design was pretest-posttest with control group. In order to analyze the collecting data, covariant and independent T tests were used.The results shows that: 1.The rate of depression in the group that had been consulted in logo-therapy sessions is significantly less than those that had not been in sessions. 2.The rate of depression in the group that had been taught Fordyce happiness is significantly less than those that had not been in sessions. 3.There is no significant difference between effectiveness of two approach: Logotherapy and Fordyce happiness Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
93 - The effectiveness of mindfulness based cognitive therapy and schema therapy on the rate of using negative auotomatic thoughts in depressive patients.
mehdi ghasemi Gholamreza Manshaee karim askari Houshang talebiThis study investigates the effectiveness of mindfulness based cognitive therapy on the rate of using negative auotomatic thoughts in women with major depressive patients in mashhad. Participants were 24 depressed women clients, randomly selected and randomly designated MoreThis study investigates the effectiveness of mindfulness based cognitive therapy on the rate of using negative auotomatic thoughts in women with major depressive patients in mashhad. Participants were 24 depressed women clients, randomly selected and randomly designated to 2 groups (one experimental group and one control group) The present experiment is of pre test, post test, control group kind. To gather data questionnaires measuring negative automatic thoughts were applied. Descriptive statistics and inferential statistics (repeated analysis of variance) were used to test the research hypothesis. Thr results showed that mindfulness based cognitive therapy were effective in decrease of negative automatic thoughts in women with depressive disorder Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
94 - Relationship between identity styles, puberty mental health and depression in high school boys in Qom
sohrab abdi alireza aghaysefi gholamreza ghaedamini elham mohammadi abbasi kahaleThe aim of this study was to determine the relationship between identity styles, puberty mental health, depression and education success in high school boys in Qom. All high school boys in Qom were 16813 that of them 260 boys was selected by cluster sampling MoreThe aim of this study was to determine the relationship between identity styles, puberty mental health, depression and education success in high school boys in Qom. All high school boys in Qom were 16813 that of them 260 boys was selected by cluster sampling as subject. Berzonsky’s identity styles inventory (1989), check list of Kumar in mental health and depression Questionnaire of Beck(1999) was used in this study. Pearson correlation was used to analysis of data. The result of this study show that there is a significant direct relationship between informative identity style with education successfully and between informative identity style with normative identity style, confuse identity style, identity commitment, mental problem of puberty and depression was negative significant relationship. And too the relationship between education successfully with mental problem of puberty and depression was negative significant relationship (p<./01). Significant positive relationship was observed between confuse identity style with mental problem of puberty and depression. High level of identity commitment was in normative identity style and relationship between identity commitment with mental problem of puberty was positive, that is the more the score of the subjects is higher in identity commitment the higher his score is on mental problem of puberty. Results of this study was related with pervious studies especially the studies of Berzonsky Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
95 - An investigation of the relationship between perfectionism with depression and academic achievement and the relationship between the latter variables with the socio-economic status of students at Islamic Azad University, Behbahan Branch
lila bakhshiIn this research we are trying to find right answers to the following questions. First, is there any meaningful relationship between perfectionism with depression and students’ academic achievement? Second, is there any meaningful relationship between depression MoreIn this research we are trying to find right answers to the following questions. First, is there any meaningful relationship between perfectionism with depression and students’ academic achievement? Second, is there any meaningful relationship between depression and academic achievement with their socioeconomic status? The aim of this research is to show to college students how to adapt their expectations with their abilities, because unlimited expectations create irreparable problems to them. Correlation and regression are the type of the research and sampling of the research are 400 college students. The means of the research include perfectionism questionnaire and depression questionnaire. Results of the research show a meaningful relationship between perfectionism with depression and students’ academic achievement and in addition to that there is a meaningful relationship between socioeconomic status with their depression Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
96 - The effect of group logo therapy on multiple sclerosis patients’ depression
homa rezaei abdolah shafieabadiThe study aims to investiyate the effectiveness of group logo therapy on lowering ms patients’ depression, the theoretical foundation of the study is based an Frankl’s logo therapy. Frankl believes that when someone faccs an unchangeable situation, such as a MoreThe study aims to investiyate the effectiveness of group logo therapy on lowering ms patients’ depression, the theoretical foundation of the study is based an Frankl’s logo therapy. Frankl believes that when someone faccs an unchangeable situation, such as an incurable discnse, or she has the chance to arrive at the most meaningful and deepest meaning of life. Fundamental concepts of this theory are: meaning seeking, the meaning of life, freedom and responsibility, the meaning of love, the meaning of suffering, the meaning of death, and the presence of God in svb- conciousness. Research literature shows the effectiveness of these two methods in decreasing deprcusion in such patients. To study the effectiveness of these two methods, 24 ms patients were chosen, and randomly assigned to expclimental and control groups. The experimental group participated in group logo therapy. The control group was nol givcn this chance. Their depression was measured using beck test three times (pre-test, post-test, follow up test). the study, supporting the theory, indicated the effectiveness of group logotherapy on decreasing depression an such pationts . Based on the results it is suggested that M.S patients are given group logotherapy to decrease their depression Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
97 - The investigation of Efficacy of assertive training skills on students attributional style and depression
hasan nozandeh jani naghmeh bagheri masoumeh hematiThis clinical trial is a quasi-empirical study. Statistical universe included all students of human sciences courses at Islamic Azad University, Neyshabur Branch. The sample of this research was 100 students that were chosen randomly. Attributive style and depression te MoreThis clinical trial is a quasi-empirical study. Statistical universe included all students of human sciences courses at Islamic Azad University, Neyshabur Branch. The sample of this research was 100 students that were chosen randomly. Attributive style and depression tests were data collection tools. Training sessions were held for experiment group during fifteen 1.5-2 hour sessions. In the end of training period and 2 months after it, both groups again were assessed by the same tests (post-test and follow up test). The results showed the effectiveness of self-assertion trainings on decreasing depression and change of attributive style of subjects. (p<0.05). Therefore, it could said that the self-assertion cognitive-behavioral trainings are structured interventional Strategies that affect on attributional style modification and mood improvements Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
98 - Prediction of depression based on Cognitive Emotion Regulation Strategies among Female Students
farzaneh salimi elnaz SAJADIANThe purpose of the current study is to identifying the correlation between cognitive emotion regulation strategies with depression among female students in the fifth and sixth grade of elementary school in Isfahan during the educational year of 2014-2015. The research m MoreThe purpose of the current study is to identifying the correlation between cognitive emotion regulation strategies with depression among female students in the fifth and sixth grade of elementary school in Isfahan during the educational year of 2014-2015. The research method was descriptive-co relational and the participants were included the fifth and sixth grade students of elementary school in Isfahan city and among whom 380 female students were selected based on Cohen et al. (2000) by using clustering sampling. The data were gathered by distributing questionnaires of Garnefski & Kraaij's cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire (2006), and Kovacs's depression inventory (1992). The data were analyzed by using Pearson Coefficient Correlation and Step wise Regression. The results showed that there was a significant negative correlation between cognitive emotion regulation strategies (acceptance, positive refocusing, refocusing on planning, positive reappraisal, and putting into the perspective) with depression. Also, there was a positive significant correlation between depression and negative cognitive emotion regulation strategies (blaming, focus on thought and catastrophic) (p<0.05). The multiple regression analysis by using stepwise regression has showed that positive reappraisal explains 10 percentage of variation of depression (R2=0.10) and Focus on thought explains 9/6 percentage of variation of depression (R2=9.6), and acceptance explains 2/2 percentage of variation of depression (R2= 0.038). The findings have showed that attachment and cognitive emotion regulation strategies are the effective factors in depression and should be noticed in preventive planning and therapy interferences. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
99 - Reliability Measurement’s in Depression Detection Using a Data Mining Approach Based on Fuzzy-Genetics
Mohammad Nadjafi Sepideh Jenabi Adel Najafi Ghasem Kahe -
Open Access Article
100 - Relationship between body image and physical fitness with depression, anxiety and stress in female students from Nour city
Fatemeh Mojtahedzadeh Aliakbar MashayekhThe aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between body image and physical fitness of girls with depression, anxiety and stress. The statistical population was all the students 13-15 years old, from secondary schools of Nour city in the 2020-2021 academic MoreThe aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between body image and physical fitness of girls with depression, anxiety and stress. The statistical population was all the students 13-15 years old, from secondary schools of Nour city in the 2020-2021 academic year. 100 students were selected by cluster sampling method. AAHPERD fitness test, participants' personal-social information questionnaire, Multidimensional Body-Self Relations Questionnaire and DASS 21, were used. Pearson correlation tests showed that there is a significant and inverse relationship between body image of girl students and their anxiety, depression and stress. There is also a significant and direct relationship between decreased body image satisfaction due to overweight and depression, anxiety and stress. In addition to physical problems, obesity also causes mental problems. Therefore, attention and treatment of mental problems in addition to physical problems of obesity is important. Levels of physical fitness are significantly associated with depression, anxiety and stress in adolescent girls. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
101 - The Relation Depression with Attitude Drug abuse in high school Students the Rasht – city
Bahman Akbari Masoud AmoupourThe present study is dealt with study of relation between depression and attitude towards drug abuse in Rasht high school students. In order to this 201 boys & girls students from first to third grades were selected based on a cluster random sampling and then were t MoreThe present study is dealt with study of relation between depression and attitude towards drug abuse in Rasht high school students. In order to this 201 boys & girls students from first to third grades were selected based on a cluster random sampling and then were tested. The method of study has been correlation and the measuring tools of beck depression questionnaire are a researcher – made questionnaire and the other one is drug abuse. The aim of present study is to determine the relation between depression and drug abuse considering sex variable and educational grades. Findings of this study have been analyzed according to descriptive statistics (mean & standard deviation) and inferential statistics (student t – test correlation coefficient & a two way analysis of variance). The results showed that in spite of considering educational grade, depression scores and attitudes toward addiction in boys and girls are different. In other words, the boys have more positive and meaningful attitude towards addiction in comparison with girls. There is also a positive and meaningful relation between high depression and positive attitude towards addiction. That is the more depression, the more positive attitude towards addiction (r= 38%) mean while, the simultaneous relation of two former variables between sex and educational grade with depression has been considered as a positive and meaningful variable, that is; male sex shows decreasing rate of depression, as they improve from first grade to third grade and on the contrary female Sex shows increasing rate of depression as they go from first grade to third grade .The results showed that simultaneous relation of two former variables between sex and educational grade with positive attitude towards addiction has been considered as a meaningful and positive dependent variable. In other words, male sex's attitude towards addiction becomes more negative as education grade increases form first grade to third grade and on the contrary, female sex's attitude with lower educational grade becomes more positive. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
102 - Predict Depression in College Students through Attributional Style and Religious Orientation
Mina Mojtabaie Nahid TakafouThis study aimed to predict depression in college students through attributional style and religious orientation. In this correlational research, 200 students were selected among all undergraduate students from Azad Medical University of Tehran using multi-stage samplin MoreThis study aimed to predict depression in college students through attributional style and religious orientation. In this correlational research, 200 students were selected among all undergraduate students from Azad Medical University of Tehran using multi-stage sampling method. Then the subjects were examined using the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Allport's religious orientation questionnaires and Seligman Attributional Style Questionnaire (ASQ). Data were analyzed using pearson correlation, multiple regression analysis, multivariable analyze of variance and t-tests. The results showed that intrinsic attributional style and table attributional style in negative events were predictors of significant and positive depression. Intrinsic religious orientation was significant negative predictor of and depression. In addition, independent t-test showed that religious affiliation in females was significantly more than males. In addition, depression scores in females were significantly higher than that of males; furthermore, the difference between mean scores of intrinsic, global and stable attributional styles in positive and negative events simultaneously between females and males was not significant. The results imply that attributional style and religious orientation are of the most effective predictors of depression. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
103 - Efficacy of Cognitive-Behavioral Intervention in Method Group on Rate of Depression, Anxiety, Life Expectancy and Resiliency in Menopausal Women
Nastaran Charmchi Parviz Asgari Fariba Hafezi Behnam Makvandi Saeed Bakhtiar poorAbstract The current study investigated the effect of group cognitive behavioral intervention on depression and life expectancy of menopausal women.The study was performed in a semi experimental design by pretest, post test and control group.Statistical population MoreAbstract The current study investigated the effect of group cognitive behavioral intervention on depression and life expectancy of menopausal women.The study was performed in a semi experimental design by pretest, post test and control group.Statistical population of this study was consist of all menopausal women visiting gynecology clinics in the city of Ramsar in the spring of 1394.Among them 32 women were chosen according to the input and output criteria of the study by convenience sampling and they were randomly divided in groups of 16( treatment and control group).All participants completed assessment tools including Beck's depression inventory and Miller life expectancy in pretest and Post test.Experimental group was treated by cognitive behavioral interventions in 8 sessions;however, the control group did not receive any intervention.Data analysed by covariance analysis.The results showed a meaningful variations for all the variables.According to the results of this study cognitive behavioral interventions were a proper method for decreasing depression and increasing life expectancy in menopausal women. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
104 - Effectiveness of Quality of Life Therapy on the psychological resilience and Self-determination in depressed Girls high school students of Khorramabad
Mehdi Yousefvand Ezatollah Ghadampour Houman Rajabi Banafsheh Hasanvand Moslem YousefvandThe aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of therapy quality of life to change psychological resilience and Self-determination school students of Khorramabad girl was depressed. This quasi- experimental study in which the pretest- posttest control group w MoreThe aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of therapy quality of life to change psychological resilience and Self-determination school students of Khorramabad girl was depressed. This quasi- experimental study in which the pretest- posttest control group was used. The sample consisted of 40 subjects that depression among female high school students of Khorramabad were selected and randomly assigned to experimental groups (health, quality of life and control were handled. Intervention in the experimental group for 8 sessions of 2 hours of quality of life were treatment. The data were collected from questionnaires Self-determination and psychological resilience in the pre-test and post-test for both test and control groups were used. Data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) was performed. Covariance analysis showed significant differences between the two groups. Results showed that quality of life therapy is effective in increasing Self-determination and psychological resiliency of the school. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
105 - The Relationship between Social Capital with Citizenship Behavior and Organizational Entrepreneurship in Higher Islamic Azad Universities of Mazandaran
Ali KhanekeshiThis study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy on the reduction of depression of the third grade students of the guidance schools in Behbahan. This study was a semi-experimental one with pretest-posttest with control group design. The MoreThis study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy on the reduction of depression of the third grade students of the guidance schools in Behbahan. This study was a semi-experimental one with pretest-posttest with control group design. The statistical population included all the male and female third grade students of the guidance schools in Behbahan, out of which 300 persons were selected to identify the depressed students and filled out the children depression questionnaire (Kovacs, 1995). 138 persons suffered from depression based on the cut-off point of the questionnaire (more than 20), among which 40 persons were randomly selected and were randomly assigned into the control group (n=20) and the experimental group (n=20). The experimental group received the cognitive behavioral therapy in 12 sessions. The data were analyzed using ANCOVA. The results indicated a significant difference in the depression score of the control and experimental group in the posttest. That is, the cognitive behavioral therapy was effective in the reduction of depression. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
106 - The Comparison of the Effectiveness of Group Cognitive-Behavioral Couple’s Therapy and Group Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy in Marital Satisfaction and Depression of Combat Veterans.
M Ali Rahmani Abdullah Shafiabadi Fereshteh Mootabi A Reza KiamaneshThis study was conducted to compare the effectiveness of Group Cognitive-Behavioral Couple’s Therapy (GCBCT) and Group Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (GCBT) in marital satisfaction and depression of combat veterans over 25%. It investigated81 combat veterans and the MoreThis study was conducted to compare the effectiveness of Group Cognitive-Behavioral Couple’s Therapy (GCBCT) and Group Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (GCBT) in marital satisfaction and depression of combat veterans over 25%. It investigated81 combat veterans and their wives who answered Enrich’s marital satisfaction questionnaire (115 items), structured clinical interview for DSM-IV (SCID), and Beck depression Inventory (2nd edition). Afterwards, 24 combat veterans and their wives were selected and were randomly assigned into two experimental groups (each group 8 couples) as well as a control group. The treatment GCBCT was administered to the experimental group I, and the treatment GCBT was given the experimental group II, but the three groups were assessed again with Enrich’s marital satisfaction questionnaire and Beck Depression Inventory-II.The results of the MANCOVA and post hoc /L MATRICS showed the significant difference between the experimental groups and the control group in the increase of martial satisfaction and the decrease of depression. There was, also, a significant difference between GCBCT group and GCBT group in martial satisfaction, but there were no significant differences between two groups in depression. It was concluded that both therapeutic methods were effective in the increase of martial satisfaction and in the decrease of depression. However, Group Cognitive-Behavioral Couple’s Therapy was more effective in the increase of martial satisfaction than Group Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy; however, both methods decreased depression. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
107 - Effectiveness of Quality of Life Therapy on the psychological resilience and Self-determination in depressed girls’ high school students of Khorramabad
Mahdi Yousefvand Ezatolah Ghadampour Hooman Rajabi Banafsheh Hasanvand Moslem Yousefvand -
Open Access Article
108 - The Effect of Reality therapy on Depression in Female-headed households under the auspices of the Imam Khomeini Relief Committee in Shiraz in 2019
Ali Hosseini Aadan MoeinAbstract: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of reality therapy on depression of female-headed households in Shiraz in 2019. In this study, experimental design with pre-test and post-test including control group was used. The statistical populat MoreAbstract: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of reality therapy on depression of female-headed households in Shiraz in 2019. In this study, experimental design with pre-test and post-test including control group was used. The statistical population of this study was female-headed households referred to Imam Khomeini Relief Committee in Shiraz in year 2019. Based on purposive sampling method, 30 of them with high score of Beck depression questionnaire and low resiliency score were selected. They were randomly allocated to control and experimental groups. Both groups completed Beck depression questionnaire before intervention. The experimental group received the reality therapy training package in eight sessions. Depression questionnaire was again completed by both groups. the results of covariance analysis indicated that reality-based intervention reduced depression in female-headed households. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
109 - The Comparison of the Effectiveness of Positive Group and Individual Intervention on the Persistent Depressive Disorder in Foster Care/Irresponsible Parenting Adolescent Girls
Froogh Abiri Bonab Marziyeh Alivandi Vafa Ali Khademi Gholamhossein JavanmardThe present study aimed to compare the effectiveness of positive group and individual intervention on on the depressive of foster care/irresponsible parenting adolescent girls under the surveillance of Welfare Organization and Relief Committee. For this purpose 45 MoreThe present study aimed to compare the effectiveness of positive group and individual intervention on on the depressive of foster care/irresponsible parenting adolescent girls under the surveillance of Welfare Organization and Relief Committee. For this purpose 45 subjects were selected by purposeful sampling from among foster care/irresponsible parenting adolescent girls’ care centers and were divided into three groups (individual , 15), (group, 15), (control, 15). The experimental groups received six ninety-minute sessions of positive-based psychotherapy sessions from Positive Psychological Intervention (PPI) of Seligman & Csikszentmihalyi (47), but the control group did not receive any intervention. The subjects completed the Beck Depression Inventory before and after the intervention and one month later at follow-up phase. The gathered data were analyzed using the ANCOVA statistical method. The results of the analysis indicated that the positive training on the individual group reduced the emotional symptoms of the subjects compared to the other two groups (P<0/01). However, in the follow-up phase this effect was sustained. Therefore, the results of this study suggest that positive interventions can be used to improve symptoms of persistent depressive. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
110 - The Effectiveness of Positive Psychotherapy The Depression, Anxiety and Stress Of women with breast cancer
Eshrat Karimi Afshar Mohammad KaramoozDepression, anxiety and stress disorders are among the most common psychiatric disorders that have increased critically among women with breast cancer. This study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of positive group psychotherapy on reducing depression, anxiety MoreDepression, anxiety and stress disorders are among the most common psychiatric disorders that have increased critically among women with breast cancer. This study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of positive group psychotherapy on reducing depression, anxiety and stress in women with breast cancer in Kerman. The method of this research was quasi-experimental and pre-test-post-test with control group. The statistical population of the present study consisted of all women with breast cancer in Kerman. The sample consisted of 30 people who were selected by purposive sampling method and randomly divided into experimental (n = 15) and control (n = 15) groups and Responded to the … to the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Questionnaire. (1995) before and after the intervention.The experimental group underwent positive group psychotherapy for 8 sessions of 80 minutes (once a week) and the control group did not receive any intervention. Subjects' scores were analyzed using analysis of covariance. The results showed that in the post-test stage, the mean scores of depressions, anxiety and stress in the experimental group decreased significantly compared to the control group (P <0.001). According to the research findings, it can be concluded that positive psychotherapy can be used as an intervention to modulate depression,anxiety and stress Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
111 - The effectiveness of emotion-focused couple therapy on depressive symptoms and sexual function in Women affected by infidelity
Solmaz Ammari Ezat Deyreh Moloud Keikhosravani Kamran GangiBackground and Aim: Achieving a healthy society depends on the health of families, which is also related to having normal mental health conditions and good communication Between the couples. Marital infidelity is one of the most important factors threatening the perform MoreBackground and Aim: Achieving a healthy society depends on the health of families, which is also related to having normal mental health conditions and good communication Between the couples. Marital infidelity is one of the most important factors threatening the performance, stability and continuity of marital relationships. Marital infidelity refers to any sexual or emotional relationship beyond the framework of a committed relationship between two spouses. It is the subject of marital infidelity that causes mood disorders such as depression, post-traumatic stress and dysfunction of couples, which has caused the concern about family mental health and its impact on the growth and performance of children. Method: The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of emotion-based couple therapy on the depressive symptoms and sexual function in women affected by infidelity. The present study was a quasi-experimental study in which a pretest-posttest design with a control group was assessed by baseline after intervention and 3-month follow-up. A total of 105 women affected by infidelity referred to counseling centers and psychological service clinics of Bushehr Welfare Office in the period from May to September in 1398, taking into account the inclusion criteria, 30 of those who wished to participate in the study (With written consent) were selected and randomly assigned to the experimental group (emotion-based therapy (n = 15 and control group (n = 15)). The sexual function scale was completed and measured in three stages: The sessions of the mentioned treatments, i.e. the emotion-oriented couple therapy (8 sessions of 2.5 hours) was done in groups. Hypotheses about the effectiveness of research were tested using analysis of variance. Results: The results of the present study showed that the mean of depression and sexual function in the pre-test stage was not significantly different between the two groups, which indicates the homogeneity of the two groups in the pre-test stage, but there was a significant difference between the groups in the post-test and follow-up stages. It could indicate the effectiveness of the intervention on the mentioned variables and the stability of effectiveness in the follow-up phase (P <0.001). Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the mentioned treatment can be used as a psychological intervention in reducing depression and improving the sexual function of affected women. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
112 - Investigating the effectiveness of mother's behavioral management group training on the level of aggression, anxiety and depression of mothers with 4-7 years old children
Maryam Movahednejad Seyed davoud Hosseininasab Marziyeh Alivandi VafaThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of group behavioral management of mothers on the level of aggression, anxiety and depression of mothers with children aged 4 to 7 years. The research method was a semi-experimental method with a pre-test and MoreThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of group behavioral management of mothers on the level of aggression, anxiety and depression of mothers with children aged 4 to 7 years. The research method was a semi-experimental method with a pre-test and post-test design with a control group. The statistical population of this research included mothers of children aged 4 to 7 years in Tabriz city in 1401, who referred to Shahryar Hospital and private clinic to solve their children's problems, among which mothers were selected from two treatment centers and 20 mothers from each center were selected purposefully. The mothers of the first center were exposed to group trainings of mothers' behavioral management, and the mothers of the second center did not receive any training as a control group. Before the implementation of educational programs, two groups were tested by Bass and Perry aggression, Beck's anxiety questionnaire, Beck's depression questionnaire, for the first experimental group, behavioral management training for mothers was implemented in 8 sessions of 90 minutes, and the control group did not receive any training, finally by doing it again Response to aggression, anxiety and depression questionnaire was done by mothers after the test. The data of this research was done using SPSS software and in two levels of descriptive and inferential statistics with ANCOVA analysis. The research findings indicated that the group training of mothers' behavior management is more effective than the control group on the level of aggression, anxiety and depression of mothers with children aged 4 to 7 years. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
113 - Comparing the effectiveness of mindfulness based cognitive therapy and acceptance and commitment therapy on depression and quality of life in cancer patients
Mohsen Darbandi Naser Amini Shahdokht Azadi kamran mirzaeiThis research was applied in terms of purpose and in terms of method it was a semi-experimental cross-sectional study with a pre-test-post-test-follow-up design. The statistical population included all cancer patients in Bushehr city from November 2019 to April 2014. Fr MoreThis research was applied in terms of purpose and in terms of method it was a semi-experimental cross-sectional study with a pre-test-post-test-follow-up design. The statistical population included all cancer patients in Bushehr city from November 2019 to April 2014. From this population, 40 people were selected by available sampling method and randomly assigned to four groups of 10 people (three experimental groups and one control group). World Health Organization quality of life questionnaires (1996) and Beck depression questionnaires (1998) were administered to all participants as a pre-test. Then the people of the first experimental group received behavioral activation group therapy, the second experimental group received therapy based on acceptance and commitment, and the third experimental group also received cognitive therapy based on mindfulness in ten 90-minute sessions. But people in the control group did not receive intervention. Due to the corona situation, therapeutic interventions were held in the form of video calls. Finally, the aforementioned questionnaires were administered to all participants as a post-test. In order to follow up the effectiveness, after one month, all the participants answered the questionnaires again. The findings were analyzed using analysis of variance with repeated measurements and Tukey and Bonferroni post hoc tests. Based on the results, the mean post-test scores of the patients of all three test groups in the variables of depression and quality of life had a significant decrease and increase, respectively, compared to the control group (P<0.05). These differences were also significant in the follow-up phase (P<0.05). However, the difference in the effectiveness of the three mentioned treatments on reducing depression and increasing quality of life was not significant (P>0.05). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
114 - The effectiveness of resilience training in reducing depression and anxiety in injured women kept in the welfare of Tabriz city
ali hajizadeh vahid kodaimajdThe purpose of this study was the effectiveness learning of resilient in reducing depression and anxiety in women affected by welfare. Research design was quasi-experimental and pretest-posttest with control group. The statistical population of this study was all women MoreThe purpose of this study was the effectiveness learning of resilient in reducing depression and anxiety in women affected by welfare. Research design was quasi-experimental and pretest-posttest with control group. The statistical population of this study was all women injured in the welfare of Tabriz city in 2019. The sample consisted of 30 women who were selected by multi-stage random sampling and randomly assigned to intervention and control groups (15 subjects for each group). The experimental group was exposed to resilient training and was not provided for the control group. Beck and Clark Anxiety Inventory and Beck Depression Inventory were used to collect data. Data analysis was done by statistical analysis of covariance. The results of this study showed that resiliency education has an effect on depression and anxiety of injured women in well-being, which can reduce anxiety and depression in women. Therefore, attention to resilient learning has an important role in reducing the psychological problems of women. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
115 - The Effectiveness of Mindfulness-based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) on Depression and the Style of Ruminative Response in Women with Type 2 Diabetes Abstract
Mahmoud jajarmi Bi Bi Zohreh Razavizadeh Tabadkan Yaghoob VakiliObjectives: The present study has been performed for investigating the effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) on depression and the style of ruminative response in women with type 2 diabetes. Method: The research design was an experimental stu MoreObjectives: The present study has been performed for investigating the effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) on depression and the style of ruminative response in women with type 2 diabetes. Method: The research design was an experimental study with unit-variable pre-test and post-test with control group. The sample consisted of 30 diabetic women the members of Public Sport Association of North Khorasan were assigned to experimental (mindfulness-based cognitive therapy) and control group, randomly. The patients of experimental group to attended mindfulness-based cognitive therapy in the 8 sessions 120 minutes per week. Depression and rumination were measured in pre-test and post-test by using of Beck Depression Inventory-2nd edition (BDI-II) and Ruminative Responses Scale (RRS). Results: The results of Single-variable covariance analysis demonstrated that mindfulness-based cognitive therapy significantly decreased depression and rumination in experimental group in post-test and these changes were significant in the experimental group compared to the control group. Conclusion: Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy decreased depression and ruminative in women with type 2 diabetes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
116 - Behavioral disorders among students of Islamic Azad University of Shabestar
Majid ZourofiThis study examined behavioral disorders among students, it is also explained by various factors has been done. The main objective understands of behavioral disorders among students and compare them based on factors such as gender, studying – courses and age. More MoreThis study examined behavioral disorders among students, it is also explained by various factors has been done. The main objective understands of behavioral disorders among students and compare them based on factors such as gender, studying – courses and age. Moreover, Understanding its relationship with other variables including rate of the media usage and to explain more were also considered. Researchers such as "Thompson " on the relationship between behavioral disorders and role of family, GIDDENS " the effect of media "FATIN," relationship between mothers occupation, "MISRA" on high level of stress and anxiety among woman, also as neighborhood, and "JOU and FUKUDA" on the effective of social support and stress, Quantity and quality of other items in SCL 90 was emphasized. The results showed that the highest percentage of individuals in this study of behavioral disorders in the class of "weak" are on the 70% included.We use survey research method for data collection. Data was collected by researcher made questionnaire that include some items for measuring related factors such as gender, media usage and other variables, also SCL 90 questionnaire for measuring disorders. The sample size includes 382 students who chosen by classified – random sampling method. Correlation coefficients, T-test and analysis of variance were used to data analysis. The behavioral disorders are significant difference between gender and not significant difference between studying course groups. Media usage by Students and age are most important factors associated with behavioral disorders. With the increased use of mobile, strengthen behavioral disorders and increasing use of television among students, the disorders behaviors is weakening. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
117 - بررسی اثربخشی گذرگاه های-چندگانه مغز بعنوان یک مدل آموزش مغز-محور بررروی استرس، اضطراب، افسردگی و فضای حمایتی ادراک شده فراگیران زبان انگلیسی
ژیلا نائینی جوانشیر اسدی نسرین سادات اعظمیهدف پژوهش حاضر، بررسی اثربخشی آموزش مغز ـ محور بر استرس، اضطراب، افسردگی و فضای حمایتی ادراک‎شده فراگیران زبان انگلیسی در استان گلستان بود. برای اجرای این پژوهش، از طرح پژوهشی نیمه‎آزمایشی همراه با پیش‎آزمون ـ مداخله ـ پس‎آزمون با گروه کنترل، استفاده شد. Moreهدف پژوهش حاضر، بررسی اثربخشی آموزش مغز ـ محور بر استرس، اضطراب، افسردگی و فضای حمایتی ادراک‎شده فراگیران زبان انگلیسی در استان گلستان بود. برای اجرای این پژوهش، از طرح پژوهشی نیمه‎آزمایشی همراه با پیش‎آزمون ـ مداخله ـ پس‎آزمون با گروه کنترل، استفاده شد. جامعه آماری آن، دانشجویان کارشناسی آموزش زبان انگلیسی استان گلستان بودند. برای نمونه آماری، 30 دانشجوی آموزش زبان انگلیسی دانشگاه آزاد واحد علی‎آباد کتول، به‎کمک روش نمونه‎گیری در دسترس، انتخاب و گروه آزمایش نام‎گذاری شدند و30 دانشجوی آموزش زبان انگلیسی نیز از واحد گرگان انتخاب شدند و گروه کنترل نام گرفتند. ابزار پژوهش، پرسش‎نامه‎های استرس، اضطراب و افسردگی، لاویبوند و لاویبوند (1995) (DASS21) و پرسش‎نامه فضای حمایتی ادراک‎شده (ویلیام و دسی، 1996) بود و به‎عنوان پیش‎آزمون و پس‎آزمون قبل و بعد از مداخله، در گروه‎های آزمایش و کنترل (بدون مداخله) استفاده شدند. برای مداخله، گروه آزمایش با بهره‎مندی از مدل گذرگاه چندگانه زدینا (2014) در 10 جلسه تحت آموزش مغز ـ محور قرار گرفت. گذرگاه‎های چندگانه مغزی مدل زدینا، گذرگاه حسی ـ حرکتی، گذرگاه عواطف، گذرگاه پاداش، گذرگاه توجه و حافظه و گذرگاه لب پیشانی هستند. هر جلسه آموزشی بر تمرین‎ها و روش‎هایی متمرکز بودند که با گذرگاه خاصی از مغز ارتباط داشتند. پیش‎آزمون (پرسش‎نامه‎ها) در ابتدای ترم آموزشی به‎طور آن‎لاین برای هر دو گروه ارسال شد و پس‎آزمون (همان پرسش‎نامه‎ها) نیز، بعد از 10 جلسه، بار دیگر در اختیار هر دو گروه قرار گرفت. تحلیل داده‎ها حاکی از اثربخشی آموزش مغزـ محور بر استرس، اضطراب، افسردگی و فضای حمایتی ادراک‎شده فراگیران زبان انگلیسی استان گلستان بود. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
118 - Comparative study of Valeriana Officinalis root extract¸diazepam and ketamin on CNS depressive effects in cats
رامین Kaffashi Elahi M.H Khayat Nouri جواد MahmoudiValeriana officinalis is a medicinal plant used in alternative medicine for its sedative and anxiolytic properties. It acts trough GABA receptors increases GABA in synaptic space and stimulates GABA receptors. Ketamine and diazepam also acts trough GABA mechanism but wi MoreValeriana officinalis is a medicinal plant used in alternative medicine for its sedative and anxiolytic properties. It acts trough GABA receptors increases GABA in synaptic space and stimulates GABA receptors. Ketamine and diazepam also acts trough GABA mechanism but with a different pathway. The purpose of our study was to investigate the sedative effects on cats of valerian extract that extremely beloved by cats in combination with ketamine, and evaluate the possibility of its usage in cats and change the routine methods of anti-anxiety and restraining method. 24 healthy short haired mature male cats randomly selected, fed with standard ration and water ad libitum , were divided into three groups G1, G2, G3, received ketamine(11mg/kg), ketamine-diazepam(1mg/kg), and ketamine-valerian (1250 µg/kg PO) respectively. Rate of CNS depression were evaluated by; onset time of effects, peak score, and duration of peak score, total time of effects and highest recorded score. Scores obtained by ataxia, time at which falling recumbent and pinch test over anus, tail and Achilles tendon. This experiment was conducted as blind. Statistical analysis made by variance analysis (ANOVA) and Tukey test, at a significance level of 5% (p<0.05).Results showed significant effect of valerian on shortening the onset time of effects in compare with G1, and fastest reach to peak score in compare with G1 and G3, peak score duration was much longer than G1 and shorter than G3, onset time of recumbency in G3 was shortest but close to G2. It seems that valerian root extract may be used in combination with ketamine to induce restraining and anti-anxiety effects with shorter dullness and sleepy mood in compare with routine administration of ketamine-diazepam; moreover it is being tolerated well and makes the animal more reliable and friendly with other cats and owners. So this extract may be used instead of diazepam in routine cat restraining protocols. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
119 - Latent Profile Analysis of the Impulsivity Traits and Its Relationship with Depression, Anxiety, Stress, Regret and Students' Academic Performance
Hashem JebraeiliGiven the multidimensional nature of the impulsivity construct and various possible relationships of these dimensions with emotional distresses and real-life performance, the present study aimed to analyze the latent profile of the impulsivity traits and its relationshi MoreGiven the multidimensional nature of the impulsivity construct and various possible relationships of these dimensions with emotional distresses and real-life performance, the present study aimed to analyze the latent profile of the impulsivity traits and its relationship with depression, anxiety, stress, regret, and academic performance of students. In a cross-sectional research, 400 students were selected from the universities of Kermanshah city by convenient sampling method, and evaluated using the short form of UPPS-P impulsive behavior scale, depression, anxiety, and stress scale and the regret based decision making questionnaire. Data were analyzed based on latent profile analysis, chi-square test and variance analysis using SPSS and Mplus software. Latent profile analysis of the impulsivity traits led to the extraction of three groups with different profiles (low impulsive, low purposefulness/conscientiousness and high urgency). Membership in each group was associated with different scores in depression (F=17.37, P<0.01), anxiety (F=33.02, P<0.01), stress (F=30.02, P<0.01), regret (F=37.83, P<0.01) and academic performance (F=9.92, P<0.01). Be placed in each impulsivity profile is associated with different levels of emotional distress and academic performance, and this grouping can be used to provide tailored interventions to help each group Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
120 - The Comparison of Social Skills, Emotional Intelligence and Depression in Students with Learning Disabilities and Normal in Elementary Schools at Maragheh city
Ali Naghi Agdasi leyli shokrollahpourThe aim of this study was to compare the social skills, emotional intelligence and depression of students with learning disabilities and normal in primary schools in Maragheh. The method of the research study was comparative. The statistical population was all primary s MoreThe aim of this study was to compare the social skills, emotional intelligence and depression of students with learning disabilities and normal in primary schools in Maragheh. The method of the research study was comparative. The statistical population was all primary school students in Maragheh that were purposefully selected (with learning disabilities) and 40 normal students were selected by matching method from primary schools in Maragheh. To collect information Garsham and Eliot (1990) Social Skills Questionnaire, Bradbury and Graves (2005) Emotional Intelligence and Lang and Tisher (1983) childhood depression Questionnaire were used. Data were analyzed by multivariate analysis of variance and group independent t-test. The results showed that there was a significant difference between the level of social skills (social skills, cooperation, assertiveness and self-control) and emotional intelligence (self-awareness, self-management, social awareness, relationship management) of students with learning disabilities and normal in primary schools of Maragheh (P <0.05). Also, there was a significant difference between depression of students with learning disabilities and normal in primary schools in Maragheh (P <0.05). Based on the results, it was suggested that in schools, the necessary planning and coordination to use emotional intelligence training methods as well as interventions to strengthen social skills for primary school students with learning disabilities. Also use the results of the present study in the design of therapeutic interventions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
121 - Comparing the effectiveness of positive parenting training for parents and behavioral management training for mothers on the level of aggression, anxiety and depression of mothers with 4-7 years old children.
Maryam Movahednejad Seyyed Davod Hosseininasab Marzieh Alidvandi VefaThe purpose of this research is to compare the effectiveness of positive parenting group training for parents and behavioral management group training for mothers on the level of anxiety, aggression and depression of mothers with 4-7-year-old children. The research was MoreThe purpose of this research is to compare the effectiveness of positive parenting group training for parents and behavioral management group training for mothers on the level of anxiety, aggression and depression of mothers with 4-7-year-old children. The research was also conducted in a semi-experimental way with a research design of 3 groups (one control group and two experimental groups) with pre-test and post-test. The statistical population included mothers of children aged 4 to 7 years in Tabriz who had referred to Shahriar Hospital and two private clinics to solve their children's problems, among which mothers from three medical centers and 20 parents from each center were selected purposefully. Before the implementation of the educational programs, three groups were tested by Bass and Perry aggression questionnaire (1992), Beck anxiety (1967) and Beck depression (1964). It was carried out in 8 sessions of 90 minutes and the control group did not receive any training. Finally, the post-test was done by answering the aggression, anxiety and depression questionnaire again. The data of this research was done using SPSS software and at two levels of descriptive and inferential statistics with ANCOVA and independent t analysis. Research findings indicate that positive parenting group training for parents and behavioral management group training for mothers have an effect on the level of aggression, anxiety and depression of mothers with 4-7 years old children, and both trainings are more effective than the control group, but group training for children Positive parenting is more powerful than behavioral management group training for mothers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
122 - Prevalence of Bullying and Its Relation with Social-Emotional Skills, Problem Solving Skills and Depression in First High School Students
Yousef Asmari Bardezard Behrouz Dolatshahi Ehsane TaheriThe purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of bullying victimization bullying and its correlation with social-emotional skills, problem-solving skills, and depression in middle school students. This is a correlational and descriptive study. The study po MoreThe purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of bullying victimization bullying and its correlation with social-emotional skills, problem-solving skills, and depression in middle school students. This is a correlational and descriptive study. The study population consists of all students of the first-grade middle school of city of Bukan. The sample has been chosen by cluster sampling method of 525 people. The data were collected by using illinois bullying questionnaire, Heppner problem-solving skills, child and young depression (CADS), and social-emotional skills (SEL). The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, standard deviation, Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression by spss24. The results showed that bullying behaviors with total score of problem solving (p=0.001, r =-0.25) and self-confidence (p=0.000, r=-0.21), self-control (p=0.002 r=-0.25) tendency to problem solving (p=0.000, r=-0.27) and total score social-emotional skills (p=0.02, r=-0.13) and the components of self-organizing (p=0.009, r=-0.14) self-regulation (p=0.003, r=-0.12) and relationships with peer (p=0.03, r=-0.10) have negative correlation. But there is a positive correlation with depression (p=0.006, r=0.16) and avoidance of problem solving (p=0.005, r=0.20). The results of regression analysis also showed that solving problem (β=0.19) and emotional social skills(β=0.71) and depression (β=0.10) were reliable predictors in the regression model. Findings indicate that bullying can be predicted based on variables of depression (positive correlation), social-emotional skills (negative correlation), and problem-solving skills (negative correlation). These results can be considered in clinical interventions for students and used as preventive variables. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
123 - Effectiveness of Mindfulness-Based Narrative, Group Therapy on Improving the Cognitive Outcomes in Students with Depressive Symptoms
Fereshteh Changizi Masoumeh Azemoudeh Sholeh Livarjani Shahram VahediThe aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of mindfulness-based mindfulness intervention in group therapy on improving cognitive performance in students with depressive syndrome. The research method was quasi-experimental with pretest-posttest design with MoreThe aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of mindfulness-based mindfulness intervention in group therapy on improving cognitive performance in students with depressive syndrome. The research method was quasi-experimental with pretest-posttest design with an experimental and control group. The statistical population of the study was all students with symptoms of depression, Tabriz in 1398, who had no other psychological disorders and use of antidepressants, of which 20 for The experimental group and 20 people were selected for the control group by available sampling method. Young's plan questionnaire (short form, third edition, 90 items) and Snyder et al.'s (1991) adult hope questionnaire were used to collect information. The experimental group underwent mindfulness intervention based on group narrative therapy for 16 sessions and during this period the control group did not receive any intervention. Data were analyzed by multivariate analysis of covariance in SPSS software. The results showed that the process of mindfulness intervention sessions based on group narrative therapy led to a decrease in the mean scores of cognitive performance in students with depressive syndrome in the experimental group compared to the control group. (P≤ 0/01). According to the results, it can be argued that mindfulness intervention based on group narrative therapy has a positive effect on improving cognitive performance in students with depressive symptoms Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
124 - Relationship between Emotiond Intelligence with depression and anxiety of young girls in Meshkin shahr, year 2010
Zeynab Khanjani Davood Hosseini Nassab Farideh SadeghiThe present study determines the relationship between emotional intelligence and depression anxiety and among female students in grades two and three of high school in Meskhinshahr in the school year (1388-89). The research is a kind of descriptive as well as correlativ MoreThe present study determines the relationship between emotional intelligence and depression anxiety and among female students in grades two and three of high school in Meskhinshahr in the school year (1388-89). The research is a kind of descriptive as well as correlative. The subjects for the study were 270 students, that were selected through random sampling. In order to obtain data, the study employed questionnaires including: Bar-on emotional intelligence C.A.P.S questionnaire of depression andbeck's anxiety questionnaire and among kids adolescents. The tow statistical methods (pearson's correlation and concurrent regression) were used to the analysis of data and SPSS for windows was employed to perform statistical calculations. The results of data analysis showed that there is a negatively significant relationship between emotional intelligence depressionand. anxity zAmong subcomponents of emotion intelligence except for three subcomponents including problem solving flexibility and responsibility other components statistically for the p<0.001. Level have a negative correlation with anxity. Also among subcomponents of emotion intelligence except for the two subcomponents including problem solving and responsibility other subcomponents statistically for the p<0.01 level have a negative correlation with depress Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
125 - A Study of relationship between parental rearing methods and attachment styles with depression symptoms in adolescents
Zeynab khanjani Toraj hashemi Fariba elhamfarThe aim of the present study was to examine the relationship between attachment skills and parental rearing methods with depression symptoms. The statistical population were all the female high-school students in Tabriz, using cochrans’ formula, 375 students were MoreThe aim of the present study was to examine the relationship between attachment skills and parental rearing methods with depression symptoms. The statistical population were all the female high-school students in Tabriz, using cochrans’ formula, 375 students were selected as the sample size. The method of collecting data was multistage random sampling. To gather the data the Bamrindparental rearing methods, the adultattachment skills questionnaires and the kutcher adolescent depression scale were used. To analyse the data pearson’s correlation and concurrent regression were used. The results showed that the adolescents with avoidance unsecure attachment skill showed higher level of depression symptoms. There was not any relationship between secure attachment style and ambivalent unsecure attachment with depression symptoms. The results also showed that there was a negative significant difference between the depression and rational authoritative parental rearing method, and there was a positive significant difference between depression and despotic parental rearing method. Whereas no relationship was observed between depression and permissive parental rearing method. According to the findings it can be concluded that attachment styles and parental rearing methods can have an important role in appearing adolescent depression symptoms. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
126 - The comparison of mental health status and locus of control of female adolescents of addicted and nonaddicted families
Ahmad Etemadi Fatemeh Mastari FarahaniThe purpose of the present study was to investigate and compare the role of the locus of control on the mental health of the female adolescents of the addicted and no addicted families. 120 female adolescents participated in this study. Then the subjects were randomly p MoreThe purpose of the present study was to investigate and compare the role of the locus of control on the mental health of the female adolescents of the addicted and no addicted families. 120 female adolescents participated in this study. Then the subjects were randomly placed in two groups each group consisted of60 adolescents. The required data collected through the role locus of control and, General Health Questionnaire (GHQ).The data were analyzed using statistical methods of T-Test, variance analysis and MANOVA shefe test. There was significant defference between mental health of female adolescents with internal and external locus of control (t:2/84) . There was significant defference between mental health of female adolescents of the addicted and nonaddicted families (t:2/61). There was significant defference between mental health of female adolesncents of the addicted and nonaddicted families with the locus of control (f:4/86) . Female adolescents of nonaddicted with internal locus of control had higher mental health .Female adolescents of addicted families with external locus of control and female adolescents of nonaddicted families with internal locus of control had maximum and minimum mental health.Therefore internal locus of control, the development and reinforcement of the internal locus of control is one of the suitable ways for prevention and reduction of the vulnerability. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
127 - Psychometric Properties and Factor Structure of Persian Version of Regret-Based Decision-Making Style Scale
هاشم Jebraeili Tannaz Seydi Mahsa FeleghariConsidering the need to provide valid tools and test their usability, present study aimed to determine psychometric properties and factor structure of Persian version of regret-based decision-making style scale. The current research is an analytical cross-sectional stud MoreConsidering the need to provide valid tools and test their usability, present study aimed to determine psychometric properties and factor structure of Persian version of regret-based decision-making style scale. The current research is an analytical cross-sectional study. The statistical population consisted of students from Kermanshah universities. From this population 400 people were selected through available sampling and they were assessed employing short version of the UPPS-P Impulsive Behavior Scale, Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale, and regret-based decision-making style Questionnaire. Data were analyzed based on Cronbach's alpha test, Intraclass and Pearson correlation tests, and confirmatory factor analysis using SPSS and Mplus softwares. The findings showed thatinternal consistency reliability of the questionnaire was 0.85, its split-half reliability was 0.79, and its test-retest reliability was 0.80 for a three-week period. The results of confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the one-dimensional factorial structure of the questionnaire (RMSEA=0.10, CFI=0.91, TLI =0.90). Furthermore, significant correlation between the scores of this questionnaire and impulsivity and emotional distress dimensions indicated the criterion validity of regret-based decision-making style scale. It could be said thatthe Persian version of regret-based decision-making style scale has acceptable validity and reliability and it can be an appropriate tool for employing in cognitive psychology and decision making styles studies Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
128 - بررسی آسیبشناختی طلاق عاطفی از دید زنان(20 تا 39 ساله) و پیامدهای آن بر فرزندان ساکن در شهرک بعثت شهرستان ماهشهر
اسحق ارجمند ندا پیرامونهدف از پژوهش حاضر بررسی آسیب شناختی طلاق عاطفی از دید زنان و پیامدهای آن بر فرزندان ساکن در شهرک بعثت شهرستان ماهشهر میباشد. این پژوهش یک بررسی پیمایشی است که از نظر وسعت پهنانگر میباشد. جامعه آماری آن کلیه زنان ساکن در شهرک بعثت ماهشهر هستند و حجم نمونه مقتضی بر اس Moreهدف از پژوهش حاضر بررسی آسیب شناختی طلاق عاطفی از دید زنان و پیامدهای آن بر فرزندان ساکن در شهرک بعثت شهرستان ماهشهر میباشد. این پژوهش یک بررسی پیمایشی است که از نظر وسعت پهنانگر میباشد. جامعه آماری آن کلیه زنان ساکن در شهرک بعثت ماهشهر هستند و حجم نمونه مقتضی بر اساس فورمول کوکران، 341 نفر تعیین شده است. ابزار این پژوهش پرسشنامه میباشد و از سه پرسشنامه محقق ساخته طلاق عاطفی و پرسشنامه افسردگی بک و پرسشنامه افسردگی کودکان تهیه شده است بهطوری که پرسشنامه طراحی شده با روایی سازههای مناسب (طبق ضریب آلفای کرونباخ) و اعتبار پژوهش از نوع صوری بوده است و بر حسب نسبت بین زنان این شهرک توزیع شده است. در این پژوهش با استفاده از نرم-افزار SPSS21 به تجزیه تحلیل اطلاعات پرداخته شد. نتایج نشان میدهد که طلاق عاطفی و پیامدهای آن بر فرزندان رابطه مثبت و معناداری وجود دارد. همچنین بین طلاق عاطفی با بزهکاری فرزندان، افسردگی فرزندان و تعداد فرزندان همبستگی مثبت و معناداری مشاهده شده است اما رابطه بین طلاق عاطفی و میزان تحصیلات منفی میباشد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
129 - A Study of the Relationship between Mental Health and Social Capital among Tehran School Students
Majid Zorofi -
Open Access Article
130 - The Effect of Eight-Week Aerobic Training with Garlic Supplementation on Anxiety and Depression in Rats Exposed to WIFI Electromagnetic Radiation
Amir Omid Asiye Seyyed Maryam KheirdehIntroduction: It appears that electromagnetic radiations around us can lead to psychological disorders. Even though the role of exercise and herbs in improving mental health has been shown, the interactive effect of aerobic training and garlic supplementation on the ner MoreIntroduction: It appears that electromagnetic radiations around us can lead to psychological disorders. Even though the role of exercise and herbs in improving mental health has been shown, the interactive effect of aerobic training and garlic supplementation on the nervous system under harmful electromagnetic radiation is still unknown. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of eight weeks of endurance training along with garlic extract consumption on rats exposed to electromagnetic radiation emitted from a WIFI modem.Materials and methods: In this experimental trial, 40 eight-week- male rats weighing 150-200 g were randomly divided into five groups, including: (1) control (C), (2) control + WIFI electromagnetic radiation, (C + WIFI) (3) aerobic training + WIFI electromagnetic radiation (AT + WIFI) (4) garlic extract supplementation + WIFI electromagnetic radiation (GE + WIFI) and (5) aerobic training + garlic extract supplementation + WIFI electromagnetic radiation (AT + GE + WIFI). Groups 2-5 were exposed to 2.45 GHz radiation emitted from a WIFI modem for 1 hour a day for eight weeks. Groups 3 and 5 performed aerobic training for eight weeks, three sessions per week at a rate of 12-18 m / min, and groups 4 and 5 received 800 mg / kg of garlic aqueous extract daily in their drinking water.Findings: Aerobic training and garlic supplementation had a significant effect on reducing depression (P≤0.05) and anxiety (P≤0.05) in rats exposed to WIFI electromagnetic radiation, but garlic supplementation and training had no interactive effect on reducing anxiety and depression in rats (P≥0.05).Conclusion: It seems that the use of either aerobic training or garlic extract supplementation alone has anti-anxiety and anti-depressant effects on rats under WIFI electromagnetic radiation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
131 - Investigating the Importance of Physical Components of Architecture in the Types of Scattered, Strip, and Concentrated Residential Complexes on Stress and Depression (A Case Study of Nine Residential Complexes in Tehran after the Revolution)
Farisa Naeami forotani nezhad kamal rahbarimanesh Fariba Alborzi sheida khansariWith the rapid growth of residential complexes and their physical development, we sometimes see the environmental quality of residential spaces deteriorating, leading to various life crises. Housing problems today include a wide range of mental disorders such as stress, MoreWith the rapid growth of residential complexes and their physical development, we sometimes see the environmental quality of residential spaces deteriorating, leading to various life crises. Housing problems today include a wide range of mental disorders such as stress, anxiety, and depression. The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences between physical components of architecture in reducing depression and anxiety in dispersed, striped and centralized residential complexes. The statistical population of this study was 3400 residents of 9 residential complexes in Tehran. Simple random sampling was performed using the Morgan table with 340 participants. To analyze the data related to ‘depression’, a researcher-made questionnaire, physical components of architecture in mental health, was validated by 20 architects and experts in the field with a reliability index of 0.809 and a situation-trait anxiety questionnaire with a reliability index of 0.90, and a Beck questionnaire with a reliability of 0.93. Also, Pearson correlation and regression tests were used to analyze the data. The findings show a significant correlation between different types of dispersed, striped, concentrated, and stressed residential complexes and depression. Also, the analysis of the results showed that all physical components of residential complexes in dispersed complexes can be more effective in reducing stress with a correlation coefficient of 0.784, the beta regression coefficient of -0.550, and depression reduction with a correlation coefficient of 0.776, the beta regression coefficient of -0.574. The ratio of band and concentratin was also proved to be effective. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
132 - The relationship between physical fitness and the general health of employees of Basij bases in Azadshahr city
Nasser Bay Seyed Jalal Hosseini JoThis research was conducted with the aim of studying the relationship between physical fitness and general health of employees of Basij bases in Azadshahr city. The current research is a description of the correlation type that was carried out in the field. The statisti MoreThis research was conducted with the aim of studying the relationship between physical fitness and general health of employees of Basij bases in Azadshahr city. The current research is a description of the correlation type that was carried out in the field. The statistical population of the present study included all the employees of Basij bases in Azadshahr city, of which 39 people were selected as subjects. To collect research data, physical fitness tests and Goldberg's general health questionnaire (1972) were used. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the research data. For this purpose, SPSS software version 22 was used. The results showed that there is a significant relationship between physical fitness and physical health of employees. No significant relationship was observed between physical fitness and anxiety. The results showed that there is no significant relationship between physical fitness and employee depression. Finally, the results of the research showed that there is a negative and significant relationship between physical fitness and social dysfunction of employees of Basij bases in Azadshahr city. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
133 - Determining the relationship between physical activity levels and some psychological factors with lipid peroxidation and antioxidant index in middle-aged women
tahereh abbasiAbstractThe aim of this study was to determine the relationship between the level of physical activity and some psychological factors on lipid peroxidation and antioxidant index in middle-aged women. The research method of the present study is correlational. The statist MoreAbstractThe aim of this study was to determine the relationship between the level of physical activity and some psychological factors on lipid peroxidation and antioxidant index in middle-aged women. The research method of the present study is correlational. The statistical sample of this study included 30 middle-aged female employees of Gorgan Islamic Azad University who were systematically selected randomly. A researcher-made questionnaire to determine the level of physical activity and the standard Lavibund (1995) stress, anxiety and depression questionnaire were used to collect research data. Pearson correlation test was used to analyze the data. The findings of the present study indicated that there is a significant relationship between the level of physical activity with lipid peroxidation and the total antioxidant index of middle-aged women. There is also a significant relationship between some psychological factors (stress, anxiety and depression) with lipid peroxidation in middle-aged women. While it was observed that there is no significant relationship with the total antioxidant index of middle-aged women. Findings indicate that the level of oxidative enzymes has a significant relationship with physical activity and psychological factors (stress, anxiety and depression), so it is important to pay attention to physical activity and modulate the level of psychological factors for health. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
134 - Inter- Relationship between Iranian Intermediate EFL Learners’ Intrinsic Motivation, their Willingness to Communicate and their Level of Depression: A Case of Khorasan Razavi
Haniyeh Afzali Hamid Ashraf -
Open Access Article
135 - The Effects of Computer Games on the Mental Health of High School Students in Gorgan City
Taraneh Enayati Kolsoom BayyenatThe present study aims to investigate the effect of computer games on the mental health of the high school students. This study was ex post facto. The statistical population included all high school students in Gorgan. Using Cochran formula, the sample was estimated 456 MoreThe present study aims to investigate the effect of computer games on the mental health of the high school students. This study was ex post facto. The statistical population included all high school students in Gorgan. Using Cochran formula, the sample was estimated 456 individuals. To select the sample, first, some schools were randomly selected as a cluster among the four districts of the secondary schools in Gorgan using cluster sampling and then the needed sample was randomly selected according to the population of any school (based on the students' gender and population). Data collection tools were the Standard General Health questionnaire GHQ28 in four dimensions of somatic symptoms, anxiety and insomnia, depression level, and social dysfunction. The data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics including independent t-test and one way ANOVA. The obtained results showed that computer games affect the students' somatic symptoms, but they don't affect the students' anxiety and insomnia, depression level, social dysfunction and in general, their mental health. Furthermore, in comparing the demographic variables, there was a significant difference between the female and male students with regard to their somatic symptoms, anxiety and insomnia, and mental health (overall); however, no significant difference was found based on their educational level. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
136 - Relationship between loneliness and depressive symptoms with the nomophobia (no mobile phobia) in students
leila hosseinitabaghdehiThe aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between loneliness and depressive symptoms with the nomophobia (no mobile phobia) in students. The research method was descriptive-correlational. The statistical population of this study was students using smartp MoreThe aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between loneliness and depressive symptoms with the nomophobia (no mobile phobia) in students. The research method was descriptive-correlational. The statistical population of this study was students using smartphones in Islamic Azad University of Ramsar in the academic year of 2019. The sample size was selected through Cochran's formula and according to the desired criteria using available sampling to 191 students (97 girls and 94 boys). Data were collected using the nomophobia Questionnaire of Yildirim and coria (2015), Loneliness of Russell et al (1980) and Beck Depression Symptoms (1961) and analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics (Pearson correlation and regression tests). The results showed that there was a significant relationship between loneliness and depressive symptoms with nomophobia (no mobile phobia) (p <0.001). The results of regression analysis also indicate that the contribution of each of the variables of loneliness (0.544) and depressive symptoms (0.292), respectively, had the highest share in predicting students' nomophobia. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
137 - فعالیت ضد افسردگی عصاره متانولی ساقه (Ficus platyphylla Del (Moraceae در موش
شیهو آیشاتو نبارا اومی ماگاجی محمد گاربا یو جمیلو احمد ابوبکرBackground & Aim: Depression is a heterogeneous mood disorder affecting both people in developing and developed countries. The drugs used in its management are associated with adverse effects and delayed response which compromise their therapeutic benefits. Thi MoreBackground & Aim: Depression is a heterogeneous mood disorder affecting both people in developing and developed countries. The drugs used in its management are associated with adverse effects and delayed response which compromise their therapeutic benefits. This makes it worthwhile to look for antidepressants plants with proven advantage and favourable benefit-to-risk ratio. Ficusplatyphylla is used traditionally in West Africa for the management of mental illnesses.The aim of this study was to evaluate the antidepressant potential of the methanol stem bark extract of F.platyphylla. Experimental: Thin layer chromatographic finger prints of the extract was established. The oral median lethal dose of the extract was estimated using OECD 420 guidelines. Antidepressant activity of the extract at doses of 125-500 mg/kg was evaluated using tail suspension test (TST) and forced swim test (FST). The Effects of the extract on motor co-ordination deficit and locomotion were evaluated using beam walking assay (BWA) and open field test (OFT) respectively. Results and Discussion: The chromatographic profile suggested the presence of steroids, tannins, flavonoids, alkaloids and saponins. The LD50 was found to be ≥2000 mg/kg orally. The extract significantly (p<0.01) and dose dependently (125, 250 and 500 mg/kg) decrease the duration immobility in the TST and FST. There is no significant increase in the number of lines crossed and on the number of foot slips in the OFT and BWA respectively. Industrial and Practical recommendations: The methanol stem bark extract of F.platyphylla possesses antidepressant activity. The phytoconstituents found present in the plant assumed to be responsible for the activity can be characterized and isolated to serve as lead compounds in the treatment of depression. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
138 - Inbreeding Effects on Average Daily Gains and Kleiber Ratios in Iranian Moghani Sheep
N. Ghavi Hossein-Zadeh -
Open Access Article
139 - Calculation of Inbreeding Depression Effects on Subclinical Mastitis Using Three Different Models
س. نقشینه س.ع. رافت غ.ع. مقدم م. ابراهیمی ج. شجاع -
Open Access Article
140 - همخونی و پسروی ناشی از همخونی صفات وزن بدن در گوسفندان نژاد شال ایران
ز. پتیآبادی ش. ورکوهی س. ساور-سفلیهدف از انجام این مطالعه برآورد مقدار همخونی و اثر آن بر عملکرد صفات رشد، در گوسفندان شال بود. برای انجام این پژوهش از اطلاعات شجره و وزن بدن در سنین مختلف (وزن تولد، 3 ماهگی، 6 ماهگی، 9 ماهگی و 12 ماهگی) 6692 رأس بره حاصل از 90 رأس قوچ و 1007 رأس میش که طی سالهای 1376 ت Moreهدف از انجام این مطالعه برآورد مقدار همخونی و اثر آن بر عملکرد صفات رشد، در گوسفندان شال بود. برای انجام این پژوهش از اطلاعات شجره و وزن بدن در سنین مختلف (وزن تولد، 3 ماهگی، 6 ماهگی، 9 ماهگی و 12 ماهگی) 6692 رأس بره حاصل از 90 رأس قوچ و 1007 رأس میش که طی سالهای 1376 تا 1392 در ایستگاه پرورش و اصلاح نژاد گوسفند قزوین جمع­آوری شده بود، استفاده شد. برای برآورد ضریب همخونی از برنامه CFCو برای محاسبه میزان تابعیت صفات از همخونی، از نرم افزار WOMBAT استفاده گردید. تعداد حیوانات همخون موجود در شجره 1616 رأس (15/24 درصد گله) بود. میانگین ضریب همخونی کل جمعیت و جمعیت همخون به ترتیب برابر 51/1 و 28/6 درصد برآورد گردید. مقدار تغییر در صفات به دلیل همخونی برای اوزان تولد، 3 ماهگی، 6 ماهگی، 9 ماهگی و 12 ماهگی به ترتیب برابر 001/0-، 017/0-، 005/0-، 019/0- و 019/0- کیلوگرم محاسبه شد. بیشترین مقدار همخونی 25/31 درصد و بیشترین حیوانات همخون را حیوانات با ضریب همخونی صفر تا 5 درصد تشکیل دادند که این نتایج، در حال حاضر میزان پایین همخونی در این گله را تأیید می­کند. روند تغییرات سالیانه ضریب همخونی 07/0 درصد و به لحاظ آماری غیر معنی­دار بود. بنابراین با مدیریت همخونی به صورت افزایش آمیزش­های دور در گله و استفاده از آمیزش نرهای مولد برتر در گله به صورت کنترل شده، می­توان از اثرات زیان­آور احتمالی، ناشی از افزایش بیش از حد همخونی جلوگیری نمود. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
141 - Comparision of Direct and Indirect Response to Selection for Breast Weight in Japanese Quail
م. خالداری ح. قیاسی -
Open Access Article
142 - Self-care effect on depression and quality of life in diabetic patients. Health center of martyrs of Haft Tir city of Qom
MARYAM zareinezhad Ali hosseinialmadaniThe purpose of this study was to determine the effect of self-care on depression and quality of life in diabetic patients in the health center of Qom martyrs. A semi-experimental study with pre-test, post-test and control group. The statistical population of all people MoreThe purpose of this study was to determine the effect of self-care on depression and quality of life in diabetic patients in the health center of Qom martyrs. A semi-experimental study with pre-test, post-test and control group. The statistical population of all people with diabetes was referred to the health center of Qom martyrs' martyrs in 2017. Among them, 50 were selected by simple random sampling method ( 25 for the experimental group and 25 for the group Control ) were selected. The instruments used were Beck Depression Inventory and World Health Organization Quality of Life questionnaire before and after implementing the self-care training method on participants, and data were analyzed using descriptive statistics ( mean and standard deviation ) and inferential statistics ( Covariance analysis ) were analyzed. The findings of this study showed that self-care education improves quality of life and decreases depression in diabetic patients ( P < 0.05 ). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
143 - Morphotectonic Analysis of Chahnimeh Depressions in Sistan, Iran
Godratolah Farhoudi Jafar Rahnamarad Reza Derakhshani -
Open Access Article
144 - The Role of Emotional Regulationin in Predicting Academic Depression in female high school During the corona virus
Azin HajiabbasiThe aim of this study was to investigate emotional regulation in predicting the rate of academic depression in female high school students During the corona virus. The research method was descriptive-correlational and the statistical population of the study consisted of MoreThe aim of this study was to investigate emotional regulation in predicting the rate of academic depression in female high school students During the corona virus. The research method was descriptive-correlational and the statistical population of the study consisted of all high school students in Tehran in 2021, Sampling method in this study was based on sampling according to the size of the population, stratified random sampling based on community share in each school that the sample size of 100 people was selected. Gross and John (2003) Emotion Regulation Questionnaire and Bresso, Salanova and Scheffley (2007) Academic Depression Scale were also used to collect data. The research data were analyzed using a statistical package for social sciences version 22 at the descriptive and inferential levels. The results showed the role of emotion regulation in predicting academic depression in female high school students during the corona and according to the research findings, the independent variable of emotion regulation on the dependent variable of academic depression in female students during the corona It has an effect. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
145 - The Effect of Bibliotherapy on the Reduction of Depression Symptoms: A Case Study of Fourth and Fifth Graders’ Students at Shahid Tavana Primary School in Tabriz
Nasim Salahshour zohreh mirhoseiniPurpose: Considering the importance of the treatment of children’s psychological problems at earlier ages and developmentally-oriented therapies, the present study aimed to examine the effect of bibliotherapy on fourth and fifth graders students’ depression MorePurpose: Considering the importance of the treatment of children’s psychological problems at earlier ages and developmentally-oriented therapies, the present study aimed to examine the effect of bibliotherapy on fourth and fifth graders students’ depression at Shahid Tavana Primary School in Tabriz. Methodology: A quasi-experimental study and the convenience sampling, 24 students of fourth and fifth graders of ShahidTavana Primary School were selected and assigned in tow groups, that was employed the pre test – post test control group design with a two-month follow-up without the control group. Children’s depression inventory developed by Kovacs was used. After the pretest, the treatment included twelve 60-minute sessions once a week while the control group received no-treatment. Both groups were post tested immediately after the treatment. The experimental group was also re-tested with a two-month time interval in order for the treatment’s stability to be examined. To complete the results of quantitative data, the researcher also gathered qualitative data through semi-structured interviews. The quantitative data was analyzed by means of dependent-samples, t-test and the qualitative data was studied accordingly. Findings: showed that the children’s depression was reduced and after 2 months the reduction was also stable. It also revealed that mothers had positive attitudes toward bibliotherapy Conclusion: It is concluded that not only does bibliotherapy have the potential to reduce children’s depression, but also it can be employed in various educational and therapeutic settings due to its acceptance among mothers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
146 - Investigating the effect of perception of organizational policies on amotivation mediating role of anxiety and depression with the role of mediator of anxiety and depression and the effect of amotivation on the eudaimonic Wellbeing of employee (Case Study: General Administration of Youth and Sports Organization of Fars province
مجتبی وزینی افضل عباسعلی رستگار محمد کشاورز اقبال جباری The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of perceptions of organizational policies on amotivation while investigating the role of mediator of anxiety and depression as well as the effect of amotivation the eudaimonic Wellbeing of employe More The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of perceptions of organizational policies on amotivation while investigating the role of mediator of anxiety and depression as well as the effect of amotivation the eudaimonic Wellbeing of employees. The purpose of this study is descriptive and survey method The statistical population in this study was 189 employees of General Administration of Youth and Sports Organization of Fars province who were selected by convenience sampling method. A standard 28-item questionnaire (To measure the perceptual of organizational policies from the Cassemary and Carlson Questionnaire (1997); to measure anxiety on the Fitzpatrick et al. Scale (2017); to measure depression on the Bass et al scale (2018 and to measure the the eudaimonic Wellbeing of Waterman scale (2011)) was used to collect the data. To analyze the data, partial least squares and Smart PLS-2 software were used. To assess the validity of the convergent validity, for the fitting reliability, Cronbach's alpha was used and its coefficient for all research structures was more than 0.7. The results show that perception of organizational policies has a positive and significant effect on anxiety, depression and amotivation. Anxiety and depression also have a positive and significant effect on the level of amotivation of the staff. But the results of the research showed a negative and significant relationship between the amotivation and the eudaimonic Wellbeing of the employees. Anxiety and depression also mediate the relationship between perception of organizational policies and amotivation. Keywords: Perception of Organizational Policies, Amotivation, Depression, Anxiety ,Eudaimonic Wellbeing of employee. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
147 - Experiencing depression and peer rejection in chronically ill adolescents
Karineh Tahmasian Asieh Anari Samira Karamlo Mahdieh Shafiee TabarChronic illness can put adolescents at risk of such disorders as depression, which may lead to rejection by peers. This study compared depression and peer rejection in chronically ill and in healthy adolescents. 33 chronically ill and 33 healthy students from Tehran's h MoreChronic illness can put adolescents at risk of such disorders as depression, which may lead to rejection by peers. This study compared depression and peer rejection in chronically ill and in healthy adolescents. 33 chronically ill and 33 healthy students from Tehran's high schools were selected by multistage sampling method. Participants completed the Peer Rejection Questionnaire (Tah- massian, 2005) and Child Depression Inventory (Kovacs, 1992). Results demonstrated a singnificant correlation between depression and peer rejection (r=0.41, P=0.001). The chronic patients' averages of depression and peer rejection were higher than that of healthy students (P=0.001). There was no gender difference in depression among chronically ill students. However, chronically ill boys reported more peer rejection than girls. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
148 - The Mediating Role of Defense Mechanisms in the Relationship Between Attachment Pathologies and the Symptoms of Depression and Anxiety
Tohid Ranjbari Mohammad Ali Besharat Reza PourhosseinThe present study aimed to determine the mediating role of defense mechanisms in the relationship between attachment pathologies and the symptoms of depression and anxiety. Four hundred and six participants (242 boys and 164 girls) were recruited to fill out Adult Attac MoreThe present study aimed to determine the mediating role of defense mechanisms in the relationship between attachment pathologies and the symptoms of depression and anxiety. Four hundred and six participants (242 boys and 164 girls) were recruited to fill out Adult Attachment Inventory (AAI; Besharat, 2011, 2013), Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS; Lovibond & Lovibond, 1995), and Defense Style Questionnaire (DSQ; Andrews, Singh & Bond, 1993). The results of path analysis indicated that the proposed model had a good fit with the observed data, confirming that the relationship between attachment pathologies and the symptoms of depression and anxiety is a non-linear relationship. Specifically, it was found that attachment pathologies affect the depression and anxiety symptoms through defense mechanisms. Accordingly, it is very important to consider defense mechanisms in addition to attachment pathologies in depression and anxiety disorders. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
149 - The Validation of Rorchach Depression Index(DEPI) and Coping Deficit Index (CDI)
Fateh RahmaniThis study aimed to determine the validity of Rorchach Depression and Coping Deficit Indices in depressed and non-depressed Iranian women. 40 depressed and 40 non-depressed subjects of the same age and education level were selected according to DSM IV clinical interview MoreThis study aimed to determine the validity of Rorchach Depression and Coping Deficit Indices in depressed and non-depressed Iranian women. 40 depressed and 40 non-depressed subjects of the same age and education level were selected according to DSM IV clinical interview and Beck Depression Inventory. In order to assess the DEPI and CDI for each subject, the Rorchach Test was administered and scored using Exner’s Comprehensive System. Results indicated that Rorchach Depression Index could be used in the diagnosis of depression and affective disorders, but there was no significant difference between the two groups in the CDI. Therefore, the ineffectiveness of the CDI in the diagnosis of depression and a probable independency between the two indices were suggested. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
150 - Psychometric Properties of Beck Depression Inventory Short Form Items (BDI-13)
Gholam Reza Rajabi194 students from Shahid Chamran University completed the Iranian version of the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-13) to test its internal consistency and validity. Based on principal components analysis, two factors were found. The first factor, negative affect toward se More194 students from Shahid Chamran University completed the Iranian version of the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-13) to test its internal consistency and validity. Based on principal components analysis, two factors were found. The first factor, negative affect toward self accounted for 43.9% of the variance, and the second factor, dysphoria, accounted for 8.6% the variance. Coronbach’s alph and aplit-half reliability coefficient for BDI-13 were 0.89 and 0.82, respectively. In conclusion, the BDI-13 can be used in Iranian psychology research and in the screening of depression amongst normal population. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
151 - Validation of Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21) for an Iranian Population
Ali Sahebi Mohammad Javad Asghari Raziye Sadat SalariThe objective of the present research was to validate the short form of Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-21) on an Iranian sample. The DASS-21was administered to 1070 Iranians, XXX males and YYY females. Internal reliabilities for the three DASS subscales ranged fr MoreThe objective of the present research was to validate the short form of Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-21) on an Iranian sample. The DASS-21was administered to 1070 Iranians, XXX males and YYY females. Internal reliabilities for the three DASS subscales ranged from +0.zz to +0.qq. The validity of DASS was measured using factor analysis and criterion validity (concurrent method). The correlation between the Depression subscale and the Beck Depression Inventory scale was +0.70, between the Anxiety subscale and Zung Anxiety Inventory was +0.67, and between the Stress subscale and Perceived Stress Inventory was +0.49. All correlations were significant. Males and females scores were significantly different on all subscales, therefore, separate norms for each gender were presented. The research suggest that the DASS-21 is a useful inventory in Iranian psychological research and clinical settings. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
152 - Developmental Quotient, Anxiety and Depression in Urban and Rural Students
Maede Ranjbar Susan RahimzadehThe purpose of this study was to compare intellectual development quotient, symptoms of anxiety and depression in urban and rural elementary school students in Babol. 90 urban students (47 girls and 43 boys) and 90 rural students (47 girls and 43 boys) from the first to MoreThe purpose of this study was to compare intellectual development quotient, symptoms of anxiety and depression in urban and rural elementary school students in Babol. 90 urban students (47 girls and 43 boys) and 90 rural students (47 girls and 43 boys) from the first to the sixth grade of elementary school were selected by available (voluntary) method and draw a person test (Royer, 1984, quoted by the dadsetan, 1395) were drawn. The results of multivariate analysis of variance showed that intellectual development quotient (F = 0.051 and P <0.05) did not differ between the two groups of urban and rural elementary school students, but the symptoms of anxiety (F = 7.974 and 0.01). P <0) and depression (F = 12.295 and P <0.001) are more in rural students than urban students. And residence status is able to explain 4% of the variance of anxiety and 6% of the variance of depression is the difference between the two groups. In the end, emphasis was placed on educational and training changes along with socio-economic changes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
153 - The Preliminary Study of Validity and Reliability of Rosenberg’s Self-esteem Scale
Nurallah MohammadiThe goal of this research was to investigate psychometric properties of Rosenberg’s self-esteem scale (RSES). 185 college students completed the 10-item RSES, two subscales of the SCL-90-R (anxiety and depression), and Cooper Smith’s self-esteem inventory (S MoreThe goal of this research was to investigate psychometric properties of Rosenberg’s self-esteem scale (RSES). 185 college students completed the 10-item RSES, two subscales of the SCL-90-R (anxiety and depression), and Cooper Smith’s self-esteem inventory (SEI). The reliability of the RSES was estimated using Cronbach’s alpha (0.69), test-retest (0.78), and SpearmanBrown’s split half (0.68) formulas. The concurrent validity of Rosenberg’s self-esteem questionnaire was estimated by SEI and the two subscales of anxiety and depression. There was a significant positive correlation between the RSES and the SEI (r = +0.61) and a significant negative correlation between RSES and anxiety (r = -0.43) and depression (r = -0.54). The reliability and validity of the Persian version of RSES was moderate and suggested that the factor structure of this test should be investigated. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
154 - The relationships of mother,s attachment to infant and mothers psychological characteristics to feeding problem in infants
Shirin Zeinali Mohammad Ali Mazeheri Mansoure Sadat Sadeghi Mahsa JabariTwo separate but related studies regarding the relationships of mother's attachment to infant and mother's psychological characteristics to feeding problem in infants were conducted. In the first study 214 mothers completed the Feeding Problem Scale (Levinsohn et al., 2 MoreTwo separate but related studies regarding the relationships of mother's attachment to infant and mother's psychological characteristics to feeding problem in infants were conducted. In the first study 214 mothers completed the Feeding Problem Scale (Levinsohn et al., 2005) and the Maternal Postnatal Attachment Scale (Condon & Corkindale, 1998). The results indicated that "absence of hostility" accounted for 35% of the variance in feeding problem. In the second study, 89 mothers completed the Feeding Problem Scale and the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS; Lovibind & Lovibind, 1995). Results indicated that mother’s stress accounted for 5 % of the variance in feeding problem. The results from the two studied indicated that duration of breast feeding predicted feeding problem. This study suggests that presence of some deficits in mother's attachment to infant and mother’s stress increase the feeding problem in infants. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
155 - Cognitive strategies in patients with mixed anxiety-depression and obsessive-compulsive disorders
Fatemeh Moin Alghorabaie Mohammad R. Shaeeri Mohammad Sanati Mahdi FadaeeIntrusive thoughts are characteristic of emotional and anxiety disorders. This study aimed to compare strategies that patients and nonpatients use to control the intrusive thoughts. Two groups of patients with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD, 11 males and 14 females, MoreIntrusive thoughts are characteristic of emotional and anxiety disorders. This study aimed to compare strategies that patients and nonpatients use to control the intrusive thoughts. Two groups of patients with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD, 11 males and 14 females, mean age 29) and Mixed Anxiety-Depression Disorder (MADD; 10 males and 15 females, mean age 27), and a group of non patients (12 males and 13 females, mean age 28) were selected. Participants answered the Thought Control Questionnaire (Wells & Davies, 1994)and Beck Anxiety and Depression Inventories (Beck, Epstein, Brown, & Steer, 1988; Beck, Rush, Shaw, & Emery, 1979). The findings showed that OCD and MADD patients mostly used punishment and worry strategies. The non patient group used more distraction and social control strategies. No significant differences between groups were found in terms of utilizing the reappraisal strategy. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
156 - Effectiveness of a New Social / Cognitive Therapeutic Model for Aggressive Children
Ali Sahebi Efat S. MirabdollahiThe present study evaluated the effectiveness of a new therapeutic model for aggressive children in Iran. The intervention was based on a social/cognitive model. 119 boys and 38 girls, ages 8-15 (M=10.77, S.D. = 1.33) participated in the study. Children were referred by MoreThe present study evaluated the effectiveness of a new therapeutic model for aggressive children in Iran. The intervention was based on a social/cognitive model. 119 boys and 38 girls, ages 8-15 (M=10.77, S.D. = 1.33) participated in the study. Children were referred by the teachers of the selected schools, based on having one of the six aggressiveness criteria, and diagnosed with a symptom checklist based on the DSM-IV diagnostic criteria. 31 children were diagnosed with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), 19 with Oppositional Defiant Disorder/Conduct Disorder (ODD/CD), 47 with ADHD/ODD, 22 with ADHD/CD, and 38 with other types of diagnoses not mentioned above. All children were administered the Children Depression Inventory (CDI), the Piers Harris Self-Concept Scale (PHSCS), and The Youth Self-Report (YSR) as a pre and post-test measure of their conduct. The Bauermeister School Behaviour Inventory (BSBI) was completed by teachers as an additional measure. Children then were divided in five groups: 1- somatic complaints, 2- Anxiety depresssion, 3- social problems, 4- Attention problems, and 5- Aggressive conduct, and they all received eight sessions of social/cognitive therapy. The results suggest that the social/cognitive treatment was effective with all groups of children, regardless of diagnostic classification, in reducing somatic complaints, anxiety/ depression, social problems, attention problems, and aggressive conduct. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
157 - The Effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy-oriented Training on Depression, Anxiety and Stress among Mothers of Children with Oppositional Defiant Disorder Symptoms
Fatemeh Tajalli Hojatollah javidi Amir Houshang Mehryar Seyed Ahmad MirjafariThe aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of training of acceptance and commitment based therapy on depression, anxiety and stress among mothers of children with oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) symptoms. The study design was a quasi-e MoreThe aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of training of acceptance and commitment based therapy on depression, anxiety and stress among mothers of children with oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) symptoms. The study design was a quasi-experimental, with pretest, posttest and follow-up. Four boys’ state elementary schools were randomly selected by multi-stage cluster sampling. Then, 40 mothers were selected as the research sample, based on the teacher and Parents' Child Symptom Inventory (Sprafkin, Gadow, Salisbury, Schneider & Loney, 2002), using screening procedure. They were randomly assigned to two groups of 20. The groups were randomly assigned to intervention and control groups. The intervention group received the hexagon model of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) as the protocol. Participants in three stages completed pre-test, post-test and follow-up of Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (Lovibond & Lovibond, 1995) and Child Symptom Inventory (). The results of Multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) indicated that depression, anxiety, and Stress were significantly decreased in the intervention group. The results of analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) for symptoms of oppositional defiant disorder of children also showed a decrease in these symptoms in children. Overall, the results of the study indicated that training of the hexagon model of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) affects the performance of mothers, and the symptoms of oppositional defiant disorder in their children. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
158 - Predicting the Smartphone Addiction Based on Depression, Fear of Missing Out, and Identity Diffusion
Sadeq Fallah Shahram Alizade Nikzad Ghanbari Fatemeh Zamani The present study aimed to investigate the role of depression, identity diffusion, and fear of missing out in predicting smartphone addiction among adolescents in Tehran. The research was a cross-sectional correlational study. 382 high school students in Tehr More The present study aimed to investigate the role of depression, identity diffusion, and fear of missing out in predicting smartphone addiction among adolescents in Tehran. The research was a cross-sectional correlational study. 382 high school students in Tehran were selected using convenient sampling method and completed the short form of Smartphone Addiction Scale (Kwon, Kim, Cho & Yang, 2013), Fear of Missing Out Scale (Abel, Buff & Burr, 2016), Kutcher Adolescent Depression Scale (LeBlanc, Almudevar, Brooks &Kutcher, 2002) and Erikson Psychosocial stage Inventory (Rosenthal, Gurney & moore, 1981). The data were analyzed using Pearson correlation and stepwise multiple regression. The findings showed that all three predictor variables including depression, fear of missing out, and identity diffusion could significantly predict smartphone addiction among adolescents and account for 24 percent of the variance in smartphone addiction among adolescents. Based on these findings preventive programs can be designed not only to reduce depression, fear of missing out, and identity diffusion but also to reduce smartphone addiction among adolescents. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
159 - The Role of Depression and Body Dysmorphic Metacognition Components in Eating Disorder
Khadijeh FooladvandThis study aimed to investigate the role of depression and body dysmorphic metacognition components in eating disorders. This research method was descriptive- correlational. 324 girls students in Lorestan high school province were selected by multi-stage cluster samplin MoreThis study aimed to investigate the role of depression and body dysmorphic metacognition components in eating disorders. This research method was descriptive- correlational. 324 girls students in Lorestan high school province were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling method. The participants completed the Eating Attitudes Test (Garner, Olmsted, Bohr & Garfinkel, 1982), the Body Dysmorphic Metacognition Questionnaire (Rabiei, Salahian, Bahrami & Palahang, 2011), and the Child Depression Inventory (Kovacs & Beck, 1977). The Pearson Correlation and Concurrent Regression were used for analysis. The results showed that the components of depression (negative mood, interpersonal problems, ineffectiveness, anhedonia, and negative self-esteem) and the components of body dysmorphic metacognition (metacognitive control, thought-action fusion, metacognitive negative and positive beliefs, and safety behaviors) had a significant and positive relationship with an eating disorder. In addition, the results of regression analysis showed that negative mood, negative self-esteem, and metacognitive control could predict eating disorders. Based on findings considering the components of depression and body dysmorphic metacognition may have an important clinical role in the processes of prevention and treatment of the eating disorder. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
160 - Internet users and depression
Sholeh Namazi S. Mohammad Mosavi Arash SeidabadiA random selection of 184 University and Azad University of Bandarabbas city were divided into two groups: users and non-users of the internet and their level of depression were measured by having them complete the Beck Depression Inventory. Results sho MoreA random selection of 184 University and Azad University of Bandarabbas city were divided into two groups: users and non-users of the internet and their level of depression were measured by having them complete the Beck Depression Inventory. Results showed that the frequency of using the Internet has no significant relationship with the depression. But, the type of Internet use was related to the level of depression, depression being significantly higher among chat room users than among those who had scientific and technical use of the internet. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
161 - Rorschach and information processing deficiency in depressed patients
Fateh RahmaniThis study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of the Rorschach cognitive indices in distinguishing the information processing deficiencies in depressed patients. Clinical interviews based on DSM-IV criteria for depression and Beck Depression Inventory were conducted to MoreThis study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of the Rorschach cognitive indices in distinguishing the information processing deficiencies in depressed patients. Clinical interviews based on DSM-IV criteria for depression and Beck Depression Inventory were conducted to -depressed female participants in the same age group and educational level. The Dysfunctional Attitudes Scale (DAS) was run to evaluate the dysfunctional attitudes. The Rorschach test was run and scored using the Exner’s Comprehensive System to evaluate the Perceptual-Thinking Index (PTI) and the cognitive components of participants. The results indicated that the Rorschach’s Perceptual-Thinking Index is not efficient enough to dis-tinguish the patient’s deficiencies in information processing; but a combination of several variables of PTI along with other comprehensive cognitive indices of the Rorschach can be useful. This study led to the development of a new index called “Information Processing Deficiency Index (IPDI). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
162 - Cognitive-existential group therapy and cognitive instructional therapy for breast concer patients
Bahman Bahmani Ahmad Etemadi Abdollah Shafiabadi Ali Delavar Ali Ghanbari MotlaghThis study aimed to compare the two therapeutic interventions: cognitive-instructional therapy (Free, 1999) and cognitiveexistential group therapy (Kissane et al. 1997), in improving psychological problems in depressed patients with breast cancer. Forty depressed women MoreThis study aimed to compare the two therapeutic interventions: cognitive-instructional therapy (Free, 1999) and cognitiveexistential group therapy (Kissane et al. 1997), in improving psychological problems in depressed patients with breast cancer. Forty depressed women (ages 20-65) with breast cancer were randomly assigned into two experimental groups and one withness group. The sample group did not have a history of psychiatric symptoms prior to the cancer and when the study was conducted they scored above average on Beck’s Depression Inventory-II (1991). All the three groups responded to the Beck Depression Inventory-II (1996), Miller Hope Scale (Miller & Powers, 1988) and Self-Esteem (Pope & McHale, 1988) and Quality of Life (Aaronson et al. 1993) questionnaires before and after 12 weekly sessions of ninety-minute intervention. MANCOVA results indicated that the depression was lower and hopefulness was higher in the cognitive-existential than in the cognitive-instructional therapy group. The self-esteem and quality of life means of the two therapy groups were not significantly different. The means of the four variables for both therapy groups significantly differed with those of the withness group. Findings are discussed in terms of the underpinnings of the two therapeutic approaches and the design of intervention. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
163 - Humor skills training and reducing depression in patients with spinal cord injury
Ahmad Beh-Pajooh Maryam Jahangiri Kianoush ZahrakarThe effectiveness of humor skills training in reducing depression in people with spinal cord injury was examined. From two rehabilitation centers in Tehran, 24 clients (12 females and 12 males) with spinal cord injury, who scored higher than average on the Beck Depressi MoreThe effectiveness of humor skills training in reducing depression in people with spinal cord injury was examined. From two rehabilitation centers in Tehran, 24 clients (12 females and 12 males) with spinal cord injury, who scored higher than average on the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI; Beck & Steer, 1987), were randomly assigned to an experimantal and a control group (12 persons in each group). In two months, only the experimental group received eight sessions of houmor skills training inspired by the McGhee’s 8-Step Humor Skills Training program (2002). The BDI was again administrated to both groups. Findings showed that depression in the experimental group was reduced as compared to the control group. Implications are discussed in terms of alleviating depression in patients with spinal cord injuries. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
164 - A comparison of attachment styles in individuals with depression ,anxiety disorders, and those without these disorders
Mohammad A. Besharat Kourosh Mohammadi Hasel Mohammad R. Nikfarjam Abbas Zabihzadeh Mohamad H. FallahDeficiency in emotion regulation is considered to be a fundamental problem among people suffering from mood and anxiety disorders. Developing in the context of mother-child relationship from early childhood, attachment style is the major determinant of emotion regulatio MoreDeficiency in emotion regulation is considered to be a fundamental problem among people suffering from mood and anxiety disorders. Developing in the context of mother-child relationship from early childhood, attachment style is the major determinant of emotion regulation. Pathologies of attachment styles may influence the normal process of emotion regulation. The main aim of this study was to compare attachment styles in individuals with depression, anxiety disorders, and those without these disorders. Two hundreds and twenty individuals (87 depressed, 64 anxious, 73 normal) voluntarily participated in the study. Following a psychiatric diagnosis of the disorders, participants were asked to complete the Adult Attachment Inventory (AAI; Besharat, 2005, 2011). The results indicated that the predominant attachment styles of the depressed, anxious, and normal individuals are avoidant, ambivalent, and secure, respectively. Comparison of attachment styles of participants provides evidence for the possible impact of pathological attachment styles on emotion regulation. The differences between attachment styles of the two groups of depressed and anxious patients also may justify their differences in terms of the kind of emotion regulation deficiency. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
165 - The Mediating Role of Ego Strength in the Relationship between Dimensions of Perfectionism and Depressive Symptoms
Mohammad Ali Besharat Mohammad Mahdi Asadi Masoud Gholmali LavasaniThe aim of the present study was to investigate the mediating role of ego strength in the relationship between dimensions of perfectionism and depressive symptoms. The sample consisted of 268 students (144 females, 124 males) from the University of Tehran. All participa MoreThe aim of the present study was to investigate the mediating role of ego strength in the relationship between dimensions of perfectionism and depressive symptoms. The sample consisted of 268 students (144 females, 124 males) from the University of Tehran. All participants completed the Tehran Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale (TMPS; Besharat, 2007), the Depression Anxiety Stress scales (DASS-21; Lavibond & Lavibond, 1995), and the Ego Strength Scale (ESS; Besharat, 2016). The results indicated that self-oriented perfectionism was negatively related to depressive symptoms and other-oriented/socially prescribed perfectionism was positively related to depressive symptoms. There was a significant negative relationship between ego strength and depressive symptoms. Ego strength mediated the relationship between dimensions of perfectionism and depressive symptoms. The findings suggested that the relationship between dimensions of perfectionism and depressive symptoms was not linear and unidimensional and ego strength played a mediating role in the relationship between the two Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
166 - The Mediating Role of Procrastination in the Relationship between Perfectionism Pathologies and Depression/Anxiety Symptoms
Mohammad Ali Besharat Hadi Farahmand Masoud Gholamali LavasaniThe aim of the present study was to examine the mediating role of procrastination in the relationship between perfectionism pathologies and depression/anxiety symptoms. Five hundred and twenty eight students of Tehran university (274 females, 254 males) completed the Te MoreThe aim of the present study was to examine the mediating role of procrastination in the relationship between perfectionism pathologies and depression/anxiety symptoms. Five hundred and twenty eight students of Tehran university (274 females, 254 males) completed the Tehran Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale (Besharat, 2007), the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (Lavibond & Lavibond, 1995), and the Pure Procrastination Scale (PPS; Steel, 2010). The results indicated that the hypothesized model had a good fit with the observed data. The relationships among other-oriented perfectionism and socially prescribed perfectionism, procrastination, and depression/anxiety symptoms were significantly positive. The results of path analysis indicated that procrastination mediated the association between perfectionism pathologies and depression/anxiety symptoms. The findings suggest that perfectionism pathologies and procrastination were associated with the severity of depression and anxiety symptoms. Considering perfectionism pathologies and procrastination are important in prevention, diagnosis and treatment of depression and anxiety symptoms as well as in promoting mental health among general population. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
167 - The Mediating Role of Self-Esteem: The Relationship Between Perfectionism Dimensions with Depression and Aggression
Tayyebe maleki Elham AsbaghyThe purpose of the present study was to examine the mediating role of self-esteem in the relationship between perfectionism dimensions with depression and aggression. 301 (129 males, 172 females) were selected by available sampling method. They completed Tehran Multidim MoreThe purpose of the present study was to examine the mediating role of self-esteem in the relationship between perfectionism dimensions with depression and aggression. 301 (129 males, 172 females) were selected by available sampling method. They completed Tehran Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale (TMPS; Besharat, 1386); aggresshon Quetionnaire (AQ; Buss & Perry, 1992); Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II; Beck et al 1996) and Self-Esteem of Multidimeensional Self-Esteem Inventory (MSEL; Obrien&Epstein, 1998). Based on Pearson Correlation Test, the results showed that there was a significant negative relationship between perfectionism dimensions (other-oriented, and socially-prescribed) with self-esteem and significant negative relationship between self-esteem with depression & aggression. The results of path analyse showed perfectionism explain 53 percent of the variance of self-esteem, perfectionism and self-esteem explain 63 percent of the variance of depression and perfectionism and self-esteem explain 44 percent of the variance of aggression. According to the finding, it can be concluded that the relationship between perfectionism dimensions with depression and aggression is not a simple linear one and self-esteem can plays a mediating role in the relationship between them. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
168 - Efficacy of logo therapy and gestalt therapy in treating anxiety,depression and aggression
Naser Yousefi Ozra Etemadi Fatemeh Bahrami Maryam A Fatehizadeh S. Ahmad Ahmadi Abdoul A. Mavarani Omid Esanezhad Saeideh BotlaniThis study compared Logo therapy and Gestalt therapy in alleviating symptoms of aggression, depression and anxiety. For this purpose 90 students who referred to the student counseling center at the Islamic Azad University of Mahabad were randomly assigned to two experim MoreThis study compared Logo therapy and Gestalt therapy in alleviating symptoms of aggression, depression and anxiety. For this purpose 90 students who referred to the student counseling center at the Islamic Azad University of Mahabad were randomly assigned to two experimental and one control group (n=30). The experimental groups received techniques of Gestalt and Logo therapies for 12 one hour sessions per week. Using the Symptoms CheckList-25-Revised (Najarian & Davoodi, 2001) test and diagnostic interview based on DSMIV-TR (2000) aggressive, depressed, and anxious students were evaluated before students received any treatment, at the end of treatment, and six month after the treatment was ended. No significant difference was found between the pre-test means of three groups. Both Gestalt and Logo therapies reduced symptoms of aggression, and anxiety. The reduction of symptoms was still observable at the follow up stage. Logo therapy and Gestalt therapy were not significantly different in treating anxiety and aggression; however Logo therapy was more effective than Gestalt therapy in treating depression. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
169 - The Mediating Role of Worry on the Relationship between Cognitive Emotion Regulation Strategies and Depression and Anxiety
Afsoun Golestaneh Sirus Sarvghadthe aim of the present study was to determine the mediating role of worry in the relationship between cognitive emotion regulation strategies and depression and anxiety. Three hundreds and sixty seven students (288 males,79 females) were selected by stratified sampling Morethe aim of the present study was to determine the mediating role of worry in the relationship between cognitive emotion regulation strategies and depression and anxiety. Three hundreds and sixty seven students (288 males,79 females) were selected by stratified sampling method from engineering school of Fars Science and Research University. The participants completed Beck Depression Inventory-II (Beck, Steer, & Brown, 1996(, Beck Anxiety Inventory )Beck & Epstein, 1993), Pennsylvania State Worry Questionnaire, (Meyer, Miller, Metzger, & Borkovec, 1990 , and the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (Garnefski, Kraaij, & Spinhoven, 2002(. The data were analysed using correlation coefficient, regression analysis, and path analysis. The results indicated that maladaptive emotion regulation strategies (rumination strategy) was positively related to depression and anxiety through worry. Also, adaptive emotion regulation strategies (positive refocusing) was negatively related to depression and anxiety through worry. In sum, the findings suggest that cognitive emotion regulation plays an important role in predicting worry, depression and anxiety. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
170 - the effect of attribution retraining group program on depression of students with learning disabilities
Marziyeh Yahyaee Masoume Pourmohamad Reza-Tajrishi Firouzeh Sajedi Akbar Biglarianthis study aimed to determine the effect of attribution retraining group program on depression of students with learning disabilities in city of Tehran. In this semi-experimental study, 36 students (27 males, 9 females) were selected. The sample was partly a convenient Morethis study aimed to determine the effect of attribution retraining group program on depression of students with learning disabilities in city of Tehran. In this semi-experimental study, 36 students (27 males, 9 females) were selected. The sample was partly a convenient and partly a selective sampling procedure from centers for learning disorders located in Tehran 6th district between 2012-2013 academic year. The students of each center were assigned randomly and equally to either experimental or control groups. All students completed the Kovacs Children's Depression Inventory (1977) before and after training intervention. The experimental group received eleven group sessions of attribution retraining program twice a week. Each session lasts for 45 minutes. The data were analyzed by independent t-test and analysis of covariance. The results indicated that attribution retraining program significantly decreased the depression scores of students with learning disabilities. It is concluded that attribution retraining group program may reduce the symptoms of depression of students with learning disabilities. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
171 - the relationship of social supports to psychological well-being and depression :the mediating roles of self-esteem and besic psychological needs
Morteza Moradi Azam Cheraghithis study aimed to examine the relationship of social supports to psychological well-being and depression through mediating roles of self-esteem and basic psychological needs. The sample consisted of 432 teachers from the city of Khoramabad. The participants completed Morethis study aimed to examine the relationship of social supports to psychological well-being and depression through mediating roles of self-esteem and basic psychological needs. The sample consisted of 432 teachers from the city of Khoramabad. The participants completed the Social Support Scale (Vaux et al, 1986), the Self-Esteem Scale (Rosenberg, 1965), the Satisfying Basic Psychological Needs Scale at Work (LaGuardia et al, 2000), the Psychological Well-Being Scale (Ryff, 1989) and the Depression Inventory (Beck, 1988). The results of path analysis indicated that the social supports had direct effects on the psychological well-being and depression. Social support indirectly, through the self-esteem, satisfying the need for relatedness and the need for competence, increased psychological well-being and decreased depression. The results emphasized the role of social interactions in promoting self-esteem and the importance of basic psychological needs in work environment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
172 - The Mediating Role of Personal Initiative in Relationship of Curiosity with Psychological Well-Being and Depression
Mona Jamalabadi Morteza Moradi Sedigheh ShahabzadehThis study aimed to examine the mediating role of personal initiative in the relationship between curiosity and psychological well-being and depression. The sample consisted of 391 students from ShahidChamran University of Ahvaz, Iran in academic year 2015/ 2016. The sa MoreThis study aimed to examine the mediating role of personal initiative in the relationship between curiosity and psychological well-being and depression. The sample consisted of 391 students from ShahidChamran University of Ahvaz, Iran in academic year 2015/ 2016. The sample were selected using multi-stage random cluster sampling method. The participants completed the Curiosity Scale (CS; Kashehdan, Rose, Fincham, 2004), the Personal Initiative Scale (PI; Robitschek, 1998), the Psychological Well-Being Scale (PWBS; Ryff, 1989) and the Depression Scale (DS; Beck, Steer & Brown, 1966).The proposed model fit was examined through structural equation modeling (SEM). The results indicated a direct effect of curiosity on the psychological well-being and depression. Personal initiative played mediating role in the relationship between curiosity and psychological well-being and depression. The findings suggested the direct and indirect roles of cognitive characteristic in fulfilling the potentials and enhancing mental and psychological health. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
173 - Training life skills for desreasing depression
Ali Amiri BaramkoohiThe effectiveness of life skills training in relieving depression was examined. Sixty two female students in grade nine were randomly selected and assigned to an experimental or a control group. Biweekly, the experimental group received life skills training sessions of MoreThe effectiveness of life skills training in relieving depression was examined. Sixty two female students in grade nine were randomly selected and assigned to an experimental or a control group. Biweekly, the experimental group received life skills training sessions of two hours, for 12 weeks. The both groups completed the Children Depression Scale (Lang & Tisher, 1983) before and after the training. The results of ANCOVA posited that life skills training significantly decreased symptoms of depression: social problems, and mental preoccupation with illness and death. However there were no significant difference between the two groups in terms of affective response, feelings of guilt, self esteem and pleasure. It appears that a complete treatment of symptoms requires a more extensive training. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
174 - The Effectiveness of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy on Social Self-efficacy and Depression
Somayeh Mahdizadeh Azdin Seyed Ali Mohammad Musavi Mohammadreza Jalali Alireza KakavandThe study aimed to determine the effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy on social self-efficacy and depression among female adolescents protected by welfare organization of Qazvin province. The study was quasi-experimental with pretest-posttest control gro MoreThe study aimed to determine the effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy on social self-efficacy and depression among female adolescents protected by welfare organization of Qazvin province. The study was quasi-experimental with pretest-posttest control group design. Twelve orphaned and neglected females were selected from a care center in Qazvin using available sampling method. The participants were randomly assigned into either experimental or control groups. The experimental group received 10 sessions of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for two months. Each session lasted 70 to 90 minutes. Both groups were assessed by the Adolescents Social Self-Efficacy Scale (Connolly, 1989) and the Kutcher Adolescent Depression Scale (2002) in pre-test and post-test stages, and at the three months follow-up. The results of covariance analysis indicated that social self-efficacy increased significantly and depression reduced significantly in experimental group. These results remained unchanged at the three months follow-up. The findings suggested the effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy in increasing social self-efficacy and reducing depression in orphaned and neglected females. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
175 - The Relation of Attachment Styles and Parental Warmth to Child Depression: The Mediating Role of Self-Esteem
Donya Norouzi Mehrnaz Ahmadi The aim of present study was to examine the mediating role of self-esteem in relevance between attachment styles and parental warmth with depression. The research design was descriptive-correlational. Participants consists of 205 female primary school students who More The aim of present study was to examine the mediating role of self-esteem in relevance between attachment styles and parental warmth with depression. The research design was descriptive-correlational. Participants consists of 205 female primary school students who were selected by convenience sampling method in 2018-2019 academic year. All students completed the attachment styles classification questionnaire (Ricky Finzi-Dottan, 2006), Child Parental Acceptance-Rejection Questionnaire (Rohner, 2007), Culture-Free Self-Esteem Inventory (Battel, 2002), Children’s Depression Inventory (kovacs, 1992). Pearson correlation test results showed among depression with self-esteem, secure attachment styles and parental warmth had pos- itive relation and with insecure attachment styles had negative relation (P<0/001). Also among self-esteem with secure attachment style and parental warmth had positive relation and with insecure attachment styles had negative relation (P<0/01).findings showed that, 25 percent of the variance in self-esteem can be explained by parental warmth and attachment styles. Also, attachment styles, parental warmth and self-esteem are able to account for 52 percent of the variance in depression among female students. In the rela- tionship among attachment styles and parental warmth with depression, the self-esteem had a mediation role In general, the findings showed that by raising parenting skills and increasing self-esteem levels in children with avoidant attachment styles, depressive symptoms can be prevented. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
176 - The role of maternal psychopathology in externalizing disorders of adolescent girls
Fatemeh Hadavandkhani Zeinab KhanjaniThe aim of this study was to predict adolescent girls' externalizing disorders from mothers' anxiety and depression. One hundred and eight normal female students between the ages of 11 and 16 (M=13.26, SD=0.92) from Tabriz city were selected by multi-stage random sampli MoreThe aim of this study was to predict adolescent girls' externalizing disorders from mothers' anxiety and depression. One hundred and eight normal female students between the ages of 11 and 16 (M=13.26, SD=0.92) from Tabriz city were selected by multi-stage random sampling. The mothers were between the ages of 27 and 56 (M=19.15, SD= 6.05) and were asked to complete the Child Symptom Inventory (CSI-4; Gadow, & Sparfkin, 1994) and the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS-42; Lovibond, & Lovibond, 1995). The data were analyzed using multiple linear regression. The results indicated that maternal depression predicted adolescent girls' externalizing disorders (=0.235). Maternal anxiety didn't predict the externalizing disorders. The findings are applicable to prevention of externalizing disorders among adolescent girls. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
177 - Cognitive-behavior therapy in patients with irritable bowel syndrome
Seyyed Abbas Haghayegh Mehrdad Kalantari Hosein Molavi Majid TalebiThe efficacy of Cognitive-Behavior Therapy (CBT) in decreasing the symptoms of anxiety and depression in patients suffering from irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) was examined. 32 patients, diagnosed by a gastroenterologist applying the RomeII Criteria, were selected and d MoreThe efficacy of Cognitive-Behavior Therapy (CBT) in decreasing the symptoms of anxiety and depression in patients suffering from irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) was examined. 32 patients, diagnosed by a gastroenterologist applying the RomeII Criteria, were selected and divided into an experimental and a control group-each composed of 12 patients. The experimental group received a weekly session of CBT for eight weeks. The Health Anxiety subscale of the Specific Quality of Life Questionnaire (Patrick et al., 1998) and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI, 1961) were administered as pre-post and follow-up tests. The results of MANCOVA showed significantly lower mean scores in symptoms of anxiety (P < 0.05) and depression (P < 0.01) among the experimental group in the post-test. The follow-up test given eight weeks after the post-test did not show a change in the anxiety scores of experimental group. However, the follow-up test showed an increase in the depression scores of experimental group (P < 0.05). Findings support the efficacy of CBT in treating the IBS. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
178 - A Psychometric Analysis of the Young Children's Appraisals of Interparental Conflict Scale
Sara Salavati Omid ShokriThe present study aimed to test psychometric properties of the Young Children's Appraisals of Interparental Conflict Scale (CPIC-Y; McDonald &Grych, 2006) among students between the ages of 9 and 11. One hundred and sixty two elementary school students (104 bo MoreThe present study aimed to test psychometric properties of the Young Children's Appraisals of Interparental Conflict Scale (CPIC-Y; McDonald &Grych, 2006) among students between the ages of 9 and 11. One hundred and sixty two elementary school students (104 boys, 54 girls) completed the Young Children's Appraisals of Interparental Conflict Scale and the Beck Depression Inventory for Youth (BDI-Y; Beck, Beck, Jolly & Steer, 2005). The confirmatory factor analysis method and internal consistency were used to investigate the CPIC-Y factorial validity and internal consistency, respectively. The results of confirmatory factor analysis supported three-factor structure of conflict properties, threat, and self-blame. The confirmatory factor analysis indicated that multidimensional structure of CPIC-Y was an acceptable measurement model. The significant positive correlations of all three CPIC-Y scales with depression provided support for the CPIC-Y convergent validity. Internal consistencies of the CPIC-Y scales were good. The findings suggested that CPIC-Y was an appropriate measure for assessing specific dimensions of interparental conflict in a sample of Iranian children. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
179 - the role of mother-child relationship and pain-related variables in the depression level of mothers with chronic illness
Ata Tehranchi Mohsen Dehghani Karine Tahmasian Hamideh Zareethe role of mother-child relationship and pain variables in inducing depression in mothers suffering from Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA), Multiple Sclerosis (MS) and Low Back Pain (LBP) was studied. The sample was consisted of 67 LBP, 60 RA and 63 MS patients selected from A Morethe role of mother-child relationship and pain variables in inducing depression in mothers suffering from Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA), Multiple Sclerosis (MS) and Low Back Pain (LBP) was studied. The sample was consisted of 67 LBP, 60 RA and 63 MS patients selected from Atieh, Imam Khomeini hospitals, and the Iranian MS Society in city of Tehran plus 65 nonpatient mothers. All participants answered Depression- Anxiety-Stress Scale (DASS-42; Laviband & Laviband, 1995) and the Parent-Child Relationship-Short form (PCRS-S; Pianta, 1992). Patient mothers also answered Visual Analogue Scale (VAS; Wewers & Lowe, 1990) and Pain related Disability Questionnaire (PDQ; Roland & Morris, 1983). Data were analyzed using variance analysis, Pearson correlation and stepwise regression. Results indicated that the depression severity differed significantly in patient and nonpatient mothers. Also, disability due to pain and conflict in mother-child relationship significantly predicted depression in mothers. Therefore, it was concluded that disability and conflict in mother-child relationship is related to depression severity in mothers with chronic illnesses. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
180 - The Relationship of Perfectionism Dimensions with Psychological Health: The Mediating Role of Intolerance of Uncertainty
Mohammad Sadeghi Monir Hosseini Reza Zamani Maryam Al-sadat HosseiniThis study aimed to determine the mediating role of intolerance of uncertainty in the relationship between positive and negative perfectionism and university students’ depression, anxiety and stress. A number of 240 undergraduate and graduate students of Islamic A MoreThis study aimed to determine the mediating role of intolerance of uncertainty in the relationship between positive and negative perfectionism and university students’ depression, anxiety and stress. A number of 240 undergraduate and graduate students of Islamic Azad University Kermanshah branch in 2019-20 academic year were selected by convenience sampling method and responded to Positive and Negative Perfectionism Scale (PNPS; Terry-Short et al, 1995), Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS; Lavibond & Lavibond, 1995) and Uncertainty Intolerance Scale (IUS; Freeston et al, 1994). The results showed that maladap- tive perfectionism had a significant positive correlation with depression, anxiety and stress, while adaptive perfectionism has a signifi- cant positive relationship only with stress and has no significant relationship with depression and anxiety. The results also showed that intolerance of uncertainty has a strong positive relationship with both adaptive and maladaptive perfectionism and depression, anxiety and stress. The results also indicated that the hypothesized model had a moderate fit with observed data and the mediating role of intolerance of uncertainty in the relationship between research variables was not confirmed. The findings of the present study showed that the transdiagnostic structures have a significant effect on mental health and increasing the severity these variables carries the risk of reducing the quality of university students’ mental health. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
181 - Study of the relationship between relative humidity and the dewpoint depression in moist air on surface in period of five years (-) in stations of Mehrabad and North of Tehran
R. HaroutounianIn this study all tries have been done to simplify & to determine a linear relationbetween Relative Humidity and Dewpoint depression through the ClausiusClapeyron and the Relative Humidity Equations, and also by using dailyexperimental data in a period of years MoreIn this study all tries have been done to simplify & to determine a linear relationbetween Relative Humidity and Dewpoint depression through the ClausiusClapeyron and the Relative Humidity Equations, and also by using dailyexperimental data in a period of years (- ) from Tehran meteorologystations of North (an elevation of meters above sea level) & of Mehrabad (anelevation of meters above sea level). This outcome has been obtained undercondition of the atmosphere and geographical ambient of Tehran city. In result, theobtained linear Equation was RH=100-5.18(T-Td) which showed a decrease of Tdincrease of Dewpoint depression by about 1oC for every % decrease in RH.Therefore, there were several efficient usages for presented simple linear Equation.One of them was to estimate cumulus cloud base level (LCL – lifting condensationlevel). Considering the ratio changes of RH with Dewpoint depression, linearEquation for estimating Cumulus cloud base level which is Zlcl = 125(T-Td)changed in the form of Zlcl = 24.13(100-RH) . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
182 - Efficacy of paroxetine on social anxiety disorder
Hasan Toozandehjani Farnaz Abharzanjani Mehdi AmiriIntroduction: This research is a clinical trial with the trial ID 4N20171228038109, which was conducted with the aim of investigating the effectiveness of paroxetine on the clinical symptoms of social anxiety, depression, fear of negative evaluation, and quality of life MoreIntroduction: This research is a clinical trial with the trial ID 4N20171228038109, which was conducted with the aim of investigating the effectiveness of paroxetine on the clinical symptoms of social anxiety, depression, fear of negative evaluation, and quality of life in patients with social anxiety disorder. Method: The statistical population of this research included all those who referred to psychological service centers and private psychiatric offices with the diagnosis of social anxiety disorder in the city of Mashhad. They were selected in a purposeful and available manner and randomly placed in groups. The tools for measuring research variables were evaluated before, after and 3 months after group treatment with Paroxetine drug. Findings: The statistical analysis of the data of the current research by using the statistical method of analysis of variance with repeated measurements shows that, in general, paroxetine has a significant effect (p < 0.05) on the dependent variables.Conclusion: Drug treatment has been significantly effective on most of the sub-components of the dependent variables in the post-test stage, and only in the mean scores of the psychological sub-components, social relations, satisfaction with the life situation, no significant difference can be seen, but in the follow-up stage It has not had a statistically significant effect. In the control group, no significant difference can be seen in the three stages of the test. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
183 - The effectiveness of the clinical model of therapeutic creativity on reducing anxiety and depression in male students of the first secondary school in Najaf Abad city
Abbas Rohani Mohammad KhoshaviTarget; The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effectiveness of the clinical model of creativity therapy on reducing anxiety and depression in male students of the first secondary school. Method; The statistical population of the research incl MoreTarget; The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effectiveness of the clinical model of creativity therapy on reducing anxiety and depression in male students of the first secondary school. Method; The statistical population of the research included all male students of the first secondary school in Najafabad city, in the academic year of 2017-2018. From this population, 30 people were selected by available and targeted sampling and then assigned to two experimental (15 people) and control (15 people) groups. Tool; Beck's anxiety and depression questionnaires (1998) were administered to all participants as a pre-test. Then the participants in the experimental group were subjected to 8 sessions of the clinical model of creativity therapy, while the control group did not receive any intervention. The aforementioned questionnaires were administered again on both groups as a post-test. findings; The findings of the research were analyzed using ANCOVA and MANCOVA analysis of covariance. The results of MANCOVA analysis showed that after adjusting the pre-test covariance effect, there is a significant difference between the mean post-test anxiety and depression scores in the experimental and control groups (F=7.93, P<0.01). Also, the ANOVA analysis results showed that there is a significant difference between the mean post-test scores of anxiety (F=8.06, P<0.01) and depression (F=11.79, P<0.01) in the two experimental and control groups. Conclusion; According to these results, the clinical model of therapeutic creativity has a significant effect in reducing the anxiety and depression of male students of the first secondary school. In fact, creativity is a kind of mental efficiency that can moderate the ineffective mentality and reduce anxiety and depression in students. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
184 - Prediction of quality of life on anxiety and depression caused by covid-19 in married women of Islamshahr city
Maryam GhasemiThe aim of the present study is to predict the quality of life on anxiety and depression caused by covid-19 in married women of Islamshahr city. The statistical population in this research is the married women of Islamshahr city, and the sample size is estimated to be 3 MoreThe aim of the present study is to predict the quality of life on anxiety and depression caused by covid-19 in married women of Islamshahr city. The statistical population in this research is the married women of Islamshahr city, and the sample size is estimated to be 384 people based on Morgan's table, which were selected by simple random sampling. Questionnaires have been distributed online. The research tools are 3 questionnaires, which include the quality of life questionnaire, the corona disease anxiety questionnaire, and the Beck depression questionnaire. The analysis of the information obtained from the questionnaires has been done at two levels of descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. The research findings were analyzed using SPSS version 26 software. Considering that the distribution of the obtained data was not normal, Spearman's correlation test and non-parametric regression analysis were used. The results of the research showed that there is a negative and significant correlation between the quality of life and anxiety caused by covid-19 (R = -0.681), and there is a negative and significant correlation between the quality of life and depression caused by covid-19 (r = -0.751). R). Also, according to the obtained results, the quality of life is able to predict anxiety and depression caused by covid-19 (P>0.05). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
185 - The effect of selected aerobic exercise training on quality of life, depression and Body composition women with hypothyroidism
Mahsa Safaei Mandana Gholami Keyvan MollanoruziThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of step aerobic exercise on quality of life, depression and body composition of women with hypothyroidism. Semi-experimental research was performed. Thirty women with hypothyroidism who had mild depression and taki MoreThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of step aerobic exercise on quality of life, depression and body composition of women with hypothyroidism. Semi-experimental research was performed. Thirty women with hypothyroidism who had mild depression and taking levothyroxine sodium. three sessions per week. Body mass, fat percentage, fat mass, waist to hip ratio, body mass index, as well as quality of life and depression were evaluated before and after eight weeks of aerobic training. Independent t-test was used for the difference between the variables. Significant increase in quality of life and decrease in depression and improvement of body composition. Decreasing changes in depression and body mass BMI, skin index, fat percentage, fat mass were significant only in the experimental group and did not have a significant effect on the control group. There was no significant effect in the WHR experimental group and control group. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
186 - The relationship between Corona anxiety and social media addiction, depression and death anxiety in students of Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz
mina maleki manijeh shehni yailaghThe aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between corona anxiety and social media addiction, depression and death anxiety in students of Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz. the current research was of applied type and in terms of method it was a d MoreThe aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between corona anxiety and social media addiction, depression and death anxiety in students of Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz. the current research was of applied type and in terms of method it was a descriptive-correlational study. the statistical population of this research consisted of all male and female undergraduate students of shahid chamran university of ahvaz who were studying in 2021-2022, and among them, 240 people were selected through cluster sampling. they responded to the questionnaires about Corona anxiety by Ailpour et al. (2018), social media addiction by Khaje Ahmadi et al. (2015), depression of students by Kawaja and Bryden (2006) and Templer's death anxiety (1970). Data was analyzed by Pearson correlation test and multiple regression using SPSS version 26 software. the findings showed that social media addiction (r = 0.541), depression (r = 0.473) and death anxiety (r = 0.310) have a significant relationship with corona anxiety. also, the results of multiple regression showed that the variables of social media addiction and depression have the ability to predict Corona anxiety by 37% and 24%, respectively, but death anxiety was not able to predict Corona anxiety. the results of the findings showed that social media addiction and depression have the ability to predict the Corona anxiety, so it seems that in the conditions of the Corona epidemic, it is possible to reduce the anxiety of Corona by reducing the social media addiction and intervening to improve depression. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
187 - The Effectiveness of Musical play on Anxiety and Depression in Elementary Secondary School Students with Visual Impairment
Seyede Shohre Taheri Mansure Shahriari Ahmadi Hasan PashasharifiThe aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of musical games on anxiety and depression in students with visual impairment in the second grade of elementary school. The present study is a experimental study with a pretest, posttest design with a control gr MoreThe aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of musical games on anxiety and depression in students with visual impairment in the second grade of elementary school. The present study is a experimental study with a pretest, posttest design with a control group. The statistical population includes 60 students with visual impairment aged 9 to 15 years (M = 11.74). Sampling by screening method with Spence Anxiety Questionnaire, CDI Depression Inventory and after matching based on age and type of visual impairment, 28 people were divided into experimental and control groups. The experimental group received 10 sessions of 30 minutes of intervention. Data were analyzed by SPSS software and statistical methods of analysis of covariance, independent t-test and paired t-test. The results of independent t-test showed that there was no difference between the groups in the baseline. Paired t-test results showed that there was a difference between pre-test and post-test of the experimental group.The results of analysis of covariance showed that in the experimental group there was a significant difference in the anxiety variable, but there was no significant difference in the depression variable. The final results showed that musical games can be a suitable method to affect the anxiety of children with visual impairment (P <0.0001). According to importance of play in children's lives, this method can empower and create a positive feeling, so planning to teach them ways to live happily is especially important . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
188 - Comparison of mental health and locus of control in depressed and obsessive compulsive patients Referred to psychiatric clinics in Kermanshah
Masoumeh HeydarianDepression and obsessive-compulsive disorders are common mental health problems in people, and several factors play a role in these disorders. One of the most important components of mental health is the locus of control. The aim of this study was to compare the locus o MoreDepression and obsessive-compulsive disorders are common mental health problems in people, and several factors play a role in these disorders. One of the most important components of mental health is the locus of control. The aim of this study was to compare the locus of control and mental health in depressed and obsessive-compulsive patients. The research method was descriptive and causal-comparative with the participation of 140 people (70 people with obsessive-compulsive disorder and 70 people with depression) from outpatients referred to Kermanshah psychiatric clinics in 2021. The instrument of the present study included the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) and Ratter Locus of Control Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and independent t-tests. The results showed that the locus of control of most people (82.1%) was external and the score of mental health and its components were moderate. Although the variables incloud social dysfunction, anxiety disorder, and physical symptoms were more prevalent in obsessive-compulsive disorder than in depressed individuals, this difference was not statistically significant. Depression was more common in depressed people than in obsessive-compulsive disorder, and the difference was statistically significant. Mental health was significantly weaker in obsessive-compulsive disorder than in depressed individuals, although locus of control was not significantly different in the two groups of patients. Depressed and obsessive-compulsive patients have different personality traits, at least in some components of mental health, although they did not show a statistically significant difference in the locus of control, which can be considered to control and treat mental disorders. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
189 - Depression Diagnosis Based on KNN Algorithm and EEG Signals
Nika Forouzandeh Maryam Saeedi Keivan Maghooli -
Open Access Article
190 - A Comparative Study of the Quality of Life, Depression, Anxiety and Stress in Farmers Exposed to Organophosphate Pesticides with those in a Control Group
Fariba Taghavian Gholamhassan Vaezi Mohammad Abdollahi Ali Akbar Malekirad -
Open Access Article
191 - Investigating the Interaction between SSRI Drugs and Human Serum Albumin: Unraveling the Key Players in Antidepressant Delivery
Vajagathali Mohammed Nikitha Shalom RichardAntidepressant drugs are medications used to treat various types of depressive disorders. They work by altering the balance of chemicals in the brain called neurotransmitters, which are involved in regulating mood. Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor (SSRI) is a clas MoreAntidepressant drugs are medications used to treat various types of depressive disorders. They work by altering the balance of chemicals in the brain called neurotransmitters, which are involved in regulating mood. Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor (SSRI) is a class of antidepressant drugs that specifically target the neurotransmitter serotonin in the brain. They work by blocking the reuptake of serotonin, which increases the concentration of serotonin in the synaptic gap between neurons. HSA plays a crucial role as a transport protein, facilitating the delivery of hormones and various other ligands to their specific destinations within the body. The interaction of SSRI drugs with HSA and their binding mechanism in the HSA-SSRI system has not been extensively studied so far. The primary objective of this study is to investigate the binding affinity (BA) of SSRI drugs with HSA and identify the amino acids that bind to the antidepressant drug. The HSA protein structure (PDB ID: 1AO6) has been downloaded from the Protein Data Bank, and the SSRI antidepressant drugs structure were generated using ChemDraw. Our docking results showed that the SSRI drugs had a significant binding affinity (BA) (more negative than -5.0) with the HSA protein. Among them, the highest BA was found with vilazodone (-8.6), and the lowest BA was observed with escitalopram (-6.1). This suggests that SSRI drugs can bind to the HSA protein, potentially facilitating their transport through the bloodstream. HSA binding can also influence the drug's free concentration, which is the active form available for interaction with its target receptors in the brain. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
192 - The Effects of Yoga Exercises on the Health of Iranian Men and Women: A Review Study
Vida Hojati -
Open Access Article
193 - Investigation of the Effects of Oleuropein on Depression Induced by Scopolamine in Adult Mice
Azam Moshfegh Gelavij MahmoodiDepression is still one of challenging, and widely encountered disorders with complex etiology. The role of healthy diet and oleuropein in ameliorating depression has been claimed. This study was designed to explore the effects of oleuropein on depression induced by sco MoreDepression is still one of challenging, and widely encountered disorders with complex etiology. The role of healthy diet and oleuropein in ameliorating depression has been claimed. This study was designed to explore the effects of oleuropein on depression induced by scopolamine. In the present study, 35 male mice were randomly assigned to five groups (n=7). The control group received normal saline. The Sco group received intraperitoneal scopolamine at a dose of 1 mg/ kg for three weeks. The treatment groups received oleuropein in three doses of 5, 10, and 20 mg/ kg. At the end of the behavioral tests, blood samples and brain tissues of the animals were removed for determination of biochemical tests. Results show that in groups receiving oleuropein at doses of 10 and 20 mg/ kg, the duration of immobility significantly reduced compared to the scopolamine group. Prescribing oleuropein at a dose of 10 mg/kg significantly reduced the level of nitric oxide (NO) in serum and brain tissue. Oleuropein shows significant anti-depressant effects in mice receiving a scopolamine, possibly due to its antioxidant activity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
194 - Evaluation of the Effects of Aqueous Extract of Cress (Lepidium sativum) on Anxiety-like and Depression-like Behaviors in Adult Male Mice
Fatemeh Rahimiasl Maryam Khosravi Ramin Hajikhani Jalal Solati Hossien FahimiAnxiety and depression are the most common mental illnesses. Oxidative stress is one of the causes of anxiety and depression. Lepidium sativum has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of aqueous extract of Lep MoreAnxiety and depression are the most common mental illnesses. Oxidative stress is one of the causes of anxiety and depression. Lepidium sativum has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of aqueous extract of Lepidium sativum on anxiety-like and depression-like behaviors in adult male mice. In this study, male mice weighing 30-35 g were used. First, the tested animals were treated with aqueous extract of Lepidium sativum at doses of 200, 400 and 600 mg/kg for 2 weeks. At the end of the treatment period, the levels of anxiety and depression were assessed by an elevated plus maze (EPM) and forced swimming test, respectively. No significant changes were observed in any of the groups receiving Lepidium sativum extract in the time spent in the open arm, the number of entrances to the open arm and motor activity. The results of forced swimming test showed that in animals receiving Lepidium sativum extract at doses of 400 and 600 mg/kg, swimming time and immobility time were significantly increased and decreased compared to the control group, respectively (p < 0.01). The results of this study showed the modulatory effects of Lepidium sativum extract on depressive-like behaviors, but this extract had no significant effects on anxiety-like behaviors. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
195 - Evaluating the Effect of Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) on Fertility, Depression, and Anxiety in Male Rats
Maryam Sharafi chie Ramin Hajikhani Jalal Solati Maryam khosraviQuenzim Q10 (CoQ10) is a benzoquinone compound soluble in androgen lipid found in most tissues of the body. CoQ10 has a potent antioxidant activity and neutralizes free radicals. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of CoQ10 as a potent antioxidant and fr MoreQuenzim Q10 (CoQ10) is a benzoquinone compound soluble in androgen lipid found in most tissues of the body. CoQ10 has a potent antioxidant activity and neutralizes free radicals. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of CoQ10 as a potent antioxidant and free radicals neutralizer on reproductive disorders, sexual behaviors, anxiety, and depression in male rats. In this study, small male rats (weight range of30-35 g) were used. At first, the animals under study passed a two-week treatment period. The adult male rats were treated with doses of 200, 300, 400 mg/kg of CoQ10 for two weeks. Then the effects of the given treatment were studied in the physiologic section. After the end of the treatment period, the sexual behaviors were assessed in the control group and treated groups by sexual behavior test. Then, the anxiety and depression levels in adult male rats were assessed using EPM and forced swimming tests, respectively. The findings of this study showed that the prescription of CoQ10 alone did not have a significant effect on sexual behaviors, depression, and anxiety in male rats. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
196 - Study of the Symptomology of Bipolar Disorders (Manic-Depressive) in Forough Farrokhzad's Poems
Arash MoshfaghiAbstractWith a profound look at the literary works of poets and literary writers, one can see the growth and development of literature and psychology. Since, every created work is not outside the world of psychology. Because the inner psychological states of the c MoreAbstractWith a profound look at the literary works of poets and literary writers, one can see the growth and development of literature and psychology. Since, every created work is not outside the world of psychology. Because the inner psychological states of the creator of the work shadow on the created work, and in fact, the literary work expresses the conscious and unconscious inner psychological dynamics of the author. One of these common situations in the individuals, especially in the poets, can be depressed mood which leads to "depression". Depression disorder, which is placed in the inside of mood disorders class, in its full form, has several types that one of its types is bipolar disorder (Manic-Depressive). The aim of the present study was to examine the poems of Forough Farrokhzad, known as Pari Shahdokht of contemporary poetry, based on the semiotics of bipolar disorder (Manic-Depressive). For this purpose, the analytical method of poetry of the poet was used. According to the results, it seems that the existence of two essential drives of life and death in Forough's poems is impressive. The poet has been able to place two opposite and contradictory sources in her poems with artistic techniques, all of which emanate from inner psychological states full of contrasts and contradictions of human. The main factor of these states can be attributed to the failures, frustrations, and backwardness of social knowledge and ... of any human being which is very prominent in the poems of this poet. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
197 - Valine Consumption And Endurance Exercise Modified The Inflammation In Rat Model Of Anxiety/Depression.
Mohammad-Hossein Beigi -
Open Access Article
198 - بررسی فراوانی انواع سردرد و عوامل موثر بر آن در خانمهای مبتلا به اختلالات روانپزشکی مراجعه کننده به بیمارستان 22 بهمن در سالهای 91-
Mohsen Mahdi nejad Nooshin Hemati Hamid reza ArshadiBackground: epidemiological studies have shown that there is a mutual relationship between psychiatric disorders and headaches. So that people with psychiatric disorders are more suffer from headache and patients with headache are more suffer from mental disorders. Obj MoreBackground: epidemiological studies have shown that there is a mutual relationship between psychiatric disorders and headaches. So that people with psychiatric disorders are more suffer from headache and patients with headache are more suffer from mental disorders. Objective: the aim of this study is determining prevalence of headache and its influencing factors in women with psychiatric disorders Method: This study was a cross - sectional investigation. Participants in the study included 175 female patients with psychiatric disorders, which are selected by random sampling. Data was collected through questionnaire and interview. Depression was diagnosed according to DSM4. And headache was diagnosed according to IHS criteria. Results: The mean age of the patients, was 38.2 year old and the highest frequency age range was 31-40 year old. Through 95 patients who had headache, patients with major depression and generalized anxiety disorder had the highest incidence of headaches. The prevalence of headache in patients with major depressive disorder was 63.6% that there was no significant difference in the prevalence of migraine and tension-type headache. The prevalence of headache in patients with anxiety disorders was 56.6%, that the most common headache was migrain. The prevalence of headache in patients with bipolar disorder was 37.2%, that the most common headache was migrain. The prevalence of headaches in patients with schizophrenia was 42.9%, that the most common headache was tension-type headache. most headaches (67.4%) start after the onset of psychiatric disorders that can confirm the role of creating or exacerbating headaches Discussion and conclusion: Finally, this study indicated that female patients with psychiatric disorders are commonly suffer from headache and this can have a significant impact on their quality of life and this study shoes that as we take psychiatric story from patients with headach we should also take the headache histories from psychiatric patients, to treat patients better. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
199 - A Comparative Study on the Teachers' Communication Efficiency in Different Educational Levels of Girl Schools in Kerman City and Its Related Personal and Mental Factors
Afsaneh Nikoobakhat Hamidreza Alavi Marzieh Yarizanganeh Mahdieh Zahir Salehi -
Open Access Article
200 - The mediating role of interpersonal problems in the relationship between perfectionism and depression
majid Zargham Hajebi Tahereh Jolaniyan Elham ManteghiyanMajor Depressive Disorder is one of the most common mental disorders worldwide; hence identify affecting factors such as perfectionism and interpersonal problems, is important. The purpose of this study was to explain the mediating role of interpersonal problems in the MoreMajor Depressive Disorder is one of the most common mental disorders worldwide; hence identify affecting factors such as perfectionism and interpersonal problems, is important. The purpose of this study was to explain the mediating role of interpersonal problems in the relationship between negative and positive perfectionism and depression. The study design was descriptive correlational type and the statistic population included of all students of Alborz province in the second semester of 2015-2016. The sample consisted of 220 subjects who were selected through multistage sampling from two Islamic Azad University of Karaj and Alborz PNU. The study tools were positive and negative perfectionism by Terry- short, Owens, salde & Dewey (1995), interpersonal difficulties-47 by Pilkonis and colleagues (1996) and Beck Depression Inventory (1961). Structural equation modeling technic was used to analyze the data. Results showed that research structural model base on gathered data fit well and interpersonal problems is a mediator in the relationship between perfectionism and depression. Negative perfectionism through interpersonal problems such as interpersonal sensitivity, interpersonal ambivalence, aggression, social approval and lack of socialization, decreases social support and increases depression. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
201 - Making and Standardization the Psychometricof irritability questionnaire
الهام پورافروز سعید ستایشی ایمان الله بیگدلی میرمحسن پدرامThe purpose of this study was to design an irritability test. The term irritability in this research have included anxiety, high arousal, hostility, depression, acceleration, incompatibility, lack of persistence, decentralization, impulsiveness, dissatisfaction and impa MoreThe purpose of this study was to design an irritability test. The term irritability in this research have included anxiety, high arousal, hostility, depression, acceleration, incompatibility, lack of persistence, decentralization, impulsiveness, dissatisfaction and impatience. The design of the study is based on test validity. The population of the study consisted of all employees at Milk Powder Factory, Mashhad municipality, and Golestan Ali foundation and 400 peaople were selected by Simple Random Sampeling method and answered the questions. The average age and the standard deviation of the age in this sample were 51/38 and 9/98 with a range of 21 to 70 years. 75 percent of the subjects were women and 25 percent were men. To examine the amount of desirability and internal consistency of the factors, first descriptive indexes, the correlation coefficients of each factor were examined with the total score and the Cronbach's alpha coefficients, in the case of deletion of each factor. The factors with no minimum or confusing operative bar were discarded, all factors related to depression were deleted, and the analysis were resumed. Finally, a simple operative structure was obtained that could be explained 28/70 percent of the variance with 10 operant of higher value than one. Cronbach's alpha coefficients varied from 0.68 to 0.92, indicating that all sub-scales were stable. The alpha coefficients and dividing in two for the total were 0.95 and 0.90, respectively. Finally, the results showed that the research can be introduced as a source of measuring irritability. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
202 - Assessment Relationship between mindfulness with depression and quality of life in women with breast cancer
Nazanin Ahangari Behrooz Biroshk Ahmad AshooriObjectives: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between mindfulness with depression and quality of life in women with breast cancer. Methods: In this study, 120 women with breast cancer referred to the Oncology part of Imam Hussein hospital of Tehran, were MoreObjectives: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between mindfulness with depression and quality of life in women with breast cancer. Methods: In this study, 120 women with breast cancer referred to the Oncology part of Imam Hussein hospital of Tehran, were selected by purposive sampling. Participants complete the questionnaires of five-factor mindfulness, Beck, global quality of life and specific quality of life. Findings: The results of correlation and step by step regression showed that the global quality of life scales (scales of performance, symptoms and general health) and scales of specific quality of life (scales of performance, symptoms) with subscales of mindfulness (observation, descriptions, act with conscious, non-judgmental and nonreactive) and also general score of mindfulness have positive and significant relationship . In addition, the Beck Depression Inventory score has a significant negative relationship with subscales and total score of mindfulness. Discuss: According to the results, the Beck Depression Inventory scores predicte the greatest amount of variance of mindfulness and high scores in mindfulness scales is the predictor of global and specific quality of life. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
203 - Mixed treatment package for depression: pilot study and design
rohulla hadadi Mina Mojtabayi Amir-Huoshang MehryarThe present study aimed to implement a mixed treatment package to reduce depressive symptoms. The rese MoreThe present study aimed to implement a mixed treatment package to reduce depressive symptoms. The research method was a quasi-experimental design, pretest-posttest, and follow up with a control group. The study's statistical population consisted of depressed women who had been referred to Atieh Medical Center in Tehran in 2019-20. The sample of the present study consisted of 60 individuals who were diagnosed as depressed patients. These individuals were randomly assigned to four groups. Each group received one type of therapeutic intervention for 12 sessions of 90 minutes. The Instrument of the study included: Beck Depression Inventory-II, 1988. The data were analyzed by Mixed analysis of variance and repeated measurement. The results showed that there was a significant difference between reducing depressive symptoms in four groups. It can be concluded that a mixed treatment package is effective in reducing depressive symptoms in the short and long term. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
204 - The mediating role of difficulties in emotion regulation on the relationship between attachment pathologies and symptoms of depression and anxiety
Mohammad Ali Besharat Hadi FarahmanDifferences in attachment styles have been linked to both emotion regulation and psychological functioning, but the emotional regulatory mechanisms through which attachment styles might impact symptoms of depression and anxiety are unclear. The aim of the present study MoreDifferences in attachment styles have been linked to both emotion regulation and psychological functioning, but the emotional regulatory mechanisms through which attachment styles might impact symptoms of depression and anxiety are unclear. The aim of the present study was to examine the mediating role of difficulties in emotion regulation on the relationship between attachment pathologies and depression and anxiety symptoms. For this purpose through a descriptive study, 528 students (274 females, 254 males) were selected using convenience sampling from the University of Tehran students and were evaluated in terms of attachment, depression, anxiety, and emotion regulation difficulty. The results indicated that the hypothesized model had a good fit with the observed data. The correlations between insecure attachment styles, difficulties in emotion regulation, and depression and anxiety symptoms were significantly positive. Based on the results of path analysis, difficulties in emotion regulation play a significant mediating role on the relationship between attachment insecurity and depression and anxiety symptoms. According to the results of the present study, it can be concluded that insecure attachment styles and difficulties in emotion regulation can predict severity of depression and anxiety symptoms. Considering these variables may be important in the processes of prevention, diagnosis and treatment of depression and anxiety symptoms, as well as promoting mental health in general population. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
205 - Effectiveness of a Two-Minute Session of Written Emotional Disclosure in Depression, Anxiety and Stress among the Students Suffering from Trauma
Dorra Prov Parvane Mohammadkhni Behroz Dolatshahi Nahale MoshtaghCognitive processes, such as attention span and reaction time play a key role in a variety of practical realms. An effective method which can be applied to increase the concentration, attention and also the alteration of reaction time is neurofeedback training. The rese MoreCognitive processes, such as attention span and reaction time play a key role in a variety of practical realms. An effective method which can be applied to increase the concentration, attention and also the alteration of reaction time is neurofeedback training. The research purpose is to assess the effectiveness of neurofeedback training in the attention and reaction time of novice tennis players. Therefore,a sample of 36 volunteers was randomly selected and assigned to experimental group (real neurofeedback) and placebo group (simulated neurofeedback),through employing a semi-experimental method with pre-test, post-test and control group design.Both groups were assessed in terms of attention span and reaction time prior and subsequent to the training. The result of difference variance analysis indicated that neurofeedback training is effective in decreasing the reaction time. However, no support was found in terms of attention span. Overall, it can be concluded that neurofeedback training is effective in the enhancement of cognitive performance, particularly, the decrease of reaction time. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
206 - Comparing the effectiveness of cognitive therapy based on mindfulness with group therapy of behavioral activation in depression rate and quality of life of depressed people
Davoud Jafari Mahdiye Salehi Parvaneh MohamadkhaniCognitive therapy based on mindfulness is a combination of Beck's cognitive therapy and Kabat Zinn’s mindfulness based stress reduction program and behavioral activation provokes depressed clients searching for positive reinforcement. The aim of the current study MoreCognitive therapy based on mindfulness is a combination of Beck's cognitive therapy and Kabat Zinn’s mindfulness based stress reduction program and behavioral activation provokes depressed clients searching for positive reinforcement. The aim of the current study is to compare the effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy and treatment of activating behavior for depression in depression rate and quality of life in depressed students. Therefore, in a quasi-experimental 50 students of Azad University of Malayer who earned the minimum score of 20 on the exam depression test were selected. From this number, 34 people based on a structured clinical interview and in compliance with the principle of equivalency were divided into two groups of experiment randomly, to undergo mindfulness-based cognitive therapy and group therapy of behavioral activation. Both groups underwent therapeutic protocols for 8 sessions. The control group did not undergo any intervention. Both groups were assessed on depression and quality of life both before and after the grouping. Analysis of mixed variances of the data indicated that cognitive therapy based on mindfulness and behavioral activation for depression improved the median of depression scores and quality of life of subjects. It seems that west therapeutic techniques are more useful when bonded with the eastern rites. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
207 - Criteria for bipolar spectrum disorder in patients with mood disorders during the current period of depression: comparison between unipolar and bipolar depression
Mohamad Ali Besharat Zeinab Khajavi Amir Shabani Masoud Gholamali LavasaniIdentifying the type of disorder in the early stages of the disease can be very helpful in choosing the right treatment. Among them, one of the controversial topics, is the diagnosis and early intervention in mood disorders. This study seeks to examine the degree of abi MoreIdentifying the type of disorder in the early stages of the disease can be very helpful in choosing the right treatment. Among them, one of the controversial topics, is the diagnosis and early intervention in mood disorders. This study seeks to examine the degree of ability of bipolar spectrum disorder criteria and distinction of the two depressed unipolar and bipolar groups. For this purpose, in a descriptive study, 114 depressive patients, inpatients and outpatients with mood disorders were selected from hospitals and clinics of Hazrat Rasoul in Tehran, Kargar nezhad in Kashan and Shamim in Mashhad. Data were collected based on SCID-I interview, investigating patient’s records and gathering information from the relatives of patients. The results indicated that there is a significant difference between the two groups of depressed unipolar and bipolar in terms of family history of bipolar disorder, recurrent depression episodes, short-term course of depression, early depression era, psychotic depression and hyperthymic personality. From the results of this study it can be concluded that the criteria for bipolar spectrum disorder may somewhat distinct unipolar and bipolar depression. These criteria can be used as diagnostic criteria for unipolar and bipolar depression. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
208 - Effectiveness of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy in the Decrease of Depression and Maniac Symptoms of Individuals Diagnosed with Bipolar Disorder
Meghdad Talebizade Elmira Shahmir Soleman Jafari fardBipolar disorder is characterized as a chronic disorder which maintains elevated relapse rate. Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy, which is generally based on meditative techniques integrated with some aspects of cognitive therapy, has been recommended for the treatmen MoreBipolar disorder is characterized as a chronic disorder which maintains elevated relapse rate. Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy, which is generally based on meditative techniques integrated with some aspects of cognitive therapy, has been recommended for the treatment of this disorder. Hence, the research purpose was to carry out an investigation into the effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy in the decrease of depression and maniac symptoms of individuals diagnosed with bipolar disorder. A semi-experimental method with post-test-pre-test design was employed and a sample of 19 individuals diagnosed with bipolar disorder was assigned to the experimental (n=9) and control (n=10) groups. The subjects underwent 8 sessions of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy and were tested in terms of maniac and depression symptoms. Covariance analysis indicated that mindfulness-based cognitive therapy could significantly reduce the depression symptoms in the experimental group as compared to the control group. However, no improvement was observed in maniac symptoms. Overall, mindfulness-based cognitive therapy can be a preferred therapy in the treatment of bipolar disorder in general and depression symptoms, in particular. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
209 - The effectiveness of mindfulness-based stress reduction therapy (MBSR) on cognitive emotion regulation strategies and anxiety and depression rate in Patients with major depressive disorder
Yazdan Naderi Hadi Parhon Jafar Hasani Hale SanaeiMindfulness plays an important role in variables associated with depression. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of mindfulness-based stress reduction therapy on cognitive emotion regulation strategies and anxiety and depression rate in patients wit MoreMindfulness plays an important role in variables associated with depression. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of mindfulness-based stress reduction therapy on cognitive emotion regulation strategies and anxiety and depression rate in patients with major depressive disorder. For this purpose, in a semi-experimental design with pre-test and post-test and control group, 30 patients with major depression were selected from available samples. They were assigned to two groups of experiment and control, randomly. The groups were evaluated in terms of depression, anxiety and cognitive emotion regulation strategies both before and after the intervention and in a two-month follow-up. The experimental group underwent two months of therapy based on mindfulness. The result of combined analysis of variance indicated that intervention based on mindfulness, significantly decreased depressive, anxiety and cognitive emotion regulation maladaptive strategies symptoms. It appears that mindfulness-based therapy, can be a good way to treat and prevent recurrence of the disorder by targeting the involved mechanisms in changing the cognitive emotional regulation strategies in patients with major depression. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
210 - The relationship between intellectual rumination, physical deformation and obsession compulsion with depressive symptoms in students
Meysam Mahmoudiyan simin Epchi hagh kazem Rasoul Zadeh TabatabaeeDepression is a combination of feelings of sadness, loneliness, irritability, worthlessness, hopelessness and guilt accompanied with an array of physical symptoms. Researchers repeatedly have supported the association between depression and rumination. The aim of the cu MoreDepression is a combination of feelings of sadness, loneliness, irritability, worthlessness, hopelessness and guilt accompanied with an array of physical symptoms. Researchers repeatedly have supported the association between depression and rumination. The aim of the current study was to determine the contribution of intellectual rumination, physical deformation and obsession compulsion in predicting depressive symptoms in students. Therefore, in a descriptive study based on correlation, 380 students of university of Tehran were selected using a simple multi-stage random sampling and were tested in terms of depression, obsession-compulsion, body deformation and intellectual rumination. The result of regression analysis showed that there is a correlation between the intellectual rumination, physical deformity and obsession-compulsion. Thus, intellectual rumination, obsessive rumination, body satisfaction and doubt are the best predictor of depression. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
211 - The effectiveness of the repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) with low frequency in reducing symptoms of depression comorbid in patients with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)
Somayeh Ghiasi Mohammad Reza Naeeinian Reza Rostami Rasool Roshan Reza Kazemi Sanaz KhomamiGeneralized anxiety disorder has been associated with several disorders, it accompanies serious problems and deficiencies in the working lives of those afflicted with it. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Sti MoreGeneralized anxiety disorder has been associated with several disorders, it accompanies serious problems and deficiencies in the working lives of those afflicted with it. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) with low frequency in reducing symptoms of depression comorbid in patients with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD).For this purpose, in a quasi-experimental design with pre-test and post-test, 14 patients with generalized anxiety disorder using convenience sampling were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. Subjects were assessed for depression and generalized anxiety disorder, both before and after the treatment. The experimental group underwent 10 sessions of rTMS, on the right side of the Posterolateral pre-frontal region, in duration of 40 minutes with frequency of 1 Hertz. The control group received the same number of sessions except that the coil in the group was placed in an angle of 90 degrees, which prevented the waves from reaching to the subject’s skull. Mann-Whitney U analysis indicated that the rate of comorbid depression in the experimental group compared to the control group had a significant change. It appears that Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation therapy in Patients with Generalized Anxiety Disorder can significantly decrease comorbid depressive symptoms. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
212 - Relationship between ambivalence over emotional expression and depression: The intermediary role of interpersonal problems
Khadije Alavi Mohamad Ali Asghari Moghadam Abbas Rahiminejad Hojatollah Farahani Zahra AllameIncreasing prevalence and wide range consequences of depression indicate the necessity of investigating psychopathological factors associated with this disorder. Study of intermediary effects is a standard method for investigating pathological models. This study has exa MoreIncreasing prevalence and wide range consequences of depression indicate the necessity of investigating psychopathological factors associated with this disorder. Study of intermediary effects is a standard method for investigating pathological models. This study has examined the relationship between ambivalence over emotional expression and depression and the intermediary role of interpersonal problems in this relationship. Therefore, in a descriptive correlational study, a sample of 521 (420 female and 101 male) students from three universities in Tehran (Shahed University, Tehran University and Islamic Azad University- Tehran medical branch) in academic year 2015-2016 were selected through availability sampling method and evaluated by Ambivalence over Emotional Expression Questionnaire (AEQ), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II), and Inventory of Interpersonal Problems (IIP). Path analysis method of the data revealed that only ambivalence over positive emotional expression is related to depression and aspects such as [difficulties in] assertiveness, sociability, and aggressiveness are the indications of intermediary role of interpersonal problems in this context. The significance of direct effect between ambivalence over positive emotional expression and depression is also demonstrating that [difficulties in] assertiveness, sociability, and aggressiveness are comparative mediators in the relationship of these two variables, and that there are other variables acting as mediators. According to this study, it is concluded that disturbance in interpersonal relationships is one of the mechanisms that link ambivalence over the expression of positive emotions to depression. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
213 - The effectiveness of CBT on depression and anxiety among Methamphetamine addicts
Biuok TajeriMethamphetamine use has a lot of adverse effects as it enters the nervous system, affects dopamine’s level, and as a result stimulates the brain and increase aggressiveness and physical movements. Consumption of Shisha is a high-risk behavior among patients with s MoreMethamphetamine use has a lot of adverse effects as it enters the nervous system, affects dopamine’s level, and as a result stimulates the brain and increase aggressiveness and physical movements. Consumption of Shisha is a high-risk behavior among patients with substance abuse. The most serious sign of methamphetamine withdrawal is depression that may be associated with suicidal thoughts or behavior. The aim of this study is to examine the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy in reducing symptoms of depression and Anxiety among methamphetamine addicts. Therefore, in a quasi-experimental study, 30 individuals diagnosed with dependence on methamphetamine were randomly assigned into two experimental and control groups. The experimental group underwent 12 sessions of an hour treatment. The subjects were evaluated for depression and anxiety before treatment, after the sixth and the twelfth sessions, and 90 days after the completion of the treatment. The result of covariance analysis and analysis of variance with repeated measurements showed that the level of depression and anxiety in the experimental group were lower compared to the control group in all phases of intervention and that Cognitive Behavioral Therapy is effective in the treatment of anxiety and depression among addicts. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
214 - Temperament and Character Dimensions and depression: the mediating role of cognitive emotion regulation
Sajad Basharpour Nastaran Etarod Sanaz EiniDepression is a common and growing disorder and various factors has been proposed in the etiology of it, one of which is personality traits. The aim of the present study is to determine mediating role of cognitive emotional regulation in relationship between dimensions MoreDepression is a common and growing disorder and various factors has been proposed in the etiology of it, one of which is personality traits. The aim of the present study is to determine mediating role of cognitive emotional regulation in relationship between dimensions of temperament and character and depression. For this purpose, through a descriptive-correlational study, 205 students were selected via voluntary sampling method and evaluated in terms of dimensions of temperament and character, depression level, and employing cognitive emotional regulation strategies. The correlation results indicated a significant positive relationship between temperament and character dimensions and cognitive emotional regulation with depression. Also, path analysis showed that dimensions of temperament and character impact depression indirectly through cognitive emotional regulation. Thus, based on current research findings, it can be concluded that emotional regulation strategies have a mediating role in relationship between temperament and character dimensions and depression. Personality dimensions impact depression through certain mechanisms. Considering these dimensions and the effectiveness of the employed mechanisms can be useful in developing efficacious preventive and therapeutic interventions for depression. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
215 - The effectiveness of cognitive behavior therapy on cognitive flexibility of depressed people
Mozhghan Fazeli Parvin Ehteshamzadeh Seyyed Esmali HashemiIn cognitive flexibility theory, mental health is considered to be an acceptance of self’s internal and external environments, self-acceptance and commitment to activities which are consistent in terms of value. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect MoreIn cognitive flexibility theory, mental health is considered to be an acceptance of self’s internal and external environments, self-acceptance and commitment to activities which are consistent in terms of value. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of cognitive behavior therapy on cognitive flexibility of depressed people. To this end, during the pre-test and post-test, in a semi-experimental study with a control group, 37 students of Ahvaz University who had mild symptoms of depression were selected using purposive sampling. They were randomly divided into two groups of control and experiment (21 patients in the experimental group and 16 patients in the control group). The groups were tested both at the beginning and at the end of the study, in terms of depression and cognitive flexibility. The experimental group underwent cognitive behavioral group therapy for two months (8 sessions of 90 minutes each). Mankva analysis indicated that cognitive behavioral therapy is effective on increasing cognitive flexibility and this effect continues until the follow up stage. It seems that using cognitive-behavioral techniques and exercises, we can increase flexibility and eventually improve mood. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
216 - The effectiveness of schema therapy on emotional deprivation, anxiety, depression and stress in women with functional dyspepsia in Isfahan
parisa fadavinia felor khayatanSchemas are deep beliefs that shape how people view things and They are usually the result of unsatisfied basic needs, especially the emotional needs of childhood. People with psychosomatic disorders have more dysfunctional and maladaptive schemas than healthy people. T MoreSchemas are deep beliefs that shape how people view things and They are usually the result of unsatisfied basic needs, especially the emotional needs of childhood. People with psychosomatic disorders have more dysfunctional and maladaptive schemas than healthy people. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of schema therapy on emotional deprivation, anxiety, depression and stress in women with functional dyspepsia in Isfahan. For this purpose, in a quasi-experimental study with pre-test and post-test and control group, 16 women with functional dyspepsia in Isfahan were selected by convenience sampling and randomly divided into two groups of 8 people experimental and control. Schema therapy sessions were held in groups of 8 90-minute sessions. Subjects were assessed for stress, anxiety, depression and emotional deprivation schemas before and after the intervention. The results of analysis of covariance showed that schema therapy significantly reduced emotional deprivation, anxiety, depression and stress in the experimental group compared to the control group. It can be concluded that Schema therapy is an effective intervention in improving the mental health of patients with functional dyspepsia and reducing the components of emotional deprivation, anxiety, depression and stress due to the correction of maladaptive schemas. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
217 - The Effectiveness of mindfulness integrated cognitive behavior therapy on pain syndrome, quality of life relative with health anxiety
Mostafa Parhizgar Fardin moradi manesh Naser Serajkhorrami parvin ehteshamzadehIrritable bowel syndrome is serious problems that can influence patient’s life situation. This illness, usually occur absence organic problem and it cause to disease, sick leave, decrease quality of life, avoid from social relations, absence and increase hea MoreIrritable bowel syndrome is serious problems that can influence patient’s life situation. This illness, usually occur absence organic problem and it cause to disease, sick leave, decrease quality of life, avoid from social relations, absence and increase health charge. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the Effectiveness of mindfulness integrated cognitive behavior therapy (MiCBT) on pain syndrome, quality of life relative with health, anxiety. Depression in Irritable Bowel Syndrome patients. For this purpose, semi-experimental study with pre-test and post-test design with control group, 24 subjects with Irritable Bowel Syndrome patients in Dezful were selected by available sampling and randomly assigned to experimental and control group. The groups were evaluated before, immediately after in pain syndrome, quality of life relative with health, anxiety. Depression. The experimental group received integration group therapy in 8 sessions. The analysis of covariance data showed a significant difference between experimental and control groups in terms pain syndrome and quality of life relative with health, depression. Mindfulness integrated cognitive behavior therapy seems is able to decrease the pain syndrome, anxiety and depression in Irritable Bowel Syndrome patients and increase their quality of life relative with health. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
218 - Prediction of postnatal depression based on maternal-infant attachment, attachment styles and marital satisfaction in mothers of premature infants and normal infants
Parisa Peyvandi Hasan Ahadi Mohammad Ali Mazaheri Farhad JomehriMotherhood process can be accompanied by tensions and worries due to physical and mental changes. One of these changes is the incidence of postnatal depression in mothers. Premature birth (Babies born before 37 weeks of pregnancy) can also increase the risk of postnatal MoreMotherhood process can be accompanied by tensions and worries due to physical and mental changes. One of these changes is the incidence of postnatal depression in mothers. Premature birth (Babies born before 37 weeks of pregnancy) can also increase the risk of postnatal depression. The aim of the current study was the Prediction of postnatal depression based on mother to infant attachment, maternal attachment styles and marital satisfaction in mothers of premature infants and normal infants. For this purpose, 100 mothers of premature infants and 100 mothers of normal infants who referred to the gynecology ward or infant intensive care hospital in Tehran's Milad & Shahid Akbar Abady hospital were selected from available samples and were tested regarding postnatal depression, attachment and marital satisfaction. The multiple regression analysis of the data indicates that both groups of marital satisfaction and anxious ambivalent attachment style can predict the postnatal depression. Results indicated that the slope of the regression line in both groups had significant difference with each other, in terms of marital satisfaction variable. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
219 - Effectiveness of Intensive Short-Term Dynamic Psychotherapy in Decreasing the symptoms of depression and Increasing Emotional Disclosure in Patients Suffering from Depression
Mehdi Khoryaniyan Leila Heidari nasab Zahra Tayebi Hamid reza Aghamohammadiyan shear bafVarious approaches have been put forward for the treatment and decrease of depression symptoms, one of which is intensive short-term dynamic psychotherapy (ISTDP). Therefore, the research purpose is to assess the effectiveness of short-term dynamic psychotherapy in decr MoreVarious approaches have been put forward for the treatment and decrease of depression symptoms, one of which is intensive short-term dynamic psychotherapy (ISTDP). Therefore, the research purpose is to assess the effectiveness of short-term dynamic psychotherapy in decreasing the symptoms of depression and emotional disclosure in patients suffering from depression. The research employed a semi-experimental method with pre-test-post-test-control group design. The sample comprised 16 individuals diagnosed with depression who were selected using voluntary sampling and were randomly assigned to the experimental and control groups. Prior to the intervention, the subjects were tested in terms of depression and emotional disclosure. The experimental group received 20 sessions of intensive short-term dynamic psychotherapy, whereas, the control group received no intervention. ANCOVA analysis indicated that intensive short-term dynamic psychotherapy has significantly decreased the symptoms of depression and increased the emotional disclosure. Overall, it can be concluded that short-term dynamic psychotherapy can elevate the lowered mood (decrease of depression symptoms) and increase the emotional disclosure. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
220 - The relationship between marital satisfaction and sexual satisfaction with couple mental health
Somaye Ezadi Mohtaram Nemat TavosiQuality of life is a set of emotional and cognitive reactions against physical, psychological, and social situations; and is considered as the final outcome of clinical trials, interventions and health care services, and is an important factor in reducing symptoms of ch MoreQuality of life is a set of emotional and cognitive reactions against physical, psychological, and social situations; and is considered as the final outcome of clinical trials, interventions and health care services, and is an important factor in reducing symptoms of chronic mental and physical illnesses. This study aims to examine the effectiveness of mindfulness therapy in quality of life among patients with MS. Therefore, in a quasi-experimental research with pre-test, post-test, and control group, 30 patients with MS were selected through convenience sampling method and assigned randomly into experimental or control groups (n=15). The subjects were evaluated for quality of life prior to and after the intervention, and at two month follow up. The experimental group received eight sessions of 90 minutes group mindfulness therapy once a week. The results of analysis of covariance indicated that the mindfulness therapy resulted in increase in quality of life and this increase was sustained at follow up point. Given the importance of quality of life among patients with MS, it is possible to improve the factor among these patients with mindfulness training. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
221 - Identification and early intervention of reducing postnatal depression and increasing self-esteem and marital satisfaction of Pregnant Women
Ahmad Ahmadi Sayeh Sadat Mousavi Sahebol Zamani Ali Fathi Ashtiyani Samira MotieeMood disorders are the most common psychological disorders that occur during pregnancy and after. Patients with post-natal depression, experience many challenges in terms of the emotional support from their spouses and children. This condition can be considered as a thr MoreMood disorders are the most common psychological disorders that occur during pregnancy and after. Patients with post-natal depression, experience many challenges in terms of the emotional support from their spouses and children. This condition can be considered as a threat factor for deteriorating psychological health. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of cognitive behavioral therapy in postpartum depression and increase self-esteem and marital satisfaction of pregnant mothers. For this purpose, in a quasi-experimental study with a control group, 135 depressed pregnant women, of the hospital's maternity ward of Baghiato-Allah and Najmieh Tehran were assigned into two groups of intervention and control, randomly. The Intervention group received 8 sessions of 40 to 60-minute of psychological training program. The groups were tested in terms of depression, self-esteem and marital satisfaction both before and after the intervention. Multivariate analysis of covariance revealed that depression in the intervention group has decreased. It appears that with regard to the impact of psychological interventions in reducing postpartum depression, it is better to enter this kind of intervention in the treatment of patients with postpartum depression. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
222 - The relationship of counterfactual thinking with self-esteem and depression among students
Davood KaramiCounterfactual thinking literally means contrary to the truth. Counterfactual thinking occurs when a person modifies a real event, and then assess the consequences of that change. It is known that counterfactual thinking creates negative emotions, but they may also have MoreCounterfactual thinking literally means contrary to the truth. Counterfactual thinking occurs when a person modifies a real event, and then assess the consequences of that change. It is known that counterfactual thinking creates negative emotions, but they may also have beneficial or functional effects. The present study aimed to investigate the counterfactual thinking dimensions of self-esteem and depression among students of Islamic Azad University, Roodehen division. Therefore, based on the assumption of a correlation study, survey type, 400 students (200 males and 200 females) were selected using stratified random sampling. They were tested with the counterfactual thinking for negative events scale, Cooper Smith self-esteem scale and the Beck depression inventory. The results indicated that the upward self- referent thinking and upward non- referent thinking have significant negative correlation with self-esteem. The upward self- referent thinking, downward non- referent thinking, upward other- referent thinking, upward non- referent thinking have significant positive correlation with depression. Based on counterfactual thinking dimensions, (the upward self- referent thinking, downward non-referent, and upward other- referent thinking, upward non-referent thinking), a model can be presented for predicting self-esteem and depression. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
223 - The effectiveness of mindfulness-based stress reduction program on depression, anxiety and depression of female students
Mehdi DehestaniMindfulness means paying attention in a particular way, focused both on the target and the time without any judgment. In mindfulness one learns to be aware of each moment of his mental state and to focus his attention on the mind in different ways. Mindfulness-based cog MoreMindfulness means paying attention in a particular way, focused both on the target and the time without any judgment. In mindfulness one learns to be aware of each moment of his mental state and to focus his attention on the mind in different ways. Mindfulness-based cognitive-behavioral therapy intervention is considered as a third-generation or third wave. This study examines the effectiveness of mindfulness training on depression, anxiety and depression of female students, in Hamedan city. For this purpose, in a semi-experimental study with pretest-posttest and a control group, 40 female high school students of Hamadan were selected with available sampling method. They were randomly assigned into control and experimental groups. The experimental group underwent 8 sessions of 120 minutes of mindfulness-based stress reduction training. The groups were tested both at beginning and end of the study in terms depression, anxiety and stress. The results of covariance analysis indicated that teaching mindfulness-based intervention reduces the anxiety, depression and stress of students of experimental group. It seems we can reduce student’s anxiety, depression and stress with stress training management based on mindfulness. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
224 - The effectiveness of combination therapy of behavioral activation with paroxetine on anxiety, depression, fear of negative evaluation and quality of life in patients with social anxiety disorder
farnaz abharzanjani Hassan Toozandehjani Mahdi Amiri Elham TaheriIn the combined approach of psychotherapy with drug therapy, the effects of psychotherapy are enhanced by drugs. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of behavioral activation therapy with paroxetine on clinical symptoms of social anxiety, depression, f MoreIn the combined approach of psychotherapy with drug therapy, the effects of psychotherapy are enhanced by drugs. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of behavioral activation therapy with paroxetine on clinical symptoms of social anxiety, depression, fear of negative evaluation and quality of life in patients with social anxiety disorder. For this purpose, in a semi-experimental research with pre-test, post-test and follow-up, 24 clients of psychiatric and psychiatric services with a diagnosis of social anxiety disorder in Mashhad city were selected Accessible method and randomly assigned to two The experimental and control groups were used. The groups were evaluated for social anxiety, depression, quality of life and the consequences of negative social events before, after intervention and 3 months after posttest. The results of repeated measures analysis of variance showed that combined treatment of behavioral activation with paroxetine in average score of fear, avoidance, physiological discomfort, depression, psychological, social relationships, fear of negative evaluation of self and others in post-test and tracking difference Meaningful. This significant change in the physical health variable was observed only in post-test. It seems that the combination of psychotherapy with drug therapy is effective on clinical symptoms of social anxiety, depression, and fear of negative evaluation. In this way, clinical interventions with patients with social anxiety disorder can be used. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
225 - The mediating role of difficulty in emotion regulation in explaining the correlation between behavioral activation system and behavioral inhibition system with depression
Afsaneh Frashbandi Fariba Hafezi zahra Eftekhar saad Alireza HeidarieDepression is one of the most common mental disorders. Exploring the vulnerabilities of this disorder and how these factors relate to each other remains a fundamental issue in mental health. The aim of this study was to determine the mediating role of difficulty in emot MoreDepression is one of the most common mental disorders. Exploring the vulnerabilities of this disorder and how these factors relate to each other remains a fundamental issue in mental health. The aim of this study was to determine the mediating role of difficulty in emotion regulation in explaining the correlation between behavioral activation system and behavioral inhibition with depression. For this purpose, in a descriptive correlational study, 200 students of Ahvaz Islamic Azad University were selected by convenience sampling method and tested for emotion regulation, behavioral activation and inhibition system, and depression. Evaluation of structural pattern using statistical indicators showed that behavioral inhibition has a significant correlation with depression. The results showed that the direct correlation between behavioral activation and depression and the difficult correlation between emotion regulation and depression were not significant. Therefore, it can be argued that the hypothetical model can better explain the relationships between research variables than the competing model. Difficulty in regulating emotion is a mediating variable in the relationship between behavioral activation and behavioral inhibition with depression, and by controlling this variable, the role of behavioral activation and behavioral inhibition on the symptoms of depression can be controlled. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
226 - Examining the predicting suicidal thoughts model based on stressful life events and depressive mediated rumination
Mina Vesal Mohamad Ali GodarziStressful life Events, are challenging occurrences that are associated with emotional disruptions and seem to be one of the factors that lead individual to clash with depression and rumination, are worrying experiences that continually occur over time and can have an im MoreStressful life Events, are challenging occurrences that are associated with emotional disruptions and seem to be one of the factors that lead individual to clash with depression and rumination, are worrying experiences that continually occur over time and can have an important role in creating suicidal thoughts. The aim of this study is to present a model to predict suicidal thoughts based on stressful events and depressive mediated rumination in students. Therefore, in a correlation study, 155 post-graduate students of Shiraz University were selected randomly and evaluated for depression, suicidal thoughts, and rumination responses. Correlation analysis showed that stressful life events and rumination scores can directly and significantly predict depression and suicidal thoughts. According to the proposed model, it was found that stressful life events and depressive mediated rumination could significantly predict suicidal thoughts. It appears that the risk of depression and suicidal thoughts is higher in students who have experienced more stressful life events and tend to use ruminative response more often. Given that students have an important role in community development; employing methods that prevent and treat depression and suicidal thoughts among this demographic is essential. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
227 - Comparison of meta-memory in people with symptoms of anxiety, depression and obsessive compulsive disorder in DSM-5
rahim yosefi hasan bafandeh raheb JafariRecently, the concept of meta-memory and its relation to the personality and psychological characteristics of individuals have been considered. One of the interests of this field is whether the personality traits of individuals are related to their meta-memory abilities MoreRecently, the concept of meta-memory and its relation to the personality and psychological characteristics of individuals have been considered. One of the interests of this field is whether the personality traits of individuals are related to their meta-memory abilities, or whether it is possible to find out the extent of the existence of psychological disorders with the state of meta-memory in the individuals. The purpose of this study was comparison of meta-memory in people with symptoms of anxiety, depression and obsessive compulsive disorder in DSM-5. In this causal-comparative study, 180 patients (60 anxious, 60 depressed, 60 obsessive-compulsive) from Psychiatric Clinic of the University of Medical Sciences of Tabriz were selected by sampling available method and compared with 60 non-patients in memory. The results of ANOVA showed that people with anxiety, depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder and normal people had a significant difference in the level of satisfaction with individual memory, perceived ability, application of memory strategy, and meta-memory. The findings showed that the mean of memory usage strategy of normal people was higher than those with obsessive-compulsive, anxious and depressed symptoms. Paying attention to the role and importance of meta-memory in people with psychological disorders can affect many of their problems. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
228 - The Effectiveness of Mindfulness Based on Narrative Group Therapy on Improving Depressive Symptoms and Emotional Outcomes in Students with Depressive Syndrome
fereshteh changizi msoomeh Azmoodeh Sholeh Livarjani Sharam VahediDepression in children and adolescents due to disrupting various social, educational, professional, functions and etc, its prevalence is an issue that needs serious attention. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of mindfulness based on narrative grou MoreDepression in children and adolescents due to disrupting various social, educational, professional, functions and etc, its prevalence is an issue that needs serious attention. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of mindfulness based on narrative group therapy intervention program on improving depressive symptoms and emotional outcomes in students with depressive syndrome. For this purpose, during a quasi-experimental study with pre-test, post-test and control group, 40 students with depressive symptoms, living in Tabriz, were selected by convenience sampling method and randomly assigned to two groups of 20, tested and controlled. Subjects' depressive symptoms and emotional outcomes were assessed before and after the intervention. Mindfulness based on narrative group therapy intervention was performed on the experimental group in 16 sessions. The control group did not receive any intervention. The results of analysis of ANOVA showed that the process of intervention sessions of mindfulness program based on group narrative therapy improved depressive symptoms and emotional outcomes in students with depressive syndrome in the experimental group compared to the control group. According to the results of this study, a mindfulness based on narrative group therapy intervention program can be used as an effective intervention program to improve depressive symptoms and emotional outcomes in students with depressive syndrome. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
229 - Effectiveness of Behavioral Activation Group Therapy on Emotional Regulation Difficulties and Ego Strength in People with Major Depressive Disorder
Romina Habibi Ali Atlasroody بهمن متین پورIn depression, the afflicted person is in risk of mental breakdown and his mental coherence is endangered. Two important psychological mechanism that seem to be important factors for susceptibility to depression and its continuity are emotional dysregulation and ego str MoreIn depression, the afflicted person is in risk of mental breakdown and his mental coherence is endangered. Two important psychological mechanism that seem to be important factors for susceptibility to depression and its continuity are emotional dysregulation and ego strength. This study aims to test the effectiveness of group behavioral activation on emotion dysregulation and ego strength in depressed people. for this purpose, in a quasi‐experimental research design with pretest, post-test and a control group, 30 patients were selected using convenience sampling method and placed randomly in experimental (n=15) or control group (n=15). Subjects in experimental group participated in eight 90 minutes sessions of behavioral activation and the control group waited for one month without receiving any intervention. Emotion dysregulation and ego strength of the subjects were measured before and after the intervention. Multivariable analyze of covariance indicated that when the effects of pretest are controlled, there is a significant difference between the two groups in terms of their average score on emotion dysregulation and ego strength variables. The results of this paper supports the effectiveness of group behavioral activation-based therapy on improving emotion regulation and ego strength. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
230 - Predicting the risk of depression based on attachment styles and identity base
Vida Dehghanpor Asghar ForoedinAdlMost people with anxious attachment style use negative emotional regulations strategies and impaired emotional regulations. Use of impaired strategies by those with anxious attachment style causes reduction in their capabilities to cope with stressful situations and mak MoreMost people with anxious attachment style use negative emotional regulations strategies and impaired emotional regulations. Use of impaired strategies by those with anxious attachment style causes reduction in their capabilities to cope with stressful situations and makes them vulnerable in the face of problems. The aim of this study is to predict the risk of depression based on attachment styles and identity base in patients with depression and non-patient individuals. In order to do this, through a descriptive correlational study, 75 patients diagnosed with depression (after screening) and 74 non-patient individuals were selected by purposive sampling method and were assessed for general health, depression, attachment styles and identity base. Logistic regression analysis showed that secure attachment style and anxious attachment style respectively could in negative way and positive way predict the probability of depression. Also, increasing scores of individual’s informational and normative styles decreases the likelihood of being depressed; and increasing scores of ambivalent-avoidant identity of the individual increases the likelihood of being depressed. It seems that to predict depression attachment styles and individual’s sense of identity should be considered. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
231 - Predicting postpartum depression based on perceived stress and styles of coping with stress among pregnant women in Tabriz
Morteza Azizi Latifeh NezamiStress during pregnancy, is among the psychological factors that is affective in the incidence of postpartum depression. One’s perception of stress and coping styles with stress can greatly effect a person's health. Styles of coping with stress, can affect the out MoreStress during pregnancy, is among the psychological factors that is affective in the incidence of postpartum depression. One’s perception of stress and coping styles with stress can greatly effect a person's health. Styles of coping with stress, can affect the outcome of stress as a mediator variable. The aim of this research, was to predict postpartum depression based on perceived stress and coping styles with stress, during pregnancy. For this purpose, in a descriptive study based on regression analysis, 100 pregnant women from Tabriz city were chosen with targeted sampling method and were tested in terms of depression, perceived stress coping style with Stress. Regression analysis indicated that there is a positive correlation between perceived stress and coping style, with postpartum depression. And these variables explain 35 percent of changes in postpartum depression. The results indicated that perceived stress and emotion-focused coping style have a positive correlation with postpartum depression. But there was no significant correlation between problem-focused copings styles and avoidant with postpartum depression. It seems with the identification and screening of pregnant women disposable to stress and with training of effective and adapted stress coping style against stress, we can prevent postpartum depression in women. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
232 - Effectiveness of cognitive Reappraisal and Suppression on symptoms of Anxiety, Depression and Stress based on mediating role of brain reinforcement Sensitivity Systems
Sohrab amiri Mahsa ghasemighishlagh zahra abaszadehGray neuropsychological theory explains how the brain relevant personality trait are associated with the formation of pathological disorders. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the correlations and mediation model of cognitive reappraisal and suppressio MoreGray neuropsychological theory explains how the brain relevant personality trait are associated with the formation of pathological disorders. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the correlations and mediation model of cognitive reappraisal and suppression, as two strategies for emotional regulation between brain-behavioral systems and anxiety, depression and stress. For this purpose, from the statistical population of the Bu Ali sina and urmia University students, 340 were selected through multistage cluster sampling and were tested with regard to reinforcement sensitivity, cognitive reappraisal and suppression , anxiety, depression and stress scale. Correlation and path analysis results showed that significant positive correlation between inhibition system with anxiety, stress and depression and also negative correlation with cognitive reappraisal.There were negative correlation between cognitive reappraisal with anxiety, depression and stress. The path analysis model also showed strong relationships between brain/behavioral systems with anxiety, depression and stress, and cognitive reappraisal and suppression were unable to mediate these relationships. It seems that sensitivity of brain-behavioral systems causes vulnerability to symptoms of psychopathology Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
233 - The potency of early maladaptive schemas and personality dimensions in prediction of depression
Mehdi Rezaei simin GHolamrezayi Mohamad Ali Sepahvandi Firoze Ghazanfari Fazollah DarikvandEarly maladaptive schemas are patterns or deep themes, pervasive and inefficient which are formed in childhood or adolescence. They continue in adulthood and they act on the deepest level of cognition in which usually a person is not aware of .The Schemas make people wh MoreEarly maladaptive schemas are patterns or deep themes, pervasive and inefficient which are formed in childhood or adolescence. They continue in adulthood and they act on the deepest level of cognition in which usually a person is not aware of .The Schemas make people who are prone to depression, anxiety, and dysfunctional interpersonal relationships and psycho-somatic get hurt. The purpose of this study was to determine the ability of personality dimensions and early maladaptive schemas in predicting depression. For this purpose in a descriptive study, correlation type, 384 patients (201 women, 172 men, 11 unknown) were selected based on the available samples from Zanjan and Lorestan University. They were tested regarding the early maladaptive schemas, personality traits and depression. Analysis of the regression indicated that maladaptive schemas are positively correlated with neuroticism factor and they are negatively correlated with four factors of extraversion, openness to experience, agreement and dutifulness. Selective maladaptive schemas were able to explain 27% of the depression variance. Given the current findings it can be said that neurotics is an important factor in formation of the maladaptive schemas. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
234 - Develop of treatment program based on dynamic experiential model and its effectiveness on emotional expressiveness in depressed patients
Abedin Javaheri Kamel Maryam Mahmoudi Faramarz Sohrabi mohammad asgari hosein eskandariThere is increasing evidence that people with depression disorder have emotional expressiveness problems that may play a key role in the pathology and continuity of this disorder. Some experts say suppressed emotions can lead to traumatic symptoms, including depression. MoreThere is increasing evidence that people with depression disorder have emotional expressiveness problems that may play a key role in the pathology and continuity of this disorder. Some experts say suppressed emotions can lead to traumatic symptoms, including depression. So, the aim of this study was to develop of treatment program based on dynamic experiential model and determine its effectiveness on emotional expressiveness in depressed patients. Disorder. To this purpose, in a pretest–posttest semi- experimental research with control group, 30 patients with depression disorder were selected through convenience sampling method and randomly divided into experimental and control group. The experimental group underwent 20 sessions of treatment program and the control group did not receive any treatment. Score of emotional expressiveness in experimental and control groups was evaluated at beginning, after the treatment, and at 2-month follow-up. The results of covariance analysis showed treatment program improves emotional expressiveness in depressed patients. Also, results of repeated measure test showed a persistent effect over a two-month follow-up period. Overall, this study emphasizes on necessity of training and emotional expressiveness in depressed patients. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
235 - Emotion regulation difficulties and attachment styles in patients and normal samples
Mohammad Ali Besharat Farzane Ranjbar Shirazi Elahe Hafezi Tohid RanjbariEmotion regulation difficulties and attachment styles play an important role in the formation of depressive, anxious and obsessive-compulsive disorders. The purpose of the present study was to compare difficulties in emotion regulation and attachment styles in people wi MoreEmotion regulation difficulties and attachment styles play an important role in the formation of depressive, anxious and obsessive-compulsive disorders. The purpose of the present study was to compare difficulties in emotion regulation and attachment styles in people with major depression, generalized anxiety disorder, obsessive compulsive disorder, and normal individuals. For this purpose, 160 participants (40 depressed patients, 40 anxious patients, 40 obsessive-compulsive patients, 40 normal individuals) were selected by purposive sampling method in a causal-comparative study and were evaluated in terms of emotion regulation difficulties and attachment. The results of MANOVA and Tukey test showed that there was a significant difference between the clinical groups with normal individuals in total score of emotion regulation difficulty and attachment styles. The results also revealed a significant difference of emotion regulation difficulties between anxious/depressed patients and obsessive-compulsive patients. No statistically significant difference was found between the attachment styles of clinical groups. The results of the present study could be used in diagnosis and differentiate among these three high prevalent comorbid disorders. The findings could be used in preventive and therapeutical programs for emotional problems. Manuscript profile
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